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Mechanical Failure Analysis and Simulation

Works Count: 34203

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This cluster of papers focuses on the failure analysis, fracture mechanisms, and fatigue fractures of mechanical components such as crankshafts, connecting rods, and shafts. It covers stress analysis, root cause analysis, and corrosion failures in various industrial applications.

Keywords

Failure Analysis; Fracture Mechanisms; Fatigue Fracture; Crankshaft Failure; Connecting Rod; Stress Analysis; Fractography; Root Cause Analysis; Corrosion Failures; Metal Fatigue

Betriebsfestigkeit in Germany — an overview

2002-06-01

Christina Berger , Klaus-Georg Eulitz , P. Heuler +6 more

New cars — new materials

1997-12-01

Arno Jambor , Matthias Beyer

The interaction of local buckling and column failure of thin-walled compression members

1969-01-01

A. van der Neut

Thin walled compression members, as used in aircraft structures (Fig. 1), are subject to column failure (bending), torsional buckling and local buckling. Thin walled compression members, as used in aircraft structures (Fig. 1), are subject to column failure (bending), torsional buckling and local buckling.

Histologic Studies on Percutaneous Penetration with Special Reference to the Effect of Vehicles12

1945-02-01

GEORGE M. MacKEE , Marion B. Sulzberger , Franz Herrmann +1 more

Fatigue on engine pistons – A compendium of case studies

2005-04-04

F.S. Silva

Fatigue analysis of crankshaft sections under bending with consideration of residual stresses

2004-09-14

W. Y. Chien

A competing risk model for the reliability of cylinder liners in marine Diesel engines

2009-02-11

Dario Bocchetti , Massimiliano Giorgio , Maurizio Guida +1 more

The Conformational Analysis of Crankshaft Motions in Polyethylene

1974-11-01

Richard H. Boyd , S. M. Breitling

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Conformational Analysis of Crankshaft Motions in PolyethyleneRichard H. Boyd and S. M. BreitlingCite this: Macromolecules 1974, 7, 6, 855–862Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Conformational Analysis of Crankshaft Motions in PolyethyleneRichard H. Boyd and S. M. BreitlingCite this: Macromolecules 1974, 7, 6, 855–862Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60042a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60042a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views308Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Failure of Materials in Mechanical Design

1982-07-01

Jack A. Collins , C. O. Smith

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Mechanical Design of Machine Elements and Machines: A Failure Prevention Perspective

2003-12-01

Jack A. Collins , David B. Dooner

Part One: Engineering Principles. Chapter 1: Keystones of Design: Materials Selection and Geometry Determination. 1.1 Some Background Philosophy. 1.2 The Product Design Team. 1.3 Function and Form Aesthetics and Ergonomics. … Part One: Engineering Principles. Chapter 1: Keystones of Design: Materials Selection and Geometry Determination. 1.1 Some Background Philosophy. 1.2 The Product Design Team. 1.3 Function and Form Aesthetics and Ergonomics. 1.4 Concepts and Definition of Mechanical Design. 1.5 Design Safety Factor. 1.6 Stages of Design. 1.7 Steps in the Design Process. 1.8 Fail Safe and Safe Life Design Concepts. 1.9 The Virtues of Simplicity. 1.10 Lessons Learned Strategy. 1.11 Machine Elements, Subassemblies, and the Whole Machine. 1.12 The Role of Codes and standards in the Design Process. 1.13 Ethics in Engineering Design. 1.14 Units. Chapter 2: The Failure Perspective. 2.1 Role of Failure Prevention Analysis in Mechanical Design. 2.2 Failure Criteria. 2.3 Modes of Mechanical Failure. 2.4 Elastic Deformation, Yielding, and Ductile Rupture. 2.5 Elastic Instability and Buckling. 2.6 Shock and Impact. 2.7 Creep and Stress Rupture. 2.8 Wear and Corrosion. 2.9 Fretting, Fretting Fatigue, and Fretting Wear. 2.10 Failure Data and the Design Task. 2.11 Failure Assessment and Retrospective Design. 2.12 The Role of Safety Factors: Reliability Concepts. 2.13. Selection and Use of a Design Safety Factor. 2.14 Determination of Existing Safety Factors in a Completed Design: A Conceptual Constrast. 2.15 Reliability: Concepts, Definitions, and Data. 2.16 The Dilemma of Reliability Specification versus Design Safety Factor. Chapter 3: Materials Selection. 3.1 Steps in Materials Selection. 3.2 Analyzing Requirements of the Application. 3.3 Assembling Lists of Responsive Materials. 3.4 Matching Responsive Materials to Application Requirements Rank-Ordered-Data Table Method. 3.5 Matching Responsive Materials to Application Requirements Ashby chart Method. Chapter 4: Response of Machine Elements to Loads and Environments Stress, Stain, and Energy Parameters. 4.1 Loads and Geometry. 4.2 Equilibrium Concepts and Free-Body Diagrams. 4.3 Force Analysis. 4.4 Stress Analysis Common Stress Patterns for Common Types of Loading. 4.5 Deflection Analysis Common Types of Loading. 4.6 Stresses Caused by Curved Surfaces in Contact. 4.7 Load Sharing in Redundant Assemblies and Structures. 4.8 Preloading Concepts. 4.9 Residual Stresses. 4.10 Environmental Effects. Chapter 5: Failure Theories. 5.1 Preliminary Discussions. 5.2 Multiaxial States of Stress and Stain. 5.3 Stress Concentration. 5.4 Combined Stress Theories of Failure. 5.5 Brittle Facture and Crack Propagation Linear Elastic Facture Mechanics. 5.6 Fluctuating Loads, Cumulative Damage, and Fatigue Life. 5.7 Multiaxial States of Cyclic Stress and Multiaxial Fatigue Failure Theories. Chapter 6: Geometry Determination. 6.1 The Contrast in Objectives Between Analysis and Design. 6.2 Basic Principles and Guidelines for Creating Shape and Size. 6.3 Critical Sections and Critical Points. 6.4 Transforming Combined Stress Failure Theories into Combined Stress Design Equations. 6.5 Simplifying Assumptions: The Need and the Risk. 6.6 Iteration Revisited. 6.7 Fits, Tolerances, and Finishes. Chapter 7: Design-Stage Integration of Manufacturing and Maintenance Requirements. 7.1 Concurrent Engineering. 7.2 Design for Function, Performances, and Reliability. 7.3 Selection of the Manufacturing Process. 7.4 Design for Manufacturing (DFM). 7.5 Design for Assembly (DFA). 7.6 Design for Critical Point Accessibility, Inspectability, Disassembly, Maintenance, and Recycling. Part Two: Design Applications. Chapter 8:Power Transmission Shafting Couplings, Keys, and Splines. 8.1 Uses and Characteristics of Shafting. 8.2 Potential Failure Modes. 8.3 Shaft Materials. 8.4 Design Equations-Strength Based. 8.5 Design Equations-Deflection Based. 8.6 Shaft Vibration and Critical Speed. 8.7 Summary of Suggested Shaft Design Procedure General Guidelines for Shaft Design. 8.8 Couplings, Keys, and Splines. Chapter 9: Pressurized Cylinders Interference Fits. 9.1 Uses and Characteristics of Pressurized Cylinders. 9.2 Interference Fit Applications. 9.3 Potential Failure Modes. 9.4 Materials for Pressure Vessels. 9.5 Principles from Elasticity Theory. 9.6 Thin-Walled Cylinders. 9.7 Thick-Walled Cylinders. 9.8 Interference Fits: Pressure and Stress. 9.9 Design for Proper Interference. Chapter 10: Plain Bearings and Lubrication. 10.1 Types of Bearings. 10.2 Uses and Characteristics of Plain Bearings. 10.3 Potential Failure Modes. 10.4 Plain Bearing Materials. 10.5 Lubrication Concepts. 10.6 Boundary-Lubricated Bearing Design. 10.7 Hydrodynamic Bearing Design. 10.8 Hydrostatic Bearing Design. Chapter 11: Rolling Element Bearings. 11.1 Uses and Characteristics of Rolling Element Bearings. 11.2 Types of Rolling Element Bearings. 11.3 Potential Failure Modes. 11.4 Bearing Materials. 11.5 Bearing Selection. 11.6 Preloading and Bearing Stiffness. 11.7 Bearing Mounting and Enclosure. Chapter 12: Power Screw Assemblies. 12.1 Uses and Characteristics of Power Screws. 12.2 Potential Failure Modes. 12.3 Materials. 12.4 Power Screw Torque and Efficiency. 12.5 Suggested Power Screw Design Procedure. 12.6 Critical Points and Thread Stresses. Chapter 13: Machine Joints and Fastening Methods. 13.1 Uses and Characteristics of Joints in Machine Assemblies. 13.2 Selection of Joint Type and Fastening Method. 13.3 Potential Failure Modes. 13.4 Threaded Fasteners. 13. 5 Rivets. 13.6 Welds. 13.7 Adhesive Bonding. Chapter 14: Springs. 14.1 Uses and Characteristics of Springs. 14.2 Types of Springs. 14.3 Potential Failure Modes. 14.5 Axially Loaded Helical-Coil Springs Stress, Deflection, and Spring Rate. 14.6 Summary of Suggested Helical-Coil Spring Design Procedure, and General Guidelines for Spring Design. 14.7 Beam Springs (Leaf Springs). 14.8 Summary of Suggested Leaf Spring Design Procedure. 14.9 Torsion Bars and Other Torsion Springs. 14.10 Belleville (Coned-Disk) Springs. 14.11 Energy Storage in Springs. Chapter 15: Gears and Systems of Gears. 15.1 Uses and Characteristics of Gears. 15.2 Types of Gears Factors in Selection. 15.3 Gear Trains Reduction Ratios. 15.4 Potential failure Modes. 15.5 Gear Materials. 15.6 Spur Gears Tooth Profile and Mesh Geometry. 15.7 Gear Manufacturing Methods, Quality, and Cost. 15.8 Spur Gears Force Analysis. 15.9 Spur Gears Stress Analysis and Design. 15.10 Lubrication and Heat Dissipation. 15.11 Spur Gears Summary of Suggested Design Procedure. 15.12 Helical Gears Nomenclature, Tooth Geometry, and Mesh Interaction. 15.13 Helical Gears Force Analysis. 15.14 Helical Gears Stress Analysis and Design. 15.15 Helical Gears Summary of Suggested Design Procedure. 15.16 Bevel Gears Nomenclature, Tooth Geometry, and Mesh Interaction. 15.17 Bevel Gears Force Analysis. 15.18 Bevel Gears Stress Analysis and Design. 15.19 Bevel Gears Summary of Suggested Design Procedure. 15.20 Worm Gears and Worms Nomenclature, Tooth Geometry, and Mesh Interaction. 15.21 Worm Gears and Worms Force Analysis and Efficiency. 15.22 Worm Gears and Worms Stress Analysis and Design. 15.23 Worm Gears and Worms Suggested Design Procedure. Chapter 16: Brakes and Clutches. 16.1 Uses and Characteristics of Brakes and Clutches. 16.2 Types of Brakes and Clutches. 16.3 Potential Failure Modes. 16.4 Brake and Clutch Materials. 16.5 Basic Concepts for Design of Brakes and Clutches. 16.6 Rim (Drum) Brakes with Short Shoes. 16.7 Rim (Drum) Brakes with Long Shoes. 16.8 Band Brakes. 16.9 Disk Brakes and Clutches. 16.10 Cone Clutches and Brakes. Chapter 17: Belts, Chains, Wire Rope, and Flexible Shafts. 17.1 Uses and Characteristics of Flexible Power Transmission Elements. 17.2 Belt Drives Potential Failure Modes. 17.3 Belts Materials. 17.4 Belt Drives Flat Belts. 17.5 Belt Drives: V-Belts. 17.6 Belt Drives Synchronous Belts. 17.7 Chain Drives Potential Failure Modes. 17.8 Chain Drives Materials. 17.9 Chain Drives Precision Roller Chain. 17.10 Roller Chain Drives Suggested Selection Procedure. 17.11 Chain Drives Inverted-Tooth Chain. 17.12. Wire Rope Potential Failure Modes. 17.13 Wire Rope Materials. 17.14 Wire Rope Stresses and Strains. 17.15 Wire Rope Suggested Selection Procedure. 17.16 Flexible Shafts. Chapter 18: Flywheels and High-Speed Rotors. 18.1 Uses and Characteristics of Flywheels. 18.2 Fluctuating Duty Cycles, Energy Management, and Flywheel inertia. 18.3 Types of Flywheels. 18.4 Potential Failure Modes. 18.5 Flywheel Materials. 18.6 Spoke-and-Rim Flywheels. 18.7 Disk Flywheels of Constant Thickness. 18.8 Disk Flywheels of Uniform Strength. 18.9 Uniform-Strength Disk Flywheel with a Rim. 18.10 Flywheels-to-Shaft Connections. Chapter 19: Cranks and Crankshafts. 19.1 Uses and Characteristics of Crankshafts. 19.2 Types of Crankshafts. 19.3 Potential Failure Modes. 19.4 Crankshaft Materials. 19.5 Summary of Suggested Crankshaft Design Procedure. Chapter 20: Completing the Machine. 20.1 Integrating the Components Bases, Frames, and Housings. 20.2 Safety Issues Guards, Devices, and Warnings. 20.3 Design Reviews Releasing the Final Design. Appendix: NSPE Code of Ethics for Engineers. Table A-1 : Coefficients of Friction. Table A-2: Mass Moments of Inertia J and Radii of Gyration k for Selected Homogeneous Solid Bodies Rotating About Selected Axes, as Sketched. Table A-3: Section Properties of Selected W (Wide Flange) Shapes. Table A-4: Section Properties of Selected S (Standard 1) Shapes. Table A-5: Section Properties of Selected C (Channel) Shapes. Table A-6: Section Properties of Selected Equal-Leg L (Angle) Shapes. References. Photo Credits. Index.

A Clinical Study of Amalgam Failures

1949-10-01

Harry J. Healey , Ralph W. Phillips

SECOND PHASE OF STREAMFLOW EXPERIMENT AT WAGON WHEEL GAP, COLO.

1928-03-01

Carlos G. Bates , ALFRED J. HENRY

Next step for automotive materials

2003-04-01

George Marsh

Critical issues in high cycle fatigue

1999-09-01

T. Nicholas

Fatigue design of highly loaded short-glass-fibre reinforced polyamide parts in engine compartments

2007-09-07

Cetin Morris Sonsino , E. Moosbrugger

Evaluation of Porous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramics for Anterior Cervical Interbody Fusion in a Caprine Model

1995-10-01

Jeffrey M. Toth , Howard S. An , Tae‐Hong Lim +5 more

Study Design. This study compared the efficacy of characterized 50/50 hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics of 30%, 50%, and 70% porosity and autograft to promote interbody spinal fusion at C2-C3 and C5-C6 … Study Design. This study compared the efficacy of characterized 50/50 hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics of 30%, 50%, and 70% porosity and autograft to promote interbody spinal fusion at C2-C3 and C5-C6 in 24 goats: 12 at 3 months and 12 at 6 months. Objectives. Radiographs, histology, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry analysis, and biomechanical testing were used to evaluate the ability of the 30%, 50%, and 70% porous 50/50 hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics and autograft to promote cervical interbody fusion. Summary of Background Data. The conundrum in the use of calcium phosphates for interbody fusion is what porosity is most effective to promote ingrowth yet strong enough to resist compressive stresses found in the spine? It is known that the ability for bone ingrowth increases and the compressive strength decreases as porosity of the ceramic is increase. Dense ceramics remain intact but may be surrounded by fibrous tissue. Porous ceramics have good ingrowth but may fracture. Methods. Radiographs were evaluated for fusion and fracture or collapse of the ceramics or autograft. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate the fusion mass. Treated motion segments underwent biomechanical testing to quantify the flexibility of the segment. Undecalcified and decalcified histologic analysis were performed to evaluate the presence or absence of a bony union. Results. Thirty percent, 50% and 70% porous ceramics had better radiographic fusion scores than the autograft at 3 and 6 months. Incidence of ceramic fracture did not increase with porosity and was equivalent to the collapse of autograft, although ceramics maintained disc height when fracture occurred. No statistically significant differences were found between autograft and the porous ceramics with biomechanical testing and peri-implant bone mineral density values as measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. At 3 months, histologic analysis showed a union rate of 0% for autograft and 30% porous ceramic, 67% for 50% porous ceramic, and 83% for 70% porous ceramic. At 6 months, the union rate was 67% for the 30%, 50%, and 70% porous ceramics and 50% for autograft. Conclusions. Thirty percent, 50%, and 70% porous ceramics performed equal to or better than autogenous bone after 3 and 6 months. There may be promise for the use of 50/50 hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate in spine surgery as the need to harvest autograft from the iliac crest is obviated, and complications and cost associated with the harvest are avoided.

Design of Pressure Vessels for Low-Cycle Fatigue

1962-09-01

B Langer

Methods are described for constructing a fatigue curve based on strain-fatigue data for use in pressure vessel design. When this curve is used, the same fatigue strength-reduction factor should be … Methods are described for constructing a fatigue curve based on strain-fatigue data for use in pressure vessel design. When this curve is used, the same fatigue strength-reduction factor should be used for low-cycle as for high-cycle conditions. When evaluating the effects of combined mean and alternating stress, the fatigue strength-reduction factor should be applied to both the mean and the alternating component, but then account must be taken of the reduction in mean stress which can be produced by yielding. The complete fatigue evaluation of a pressure vessel can be a major task for the designer, but it can be omitted, or at least drastically reduced, if certain requirements can be met regarding design details, inspection, and magnitude of transients. Although the emphasis in this paper is on pressure vessel design, the same principles could be applied to any structure made of ductile metal and subjected to limited numbers of load cycles.

Failure of Materials in Mechanical Design

1984-01-01

J. A. Collins , H. Saunders

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The Effect of Hammer Mass and Velocity on Flake Mass

1995-05-01

Harold L. Dibble , Andrew Pelcin

This paper presents the results of controlled fracture experiments designed to investigate the effects on flake mass of varying the mass and velocity of the hammer. It was found that … This paper presents the results of controlled fracture experiments designed to investigate the effects on flake mass of varying the mass and velocity of the hammer. It was found that the contribution of these two independent variables are almost negligible for a given combination of exterior platform angle and platform thickness, though they must be sufficient to initiate production of a flake of a given potential mass.

THE SEAT BELT SYNDROME

1962-05-01

John W. Garrett , Paul W. Braunstein

TO DETERMINE WHETHER SEAT BELTS CAUSE INJURY, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN USE OF SEAT BELTS AND INJURIES TO THE ABDOMEN, PELVIS, AND LUMBAR SPINE WAS STUDIED. SEAT BELT FAILURE WAS ALSO … TO DETERMINE WHETHER SEAT BELTS CAUSE INJURY, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN USE OF SEAT BELTS AND INJURIES TO THE ABDOMEN, PELVIS, AND LUMBAR SPINE WAS STUDIED. SEAT BELT FAILURE WAS ALSO EXAMINED. FREQUENCY OF LOWER TORSO INJURIES WAS SIMILAR FOR INJURED BELT USERS AND INJURED NON-USERS. SERIOUS INJURIES AMONG THE BELT USERS WERE USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE MORE SEVERE ACCIDENTS. BELT FAILURE OCCURRED AMONG LESS THAN ONE PERCENT OF ALL BELTS. BELT FAILURE IMPLIES THAT THE WEARER EXERTED FORCE EXCEEDING THE BELT'S STRENGTH, BUT ONLY ONE SERIOUS LOWER TORSO INJURY WAS FOUND AMOUNG THE BELT FAILURE CASES.

Tooth bending fatigue failures in gears

1996-09-01

P.J.L. Fernandes

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Metal-matrix composites in the automotive industry: Opportunities and challenges

1993-01-01

John Allison , Gerald S. Cole

Comparison of Variable Camshaft Timing Strategies at Part Load

1996-02-01

Thomas G. Leone , E. J. Christenson , Robert A. Stein

Deformation and failure mechanisms of 18650 battery cells under axial compression

2016-10-29

Juner Zhu , Xiaowei Zhang , Elham Sahraei +1 more

Pressure Vessel Design Manual

2013-01-01

Modelling and analysis of different connecting rod material through finite element route

2019-10-12

T. Sathish , S. Dinesh Kumar , S. Karthick

XJTU-SY Rolling Element Bearing Accelerated Life Test Datasets: A Tutorial

2019-01-01

Lei Yaguo , Tianyu Han , Biao Wang +3 more

摘要: 预测与健康管理对保障机械装备安全服役、提高生产效率、增加经济效益至关重要。高质量的全寿命周期数据是预测与健康管理领域的基础性资源,这些数据承载着反映装备服役性能完整退化过程与规律的关键信息。然而,由于数据获取成本高、存储与传输技术有待发展等原因,典型的全寿命周期数据极其匮乏,严重制约了机械装备预测与健康管理技术的理论研究与工程应用。为解决上述难题,西安交通大学机械工程学院雷亚国教授团队联合浙江长兴昇阳科技有限公司,选取工业场景中典型的关键部件——滚动轴承为试验对象,开展了历时两年的滚动轴承加速寿命试验,并将获取的试验数据——XJTU-SY滚动轴承加速寿命试验数据集面向全球学者公开发布。该数据集共包含3种工况下15个滚动轴承的全寿命周期振动信号,采样频率高、数据量大、失效类型丰富、记录信息详细,既可为预测与健康管理领域提供新鲜的"数据血液",推动故障诊断与剩余寿命预测等领域的算法研究,又可助力工业界智能化运维的"落地生根"。摘要: 预测与健康管理对保障机械装备安全服役、提高生产效率、增加经济效益至关重要。高质量的全寿命周期数据是预测与健康管理领域的基础性资源,这些数据承载着反映装备服役性能完整退化过程与规律的关键信息。然而,由于数据获取成本高、存储与传输技术有待发展等原因,典型的全寿命周期数据极其匮乏,严重制约了机械装备预测与健康管理技术的理论研究与工程应用。为解决上述难题,西安交通大学机械工程学院雷亚国教授团队联合浙江长兴昇阳科技有限公司,选取工业场景中典型的关键部件——滚动轴承为试验对象,开展了历时两年的滚动轴承加速寿命试验,并将获取的试验数据——XJTU-SY滚动轴承加速寿命试验数据集面向全球学者公开发布。该数据集共包含3种工况下15个滚动轴承的全寿命周期振动信号,采样频率高、数据量大、失效类型丰富、记录信息详细,既可为预测与健康管理领域提供新鲜的"数据血液",推动故障诊断与剩余寿命预测等领域的算法研究,又可助力工业界智能化运维的"落地生根"。

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Fatigue and Fracture

2005-02-28

Leichtbau in der Fahrzeugtechnik

2013-01-01

Horst E. Friedrich

Failures Related to Welding

2002-01-01

Fatigue Failures

2002-01-01

Material Safety Data Sheet

2012-01-01

Rachel E. Pollock

Material Safety Data Sheet Rachel E. Pollock (bio) Section 1: Material and Manufacturer Identification I write about my work a lot. I’ve published research papers in theater industry journals. I’ve … Material Safety Data Sheet Rachel E. Pollock (bio) Section 1: Material and Manufacturer Identification I write about my work a lot. I’ve published research papers in theater industry journals. I’ve penned technical manuals, internal reference documents, safety training procedures. I maintain a professional blog, La Bricoleuse, the best-known and most-referenced digital publication on methodologies of costume craftwork. And sometimes, this weird work of mine creeps into my essays. The title of my blog makes reference to bricolage, a French term that might best be defined as “resourceful repurposing,” or in pop-reference po-mo parlance, “MacGyver-ing”: ingenious use of what’s at hand. Much of my best work could be described thus—the use of bathroom grout to tar and feather a man, for example. Section 2: Composition and Ingredient Information As work on the show Big River progressed back in March of 2011, I began to write about the secondary psychological effects of the tar-suit process, tentatively, privately, often after dark after a drink or two. I scribbled weird, cathartic journal entries, arcane little vespers, prayers to small but benevolent gods. At the same time, I began to document the work in formal technical language, not just for internal records but also as potential material for La Bricoleuse. [End Page 147] The week the show opened, I posted a step-by-step tutorial about the process of creating the effect, eponymously titled “How to Tar and Feather a Thief.” Section 3: Hazards The primary reference document that accompanies every chemical or substance that I use in my work is a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). We have them on file for literally every inventory item from fabric dye, to Elmer’s glue, to the silicone I used to make the tar effect. I read and reread MSDS documents several times a season, some so frequently they’ve become liturgical. • Barge Adhesive—mutagenic—use with vapor respirator. • Acetone—toxic to central nervous system—handle with butyl gloves. • Chlorine bleach—breaks down tissue with prolonged exposure—do not mix with ammonia. My raising involved no traditions of prayer and rite, but the preparatory reading of an MSDS before working with any regulated substance feels, I imagine, like a similar kind of comfort. I pored over the MSDS for GE Silicone II Bathroom Caulk (Black) every other day for a month. Its familiar sections warning damnation and promising salvation became my catechism. I reread and repeated how to protect myself from dermal ingestion, how to extinguish it in case of fire. I learned nothing about human nature, forgiveness, or vigilante justice. Section 4: First Aid Measures The online erosion of privacy greatly discomfits me. Though I maintain a Face-book profile and write an open-access professional blog, I bristle when people tag me in old photographs without warning, or check me into geographical locations unbidden. This, perhaps as much as any cultivation of smug narrative distance, inspired titular monikers for my essay’s characters—the Assistant, the Actor, the Director. The idea that someone might Google the full actual name of one of my colleagues and find not the fruits of their own labors (or [End Page 148] transgressions), but my filtered and controlled portrayal of them through the lens of my essay mortified me. Perhaps that mortification sprang from the nature of the backstage: unlike performers, we take pride in eschewing the limelight, we the unseen, unshowered with accolades or fame. Section 5: Fire-Fighting Measures All standard extinguishing agents (water, CO2, dry chemical, foam) are suitable for use with burning silicone caulk. Water may cause frothing and foam to develop if used as an extinguishing medium with burning pine tar. Section 6: Accidental Release Measures In theater, there’s the craft, but there’s also the resonant imagery created by the craft, which propels it beyond the boundary into art. Every production is steeped in fragments and layers of meaning—not merely the meaning a playwright imbues in her text, or a composer in his music or lyrics, or that carefully infused through the interpretation of a director or cast of actors. Every artisan with a hand in the production invests her...

Forms of Corrosion

2002-01-01

Factor of Safety and Working Stress

1930-01-01

C. Richard Soderberg

Abstract This paper contains a general discussion of the fundamentals on which working stresses in machine parts should be based. The terms “failure” and “factor of safety” are also discussed. … Abstract This paper contains a general discussion of the fundamentals on which working stresses in machine parts should be based. The terms “failure” and “factor of safety” are also discussed. Rules for the determination of working stress as established by the East Pittsburgh Works of the Westinghouse Co. are given. It is stated as the author’s opinion that the engineering profession is in need of a general code on the subject of working stress. The beginning of such a code has been made in the “Code for Design of Transmission Shafting” approved by the American Standards Association in 1927. In an appendix, this code is also discussed. It is hoped that this paper may lead to some action on the part of the A.S.M.E. toward the establishment of a general standard or code on the subject.

Mechanics and mechanisms of fracture: an introduction

2006-06-01

Alan F. Liu

This text is for readers who want an introductory overview on the mechanical and material factors of fracture in design analysis, material evaluation, and failure prevention. Both fundamental and practical … This text is for readers who want an introductory overview on the mechanical and material factors of fracture in design analysis, material evaluation, and failure prevention. Both fundamental and practical concepts of fracture are described in terms of stress analysis and the mechanical behavior of materials. The metallurgical aspects of deformation and fracture in metals are also discussed. This book can serve as a desktop reference book, or a self-study book, for engineering students and practicing engineers with some, or without, prior training in solid mechanics and/or mechanical metallurgy. The focus is on how machine (or structural) parts fail, why one piece fails in a certain way and another piece fails differently; and engineering tools for analyzing and, ultimately, preventing failure. Metals occupy the main part of the book, but nonmetallic materials such as ceramics, plastics, and fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites are also included. The first two chapters of this book can be considered as the fundamentals of stress analysis and mechanical behavior of materials. Chapter 1 serves as a crash course (or a refresh course) in strength of materials that prepares the reader with the basic analytical tools for the rest of the book. Topics include: fracture mechanics, fatigue, and failures associated with high-temperature creep, stress-corrosion, corrosion-fatigue, and hydrogen-embrittlement. Numerous examples are given through out this book to illustrate the elastic and plastic behavior of materials at a stress raiser, and how the static, fatigue, and residual strengths of a machine part might have been affected by it.

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Manual Materials Handling

1992-06-02

M.M. Ayoub , Anil Mital

1. The Materials Handling Problem 2. Variables in Manual Materials Handling 3. Design Criteria 4. Lifting and Lowering Activity Data Bases 5. Pushing,Pulling,Carrying and Holding Data Bases 6. Job Design/Redesign … 1. The Materials Handling Problem 2. Variables in Manual Materials Handling 3. Design Criteria 4. Lifting and Lowering Activity Data Bases 5. Pushing,Pulling,Carrying and Holding Data Bases 6. Job Design/Redesign and Screening Procedure 7. Pre-employment Strength Testing 8. Training and Manual Handling 9. Determination of Rest Allowances

Failure Analysis and Prevention

2020-12-18

William T. Becker , Roch J. Shipley

If you are a manufacturing engineer, component designer, a materials failure analyst, or if you have a general interest in the nature and prevention of engineering failures, you will be … If you are a manufacturing engineer, component designer, a materials failure analyst, or if you have a general interest in the nature and prevention of engineering failures, you will be interested in the new and substantial revision of ASM Handbook, Volume 11, Failure Analysis and Prevention. The new Volume 11, with a focus on the root causes of failure, describes the principles, practices, and analytical techniques of failure analysis, so that root causes are properly identified and corrected for the ultimate objective of failure prevention. The newly reorganized Volume 11 begins with sections on the general engineering aspects of failure prevention, with coverage on fundamental root causes, materials selection, and the role of design reviews in failure prevention and analysis. Additional sections describe failures related to metals manufacturing operations, and the increasingly important role of life assessment methods in failure prevention. This is followed by a series of additional sections on the failure analysis process, as well as the principles, practices, tools, and techniques used to perform and evaluate failure analysis work, and the causes, mechanisms, appearances, and prevention methodology for the four classic types of failure (fracture, corrosion, wear, distortion). Contents include: Engineering Aspects of Failure and Prevention; Manufacturing Aspects of Failure and Prevention; Structural Life Assessment Methods; Principles and Practice of Failure Analysis; Tools and Techniques in Failure Analysis; Fracture; Corrosion Related Failures; Wear Failures; Distortion.

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Analisis Perambatan Retak Fatigue pada Baja AISI 4140 dengan Perlakuan Multi-austempering

2025-06-24

Sugianto Sugianto , Mohammad Badaruddin , Lusmeilia Afriani +2 more | Jurnal Profesi Insinyur Universitas Lampung

Penelitian ini mengkaji perilaku perambatan retak lelah pada baja AISI 4140 yang diberi perlakuan panas multi-austempering. Spesimen uji tarik dan perambatan retak lelah (Fatigue Crack Proopagation-FCP) disiapkan masing-masing sesuai dengan … Penelitian ini mengkaji perilaku perambatan retak lelah pada baja AISI 4140 yang diberi perlakuan panas multi-austempering. Spesimen uji tarik dan perambatan retak lelah (Fatigue Crack Proopagation-FCP) disiapkan masing-masing sesuai dengan ASTM E8 dan ASTM E647. Multi-austempering dilakukan dengan memanaskan spesimen pada suhu austenit selama 10 menit menggunakan koil pemanas induksi. Spesimen kemudian direndam dalam salt bath untuk setiap waktu transformasi isotermal 60 menit pada tiga tingkat suhu austempering dari 312°C hingga 412°C dengan kenaikan suhu 50°C. Uji pertumbuhan retak tarik dan lelah dilakukan pada spesimen anil dan multi-austemper. Telah diamati bahwa perlakuan panas multi-austempering secara signifikan meningkatkan sifat tarik dan sifat FCP baja AISI 4140. Pengamatan mikrostruktur menunjukkan bahwa fasa bainitik dan sisa austenit meningkatkan kekuatan tarik dan menurunkan laju perambatan retak lelah (da/dN). Ditemukan bahwa struktur bainitik merupakan penghalang yang efektif dalam mengurangi perambatan retak lelah seiring dengan meningkatnya siklus pembebanan lelah.

Fatigue Life and Fatigue Fracture Analysis of a Jib Crane Using Finite Element Analysis

2025-06-24

Yong-Ki Choi , Jaesun Lee | Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers

Adhesive Bonds and Wind Turbine Blade Failure: An Industry Perspective

2025-06-23

M. S. Malkin , Dayton Griffin , A. Zambrano +2 more | SAMPE JOURNAL

Wind turbine blades are large composite structures with demanding performance requirements and commercial pressures toward low costs. Adhesive bonds are critical structural elements in most blades. A 140 m long … Wind turbine blades are large composite structures with demanding performance requirements and commercial pressures toward low costs. Adhesive bonds are critical structural elements in most blades. A 140 m long blade may have 800 m of structural adhesive bond lines composed of toughened epoxy adhesive. Adhesive bond lines typically connect the two shells at the leading and trailing edges of the blade and connect the shell-integrated spar caps with one or more shear webs. In addition, co-bonded interfaces (bonds between pre-cured components and infused resin) are present within most modern blades, both in the originally manufactured structure and in repairs to blade structure. In the authors’ experience, failures of adhesive bonds are among the leading causes of wind turbine blade structural damage and failures. While blade failures are rare occurrences, when they do occur, the consequences can be significant. While much has been written on adhesion and adhesive bonds, there are few publicly available references that provide detailed information on failures of wind turbine blade bonds. Blade manufacturers or wind energy project owners and/or operators do not typically disclose the details of blade failure investigations publicly. The authors have extensive experience with blade failure investigations and blade factory assessments; these activities provide insights into the critical aspects of adhesive bonds in blades. This paper presents the authors’ understanding of the causes of adhesive bond failures in blades, including failure modes and potential causal factors for blade bond failures, and provides perspectives on what it takes to consistently make good adhesive bonds (e.g., bonds that meet specifications and requirements) in blades.

Fatigue life analysis of RV reducer crankshaft considering material inclusions

2025-06-23

Zhaoliang Cui , Xiongwei Yang , Zehua Han +3 more | International Journal of Fatigue

Failure analysis of large Babbitt alloy seal rings in hydrogen-cooled generators

2025-06-21

Rongchao Li , Song Xue , Fengtao Hu +5 more | Engineering Failure Analysis

Structural and Thermal Failure Analysis of Fifth Frame Gas Turbine Blade

2025-06-16

Wurood Asaad M. , Ruaa Hatem Kadhim | Advances in transdisciplinary engineering

This study uses mechanical analysis to investigate the reasons responsible for the gas turbine blades failure in a power plant. Mainly, the study deals with the fifth frame gas turbine … This study uses mechanical analysis to investigate the reasons responsible for the gas turbine blades failure in a power plant. Mainly, the study deals with the fifth frame gas turbine blade from a gas turbine engine. The blade is made from nickel-based super alloys. This study assumes the failure in the blade material is due to the high temperature and large centrifugal forces during blade operation. The performance of the turbine blades, which are composed of INCONEL 792, deals with static and thermal analysis. The software ANSYS 19.2 was utilized and solid works. Turbine blade modeling was achieved by solid works, while analysis was completed by ANSYS 19.2 software. The structural and thermal performance of the turbine blade were examined. Turbine blade failure causes have also been identified. It was observed the turbine blade’s tip section showed no signs of rubbing, suggesting the blade’s elongation is within the safe range. The turbine blade’s upper surface along the blade roots and near its root exhibit the highest levels of stresses and strains about 279.95 MPa and 0.0485 mm respectively. The blade root has the lowest temperature (245°C) while the blade tip parts have the highest temperature (1200°C). This is clear evidence there is temperature gradient from the blade tip to its root. The recorded temperatures are below the point at which the blade material melts.Abstract goes here.

Torque Characteristics of Double Air-Gap PMSM for High Output and Safety Operation in Electric Power Equipments

2025-06-16

Sung‐In Jeong | The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers

Fracture Failure Analysis of Top Drive Guide Rail

2025-06-15

Jinlan Zhao , Feng Cao , Dejun Li +3 more | Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention

Design and Finite Element Analysis of a New Type of Skeleton-Free, Traversing Secondary Lining Trolley

2025-06-09

Liang He | Journal of Architectural Research and Development

To effectively address the challenge where the speed of tunnel lining construction struggles to match that of tunnel face and inverted arch construction, and to enhance the quality of secondary … To effectively address the challenge where the speed of tunnel lining construction struggles to match that of tunnel face and inverted arch construction, and to enhance the quality of secondary lining, a new type of skeleton-free, traversing secondary lining trolley has been developed. This trolley features a set of gantries paired with two sets of formwork. The formwork adopts a multi-segment hinged and strengthened design, ensuring its own strength can meet the requirements of secondary lining concrete pouring without relying on the support of the gantries. When retracted, the formwork can be transported by the gantries through another set of formwork in the supporting state, enabling early formwork support, effectively accelerating the construction progress of the tunnel’s secondary lining, and extending the maintenance time of the secondary lining with the formwork. Finite element software modeling was used for simulation calculations, and the results indicate that the structural strength, stiffness, and other performance parameters of the new secondary lining trolley meet the design requirements, verifying the rationality of the design.

Casting Defect Analysis and Optimization of an Internal Combustion Engine Piston using FEA

2025-06-09

Manthan M Gaikwad | International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology

Abstract: This research investigates the impact of casting defects—particularly shrinkage and porosity—on the thermal and structural performance of aluminum pistons used in internal combustion engines. The study integrates CAD modeling … Abstract: This research investigates the impact of casting defects—particularly shrinkage and porosity—on the thermal and structural performance of aluminum pistons used in internal combustion engines. The study integrates CAD modeling via CATIA V5 with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) through ANSYS to evaluate piston behavior under high thermal stress. Three design iterations were examined: one without shrinkage, one with uniform shrinkage, and one with varying shrinkage. Results highlight that casting defects significantly raise stress concentrations, reduce fatigue life, and threaten component integrity. The study concludes with optimization recommendations and proposes advanced defect-mitigation strategies using future digital manufacturing technologies

DYNAMIC NUMERICAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF A CRANKSHAFT OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

2025-06-01

Kacper CIEŚLAR , J. Nowakowski , T. Knefel | Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology Series Transport

Dynamic numerical stress analysis of a crankshaft subjected to load at selected operational points of a diesel engine is presented in this paper. The calculations and the analyses were carried … Dynamic numerical stress analysis of a crankshaft subjected to load at selected operational points of a diesel engine is presented in this paper. The calculations and the analyses were carried out for six values of engine rotational speed and for two temperature values of engine structural elements. At each operating point of the engine, the piston-crank system was loaded with maximal gas pressure force, and additionally, inertia forces resulting from rotational speed of the crankshaft were taken into consideration. The analysis was carried out to obtain the distribution of the stress and to indicate critical areas where concentration of the stress may occur. In addition, the analysis was extended to other operational factors, such as the determination of the natural frequency of vibrations and effects of maximal torque on torsion of the crankshaft.

Failure analysis of pump shaft fracture of a high-pressure coke removal water pump

2025-06-01

Yanling Zhao , Qi Liu , Fan Zhou | Engineering Failure Analysis

Study on fracture mechanisms of steering tie rod and steering knuckle arms of a heavy semi-trailer tractor based on accelerated life testing in a proving ground

2025-06-01

Haibo Yu , Yuzhuo Men , Bingkui Ji +2 more | Advances in Mechanical Engineering

To investigate the failure of the steering tie rods and steering knuckle arms of a heavy semi-trailer tractor during accelerated life testing in a proving ground, detailed detections were performed … To investigate the failure of the steering tie rods and steering knuckle arms of a heavy semi-trailer tractor during accelerated life testing in a proving ground, detailed detections were performed on the material structural properties and machining accuracy of the failed components. Using the Neuber’s rule and cyclic hysteresis loop equation, the measured nominal stress was transformed into the local stress-strain cycles. The fatigue damage of the fracture components was calculated using the Morrow’s mean stress correction model. The findings from the detections and calculations indicate that the material properties are in compliance with designed technical specifications. The steering tie rods exhibited buckling deformation after becoming unstable due to its high flexibility and thin rod structure, which induced cyclic dynamic additional bending moments, identified as the primary cause of its fracture. The fracture surfaces and crack origins of the steering knuckle arms displayed clear machining tool marks, the conicity and surface roughness did not meet the design specification precision, and the assembly contact area with the steering knuckles was only approximately 20%–30%. This insufficient contact resulted in localized high stress concentrations at the root of the cone body, leading to low-cycle bending fatigue fractures.

Failure investigation of a pipeline of emulsion storage tank to drum filling in a bitumen producing plant

2025-06-01

Arup Kumar Mandal , Nirmal Baran Hui , U.K. Chatterjee | Engineering Failure Analysis

A Survey of Failure in Automobile Engine Crankshaft

2025-05-31

Ashok D Wale | International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology

The crankshafts of piston engine with circular cross section are invariably used for transmission of power. In this survey, failure analyses of different engine crankshafts are studied. In crankshaft the … The crankshafts of piston engine with circular cross section are invariably used for transmission of power. In this survey, failure analyses of different engine crankshafts are studied. In crankshaft the failure is occurred due to fluctuating load called as fatigue failure. Mechanical fatigue failure and thermal fatigue failure are probably the most common cause of crankshaft failure. The fatigue crack initiated from the web-fillet region, crank pin region and lubricating holes. Stress concentration occurring at the key way root radius & sharp changes in cross-sectional area of shaft. For analysis, different methods are used such as visual analysis, microscopic analysis using SEM (Scanning electron microscope) and by conducting some laboratory test. To prevent the failure of crankshaft, operating, mechanical and repairing sources of failure are to be controlled. Also machining and final grinding has to be done carefully to prevent formation of discontinuities or crack like defect in fillet region. Induction hardening or nitriding of fillet region is required also fillet radius need to be increased.

学界情報：10th International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis (CMD2024) 報告

2025-05-31

遼主谷 | IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy

Practicalities of vacuum extraction versus forceps for forced delivery

2025-05-30

Shunji Suzuki | Hypertension Research in Pregnancy

Influence of Thermal Treatment on Fracture Due to Cyclic Fatigue of Rotary Files

2025-05-28

Verónica Méndez-González , Amaury Pozos‐Guillén , María Concepción Betanzos-Juárez +4 more | Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences

The objective of this study aimed to assess the cyclic fatigue fracture of ZenFlexTM, ProTaper GoldTM, and HyFlexTM. EDM rotary files in simulated curved canals, along with evaluating their physicochemical … The objective of this study aimed to assess the cyclic fatigue fracture of ZenFlexTM, ProTaper GoldTM, and HyFlexTM. EDM rotary files in simulated curved canals, along with evaluating their physicochemical properties and thermal behavior. A total of 69 instruments from three different NiTi rotary file systems were utilized: ProTaper GoldTM (08/25), HyflexTM EDM (08/25), and ZenflexTM (06/25). The analysis consisted of four phases: Phase 1 involved SEM observation to detect manufacturing defects; Phase 2 focused on cyclic fatigue-induced fracture in a curved canal with a 60° radius of curvature of 2 mm and a diameter of 1.5 mm; Phase 3 encompassed SEM observation of the fractured fragment and obtaining a fractographic study; Phase 4 included physicochemical characterization, such as equiatomic relationships by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), phase transformation by DSC, crystalline structure by X-ray diffraction, and morphological analysis by SEM. Microcracks and defects were observed on cutting edges of ZenFlexTM and ProTaper GoldTM files. The mean cycles to fracture were 2814.50±161.58, 2649.94±120.93, and 1362.89±88.33 for HyFlexTM, ZenFlexTM, and ProTaper GoldTM, respectively. Moreover, different phase transition temperatures were noted, with ZenFlexTM in the austenite phase, ProTaper GoldTM in martensite, and HyFlexTM in the R phase at room temperature, as corroborated by X-ray diffraction. Additionally, a quasi-equimolar relationship was observed for the different systems, with ZenFlexTM exhibiting a reduced helical angle, followed by HyFlexTM and ProTaper GoldTM. ZenFlexTM files demonstrated greater resistance to cyclic fatigue, which appeared to be attributed to their physicochemical properties, heat treatment, and design.