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Infant Health and Development

Works Count: 37130

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Description

This cluster of papers encompasses a wide range of studies related to infant crying, colic, and associated factors such as probiotics, maternal response, gastrointestinal disorders, regulatory problems, parenting stress, cry analysis, sleeping problems, and emotional responses. The research covers various aspects of infantile colic and its impact on infants, parents, and families.

Keywords

Infant Crying; Colic; Probiotics; Maternal Response; Gastrointestinal Disorders; Regulatory Problems; Parenting Stress; Cry Analysis; Sleeping Problems; Emotional Responses

PAROXYSMAL FUSSING IN INFANCY, SOMETIMES CALLED "COLIC"

1954-11-01

Morris A. Wessel , John C. Cobb , Edith B. Jackson +2 more

The literature on "infantile colic" or "paroxysmal fussing" is reviewed. The frequent occurrence of a regular evening fussy period in two groups of infants is reported as indicative that this … The literature on "infantile colic" or "paroxysmal fussing" is reviewed. The frequent occurrence of a regular evening fussy period in two groups of infants is reported as indicative that this is a normal physiological event of the first few weeks of life. The longitudinal records of 98 infants who were study subjects of the Yale Rooming-In Project were analyzed with respect to incidence, duration, and severity of "paroxysmal fussing." Forty-eight of the infants were classified as "fussy" and 50 as "contented." The "fussy" babies typically began to have their paroxysms in the second week of life and ceased to have them at about eight weeks. Almost all of them were more fussy in the evening hours than in the morning. The rationale of various methods of treatment is discussed. The "fussy" group was similar to the "contented" group as regards details of feeding, birth weight, weight gain, sex, educational level of the mother, and family history of allergy. Of the 48 "fussy" infants, family tension was judged to be an important contributing cause in 22 cases, allergy in six cases; both allergy and family tension together in nine cases; in 11 cases there was no apparent cause. "Paroxysmal fussing" or "infantile colic" is possibly one of the earliest somatic responses to the presence of tension in the environment. The particular degree to which any infant reacts is probably determined by constitutional factors.

Rhythms of dialogue in infancy: coordinated timing in development.

2001-01-01

J. Jaffe , Beatrice Beebe , S Feldstein +2 more

Although theories of early social development emphasize the advantage of mother-infant rhythmic coupling and bidirectional coordination, empirical demonstrations remain sparse. We therefore test the hypothesis that vocal rhythm coordination at … Although theories of early social development emphasize the advantage of mother-infant rhythmic coupling and bidirectional coordination, empirical demonstrations remain sparse. We therefore test the hypothesis that vocal rhythm coordination at age 4 months predicts attachment and cognition at age 12 months. Partner and site novelty were studied by recording mother-infant, stranger-infant, and mother-stranger face-to-face interactions in both home and laboratory sites for 88 4-month-old infants, for a total of 410 recordings. An automated dialogic coding scheme, appropriate to the nonperiodic rhythms of our data, implemented a systems concept of every action as jointly produced by both partners. Adult-infant coordination at age 4 months indeed predicted both outcomes at age 12 months, but midrange degree of mother-infant and stranger-infant coordination was optimal for attachment (Strange Situation), whereas high ("tight") stranger-infant coordination in the lab was optimal for cognition (Bayley Scales). Thus, high coordination can index more or less optimal outcomes, as a function of outcome measure, partner, and site. Bidirectional coordination patterns were salient in both attachment and cognition predictions. Comparison of mother-infant and stranger-infant interactions was particularly informative, suggesting the dynamics of infants' early differentiation from mothers. Stranger and infant showed different patterns of vocal rhythm activity level, were more bidirectional, accounted for 8 times more variance in Bayley scores, predicted attachment just as well as mother and infant, and revealed more varied contingency structures and a wider range of attachment outcomes. To explain why vocal timing measures at age 4 months predict outcomes at age 12 months, our dialogue model was construed as containing procedures for regulating the pragmatics of proto-conversation. The timing patterns of the 4-month-olds were seen as procedural or performance knowledge, and as precursors of various kinesic patterns in the outcomes of 12-month-olds. Thus, our work further defines a fundamental dyadic timing matrix--a system that guides the trajectory of relatedness, informing all relational theories of development.

Effect of a Probiotic Infant Formula on Infections in Child Care Centers: Comparison of Two Probiotic Agents

2005-01-01

Zvi Weizman , Ghaleb Asli , Ahmed Alsheikh

Objective. To investigate the effect of 2 different species of probiotics in preventing infections in infants attending child care centers. Methods. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was conducted from December … Objective. To investigate the effect of 2 different species of probiotics in preventing infections in infants attending child care centers. Methods. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was conducted from December 1, 2000, to September 30, 2002, at 14 child care centers in the Beer-Sheva area of Israel in healthy term infants 4 to 10 months old. Infants were assigned randomly to formula supplemented with Bifidobacterium lactis (BB-12), Lactobacillus reuteri (American Type Culture Collection 55730), or no probiotics. Duration of feeding, including follow-up, for each participant was 12 weeks. All infants were fed only the assigned formula and were not breastfed due to parental decision before recruitment to the study. Probiotic or prebiotic food products or supplements were not allowed. Main outcome measures were number of days and number of episodes with fever (&gt;38°C) and number of days and number of episodes with diarrhea or respiratory illness. Results. Participants (n = 201) were similar regarding gestational age, birth weight, gender, and previous breastfeeding. The controls (n = 60), compared with those fed B lactis (n = 73) or L reuteri (n = 68), had significantly more febrile episodes (mean [95% confidence interval]: 0.41 [0.28–0.54] vs 0.27 [0.17–0.37] vs 0.11 [0.04–0.18], respectively). The controls also had more diarrhea episodes (0.31 [0.22–0.40] vs 0.13 [0.05–0.21] vs 0.02 [0.01–0.05], respectively) and episodes of longer duration (0.59 [0.34–0.84] vs 0.37 [0.08–0.66] vs 0.15 [0.12–0.18] days, respectively). The L reuteri group, compared with BB-12 or controls, had a significant decrease of number of days with fever, clinic visits, child care absences, and antibiotic prescriptions. Rate and duration of respiratory illnesses did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions. Child care infants fed a formula supplemented with L reuteri or B lactis had fewer and shorter episodes of diarrhea, with no effect on respiratory illnesses. These effects were more prominent with L reuteri, which was also the only supplement to improve additional morbidity parameters.

Probiotics and prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides in the prevention of allergic diseases: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2006-10-24

Anna Kaarina Kukkonen , Erkki Savilahti , Tari Haahtela +5 more

Empathic distress in the newborn.

1976-03-01

Abraham Sagi , Martin L. Hoffman

Newborn's response to the cry of another infant.

1971-07-01

Marvin L. Simner

Psychobiotics: A Novel Class of Psychotropic

2013-06-10

Timothy G. Dinan , Catherine Stanton , John F. Cryan

Infant Crying and Maternal Responsiveness

1972-12-01

Silvia M. Bell , Mary D. Salter Ainsworth

BELL, SILVIA M., and AINSWORTH, MARY D. SALTER. Infant Crying and Maternal Responsiveness. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1972, 43, 1171-1190. This naturalistic, longitudinal study of 26 infant-mother pairs shows that consistency and … BELL, SILVIA M., and AINSWORTH, MARY D. SALTER. Infant Crying and Maternal Responsiveness. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1972, 43, 1171-1190. This naturalistic, longitudinal study of 26 infant-mother pairs shows that consistency and promptness of maternal response is associated with decline in frequency and duration of infant crying. By the end of the first year individual differences in crying reflect the history of maternal responsiveness rather than constitutional differences in infant irritability. Close physical contact is the most frequent maternal intervention and the most effective in terminating crying. Nevertheless, maternal effectiveness in terminating crying was found to be less powerful than promptness of response in reducing crying in subsequent months. Evidence suggests that whereas crying is expressive at first, it can later be a mode of communication directed specifically toward the mother. The development of noncrying modes of communication, as well as a decline in crying, is associated with maternal responsiveness to infant signals. The findings are discussed in an evolutionary context, and with reference to the popular belief that to respond to his cries spoils a baby.

Of Human Bonding: Newborns Prefer Their Mothers' Voices

1980-06-06

Anthony J. DeCasper , William P. Fifer

By sucking on a nonnutritive nipple in different ways, a newborn human could produce either its mother's voice or the voice of another female. Infants learned how to produce the … By sucking on a nonnutritive nipple in different ways, a newborn human could produce either its mother's voice or the voice of another female. Infants learned how to produce the mother's voice and produced it more often than the other voice. The neonate's preference for the maternal voice suggests that the period shortly after birth may be important for initiating infant bonding to the mother.

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SOUND FILM ANALYSIS OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR PATTERNS

1966-10-01

William Condon , William D. Ogston

SOUND FILM ANALYSIS OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR PATTERNS W. CONDON;W. OGSTON; The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease SOUND FILM ANALYSIS OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR PATTERNS W. CONDON;W. OGSTON; The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

Gut feelings: the emerging biology of gut–brain communication

2011-07-13

Erik Mayer

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Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children

1999-11-01

J A Vanderhoof , David B. Whitney , Dean L. Antonson +3 more

A Conceptual Model of Psychosomatic Illness in Children

1975-08-01

Salvador Minuchin

Linear and open systems (multiple feedback) models of psychosomatic illness in children are contrasted in terms of their implications for cause and treatment. An open systems family model is presented … Linear and open systems (multiple feedback) models of psychosomatic illness in children are contrasted in terms of their implications for cause and treatment. An open systems family model is presented that describes three necessary (but not independently sufficient) conditions for the development and maintenance of severe psychosomatic problems in children: (1) a certain type of family organization that encourages somatization; (2) involvement of the child in parental conflict; and (3) physiological vulnerability. Predisposition for psychosomatic illness, symptom choice, and maintenance are discussed within this conceptual framework. We report on family therapy strategies based on this model and the results of family treatment with 48 cases of "brittle" diabetes, psychosomatic asthma, and anorexia nervosa.

The behavioural states of the newborn infant (a review)

1974-08-01

H.F.R. Prechtl

Sleep and sleep ecology in the first 3 years: a web‐based study

2008-10-16

Avi Sadeh , Jodi A. Mindell , Kathryn Luedtke +1 more

Summary This study was designed to provide data on sleep patterns during the first 3 years, based on a large US–Canada Internet sample, to assess the prevalence of parental interventions … Summary This study was designed to provide data on sleep patterns during the first 3 years, based on a large US–Canada Internet sample, to assess the prevalence of parental interventions and related factors of infant sleep ecology and to evaluate the links between sleep ecology and sleep. Five thousand six parents completed a web‐based online questionnaire about their children, aged from birth to 36 months. The questionnaire included items pertaining to sleep patterns, sleep environment, sleep‐related parental interventions, sleep position, and demographic information. The results reflected clear sleep‐related developmental changes including a decrease in daytime sleep and total sleep time, as well as consolidation of sleep during the night, which was manifested in a decrease in night wakings and nocturnal wakefulness. Sleep ecology and parental behaviors significantly explained a portion of the variance in the child’s sleep patterns. Parental interventions that encourage independence and self‐soothing were associated with extended and more consolidated sleep, especially in comparison to more active interactions that were associated with shorter and more fragmented sleep. These findings provide parents and professionals reference data for assessing sleep in young children. Furthermore, the results provide information on specific ecological factors that are associated with increased risk for sleep problems.

Infant regulation of the vagal ?brake? predicts child behavior problems: A psychobiological model of social behavior

1996-12-01

Stephen W. Porges , Jane A. Doussard-Roosevelt , A. Lourdes Portales +1 more

Cardiac vagal tone is a construct that describes the functional relationship between the brainstem and the heart. Cardiac vagal tone is measured by quantifying the amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, … Cardiac vagal tone is a construct that describes the functional relationship between the brainstem and the heart. Cardiac vagal tone is measured by quantifying the amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, a component of heart rate variability reflecting the functional output of vagal pathways on the heart. Although there is an extensive literature evaluating baseline vagal tone and its relation to behavior, the relation between individual differences in the ability to regulate cardiac vagal tone and behavior has been theoretically vague. This article introduces a theoretical model to explain the relation between vagal tone during steady states and vagal reactivity (i.e., the vagal brake) in response to environmental challenges. Based upon the proposed model, it was hypothesized that infants who had difficulties in regulating the vagal brake (i.e., decreasing cardiac vagal tone) during social/attention tasks would have difficulties developing appropriate social interactions requiring reciprocal engagement and disengagement strategies. Data from 24 infants are presented. The findings support the model and demonstrate that infants with difficulties in decreasing vagal tone during a social/attention task at 9 months of age had significantly more behavioral problems at 3 years of age. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the brain

2012-09-24

Stephen M. Collins , Michael G. Surette , Přemysl Berčík

Measuring Emotions in Infants and Children

1982-11-01

Theodore Shapiro

The anxiolytic effect of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 involves vagal pathways for gut-brain communication

2011-10-11

Přemysl Berčík , A. J. Park , D. Sinclair +7 more

Background The probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 normalizes anxiety-like behavior and hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mice with infectious colitis. Using a model of chemical colitis we test whether … Background The probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 normalizes anxiety-like behavior and hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mice with infectious colitis. Using a model of chemical colitis we test whether the anxiolytic effect of B. longum involves vagal integrity, and changes in neural cell function. Methods Mice received dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 3%) in drinking water during three 1-week cycles. Bifidobacterium longum or placebo were gavaged daily during the last cycle. Some mice underwent subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Behavior was assessed by step-down test, inflammation by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and histology. BDNF mRNA was measured in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells after incubation with sera from B. longum- or placebo-treated mice. The effect of B. longum on myenteric neuron excitability was measured using intracellular microelectrodes. Key Results Chronic colitis was associated with anxiety-like behavior, which was absent in previously vagotomized mice. B. longum normalized behavior but had no effect on MPO activity or histological scores. Its anxiolytic effect was absent in mice with established anxiety that were vagotomized before the third DSS cycle. B. longum metabolites did not affect BDNF mRNA expression in SH-SY5Y cells but decreased excitability of enteric neurons. Conclusions & Inferences In this colitis model, anxiety-like behavior is vagally mediated. The anxiolytic effect of B. longum requires vagal integrity but does not involve gut immuno-modulation or production of BDNF by neuronal cells. As B. longum decreases excitability of enteric neurons, it may signal to the central nervous system by activating vagal pathways at the level of the enteric nervous system.

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Determinants of infant behavior

1964-10-01

June M. Dobbs

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV)

1995-08-01

Samuel B. Guzé

Childhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Neonate/Toddler

2016-05-01

Marc A. Benninga , Samuel Nurko , Christophe Fauré +3 more

Intranasal delivery of biologics to the central nervous system

2011-11-18

Jeffrey J. Lochhead , Robert G. Thorne

Newborns' Cry Melody Is Shaped by Their Native Language

2009-11-06

Birgit Mampe , Angela D. Friederici , Anne Christophe +1 more

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THE MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERAMENT IN 3–7 YEAR OLD CHILDREN

1978-07-01

Sean C. McDevitt , William B. Carey

Probiotic supplementation for the first 6 months of life fails to reduce the risk of atopic dermatitis and increases the risk of allergen sensitization in high-risk children: A randomized controlled trial

2007-01-01

A. Taylor , Janet A. Dunstan , Susan L. Prescott

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Effects of the probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis in the maternal separation model of depression

2010-08-07

Lieve Desbonnet , Lillian Garrett , Gerard Clarke +3 more

Pain expression in neonates: facial action and cry

1987-03-01

Ruth E. Grunau , Kenneth D. Craig

Pain expression in neonates instigated by heel-lance for blood sampling purposes was systematically described using measures of facial expression and cry and compared across sleep/waking states and sex. From gate-control … Pain expression in neonates instigated by heel-lance for blood sampling purposes was systematically described using measures of facial expression and cry and compared across sleep/waking states and sex. From gate-control theory it was hypothesized that pain behavior would vary with the ongoing functional state of the infant, rather than solely reflecting tissue insult. Awake-alert but inactive infants responded with the most facial activity, consistent with current views that infants in this state are most receptive to environmental stimulation. Infants in quiet sleep showed the least facial reaction and the longest latency to cry. Fundamental frequency of cry was not related to sleep/waking state. This suggested that findings from the cry literature on qualities of pain cry as a reflection of nervous system 'stress', in unwell newborns, do not generalize directly to healthy infants as a function of state. Sex differences were apparent in speed of response, with boys showing shorter time to cry and to display facial action following heel-lance. The findings of facial action variation across sleep/waking state were interpreted as indicating that the biological and behavioral context of pain events affects behavioral expression, even at the earliest time developmentally, before the opportunity for learned response patterns occurs. Issues raised by the study include the importance of using measurement techniques which are independent of preconceived categories of affective response.

Is Psychopathology Associated With the Timing of Pubertal Development?

1997-12-01

Julia A. Graber , Peter M. Lewinsohn , John R. Seeley +1 more

ObJective: This investigation tested whether the timing of pubertal development was associated with concurrent and prior experiences of psychopathology (symptoms and disorders) in adolescent boys and girls.Method: A large (N … ObJective: This investigation tested whether the timing of pubertal development was associated with concurrent and prior experiences of psychopathology (symptoms and disorders) in adolescent boys and girls.Method: A large (N = 1,709) community sample of high school students were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children as adapted for use in epidemiological studies.Adolescents also completed a questionnaire battery covering a range of psychosocial variables.Results: Analyses tested whether pubertal timing was associated with present and lifetime history of mental disorders, psychological symptoms, and psychosocial functioning.As hypothesized, early-maturing girls and late-maturing boys showed more evidence of psychopathology than other same-gender adolescents.Conclusions: Early-maturing girls had the poorest current and lifetime history of adjustment problems, indicating that this pattern of pubertal development merits attention by mental health providers and researchers.

Attachment, Exploration, and Separation: Illustrated by the Behavior of One-Year-Olds in a Strange Situation

1970-03-01

Mary D. Salter Ainsworth , Silvia M. Bell

cussed. As an illustration of these concepts, a study is reported of 56 white, middle-class infants, 49-51 weeks of age, in a strange situation. The presence of the mother was … cussed. As an illustration of these concepts, a study is reported of 56 white, middle-class infants, 49-51 weeks of age, in a strange situation. The presence of the mother was found to encourage exploratory behavior, her absence to depress exploration and to heighten attachment behaviors. In separation episodes such behaviors as crying and search increased. In reunion episodes proximity-seeking and contact-maintaining behaviors were heightened. In a substantial proportion of Ss, contact-resisting behaviors were also heightened in the reunion episodes, usually in conjunction with contactmaintaining behaviors, thus suggesting ambivalence. Some Ss also displayed proximity-avoiding behavior in relation to the mother in the reunion episodes. These findings are discussed in the context of relevant observational, clinical, and experimental studies of human and nonhuman primates, including studies of mother-child separation. In conclusion, it is urged that the concepts of attachment and attachment behavior be kept broad enough to comprehend the spectrum of the findings of this range of studies.

Maternal separation disrupts the integrity of the intestinal microflora in infant rhesus monkeys

1999-09-01

Michael T. Bailey , Christopher L. Coe

The integrity of the indigenous microflora of the intestines after maternal separation was investigated in infant rhesus monkeys to determine whether psychological stress may lead to an internal environment conducive … The integrity of the indigenous microflora of the intestines after maternal separation was investigated in infant rhesus monkeys to determine whether psychological stress may lead to an internal environment conducive to pathogen infection. The stability of the indigenous microflora were estimated by enumeration of total and gram-negative aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacterial species, specifically Lactobacilli, from coprocultures taken before and after maternal separation. In addition, behavioral and cortisol responses to separation were correlated to the microflora. A significant decrease in fecal bacteria, especially Lactobacilli, was evident on day 3 postseparation, with a return to baseline by the end of the week. The drop in the microflora was correlated with the display of stress-indicative behaviors, but not with cortisol secretion. In addition, infants who displayed numerous stress-indicative behaviors were more susceptible to opportunistic bacterial infection. These results suggest that strong emotional reactions to disruption of the mother-infant bond may increase vulnerability to disease.

Behavioral Treatment of Bedtime Problems and Night Wakings in Infants and Young Children

2006-10-01

Jodi A Mindell , Brett R. Kuhn , D Lewin +2 more

This paper reviews the evidence regarding the efficacy of behavioral treatments for bedtime problems and night wakings in young children. It is based on a review of 52 treatment studies … This paper reviews the evidence regarding the efficacy of behavioral treatments for bedtime problems and night wakings in young children. It is based on a review of 52 treatment studies by a task force appointed by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine to develop practice parameters on behavioral treatments for the clinical management of bedtime problems and night wakings in young children. The findings indicate that behavioral therapies produce reliable and durable changes. Across all studies, 94% report that behavioral interventions were efficacious, with over 80% of children treated demonstrating clinically significant improvement that was maintained for 3 to 6 months. In particular, empirical evidence from controlled group studies utilizing Sackett criteria for evidence-based treatment provides strong support for unmodifi ed extinction and preventive parent education. In addition, support is provided for graduated extinction, bedtime fading/positive routines, and scheduled awakenings. Additional research is needed to examine delivery methods of treatment, longer-term efficacy, and the role of pharmacological agents. Furthermore, pediatric sleep researchers are strongly encouraged to develop standardized diagnostic criteria and more objective measures, and to come to a consensus on critical outcome variables.

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Gaze Following in Human Infants Depends on Communicative Signals

2008-04-25

Atsushi Senju , Gergely Csibra

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Probiotics in the management of atopic eczema

2000-11-01

Erika Isolauri , Taina Arvola , Y. Sütas +2 more

Background Over the last two decades the incidence of allergic diseases has increased in industrialized countries, and consequently new approaches have to be explored. Objective The potential of probiotics to … Background Over the last two decades the incidence of allergic diseases has increased in industrialized countries, and consequently new approaches have to be explored. Objective The potential of probiotics to control allergic inflammation at an early age was assessed in a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled study. Methods A total of 27 infants, mean age 4.6 months, who manifested atopic eczema during exclusive breast‐feeding and who have had no exposure to any infant or substitute formula were weaned to probiotic‐supplemented, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb‐12 or Lactobacillus strain GG (ATCC 53103), extensively hydrolysed whey formulas or to the same formula without probiotics. The extent and severity of atopic eczema, the growth and nutrition of infants, and concentrations of circulating cytokines/chemokines and soluble cell surface adhesion molecules in serum and methyl‐histamine and eosinophilic protein X in urine were determined. Results The SCORAD score reflecting the extent and severity of atopic eczema was 16 (7–25) during breast‐feeding, median (interquartile range). After 2 months, a significant improvement in skin condition occurred in patients given probiotic‐supplemented formulas, as compared to the unsupplemented group; χ 2 = 12.27, P = 0.002. SCORAD decreased in the Bifidobacterium lactis Bb‐12 group to 0 (0–3.8), and in the Lactobacillus GG group to 1 (0.1–8.7), vs unsupplemented 13.4 (4.5–18.2), median (interquartile range), in parallel with a reduction in the concentration of soluble CD4 in serum and eosinophilic protein X in urine. Conclusion The results provide the first clinical demonstration of specific probiotic strains modifying the changes related to allergic inflammation. The data further indicate that probiotics may counteract inflammatory responses beyond the intestinal milieu. The combined effects of these probiotic strains will guide infants through the weaning period, when sensitization to newly encountered antigens is initiated. The probiotic approach may thus offer a new direction in the search for future foods for allergy treatment and prevention strategies.

Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial

2001-04-01

Marko Kalliomäki , Seppo Salminen , Heikki Arvilommi +3 more

Probiotics and prevention of atopic disease: 4-year follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial

2003-05-01

Marko Kalliomäki , Seppo Salminen , Tuija Poussa +2 more

Parenting and infant sleep

2009-07-24

Avi Sadeh , Liat Tikotzky , Anat Scher

Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders

1999-09-01

Andrée Rasquin‐Weber , Paul E. Hyman , Salvatore Cucchiara +4 more

This is the first attempt at defining criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. The decision-making process was as for adults and consisted of arriving at … This is the first attempt at defining criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. The decision-making process was as for adults and consisted of arriving at consensus, based on clinical experience. This paper is intended to be a quick reference. The classification system selected differs from the one used in the adult population in that it is organized according to main complaints instead of being organ-targeted. Because the child is still developing, some disorders such as toddler's diarrhea (or functional diarrhea) are linked to certain physiologic stages; others may result from behavioral responses to sphincter function acquisition such as fecal retention; others will only be recognizable after the child is cognitively mature enough to report the symptoms (e.g., dyspepsia). Infant regurgitation, rumination, and cyclic vomiting constitute the vomiting disorders. Abdominal pain disorders are classified as: functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional abdominal pain, abdominal migraine, and aerophagia. Disorders of defecation include: infant dyschezia, functional constipation, functional fecal retention, and functional non-retentive fecal soiling. Some disorders, such as IBS and dyspepsia and functional abdominal pain, are exact replications of the adult criteria because there are enough data to confirm that they represent specific and similar disorders in pediatrics. Other disorders not included in the pediatric classification, such as functional biliary disorders, do occur in children; however, existing data are insufficient to warrant including them at the present time. For these disorders, it is suggested that, for the time being, clinicians refer to the criteria established for the adult population.

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Early Dietary Intervention with a Mixture of Prebiotic Oligosaccharides Reduces the Incidence of Allergic Manifestations and Infections during the First Two Years of Life

2008-06-01

Sertaç Arslanoğlu , Guido E. Moro , Joachim Schmitt +3 more

TRANSFER OF ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN RATS BY MEANS OF LYMPH NODE CELLS

1960-01-01

Philip Y. Paterson

Transfer of allergic encephalomyelitis has been accomplished by injection of lymph node cells, obtained from donor rats sensitized to spinal cord, into recipient rats pretreated neonatally with normal rat spleen … Transfer of allergic encephalomyelitis has been accomplished by injection of lymph node cells, obtained from donor rats sensitized to spinal cord, into recipient rats pretreated neonatally with normal rat spleen cells. Transfer of the disease may be achieved most frequently when the recipients are pretreated with spleen cells of the prospective lymph node cell donors. These transfers are attributed to the use of recipients which have acquired immunological tolerance to donor lymph node cells, as a result of the spleen cell pretreatment, and in which, therefore, the donor cells can survive and function longer after transfer.

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The mode of delivery affects the diversity and colonization pattern of the gut microbiota during the first year of infants' life: a systematic review

2016-07-30

Erigene Rutayisire , Huang Kun , Yehao Liu +1 more

The human gut is the habitat for diverse and dynamic microbial ecosystem. The human microbiota plays a critical role in functions that sustain health and is a positive asset in … The human gut is the habitat for diverse and dynamic microbial ecosystem. The human microbiota plays a critical role in functions that sustain health and is a positive asset in host defenses. Establishment of the human intestinal microbiota during infancy may be influenced by multiple factors including delivery mode. Present review compiles existing evidences on the effect of delivery mode on the diversity and colonization pattern of infants gut microbiota. Two investigators searched for relevant scientific publications from four databases (Pubmed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science). The last search was performed on September 21, 2015, using key terms ((delivery mode OR caesarean delivery OR cesarean section OR vaginal delivery) AND (gut microbiota OR gut microbiome OR gut microflora OR intestinal microflora OR microbial diversity) AND (infants OR children)). All included studies described at least two types of gut microbiota in relation to delivery mode (caesarean section vs vaginal delivery) and used fecal samples to detect gut microbiota. Seven out of 652 retrieved studies met inclusion criteria, were included in systematic analysis. Caesarean Section (CS) was associated with both lower abundance and diversity of the phyala Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and higher abundance and diversity of the phylum Firmicute from birth to 3 months of life. At the colonization level, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides genera seems to be significantly more frequent in vaginally delivered infants compared with CS delivered. These infants were more colonized by the Clostridium, and Lactobacillus genera. From the reports, it is tempting to say that delivery mode has less effect on colonization and diversity of Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Lactobacillus genera from the age of 6 to 12 months of life. The diversity and colonization pattern of the gut microbiota were significantly associated to the mode of delivery during the first three months of life, however the observed significant differences disappears after 6 months of infants life. The healthy gut microbiota is considered to promote development and maturation of the immune system while abnormal gut is considered as the major cause of severe gastrointestinal infections during the infancy. Further studies should investigate the diversity and colonization levels of infant gut microbiota in relation to the mode of delivery and its broad impact on infants' health at each stage of life.

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Role of Lactobacillus reuteri in Human Health and Diseases

2018-04-19

Qinghui Mu , Vincent J. Tavella , Xin Luo

Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is a well-studied probiotic bacterium that can colonize a large number of mammals. In humans, L. reuteri is found in different body sites, including the gastrointestinal … Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is a well-studied probiotic bacterium that can colonize a large number of mammals. In humans, L. reuteri is found in different body sites, including the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, skin, and breast milk. The abundance of L. reuteri varies among different individuals. Several beneficial effects of L. reuteri have been noted. First, L. reuteri can produce antimicrobial molecules, such as organic acids, ethanol, and reuterin. Due to its antimicrobial activity, L. reuteri is able to inhibit the colonization of pathogenic microbes and remodel the commensal microbiota composition in the host. Second, L. reuteri can benefit the host immune system. For instance, some L. reuteri strains can reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while promoting regulatory T cell development and function. Third, bearing the ability to strengthen the intestinal barrier, the colonization of L. reuteri may decrease the microbial translocation from the gut lumen to the tissues. Microbial translocation across the intestinal epithelium has been hypothesized as an initiator of inflammation. Therefore, inflammatory diseases, including those located in the gut as well as in remote tissues, may be ameliorated by increasing the colonization of L. reuteri. Notably, the decrease in the abundance of L. reuteri in humans in the past decades is correlated with an increase in the incidences of inflammatory diseases over the same period of time. Direct supplementation or prebiotic modulation of L. reuteri may be an attractive preventive and/or therapeutic avenue against inflammatory diseases.

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Signaling inflammation across the gut-brain axis

2021-11-25

Gulistan Agirman , Kristie B. Yu , Elaine Y. Hsiao

The brain and gastrointestinal tract are critical sensory organs responsible for detecting, relaying, integrating, and responding to signals derived from the internal and external environment. At the interface of this … The brain and gastrointestinal tract are critical sensory organs responsible for detecting, relaying, integrating, and responding to signals derived from the internal and external environment. At the interface of this sensory function, immune cells in the intestines and brain consistently survey environmental factors, eliciting responses that inform on the physiological state of the body. Recent research reveals that cross-talk along the gut-brain axis regulates inflammatory nociception, inflammatory responses, and immune homeostasis. Here, we discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the signaling of inflammation across the gut-brain axis. We further highlight interactions between the gut and the brain in inflammation-associated diseases.

Determinants of Infant Behavior

1964-09-01

NULL AUTHOR_ID

Hypoallergenic Infant Formulas

2000-08-01

The American Academy of Pediatrics is committed to breastfeeding as the ideal source of nutrition for infants. For those infants who are formula-fed, either as a supplement to breastfeeding or … The American Academy of Pediatrics is committed to breastfeeding as the ideal source of nutrition for infants. For those infants who are formula-fed, either as a supplement to breastfeeding or exclusively during their infancy, it is common practice for pediatricians to change the formula when symptoms of intolerance occur. Decisions about when the formula should be changed and which formula should be used vary significantly, however, among pediatric practitioners. This statement clarifies some of these issues as they relate to protein hypersensitivity (protein allergy), one of the causes of adverse reactions to feeding during infancy.

Infants' Preference for the Predominant Stress Patterns of English Words

1993-06-01

Peter W. Jusczyk , Anne Cutler , Nancy J. Redanz

64, 675-687.One critical aspect of language acquisition is the development of a lexicon that associates sounds and mean ings; but developing a lexicon first requires that the infant segment utterances … 64, 675-687.One critical aspect of language acquisition is the development of a lexicon that associates sounds and mean ings; but developing a lexicon first requires that the infant segment utterances into individual words.How might the infant begin this process?The present study was designed to examine the potential role that sensitivity to predominant stress patterns of words might play in lexical development.In English, by far the majority of words have stressed (strong) initial syllables.Experiment 1 of our study demonstrated that by 9 months of age American infants listen signifi cantly longer to words with strong/weak stress patterns than to words with weak/strong stress patterns.However, Experiment 2 showed that no significant preferences for the predominant stress pattern appear with 6-month-old infants, which suggests that the preference develops as a result of increasing familiarity with the prosodic features of the native language.In a third experiment, 9-month-olds showed a preference for strong/weak patterns even when the speech input was low-pass filtered, which suggests that their preference is specifically for the prosodic structure of the words.Together the results suggest that attention to predominant stress patterns in the native language may form an important part of the infant's process of developing a lexicon.

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Intonation and Communicative Intent in Mothers' Speech to Infants: Is the Melody the Message?

1989-12-01

Anne Fernald

Preference for Infant-Directed Speech in the First Month after Birth

1990-10-01

Robin Panneton Cooper , Richard Ν. Aslin

Childhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Neonate/Toddler

2006-04-01

Paul E. Hyman , Peter J. Milla , Marc A. Benninga +3 more

PENGARUH KOMBINASI SLOW DEEP BREATHING DAN AROMATERAPI LAVENDER TERHADAP PERUBAHAN TEKANAN DARAH

2025-06-25

S.Kep. Yuanita Wulandari , Siti Rusminarni , Tubagus Erwin | Jurnal Kesehatan Ilmiah Indonesia (Indonesian Health Scientific Journal)

Hypertension is defined as having a systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure exceeding 90 mmHg. Based on the 2024 Indonesian Health Survey, the prevalence … Hypertension is defined as having a systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure exceeding 90 mmHg. Based on the 2024 Indonesian Health Survey, the prevalence of hypertension in Lampung Province is 28.3% or 19,843 people among individuals in the ≥15 age group, and 29.7% or 18,762 people among those in the ≥18 age group. This study aims to assess the impact of slow deep breathing combined with lavender aromatherapy on blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients within the Segala Mider Community Health Center area of Bandar Lampung City in 2024. Employing a quantitative approach, the research utilizes a Quasi-Experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The population for this study includes 78 hypertensive patients enrolled in the Prolanis program, with a sample size of 66 respondents per group. Purposive sampling was used to select participants, and statistical analysis was performed using the Paired t-test. The results from the paired t-test analysis revealed a pre-posttest systolic p-value of 0.000 and a diastolic p-value of 0.001 in the treatment group. In contrast, the control group showed a pre-posttest systolic p-value of 0.229 and a diastolic p-value of 0.146. The combination of slow deep breathing and lavender aromatherapy had a significant impact on blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients (p-value of 0.001, which is less than 0.05). It is hoped that this combination could be used as a non-pharmacological approach to lower blood pressure.

Comment on the article by Kogler about prevalence of extragenital sexually transmitted infections

2025-06-24

Yan Li , Qing Long | Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology

Frühkindliches Mikrobiom

2025-06-24

Patricia Maasjosthusmann , Janina Soler Wenglein , Eckard Hamelmann +1 more | Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde

Effective Mucoadhesive Custom Biopolymer-Based Nanoparticles for Improved Probiotic Oral Availability: Current Developments and Future Prospects

2025-06-23

Arpita Chakraborty , Carlo Menon , Shyamji Verma +2 more | Apple Academic Press eBooks

The Prevalence of Facial Petechiae in Infants Evaluated for Excessive Crying

2025-06-23

Heather L. Edward , Jessica L. Moore , Phinnara Has +6 more | Pediatric Emergency Care

Petechiae on the face in infants are known to be caused by trauma; however, they are also sometimes attributed to infant crying. This study aims to determine the prevalence of … Petechiae on the face in infants are known to be caused by trauma; however, they are also sometimes attributed to infant crying. This study aims to determine the prevalence of facial petechiae in infants with excessive crying. We conducted a single-center, retrospective record review of 138 infants (under 1 y old) evaluated at a specialized outpatient clinic for crying and fussiness between January 2015 and March 2020. Medical records were reviewed for caregiver-reported crying by clinical history and behavior diaries, and the presence of facial petechiae on physical exam (specifically documented with a checkbox on the exam form). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the average time spent crying, medical history, and prevalence of facial petechiae. There were 138 infants (mean age 2 mo) evaluated by a pediatrician for facial petechiae (N=187 physical exams). Colic was diagnosed in 74% of the infants. Infants were excessive criers with no statistically significant difference between the time that infants were reported to cry and/or fuss per day by caregivers' clinical history (median 4 h/d) and by caregiver-completed home behavior diaries (median 3.8 h/d). No infants had facial petechiae on physical exam. While facial petechiae is believed to be due to excessive crying, this study supports that facial petechiae in infants is rare and that there is no association between crying and facial petechiae. In the absence of medical causes, facial petechiae in infants should be evaluated as a potential traumatic injury and practitioners should consider possible physical abuse.

Parental Relationship Quality as a Predictor of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infants and Toddlers

2025-06-21

Nivedha Subramani , Thasma Santhanakrishnan Arunprasath | The Indian Journal of Pediatrics

The Relationship Between Prematurity and Mode of Delivery with Disorders of Gut–Brain Interaction in Children

2025-06-18

Carlos Alberto Velasco Benítez , Daniela Alejandra Velasco‐Suárez , Natalia Palma +2 more | Children

Background: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are multifactorial. Early-life events are proposed as factors involved in their etiopathogenesis. The relationship between mode of delivery, prematurity, and DGBI development remains unclear. … Background: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are multifactorial. Early-life events are proposed as factors involved in their etiopathogenesis. The relationship between mode of delivery, prematurity, and DGBI development remains unclear. This study examines whether cesarean delivery and prematurity contribute to early childhood DGBI. Methods: Caregivers of children aged 1 month to 4 years from four Colombian cities participated in a cross-sectional study. Pediatricians completed the Spanish-validated Questionnaire of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rome IV (QPGS-IV). Data of children born by cesarean delivery and prematurity were compared with controls. Categorical data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: DGBIs were identified in 26.6% of children, with functional constipation (FC) being the most prevalent (22.3%). Among children born via cesarean section (54.3%), 30.4% of them had a DGBI (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.20-1.96, p = 0.00), and 26.3% had FC (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.29-2.18, p = 0.00). Prematurity was observed in 12.6% of children and was associated with a higher prevalence of DGBI (35.7%, (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.16-2.29, p = 0.00), with FC affecting 30.8% (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.16-2.35, p = 0.00). Conclusions: Cesarean delivery and prematurity were found to be associated with DGBI in early childhood, particularly FC. These findings highlight the need for further research to explore potential mechanisms and confirm these associations.

Non-nutritive Sucking in Preterm Infants-simple Intervention with Substantial Benefits

2025-06-18

Gupta Rajeev | Clinical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Preterm birth, defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation, remains a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. One of the developmental challenges in preterm infants is the … Preterm birth, defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation, remains a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. One of the developmental challenges in preterm infants is the immaturity of the sucking-swallowing-breathing triad, which hinders successful oral feeding. Non-Nutritive Sucking (NNS) is an innate reflex in neonates that involves sucking motions without the intake of nutrition. This behaviour, often facilitated by pacifiers or a gloved finger, plays a vital role in neurodevelopment, feeding maturity, and physiological regulation in preterm infants. Recent studies also highlight its psychological and lactational benefits for mothers. This review presents a synthesis of current evidence supporting NNS as a low-cost, non-invasive intervention with multidimensional benefits for both preterm infants and their mothers.

<i>Chi for Two</i> <sup>®</sup> developmental relational practices: a lens for examining how somatic therapy might resolve infant reflexes

2025-06-17

Dee Wagner | Body Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy

Supplemental Material for Harmonizing Hearts: High-Quality Listening and Kama Muta Among Listeners and Speakers

2025-06-16

| Emotion

Validating a novel scoring system for the assessment and treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children

2025-06-16

Bhaswati C Acharyya , P. C. Das , Meghdeep Mukhopadhyay | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

BACKGROUND Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), defined as ‘Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction’, are now considered a global health problem. There is a dearth of concepts and scales to assess the severity … BACKGROUND Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), defined as ‘Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction’, are now considered a global health problem. There is a dearth of concepts and scales to assess the severity of the different symptoms encountered while dealing with the variety of FGIDs as described in the ROME IV classification. We introduced a novel scoring system with the incorporation of 16 different symptoms called Bacharyya’s Questionnaire Scale and started using it while dealing with children suffering from FGIDs. AIM To verify the usefulness and applicability of this recently developed scale, this study was undertaken with the objectives to establish the validity of this scoring system in assessing the severity of symptoms associated with a specific FGID in children and to determine the scoring system's applicability in assessing the treatment response. METHODS The study included children aged 5 to 18 years diagnosed with any FGID based on ROME IV criteria. They completed the newly developed scale and a Visual Analog Scale at initial diagnosis and after a 2-month treatment period. A control group without FGID participated for comparative baseline purposes. Treatment response was defined as a less than or equal to 50% reduction in the total score, which is statistically significant. RESULTS Results from a comprehensive cohort of 190 cases and 90 controls indicated a female preponderance (57.9%) and prevalent disorders such as functional constipation (28%) and functional abdominal pain, not otherwise specified (21%). The grade of FGID (mild, moderate, severe) experienced by the patients was also derived. Post-treatment, 96 children demonstrated symptom improvement. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient for pre (r = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.65-0.77, P value < 0.0001) and post (r = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.3-0.64, P value < 0.0001) treatment data showed positive results with significant P values. CONCLUSION The novel scoring system shows high comprehensibility and gives an objective view of the symptomatology of FGIDs. The use of this novel score in clinical settings will be helpful to typify the FGIDs and may significantly improve decision-making processes to initiate appropriate treatment.

HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI HORMONAL DENGAN STABILITAS TEAR FILM : SEBUAH TINJAUAN NARATIF

2025-06-16

Fathira Luthfi Nuresa Praja , Hendriati Hendriati , Elmatris Elmatris +3 more | Deleted Journal

Background : Tear film is a fluid-filled layer that protects the eyes from the external environment. This layer consists of three layers, namely lipid, aqueous and mucin. Tear film stability … Background : Tear film is a fluid-filled layer that protects the eyes from the external environment. This layer consists of three layers, namely lipid, aqueous and mucin. Tear film stability is seen as one of the main characteristics of eye health. failure to maintain balance Tear film can cause dry eyes. One of the causes of dry eyes is an imbalance of steroid sex hormones such as estrogen, progesterone and androgens. These hormones have mRNA receptors on the surface tissues of the eye that are susceptible to hormonal contraceptives. Objective : This literature study aims to explore various original research literature on the relationship between the use of hormonal contraceptives and the stability of Tear film. Methods : Narrative reviews of literature searched through the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases, then selected based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results : There are 6 literatures with 444 women of childbearing age with an age range of 20-45 years who use the TBUT and Schirmer examinations. Conclusion : There is no relationship between the use of hormonal contraceptives and the stability of tear film

Prematurity is a risk factor of disorders of gut-brain interaction in adults: A case-control study

2025-06-16

Olivier Courbette , Camille Girard‐Bock , Anik Cloutier +3 more | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

BACKGROUND Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are defined as a variable combination of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms. Early-life stressors have been implicated as possible contributing factors. AIM To determine … BACKGROUND Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are defined as a variable combination of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms. Early-life stressors have been implicated as possible contributing factors. AIM To determine if prematurity and neonatal factors influence the development of DGBI in adults. METHODS A case-control study was carried out at a tertiary referral center from July 2019 to July 2021. Cases (adults born with extremely premature < 29 weeks of gestation) were recruited from the Health of Adults Born Preterm Investigation cohort. Control subjects were recruited from the general population. All participants completed the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire online. Cases completed anxiety and depression questionnaires (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29 items, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 items, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items). Neonatal data and sociodemographic status were collected. RESULTS A total of 79 cases and 124 controls were enrolled in the study. The group of adults born preterm exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of functional bowel disorders (P = 0.01) and a trend suggesting a higher prevalence of functional gastroduodenal disorders (P = 0.06). Among women born prematurely, the prevalence of functional gastroduodenal disorders, functional bowel disorders, and functional constipation was significantly higher compared to the female control group (P = 0.02 for all). The identified risk factors are categorized as directly linked to prematurity (e.g. , chorioamnionitis), indirectly related to prematurity (e.g. , anxiety, depression, and social skills as consequences of prematurity), or independent of prematurity (e.g. , female sex). CONCLUSION This is the first case-control study reporting the prevalence of DGBI in a cohort of well-characterized adults born prematurely. We confirm that prematurity is a risk factor for developing a DGBI.

Clinical importance of Nasya with Tila Taila in the management of Nidranasha (Primary Insomnia): A case study

2025-06-16

D. Amirtha Kadesh Abiram , Chitta Ranjan Das , Jeniffer ponsingh | World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews

Introduction: Aging is a natural physiological process which is characterized by gradual weakening of metabolic process. Ayurveda has considered Jara as a natural and inevitable process as well as natural … Introduction: Aging is a natural physiological process which is characterized by gradual weakening of metabolic process. Ayurveda has considered Jara as a natural and inevitable process as well as natural disease. One of the common problems seen in geriatric group is Insomnia which impairs cognitive and physical functioning and is associated with a wide range of impaired daytime functions across a number of emotional, social, and physical domains. Globally, the prevalence of insomnia has been reported in the range of 12%–40% in the older population aged >65 years whereas it has been reported to be 82.17% in India which is a common troubling problem in the elderly individual. Materials and methods: A 64 years old female patient presented with disturbed sleep at night, fatigue, lack of concentration, loss of interest in day today activity for 2 years. The line of treatment focused on this case is Nasya with Tila taila 4ml each nostril for 7 days. RESULTS: There was a visible and significant improvement seen in sleep pattern and were assessed using Athens Sleep Questionnaire (ASQ). The ASQ shown significant improvement from 21 (Before Nasya) and 11 (After Nasya). Discussions and conclusion: In Ayurveda Nidranasha which is included in 80 Nanatmaja Vata Vikaras. As per fundamental principles kapha is predominant dosha during childhood, pitta during the adulthood and Vata Dosha during old age. In aged the prana and Udana Vata gets vitiated which results in derangement of Bhuddhi, Smritihrasa, Varnaviparyaya, Balakshaya. Tila Taila has a property of Madhura Rasa, Madhura Vipaka, Balya and RasayanaKarma which is Vataghnesha Uttam administered as Nasya through Nasal route reaches Sringataka Marma eventually spreads in Murdha through micro intra cranial circulation. The Tryosine amino acids and other essential component present in Tila has been directly connected to the serotonin activity of brain also in the production of Melanin which leads to improvement in Sleep and anti-aging effect on brain.

P45 Influence of patient age on clinical presentation and management of renal colic in an emergency department cohort

2025-06-16

K. Rubene , I. Znotina , V. Paradnieks +1 more | European Urology Open Science

[A cross-sectional questionnaire survey on the prevalence and risk factors of 4 major functional gastrointestinal disorders among children in Shanghai].

2025-06-14

Y F Wang , Zhirong Yao , Y Xiao +4 more | PubMed

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of the 4 most common functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) among school-aged children in Shanghai. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from … Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of the 4 most common functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) among school-aged children in Shanghai. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from January to December 2019. Using stratified cluster sampling, 26 205 students in grades 1-12 from Huangpu and Jiading District, Shanghai, were enrolled. The questionnaire of pediatric gastrointestinal symptoms-Rome Ⅳ (QPGS-Ⅳ) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) were used to assess the prevalence and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS), and functional constipation (FC). MultivariateLogistic regression analysis was performed to identify correlations between sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, comorbidities, and four major FGID. A trend chi-square test was used to explore the relationship between HRQoL scores and FGID prevalence. Results: A total of 26 097 valid participants (26 097/27 036, 96.5%) were included in the study, with the age of (10.8±3.1) years and 12 441 cases (47.7%) were female. The prevalence of FC was found to be the highest (5 537 cases, 21.2%), followed by IBS (797 cases, 3.1%), FAP-NOS (267 cases, 1.0%) and FD (218 cases, 0.8%). Multivariate analysis revealed the following findings: junior high school (FD: OR=1.88 (95%CI 1.35-2.61); IBS: OR=1.42 (95%CI 1.18-1.71); FAP-NOS: OR=1.39 (95%CI 1.02-1.90)), senior high school (FD: OR=2.67 (95%CI 1.84-3.86);IBS:OR=2.36 (95%CI 1.93-2.89) ;FAP-NOS: OR=2.20 (95%CI 1.56-3.11)), allergic symptoms (FD: OR=2.21 (95%CI 1.56-3.14);IBS:OR=2.30 (95%CI 1.04-1.51);FAP-NOS:OR=2.54 (95%CI 1.85-3.50)), and frequent respiratory infections (FD: OR=2.15 (95%CI 1.45-3.18); IBS:OR=1.50 (95%CI 1.30-1.74); FAP-NOS:OR=1.49 (95%CI 1.00-2.21)) were common risk factors for FD, IBS, and FAP-NOS. Female exhibited increased risks for FD (OR=1.49 (95%CI 1.13-1.96)), IBS (OR=2.59 (95%CI 2.12-3.16)), and FC (OR=1.10 (95%CI 1.03-1.17)). The presence of dietary bias was associated with of IBS (OR=1.46 (95%CI 1.26-1.69)) and FC (OR=1.26 (95%CI 1.19-1.34)), late bedtime (OR=1.32 (95%CI 1.06-1.64)), allergen exposure (OR=1.25 (95%CI 1.04-1.51))and family history of allergy (OR=1.41 (95%CI 1.20-1.65)) were risk factors for IBS, while insufficient outdoor time (OR=1.20 (95%CI 1.01-1.43)) and severe lack of outdoor time (OR=1.48 (95%CI 1.23-1.76)) were significant risk factors for FC. HRQoL scores were significantly lower in children with FD, IBS, or FAP-NOS compared to non-FGID peers (all P<0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of FGID among school-aged children in Shanghai varies by sub-type. FC was the most prevalence. Junior and Senior high school, female sex, allergic symptoms and frequent respiratory infections. Meanwhile, dietary bias, late sleeping, and outdoor time were associated with specific sub-types. The HRQoL is significantly reduced in children with FD, IBS and FAP-NOS.

Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease

2025-06-13

Hang Zhen Wang , Elizabeth Helen Hayles , Michelle Fiander +2 more | Cochrane library

The screening Hand Assessment for Infants: Feasibility, validity, and reliability based on parents’ recordings

2025-06-08

| Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology

Impact of the BRUE (Brief Resolved Unexplained event) definition on hospital clinical practice and recurrence: a quasi-experimental study in infants

2025-06-03

Irene Comino-Hidalgo , María-Isabel González-Sánchez , Felipe González Martínez +4 more | European Journal of Pediatrics

Decoding the gut-sleep Nexus: a bibliometric mapping of gut microbiota and sleep disorders

2025-06-02

Dingwen Xu , Zhijie Lu , Qin Li +2 more | Frontiers in Microbiology

An increasing number of studies have focused on the interaction between gut microbiota and sleep disorders. However, there is currently no bibliometric analysis of the literature on gut microbiota and … An increasing number of studies have focused on the interaction between gut microbiota and sleep disorders. However, there is currently no bibliometric analysis of the literature on gut microbiota and sleep disorders. This study employs bibliometric methods to analyze the current research status and hotspots in the field of gut microbiota and sleep disorders, providing a reference for future research in this area. Articles related to gut microbiota and sleep disorders were retrieved from the WOS core database, covering the period from the database's inception to December 31, 2024. After rigorous screening, VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to conduct analyses on quantity, collaboration networks, clustering, and citation bursts. The number of articles on gut microbiota and sleep disorders has increased annually, with a significant surge after 2022. China has the highest number of publications, while the United States has the highest citation count. The institution with the most publications is Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and the institution with the most citations is Deakin University. The top 10 journals by publication volume are all ranked above Q2 in the JCR. The most cited article is "Gut microbiome diversity is associated with sleep physiology in humans" by Smith et al., published in PLOS ONE in 2019. The top 10 most frequent keywords are gut microbiota, sleep, depression, inflammation, chain fatty acids, anxiety, brain, oxidative stress, obesity, and health. The keyword cluster "obstructive sleep apnea" is a focal research direction, while fecal microbiota transplantation is a current research hotspot. This study reveals the publication trends, collaboration relationships among countries, regions, and authors, and recent research hotspots in the field of gut microbiota and sleep disorders through bibliometric methods, providing an objective data reference for scientific research in this domain.

Systematic literature review and meta-analysis on therapeutic management of faecal impaction in the paediatric population

2025-06-01

Morris Gordon , Svetlana Lakunina , Anna de Geus +6 more | BMJ Paediatrics Open

Background To date, there is no universally accepted or standardised protocol for management of faecal impaction (FI) in paediatric population. If left untreated, it can lead to serious consequences for … Background To date, there is no universally accepted or standardised protocol for management of faecal impaction (FI) in paediatric population. If left untreated, it can lead to serious consequences for the health and well-being of the child. We set out to determine the effectiveness and safety of existing therapeutic interventions for FI in children and identify any gaps occurring in current research. Methods We have performed a systematic literature review on treatment of FI in paediatric population in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We have included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on all interventions for children (0–18 years old) with FI on background of functional constipation and excluded children with organic causes of FI. Our primary outcomes were treatment success, defecation frequency and withdrawals due to adverse events. We have performed a meta-analysis of the data. Results Out of 13 341 records identified, only eight RCTs met our inclusion criteria with a total of 513 participants randomised. The diagnosis of functional constipation was mainly made using ROME III criteria. The diagnosis of FI varied from study to study. We identified several intervention groups based on our search. Our analysis has shown that there is no difference probably between PEG (Polyethylene Glycol). and PEG with sodium picosulphate, and there may be no difference between PEG and rectal enema for treatment success, but enema may lead to greater stool frequency. No other studies produced anything other than very low certainty evidence. Conclusions No therapeutic approach was superior to others, with evidence limited by significant clinical heterogeneity related to varying patient and clinical factors, different outcome measures and limited study numbers. More high-quality research is needed to determine effective strategies for FI. Moreover, a consensus should be reached regarding the definition and diagnosis of FI as based on that a standardised approach to patient’s care can be determined.

Kieferorthopädische Behandlungsoptionen im digitalen Workflow bei Neugeborenen und Säuglingen

2025-06-01

Marit Bockstedte , Katharina Peters , Christina Weismann +1 more | Informationen aus Orthodontie & Kieferorthopädie

Zusammenfassung Kieferorthopädische Behandlungen für Neugeborene und Säuglinge mit kraniofazialen Fehlbildungen können bereits kurz nach der Geburt beginnen. An der Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie des Universitätsklinikums Tübingen werden konventionelle Alginatabformung bei diesen … Zusammenfassung Kieferorthopädische Behandlungen für Neugeborene und Säuglinge mit kraniofazialen Fehlbildungen können bereits kurz nach der Geburt beginnen. An der Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie des Universitätsklinikums Tübingen werden konventionelle Alginatabformung bei diesen jungen Patienten seit 2018 durch intraorale Scans (IOS) ersetzt. Die digitale Abformung ermöglicht den Einsatz moderner Technologien wie Computer-Aided Design (CAD) und Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM), insbesondere 3D-Druck, zur präzisen Herstellung kieferorthopädischer Apparaturen. Diese werden bei Fehlbildungen wie Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalten (LKG-S), der Robin-Sequenz (RS) und Trisomie 21 (TS21) eingesetzt, um zugrundeliegende Symptomatiken zu therapieren. Dabei fördern die Apparaturen Atmung, Nahrungsaufnahme und die kraniofaziale Entwicklung. Der digitale Workflow bietet eine risikoarme, effiziente Versorgung und stellt einen bedeutenden Fortschritt in der kieferorthopädischen Behandlung von Neugeborenen und Säuglingen mit kraniofazialen Fehlbildungen dar.

The acoustic properties, syllable structure, and syllable sequences of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) during neonatal opioid withdrawal in FVB/N mouse substrains

2025-06-01

Kelly K. Wingfield , Teodora Misic , Sophia Miracle +7 more | Addiction Neuroscience

Premature baby cries remain different from those of full-term babies

2025-06-01

Guillem Bonafos , Flavie Vial , Clément Cornec +7 more | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Prematurity is known to increase the risk of organic or functional pathologies from the neonatal period as well as after birth. The impact of prematurity on the acoustic structure of … Prematurity is known to increase the risk of organic or functional pathologies from the neonatal period as well as after birth. The impact of prematurity on the acoustic structure of cries, which are vital signals for survival of babies, has received little scrutiny, despite its prognostic potential. Here, we test the hypothesis that the acoustic structure of the cries of preterm babies changes with their growth, ultimately becoming identical to the cries of full-term infants. We recorded and analyzed the cries of 18 premature babies, born between gestational age 26 and 33 weeks, every week while they were hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit. Our results show that as premature babies approach their theoretical term, their cries become increasingly tonal, less marked by noisy components, and carrying individual cues. We then compared these cries with those recorded in 25 healthy full-term babies. Despite the evolution of premature baby cries over time, the acoustic structure of these cries remains different from that of full-term infants. These results suggest that the vocal maturity of premature babies is not fully attained at the theoretical age of term.

Management of Psychosis in Perinatal Period in Local Psychiatric Inpatient Unit, Current Pathways and Proposal to Improve Standards of Care

2025-06-01

Iqra Bibi , Oleksandr Khrypunov , Neil Agarwal +1 more | BJPsych Open

Aims: To enhance the quality of care for patients experiencing psychotic episodes during the perinatal period (antenatal and postnatal) by improving service pathways and management. Methods: This was a retrospective … Aims: To enhance the quality of care for patients experiencing psychotic episodes during the perinatal period (antenatal and postnatal) by improving service pathways and management. Methods: This was a retrospective study, in which existing care pathways for patients presenting with psychosis in perinatal period were reviewed, gaps identified and then solutions to improve standards were proposed. Out of 41 patients admitted to the local inpatient unit with psychosis in perinatal period between January 2022 and October 2024, 11 patients were selected as they met the criteria of diagnosis of perinatal psychosis. Data was collected and reviewed from electronic records and patients’ notes. Data was assessed, whether the key elements for patients presenting with psychosis were documented in admission history, the management plans and the extent of involvement of perinatal team throughout different stages of their care. Results: It was found that 90% of patients (10/11) were clerked on admission. In 63% patients (7/11) reasons of admission were documented, and 54.5% (6/11) having documentation about parity. 81.8% (9 of 11) had perinatal team involvement during admission, 45.45% (5 of 11) had discharge follow up with perinatal team, while 27.27 % (3 of 11) were discharged to other teams. Only 9% (1/11) were asked about perinatal family history, 81% (9/11) were not asked about perinatal family history while 1 patient had missing clerking documentation. Conclusion: There were notable gaps picked up in clerking history especially perinatal family history, gestational age and parity, which are critical points in history taking in patients presenting with psychosis in perinatal period. While there is consistent involvement of perinatal team during admission, there seems to be lack of consistency in post-discharge engagement. The data suggested more standardised clerking, and discharge planning process to ensure all element of care are covered. By implementing the proposed, we anticipate a positive impact on patient outcome, more cohesive multidisciplinary care and improved patient follow up leading to better quality care.

Interactions between CNS regulation and serotonergic modulation of crayfish hindgut motility

2025-06-01

Spandan Pathak , Norma Peña-Flores , Phillip Alvarez +4 more | Royal Society Open Science

Motility is a critical function of the gastrointestinal (GI) system governed by neurogenic and myogenic processes. Due to its major role in maintaining homeostasis, overlapping mechanisms have evolved for its … Motility is a critical function of the gastrointestinal (GI) system governed by neurogenic and myogenic processes. Due to its major role in maintaining homeostasis, overlapping mechanisms have evolved for its adaptive operation including modulation by the central nervous system (CNS), enteric nervous system (ENS) and intrinsic pacemaker cells. Our understanding of the modulatory mechanisms that underlie intestinal motility remains incomplete. Crayfish provide a tractable ex vivo model to study the interplay between CNS and neurochemical regulation of GI motor patterns. Our study investigated the effects of CNS denervation and exogenously applied serotonin (5-HT) on crayfish hindgut motility. Multiscale spatial measurements showed stable motility parameters throughout 90 min of control conditions. Denervation, i.e. separating the gut from the CNS, resulted in a significant decrease in the magnitude and synchrony of hindgut contractions, while preserving the underlying frequency and directional bias of the waves. Subsequent application of 5-HT to the denervated preparation enhanced motility but disrupted spatiotemporal coordination. Treatment with TTX (a sodium channel blocker) had minor impacts on motility metrics, indicating a prominent role of myogenic mechanisms. Our model provides a multiscale analysis framework to dissect CNS and interrelated neurochemistry contributions to GI motor dynamics.

Charakterisierung der Pathomechanismen neuronaler Dysfunktion bei Erkrankungen im zentralen Nervensystem von Mäusen

2025-06-01

Martin Dembowski , Laura Burigk , Wolfgang Baumgärtner +1 more | Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K Kleintiere / Heimtiere

Humans have nasal respiratory fingerprints

2025-06-01

Timna Soroka , Aharon Ravia , Kobi Snitz +6 more | Current Biology

Long-term respiratory patterns are generated by remarkably complex brain networks. Because brains are unique, we hypothesized that their dependent respiratory patterns may be similarly unique. To test this hypothesis, we … Long-term respiratory patterns are generated by remarkably complex brain networks. Because brains are unique, we hypothesized that their dependent respiratory patterns may be similarly unique. To test this hypothesis, we developed a wearable device that precisely measures and logs nasal airflow in each nostril separately for up to 24-h periods. We found that we could identify members of a 97-participant cohort at a remarkable 96.8% accuracy from nasal airflow patterns alone. In other words, humans have individual nasal airflow fingerprints. Moreover, in test-retest experiments, we found that these individual fingerprints remain stable over extended periods of time, such that individual identification by nasal airflow fingerprints was on par with or better than voice recognition. Finally, we find that the high sensitivity of these fingerprints provides significant indications on both physiological states, such as levels of arousal and body-mass index, and cognitive traits, such as levels of anxiety, levels of depression, and behavioral tendencies. We conclude that long-term patterns of nasal airflow reflect the brain drivers of respiration, are individually unique, and have significant implications for health, emotion, and cognition.

Mountable miniature microphones to identify and assign mouse ultrasonic vocalizations

2025-06-01

Elena N. Waidmann , Victor H.Y. Yang , Ercang Luo +2 more | Cell Reports Methods

Mouse ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are a promising model for studying vocal production. Although, in courtship interactions, males emit the majority of the USVs, female mice also produce USVs. In order … Mouse ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are a promising model for studying vocal production. Although, in courtship interactions, males emit the majority of the USVs, female mice also produce USVs. In order to study the mechanisms of vocal production in freely behaving mice, it is necessary to identify the individual responsible for each syllable. Prior studies have used microphone arrays, but these are costly and require complex analyses to pinpoint the vocalizer. Here, we developed an inexpensive, ultrasound-sensitive wearable microphone to identify USVs from individual mice in socializing pairs. We reliably detected USVs and assigned 90% to a specific animal in a pair based on relative amplitude differences. When paired with video tracking, we increased the assigned percentage (97%) and described the courtship behavioral landscape in which USVs occur. These results offer a low-cost, simple method to study social communication between pairs of mice and other ultrasonically vocalizing animals.

Crying behavior and emotional-behavioral outcomes in high-risk very preterm infants: A prospective cohort study

2025-06-01

Babette Steigelmann , Nienke H. van Dokkum , Annemie Bos +2 more | Early Human Development

A novel smart baby cradle system utilizing IoT sensors and machine learning for optimized parental care

2025-05-30

Kunal Chandnani , Somanath Tripathy , Ashutosh Krishna Parbhakar +4 more | Scientific Reports

Abstract The IoT Smart Cradle for Baby Monitoring System & Infant Care is introduced as an innovative solution to address critical gaps in contemporary infant care. This system integrates Internet … Abstract The IoT Smart Cradle for Baby Monitoring System & Infant Care is introduced as an innovative solution to address critical gaps in contemporary infant care. This system integrates Internet of Things (IoT) technology, machine learning, and smart automation to offer a safer, more responsive, and comfortable environment for babies. A significant challenge in current infant care is the limitations of traditional monitoring systems. These systems often fail to provide comprehensive, real-time monitoring of essential environmental parameters and lack automated responses to an infant’s immediate needs, potentially increasing parental anxiety and compromising infant safety and well-being. This smart cradle is designed to overcome these limitations by employing a comprehensive network of sensors—including temperature, humidity, gas, noise sensors, and a cry-detection microphone—to monitor the baby’s needs and environmental conditions in real time. Microcontrollers like Raspberry Pi and NodeMCU use intelligent machine-learning algorithms to process the collected data and trigger adaptive responses. These responses include regulating temperature and humidity, filtering harmful gases, and activating a motorized rocking mechanism to soothe the infant. A dedicated mobile application offers parents secure, real-time monitoring and control over the cradle’s functions. The system demonstrates high accuracy in sensor readings, with temperature and humidity measurements reaching approximately 99.6% accuracy, and cry detection achieving approximately 93.2% accuracy. User feedback indicates that 95% of parents found the interface easy to use, and 87% reported a positive impact on their parenting experience. In contrast to traditional solutions that often require manual intervention or provide limited automation, this smart cradle uses predictive analytics to proactively address potential discomforts and hazards, thus presenting a more reliable, intelligent, and user-friendly solution for modern parenting.

Exploring the Multifaceted Benefits of Turmeric in Traditional and Present Day Medicine

2025-05-29

Mahesh R. Patil , Ms. Lalita. D. Battase Mam | International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology

Abstract: Turmeric holds vast cultural and culmary significance in India, derived from tüvethizomes of the Curcuma longa plant, that's a part of the Zingiberaceae own circle of relatives This colourful … Abstract: Turmeric holds vast cultural and culmary significance in India, derived from tüvethizomes of the Curcuma longa plant, that's a part of the Zingiberaceae own circle of relatives This colourful spice is a key component in maximum Indian curry powders and is diagnosed for its herbal antiseptic residences Often stated as 'Indian saffron because of its hanging hue, turmeric carries curcumin, which has established diverse fitness benefits, inclusive of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and hypoglycemic effects, in addition to selling wound restoration and assuaging sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation. Clinical research have explored its ability in treating severa human conditions, together with fibrosis, lupus nephritis, acne, cancer, diabetes, and irritable bowel syndrome. As a result, this kitchen staple has located its manner into scientific applications. Innovative drug improvement strategies are being hired to decorate the bioavailability of curcumin, making use of additives, micelles, nanoparticles, hposomes, and phospholipid complexes Turmeric is wealthy in diverse phytoconstituents, inclusive of alkaloids, glycosides, triterpenoids, and sterols, proposing 3 number one curcuminoids: curcumin (the principle energetic thing chargeable for its yellow color), demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, at the side of risky oils together with tumerone, atlantone, and zingiberone, in addition to sugars, proteins,and resins .