Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry

Dye analysis and toxicity

Works Count: 43651

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This cluster of papers focuses on the analysis, safety, and regulatory aspects of synthetic food colorants, including their determination in various food products using techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical sensors. The papers also discuss the health safety issues, genotoxic effects, and regulatory reviews related to artificial food colors.

Keywords

Food Colorants; Synthetic Dyes; High-Performance Liquid Chromatography; Health Safety; Toxicity Assessment; Electrochemical Sensor; Genotoxic Effect; Regulatory Review; Artificial Food Colors; Adverse Effects

Fine structures of capillary and endocapillary layer as revealed by ruthenium red.

1966-11-01

Luft Jh

Analytical Chemistry of Foods

1995-01-01

C. S. James

A METHOD FOR THE RAPID DETERMINATION OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE WITH FIVE CUBIC MILLIMETERS OF SERUM

1946-07-01

Otto A. Bessey , Oliver H. Lowry , Mary Brock

The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes

1978-01-01

K. Venkataraman

Autoxidation in Food and Biological Systems

1980-01-01

Michael G. Simic , Marcus Karel

Autoxidation and Antioxidants

1965-01-01

W. O. Lundberg

Textile Organic Dyes – Characteristics, Polluting Effects and Separation/Elimination Procedures from Industrial Effluents – A Critical Overview

2012-02-24

Carmen Zaharia , Suteu Daniel

VII ResumenEfecto de la síntesis de nanopartículas de MnO2 e inmovilización de lacasas sobre fibras de pseudotallo de plátano para la degradación del colorante Carmín de Índigo Los colorantes sintéticos … VII ResumenEfecto de la síntesis de nanopartículas de MnO2 e inmovilización de lacasas sobre fibras de pseudotallo de plátano para la degradación del colorante Carmín de Índigo Los colorantes sintéticos se han convertido en una problemática ambiental con graves consecuencias en las fuentes hídricas, en la fauna de los ríos y en la salud pública, esto a raíz de la deficiente disposición de las soluciones coloreadas.Con el fin de brindar alternativas a los procesos de tratamiento, se usaron fibras vegetales extraídas del pseudotallo de plátano como soporte para la inmovilización por adsorción de lacasas y para la síntesis de nanopartículas de MnO2 con el fin de determinar la efectividad en la remoción de colorante índigo carmín.En la primera fase, se realizó un pretratamiento enzimático sobre la fibra y mediante el uso KMnO4 como precursor se obtuvo la síntesis de nanopartículas sobre las fibras de plátano que en contacto con el colorante logran una remoción del 98% en 5 minutos, después se evaluó la reutilización de la fibra funcionalizada.La siguiente fase fue la inmovilización de la enzima lacasa sobre fibras pretratadas mecánica y enzimáticamente, los resultados determinaron degradación del 98% índigo carmín con una dosis mínima de lacasa inmovilizada cuando el colorante estuvo en contacto con la fibra por 4h.Finalmente se realizó una

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Health safety issues of synthetic food colorants

2015-09-25

Petra Amchová , Hana Kotolová , Jana Kučerová

SELENIUM AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF FACTOR 3 AGAINST DIETARY NECROTIC LIVER DEGENERATION

1957-06-01

Klaus Schwarz , Calvin M. Foltz

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSELENIUM AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF FACTOR 3 AGAINST DIETARY NECROTIC LIVER DEGENERATIONKlaus Schwarz and Calvin M. FoltzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 12, 3292–3293Publication … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSELENIUM AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF FACTOR 3 AGAINST DIETARY NECROTIC LIVER DEGENERATIONKlaus Schwarz and Calvin M. FoltzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 12, 3292–3293Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01569a087https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01569a087research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1637Altmetric-Citations1334LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Removal of the hazardous dye—Tartrazine by photodegradation on titanium dioxide surface

2011-04-15

Vinod Kumar Gupta , Rajeev Jain , Arunima Nayak +2 more

Chlorophyll d as a major pigment

1996-10-01

Hideaki Miyashita , Hisato Ikemoto , Norihide Kurano +3 more

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Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Forty-first report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.

1993-01-01

Joint Fao

Predicting azo dye toxicity

1993-01-01

Mark A. Brown , Stephen C. De Vito

Abstract Literature regrading azo dye carcinogenicity was examined to establish, if possible, guidelines to predict the human health risks of new azo dyes. Three different mechanisms for azo dye carcinogenicity … Abstract Literature regrading azo dye carcinogenicity was examined to establish, if possible, guidelines to predict the human health risks of new azo dyes. Three different mechanisms for azo dye carcinogenicity were identified, all involving metabolic activation to reactive electrophilic intermediates that covalently bind DNA. In the order of decreasing number of published references, these mechanisms are Azo dyes that are toxic only after reduction and cleavage of the azo linkage to give aromatic amines, mostly via intestinal anaerobic bacteria. The aromatic amines are met‐abolically oxidized to reactive electrophilic species that covalently bind DNA. Azo dyes with structures containing free aromatic amine groups that can be meta‐bolically oxidized without azo reduction. Azo dyes that may be activated via direct oxidation of the azo linkage to highly reactive electrophilic diazonium salts. Each mechanism may be compound specific, thus azo toxicity is probably caused by more than one mechanism. Although i...

Aromatic amines from azo dye reduction: status review with emphasis on direct UV spectrophotometric detection in textile industry wastewaters

2003-12-04

H.M. Pinheiro , Evelyne Touraud , Olivier P. Thomas

Removal of dyes using agricultural waste as low-cost adsorbents: a review

2013-07-16

K. Bharathi , S. T. Ramesh

Color removal from wastewater has been a matter of concern, both in the aesthetic sense and health point of view. Color removal from textile effluents on a continuous industrial scale … Color removal from wastewater has been a matter of concern, both in the aesthetic sense and health point of view. Color removal from textile effluents on a continuous industrial scale has been given much attention in the last few years, not only because of its potential toxicity, but also mainly due to its visibility problem. There have been various promising techniques for the removal of dyes from wastewater. However, the effectiveness of adsorption for dye removal from wastewater has made it an ideal alternative to other expensive treatment methods. In this review, an extensive list of sorbent literature has been compiled. The review evaluates different agricultural waste materials as low-cost adsorbents for the removal of dyes from wastewater. The review also outlines some of the fundamental principles of dye adsorption on to adsorbents.

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A Method for the Colorimetric Determination of Phosphorus

1944-11-03

James B. Sumner

A method is described for the colorimetric determination of phosphorus, using ferrous sulfate as a reducing agent. I wish to express my gratitude to the Rockefeller Foundation for financial assistance. A method is described for the colorimetric determination of phosphorus, using ferrous sulfate as a reducing agent. I wish to express my gratitude to the Rockefeller Foundation for financial assistance.

The comet assay with 8 mouse organs: results with 39 currently used food additives

2002-08-01

Yū F. Sasaki , Satomi Kawaguchi , Asako Kamaya +5 more

The Reduction of Azo Dyes by the Intestinal Microflora

1992-01-01

King-Thorn Chung , S. Edward Stevens , Carl E. Cerniglia

Azo dyes are widely used in the textile, printing, paper manufacturing, pharmaceutical, and food industries and also in research laboratories. When these compounds either inadvertently or by design enter the … Azo dyes are widely used in the textile, printing, paper manufacturing, pharmaceutical, and food industries and also in research laboratories. When these compounds either inadvertently or by design enter the body through ingestion, they are metabolized to aromatic amines by intestinal microorganisms. Reductive enzymes in the liver can also catalyze the reductive cleavage of the azo linkage to produce aromatic amines. However, evidence indicates that the intestinal microbial azoreductase may be more important than the liver enzymes in azo reduction.The azoreductase activity in a variety of intestinal preparations was affected by various dietary factors such as cellulose, proteins, fibers, antibiotics, or supplementation with live cultures of lactobacilli.In this article, we examine the significance of the capacity of intestinal bacteria to reduce azo dyes and the conditions of azo reduction. Many azo dyes, such as Acid Yellow, Amaranth, Azodisalicylate, Chicago Sky Blue, Congo Red, Direct Black 38, Direct Blue 6, Direct Blue 15, Direct Brown 95, Fast Yellow, Lithol Red, Methyl Orange, Methyl Red, Methyl Yellow, Naphthalene Fast Orange 2G, Neoprontosil, New Coccine, Orange II, Phenylazo-2-naphthol, Ponceau 3R, Ponceau SX, Red 2G, Red 10B, Salicylazosulphapyridine, Sunset Yellow, Tartrazine, and Trypan Blue, are included in this article.A wide variety of anaerobic bacteria isolated from caecal or fecal contents from experimental animals and humans have the ability to cleave the azo linkage(s) to produce aromatic amines. Azoreductase(s) catalyze these reactions and have been found to be oxygen sensitive and to require flavins for optimal activity.

A review on chemical coagulation/flocculation technologies for removal of colour from textile wastewaters

2011-10-11

Akshaya Kumar Verma , Rajesh Roshan Dash , Puspendu Bhunia

Use of rice husk for the adsorption of congo red from aqueous solution in column mode

2007-08-14

Runping Han , Dandan Ding , Yanfang Xu +4 more

Textile dyeing industry an environmental hazard

2012-01-01

Rita Kant

Color is the main attraction of any fabric. No matter how excellent its constitution, if unsuitably colored it is bound to be a failure as a commercial fabric. Manufacture and … Color is the main attraction of any fabric. No matter how excellent its constitution, if unsuitably colored it is bound to be a failure as a commercial fabric. Manufacture and use of synthetic dyes for fabric dyeing has therefore become a massive industry today. In fact the art of applying color to fabric has been known to mankind since 3500 BC. WH Perkins in 1856 discovered the use of synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes have provided a wide range of colorfast, bright hues. However their toxic nature has become a cause of grave concern to environmentalists. Use of synthetic dyes has an adverse effect on all forms of life. Presence of sulphur, naphthol, vat dyes, nitrates, acetic acid, soaps, enzymes chromium compounds and heavy metals like copper, arsenic, lead, cad- mium, mercury, nickel, and cobalt and certain auxiliary chemicals all collectively make the textile effluent highly toxic. Other harmful chemicals present in the water may be formaldehyde based dye fixing agents, chlorinated stain removers, hydro carbon based softeners, non bio degradable dyeing chemicals. These organic materials react with many disinfectants especially chlorine and form by products (DBP’S) that are often carcinogenic and therefore undesirable. Many of these show allergic reactions. The colloidal matter present along with colors and oily scum increases the turbidity, gives the water a bad appearance and foul smell and prevents the penetration of sunlight necessary for the process of photosynthesis. This in turn interferes with the Oxygen transfer mechanism at air water interface which in turn interferes with marine life and self purification process of water. This effluent if allowed to flow in the fields’ clogs the pores of the soil resulting in loss of soil productivity. If allowed to flow in drains and rivers it effects the quality of drinking water in hand pumps making it unfit for human consumption. It is important to remove these pollutants from the waste waters before their final disposal.

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The colour of cooked cured pork. I.—Estimation of the Nitric oxide‐Haem Pigments

1956-08-01

H. C. Hornsey

Abstract A simple and rapid method is described for extracting and measuring the nitric oxide‐haem pigments present in cooked cured meat. Selective extraction as a nitric oxide‐haem‐acetone complex is achieved … Abstract A simple and rapid method is described for extracting and measuring the nitric oxide‐haem pigments present in cooked cured meat. Selective extraction as a nitric oxide‐haem‐acetone complex is achieved by the use of an acetone/water solvent. Other meat pigments are not extracted under the conditions used. The acetone/water ratio is shown to be critical, maximum extraction being obtained with a ratio of 4: 1, due allowance being made for the moisture present in the meat. After filtration, the optical density is measured spectrophotometrically. With the inclusion of hydrochloric acid in the solvent, the method can be adapted to measure the total pigments present.

Determination of Total Monomeric Anthocyanin Pigment Content of Fruit Juices, Beverages, Natural Colorants, and Wines by the pH Differential Method: Collaborative Study

2005-09-01

Jungmin Lee , Robert W. Durst , Ronald E. Wrolstad +7 more

This collaborative study was conducted to determine the total monomeric anthocyanin concentration by the pH differential method, which is a rapid and simple spectrophotometric method based on the anthocyanin structural … This collaborative study was conducted to determine the total monomeric anthocyanin concentration by the pH differential method, which is a rapid and simple spectrophotometric method based on the anthocyanin structural transformation that occurs with a change in pH (colored at pH 1.0 and colorless at pH 4.5). Eleven collaborators representing commercial laboratories, academic institutions, and government laboratories participated. Seven Youden pair materials representing fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines were tested. The repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) varied from 1.06 to 4.16%. The reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) ranged from 2.69 to 10.12%. The HorRat values were < or = 1.33 for all materials. The Study Director recommends that the method be adopted Official First Action.

An improved procedure using ferricyanide for detecting catalase isozymes

1971-11-01

W. Woodbury , Allen K. Spencer , Mark A. Stahmann

Food colorants: Anthocyanins

1989-01-01

F. J. Francis , Pericles Markakis

Interest in food colorants as shown by the number of patents has doubled in recent years with natural pigments outnumbering synthetics by five to one. The natural colorant area can … Interest in food colorants as shown by the number of patents has doubled in recent years with natural pigments outnumbering synthetics by five to one. The natural colorant area can be subdivided into anthocyanins, betalains, chlorophylls, carotenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, Monascus, hemes, quinones, biliproteins, safflower, turmeric, and miscellaneous. All involve different groups of chemical compounds which may be used directly as colorants, or may be chemically modified to produce different hues or increased stability. All usually involve a method of collection, extraction, purification, possibly stabilization, and formulation. A variety of hues can be obtained ranging from green through yellow, orange, red, blue, and violet, depending on the source of colorant. Similarly, water or oil‐soluble formulations can be prepared depending on the type of colorant.

A review of Maillard reaction in food and implications to kinetic modelling

2000-09-01

Sara I.F.S. Martins , W.M.F. Jongen , M.A.J.S. van Boekel

Colour Measurement and Analysis in Fresh and Processed Foods: A Review

2012-05-10

Pankaj B. Pathare , Umezuruike Linus Opara , Fahad Al-Julanda Al-Said

Catalase: Physical and chemical properties, mechanism of catalysis, and physiological role.

1970-07-01

A. B. Deisseroth , Alexander L. Dounce

TAURINE: BIOLOGICAL UPDATE

1986-06-01

Charles E. Wright , Harris H. Tallan , Yong Y. Lin +1 more

Metabolisme. Role en nutrition et dans la retinite pigmentaire. Role biologique antioxydant, detoxifiant, protection des membranes Metabolisme. Role en nutrition et dans la retinite pigmentaire. Role biologique antioxydant, detoxifiant, protection des membranes

Water Activity: Influences on Food Quality

1981-01-01

Louis B. Rockland , George F. Stewart

Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants

2011-01-01

Joint Fao

Properties of Water in Foods

1985-01-01

D. Simatos , J. L. Multon

Azo dyes and human health: A review

2016-09-16

King‐Thom Chung

Synthetic azo dyes are widely used in industries. Gerhardt Domagk discovered that the antimicrobial effect of red azo dye Prontosil was caused by the reductively cleaved (azo reduction) product sulfanilamide. … Synthetic azo dyes are widely used in industries. Gerhardt Domagk discovered that the antimicrobial effect of red azo dye Prontosil was caused by the reductively cleaved (azo reduction) product sulfanilamide. The significance of azo reduction is thus revealed. Azo reduction can be accomplished by human intestinal microflora, skin microflora, environmental microorganisms, to a lesser extent by human liver azoreductase, and by nonbiological means. Some azo dyes can be carcinogenic without being cleaved into aromatic amines. However, the carcinogenicity of many azo dyes is due to their cleaved product such as benzidine. Benzidine induces various human and animal tumors. Another azo dye component, p-phenylenediamine, is a contact allergen. Many azo dyes and their reductively cleaved products as well as chemically related aromatic amines are reported to affect human health, causing allergies and other human maladies.

Color Chemistry: Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Organic Dyes and Pigments

1989-01-01

Heinrich Zollinger

Flavins and Flavoproteins

1977-04-01

Philip J. Geary

Elucidation of mechanism involved in adsorption of Pb(II) onto lobeira fruit (Solanum lycocarpum) using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms

2017-11-20

Cleide Sandra Tavares Araújo , Ione L. S. Almeida , Hélen C. Rezende +3 more

Synthetic organic dyes as contaminants of the aquatic environment and their implications for ecosystems: A review

2020-02-10

Angelika Tkaczyk‐Wlizło , Kamila Mitrowska , Andrzej Posyniak

Ecotoxicological and health concerns of persistent coloring pollutants of textile industry wastewater and treatment approaches for environmental safety

2021-01-02

Roop Kishor , Diane Purchase , Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale +5 more

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Assay of catalase and peroxidase

1995-01-01

B Chance

Catalase

1974-01-01

H. Aebi

Encyclopedia of Food Chemistry

2018-12-23

Toxicants Occurring Naturally in Foods

1973-01-01

National Research Council

Methylene blue dye: Toxicity and potential elimination technology from wastewater

2022-09-30

Peter Olusakin Oladoye , Timothy O. Ajiboye , Elizabeth Oyinkansola Omotola +1 more

One of the popular cationic dyes that is environmentally persistent, toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic is methylene blue (MB) dye. It is commonly applied as synthetic dye for dyeing fabrics in … One of the popular cationic dyes that is environmentally persistent, toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic is methylene blue (MB) dye. It is commonly applied as synthetic dye for dyeing fabrics in clothing and textile industries and also for dyeing papers and leathers. Sequel to the magnitude of industrial usage, a large volume of methylene blue dye containing wastewater is discharged into groundwater and surface water. At doses more than 5 mk/kg, the monoamine oxidate inhibitory characteristics of MB dye can induce fatal serotonin toxicity in human, apart from being a threat to fauna in aquatic ecosystem. Thus, it is highly imperative to eliminate MB dye from wastewaters. A number of different removal strategies have been reported in literature for treating methylene blue dye wastewater. In this state-of-the-art review, about 240 review and/or research published articles on methods for methylene blue dye wastewater decontamination or decontamination strategies were chosen for evaluation. This synthesis also discussed the various toxicities linked to MB dye. The assessment of elimination methods revealed that chemical removal methods (photochemical and non-photochemical) could generate secondary pollutants while biological methods are characterized with sensitivity of enzyme to pH. These drawbacks limit their industrial full-scale applications while adsorption technology was found to offer merits over others. The review comprehensively discussed each of these techniques while gaps and/or areas for future research are highlighted.

The chemical analysis of foods

1925-10-01

Handbook of Natural Colorants

2009-04-17

Thomas Bechtold , Rita Mussak

List of Contributors. Series Preface. Preface. Part I Historical Aspects. 1 History of Natural Dyes in the Ancient Mediterranean World (Maria J. Melo). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Ancient Reds. 1.3 Ancient … List of Contributors. Series Preface. Preface. Part I Historical Aspects. 1 History of Natural Dyes in the Ancient Mediterranean World (Maria J. Melo). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Ancient Reds. 1.3 Ancient Blues. 1.4 Ancient Purple (Tyrian Purple). 1.5 Ancient Yellows. Acknowledgement. References. 2 Colours in Civilizations of the World and Natural Colorants: History under Tension (Dominique Cardon). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 The Triumph of Mauvein: Synthetic Fulfilment of the Antique Purplemania. 2.3 Blue: from Kingly Regional to Globally Democratic. 2.4 Red and Yellow: from Micro to Macro Scales. 2.5 What Future for Natural Colorants in the Dawning Era of Renewable Resources? Acknowledgement. References. 3 History of Natural Dyes in North Africa 'Egypt' (Harby Ezzeldeen Ahmed). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Natural Dyes in Pharaonic Textiles. 3.3 Dyeing Techniques. 3.4 Dye Sources. 3.5 Dyeing in Coptic Textiles. 3.6 Wool Dyed Fabric with Natural Dye. 3.7 Dyes in Islamic Textiles. 3.8 Mordants. References. Part II Regional Aspects of Availability of Plant Sources. 4 Dye Plants in Europe (Andrea Biertumpfel and Gunter Wurl). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Potential European Dye Plants. 4.3 Cultivation of Dye Plants Yesterday and Now. 4.4 Modern Cultivation Methods for Important European Dye Plants. 4.5 Production of Dye Extracts. 4.6 Relevant Examples for the Application. 4.7 Conclusions, Discussion and Summary. References. 5 Dyes in South America (Veridiana Vera de Rosso and Adriana Zerlotti Mercadante). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Annatto. 5.3 Turmeric. 5.4 Marigold. 5.5 Cochineal and Carmine. Acknowledgements. References. 6 Natural Dyes in Eastern Asia (Vietnam and Neighbouring Countries) (Hoang Thi Linh). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Annatto (Botanical Name Bixa orellana L., Family Bixaceae). 6.3 Tea (Botanical Name Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Family Theaceae). 6.4 Umbrella Tree (Botanical Name Terminalia catappa L., Family Combretaceae). 6.5 Diospyros mollis Mackloeur (Botanical Name Diospyros mollis L. Griff, Family Ebenaceae). 6.6 Indigo (Botanical Name Indigofera L., Family Fabaceae). 6.7 Henna (kok khan, or khao youak in Laos) (Botanical Name Lawsonia spinosa L., Family Lythraceae). 6.8 Nacre (Botanical Name Khaya senegalensis, Family Meliaceae). 6.9 Sappan Wood (Botanical Name Caesalpinia sappan L., Family Fabaceae). 6.10 Sophora japonica Flowers (Botanical Name Sophora japonica L., Family Leguminosae). 6.11 Turmeric (Botanical Name Curcuma longa L., Family Zingiberaceae). 6.12 Sapodilla (Botanical Name Manilkara zapota L. or Achras zapota Family Sapotaceae). 6.13 Betel (Botanical Name Piper betle L., Family Piperaceae). 6.14 Eucalyptus (Botanical Name Eucalyptus, Family Myrtaceae). 6.15 Caesalpinia Yellow (Botanical Name Caesalpinia pulcherrima L., Family Fabaceae). 6.16 Brow-tuber (Botanical Name Dioscorea cirrhosa Lour, Family Dioscoreaceae). Part III Colorant Production and Properties. 7 Indigo Agricultural Aspects (Philip John and Luciana Gabriella Angelini). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Isatis. 7.3 Persicaria (Polygonum). 7.4 Indigofera. Acknowledgements. References. 8 Indigo Extraction (Philip John). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Methods of Determining Indigo. 8.3 Precursors in the Plants and Indigo Formation. 8.4 Extraction Procedures. 8.5 Purity of Natural Indigo. Acknowledgements. References. 9 Anthocyanins: Nature's Glamorous Palette (Maria J. Melo, Fernando Pina and Claude Andary). 9.1 Chemical Basis. 9.2 Natural Sources for Anthocyanins. 9.3 Applications. 9.4 Examples of Commercial Products and Processing. References. 10 Natural Colorants Quinoid, Naphthoquinoid and Anthraquinoid Dyes (Thomas Bechtold). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Benzoquinone Dyes. 10.3 Naphthoquinone Dyes. 10.4 Anthraquinone Dyes. 10.5 Other Sources of Anthraquinoid Dyes. References. 11 Dyes from Lichens and Mushrooms (Riikka Raisanen). 11.1 Use of Lichen and Mushroom Dyes in the Past. 11.2 Cultivation of Lichens and Mushrooms. 11.3 Dyestuffs in Lichens and Mushrooms. 11.4 Colour-fastness of Lichen and Mushroom Dyes. 11.5 New Approaches to Lichen and Fungal Natural Dyes. References. 12 Tannins and Tannin Agents (Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto and Hely Haggman). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Chemical Structure, Biosynthesis and Degradation. 12.3 Properties of Tannins. 12.4 Chemical Activities of Tannins. 12.5 Analysis of Tannins. 12.6 Use, Toxicology and Safety Aspects of Tannins. References. 13 Carotenoid Dyes Properties (U. Gamage Chandrika). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Properties and Functions of Carotenoids. 13.3 General Procedure for Carotenoid Analysis. 13.4 Problems in Carotenoid Analysis. References. 14 Carotenoid Dyes Production (U. Gamage Chandrika). 14.1 Factors Influencing Carotenoid Composition in Plant Sources. References. 15 Chlorophylls (Ursula Maria Lanfer Marquez and Daniela Borrmann). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Chlorophylls as Colorants. 15.3 Other Applications of Chlorophylls and their Derivatives. 15.4 Chemical Structures and Physicochemical Properties. 15.5 Stability and Analysis. 15.6 Sources, Storage and Handling. 15.7 Purity, Standardization and Quality Control. 15.8 Toxicological and Safety Aspects. References. Part IV Application in Technical Use and Consumer Products. 16 Flavonoids as Natural Pigments (M. Monica Giusti and Taylor C. Wallace). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Role of Localized Flavonoids in the Plant. 16.3 General Flavonoid Chemical Structure. 16.4 Biosynthesis of Flavonoids. 16.5 Anthocyanins as Natural Colorants. 16.6 Other Flavonoids as Natural Colorants. 16.7 Therapeutic Effects of Flavonoids in the Diet. 16.8 Regulations on the Use of Flavonoid Colorants. References. 17 Application of Natural Dyes in the Coloration of Wood (Martin Weigl, Andreas Kandelbauer, Christian Hansmann,Johannes Pockl, Ulrich Muller and Michael Grabner). 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Coatings. 17.3 Dyes. 17.4 Color Modification. 17.5 Outlook. References. 18 Natural Colorants in Textile Dyeing (Rita A. M. Mussak and Thomas Bechtold). 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 Reasons for Natural Coloration. 18.3 Analysis of a Dyeing Process. 18.4 Basics of Natural Dyeings. 18.5 Natural Dyes on an Industrial Scale. 18.6 Conclusion. Acknowledgment. References. 19 Natural Colorants in Hair Dyeing (Thomas Bechtold). 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Human Hair. 19.3 General Requirements on Hair Dyeing Concepts. 19.4 Chemical Principles of Dyestuff Binding. 19.5 Relevant Natural Dyes for Hair Dyeing. 19.6 Specialities. 19.7 Regulations. References. Part V Environmental. 20 Environmental Aspects and Sustainability (Erika Ganglberger). 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Supply of Plant Material. 20.3 Processing to Dyestuff. 20.4 Application of Colouring Matter. 20.5 Considerations Concerning the Life Cycle. 20.6 Conclusion. References. 21 Economic Aspects of Natural Dyes (Susanne Geissler). 21.1 Introduction. 21.2 Basic Requirements for the Industrial Use of Natural Colorants. 21.3 Challenges for the Industrial Use of Natural Colorants. 21.4 Consumer Expectations. 21.5 Production Costs of Natural Colorant Products. 21.6 Closed-Loop Economy: Towards a Zero-Emission and Zero-Waste Society. 21.7 Conclusion: Aspects Influencing Market Development for Natural Colorants. References. Index.

Insights Into the Inhibitory Activity and Mechanism of Food Colorants Tartrazine and Sunset Yellow on Xanthine Oxidase by Multiple Spectroscopic Techniques and Molecular Docking

2025-06-25

Jiaying Ma , Xiaoyue Dong , Lu Wang +5 more | Food Biophysics

Cannabis Sativa L. Leaves Powder as an Effective Biosorbent for the Elimination of Precarious Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solution

2025-06-25

Salma Gul , Nadeem Raza , Sana Gul +6 more | Water Air & Soil Pollution

Mechanistic Insights into Vegetable Color Stability: Discoloration Pathways and Emerging Protective Strategies

2025-06-24

Jianing Zhang , Junjun Zhang , Lidan Zhang +2 more | Foods

During processing and storage, vegetables often experience undesirable color changes, including fading, lightening, or yellowing and softening, due to browning (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) and chlorophyll degradation. These changes diminish commercial … During processing and storage, vegetables often experience undesirable color changes, including fading, lightening, or yellowing and softening, due to browning (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) and chlorophyll degradation. These changes diminish commercial and nutritional value. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain vegetable color and improve the quality of vegetable-based dishes. To address these issues, it is a scientific and practical necessity to summarize and discuss existing strategies and innovative techniques. This review first highlights the mechanisms of vegetable browning. This review then provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in methods for color preservation, focusing on underlying mechanisms and techniques for inhibiting color changes from physical, chemical, and biological perspectives. A review of innovative technologies suggests that effective color preservation in vegetables is achieved by inhibiting the conditions that lead to three unfavorable color change reactions: enzymatic browning, non-enzymatic browning, and chlorophyll degradation. Current research frequently employs combined approaches that integrate two or more techniques to mitigate these adverse color changes. Moreover, most of these methods could simultaneously inhibit the three reaction processes. Future research directions are proposed for in-depth investigations into the molecular mechanisms of color changes in vegetables and the impact of treatments on the nutritional value.

The Manufacture of Lake Pigments from Artificial Colours: Investigating Chemistry and Recipes in the First Book on Synthetic Dyes-Based Lakes

2025-06-24

Eva Eis , Adele Ferretti , Francesca Sabatini +4 more | Heritage

In 1900, Francis Herbert Jennison’s book The Manufacture of Lake Pigments from Artificial Colours was published in London. In the early 20th century, the technical literature focussing on synthetic dyes … In 1900, Francis Herbert Jennison’s book The Manufacture of Lake Pigments from Artificial Colours was published in London. In the early 20th century, the technical literature focussing on synthetic dyes mainly dealt with their use for dyeing. Conversely, the literature on lake pigment manufacture is less comprehensive, and Jennison’s publication was the first monograph on this topic. His book comprises descriptions of the dyes, substrates, and various methods for lake making. Practical examples complete the work: sixteen colour plates with original samples of lake pigments showcase the practical effect on colour of the different dyes and preparation methods. Herein, we present an overview of the context of Jennison’s research and delve into a selection of formulations. Green lake pigment plates were sampled and analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with spectroscopic and spectrometric detectors and by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to correlate the chemical composition with the recipes reported in the book. Seldom or no longer used and unexplored historical dyes were detected, along with polyphenolic compounds possibly used as precipitating agents in lake pigment formulations. Moreover, the examination of two different editions of the Jennison manuscript (i.e., the English and German books) revealed different chemical profiles corresponding to the same lake pigment formulation. This emphasizes the significance of Jennison’s book, confirming how understanding of early formulations is needed to elucidate the later ones.

Arsenic in Water and Food: Toxicity and Human Exposure

2025-06-24

Pierina Visciano | Foods

Arsenic is a human carcinogen present in drinking water and food, especially rice, rice products and seafood. It can be found in both organic and inorganic forms, the latter being … Arsenic is a human carcinogen present in drinking water and food, especially rice, rice products and seafood. It can be found in both organic and inorganic forms, the latter being the most toxic. In addition to the carcinogenic effect, exposure to inorganic arsenic can cause numerous disorders in different organs/systems of the human body, such as the skin, cardiovascular, neurological, endocrine, immune, and reproductive systems. The risk assessment associated with dietary arsenic is mainly based on the margin of exposure, i.e., the ratio between the dose at which a small but measurable adverse effect may occur and the estimated daily intake of the target substance. It is mainly influenced by arsenic concentrations and consumption data of average or 95th percentile consumers. This review focuses on the toxicity of arsenic, its sources and routes of human exposure, with particular attention to the ingestion of contaminated water and food, considering the differences between age groups and dietary habits.

Adsorption of Butylparaben and Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon Derived from Oak Bark

2025-06-24

Dorota Paluch , Robert Wolski , Aleksandra Bazan-Woźniak +1 more | Materials

This study presents the production of activated carbon through the direct physical activation of oak bark using carbon (IV) oxide. The activation process was conducted at three distinct temperatures of … This study presents the production of activated carbon through the direct physical activation of oak bark using carbon (IV) oxide. The activation process was conducted at three distinct temperatures of 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C. The activation time was 60 min. A comprehensive series of analytical procedures was performed on the resultant adsorbents. These included elemental analysis, determination of textural parameters, Boehm titration, pH determination of aqueous extracts, pHpzC0, assessment of ash content, and elemental and XPS analysis. Subsequently, adsorption tests for butyl paraben and methylene blue were carried out on the materials obtained. The total surface area of the sorbents ranged from 247 m2/g to 696 m2/g. The acid-based properties of the samples tested were examined, and the results indicated that the sorbents exhibited a distinct alkaline surface character. The sorption capacities of the tested samples for butylparaben ranged between 20 and 154 mg/g, while the capacities for methylene blue varied between 13 and 224 mg/g. The constants of the Langmuir and Freundlich models were determined for each of the impurities, as well as the thermodynamic parameters. The present study investigates the influence of contact time between adsorbent and adsorbate, in addition to the kinetics of the adsorption processes. The activated carbon samples obtained demonstrated satisfactory sorption capacities, with the material obtained at 900 °C exhibiting the best sorption capacities.

Investigation of Dye Adsorption on Thermally Activated Adsorbent Derived from Tamarindus Indica Leaves

2025-06-24

Ratan K. Saha , Heverton de Paula , MA Hashem +1 more | Journal of Engineering Science

In leather processing, dyeing is an essential operation in leather manufacturing to make the final leather attractive. The resulting dyeing effluent poses a significant threat to human health and the … In leather processing, dyeing is an essential operation in leather manufacturing to make the final leather attractive. The resulting dyeing effluent poses a significant threat to human health and the aquatic ecosystem. This study examines the feasibility of using thermally activated adsorbent derived from the Tamarindus indica leaves to remove the dye from dyeing effluent. The collected Tamarindus indica leaves were subjected to thermally activated at 350°C for two hours. Before and after use, the adsorbent was characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the dye adsorption capacity of the activated adsorbent from tannery dyeing wastewater. For maximum dye removal efficacy, several factors- adsorbent dose, pH, stirring time, and setting time are optimized. The results showed that the highest dye removal efficiency was achieved by the thermally activated Tamarindus indica leaves adsorbent 97.09% with an adsorbent of 0.75 g/25 mL wastewater, pH 4.8, stirring time 30 minutes, coagulant dose 0.3-g/25 mL wastewater, and 20 hours settling time. Moreover, the study reduced turbidity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels by 99.62%, 80.38%, and 43.70%, respectively. The research findings suggest that Tamarindus indica leaves-based activated adsorbent is promising for dye removal from tannery wastewater. Journal of Engineering Science 15(2), 2024, 105-112

Effective removal of stannous ions from aqueous solutions using mango peels: adsorption performance and mechanistic visions

2025-06-23

Y. Abed , Ali Abed Salman , Salem Jawad Alhamd +3 more | International Journal of Environmental & Analytical Chemistry

Tekhnologicheskie i ehkspluatatsionnye svoistva kataforeznoi gruntovki

2025-06-21

Ivan Kol'cov , А. А. Ilyin , Valentina Miloslavskaya +1 more | From Chemistry Towards Technology Step-By-Step

Izucheno vliyanie razlichnykh dispergatorov na vremya dispergirovaniya pigmentnoi pasty kataforeznoi gruntovki i na nekotorye svoistva sformirovannogo pokrytiya. Pokazano, chto dispergator na osnove neionogennykh PAV (tetrametildetsindiola) v ehtilenglikole pozvolyaet dispergirovat' pigmenty … Izucheno vliyanie razlichnykh dispergatorov na vremya dispergirovaniya pigmentnoi pasty kataforeznoi gruntovki i na nekotorye svoistva sformirovannogo pokrytiya. Pokazano, chto dispergator na osnove neionogennykh PAV (tetrametildetsindiola) v ehtilenglikole pozvolyaet dispergirovat' pigmenty i napolniteli v vodnoi srede do trebuemoi stepeni dispersnosti chastits ~15 mkm (po grindometru) za minimal'noe vremya. Pri ispol'zovanii dannogo dispergatora nablyudayutsya nailuchshie svoistva pokrytiya.

Extraction, purification, biological effects and applications of acrosin: a review

2025-06-17

Ruiping Quan , Xiaolong Wu , Junjie Zhang +3 more | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Acrosin is a proteolytic enzyme in the sperm acrosome that can stimulate sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida, causing the fertilization of the oocyte. Its activity is a crucial indicator … Acrosin is a proteolytic enzyme in the sperm acrosome that can stimulate sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida, causing the fertilization of the oocyte. Its activity is a crucial indicator of the sperm’s fertilization ability, which is critical in mammalian and human reproduction. However, there exists a lack of a comprehensive review of acrosin. In this study, we compared the extraction methods of acrosin, including acid extraction, buffer extraction, and saline extraction. The main methods for purifying acrosin, such as ammonium sulfate precipitation, ultrafiltration, dialysis, gel filtration chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography, are reviewed. In addition, a detailed overview of the biological functions, inhibitors and applications of acrosin are outlined. This study provides methods for the extraction and purification of acrosin and some theoretical basis for the study of its properties. This provides a reference for further research on acrosin.

On the Fenton’s process for the treatment of effluents from the dyeing of agates containing Rhodamine B and ethanol

2025-06-17

Cassiano Rossi dos Santos , Augusto C. Rodrigues , Fernanda da Silva Vilasbôas +2 more | Discover Chemical Engineering

Synthesis of Antioxidant Nano Zero-Valent Iron Using FeCl2 and Leucaena leucocephala Leaves’ Aqueous Extract and the Nanomaterial’s Potential to Promote the Adsorption of Tartrazine and Nigrosine

2025-06-16

Fernanda Maria Policarpo Tonelli , Christopher Santos Silva , Geicielly da Costa Pinto +7 more | International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Synthetic dyes are commonly present in industrial wastewater and when discharged in water bodies without receiving a treatment capable of removing or destroying them, they turn into concerning water pollutants. … Synthetic dyes are commonly present in industrial wastewater and when discharged in water bodies without receiving a treatment capable of removing or destroying them, they turn into concerning water pollutants. These organic contaminants threaten living beings due to their toxicity, and some of them can even damage DNA. Consequently, in order to achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to develop eco-friendly tools that can efficiently manage this kind of pollution. In the present study the aqueous extract from the leaves of Leucaena leucocephala (an invasive plant species native to Mexico) was used to produce green nano zero-valent iron (nZVI). The nanomaterial was characterized (TEM, UV-vis, FTIR, SEM, EDS, XRD) and assayed regarding its antioxidant potential (DPPH test) and capacity to remediate the pollution caused by two dyes. It proved to be able to adsorb nigrosine (288.30 mg/g of nanomaterial) and tartrazine (342.50 mg/g of nanomaterial), and also displayed antioxidant activity (effective concentration to discolor 50% of the DPPH solution = 286.02 μg/mL). Therefore, the biogenic antioxidant nanoparticle proved also to be a possible nanotool to be applied to remediate water contamination caused by these synthetic dyes.

Study of safety of potash as a food additive

2025-06-16

Onuigbo Hyginus Ndubisi | Sokoto Journal of Medical Laboratory Science

Potash is an organic substance used by many communities of the world for different purposes. However, its safety has been very uncertain before now limiting its use by many communities … Potash is an organic substance used by many communities of the world for different purposes. However, its safety has been very uncertain before now limiting its use by many communities to achieve their desired culinary. We, therefore, conducted toxicological parity animal study to ascertain safety of this condiment in food preparations to clear the paranoid associated with its use. Pure commercial potash was used to carry out lethal dose (LD 50) test for acute toxicity on 12 healthy male Wistar rats in 2 phases. This was followed by parity biochemical investigations on liver, albumin, serum electrolytes and kidney profiles of 30 healthy male grouped Wistar rats after feeding the rats on different graded doses of potash in pure highly profiled commercial feed for 28 days for chronic toxicity. The highest dose of 500mg/kg body weight of potash was tolerated by the study animals and, therefore, there was no morbidity or mortality. The biochemical parameters investigated including liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP); Albumin; Serum Electrolytes (NA+, K+, CL-, HCO3-) and Kidney functions (Urea and Creatinine) were within established normal ranges of the parameters. The values obtained from the test groups of the animals did not deviate significantly from the values of the parity control study group (p<0.05). Potash, which is used for different purposes at a minimal dose has no deleterious effects on our study animals.

Silicic Acid/Indium Oxide Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode for the Detection and Quantification of Erythrosine B

2025-06-16

Devu Chandran , Sreelekshmi Premchanth Jyothi , Devika Vinod +2 more | Journal of The Electrochemical Society

Abstract Quality is an uncompensated parameter that determines the standard of living in this competitive world, especially regarding the food we eat. With an emphasis on the mutagenic, neurotoxic, and … Abstract Quality is an uncompensated parameter that determines the standard of living in this competitive world, especially regarding the food we eat. With an emphasis on the mutagenic, neurotoxic, and carcinogenic effects caused by the long-term intake of synthetic colors like erythrosine B, certain countries have outlawed their use, and others have restricted their concentration to ppm. We have developed a novel voltammetric sensor by modifying the surface of a pencil graphite electrode using indium oxide and silicic acid for the detection of synthetic food colorant erythrosine. Enhanced electrochemical performance combined with selectivity, cost-effectiveness, stability, and sensor versatility quantifies erythrosine B through differential pulse voltammetry. The first-ever use of a disposable pencil graphite electrode in the quantitative determination of erythrosine B is the highlight of the developed sensor, exhibiting linear concentration ranges 0.02 to 1 µM and 5 to 70 µM and a very low limit of detection of 3.5 nM. The fabricated sensor also exhibits a sensitivity of 70.32 µA/µM/cm2 towards irreversible oxidation of erythrosine B.

Absorption of heavy metals present in food/water containers with nucleotides in safe sustainable solvents

2025-06-14

Nidhi Sharma | Sustainable Chemistry for Climate Action

Metal ions complexes with an azo compound derived from 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole: spectrophotometric determination and antioxidant activity in spiked samples

2025-06-13

Shaimaa M Essa , Wisam H. Hoidy , Aseel M. Aljeboree +1 more | Pure and Applied Chemistry

Abstract An innovative ligand NTADBrP was employed for the first time in spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of Fe(III) and Ni(II) ions. Fe(III) and Ni(II) ions were complexed as … Abstract An innovative ligand NTADBrP was employed for the first time in spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of Fe(III) and Ni(II) ions. Fe(III) and Ni(II) ions were complexed as NTADBrP complexes and the maximum absorption was observed at 615 nm and 642 nm for Fe(III) and Ni(II) respectively. The linear ranges of Beer’s law for Fe(III) and Ni(II) were 2–50 ppm and 1–40 ppm respectively. The molar absorptivity of the complexes was 5.661 × 10 4 L mol −1 cm −1 and 4.707 × 10 4 L mol −1 cm −1 for Fe(III) and Ni(II) respectively. The reproducibility of the method for Fe(III) and Ni(II) showed good precision (RSD = 1.42 % and 1.10 % at 20 ppm) as well as accuracy (recovery = 99.0 %, 98.96 %). For the best concentration of the reagent (3.0 × 10 −4 M), the optimal pH for Fe(III) was 4, and 6 for Ni(II). Various metal ions were tested for their potential interference (Cr 3+ , Cu 2+ , Co 2+ , Hg 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Cd 2+ ) and found effectively masked by suitable masking agents. The method was applied successfully to the determination of iron in pharmaceutical samples using other standard methods for comparison. In addition, significant antioxidant activity against oxidative attack on plasmid DNA showed by NTADBrP.

Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue using Activated Carbon Derived from Waste Coffee Grounds

2025-06-13

| Malaysian Journal of Chemistry

Survey study on biofilm-forming bacteria contaminating Egyptian food products and controlling biofilm formation using natural products

2025-06-12

Hala A. Ammar | Bulletin of Faculty of Science Zagazig University

Agrochemicals in Costa Rica’s pineapple industry: A review of environmental and human health impacts

2025-06-12

Philipp Gorris , Maynor Alberto Vargas Vargas | Revista Académica Arjé

This article focuses on the environmental and human health impacts of agrochemicals used in the production of pineapples (Ananas comosus) in Costa Rica. The pineapple production process involves several stages … This article focuses on the environmental and human health impacts of agrochemicals used in the production of pineapples (Ananas comosus) in Costa Rica. The pineapple production process involves several stages from cultivation to packing. Different types of inputs, such as agrochemicals, machinery, fuels, electricity, and water are known to be used along this production process. While the climate impacts and solid agricultural waste management of pineapple production in Costa Rica have recently been studied, the environmental and human health impacts of agrochemicals in the production process remain underexplored. We address this gap by reviewing articles and reports from academic databases, scientific journals, government reports, and reputable organizations. The review is organized around the key themes of pesticide residue contamination, environmental impact, human health implications, and societal response. It identifies risks to non-target organisms, ecosystems, and human health from pineapple production across different regions in Costa Rica. The findings are discussed in the context of other pineapple-producing countries globally to highlight potential leverage points to make pineapple production in Costa Rica more sustainable and support human health. Hereby, this study provides an up-to-date insightful analysis of the implications of chemical pollution in Costa Rican pineapple production industry. The findings underscore the importance of adopting more sustainable practices to mitigate environmental and health risks associated with this economically crucial agricultural industry. Moreover, a better understanding of the complex dynamics between agricultural practices, environmental sustainability, and public health is imperative to develop and implement adequate policy measures. As of now, there is insufficient systematic data and knowledge on the application of chemical substances along the pineapple production chain, which has to be addressed in the near future.

Accurate Determination of 24 Water-Soluble Synthetic Colorants in Premade Cocktail Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection

2025-06-12

Kang Ma , Yiwen Zhang , Ting Wu | Beverages

A rapid, traceable, and highly sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous separation and quantification of 24 water-soluble synthetic colorants in premade cocktails, utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode … A rapid, traceable, and highly sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous separation and quantification of 24 water-soluble synthetic colorants in premade cocktails, utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (UPLC-DAD). The purity of each colorant was individually confirmed through multi-wavelength analysis. Chromatographic conditions, including mobile phase composition and gradient elution, were meticulously optimized, achieving the separation of the 24 colorants on a BEH C18 column using a linear gradient elution within 16 min. The mobile phase consisted of an ammonium acetate solution (100 mmol/L, pH 6.25) and a mixed organic solvent of methanol and acetonitrile (2:8, v/v). The method exhibited excellent linearity across the concentration range of 0.005–10 μg/mL, with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.66 to 27.78 μg/L for all 24 colorants. The method also demonstrated good precision (0.1–4.9%) at various concentration levels and recoveries ranging from 87.8% to 104.5% at spiked concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 μg/mL. A comparison with other published methods for colorant determination in food samples using HPLC-DAD and LC-MS (2014–2024) revealed that the proposed method offers superior performance in terms of the number of analytes detected, lower limits of detection, and reduced analytical time. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the analysis of colorants in premade cocktails from different sources.

Harnessing quince leaves for efficient safranin dye removal: A synergistic experimental and theoretical approach

2025-06-11

Osman Çaylak | Journal of Molecular Liquids

Functionalization of Powdered Walnut Shell with Acid Activation for Congo Red Dye Removal

2025-06-10

Abdulrahman Mohammed , Haneen Ahmed Khudhair | Petroleum Chemistry

Prenatal Tartrazine toxicity and the Possible Protective Role of Sesame Oil in Postnatal Development of the Liver of Albino Rats: Histological and Immunohistochemical Studies

2025-06-09

Abeer Fareed Abd El-Naeem , NOHA FOUDA | Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. D, Histology and Histochemistry

Adsorption of crystal violet using thiazolium ionic liquid-crosslinked alginate hydrogels: Modelling using Box-Behnken experimental design

2025-06-04

Merve Ceylan , Jülide Hızal , Emre Özer +2 more | International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Nicotine Content in Various Tobacco Grades by RP-HPLC

2025-06-02

Bose Babu N , V. H. Bhaskar , D Ramyasri. +5 more | Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy

A simple, precise, rapid, selective, and economic reversed phase high- performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the estimation of nicotine content in various tobacco grades … A simple, precise, rapid, selective, and economic reversed phase high- performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the estimation of nicotine content in various tobacco grades in laboratory prepared mixture on a Phenomenex C18 (250×4.6mm i.d) chromatographic column equilibrated with mobile phase containing Methanol/potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate buffer. Experimental conditions such as organic phase ratio, flow rate, selection of wavelength, etc. were critically studied and the optimum conditions were selected. Efficient chromatographic separation was achieved with mobile phase containing combination of Methanol & potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate buffer in ratio of 50:50v/v at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and eluent was monitored at 260 nm. The sample was injected by using a 20μl fixed loop, and the total run time was 6 min. The retention time for Nicotine was 2.797 min. The method was linear in the range of 25μg/ml to 125μg/ml for Nicotine. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of Nicotine in laboratory prepared mixtures. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Regression coefficient was 0.9996 with asymmetry of NMT 2 and percentage recovery was 99.70%. LOD and LOQ values were 0.41 and 1.23 respectively and method was found to be satisfactory also estimation of nicotine content in various tobacco grades was obtained. This validated HPLC procedure is economic, sensitive, user-friendly & less time consuming than other chromatographic procedures.

Rapid detection of aspartame in beverages using a molecularly imprinted polymer-based fluorescence sensor

2025-06-01

Huai-Peng Jia , Shuqing Xiong , Xinping Yu +3 more | Food Research International

All the Colors of the Rainbow: Synthetic Dyes in US Packaged Foods and Beverages in 2020

2025-06-01

Elizabeth Dunford , Thomas M. Galligan , Lindsey Smith Taillie +1 more | Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics