Arts and Humanities › Visual Arts and Performing Arts

Cultural and Historical Studies

Works Count: 33973

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This cluster of papers focuses on the intersection of fashion design and technology innovation, including topics such as 3D printing, sustainable fashion, fashion communication, upcycling trends, wearable technology, fashion education, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, cultural products, and fashion film.

Keywords

3D Printing; Sustainable Fashion; Fashion Communication; Upcycling Trend; Wearable Technology; Fashion Education; Digital Transformation; Artificial Intelligence; Cultural Products; Fashion Film

A study on the winged angel: the origin of a motif

1968-01-01

Gunnar Berefelt

Are the emperor's new clothes object-oriented?

1989-12-01

Scott B. Guthery

Lessons from the Sampoong department store collapse

2002-09-06

N. J. Gardner , Jungsuck Huh , Lan Chung

An application of the dowel and composite resin core technique

1974-10-01

David R. Federick

The Use of Pure Cultures for the Preparation of Kushuk

1974-07-01

F.F. Al-Nouri , C.L. Duitschaever , J.M. deMan

The validity of the Mosaic Test.

1939-01-01

Madeline Kerr

Reliability and Intercorrelation of Individual Differences on Visual and Kinesthetic Figural Aftereffects

1960-06-01

Herman H. Spitz , Ronald S. Lipman

The Content Characteristics of Best-Selling Novels

1953-01-01

John F. Harvey

The Evidential Value of Cosmetic Foundation Smears in Forensic Casework

2004-08-27

AR Gordon , Sally Coulson

Cosmetic foundation products are easily transferred to clothing and other surfaces as a result of contact with such objects. Examination of past cases involving cosmetics in New Zealand has shown … Cosmetic foundation products are easily transferred to clothing and other surfaces as a result of contact with such objects. Examination of past cases involving cosmetics in New Zealand has shown cosmetic foundation to be one of the more common cosmetic products encountered. The aim of this research was to determine the most discriminating method for the comparison of transferred foundation with samples obtained from a known source in forensic casework. Fifty-three foundation samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (SEM-EDX). It was found that a 5 mm2 section of a light smearing was enough to provide detectable results. The discriminating powers for FTIR, SEM-EDX and GC-FID were 98.3, 93.8, and 82.0% respectively. A combination of all three techniques provided a discriminating power of 99.7%, meaning that almost complete discrimination was achieved between the foundation samples.

Analysis of Modern Chinese Paper and Treatment of a Chinese Woodblock Print

1997-01-01

Fei Wen Tsai , Dianne van der Reyden

Summary This article highlights key works on Chinese papermaking and Chinese paper fibres. It characterizes the properties of modem handmade Chinese Xuan and Pi papers, by SEM imaging and EDS … Summary This article highlights key works on Chinese papermaking and Chinese paper fibres. It characterizes the properties of modem handmade Chinese Xuan and Pi papers, by SEM imaging and EDS (for morphology of fibres such as straw containing phytoliths) analysis. Colourimetry (for discoloration before-and after aging), zero-span tensile testing (for physical strength), and pH (for chemical quality) were also undertaken. Findings from these studies were applied to the development of a conservation treatment for a Chinese woodblock print.

Effect of Age of Models in Print Ads on Evaluation of Product and Sponsor

1982-09-01

Herbert Jack Rotfeld , Leonard N. Reid , Gary B. Wilcox

Comparison of Accelerated Aging of Book Papers in 1937 with 36 Years Natural Aging

1980-01-01

William K. Wilson , Elizabeth J. Parks

Article Comparison of Accelerated Aging of Book Papers in 1937 with 36 Years Natural Aging was published on January 1, 1980 in the journal Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation … Article Comparison of Accelerated Aging of Book Papers in 1937 with 36 Years Natural Aging was published on January 1, 1980 in the journal Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material (volume 4, issue 1).

A Study of the Diagnostic Drawing Series with Eating Disordered Patients

1994-04-01

Kathie Kessler

This study is based on the etiology, phenomenology, diagnosis, and treatment of eating disorders. There has become an increasing awareness and prevalence of eating disorders in our culture today. Literally, … This study is based on the etiology, phenomenology, diagnosis, and treatment of eating disorders. There has become an increasing awareness and prevalence of eating disorders in our culture today. Literally, "eating disorders" implies "disordered eating." The most common eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa/self-starvation, Bulimia Nervosa/binge eating, and Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (NOS)/symptoms of both (Emmett, 1985). The combined sample for this study included women from all three diagnostic categories.The purpose of this study was to examine the possible existence of structural and content elements in the Diagnostic Drawing Series (DDS) significant to an Eating Disorder population and to discover if there were recognizable or identifiable differences between the profiles of Anorexic, Bulimic, and Eating Disorder NOS individuals. Previous studies of the DDS have been conducted with other mental disorders in the areas of schizophrenia, depression, dysthymia (Cohen, Hammer, & Singer, 1988), borderline personality disorder (Mills, 1989), organic mental syndrome (Couch, 1992), and Multiple Personality Disorder (Mills & Cohen, 1991; Kress, 1992; Heijtmajer & Cohen, 1993). This additional study with eating disorders provides a broader application of the use of the Diagnostic Drawing Series instrument along with increased reliability and validity.

A Nonparametric Scale Analysis of the Development of Conservation

1985-12-01

Johannes Kingma , Elisabeth M. TenVergert

The purpose of this study was to investigate the de velopment of conservation by using the nonparametric Mokken scale analysis. Subjects were 801 children from kindergarten and primary school Grades … The purpose of this study was to investigate the de velopment of conservation by using the nonparametric Mokken scale analysis. Subjects were 801 children from kindergarten and primary school Grades 1 and 2 who completed 13 conservation tasks derived from Pi aget's publications. It was shown that some selections (i.e., seven, eight, and nine tasks, respectively, at three successive administrations with three-month's in terval) formed strong Mokken scales, which were in variant for different samples at the same point in time of test administration. Furthermore, it was found that during the course of development the number of tasks which fitted on the scale increased. However, some reversals of the relative positions of a small number of tasks were found for the scales at different points in time of test administration. It was concluded that ap plication of nonparametric Mokken scale analysis re sulted in a new, but very useful instrument for analyz ing the order of acquisition of conservation.

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Comparison of the Life Cycle Assessments of an Insulating Concrete Form House and a Wood Frame House

2006-10-01

ML Marceau , MG VanGeem

Abstract An environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on a single-family house modeled with two types of exterior walls: wood framed and insulating concrete form (ICF). The LCA was … Abstract An environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on a single-family house modeled with two types of exterior walls: wood framed and insulating concrete form (ICF). The LCA was carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the ISO 14000 family of standards. The LCA includes the inputs and outputs of energy and materials from (i) extraction and manufacturing of materials, (ii) construction, (iii) occupancy (including heating and cooling energy use), and (iv) maintenance over a 100-year life. The houses were modeled in five cities representing a range of U.S. climates: Miami, Phoenix, Seattle, Washington, and Chicago. The results show that in almost all cases, for a given climate, the environmental impact in each category is greater (worse) for the wood house than for the ICF house. The reduction in environmental impacts provided by the ICF house compared to the wood-frame house varied from 3% to 6%, depending on climate. Furthermore, the most significant environmental impacts are not from construction products but from the production and household use of electricity and natural gas. Since the ICF walls are more highly insulating and energy efficient than the wood-frame walls, the ICF house has lower impacts. Among construction products used in the house, wood products and copper tubing have the largest environmental load, followed by cement-based products.

Legibility of symbols on CRT displays

1971-09-01

Allen G. Vartabedian

The effects of dowel design and load direction on dowel-and-core restorations

2001-06-01

Hong-So Yang , Lisa A. Lang , Anthony Molina +1 more

The Influence of Product Brand-to-Brand Variability on Superdisintegrant Performance<i>A Case Study with Croscarmellose Sodium</i>

2006-01-01

Na Zhao , Larry L. Augsburger

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing croscarmellose sodium functionality with special emphasis on developing a discriminating model tablet formulation to evaluate product brand-to-brand variability. The particle … The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing croscarmellose sodium functionality with special emphasis on developing a discriminating model tablet formulation to evaluate product brand-to-brand variability. The particle size distribution, water uptake, and swelling properties of five brands of croscarmellose sodium in either neutral water or 0.1 N HCl were studied. Differences were observed in all properties between brands. Media with acidic pH had a negative impact, but to different extents, on both the water uptake and swelling of all croscarmellose sodium brands due to the presence of carboxymethyl sodium substituents. A tablet matrix composed of lactose (75% w/w) and dicalcium phosphate (25% wt/wt) was used to compare the functional equivalency of the five brands of croscarmellose sodium. The tablet disintegration times were inversely proportional to the swelling ability of superdisintegrant in the testing medium regardless of medium temperature and disintegrant concentration. In conclusion, the particle size, total degree of substitution, and the ratio of basic to acidic substituents are important factors that should be considered during product optimization. The tablet matrix composed of lactose and dicalcium phosphate at a weight ratio of 3:1 can be used as a model formulation for product lot-to-lot consistency and product brand-to-brand comparison purposes.

Influence of Form on Judgment of Apparent Area

1955-03-01

J. M. Warren , Samuel R. Pinneau

The Occlusal Dimensional Change Upon Glazing Porcelain

1981-04-01

Hugh B. Douglas , Peter C. Moon , J.R. Eshleman +1 more

The Magnitude of Figural After-Effects as a Function of the Duration of the Test-Period

1954-12-01

John Krauskopf

An Analytic Study of the Memory Image and the Process of Judgment in the Discrimination of Clangs and Tones

1901-07-01

Guy Montrose Whipple

Constant Errors in the Measurement of Figural After-Effects

1954-09-01

Michael Wertheimer

A Stereoscopic Study of Figural After-Effects

1948-01-01

Joseph Weitz , D. van der Post

Physical Structure and the Behavior of Senile Patients following Ward Remodeling

1970-08-01

M. Powell Lawton , Bernard Liebowitz , Helene Charon

Changes with Age in Human Figure Drawing

1962-10-01

J. G. Gilbert , M. R. Hall

Journal Article Changes with Age in Human Figure Drawing Get access Jeanne G. Gilbert, Ph.D., Jeanne G. Gilbert, Ph.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed … Journal Article Changes with Age in Human Figure Drawing Get access Jeanne G. Gilbert, Ph.D., Jeanne G. Gilbert, Ph.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marion R. Hall, Ph.D. Marion R. Hall, Ph.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Gerontology, Volume 17, Issue 4, October 1962, Pages 397–404, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/17.4.397 Published: 01 October 1962

An Attempt at Determining Probabilities in Human Scalp Hair Comparison

1974-07-01

B.D. Gaudette , ES Keeping

Abstract “You have testified that the hair found at the scene of the crime is similar to those of the accused's scalp. What are the chances that it could have … Abstract “You have testified that the hair found at the scene of the crime is similar to those of the accused's scalp. What are the chances that it could have originated from someone else?” This familiar question is frequently asked examiners presenting hair evidence in court. It was in an attempt to answer such questions that this study was begun.

Survey of amalgam and composite restorations in Korea.

1993-08-01

Mjör Ia , Um Cm

A study on porcelain anti slip tile design

2011-12-01

Verly Veto Vermol , K. Kamsah , Oskar Hasdinor Hassan +1 more

Literally, the application of corundum as an agent of hardness to glaze surface are determined to the hardness of the glaze properties itself. Corundum reacts as a coating agent that … Literally, the application of corundum as an agent of hardness to glaze surface are determined to the hardness of the glaze properties itself. Corundum reacts as a coating agent that allowing surface roughness rating increase. Alumina is a compound with melting point of about 2,000 °C and sp. gr. about 4.0 is making the glaze component become more durable which solidify corundum foundation. As a result; it increases 50% slip resistant rating and reducing 50% of corundum usages as well as enhancing the image printing of 20-40% of grayscale tonality.

Reliability and Validity of NX-16 3D Body Scanner

2016-12-01

Jožef Šimenko , Ivan Čuk

3D body scanning technology is nowadays widely available and used in various research on body morphology and anatomical structure.The present study investigated the reliability and validity of NX-16 (TC2) 3D … 3D body scanning technology is nowadays widely available and used in various research on body morphology and anatomical structure.The present study investigated the reliability and validity of NX-16 (TC2) 3D body scanner with a method of classical anthropometry.Research was carried out on 31 participants (17 males and 14 females) with their age 22.1±4.63years, their height 177.17±8.96cm and their weight 72.36±13.6 kg.Left (L) -Right (R) upper arm girth, L -R elbow girth, L -R forearm girth, L -R wrist girth, L -R thigh girth, L -R knee girth and L -R calf girth were measured with a flexible and inextensible tape with a 1 mm accuracy, and with the 3D measurement technique.The results show a good agreement between both methods used with paired variables showing significant and very strong correlations with more than 90 % of shared variance; Bland-Altman plot also shows a high agreement; paired sample T-test significance was observed in most cases; no significant differences were observed in measurements of right wrist girth, left thigh girth, left knee girth and in left calf girth.NX-16 3D body scanner thus represents a valid and highly accurate tool for assessing human body dimensions.However, the 3D body scanning and classical anthropometry method cannot be regarded as interchangeable due to the different initial positions of the body in the implementation of measurement protocols.For the direct comparison of 3D scanning and the classical anthropometry method in the future, the same body starting position should be used as is held during the 3D scanning process.

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Analysis of Curriculum in the Field of Clothing Construction Fashion Related Courses -Focusing on Four-year Domestic University-

2017-04-30

Kyung-Ae Kim , KyeongSook Cho

A study of the development and improvement of fashion products using a FDM type 3D printer

2019-01-30

Sohyun Kim , Hyunjin Seong , Yusun Her +1 more

Abstract 3D printing technology has been developing rapidly and is now widely used in various fields. However, the utilization of this technology in fashion products has been relatively slow. Therefore, … Abstract 3D printing technology has been developing rapidly and is now widely used in various fields. However, the utilization of this technology in fashion products has been relatively slow. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to determine the limitations of the 3D printed clothing production process and suggest complementary measures to offset those limitations. To attain these goals, we created actual clothes using a FDM type 3D desktop printer, which is a commonly used type. Three different types of 3D printed clothes were produced based on certain geometric shapes using TPU or ABS as printing materials. The limitations of the materials, the modeling programs and the printing, manufacturing and wearing processes were examined, and several suggestions to overcome each of the limitations were presented. Based on this research, it is expected that more diverse and active attempts to utilize 3D technology will be pursued by those who develop various fashion products.

A Study on <The Queen of Haedong>

2009-12-01

Chul-Ho Lim

Sensible Love of Maeg Wife (Ibbeungaksi!) (785th - 800th)

2019-08-30

Hyeonhi Regina Park , Kunjoo Daegon Andrea Kim , Jiah Anna Kim +4 more

The poem was selected from785th to 800th characters of the Tcheonzamun (The thousand character essay), and it expressed the Maeg woman ardent and deep love for his husband.This poem seems … The poem was selected from785th to 800th characters of the Tcheonzamun (The thousand character essay), and it expressed the Maeg woman ardent and deep love for his husband.This poem seems to be created 2500 years ago by a woman of Maeg country.And it showed the small but important controversy between a wife and a husband during their common life; because the husband searched for favorite and outer appearance, while the wife wanted a marriage life on the practical and inner viewpoint.The husband continued to be in exterior of his home.At last outdoors the husband was not able to eat sufficiently.In Korean language 'IbbeunGaksi!' means 'My dear Darling!' It can be said that the indirect or unseen theme of this poem is "I am able to know the intention of God through my neighbors, especially through my wife".

A study on the eruption ages of Baekdusan; 1.Radiocarbon (14C)age for charcoal and wood samples

2003-01-01

Jwa Yong Joo , Lee Jong Ik , ZhengXiangshen

§ 89 Abs. 3 HGB; § 1059 Abs. 2 Nr. 2 lit. b ZPO, § 1062 Abs.1 Nr. 4 ZPO

2013-01-24

Determinants of Patient Satisfaction in Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction

2000-09-01

Amy K. Alderman , Edwin G. Wilkins , Julie C. Lowery +2 more

In today's increasingly competitive health care marketplace, consumer satisfaction has become an important measure of quality. Furthermore, measures of satisfaction with treatment interventions are influential factors in determining patients' and … In today's increasingly competitive health care marketplace, consumer satisfaction has become an important measure of quality. Furthermore, measures of satisfaction with treatment interventions are influential factors in determining patients' and payers' choices of health care. This study sought to evaluate satisfaction with postmastectomy breast reconstruction and to assess the effects of procedure type and timing on patient satisfaction. As part of the Michigan Breast Reconstruction Outcome Study, patients undergoing first-time mastectomy reconstruction were prospectively evaluated, including cohorts of women choosing expander/implant, pedicle TRAM flap, and free TRAM flap procedures. Preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively, participants completed a questionnaire that collected a variety of health status information. The postoperative questionnaire had an additional seven items assessing both general satisfaction with reconstruction (five items) and aesthetic satisfaction (two items) as separate subscales. Patients were asked to respond to each item using a five-point Likert scale. Item responses ranged from 1, indicating high satisfaction, to 5, reflecting low satisfaction. In the data analysis, only patients responding with a 1 or 2 for all of the items within a subscale were classified as "satisfied" for the subscale. To assess the effects of procedure type (implant, pedicle TRAM flap, and free TRAM flap) and timing (immediate versus delayed) on satisfaction and to control for possible confounding effects from other independent variables, multiple logistic regression was employed. In our analysis, odds ratios and associated 95 percent confidence intervals were calculated for each independent variable in the regression. Statistical significance was designated at the p ≤ 0.05 level. A total of 212 patients were followed during the period of 1994 to 1997, including 141 immediate and 71 delayed reconstructions. The study population consisted of 49 expander/implant, 102 pedicle TRAM flap, and 61 free TRAM flap reconstruction patients. The analysis showed a significant association between procedure type and patient satisfaction. TRAM flap patients (both free and pedicle) appeared to have significantly greater general and aesthetic satisfaction compared with expander/implant patients (p = 0.03 and 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, pedicle TRAM flap patients were more aesthetically satisfied than those with free TRAM flaps (p = 0.072). The other independent variables of age and procedure timing did not appear to significantly affect either general or aesthetic satisfaction. However, preoperative physical activity was positively correlated with general satisfaction at the p = 0.034 level. The choice of procedure seems to have a significant effect on both aesthetic and general patient satisfaction with breast reconstruction. In this study, autogenous tissue reconstructions produced higher levels of patient aesthetic and general satisfaction compared with implant techniques. Pedicle and free TRAM flap patients do not seem to differ significantly in general satisfaction. However, women receiving pedicle TRAM flaps reported greater aesthetic satisfaction compared with patients undergoing free TRAM flaps. Furthermore, patient age and procedure timing may not have an effect on patient satisfaction with breast reconstruction. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 106: 769, 2000.)

Curriculum Integration Positions and Practices in Art Education

2000-01-01

Don Krug , Nurit Cohen-Evron

The Northern Jeu-parti

2019-05-15

Daniel E. O’Sullivan

The Development of Conservation and Differentiation of Number

1966-01-01

Herbert Zimiles

The Programs of the Royal Funerary Complexes of the Fourth Dynasty

1995-01-01

Zahi Hawass

The Sung Dynasty and its precursors, 907-1279

2009-01-01

Denis Twitchett , Paul J. Smith

The Sung Dynasty and its precursors, 907-1279 Paul Jakov Smith 1. The Five Dynasties Naomi Standen 2. The Southern Kingdoms between the T'ang and the Sung 907-79 Hugh R. Clark … The Sung Dynasty and its precursors, 907-1279 Paul Jakov Smith 1. The Five Dynasties Naomi Standen 2. The Southern Kingdoms between the T'ang and the Sung 907-79 Hugh R. Clark 3. Founding and consolidation of the Sung Dynasty under T'ai-tsu (960-76), T'ai-tsung (976-97), and Chen-tsung (997-1022) Lau Nap-yin and Huang K'uan-chung 4. The reigns of Jen-tsung (1022-63) and Ying-tsung (1063-7) Michael McGrath 5. Shen-Tsung's reign and the new policies of Wang An-Shih, 1067-85 Paul Jakov Smith 6. Che-Tsung's reign (1085-1100) and the Age of Faction Ari Daniel Levine 7. The reigns of Hui-Tsung (1100-26) and Ch'in-Tsung (1126-7) and the fall of the Northern Sung Ari Daniel Levine 8. The move to the South and the reign of Kao-tsung (1127-62) Tao Jing-shen 9. The reign of Hsiao-tsung (1162-89) Gong Wei Ai 10. The reigns of Kuang-tsung (1189-94) and Ning-tsung (1194-1224) Richard L. Davis 11. The reign of Li-tsung (1225-64) Richard L. Davis 12. The reign of Tu-tsung (1264-74) and his successors to 1279 Richard L. Davis.

Effects of Curing on Chloride Ingress and Implications on Service Life

2002-01-01

R.D. Hooton , Mette Rica Geiker , Evan C. Bentz

First Name is required invalid characters Last Name is required invalid characters Email Address is required Invalid Email Address Invalid Email Address First Name is required invalid characters Last Name is required invalid characters Email Address is required Invalid Email Address Invalid Email Address

A Study on the Creation of Cultural Products Image of Intangible Cultural Heritage Using Generative Artificial Intelligence : Based on the Chinese craft Cloisonne using Stable Diffusion and Midjourney

2025-06-26

Ziyang Wu , Ji-Sung Song | korea soc pub des

As an intangible cultural heritage of China, Cloisonne embodies rich historical and cultural significance alongside unique artistic value. However, rapid modernization has led to a growing disconnection in traditional crafts, … As an intangible cultural heritage of China, Cloisonne embodies rich historical and cultural significance alongside unique artistic value. However, rapid modernization has led to a growing disconnection in traditional crafts, posing challenges for both preservation and innovation. This study explores innovative visual image generation methods using generative AI technologies—specifically Stable Diffusion and Midjourney—to design and create cultural product images inspired by Cloisonne. Employing literature review, design practice and expert evaluation, the research covers generative AI tools, concepts of intangible cultural heritage and cultural goods, and new approaches to digitalization and design practice. Experimentally, a Cloisonne knowledge graph was constructed as a theoretical basis, followed by building and training a LoRA model. Stable Diffusion was then used to generate visual images of Cloisonne cultural products, which were further refined with Midjourney. Results demonstrate that these AI tools effectively produce creative and artistic cultural product visuals, revitalizing Cloisonne with fresh vitality and innovation, while advancing the digital preservation and modernization of intangible cultural heritage.

A Study of Martial Arts in Korea’s National Examination System During the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties for Mugwa (武科制度)

2025-06-23

Cindy Park | The International Journal of the History of Sport

A Study on the 1499 Buddhist Woodblocks for Printing Within the Sagan Panjeon Book Storage at Haeinsa Temple in Hapcheon

2025-06-20

Yoojin Jung | Misulsa Yeongu Journal of Art History

Production of the Gamnodo Painting at Unheungsa Temple in 1730 and the Reorganization of the Buddhist Painter Community

2025-06-20

Kyung-Hee Ryu | The Art History Journal

A Study on the History of Unheungsa Temple and the Architecture of Daeungjeon Hall in Goseong

2025-06-20

Shinyoung Sohn | The Art History Journal

A Comprehensive Study on the Buddhas of the Three Ages in the Daeungjeon Hall and the Kṣitigarbha and Ten Kings Statues in the Myeongbujeon Hall of Unheungsa Temple, Goseong ― Works by Saek-nan(1683)

2025-06-20

Myung Dae Moon | The Art History Journal

The Work of Uigyeom: Characteristics of the Painting of the Three Buddhas at Unheungsa Temple in Goseong

2025-06-20

Heesook Ahn | The Art History Journal

The Creation and Significance of Auspicious Animal Paintings for Court Use as Seen Through the Lion Painting in the Gyotaejeon Hall of Gyeongbokgung Palace

2025-06-20

Jeongyeon Bae | Misulsa Yeongu Journal of Art History

A Study on the “Yeongsanhoi Banner Paintings” by Uigyeom at Unheung-sa Temple in Goseong

2025-06-20

Seung Hee Koh | The Art History Journal

A Study on the Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara Painting by Ui-gyeom(1730) at Unheungsa Temple, Goseong

2025-06-20

Myung Dae Moon | The Art History Journal

A STUDY ON THE TRENDS IN THE TYPES AND PARTS OF USE OF FACTORY-MADE CONCRETE PRODUCTS FROM 1960 TO 1979

2025-06-19

Rinako KAMEDA , Sumiko EBARA | AIJ Journal of Technology and Design

A Study on ESG of TV Drama Storytelling : Focus on 'Strange Lawyer Woo Young-woo'

2025-06-13

Myeong-Suk Park | The Jounal of Cultural Exchange

Image Editing Paradigm for Clothing Fashion Customization

2025-06-13

Shiguo Lian , Zhaoxiang Liu | CRC Press eBooks

Virtual Try-On-Enhancing Fashion Exploration for Gen-Z

2025-06-12

Iban Hussain | International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology

Virtual Try- On( VTON) is a fleetly arising technology designed to digitally fantasize how garments might appear when worn by individualities, therefore transubstantiating traditional fashion and retail gests . This … Virtual Try- On( VTON) is a fleetly arising technology designed to digitally fantasize how garments might appear when worn by individualities, therefore transubstantiating traditional fashion and retail gests . This check paper strictly explores colorful state- of- the- art ways employed in VTON systems, primarily fastening on image- grounded, 3D- grounded, and coldblooded approaches. originally, the paper introduces abecedarian generalities of virtual pass- on systems, tracing their literal progression and applicability within ultramoderne-commerce and fashion diligence. It totally categorizes methodologies into distinct groups, pressing introducing approaches similar as screwing styles, generative inimical networks( GAN), and advanced 3D garment simulation ways. The paper further emphasizes pivotal technologies and datasets vital to VTON advancements, including GANs, mills, prolixity models, and benchmarking datasets like DeepFashion and VITON. In addressing being limitations, this check underscores critical challenges similar as achieving photorealistic picture, effectively handling occlusions and different mortal acts, icing real- time processing, and generalizing across colorful fabric textures and garment styles. also, recent inventions and their counteraccusations on marketable and real- time operations are completely bandied. Eventually, the paper delineates unborn exploration directions aimed at enhancing system literalism, scalability, personalization, and integration of arising generative AI methodologies, pressing the significant eventuality for uninterrupted invention and operation in the digital retail geography.

A Reexamination of the Joseon Dynastys Fangna System from a regional and national perspective

2025-06-11

Yuzhen Zhao | Advances in Humanities Research

The fangna system was a distinctive phenomenon of the Joseon Dynasty in which fangna agents substituted farmers in delivering tribute goods, effectively becoming intermediaries responsible for collecting tributes on behalf … The fangna system was a distinctive phenomenon of the Joseon Dynasty in which fangna agents substituted farmers in delivering tribute goods, effectively becoming intermediaries responsible for collecting tributes on behalf of the ruling elite. Initially devised under the broader gongna (tribute-collection) system to alleviate the burden on farmers and facilitate tribute collection by local officials, the fangna mechanism was intended to offer convenience to both the people and the government. However, due to inherent flaws within the gongna system, the abuses of the fangna system intensified over time. It ultimately increased the burden on farmers, undermined state tax revenue, and gave rise to collusion between officials and merchants, bureaucratic corruption, and a widespread societal pursuit of profit at the expense of ethics. In response to these issues, the Joseon court proposed a range of countermeasures: legally punishing fangna behavior, gradually reforming the corve and tribute systems, emulating Chinese institutional models, streamlining administrative procedures by implementing direct government collection and delivery of tributes, and eliminating intermediaries. These efforts yielded certain results, contributing positively to increased fiscal revenue and the development of handicrafts and a commodity-money economy. Nonetheless, in the later stages, the negative side effects of these measures became increasingly evident and even showed signs of resurgence. To prevent a revival of the fangna problem, reform-minded scholars of the Joseon Dynasty presented new countermeasures to the king, including policies such as local production for local tribute and the monetization of taxes. These reforms reflected a shift toward the Ming Dynastys yitiaobianfa (Single Whip Law), under which various taxes were unified and converted into silver payments. Based on a thorough examination of the causes of fangna abuses and the corresponding solutions, this paper provides a micro-level historical reconstruction of the fangna phenomenon. By comparing it with Chinas yitiaobianfa, the study reveals the influence of Chinese institutional models on the evolution of Joseons tribute and labor systems. On a macro level, the paper compares Eastern and Western power structures, focusing first on the relationship between the sovereign and local agentsnamely, the dynamic between royal authority and the bureaucratic classand second on the collusion between officials and merchants, a distorted fusion of power and economy evident in the fangna phenomenon. The paper seeks to explore the manifestations and underlying causes of such phenomena in traditional Eastern and Western societies.

Korea’s Art World in History & Society

2025-05-31

상인 전 | Korean Journal of Sociology

Cheondogyo in Namwon Area Based on Kim Dong-gyu’s Donated Relics

2025-05-31

Joohyun Sung | Donghak nongmin hyeongmyeong yeongu (Online)

A Reexamination of the Commercially Publication of Woodblock-printed Sodaeseongjeon in the Seoul Area

2025-05-31

Yi Jiang | The Society Of Korean Literature

Until now, variations in the woodblock-printed Sodaeseongjeon have primarily been examined in terms of the reduction in the number of folios, focusing only on a transformation in a single direction-toward … Until now, variations in the woodblock-printed Sodaeseongjeon have primarily been examined in terms of the reduction in the number of folios, focusing only on a transformation in a single direction-toward fewer physical leaves. As a result, there has been insufficient explanation for cases where versions with fewer folios actually contain longer or more numerous sentences. This paper re-examines the patterns of variation in the woodblock-printed Sodaeseongjeon by comparing the narrative volume and distribution based on character count across the 36-folio, 24-folio, 23-folio, and 20-folio editions, and by conducting sentence-by-sentence comparisons between the 36- and 23-folio versions, as well as between the 24- and 20-folio versions. First, a comparison of character counts per half-leaf shows that the 24-folio edition contains less narrative content than the 20-folio edition, and that in the 20-folio edition, even though the number of characters per half-leaf decreases in sections up to folio 11, the total narrative volume actually increases. Furthermore, a comparison of character counts by narrative segment reveals that the 20-folio edition includes more characters than the 36-folio edition in parts such as “Reliance on Cheongnyong Temple” and “The Invasion by the Barbarian King,” and that the 36-folio edition shows a relatively balanced distribution between the former and latter halves of the text. Next, to more precisely identify how the text changed across versions, sentence-level comparisons were made between the 23- and 36-folio editions, as well as between the 24- and 20-folio editions. These comparisons revealed that the added lines in the 20-folio edition resemble those in the 36-folio edition, particularly in their tendency to include more concrete descriptions, frequent use of conventional phrases, and the presence of passages that appear inconsistent with the narrative context. Based on these findings, it is inferred that the added lines in the 36-folio edition may have been intended to cater to a wider range of reader preferences.

A Study on Structural Characteristics of Modular Textiles Using 3D Printing Technology

2025-05-31

Jeehyun Kil | Journal of Digital Contents Society

A Study of the 『EojeongHeumhyulJeonchik (御定欽恤典則)』 during King Jeongjo’s Reign: Focusing on the 〈GonjeJeolmok(棍制節目)〉

2025-05-31

Young-Hun Cho | The Journal for the Studies of Korean History

The Historical Debate and Compilation of Sedae-pyeonnyeon-jeolyo 世代編年節要 of Min Ji(1248~1326) in Late Goryeo Period

2025-05-31

Sung-Hwan Kim | The Journal for the Studies of Korean History

The Political Status of Baekga during the Reign of King Dongseong of Baekje and the Background of the King's Assassination

2025-05-31

Kil-nam Baek | Institute of History and Culture Hankuk University of Foreign Studies

Baek Ga emerged as a newly prominent aristocratic figure during the reign of King Dongseong, notable for his appointment to the post of Wisa Jwapyeong(衛士佐平), the official in charge of … Baek Ga emerged as a newly prominent aristocratic figure during the reign of King Dongseong, notable for his appointment to the post of Wisa Jwapyeong(衛士佐平), the official in charge of the royal guards. Given the continuing political instability in the aftermath of King Munju’s assassination and the rebellion of Hae Gu, Baek Ga’s assumption of the responsibility for the king’s personal security indicates that he was both militarily competent and a powerful noble who enjoyed the king’s trust. After being appointed Wisa Jwapyeong in 486, Baek Ga retained the position for fifteen years. However, he was suddenly reassigned to Garim Fortress. This abrupt transfer is commonly understood as a consequence of Baek Ga’s resistance to King Dongseong’s political agenda—particularly his opposition to the king’s proposed relocation of the capital to Sabi. Since Baek Ga is presumed to have originated from the Woongjin region, his reassignment is widely interpreted as reflecting conflict over the relocation plan. Attention should be paid not only to this conflict but also to the significance of the position of Wisa Jwapyeong. This office was responsible for protecting the king in close proximity and shared military authority with the Byeonggwan Jwapyeong (Minister of Military Affairs). While the ultimate authority to appoint the Wisa Jwapyeong rested with the king, the position itself was typically held by a top-ranking noble, suggesting that broader aristocratic interests were also involved in such appointments. King Dongseong appears to have attempted a reorganization of Baekje’s military system through the adoption of Chinese-style command structures. Titles such as Yeonggun(領軍) found in the Nihon Shoki and Dojanggun(都將軍) mentioned in the Book of Southern Qi likely originated from designations used for imperial guard commanders during China’s Northern and Southern Dynasties. The concentrated appearance of such titles during King Dongseong’s reign indicates that he sought to establish and operate a personal royal guard using a Chinese-style military hierarchy. This policy orientation increasingly came into conflict with the role and authority of the Wisa Jwapyeong. In an apparent attempt to curtail Baek Ga’s influence, King Dongseong forcibly reassigned him to Garim Fortress, thereby removing him from the royal capital. Baek Ga’s transfer can be interpreted as a product of the king’s determination to implement reforms to the existing military system. However, this decision ultimately led to Baek Ga’s assassination of King Dongseong, which in turn created the opportunity for King Muryeong’s ascension to the throne.

A Study on Fashion Illustration Applying the Formative Characteristics of Coral

2025-05-31

Youn Sun Roh | The Treatise on The Plastic Media

Development of a Multidimensional Scale for Preparations for Old Age

2025-05-31

Jeongsoo Park | Journal of the Korean society for Wellness

Choi Gyun(최균), the Founder of the Sado Gongpa Lineage of the Jeonju Choi Clan, and Goryeo Metal Movable Type

2025-05-31

Woon-yong Shin | The Korea-Japan Historical Review

Re-examination of ‘Blood ties’ and ‘Hierarchies’ Represented in Clustered Burials in the Peripheral Areas of 4-6C Gyeongju, Silla

2025-05-31

Jungyoun Woo | Korean Ancient Historical Society

Until recently, 4-6C Silla burials in the peripheral areas of Gyeongju have been underresearched, despite the fact that those areas constituted the capital city of Silla, together with the central … Until recently, 4-6C Silla burials in the peripheral areas of Gyeongju have been underresearched, despite the fact that those areas constituted the capital city of Silla, together with the central area of Gyeongju. Under these circumstances, Choi (2021)’s comprehensive analysis of chronological and hierarchical relations of those burials from the peripheral areas as well as the central areas of Gyeongju are worthy of note. Nevertheless, in previous studies, including but not limited to Choi (ibid.)’s, a priori dichotomic and oppositional views of blood ties and hierarchies in ancient societies blocked political implications of blood ties in ancient societies from being properly discussed. In addition, Choi (ibid.) assumed, instead of analysing and demonstrating, the positive correlation and hierarchical relations between (1) grave goods, (2) grave size, (3) burial type, (4) grave type, and (5) burial enclosures. This study aims to shed light on subtle differences between burials and burial groups in the peripheral areas of Gyeongju, and unravel their social implications. For this purpose, eight cemeteries in the peripheral areas, where detailed information of more than thirty burials is available, is analysed. The focus is placed on any existing correlation between (1)~(5) burial attributes and their patterning in time and space. It reveals partial and contingent hierarchies between those five attributes. Analysis also shows that high-ranking attributes listed by Choi (2021) are by and large evenly distributed between different burial clusters. This evenness is impossible without careful monitoring and cross-referencing between different burial clusters. The possibility is suggested that this intentional practice was related to social strategies of ‘indirect control’ and ‘playing off one group against another’ employed by the central power in Gyeongju.

The Establishment of Naejeseokgung(Cheonjusa Temple) and the Plan for the Establishment of Donggung(Eastern Palace) during the Reign of King Jinpyeong of Silla

2025-05-31

Gilsik Kim | Korean Ancient Historical Society

Naejeseokgung(Cheonjusa) was a historic Buddhist temple founded during the reign of King Jinpyeong of Silla Dynasty, serving as a royal temple(naedorang). Archaeological evidence of its existence includes roof tiles bearing … Naejeseokgung(Cheonjusa) was a historic Buddhist temple founded during the reign of King Jinpyeong of Silla Dynasty, serving as a royal temple(naedorang). Archaeological evidence of its existence includes roof tiles bearing the inscription “Cheonju” and lotus-patterned eave-end tiles dating to the late 6th century, unearthed at the temple site. Additional finds- such as paired-bird motif tiles and floral brick decorations from the late 7th century-indicate that the temple was established early in King Jinpyeong’s reign and later underwent extensive renovations, coinciding with the construction and refurbishment of Wolji(Anapji Pond) and the Donggung(Eastern Palace). Cheonjusa was situated northeast of Wolseong Fortress and southeast of Wolji. The discovery of early Silla lotus-motif eave-end tiles, along with late Silla-style pottery from the temple’s initial land development layer, indicates that it was constructed not long after King Jinpyeong ascended the throne. Although located outside the main palace grounds, Cheonjusa functioned as a royal Buddhist temple. The designation “Naejesekgung,” meaning “Inner Palace of Śakra,” implies that the temple was intended to be associated with the future construction of the Donggung to its west. The alternate name “Cheonjusa” served a dual purpose: it reinforced the monarch’s divine authority—invoking the image of a heavenly pillar connecting heaven and earth— while also acknowledging the temple’s physical separation from the palace, which made the formal title “Naejesekgung” less immediately applicable in practical terms. Meanwhile, the Donggung and Wolji area was developed to the west of Cheonjusa through a second phase of land reclamation over previously marshy terrain. This phase involved the burial of earlier infrastructure from the initial land development associated with Cheonjusa's construction, followed by the establishment of new foundations for the Donggung complex, which was completed around 679 CE. This sequence of events suggests that the planning of the Donggung was initiated alongside the founding of Cheonjusa during King Jinpyeong’s reign, with the temple originally conceived as its future naedorang. Upon the completion of the Donggung in the late 7th century, Cheonjusa naturally assumed the role of its official temple, thereby solidifying its status as Naejesekgung. It has become clear that Cheonjusa Temple, established during the reign of King Jinpyeong, was conceived in tandem with plans for the future construction of the Donggung(Eastern Palace). The Donggung was part of a broader development initiative that began with the founding of Cheonjusa, which included the reclamation of low-lying wetlands to the west of the temple site. Through successive phases of land preparation and infrastructure expansion, major facilities were gradually added, culminating in the completion of the Donggung around 679 A.D. King Jinpyeong’s decision to locate Cheonjusa at the easternmost edge of the planned Donggung complex reflects a deliberate spatial and ideological vision rooted in Buddhist cosmology—particularly the faith in Śakra (Jeoseok) and the Western Pure Land. This symbolic placement embodied Śakra’s role in guarding the east while protecting the west, and echoed the Buddhist notion of transforming the western realm into a paradise. It conveyed the king’s aspiration to promote national prosperity and serve the people (heungguk wimin). Ultimately, this arrangement bolstered public trust and strengthened royal authority through the unifying power of religious and ideological symbolism.

A Study on the Establishment of Mahan and its Basic Culture

2025-05-31

Jongcheol Lee | Korean Ancient Historical Society

The purpose of this article is to examine the establishment of Mahan and its basic culture. The Mahan establishment period is a period that includes the process prior to its … The purpose of this article is to examine the establishment of Mahan and its basic culture. The Mahan establishment period is a period that includes the process prior to its complete formulation. I wanted to search for the period between the 5th century BC and the 2nd century BC, where Attached-rim pottery culture, Korean-style bronze dagger culture, and Songguk-ri type culture coexisted. The 5th century BC was the inflow period of the Attached-rim pottery culture and was understood as a period of adaptation and transformation for indigenization. The 4th~early 2nd century BC was understood as a period of indigenization while maintaining friendly relations with local powers. In particular, the 4th century BC is representative of heteromorphic(異形) bronze ware such as dagger sheath-shaped bronze ware and rough-patterned bronze mirrors, while the 3rd century BC is representative of fine-patterned bronze mirrors and bronze bells. In this process of indigenization, the Attached-rim pottery culture and the Songguk-ri type culture formed a friendly and convergent complex relationship. In addition, the Korean- style bronze ware culture was established and developed. And various burial cultures were formed based on relationships with local groups and external cultures. Beliefs and rituals also became indigenous. Since the reign of King Jun in the early 2nd century BC, the Mahan’s iron ware culture has become widespread. This shows the development of several or many Mahan societies distributed regionally. We can assume a territorial war, internal alliance network between various Mahans, and a check on the King Jun’s power group. It is believed that this background led to the extinction of King Jun’s power.

A Preliminary Archaeological Research to Market Exchange: Focusing on Scientific Analysis

2025-05-31

Hyunwoo Kim | Korean Ancient Historical Society

Archaeological artifacts were often objects of exchange in the past, making archaeology a crucial field for studying trade and economic systems. Recently, discussions in this field have expanded to explore … Archaeological artifacts were often objects of exchange in the past, making archaeology a crucial field for studying trade and economic systems. Recently, discussions in this field have expanded to explore the specific characteristics and significance of market exchange. This study focuses on scientific provenance analysis as a method for identifying market exchange, reviewing relevant theories and methodologies, and comparing case studies of ceramic provenance analysis. The findings indicate that the widespread distribution of ceramics, regardless of site characteristics or social hierarchy, suggests a strong correlation with market exchange. In particular, the distribution of Baekje Hanseong-style ceramics serves as significant evidence supporting the existence of market exchange. In contrast, ceramics excavated from fortress sites of Goguryeo and Unified Silla, despite their wide distribution, appear to reflect specialized distribution or redistribution systems related to administrative and military consumption. Furthermore, ceramics from general settlements exhibit a notably limited distribution range. Scientific provenance analysis not only helps identify production and consumption sites and reconstruct distribution networks but also serves as a valuable tool for understanding the nature and mechanisms of exchange. Notably, its potential to examine the existence of market exchange highlights its significance as a key methodological approach for interpreting the economic structures of past societies. However, as this study is limited to the distribution of ceramics as a single commodity, a more comprehensive investigation incorporating provenance analyses of various types of goods is necessary to achieve a more detailed understanding of past market exchange dynamics.

Goryeo Taejo Wang Geon and Seonggeosan(Cheonan) Cheonheungsa Temple

2025-05-30

Myeongjin Kim | The Journal of Korean Medieval History

Records and recognition of Hwang Hyeon's Honam(湖南) Righteous Army at the end of the Joseon Dynasty

2025-05-30

Eun Young Kim | Journal of School Social Work

The value and utilization of paintings from the Gangwon region in the late Joseon Dynasty - Focusing on landscape paintings

2025-05-30

Eun Young Hwang | The Kangwon Historical Review

Satisfaction of AI for Ghibli-Style Art: A Study on Perception, Acceptance, and Ethical Concerns

2025-05-30

Aniket Kumar | International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology

Artificial intelligence (AI) advances quickly and its use in creative fields raises considerable excitement, and a certain amount of anxiety. One of the most interesting ways AI is being used … Artificial intelligence (AI) advances quickly and its use in creative fields raises considerable excitement, and a certain amount of anxiety. One of the most interesting ways AI is being used today is in the generation of visual art resembling the specific creative aesthetic of Studio Ghibli - a renowned Japanese animation studio known for its emotional storylines, intricate and beautiful hand-drawn animation, and culturally grounded narratives. AI-generated Ghibli-style art is becoming popular, and has captured the imaginations and interests of a large number of individuals because of its technical accuracy and charming artistry; however, the use of AI-Ghibli art is also prompting substantial debates about authenticity, originality, and artistic intention. This research will seeks to dive into audience satisfaction and perception in these activities, with an essential focus on the nature of quality, emotion, and authenticity. By contrasting human-generated Ghibli art with AI-Ghibli style art, we are seeking to learn how impactive the appetite of the public will be for AI-Ghibli art as a legitimate creative force. For example, how does the audience's emotional response relate to AI/Ghibli style art versus, human initiated Ghibli style art, as well as the quality and connectedness to this type of artwork? Moreover, the ethical implications of these creative practices will be examined. Amongst these considerations are ideas concerning creative plagiarism, the devaluation of work produced by real artists, and the consideration that AI art, and particularly personal Ghibli style artwork, can be produced without respect to cultural appropriation and/or insensitivity. The results indicate a generational divide: younger individuals who have grown up using technology in their daily lives seem much more receptive to AI being used in a creative capacity, whereas older and traditionally trained artists responded with skepticism and concern. The study ends with a recommendation that the field must find ways to conduct AI activity transparently and ethically, and look for methods that ensure attribution. It stressed the importance of co-creating with technology and human endeavor to ensure that technology advances culture and the emotional quality of art, and does not distill it

Progression of Manho System and Manho’s Political Activities in Late Goryeo Period -A Diachronic Approach from King Chungnyeol to King Chunghye-

2025-05-30

Sung Su Kang | The Journal of Korean Medieval History

A study on the theory of feng shui and the symbol of royal relics in Cheonan-bu in the Goryeo Dynasty

2025-05-30

Jung-Soo Han | The Journal of Korean Medieval History

The Background and Meaning of the Formation of the Categories of ‘Hyang-Bugok(鄕部曲)’ and ‘Hyang-So-Bugok(鄕所部曲)’ in Goryeo Dynasty and the Early Period of Joseon Dynasty

2025-05-30

KyeongJin Yoon | The Journal of Korean Medieval History

A Comparative Study of Cultural Archetypes in Hollywood and Chinese Animation: Focusing on the Loong

2025-05-29

Hao Wang , Won‐Ho Choi | Asia-pacific Journal of Convergent Research Interchange

Sustainable Application and Evaluation of the Novel Stingray Model in Non-Heritage Packaging: The Case of Clay Sculptures in Joon County

2025-05-27

Qichao Song , Zhaoyi Bai | Applied Sciences

Generative tools often lack the guidance of scientific design methods in the design of non-heritage products. This study proposes a new Stingray model, which collects perceptual vocabularies of modeling and … Generative tools often lack the guidance of scientific design methods in the design of non-heritage products. This study proposes a new Stingray model, which collects perceptual vocabularies of modeling and other aspects by integrating the perceptual engineering method to clarify the design direction and establishes the design objectives by ranking the importance of the vocabularies using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) hierarchical analysis method. Taking the Joon County clay sculpture as an example, this study uses generative tools to achieve the innovation of packaging patterns, selects sustainable materials such as straw to complete the sustainable non-heritage packaging design, and verifies its feasibility using the TOPSIS method. The results show that the new Stingray model effectively integrates multiple design methods and solves the subjectivity and feasibility deficiencies of a single model. Meanwhile, the system-guided generative tool significantly improved design efficiency and simplified program adjustment. This study provides theoretical support for generative tools and opens a new path for the sustainable development of non-heritage packaging.

An Examination of the History and Current State of Jirai Kei in China and Japan

2025-05-23

Ruining Sun

"Jirai Onna" is a phrase that originated in Japanese anonymous forums and is most commonly used to denote a variety of women who are considered to be psychologically sub-healthy. However, … "Jirai Onna" is a phrase that originated in Japanese anonymous forums and is most commonly used to denote a variety of women who are considered to be psychologically sub-healthy. However, with changes in times and discourse environments, the meaning of the term has evolved based on social realities, developing different nuances. The term itself has also expanded its reach with the advancement of communication technologies, particularly forming a new youth subculture phenomenon in China. This article separately outlines the developmental history of "Jirai Onna" in both China and Japan, and provides a distinct summary of the developing history of "Jirai Onna" in both China and Japan. Finally, it provides a potential analysis of the factors that contribute to the disparities in the Landmine Girl culture that exist between China and Japan. The expectation is that this will be of use to researchers in the future who are investigating different young subculture organizations.

The Material and Textual Value of Manuscript and Print Binding Waste<sup>☆</sup>

2025-05-19

Tamara Atkin

Abstract In 2019, the Foundation of Christ's Hospital at Lincoln made a bequest of early printed books to the Bodleian Library. The collection is rich in sixteenth‐century tooled bindings, many … Abstract In 2019, the Foundation of Christ's Hospital at Lincoln made a bequest of early printed books to the Bodleian Library. The collection is rich in sixteenth‐century tooled bindings, many of which preserve manuscript and printed waste in the form of pastedowns, endleaves and endleaf guards. Using this collection as a case study, this article explores the interactions between manuscript and print in the bindings of sixteenth‐century books. Today, we understand ‘waste’ to mean ‘refuse matter’ (OED, ‘waste, n .’, III.11.a.), that is, material which, no longer fit for purpose, has been consigned to the scrapheap. In the early modern period, waste paper and parchment were not ‘unserviceable materials’ or ‘useless by‐products’, but rather material commodities fit for a variety of secondary uses, which included the binding of other books. However, rather than simply looking backwards from these surviving scraps in an attempt to reconstruct what has been lost, in this article, I propose that the printed and manuscript fragments that mingle in the bindings of early modern books are generative, focusing ideas about ‘the book’ as both immaterial, ideal and whole as well as material, real and susceptible to destruction and decay.

The Development and Evolution of Chinese Iron Painting Craftsmanship

2025-05-18

Yucheng Ding , Watanapun Krutasaen

Background and Aim: Chinese iron painting originated during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, representing the fusion of traditional iron-smelting techniques and Chinese painting, with a long-standing history and … Background and Aim: Chinese iron painting originated during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, representing the fusion of traditional iron-smelting techniques and Chinese painting, with a long-standing history and craftsmanship value. This paper systematically explores the development and evolution of Chinese iron painting techniques, analyzing the characteristics of craftsmanship, innovations in techniques, and changes in artistic expression across different historical periods. Materials and Methods: By reviewing the literature, conducting field investigations, and interviewing experts, this paper traces the transformation of Chinese iron painting techniques from traditional handicrafts to modern innovative forms, revealing its evolution from a singular method to multiple crafting techniques within changing socio-cultural contexts. Results: The results indicate that with the advancement of technology, Chinese iron painting has transitioned from rough manual labor to refined craftsmanship, and from collaborative production to individual craftsmanship, with significant emphasis on the update of tools and equipment. Conclusion: The future development of Chinese iron painting heritage requires the introduction of new tools and equipment, combining machine and manual techniques to improve production efficiency, promoting high-quality development.