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Physical Education and Training Studies

Works Count: 55051

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This cluster of papers covers a wide range of topics related to physical education, sports science, and health promotion. It includes research on motor skills development, athletic training, fitness technology, pedagogical control, youth physical fitness, mental health, and biomechanical analysis. The papers explore various aspects of physical education and sports science with a focus on improving physical fitness, developing motor skills, and promoting overall health.

Keywords

Physical Education; Sports Science; Motor Skills Development; Health Promotion; Athletic Training; Fitness Technology; Pedagogical Control; Youth Physical Fitness; Mental Health; Biomechanical Analysis

Kinesiology of the Human Body under Normal and Pathological Conditions

1955-08-27

Arthur Steindler

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Foundations of physical education 3–11

2007-10-04

Charles A. Bucher

Physical training, oxygen supply and muscle metabolism in 11-13-year old boys.

1972-01-01

Eriksson Bo

Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews

1990-12-01

Yiannis Koutedakis

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Extinction and behavior variability as functions of effortfulness of task.

1943-11-01

O. Hobart Mowrer , Helen M.F. Jones

The Role of Physical Education in the Development of Active Lifestyles

1991-06-01

Kathleen M. Haywood

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: physical activitymotor developmentphysical education Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: physical activitymotor developmentphysical education

Somatomedin-C Levels in Healthy Young and Old Men: Relationship to Peak and 24-Hour Integrated Levels of Growth Hormone

1985-01-01

J. R. Florini , Patricia N. Prinz , Michael V. Vitiello +1 more

We investigated the relationship between growth hormone secretion and somatomedin levels as a function of age in normal healthy men. There was a substantial decrease with age in somatomedin levels … We investigated the relationship between growth hormone secretion and somatomedin levels as a function of age in normal healthy men. There was a substantial decrease with age in somatomedin levels from 0.95 ± 0.06 (M ± SEM) units/ml in young (23 to 27 years) men to 0.68 ± 0.07 in old (58 to 82 years) men. The blood samples were taken throughout a 24-hour period, so it was possible to analyze the data for correlations between average somatomedin levels and various aspects of growth hormone secretion. There was a significant correlation of somatomedin level with the 24-hour integrated growth hormone level, and a nearly significant correlation with the sum of the highest three peaks, but no correlation with the highest nighttime peak or the basal level of growth hormone. These lower blood levels of somatomedin in the aged may be responsible, at least in part, for the catabolic effects on muscle and bone frequently associated with aging.

Effect of growth hormone treatment on hormonal parameters, body composition and strength in athletes

1993-04-01

Roman Deyssig , H Frisch , Werner F. Blum +1 more

The effect of recombinant GH on strength, body composition and endocrine parameters in power athletes was investigated in a controlled study. Twenty-two healthy, non-obese males (age 23.4 +/- 0.5 years; … The effect of recombinant GH on strength, body composition and endocrine parameters in power athletes was investigated in a controlled study. Twenty-two healthy, non-obese males (age 23.4 +/- 0.5 years; ideal body weight 122 +/- 3.1%, body fat 10.1 +/- 1.0%; mean +/- SEM) were included. Probands were assigned in a double-blind manner to either GH treatment (0.09U (kg BW)-1 day-1 sc) or placebo for a period of six weeks. To exclude concurrent treatment with androgenic-anabolic steroids urine specimens were tested at regular intervals for these substances. Serum was assayed for GH, IGF-I, IGF-binding proteins, insulin and thyroxine before the onset of the study and at two-weekly intervals thereafter. Maximal voluntary strength of the biceps and quadriceps muscles was measured on a strength training apparatus. Fat mass and lean body mass were derived from measurements of skinfolds at ten sites with a caliper. For final evaluation only data of those 8 and 10 subjects in the two groups who completed the study were analyzed. GH, IGF-I and IGF-binding protein were in the normal range before therapy and increased significantly in the GH-treated group. Fasting insulin concentrations increased insignificantly and thyroxine levels decreased significantly in the GH-treated probands. There was no effect of GH treatment on maximal strength during concentric contraction of the biceps and quadriceps muscles. Body weight and body fat were not changed significantly during treatment. We conclude that the anabolic, lipolytic effect of GH therapy in adults depends on the degree of fat mass and GH deficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Exercise and children's health

1990-11-01

Thomas Rowland

Part 1 Developmental exercise physiology - the physiological basis of physical fitness in children: a primer of exercise physiology the special problems of paediatric exercise research physical fitness and habitual … Part 1 Developmental exercise physiology - the physiological basis of physical fitness in children: a primer of exercise physiology the special problems of paediatric exercise research physical fitness and habitual physical activity endurance exercise fitness muscle strength and endurance. Part 2 The influence of exercise on health: exercise and coronary artery disease obesity and physical activity physical activity and psychological health exercise in the management of cardiopulmonary disease physical activity and diabetes mellitus risks of sport participation during childhood. Part 3 Strategies for improving exercise habits of children: clinical approaches to the sedentary child exercise activities for children.

6 Physiology of Upper Body Exercise

1986-01-01

Michael N. Sawka

Correlates of Physical Activity Behavior in Rural Youth

1997-09-01

Russell R. Pate , Stewart G. Trost , Gwen M. Felton +3 more

The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of physical activity behavior in a sample of rural, predominantly African American youth. Three hundred sixty-one fifth-grade students from two rural … The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of physical activity behavior in a sample of rural, predominantly African American youth. Three hundred sixty-one fifth-grade students from two rural counties in South Carolina (69% African American, median age = 11 years) completed a questionnaire designed to measure beliefs and social influences regarding physical activity, physical activity self-efficacy, perceived physical activity habits of family members and friends, and access to exercise and fitness equipment at home. After school physical activity and television watching were assessed using the Previous Day Physical Activity Recall (PDPAR). Students were classified as physically active according to a moderate physical activity standard: two or more 30-min blocks at an intensity of 3 METs (metabolic equivalents) or greater, and a vigorous physical activity standard: one or more 30-min blocks at an intensity of 6 METs or greater. According to the moderate physical activity standard, 34.9% of students were classified as low-active. Multivariate analysis revealed age, gender, television watching, and exercise equipment at home to be significant correlates of low activity status. According to the vigorous physical activity standard, 32.1% of the students were classified as low-active. Multivariate analysis revealed age, gender, television watching, and self-efficacy with respect to seeking support for physical activity to be significant correlates of low activity status. In summary, gender and the amount of television watching were found to be the most important correlates of physical activity in rural, predominantly African American youth.

Political Culture and Political Preferences

1988-06-01

David D. Laitin , Aaron Wíldavsky

Aaron Wildavsky has argued that it is theoretically more useful to think of political preferences as rooted in political culture than to entertain alternative bases such as schemas or ideologies. … Aaron Wildavsky has argued that it is theoretically more useful to think of political preferences as rooted in political culture than to entertain alternative bases such as schemas or ideologies. In the APSA presidential address in which he made his case, Wildavsky also advocated a program of research on political cultures, and welcomed “challenges and improvements.” David Laitin accepts the invitation; he variously takes issue with Wildavsky's concept of political culture.

Effects of contract-relax stretching training on muscle performance in athletes

1997-10-01

M. Händel , Thomas Horstmann , H.-H. Dickhuth +1 more

Habituation of the psycho-galvanic reflex in patients with anxiety states and in normal subjects

1964-06-01

M Lader , L. Wing

STIMULATION PROCEDURE Twenty identical auditory stimuli were applied in a predetermined sequence at intervals varying randomly from 45 to 80 seconds.Each stimulus was a 1,000 c.p.s.pure tone of one second's … STIMULATION PROCEDURE Twenty identical auditory stimuli were applied in a predetermined sequence at intervals varying randomly from 45 to 80 seconds.Each stimulus was a 1,000 c.p.s.pure tone of one second's duration.Before each experiment, the tone was standard- 210 by copyright.

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LIMITING FACTORS OF PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE

1975-01-01

J. Keul , J. K. Barclay

The description of personality. I. Foundations of trait measurement.

1943-01-01

Raymond B. Cattell

Menarcheal age and the height, weight, and skeletal age of girls age 7 to 17 years

1943-05-01

Katherine Simmons , William Greulich

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on the Lipid-Lipoprotein Profile of Children and Adolescents

2000-01-01

Keith Tolfrey , Andrew M. Jones , Ian G. Campbell

The Energy Cost of Human Locomotion on Land and in Water*

1986-04-01

Pietro di Prampero

The energy cost of the forms of locomotion discussed throughout this article is summarized in Table 9. This table, as well as the preceding sections of this article, are designed … The energy cost of the forms of locomotion discussed throughout this article is summarized in Table 9. This table, as well as the preceding sections of this article, are designed to provide a rather comprehensive and simple set of information for potential readers: medical doctors, who should be able to prescribe to their patients (obese, hypertensive, cardiac, etc.) the correct amount and type of exercise, thus making use of exercise as of any other drug, of which it is imperative to know posology and contraindications; athletes, trainers, and sportsmen in general, who should gear correctly their diet to the type and amount of physical exercise; physical educators, who should be aware of the specific characteristics of the exercise modes they propose to their pupils, as a function of their sex, age, and athletic capacity. However, besides these practical applications, the notions discussed throughout this article bear also a more general interest. Indeed, they allow a better understanding of the motion of man, that is, of the only machine, which besides moving about, also tries to understand how he does it.

Effect of blood volume on sweating rate and body fluids in exercising humans

1981-12-01

S. M. Fortney , E. R. Nadel , C. B. Wenger +1 more

Five relatively fit men performed cycle ergometer exercise (65–70% VO2max) for up to 30 min at 30 degrees C, 40% rh. The data from control (normo-volemic), hypovolemic [8.7% reduction in … Five relatively fit men performed cycle ergometer exercise (65–70% VO2max) for up to 30 min at 30 degrees C, 40% rh. The data from control (normo-volemic), hypovolemic [8.7% reduction in blood volume (BV) induced by diuretics], and hypervolemic [7.9% expansion of BV induced by infusion if isotonic serum albumin] tests revealed significant effects of BV on body fluid and sweating responses. During control exercise, BV decreased an average (+/- SE) 370 +/- 64 ml at 20 min. A significantly smaller loss occurred after 20 min of hypovolemic exercise (270 +/- 29 ml). The decrease in BV during 30 min of hypervolemic exercise (541 +/- 43 ml) was significantly greater than during control (421 +/- 50 ml). Blood volume reduction also significantly altered the control of sweating rate independent of changes in plasma osmolality. The slope of the sweating rate-to-esophageal temperature relationship (SR/Tes) was significantly reduced from the mean value of 1.07 +/- 0.16 and 1.09 +/- 0.18 mg X min-1 X cm-2 X degrees C-1 during control tests, measured from the chest and arm, respectively, to 0.64 +/- 0.11 and 0.63 +/- 0.11 mg X min-1 X cm-2 X degrees C-1 during hypovolemia. The SR/Tes slope was unchanged in hypovolemia over active tissues (calf). Hypervolemia had no effect on the control of sweating at any site. Both the body fluid and sweating responses during hypovolemia act to conserve circulating blood volume during exercise.

Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and techniques

1991-02-01

Michael Jones

Effect of acute resistance exercise on postexercise energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate

1993-10-01

Christopher L. Melby , Catharina Scholl , Gaylen L. Edwards +1 more

Two separate experiments were performed to determine the effect of acute resistive exercise on postexercise energy expenditure in male subjects previously trained in resistive exercise. In experiment 1, after measurement … Two separate experiments were performed to determine the effect of acute resistive exercise on postexercise energy expenditure in male subjects previously trained in resistive exercise. In experiment 1, after measurement of their resting metabolic rate (RMR) at 0700 h and their ingestion of a standardized meal at 0800 h, seven subjects (age range 22–40 yr) beginning at 1400 h completed a 90-min weight-lifting protocol. Postexercise metabolic rate (PEMR) was measured continuously for 2 h after exercise and compared with a preexercise baseline. RMR was measured the following morning 15 h after completion of the workout. In experiment 2, six different men (age range 20–35 yr) completed a similar experimental protocol as well as a control condition on a separate day in which metabolic rate was measured for 2 h after a period of quiet sitting. For both experiments, PEMR remained elevated for the entire 2-h measured recovery period, with the average oxygen consumption for the last 6 min elevated by 11–12%. RMR measured the morning after exercise was 9.4% higher in experiment 1 and 4.7% higher in experiment 2 than on the previous day. In experiment 2, the postabsorptive respiratory exchange ratio was significantly lower the morning after the exercise bout. Strenuous resistive exercise may elevate PEMR for a prolonged period and may enhance postexercise lipid oxidation.

Theories of exercise behavior.

2000-01-01

Stuart Biddle , Claudio R. Nigg

Effect of physical training in adolescent boys.

1969-09-01

Björn Ekblom

The somatotypes of athletes--a review.

1970-12-01

Carter Je

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.

1980-01-01

E. Knutsson

Stabilization of body position as the main task of postural regulation.

1981-05-01

V. S. Gurfinkel , М. И. Липшиц , S. Mori +1 more

Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology

1998-09-01

Carl T. Hayashi

Muscle receptors and movement

1982-01-01

David Burke

THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE

1933-02-25

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor … Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal

Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews

1974-08-01

Duane A. Williams

Physiological and methodological aspects of rate of force development assessment in human skeletal muscle

2017-12-20

David Rodríguez‐Rosell , Fernando Pareja‐Blanco , Per Aagaard +1 more

Rate of force development (RFD) refers to the ability of the neuromuscular system to increase contractile force from a low or resting level when muscle activation is performed as quickly … Rate of force development (RFD) refers to the ability of the neuromuscular system to increase contractile force from a low or resting level when muscle activation is performed as quickly as possible, and it is considered an important muscle strength parameter, especially for athletes in sports requiring high-speed actions. The assessment of RFD has been used for strength diagnosis, to monitor the effects of training interventions in both healthy populations and patients, discriminate high-level athletes from those of lower levels, evaluate the impairment in mechanical muscle function after acute bouts of eccentric muscle actions and estimate the degree of fatigue and recovery after acute exhausting exercise. Notably, the evaluation of RFD in human skeletal muscle is a complex task as influenced by numerous distinct methodological factors including mode of contraction, type of instruction, method used to quantify RFD, devices used for force/torque recording and ambient temperature. Another important aspect is our limited understanding of the mechanisms underpinning rapid muscle force production. Therefore, this review is primarily focused on (i) describing the main mechanical characteristics of RFD; (ii) analysing various physiological factors that influence RFD; and (iii) presenting and discussing central biomechanical and methodological factors affecting the measurement of RFD. The intention of this review is to provide more methodological and analytical coherency on the RFD concept, which may aid to clarify the thinking of coaches and sports scientists in this area.

Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews

1986-06-01

James E. Barnhill

Exercise, sports, and performance arts benefit cognition via a common process.

2019-06-13

Phillip D. Tomporowski , Caterina Pesce

Exercise training is widely promoted as a method to enhance both physical health and cognitive function. Although routine exercise engenders physiological adaptations to the body and brain, its effects on … Exercise training is widely promoted as a method to enhance both physical health and cognitive function. Although routine exercise engenders physiological adaptations to the body and brain, its effects on mental processing are uncertain. Our review of the experimental evidence reveals that acknowledging the role of skill acquisition may help clarify the exercise-cognition relation. Instructional methods that optimize physical and mental challenge provide the conditions necessary to produce long-term changes in the way individuals process information, make decisions, select movements, and experience the consequences of actions. Main conclusions drawn by intersecting theory-based research on the linkages between chronic exercise and cognitive function and research on the associations of both sport and performance arts with cognitive function are as follows: (1) Exercise may be but one of many types of movement activities that can benefit cognition; (2) the process of skill acquisition provides a parsimonious explanation for outcomes across exercise, sport, and performing art studies; (3) the allocation of mental resources required during skill acquisition, independently from or interactively with the level of physical energy expenditure, is essential for reaping the largest cognitive benefits; and (4) cognitive benefits obtained via skill-acquisition interventions are enduring. This review also highlights issues that call for future research to provide convergent evidence for the relation between skill training and cognition; the inclusion of outcome measures other than executive functions; and a naturalistic translational approach to complement controlled experiments in chronic exercise and cognition and skill learning research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

On the Construction of Movements

2020-10-12

Mark L. Latash

Kinematic links of the body and degrees of freedom of mobility. Difficulties of the control of movement for a system with more than one degree of freedom. The main goal … Kinematic links of the body and degrees of freedom of mobility. Difficulties of the control of movement for a system with more than one degree of freedom. The main goal of coordination. The significance of skeletal muscle elasticity and the peripheral cycle of interactions. Examples of complex interrelations between muscle forces and movement. The principle of sensory corrections. The reflex loop. The intrinsic, reactive, and external forces. The definition of motor coordination. Levels of the construction of movements. Leading and background levels. The list of levels of movement construction.

Training Future Physical Education Teachers for Professional Activities under the Conditions of Inclusive Education

2021-08-23

Iryna Demchenko , Borys Maksymchuk , Valentyna Bilan +1 more

According to the concept of developing inclusive education, the process of introducing inclusion in schools has been intensified. This is due to the training of physical education teachers to work … According to the concept of developing inclusive education, the process of introducing inclusion in schools has been intensified. This is due to the training of physical education teachers to work with children with special educational needs during specially organized courses, whose fragmentation has not greatly increased the level of teachers’ qualifications. The research aims to scientifically justify theoretical and methodological foundations, develop and experimentally verify the methodology of training future physical education teachers for professional activities under the conditions of inclusive education, taking into account the specifics of their psychological, theoretical and practical readiness for it. Pedagogical conditions for training future physical education teachers for professional activities under the conditions of inclusive education are defined as follows: prioritizing the content of programmes and teaching methodology; improving the content, forms, methods and means required to master normative, psychological, pedagogical and correctional theoretical and practical and scientific foundations of inclusive education, as well as didactic and correctional and developmental technologies during the classes dedicated to professional teaching methodologies; consolidating professional knowledge and practical skills of students based on the simulation modelling and reflection on pedagogical experience of future physical education teachers under the conditions of inclusive education with the relevant update of the content of teaching placements. The experimental work involved 444 students majoring in physical education and sport (222 students in the experimental and the control groups). Given the summarized data of final tests, it becomes clear that the students in the EG tend to have a high level of such readiness (at the ascertaining stage – 28.6%, at the formative stage – 47.0%, the difference being 18.4%). The results of the experiment prove the effectiveness of introducing the developed methodology of training future physical education teachers for professional activities under the conditions of inclusive education.

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Association between sedentary behavior and low back pain; A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021-12-19

Sadegh Baradaran Mahdavi , Roya Riahi , Babak Vahdatpour +1 more

Background: Sedentariness is a substantial risk for many chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate the correlation of sedentary behavior and its indicators with low back pain (LBP) among adults and … Background: Sedentariness is a substantial risk for many chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate the correlation of sedentary behavior and its indicators with low back pain (LBP) among adults and children. Methods: Original articles published up to April 28, 2020, using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were evaluated. Odds ratio (OR, 95% CI) was considered the overall effect size for desired associations. Results: We reviewed 49 English articles with analytical observational study design, of which, 27 studies with cross sectional/survey design were retained in the meta-analysis. Among adults, sedentary lifestyle was a considerable risk factor for LBP (OR=1.24, 1.02-1.5); prolonged sitting time (OR=1.42, 1.09-1.85) and driving time (OR=2.03, 1.22-3.36) were the significant risk factors. Sedentary behavior was associated with LBP in office workers (OR=1.23). Moreover, excess weight (OR=1.35, 1.14-1.59) and smoking (OR=1.28, 1.03-1.60) were associated with LBP. Among children, sedentary lifestyle was a remarkable risk factor for LBP (OR=1.41, 1.24- 1.60); prolonged TV watching (OR=1.23, 1.08-1.41) and computer/mobile using and console playing time (OR=1.63, 1.36-1.95) were significant risk factors for LBP. Consumption of coffee, however, has yield conflicting results to be considered as a risk factor. Moreover, the researches on the correlation between sedentariness and high-intensity LBP are scarce and inconclusive. Conclusion: Sedentary behavior, whether in work or leisure time, associates with a moderate increase in the risk of LBP in adults, children and adolescents.

Psychology of Physical Activity

2007-09-12

Stuart Biddle , Nanette Mutrie

Glycogen, Glycolytic Intermediates and High-Energy Phosphates Determined in Biopsy Samples of Musculus Quadriceps Femoris of Man at Rest. Methods and Variance of Values

1974-04-01

R. C. Harris , E. Hultman , L.‐O. Nordesjö

Fundamentals of sports training

1981-01-01

L. P. Matveev

Exercise psychology : the influence of physical exercise on psychological processes

1993-01-01

Peter Seraganian

Partial table of contents: HISTORICAL AND CONCEPTUAL UNDERPINNINGS. Historical and Conceptual Roots of Exercise Psychology (W. Rejeski & A. Thompson). THE STATUS OF RELEVANT RESEARCH. Aerobic Fitness and the Response … Partial table of contents: HISTORICAL AND CONCEPTUAL UNDERPINNINGS. Historical and Conceptual Roots of Exercise Psychology (W. Rejeski & A. Thompson). THE STATUS OF RELEVANT RESEARCH. Aerobic Fitness and the Response to Psychological Stress (D. Holmes). On the Affective Benefits of Acute Aerobic Exercise: Taking Stock After Twenty Years of Research (K. Tuson & D. Sinyor). Meta-Analytic Techniques in Exercise Psychology (W. Salazar, et al.). Sympathetic Response to Acute Psychosocial Stressors in Humans: Linkage to Physical Exercise and Training (F. Peronnet & A. Szabo). APPLICATIONS. Psychological Effects of Exercise Among the Elderly (R. Fillingim & J. Blumenthal). Social-Psychological Aspects of Fitness Promotion (L. Brawley & W. Rodgers). OVERVIEW. Current Status and Future Directions in the Field of Exercise Psychology (P. Seraganian). Indexes.

Body Balance Ability of Girls Practicing Cheerleading

2025-06-24

Joanna M. Bukowska , Natalia Korycińska , Małgorzata Potocka-Mitan +3 more | Applied Sciences

Background: Cheerleading is an emerging and increasingly popular sport among girls. The figures performed during routines require a high level of balance from the athletes. The aim of the study … Background: Cheerleading is an emerging and increasingly popular sport among girls. The figures performed during routines require a high level of balance from the athletes. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of participation in cheerleading classes on body balance in girls during early adolescence. Methods: A total of 35 female cheerleaders from the Power Stars Sząbruk Club (Poland) were divided into three age groups: 8–9 years (n = 15), 10–11 years (n = 11), and 12–14 years (n = 9). Balance assessment was performed using the E.P.S R/1 pedobarographic platform. The Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni post hoc correction was used to analyze intergroup differences in foot load distribution and balance parameters. Results: The analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the pressure on the forefoot area of the right foot (p = 0.007) between the 8–9 and 12–14 age groups, and in the balance level between the youngest group (8–9 years) and the oldest group (12–14 years) at p = 0.028, as well as between the middle group (10–11 years) and the oldest group (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Participation in cheerleading classes may influence the increase in balance, particularly in terms of the distance of center of pressure (C.O.P.) shifts and the average speed of these shifts. In adolescence, muscle development is crucial, and when closely linked with motor coordination, it helps maintain body stability.

The impact of artificial intelligence-assisted teaching on enhancing physical education quality in secondary vocational schools

2025-06-23

Zhanghua Wu , Rawi Buaduang , Alan R. White +2 more | International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies

This study investigates the effects of the sports prescription teaching model and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted teaching on the intelligent teaching process and the overall quality of physical education (PE) instruction … This study investigates the effects of the sports prescription teaching model and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted teaching on the intelligent teaching process and the overall quality of physical education (PE) instruction in secondary vocational schools. It further examines the mediating role of the intelligent teaching process in enhancing teaching outcomes. A quantitative research design was employed, with data collected from 414 students across five secondary vocational schools in Nanning, China. The study used descriptive statistics, validity and reliability testing, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis to examine the relationships among key variables: sports prescription teaching, AI-assisted teaching, intelligent teaching processes, and PE teaching quality. The intelligent teaching process significantly enhanced PE teaching quality, particularly in personalized training (M = 4.35), skill acquisition (M = 4.33), and classroom interaction and enjoyment (M = 4.31). Key statistical findings include: (1) the sports prescription teaching model significantly predicted intelligent teaching (β = 0.893, R² = 0.798); (2) AI-assisted teaching had a strong positive effect on intelligent teaching (β = 0.900, R² = 0.810); (3) the intelligent teaching process significantly mediated the influence of both teaching models on teaching quality (β = 0.880, R² = 0.798); (4) intelligent teaching enhanced the effectiveness of the sports prescription model (β = 0.866, R² = 0.806); (5) and it amplified the impact of AI-assisted teaching (β = 0.874, R² = 0.810). The intelligent teaching process serves as a crucial mediating factor that enhances the effectiveness of both the sports prescription teaching model and AI-assisted teaching in vocational physical education settings. These findings support the integration of AI technologies and evidence-based instructional models such as sports prescriptions into vocational education. Educators and policymakers are encouraged to adopt intelligent teaching strategies to foster personalized, engaging, and health-promoting PE experiences that improve learning outcomes for vocational students.

Potential Health Benefits and Risks Associated with Calisthenics, a Sport of Increasing Popularity – A Literature Review

2025-06-20

Wiktor Werenkowicz , Aleksandra Boral , Bartłomiej Czarnecki +6 more | Journal of Education Health and Sport

Introduction and purpose: Calisthenics is a sport in which the load and resistance is the body of the person exercising. It can be practiced indoors or in outdoor gyms, and … Introduction and purpose: Calisthenics is a sport in which the load and resistance is the body of the person exercising. It can be practiced indoors or in outdoor gyms, and to perform exercises such as pull-ups, push-ups, jumping jacks and lunges, no special equipment is needed or only basic equipment in the form of a bar and parallel bars. Due to the ease of performing most calisthenic exercises, their availability, and the health benefits of practicing it, its popularity is constantly growing among people of all ages. The purpose of this article is to collect information on the possible health benefits of calisthenics and the most common injuries associated with practicing it. A brief description of the state of knowledge: During calisthenics training using your body weight, people who exercise face a number of mental and physical challenges that depend on the level of advancement of the exercise or gymnastic figure being performed. During calisthenics training using your body weight, exercisers face a number of mental and physical challenges that depend on the level of advancement of the exercises or gymnastic figures performed. These exercises can lead to health benefits as well as injuries. Injuries during body weight exercises can affect any limb. The most common joints that are injured are the knee, shoulder, or wrist joints. The health benefits of this type of exercise are many, both physical, such as reduced cardiovascular risk and muscle growth, and mental, such as reduced anxiety, a lower chance of depression and better sleep. Conclusions: The risk of injury during calisthenics is relatively low, and the health benefits of the exercises are undeniable. Calisthenics is a good choice for people who do not want to spend a lot of money on equipment or a gym membership and want to improve their physical and mental health with a low risk of serious injuries.

INVESTIGATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRENGTH ABILITIES IN 10-11th GRADE STUDENTS

2025-06-20

Maya Heydərova , Nicat Mustafayev , Süleyman Muradlı | Elmi əsərlər.

The article states that for an independent country and its people, the health and physical development of students are among the crucial factors today. In the present era, our nation … The article states that for an independent country and its people, the health and physical development of students are among the crucial factors today. In the present era, our nation needs healthy, strong, resilient, and agile young individuals who are ready to defend their homeland. In this regard, the physical develop-ment of the younger generation, their health, and their formation as individuals are at the center of our state’s attention. Additionally, the article emphasizes that physical education provides a strong foundation for human health and has a positive impact on the development of strength abilities. As an essential component of general education in society, it unites people's will, emotions, and thoughts, bringing them joy and happi-ness while fostering a strong aversion to harmful habits. This means that young students must understand that our nation and our army need healthy, physically strong, agile, determined, and fearless individuals who can respond to the enemy adequately. Therefore, physical education classes play a significant role in ensuring that students, especially boys, grow into healthy and highly skilled individuals with strong physical abilities. The article also clarifies the methods used by teachers in physical education lessons to develop strength abilities and provides valuable recommendations.

The health-improving role of sport based on the example of Georgian wrestlers' achievements at international sporting events

2025-06-18

Edisher Machaidze , Zurab Berikashvili | MODERN ISSUES OF MEDICINE AND MANAGEMENT

In the modern world, observing sports, particularly wrestling, from both a physical and a scientific-medical perspective, is of paramount importance. The trends and dynamics of this sport develop over time … In the modern world, observing sports, particularly wrestling, from both a physical and a scientific-medical perspective, is of paramount importance. The trends and dynamics of this sport develop over time and change over the years and, as it turns out, it is positively correlated with improvements in mass health levels. This article is based on the analysis method developed by the United World Wrestling Organization (Performance Data Analysis – PDA), which allows us to study the current global trends in wrestling, technical and tactical characteristics by weight category, evaluate the performance of Georgian athletes in important international competitions, and draw appropriate conclusions. The paper analyzes statistical data, important facts, and the performance of Georgian wrestlers in major competitions held in 2021, including the Olympic Games, World and European Championships.

Some structural features of physical activity of younger school-age students (6-9 years old)

2025-06-18

Tristan Gulbiani , Manuchar Dvali | MODERN ISSUES OF MEDICINE AND MANAGEMENT

The paper discusses the physical activity of younger school-age students (6-9 years) and the positive impact of physical exercises on the body of adolescents. The opinion was expressed that the … The paper discusses the physical activity of younger school-age students (6-9 years) and the positive impact of physical exercises on the body of adolescents. The opinion was expressed that the formation of muscle mass and the musculoskeletal system of adolescents as a result of physical exercises does not always proceed evenly and consistently.

Children’s Sports and the Issue of Freedom as a Sociocultural Factor in the Development of Modern Society

2025-06-18

Vsevolod I. Osminkin | Общество философия история культура

Children’s sports is a part of social culture, that is why, on one hand, many processes taking place in a society reveal themselves in child sport, and on the other … Children’s sports is a part of social culture, that is why, on one hand, many processes taking place in a society reveal themselves in child sport, and on the other hand, things present in sport influence social development. One of the key components of the process of training athletes remains the philosophical question of freedom. The way of tackling this question impacts its solution: whether to grant freedom to young athletes during train-ing sessions or to restrict it. The right understanding may impact the result of many years of sport training and the progress of sport in the state. As a result of the analysis of the literature two views on the understanding of freedom have been stated: freedom as the original human property and freedom as the resultant of social rela-tions. When it comes to personality, the two views find their reflection in understanding the nature of freedom restriction through inner and outer limitations. The process of training young athletes depends on the trainer’s view of the notion of freedom. This process may be oriented either towards cultivating personality traits in young athletes that are deemed necessary by society, or towards developing the qualities of a strong individual. The predominance of one direction over the other may ultimately influence the fate of society.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ANXIETY IN STUDENTS

2025-06-18

Consoli Simone , L. Paulo , S. Sá Filho Alberto +7 more | CIPEEX

Introduction: Test anxiety is characterized by psychological, physiological, and behavioral reactions that occur in evaluation situations and affect academic performance and the mental health of students. Physical activity has been … Introduction: Test anxiety is characterized by psychological, physiological, and behavioral reactions that occur in evaluation situations and affect academic performance and the mental health of students. Physical activity has been identified as a potential intervention to mitigate anxiety. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the effects of physical activity on test anxiety in students from full-time schools. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 237 students from the 8th grade (final years of elementary school) to the 3rd year of high school, divided into group 01 (GPAF, n=122), which underwent a physical activity protocol: diaphragmatic and frenal breathing exercises combined with stretching, and group 02 control (GC, n=115) without the protocol. Data on body composition (bioimpedance), anxiety (CTAR25), physical activity levels (steps), and changes in heart rate variability (HRV), along with series, age, and sex, were collected from the participants. Statistical analysis was performed using a statistical package (SPSS, v 27.0, IBM), with descriptive data presented as mean, standard deviation, and parametric and non-parametric tests. Results: There were autonomic changes in group 1 (GPAF) compared to group 2 (GC), indicating an association between physical activity and test anxiety. The anxiety levels observed (CTAR25) showed that 78.8% of females demonstrated moderate to high anxiety and that 81.9% of students identified as sedentary. The body composition of students showed data within the normal range for age and sex. Conclusions: There are effects of physical activity on test anxiety.

Study of physical activity among middle school students in China: current status, challenges, and countermeasures

2025-06-18

Ge Zhang , Galina Lavruhina , Jin Pan | Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P F Lesgafta

The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of physical activity among middle school students in China, identify issues, and propose countermeasures. Research methods and organization. Methods of … The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of physical activity among middle school students in China, identify issues, and propose countermeasures. Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature and normative documents of the People's Republic of China have been employed, along with surveys and methods of mathematical statistics. The empirical foundation of the research consists of official data collected by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China in 22 provinces. Research results and conclusions. A comprehensive analysis of the physical activity status of Chinese secondary school students has been conducted. The study focuses on three key issues: the systematic lack of time allocated for physical education classes, the formalized content of physical education lessons, and the acute shortage of infrastructure for physical exercise. Data collected by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China across 22 provinces reveals that only 38.7% of students meet the daily physical activity norms established in the National Action Plan for the Development of School Sports (2020). As practical solutions, the authors recommend: implementing multi-tiered regulatory measures and social campaigns; improving facilities for physical education, particularly in rural areas; optimizing the content of physical education lessons; and modifying the assessment system for students' physical fitness, including increasing its weight in admissions to higher education institutions. The aim of these measures is to overcome the existing imbalance between students' academic performance and their physical development. It is justified to assert that in order to achieve the goal of comprehensive development of middle school students, it is essential to unite the efforts of the school, family, and society to foster educational interaction and create a multi-level support system.

Relationship of Physical Activity and Sedentary Occupation to Headache and Back Pain in 11-15-year-Old Adolescents in Slovakia

2025-06-17

Nora Halmová , Janka Kanásová | Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala

The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the increase in the use of technological devices, has greatly affected the education system, leading to increased sedentary behaviour among students due to … The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the increase in the use of technological devices, has greatly affected the education system, leading to increased sedentary behaviour among students due to prolonged computer use and limited physical activity. This article examines the increase in headaches and back pain (affecting any part of the back) among Slovak children and adolescents, exploring the relationship between these problems, physical activity and sedentary lifestyles. The representative sample consists of 12 randomly selected primary schools in Slovakia. The data were collected from 888 children and adolescents aged 11-15 years. Subjective data on the prevalence of headache and spinal pain during physical activity and sedentary activities were obtained using a questionnaire survey. The parametric Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between these variables. The findings reveal a high incidence of pain among respondents, with 99.1% of children experiencing headaches daily or occasionally and 97.5% reporting spinal pain. Additionally, 74.5% engage in physical activity at least three times per week. When analyzing the relationships between pain indicators, we observed a statistically significant correlation at the 1% level, although the association was weak. Specifically, we found a significant relationship at the 1% level between headaches, physical activity, and the amount of time spent playing computer games. However, no significant relationship was found between back pain and either physical activity or sedentary activities.

Different Profiles of Psychological And Sociodemographic Characteristics of Mixed Martial Arts athletes

2025-06-17

Isabella Caroline Belém , Tiago Garcia Batilani , Jorge Both | MHSALUD Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud

Objective: This study represents an analysis of the association of resilience, stress, coping strategies, and sociodemographic data from Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) athletes. Methodology: Fifty Brazilian male MMA high performance … Objective: This study represents an analysis of the association of resilience, stress, coping strategies, and sociodemographic data from Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) athletes. Methodology: Fifty Brazilian male MMA high performance athletes aged 25 ± 4.8 years participated in the study. The data were collected using a Sociodemographic questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Athletic Inventory of Coping Strategies, and the Athlete's Stress and Recovery Questionnaire (RESTQ-76). Analysis was conducted through cluster analysis. Results: Three distinct groups were found: Athletes from Clusters I and II proved resilient with strategies of Coping with adversity, Concentration and Coachability, showing higher scores at the following recovery scales of: success, social relaxation, general well-being, being in shape, and self-efficacy. The sociodemographic characteristics of cluster I athletes consisted of being older and having dependents, while Cluster III athletes had the lowest level of resilience, used freedom from worry strategy, and had stronger emotional stress as well as lack of energy, in addition to being younger and having no dependents. Conclusion: Considering the athletes’ characteristics, we may conclude that the level of resilience and age combined with the responsibility of having dependents can influence the use of coping strategies as well as stress in MMA athletes.

Uloga školskih sportskih društva u razrednoj nastavi

2025-06-17

Ivana Žagar | Deleted Journal

Školskim se sportom u razrednoj nastavi nastoji potaknuti što veći broj djece na aktivno bavljenje sportom kako bi stekla navike tjelesnoga vježbanja. Sport obuhvaća fizičku i psihičku aktivnost koja se … Školskim se sportom u razrednoj nastavi nastoji potaknuti što veći broj djece na aktivno bavljenje sportom kako bi stekla navike tjelesnoga vježbanja. Sport obuhvaća fizičku i psihičku aktivnost koja se izvodi prema određenim pravilima radi postizanja što boljega rezultata. Razvijanjem vještina svakodnevnoga tjelesnog vježbanja djecu se uči i drugim, humanim vrijednostima: suradnji, timskom radu i redu, poštivanju pravila, prihvaćanju različitosti pojedinaca te stvaranju natjecateljskoga duha. Vanjski treneri usko surađuju s kineziolozima u osnovnim školama te nastoje svojim trenerskim i pedagoškim kompetencijama istaknuti važnost školskoga sporta kao kvalitetna načina korištenja slobodnoga vremena u suvremenome životu. Školska sportska društva imaju razvijen sustav natjecanja, strukturirana tjelesna vježbanja te potrebne materijalne, kadrovske i društvene uvjete rada. Svojim sudjelovanjem učenici pridonose organizaciji i radu školskih sportskih društava u razrednoj nastavi.

Effect of Aerobic Dancing Programme on Physiological Components of Female Undergraduate Students in the University of Calabar

2025-06-16

I. O. | African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research

The study investigated the effects of the aerobics dancing programme (ADP) on the physiological components of female students at the University of Calabar. Three research questions were raised with their … The study investigated the effects of the aerobics dancing programme (ADP) on the physiological components of female students at the University of Calabar. Three research questions were raised with their corresponding hypotheses. The Pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research design was adopted. The population was made up of 1226 female undergraduate students at the University of Calabar, out of which a sample of 60 was derived using a multistage sampling technique. The standardised instrument utilised in arriving at the collation of data was a digital sphygmomanometer for the measurement of resting heart rate (RHR), resting systolic blood pressure (RSBP), and resting diastolic blood pressure (RDBP), respectively. Research questions raised were answered using mean while the hypotheses were tested using the normalised gain analysis <g>. The results indicate that there is a significant reduction in the RHR (<g>=0.14), RSBP (<g>=0.08), and RDBP (<g>=0.12). It is concluded that aerobic dance performed 30–45 min, 3 days · week –1 for 2 weeks with music of high tempo of 132-140bpm metronome beat significantly improves physiological functions of students, although to a low normalised gain. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended that ADP should be incorporated into the secondary education curriculum. Also, individuals should take part in aerobic dance 4 to 5 days a week in order to enhance the potency and effectiveness of the aerobic dancing programme in eliminating cardiovascular risk factors.

Fostering interest in students to sports facilities and training equipment during competitive training activities in Combat Horting: results of scientific research

2025-06-16

Zoia Dikhtiarenko , Олена Отравенко , E A Yeromenko | Problemi osvìti

In the scientific publication, the co-authors analyzed the state and degree of development of the specified problem in the special literature [1-27, etc.]. Two stages of the pedagogical experiment involved: … In the scientific publication, the co-authors analyzed the state and degree of development of the specified problem in the special literature [1-27, etc.]. Two stages of the pedagogical experiment involved: student athletes of Combat Horting – future students (n=807 people) and higher education applicants – future coaches (n=75 people). The purpose of the publication is to prove the feasibility of timely fostering interest in sports facilities and training equipment among students during competitive and training activities in Combat Horting through conducting a pedagogical experiment (teaching theoretical material about Combat Horting and determining the respondents' levels of interest in Combat Horting). Research results. The scientific relevance of Combat Horting – the national professional and applied sport of Ukraine and in the conditions of martial law in our country – is recognized. Two stages of the pedagogical experiment are described, which included: mini-lectures (5-7 minutes) – reading by Combat Horting trainers, scientific and pedagogical workers of theoretical material about Combat Horting – the national professional and applied sport of Ukraine [1-27, etc.]. Special attention was paid to terminology (see Table 1). The second stage involved asking questions to students and cadets to determine: interest in questions about Combat Horting; interest in theoretical knowledge about the national professional and applied sport of Ukraine; interest in Combat Horting training; fostering interest in sports facilities and training equipment during competitive training activities in combat horting; level of mastering theoretical knowledge about Combat Horting; publication of generalized results of the correlation of the respondents' ranking levels of interest in Combat Horting (9th grade students and higher education institutions). Thus, the co-authors of the publication proved the feasibility of the pedagogical experiment (see Tables 2- 3, Fig. 1). Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, ordering the list of sources used, pedagogical observation, data analysis, calculation of the arithmetic mean, author's methodology.

Inter- curricular integration of defense of Ukraine and physical education in a general secondary education institution

2025-06-16

Valentyna Chernii , Olena Nievorova , Anatolii Kompaniiets | Problemi osvìti

The article updates the problem of implementing inter-curricular integration between the defense of Ukraine and physical culture for the formation of holistic knowledge in senior students. It is proven that … The article updates the problem of implementing inter-curricular integration between the defense of Ukraine and physical culture for the formation of holistic knowledge in senior students. It is proven that the priority ideas of implementing inter-curricular integration are the personal orientation of education, generalized methods of activity, systematicity and problematic nature of learning, and reflection of activity. It is found that integrated teaching of the defense of Ukraine and physical culture in senior classes is based on a variety of methods and forms that correspond to the age characteristics and level of preparation of students. The obtained data allowed to substantiate and develop an experimental program for the implementation of interdisciplinary integration in the process of teaching the defense of Ukraine and physical culture. To fill the structural elements of the program for the implementation of interdisciplinary integration of the defense of Ukraine and physical culture, three types of interdisciplinary tasks were developed and implemented, which correspond to the didactic structure of competencies: knowledge, activity, and value orientations. The criteria for the effectiveness of interdisciplinary integration of the defense of Ukraine and physical culture were the dynamics of the results of the educational and cognitive activities of the studied students. The decrease in low and increase in average and high levels of educational and cognitive activity of students in the experimental class allowed us to obtain an objective picture of the effectiveness of the proposed program. The results obtained allow us to assert that the objectives of the study have been achieved, scientific assumptions have been experimentally confirmed.

Modern innovative approaches to organizing physical and health-improving activities in higher education institutions of Ukraine

2025-06-16

Oleksandr Bozhok , Сергій Курилюк | Problemi osvìti

In the current context of social transformations, distance learning, and martial law, the issue of preserving the physical and mental health of student youth is gaining particular importance. One of … In the current context of social transformations, distance learning, and martial law, the issue of preserving the physical and mental health of student youth is gaining particular importance. One of the key tools for supporting student resilience is the innovative organization of physical and health-improving activities in higher education institutions, which necessitates the search for flexible and personalized forms of physical education adapted to the digital environment and the real needs of youth. Research aim: The purpose of the study is to substantiate effective innovative approaches to organizing physical and health-improving activities in higher education institutions of Ukraine, considering changes in the educational environment, digital transformation, the needs of student youth, and current socio- cultural challenges. Particular attention is paid to analyzing the level of student involvement in innovative forms of motor activity, the impact of digital technologies on motivation for physical activity, and identifying students’ expectations regarding the improvement of health-related initiatives in universities. Research methods: theoretical analysis, questionnaire survey, and methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The survey results show that the most popular forms of activity among students are fitness apps (28.6%), video lessons/training (34.2%), participation in online challenges and sports flash mobs (17.9%), while 37.4% are not engaged in any innovative form of activity. More than 62% of respondents recognize the positive influence of digital tools on their motivation for physical activity. The most common formats include online fitness (33.1%), virtual competitions (20.8%), and fitness gadgets (18.5%). Student expectations for improving innovative health-related activity in universities indicate that the majority (53.4%) require flexible learning formats; 41% emphasize the need for personalized training programs with teacher or trainer support; 29.4% express interest in integrating physical activity with psychological practices (relaxation, breathing exercises); 35.4% support gamification of physical and health-improving activities. Conclusion. Effective physical and health-improving activities in higher education institutions require digital transformation, individualized approaches, and greater student engagement through modern tools of motivation, support, and self- development.

Use of the Specific Means of Rugby in the Formation of Applied Skills

2025-06-16

Raducu Popescu | Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series IX Sciences of Human Kinetics

One thing is for sure: the level of development of applicative utility qualities is increasingly low. With these intergenerational differences, they are no longer nuanced; they are alarmingly different, and … One thing is for sure: the level of development of applicative utility qualities is increasingly low. With these intergenerational differences, they are no longer nuanced; they are alarmingly different, and the causes are related to ever-evolving technologies. The values presented were collected in an experiment with 50 subjects aged 12 years. The results indicate that the probability of the Levene test with respect to variance equality is less than p=0.05, i.e. p=0.00, we will consider the second line of the table, i.e. t=-5.36. t is significant on p ˂0.01, hence there are significant differences between the two groups. The training and improvement of the skills and driving skills required, especially in sports activities, but also in productive life and technical activity, were improved by using the means of rugby play.

Handball-Specific Exercises for Developing Coordination in Primary School

2025-06-16

Alexandru Valentin Georgescu , Adrian Georgescu , Diana Victoria Gidu +3 more | Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series IX Sciences of Human Kinetics

This paper examines the impact of coordination skill development on motor performance. In physical education lessons, enhancing coordination improves the acquisition and stabilization of new motor skills and boosts the … This paper examines the impact of coordination skill development on motor performance. In physical education lessons, enhancing coordination improves the acquisition and stabilization of new motor skills and boosts the performance of previously learned acts. The study was conducted at "Nichifor Ludovic" Middle School in Niculițel, Tulcea County, during the 2022-2023 school year. Results show that students in the experimental class outperformed those in the control class. The conclusion emphasizes that coordination enables quick learning of new movements and adaptation to varying conditions.

Sports and physical activity of Poles in the context of good health and well-being as a sustainable development goal

2025-06-16

Elżbieta Biernat , Monika Piątkowska , Robert Podstawski | Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Investing in physical activity (PA) is vital for achieving sustainable development goals. We examine PA trends in Poland using data from Eurobarometer surveys conducted in 2013, 2017, and 2022. In … Investing in physical activity (PA) is vital for achieving sustainable development goals. We examine PA trends in Poland using data from Eurobarometer surveys conducted in 2013, 2017, and 2022. In 2022, 64.6% of Poles did not participate in sports, and 41.8% did not engage in non-sport PA. There is a concerning trend of increasing inactivity in sports (Chi22022/2017 = 34.64; p < 0.001; Chi22017/2013 = 56.98; p < 0.001) and non-sports PA (Chi22022/2017 = 18.3, p < 0.01 and Chi22017/2013 = 16.95, p < 0.01). Participation in sport and PA is influenced by individual, inter-personal, environmental, political, and global factors. Notably, there is an upward trend in interpersonal (e.g., club mem-bership, volunteering), environmental (e.g., PA in parks/nature, at home), and political (e.g., dissatisfaction with local government actions) factors. Government intervention is crucial and requires: (1) establishment of an institution for leadership and advocacy of PA, (2) adoption of a cross-sectoral approach for a coordinated change, and (3) increased in-vestment in monitoring systems to track the impact of interventions. These actions are essential for fostering a more active and healthier population in Poland.

The effect of national traditional sports on weight loss and blood lipid health of overweight and obese students: Meta analysis

2025-06-16

Fengling Zhou , Ping Sun | medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Background The problem of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents around the world is serious, and traditional intervention methods have problems such as poor compliance. Traditional ethnic sports (such … Background The problem of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents around the world is serious, and traditional intervention methods have problems such as poor compliance. Traditional ethnic sports (such as martial arts and tai chi) combined with physical and mental exercise and cultural elements may provide a new way for obesity management, but there is a lack of systematic evaluation. A systematic literature search was conducted in twelve electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EBSCO, CINAHL, OVID, Embase, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CNKI, ProQuest) from inception to March 12, 2025. Randomized controlled trials of ethnic traditional sports interventions in overweight or obese students (age 7.6–23 years; BMI > 23.9 kg/m2) were eligible, yielding twelve RCTs (n = 520). Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB tool. Across 12 RCTs (n = 520), ethnic traditional sports interventions did not significantly alter body weight (WMD = -0.115 kg; 95% CI: -0.30 to 0.07; p = 0.233) or waist circumference (WMD = -0.34 cm; 95% CI: -0.82 to 0.13; p = 0.156), but yielded significant reductions in BMI (WMD = -0.33 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.60 to -0.06; p = 0.016) and body fat percentage (WMD = -0.31%; 95% CI: -0.52 to -0.10; p = 0.004). In lipid profiles, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased (WMD = 0.33 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.61; p = 0.020), whereas total cholesterol (WMD = -0.01 mmol/L; p = 0.952), triglycerides (WMD = 0.33 mmol/L; p = 0.468) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = 0.03 mmol/L; p = 0.828) remained unchanged. Subgroup analyses indicated that Chinese traditional exercises (e.g. Tai Chi, Kung Fu) produced more pronounced reductions in BMI and body fat than other modalities. Conclusion National traditional sports can effectively improve the BMI, body fat rate and HDL-C level of overweight and obese students. It is a potential intervention method. In the future, it is necessary to further standardize the program and expand the research sample.

Effect of pre-competition weight loss on onautonomic regulation and functional state qualified powerlifters

2025-06-16

Oleh Olkhovyі , Oleksandr Tykhorskyi , Natalya Didyuk +3 more | Слобожанський науково-спортивний вісник

Background and purpose of the study.Pre-competition weight loss is a common practice among powerlifters to compete in lower weight categories. However its impact on autonomic regulation and functional status in … Background and purpose of the study.Pre-competition weight loss is a common practice among powerlifters to compete in lower weight categories. However its impact on autonomic regulation and functional status in female powerlifters remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rapid weight loss on HRV in qualified female powerlifters, focusing on changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. The hypothesis was that pre-competition weight loss would lead to a decrease in HRV, an increase in sympathetic activity, and a decrease in parasympathetic regulation, indicating physiological stress. Materials and methods. The study enrolled 31 qualified female powerlifters (candidates for master of sports). HRV was measured before and after a 5-10-day weight loss period using a portable cardiomonitor. Key HRV parameters were analyzed, including SDNN, rMSSD, LF, HF, and the LF/HF ratio. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test in Statistica 11.0, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results. Significant decreases in SDNN (p < 0.001), rMSSD (p < 0.001), and HF (p < 0.01) were found, indicating a decrease in parasympathetic activity. In contrast, LF (p < 0.001) and the LF/HF ratio (p < 0.001) increased, reflecting an increase in sympathetic activity. No significant changes in heart rate (HR) or RR intervals were found (p > 0.05). Conclusions. Pre-competition weight loss in skilled female powerlifters results in significant changes in HRV, characterized by increased sympathetic activity and decreased parasympathetic regulation. These changes indicate physiological stress and potential risks to cardiovascular health. The results highlight the need for individualized weight management strategies to minimize negative impacts on autonomic regulation and overall health.

Correlation of self-regulation and state governance in the sphere of football in Ukraine

2025-06-16

Dmytro Furman | Слобожанський науково-спортивний вісник

Background and Study Aim. The article examines the difference between self-regulation and state governance in general meaning and their correlation in the sphere of football. For this purpose the powers … Background and Study Aim. The article examines the difference between self-regulation and state governance in general meaning and their correlation in the sphere of football. For this purpose the powers of state regulator of Ukraine in the sphere of physical culture and sports are analyzed in comparison to practical aspects of self-regulation in football. To deepen understanding of the research problem the governing structure of international football is analyzed that also includes defining of the place in this structure of Ukrainian Association of Football – national sports federation with delegated authority for the development of football in Ukraine. The foregoing comprehensively covers the purpose of the study, which is to identify how self-regulation correlates with state governance in the sphere of football in Ukraine. Material and methods. The methodology employed in this study comprises analysis and systematization of Ukrainian legislation, regulatory documents of sports organizations, scientific and academic publications and Internet resources, followed by a comparison and contrast of the findings and systemic analysis. Results. The meaning of self-regulation and its difference from state governance are considered. It is determined that Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine has broad powers to regulate the sphere of physical culture and sports in Ukraine. But in football self-regulation enjoys autonomous privileges – Ukrainian Association of Football de facto implements wide range of functions that cover considerable number of areas subject to state governance. This is facilitated by the pyramidal structure of international football regulated by non-governmental sports organizations, within which all fundamental decisions of higher-tier organizations are mandatory for all subjects of lower tiers. Conclusions. In Ukrainian football self-regulation prevails over state governance despite the legally established supremacy of state governance over self-regulation in the sphere of physical culture and sports of Ukraine. The state represented by Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine, by tacit consent, allows Ukrainian Association of Football to autonomously regulate relations in the sphere of Ukrainian football not interfering in the activities of the latter to the extent, that this corresponds to the basic principles of regulation of non-governmental governing bodies in the sphere of football at the European and global levels.

Leisure Time Physical Activity Level and Musculoskeletal Pain Perception of Primary School Teachers

2025-06-14

Birön Onur Üğüt , Merve Kurt , Aybüke Cansu Kalkan +1 more | İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi

Objective: Work-related musculoskeletal problems, particularly myofascial pain, are common among teachers, with prevalence rates ranging from 39% to 95%. This study aims to examine the relationship between leisure time physical … Objective: Work-related musculoskeletal problems, particularly myofascial pain, are common among teachers, with prevalence rates ranging from 39% to 95%. This study aims to examine the relationship between leisure time physical activity and musculoskeletal pain in primary school teachers, taking into account the confounding effects of workload during working hours and sedentary behavior. Material and Methods: The study included 38 primary school teachers with a mean age of 43.58±9.12 years. Sociodemographic data (age, gender, weight, height, experience, standing hours, daily TV and phone use) were recorded; sedentary behavior was calculated by summing TV and phone use, workload by multiplying working days and daily hours. Pain was assessed with the modified Numeric Rating Scale, and physical activity with the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Results: Pain intensity showed a weak correlation with total leisure-time physical activity (rho:-0.337, p:0.039) and vigorous activity (rho:-0.341, p:0.036); after adjusting for workload and sedentary behavior, these correlations slightly strengthened (total activity rho:-0.377, p:0.024; vigorous activity rho:-0.360, p:0.031). Similarly, pain-related distress also showed a weak correlation with total (rho:-0.352, p:0.035) and vigorous physical activity (rho:-0.360, p:0.031) after adjustment. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a relationship between physical activity levels and pain perception in primary school teachers. Physical activity is thought to have a potential protective role against pain. The current study supports the need for interventions aimed at reducing pain in sedentary professions, including primary school teachers.

The role of sports activities in developing citizenship for students of sport sciences, University of Kirkuk

2025-06-13

Mohammed Qasim Mohammed , Maan Hasan Mahmood , Moatasem Azeez Kahlid +1 more | Retos

Introduction: Sports enhance cognitive abilities of individual level. Objective: The research aims to identify the role of sports activities in developing citizenship, through determining the values of citizenship, identifying the … Introduction: Sports enhance cognitive abilities of individual level. Objective: The research aims to identify the role of sports activities in developing citizenship, through determining the values of citizenship, identifying the level of citizenship values and determining the percentages of contribution of citizenship values for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Kirkuk. Methodology: The researcher used the descriptive method with the survey method, due to its suitability to the nature of the research, and the researcher selected a random sample of 300 students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Kirkuk, and the researcher relied on a questionnaire as a basic tool for collecting data. Discussion: The most important results were (the axis of tolerance and acceptance of others achieved the highest contribution rate, reaching (93.27%), the axis of community and political participation achieved a contribution rate of (81.36%), the axis of belonging and loyalty achieved a contribution rate of (80.25%). Conclusions: The need to focus on citizenship values in preparing Curricula of faculties of physical education and sports sciences, highlighting by the media the role of educational and sports institutions in educating young people with the values of respect, dignity, equality and tolerance as a means to combat all forms of discrimination, promote social cohesion, consolidate the values of citizenship and spread the culture of peace and security.

Research on the physical fitness changes of adolescents aged 13-15

2025-06-13

Jiajia Wang , Guoqing Liu | The young thinker's review.

By comparing and analyzing the statistical data of adolescents aged 13-15 selected from the three National Physical Fitness Monitoring Bulletins over the past decade, this study examines the physical fitness … By comparing and analyzing the statistical data of adolescents aged 13-15 selected from the three National Physical Fitness Monitoring Bulletins over the past decade, this study examines the physical fitness changes of adolescents in this age group from three main aspects: physical form, physical function, and physical quality. The results show that over the past 10 years, there has been a significant improvement in the physical form development of Chinese adolescents aged 13-15, with all related indicators showing marked increases. In terms of physical function development, there have also been improvements to varying degrees, especially in lung capacity, which has seen a substantial increase. Regarding physical quality, boys have shown improvement in speed quality, while girls have outperformed boys in the other three aspects of physical quality, with boys experiencing varying degrees of decline in these areas.

COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF ISOMETRIC AND ISOTONIC EXERCISE REGIMENS ON MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE IN YOUNG ADULT MALES

2025-06-13

Veena Ranjan | EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD)

Isometric and isotonic exercises are pivotal modalities in resistance training, each eliciting unique physiological responses that enhance muscular strength and endurance. This study evaluates their effects in healthy males aged … Isometric and isotonic exercises are pivotal modalities in resistance training, each eliciting unique physiological responses that enhance muscular strength and endurance. This study evaluates their effects in healthy males aged 18–24 through a 12-week case study and a recent controlled trial. Results demonstrate that isotonic exercises yield superior improvements in dynamic strength and cardiovascular endurance, while isometric exercises enhance localized strength and muscular endurance. These findings, supported by a robust evidence base, guide the development of tailored exercise protocols for clinical rehabilitation, athletic performance, and general fitness.

Kako zagotoviti vključenost vsakega učenca pri predmetu šport

2025-06-12

Nives Markun Puhan | Vzgoja in izobraževanje

V prispevku je predstavljen primer formativnega pristopa pri pouku športa v drugem vzgojno-izobraževalnem obdobju. Namen pouka je sodelovanje učencev v skupini pri reševanju gibalnih izzivov s kolebnico. Pri tem je … V prispevku je predstavljen primer formativnega pristopa pri pouku športa v drugem vzgojno-izobraževalnem obdobju. Namen pouka je sodelovanje učencev v skupini pri reševanju gibalnih izzivov s kolebnico. Pri tem je poudarjena aktivna udeležba vsakega učenca na gibalnem, miselnem, socialnem in čustvenem področju. Pouk načrtujemo tako, da vključimo namene učenja in kriterije uspešnosti; pri tem ima učenec tudi možnost izbire vrste izziva in načina izkazovanja znanja. Pomembno je, da je vključen vsak učenec. Primer je z manjšimi prilagoditvami prenosljiv tudi na druge starostne skupine.

Effectiveness of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilisation for the Change of Posture Indicators of 7–10-Year-Old Girls

2025-06-11

Deimantė Živatkauskienė , Dovydas Gedrimas | Reabilitacijos mokslai slauga kineziterapija ergoterapija

Background. Postural disorders are becoming an increasingly common issue among school-aged children and adolescents, with a prevalence of 34–50% in Europe. Although the effects of physiotherapy methods on postural correction … Background. Postural disorders are becoming an increasingly common issue among school-aged children and adolescents, with a prevalence of 34–50% in Europe. Although the effects of physiotherapy methods on postural correction are widely researched, there is a lack of studies analysing the impact of dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation (DNS) exercises on children’s posture. Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of a six-week DNS programme on trunk functional stability, spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt angle, static trunk muscle endurance, scapular positioning, and static and dynamic balance in girls aged 7–10 years. Methods. The study included 16 female participants with a mean age of 8 ± 1.61 years. Assessments were conducted twice: before and after the DNS intervention. Trunk functional stability was evaluated using the Matthiass Test; spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt were assessed using the DIERS Formetric 4D posture analysis system. Static trunk muscle endurance was measured with the McGill Test, scapular positioning was evaluated using the Lennie Test, and static balance was assessed using the Flamingo Balance Test. Dynamic balance was evaluated with the Y Balance Test. Results. Following the DNS intervention, the Matthiass Test showed a trend toward improved trunk functional stability, although the differences were not statistically significant. No significant changes in spinal curvatures or pelvic alignment were observed using the DIERS system. Static endurance of all trunk muscle groups significantly increased after the intervention (p < 0.05), with some inter-muscular endurance ratios also showing significant improvements. No significant changes were found in scapular positioning. Static balance significantly improved when standing on the right leg (p < 0.05). In the dynamic balance assessment, significant improvement was observed only in the backward-medial and backward-lateral reach directions (p < 0.05), regardless of limb dominance. Conclusions. The DNS programme improved static trunk muscle endurance and both static and dynamic balance in girls aged 7–10 years but had no significant effect on trunk functional stability, spinal curvature angles, or pelvic tilt positioning. Keywords: posture; spinal curves; dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation

Effective Methods For Assessing General Strength In High School Students

2025-06-07

Georgeta Lucia Piscoi | Arena - Journal of Physical Activities.

Physical education and sports have particularly large social tasks, and this aspect constitutes a signal of attention for physical education and sports teachers, as high school students are approaching the … Physical education and sports have particularly large social tasks, and this aspect constitutes a signal of attention for physical education and sports teachers, as high school students are approaching the completion of biological growth The motor quality strength is present in school curricula at each level of study. In the preparation of students, interdependent relationships are created between the components of the preparation, between the development of motor qualities, the development of morpho-functional indices and the acquisition of motor skills. As research objectives, we aimed to: carry out initial testing on 4 control samples in different classes of the high school cycle and in SAM classes; go through a system of lessons intended for the development of the motor quality strength, a system with increasing intensity and complexity from one year of study to another; establish a set of measures necessary to improve the current teaching and evaluation system in the discipline “Physical Education”. The materials, methods and means used were adapted to the working conditions in an improvised gym, with reduced height, width and length. We specify that there is no possibility of developing strength in a coherent system of lessons due to the delicate period we are going through. The development of motor qualities is necessary to achieve the other requirements of the curriculum. Knowing the level of development of the motor quality strength, as well as its evolution curve is of particular importance, therefore, as results, correlating the data obtained from parallel classes, for each test, as well as for the evolutions recorded in them over the course of one or two years, the values obtained are calculated, differentiated for boys and girls

Study On The Effectiveness Of Using The Nage-No-Kata Programme To Increase The Technicality Index In Adolescent Judo Athletes

2025-06-07

Pavel Fort | Arena - Journal of Physical Activities.

This study examines the efficacy of a Kata-based technical training programme in improving Judo technique execution. Conducted over eight months (September 27, 2021-April 27, 2022) at the Municipal Sports Club … This study examines the efficacy of a Kata-based technical training programme in improving Judo technique execution. Conducted over eight months (September 27, 2021-April 27, 2022) at the Municipal Sports Club in Bucharest, the experiment involved 16 performance-level judokas with a minimum of five years of experience. A structured Nage-No-Kata programme was implemented three times weekly, with initial and final assessments evaluating Kata performance and competition technique (Ippon scoring). Wilcoxon test results revealed significant improvements (p 0.05) in Kata execution (W = 3.5, Z = -3.20) and Ippon performance (W = 0, Z = -3.51), with effect sizes of 0.80 and 0.87, respectively, indicating a strong positive impact. The findings of this experiment on the use of the Kata tool in Judo sports training for enhancing technical proficiency show that competitive performance can be improved. However, limiting factors place this study in the position of a starting point for future research on this topic

Effect of additional uphill treadmill exercise combined with standard therapy on walking speed in patients with knee osteoarthritis

2025-06-07

Taurisia Kristiani , Damayanti Tinduh , Dyah Intaniasari +1 more | Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive musculoskeletal condition that limits mobility by reducing walking speed. Exercise therapy can improve walking speed in knee OA patients. This research aimed to … Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive musculoskeletal condition that limits mobility by reducing walking speed. Exercise therapy can improve walking speed in knee OA patients. This research aimed to demonstrate that the addition of uphill treadmill exercises to standard therapy protocols was more effective in enhancing walking speed in patients with grade II and III knee osteoarthritis compared to standard therapy alone. Methods: This randomized controlled trial at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital included 36 patients with knee OA grade II-III (Kellgren-Lawrence scale), aged 50-60 years, BMI <30 kg/m², moderate pain (VAS 30-60mm), and independent walking ability. Exclusion criteria included recent knee injuries/surgeries, intra-articular injections, acute inflammation, inflammatory arthritis, significant deformities, uncontrolled cardiovascular/diabetes conditions, respiratory disorders, sensory disturbances, balance disorders, concurrent therapy, pacemaker contraindications, cognitive impairment, and substance abuse. Subjects were randomized into control (n=18) and treatment groups (n=18). Controls received standard therapy (Q-bench strengthening and TENS). The treatment group received identical standard therapy plus uphill treadmill exercise (8-degree inclination, 1.1 m/s, 30 minutes) twice weekly for 5 weeks. Walking speed was assessed using 10-Meter Walk Test at baseline, post-intervention, and 20-day follow-up. Results: The treatment group demonstrated significantly superior walking speed improvements compared to controls. No baseline differences existed (p-value= 0.680; Cohen's d= 0.14), but significant improvements occurred at post-intervention (p-value= 0.030; Cohen's d= 0.79) and 20-day follow-up (p-value =0.02; Cohen's d= 0.83). Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in walking speed in post-exercise measurements and follow-up measurements in grade II-III knee OA patients who received additional uphill treadmill training compared to standard exercises.