Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry

Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

Works Count: 111461

Wikipedia

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the principles and applications of green chemistry, with a particular emphasis on sustainable chemistry, solvent selection, green engineering, metrics for assessing greenness, catalysis, life cycle assessment, circular economy, process mass intensity, medicinal chemistry, and environmental impact. The papers cover various aspects of incorporating green chemistry into research, development, and manufacturing processes across the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.

Keywords

Sustainable Chemistry; Solvent Selection; Green Engineering; Metrics; Catalysis; Life Cycle Assessment; Circular Economy; Process Mass Intensity; Medicinal Chemistry; Environmental Impact

CRC handbook of organic photochemistry and photobiology

1996-02-01

William M. Horspool , Pill-Soon Song

Photochemistry Cis-Trans Isomerization of Alkenes, J. Saltiel, D.F. Sears, Jr., D.-H. Ko, and K.-M. Park Photorearrangement and Fragmentation of Alkenes, P.J. Kropp (2+2)-Cyclobutane Synthesis (Liquid Phase): Introduction and Mechanistic Consideration, … Photochemistry Cis-Trans Isomerization of Alkenes, J. Saltiel, D.F. Sears, Jr., D.-H. Ko, and K.-M. Park Photorearrangement and Fragmentation of Alkenes, P.J. Kropp (2+2)-Cyclobutane Synthesis (Liquid Phase): Introduction and Mechanistic Consideration, G. Kaupp Cyclobutane Synthesis in the Solid Phase: Introduction and Mechanistic Considerations, G. Kaupp Photochemical Synthesis of Cage Compounds: Propellaprismanes and their Precursors, R. Gleiter and B. Treptow Copper(I) Catalyzed Intra- and Intermolecular Photocycloaddition Reactions of Alkenes, K. Langer and J. Mattay Photoreactions of Alkenes in Protic Media, P.J. Kropp The p-Cyclopropene Rearrangements, H.E. Zimmerman Diene/Cyclobutene Photochemistry, W.J. Leigh Photochemistry of Acyclic 1,3,5-Trienes and Related Compounds, W.H. Laarhoven and H.J.C. Jacobs Photochemistry of Vitamin D and Related Compounds, H.J.C. Jacobs and W.H. Laarhoven Photochemistry of Polyenes Related to Vitamin A, R.S.H. Liu Fulgides and Related Systems, H.G. Heller The Di-p-Methane Rearrangement, H.E. Zimmerman Photorearrangements of Benzobarrelenes and Related Analogues, C.-C. Liao and P.-H. Yang The Photochemistry of Dibenzobarrelene (9,10-Ethenoanthracene) and its Derivatives, J.R. Scheffer and J. Yang Valence Isomerization Between Norbornadiene and Quadricyclane Derivatives-A Solar Energy Storage Process, K. Maruyama and Y. Kubo Ring Isomerization of Benzene and Naphthalene Derivatives, A. Gilbert Phototransposition and Photo-Ring Contraction Reactions of 4-Pyrones and 4-Hydroxypyrylium Cations, J.W. Pavlik Photochemical Aromatic Substitution, J. Cornelisse Photochemical Reactions of Arenes with Amines, N.J. Bunce Intra- and Intermolecular Cycloadditions of Benzene Derivatives, P.A. Wender and T.M. Dore Cyclization of Stilbene and its Derivatives, A. Gilbert Ene Reactions with Singlet Oxygen, A.G. Griesbeck Photooxygenation of 1,3-Dienes, W. Adam and A.G. Griesbeck Photorearrangement of Endope roxides, J. Rigaudy Photochemical Methods for the Synthesis of 1,2-Dioxetanes, A.L. Baumstark and A. Rodriguez Oxidation of Aromatics, A. Albinia and M. Freccero Cyclobutane Photochemistry, K. Mizuno and C. Pac Photochemistry of Oxiranes - Photoreactions of Epoxynaphthoquinones, K. Maruyama and Y. Kubo Photodecarboxylation of Acids and Lactones, P. Wan and D. Budac The Photochemistry of Esters of Carboxylic Acids, J.A. Pincock Carbene Formation in the Photochemistry of Cyclic Ketones, S.M. Roberts Norrish Type I Processes of Ketones: Basic Concepts, C. Bohne Norrish Type I Processes of Ketones: Selected Examples and Synthetic Applications, C. Bohne Photoinduced Intermolecular Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions of Ketones, M. Rubin Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions of a-Diketones, M. Rubin Norrish Type II Photoelimination of Ketones: Cleavage of 1,4-Biradicals Formed by y-Hydrogen Abstraction, .J.-P. Wagner Norrish

Frontier Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions

1979-01-01

Ian Fleming

Chemical Bonds and Bond Energy

1976-01-01

R. T. Sanderson

The Merck index

1998-01-01

Susan Budavari

Presents over 10,000 monographs which detail chemicals, drugs and biologicals, and describe a single substance or small group of related compounds. This CD-ROM provides the tools to draw structures and … Presents over 10,000 monographs which detail chemicals, drugs and biologicals, and describe a single substance or small group of related compounds. This CD-ROM provides the tools to draw structures and then search for them. Users are able to access the data they need quickly with a choice of search options: text search, structure search, and sub-structure search. Text searching is possible for every field of the database: chemical, common, generic and brand names; molecular weights and formulae; physical and toxicity data; and citations to the scientific and patent literature. New with this release are organic name reactions available as a fully text searchable file, and 100 new monographs detailing the latest new drugs and compounds of recent interest. This CD-ROM should be of interest to medicinal chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, biochemists, environmentalists, medical practitioners, natural product chemists, biologists, food scientists, pharmacologists, clinical chemists, organic chemists, inorganic chemists, and information professionals.

CHEM21 selection guide of classical- and less classical-solvents

2015-08-13

Denis Prat , A.S. Wells , John Hayler +4 more

A methodology, based on a combination of SH&E criteria, enables a simplified greenness evaluation of any solvent, in the context of fine or pharmaceutical chemistry. A methodology, based on a combination of SH&E criteria, enables a simplified greenness evaluation of any solvent, in the context of fine or pharmaceutical chemistry.

View PDF Chat

Azides: their preparation and synthetic uses

1988-03-01

Eric F. V. Scriven , Kenneth Turnbull

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzides: their preparation and synthetic usesEric F. V. Scriven and Kenneth TurnbullCite this: Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 2, 297–368Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzides: their preparation and synthetic usesEric F. V. Scriven and Kenneth TurnbullCite this: Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 2, 297–368Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00084a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00084a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21099Altmetric-Citations1296LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Kinetics of carbamate formation and breakdown

1968-11-01

Michael Caplow

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of carbamate formation and breakdownMichael CaplowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 24, 6795–6803Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of carbamate formation and breakdownMichael CaplowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 24, 6795–6803Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01026a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01026a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6839Altmetric-Citations1074LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Analytical Eco-Scale for assessing the greenness of analytical procedures

2012-05-22

Agnieszka Gałuszka , Zdzisław M. Migaszewski , Piotr Konieczka +1 more

The 12 principles of green analytical chemistry and the SIGNIFICANCE mnemonic of green analytical practices

2013-05-28

Agnieszka Gałuszka , Zdzisław M. Migaszewski , Jacek Namieśnik

ES&T Critical Reviews: Transformations of halogenated aliphatic compounds

1987-08-01

Timothy M. Vogel , Craig S. Criddle , Perry L. McCarty

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTES&T Critical Reviews: Transformations of halogenated aliphatic compoundsTimothy M. Vogel, Craig S. Criddle, and Perry L. McCartyCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1987, 21, 8, 722–736Publication Date (Print):August … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTES&T Critical Reviews: Transformations of halogenated aliphatic compoundsTimothy M. Vogel, Craig S. Criddle, and Perry L. McCartyCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1987, 21, 8, 722–736Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/es00162a001Request reuse permissionsArticle Views3055Altmetric-Citations714LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (13 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Green chemistry oriented organic synthesis in water

2011-11-03

Marc‐Olivier Simon , Chao‐Jun Li

The use of water as solvent features many benefits such as improving reactivities and selectivities, simplifying the workup procedures, enabling the recycling of the catalyst and allowing mild reaction conditions … The use of water as solvent features many benefits such as improving reactivities and selectivities, simplifying the workup procedures, enabling the recycling of the catalyst and allowing mild reaction conditions and protecting-group free synthesis in addition to being benign itself. In addition, exploring organic chemistry in water can lead to uncommon reactivities and selectivities complementing the organic chemists' synthetic toolbox in organic solvents. Studying chemistry in water also allows insight to be gained into Nature's way of chemical synthesis. However, using water as solvent is not always green. This tutorial review briefly discusses organic synthesis in water with a Green Chemistry perspective.

What is a green solvent? A comprehensive framework for the environmental assessment of solvents

2007-01-01

Christian Capello , Ulrich Fischer , Konrad Hungerbühler

Solvents define a major part of the environmental performance of processes in chemical industry and also impact on cost, safety and health issues. The idea of "green" solvents expresses the … Solvents define a major part of the environmental performance of processes in chemical industry and also impact on cost, safety and health issues. The idea of "green" solvents expresses the goal to minimize the environmental impact resulting from the use of solvents in chemical production. Here the question is raised of how to measure how "green" a solvent is. We propose a comprehensive framework for the environmental assessment of solvents that covers major aspects of the environmental performance of solvents in chemical production, as well as important health and safety issues. The framework combines the assessment of substance-specific hazards with the quantification of emissions and resource use over the full life-cycle of a solvent. The proposed framework is demonstrated on 26 organic solvents. Results show that simple alcohols (methanol, ethanol) or alkanes (heptane, hexane) are environmentally preferable solvents, whereas the use of dioxane, acetonitrile, acids, formaldehyde, and tetrahydrofuran is not recommendable from an environmental perspective. Additionally, a case study is presented in which the framework is applied for the assessment of various alcohol–water or pure alcohol mixtures used for solvolysis of p-methoxybenzoyl chloride. The results of this case study indicate that methanol–water or ethanol–water mixtures are environmentally favourable compared to pure alcohol or propanol–water mixtures. The two applications demonstrate that the presented framework is a useful instrument to select green solvents or environmentally sound solvent mixtures for processes in chemical industry. The same framework can also be used for a comprehensive assessment of new solvent technologies as soon as the present lack of data can be overcome.

Peer Reviewed: Design Through the 12 Principles of Green Engineering

2003-03-01

Paul T. Anastas , Julie B. Zimmerman

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTPeer Reviewed: Design Through the 12 Principles of Green EngineeringSustainability requires objectives at the molecular, product, process, and system levels.Paul T. Anastas and Julie B. ZimmermanCite this: … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTPeer Reviewed: Design Through the 12 Principles of Green EngineeringSustainability requires objectives at the molecular, product, process, and system levels.Paul T. Anastas and Julie B. ZimmermanCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 5, 94A–101APublication Date (Web):March 1, 2003Publication History Published online1 March 2003Published inissue 1 March 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es032373ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/es032373gnewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views35897Altmetric-Citations945LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (324 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Green chemistry tools to influence a medicinal chemistry and research chemistry based organisation

2007-11-16

Kim Alfonsi , Juan Colberg , Peter J. Dunn +7 more

Influencing and improving the environmental performance of a large multi-national pharmaceutical company can be achieved with the help of electronic education tools, backed up by site champions and strong site … Influencing and improving the environmental performance of a large multi-national pharmaceutical company can be achieved with the help of electronic education tools, backed up by site champions and strong site teams. This paper describes the development of two of those education tools.

Origins, Current Status, and Future Challenges of Green Chemistry

2002-06-19

Paul T. Anastas , Mary M. Kirchhoff

Over the course of the past decade, green chemistry has demonstrated how fundamental scientific methodologies can protect human health and the environment in an economically beneficial manner. Significant progress is … Over the course of the past decade, green chemistry has demonstrated how fundamental scientific methodologies can protect human health and the environment in an economically beneficial manner. Significant progress is being made in several key research areas, such as catalysis, the design of safer chemicals and environmentally benign solvents, and the development of renewable feedstocks. Current and future chemists are being trained to design products and processes with an increased awareness for environmental impact. Outreach activities within the green chemistry community highlight the potential for chemistry to solve many of the global environmental challenges we now face. The origins and basis of green chemistry chart a course for achieving environmental and economic prosperity inherent in a sustainable world.

Sequential Transformations in Organic Chemistry: A Synthetic Strategy with a Future

1993-02-01

Lutz F. Tietze , Uwe Beifuß

Organic-chemical synthesis has always fascinated chemists and will not lose its importance in the future. It is a truism that all chemists—and others too—are dependent on the synthesis of those … Organic-chemical synthesis has always fascinated chemists and will not lose its importance in the future. It is a truism that all chemists—and others too—are dependent on the synthesis of those compounds with which they want to work. As a result, organic-chemical synthesis today is more than ever before the cutting edge of organic chemistry, biology, biochemistry, medicine, physics, and material science. Synthesis is also the basis of the chemical industry. For the passionate synthetic chemist, however, synthesis is much more than just a method for obtaining compounds; it is the expression of his creativity, intelligence, ability, and also his perseverance.

The E Factor: fifteen years on

2007-01-01

Roger A. Sheldon

The purpose of this perspective is to review the effect that the E Factor concept has had over the last fifteen years on developments in the (fine) chemical industry and … The purpose of this perspective is to review the effect that the E Factor concept has had over the last fifteen years on developments in the (fine) chemical industry and pharmaceutical industry with regard to waste minimisation and to assess its current status in the broader context of green chemistry and sustainability. We conclude that the E Factor concept has played a major role in focusing the attention of the chemical industry world-wide, and particularly the pharmaceutical industry, on the problem of waste generation in chemicals manufacture. It provided, and continues to provide, the impetus for developing cleaner, more sustainable processes.

Key green chemistry research areas—a perspective from pharmaceutical manufacturers

2007-01-01

David J. C. Constable , Peter J. Dunn , John Hayler +7 more

In 2005, the ACS Green Chemistry Institute (GCI) and the global pharmaceutical corporations developed the ACS GCI Pharmaceutical Roundtable to encourage the integration of green chemistry and green engineering into … In 2005, the ACS Green Chemistry Institute (GCI) and the global pharmaceutical corporations developed the ACS GCI Pharmaceutical Roundtable to encourage the integration of green chemistry and green engineering into the pharmaceutical industry. The Roundtable has developed a list of key research areas. The purpose of this perspective is to summarise how that list was agreed, provide an assessment of the current state of the art in those areas and to highlight areas for future improvement.

Green Chemistry: Principles and Practice

2009-11-20

Paul T. Anastas , Nicolas Eghbali

Green Chemistry is a relatively new emerging field that strives to work at the molecular level to achieve sustainability. The field has received widespread interest in the past decade due … Green Chemistry is a relatively new emerging field that strives to work at the molecular level to achieve sustainability. The field has received widespread interest in the past decade due to its ability to harness chemical innovation to meet environmental and economic goals simultaneously. Green Chemistry has a framework of a cohesive set of Twelve Principles, which have been systematically surveyed in this critical review. This article covers the concepts of design and the scientific philosophy of Green Chemistry with a set of illustrative examples. Future trends in Green Chemistry are discussed with the challenge of using the Principles as a cohesive design system (93 references).

Expanding GSK's solvent selection guide – embedding sustainability into solvent selection starting at medicinal chemistry

2011-01-01

Richard K. Henderson , Concepción Jiménez‐González , David J. C. Constable +6 more

Solvents make a large contribution to the environmental impact of manufacturing processes of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), as well as playing an important role in other chemical industries, with millions … Solvents make a large contribution to the environmental impact of manufacturing processes of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), as well as playing an important role in other chemical industries, with millions of tons used and disposed of each year. GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has previously reported on the both the development of a GSK solvent selection guide and the incorporation of solvent life cycle inventory and assessment information. The GSK solvent selection guide has been further enhanced by:

Less Common Metals

1950-10-01

D. B. Broughton

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLess Common MetalsD. B. BroughtonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 10, 2023–2025Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50490a018RIGHTS & … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLess Common MetalsD. B. BroughtonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 10, 2023–2025Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50490a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (520 KB) Get e-Alerts

Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

2007-02-20

replenished.Water lying in deep strata for millions of years is being mined like other minerals, never to be replaced.In Libya, oil drilling found a lake 100 m below the dry … replenished.Water lying in deep strata for millions of years is being mined like other minerals, never to be replaced.In Libya, oil drilling found a lake 100 m below the dry sand, hundreds of square kilometers in area, and 750 m deep (3).It has been estimated that this lake will supply irrigation of 800 km 2 for 300 yr, but the pumping of this water is as final an act as the pumping of Libya's petroleum, which probably dates from the same lush geological era.Once pumped, neither resource can be replenished. Transport of FreshwaterFor centuries, containers have been used to carry freshwater, usually for longer distances than would be practical for conduits.Trucks and railways have used tanks.Ships have carried and still do carry water halfway around the world in ballast tanks; tankers that otherwise would be returning empty from oil deliveries may make the return voyage filled with freshwater as precious to the oil-rich, water-poor country as the oil is to its market.Systems of dams, canals, and aqueducts were developed to carry freshwater considerable distances to growing cities, and to irrigate agricultural lands.Records of ancient Rome indicate that 14 aqueducts, averaging over 144 km in length, carried 1.175 × 10 6 m 3 /d of water from the surrounding highlands by gravity.The Romans depended on gravity flow in open channels, apparently with little knowledge of predicting the friction losses in pipes, even though Pliny lists standard lead pipe in circumferences up to ca 2.5 m.The aqueducts of Istanbul are even more dramatic.The engineers' competence developed with increasing needs for water, and conduits became longer.In more modern times, New York City's water system, initiated ca 135 yr ago, stands comparison as a true engineering marvel.Farsighted action in the late nineteenth century also gave the city extensive upstate watershed rights.This system, with a storage capacity of 2.07 × 10 9 m 3 , safely furnishes about 8.5 million people with an average of 5.3 × 10 6 m 3 /d of water.The system is not adequate today, but it has served well except in years of serious drought.Water enters the city via two tunnels, one built in 1917 and the other in 1937.The projected cost of a third tunnel was estimated at $3.5 × 10 9 in 1981 dollars, but could end up being as high as $5 -6 × 10 9 by the time the tunnel is completed, with the first two stages currently scheduled for completion in 2010 (4).Increased population in the vicinity of the water supply reservoirs, a watershed approximately the size of the state of Delaware and as far as 160 km from the city, is increasingly threatening the water quality there.The city has therefore taken steps in the recent years to establish a comprehensive watershed protection program.The 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act put all public water supplies in the United States under Federal supervision.For example, the 94th Congress authorized a six-state water study, the High Plains Study Council, one of several such studies conducted in past years, to develop a set of plans for increasing water supply in a region which supplies about 15% of the nation's wheat, corn, sorghum, and cotton, and 38% of its livestock, and which depends on its rapidly dwindling groundwater (the Ogallala aquifer), mindful of the Dust Bowl drought disaster of the 1930s (5).In 1990 it was estimated that the aquifer would be practically depleted by the year 2020.It was proposed that huge amounts of water from the Missouri and Arkansas Rivers be diverted to the High Plains, with an estimate by the Army Corps of Engineers that it would take as long as 9 yr to design, 25 yr to build, and would cost $6 -25 × 10 9 in 1982 dollars.Rising energy costs, costs of construction, local objections to Federal intervention, environmental and navigation considerations, and various other problems have prevented this and many other large water supply programs from materializing.The problem of bringing water to southern California continues to be one producing controversy.The region is essentially a desert, devoid of any significant water resources, yet its population is growing at a fast pace: in 1990 it stood at 30 million and is expected to reach 49 million in 2020, with half of the increase expected to occur in the arid South Coast region (6).Water is transported from northern California and from the Colorado River, at distances of up to about 1000 km, expected to increase to about 1600 km by the year 2000, often against the objections by those living around these sources.The project to build the so-called Peripheral Canal, a 67-km

View PDF Chat

Tools and techniques for solvent selection: green solvent selection guides

2016-05-23

Fergal Byrne , Saimeng Jin , Giulia Paggiola +6 more

Driven by legislation and evolving attitudes towards environmental issues, establishing green solvents for extractions, separations, formulations and reaction chemistry has become an increasingly important area of research. Several general purpose … Driven by legislation and evolving attitudes towards environmental issues, establishing green solvents for extractions, separations, formulations and reaction chemistry has become an increasingly important area of research. Several general purpose solvent selection guides have now been published with the aim to reduce use of the most hazardous solvents. This review serves the purpose of explaining the role of these guides, highlighting their similarities and differences. How they can be used most effectively to enhance the greenness of chemical processes, particularly in laboratory organic synthesis and the pharmaceutical industry, is addressed in detail.

View PDF Chat

The E factor 25 years on: the rise of green chemistry and sustainability

2016-09-30

Roger A. Sheldon

The global impact of green chemistry and sustainability and the pivotal role of the<italic>E</italic>factor concept, over the last twenty five years, is reviewed. The global impact of green chemistry and sustainability and the pivotal role of the<italic>E</italic>factor concept, over the last twenty five years, is reviewed.

Advanced organic chemistry

1985-12-01

Colin Eaborn

Evaluating Training Programs

1956-03-05

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTEvaluating Training ProgramsNo one method is the answer to a successful sales training program. Methods should be company-tailoredCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1956, 34, 10, 1083Publication Date (Print):March … RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTEvaluating Training ProgramsNo one method is the answer to a successful sales training program. Methods should be company-tailoredCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1956, 34, 10, 1083Publication Date (Print):March 5, 1956Publication History Published online5 November 2010Published inissue 5 March 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v034n010.p1083Copyright © 1956 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (129 KB) SUBJECTS:Biopolymers Get e-Alerts

AGREE—Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach and Software

2020-06-15

Francisco Pena‐Pereira , W. Wojnowski , Marek Tobiszewski

Green analytical chemistry focuses on making analytical procedures more environmentally benign and safer to humans. The amounts and toxicity of reagents, generated waste, energy requirements, the number of procedural steps, … Green analytical chemistry focuses on making analytical procedures more environmentally benign and safer to humans. The amounts and toxicity of reagents, generated waste, energy requirements, the number of procedural steps, miniaturization, and automation are just a few of the multitude of criteria considered when assessing an analytical methodology's greenness. The use of greenness assessment criteria requires dedicated tools. We propose the Analytical GREEnness calculator, a comprehensive, flexible, and straightforward assessment approach that provides an easily interpretable and informative result. The assessment criteria are taken from the 12 principles of green analytical chemistry (SIGNIFICANCE) and are transformed into a unified 0–1 scale. The final score is calculated based on the SIGNIFICANCE principles. The result is a pictogram indicating the final score, performance of the analytical procedure in each criterion, and weights assigned by the user. Freely available software makes the assessment procedure straightforward. It is open-source and downloadable from https://mostwiedzy.pl/AGREE.

View PDF Chat

Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

1996-10-01

Official methods and recommended practices of the American Oil Chemists' Society

1990-01-01

David Firestone

Environmental organic chemistry

1993-07-01

BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL OF THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF METALS. 1. TECHNICAL BASIS

2001-01-01

Dominic M. Di Toro , Herbert E. Allen , Harold L. Bergman +3 more

Solubility parameters

1975-12-01

Allan F. M. Barton

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility parametersAllan F. M. BartonCite this: Chem. Rev. 1975, 75, 6, 731–753Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60298a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60298a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility parametersAllan F. M. BartonCite this: Chem. Rev. 1975, 75, 6, 731–753Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60298a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60298a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11497Altmetric-Citations921LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

2000-12-04

Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

1953-11-01

Raymond E. Kirk , Donald F. Othmer , S H Newburger

Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials.

1976-07-01

J. B. Kenworthy , S. E. Allen , H. M. Grimshaw +2 more

PREFACE: Special issue dedicated to the International Symposium “<i>Chemical Engineering – Environment, Sustainability and the Future</i>” held in commemoration of Professor N.K. Bose: Chemical Engineering Department, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India

2025-06-25

Madhumita B. Ray | International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering

Mixed plastics turned into valuable chemicals

2025-06-25

Matthew Jones | Nature

Dimethyl Isosorbide: An Innovative Bio-Renewable Solvent for Sustainable Chromatographic Applications

2025-06-24

Aleksandra Damjanoska , Kristina Mitreska , Matilda Petrova +3 more | Molecules

The increasing environmental concerns and regulatory restrictions on toxic conventional solvents have driven the search for sustainable alternatives. Dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), a bio-renewable solvent, has shown potential as a replacement … The increasing environmental concerns and regulatory restrictions on toxic conventional solvents have driven the search for sustainable alternatives. Dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), a bio-renewable solvent, has shown potential as a replacement for short-chain glycol ethers, although its use as solvent in liquid chromatography (LC) is underexplored. This study presents a physicochemical characterization of DMI with a particular focus on its application as an innovative solvent in LC analyses. The partition coefficient (log P = −0.44) was determined using the OECD 107 method, and viscosity measurements for DMI and its mixtures with water and ethanol were conducted at 25 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C. Viscosity ranged from 1.28 mPa·s at 60 °C to 2.62 mPa·s at 40 °C. The Central Composite Face 23 experimental design for studying the chromatographic behavior of DMI confirmed that 50% (v/v) DMI can be effectively utilized in the mobile phases, at a column temperature of 40 °C, with backpressures ranging from 160 to 300 bar and a UV cut-off at 240 nm. Its effectiveness as an eluent in LC was demonstrated for the quantification of methylparaben and propylparaben in pharmaceutical formulations. This study highlights DMI’s promise as a sustainable bio-renewable alternative to conventional organic solvents used as eluents in LC, supporting eco-friendly practices in pharmaceutical analysis.

Synthesis of Natural Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols from Cinnamon cassia Oil via Green Chemistry

2025-06-24

Gökhan Özokan , Abdülkerim Bilginer , Mustafa Kemal Gümüş | Processes

Benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol are the most used raw materials in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries as preservative ingredients. Cinnamon cassia oil is an important natural starting material to synthesize … Benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol are the most used raw materials in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries as preservative ingredients. Cinnamon cassia oil is an important natural starting material to synthesize organic compounds because it contains a high amount of cinnamaldehyde and benzaldehyde. Thanks to green chemistry techniques using mild solvents such as water and ethanol, as well as low-cost and safe reagents such as potassium permanganate, and sodium borohydride, this natural starting material was used to synthesize high yields of benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, phenylpropanol, and cinnamic acid; these products are used in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Various reaction conditions were applied to find convenient green chemistry procedures. Equivalents (molar) of catalysts to starting materials were optimized. The highest yields (60–90%) were achieved using water as a solvent, potassium permanganate as an oxidation catalyst, and sodium borohydride as a reduction catalyst. Water was used as a solvent in all reactions except phenylpropanol. The uses of a single natural starting material, water as a solvent, and mild reagents to synthesize five important organic compounds are all in line with green chemistry techniques.

Editorial: Renewable chemistry

2025-06-23

James R. Clark | Frontiers in Chemistry

GreenScore: A User-Friendly Tool for Assessing the Sustainability of Chemical Processes

2025-06-22

Frédéric Pin , J L Picard , Sylvie Dhulut | Organic Process Research & Development

Chemische Keule gegen Biodiversität?

2025-06-21

C. M. Martin , Alejandro J. Müller | Naturschutz und Landschaftsplanung (NuL)

A sustainable approach for one-pot, multicomponent synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes using bleach

2025-06-21

N. S. Shinde , Lina Jadhav , Mayuri B. Thorat +2 more | Synthetic Communications

Green metric tools and white assessment in bioanalytical method development and validation: A comprehensive review

2025-06-20

Sravanthi Gandu , Kumaraswamy Gandla , Lalitha Repudi | World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews

The increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly practices in pharmaceutical and bioanalytical research has prompted the integration of green chemistry principles into analytical method development. This review discusses the implementation … The increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly practices in pharmaceutical and bioanalytical research has prompted the integration of green chemistry principles into analytical method development. This review discusses the implementation of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) metrics, such as Analytical Eco-Scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and Analytical Greenness (AGREE), as well as the emerging White Analytical Chemistry (WAC) concept, in the development and validation of bioanalytical methods. We highlight the significance, methodology, and applications of these tools in assessing the environmental impact, efficiency, and overall sustainability of bioanalytical procedures. Case studies from recent literature are examined to illustrate practical applications and future directions.

Preface: The 28th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry

2025-06-20

Julio A. Seijas | The 17th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry

Coumarins from nature to nurture: A sustainable resource for drug discovery and beyond

2025-06-20

Yasser Fakri Mustafa | Applied Chemical Engineering

Coumarins, a class of benzopyrone derivatives predominantly found in plants, have garnered extensive scientific interest for their broad-spectrum biological activities and promising applications across pharmaceutical, agricultural, and cosmetic sectors. Their … Coumarins, a class of benzopyrone derivatives predominantly found in plants, have garnered extensive scientific interest for their broad-spectrum biological activities and promising applications across pharmaceutical, agricultural, and cosmetic sectors. Their historical use in traditional medicine, combined with modern evidence supporting their therapeutic potential, positions coumarins as valuable natural scaffolds for drug development and sustainability-driven innovation. This review explores the natural diversity, biosynthesis, biological activities, and sustainable development strategies associated with coumarins. Emphasis is placed on their role in modern pharmacology, the advances in synthetic biology, and their applications within the context of environmental conservation and green chemistry. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using peer-reviewed literature obtained from major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Key topics include coumarin biosynthesis, plant and microbial sources, traditional and modern applications, and sustainability practices related to their extraction and commercialization. Coumarins demonstrate potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, many of which are linked to structural variations in their core scaffold. Advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have enabled scalable production and derivatization. Coumarin-based compounds are increasingly being applied in skincare formulations, eco-friendly agrochemicals, and as templates in drug discovery. Ethical sourcing, conservation strategies, and regulatory frameworks play critical roles in ensuring sustainable utilization. Coumarins exemplify the convergence of natural product chemistry and sustainable innovation. Their structural diversity, bioactivity, and multifaceted applications underscore their importance in both traditional and modern contexts. Future research should focus on biosynthetic optimization, novel therapeutic targeting, and integration into circular bioeconomy frameworks to maximize their scientific and societal impact.

Self-Surfactant Poly-3hydroxybutyrate-<i>co</i>-3hydroxyhexanoate (PHBHHx) for the Preparation of Usnic Acid Loaded Antimicrobial Nanoparticles Using Nontoxic Chemicals

2025-06-19

Sara Alfano , Lorenzo Ceparano , Benedetta Brugnoli +7 more | ACS Applied Bio Materials

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are naturally occurring polyesters with promising drug delivery applications. Their hydrophobicity enables lipophilic drug encapsulation, enhancing bioavailability but limiting colloidal stability and physiological compatibility. Surfactants crucially improve the … Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are naturally occurring polyesters with promising drug delivery applications. Their hydrophobicity enables lipophilic drug encapsulation, enhancing bioavailability but limiting colloidal stability and physiological compatibility. Surfactants crucially improve the nanoparticle dimensional stability, dispersion, wettability of hydrophobic matrices, and cellular interaction, yet conventional surfactants require additional purification and may pose physiological risks. Self-surfactant systems offer a sustainable alternative. Therefore, this research proposes a green chemical modification of PHAs to develop self-surfactant systems. Hydrophilic groups were introduced onto a poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate (PHBHHx) backbone via amidation using choline taurinate ([Ch][Tau]), a biocompatible ionic liquid. This approach eliminates the need for toxic reagents and complex purification. By precisely controlling the PHBHHx/[Ch][Tau] molar ratio, amphiphilic structures with varying hydrophobic tail lengths were produced, as confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and chromatographic analysis. Nanoparticles were fabricated through the emulsion-solvent evaporation method and employed to encapsulate the lipophilic and antimicrobial agent usnic acid. Dynamic light scattering highlighted the obtainment of stable colloidal suspensions with dimensions of 40-160 nm. Biological evaluations demonstrated the antimicrobial efficacy against planktonic S. aureus Newman strain and biofilm inhibition under fluidic conditions even for the unloaded nanoparticles. Additionally, the nanoparticles exhibited no cytotoxicity at concentrations ranging from 10 to 0.1 μg/mL while retaining antimicrobial activity, in contrast to the high cytotoxicity observed for free usnic acid. Overall, this approach offers a sustainable and scalable strategy to produce self-surfactant and intrinsically antimicrobial polymeric nanocarriers suitable for the systemic drug delivery of lipophilic compounds, smart implant coatings, and antibacterial topical formulations.

US must support chemistry research

2025-06-19

Karen N. Allen , P. B. Armentrout , Clifford E. Berkman +7 more | Science

Green Insights into Levoglucosenone Polyesters: ADMET Polymerization vs Metal- and Enzyme-Catalyzed Polycondensation

2025-06-18

Germán F. Giri , Corentin Archimbaud , Alessandro Pellis +2 more | ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

PRODUÇÃO DE REPELENTE NATURAL

2025-06-17

Ana Júlia Castro Duca , Leonardo Silva de Almeida , Miguel Trindade +4 more | Estudos IAT.

A crescente incidência de doenças transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti,especialmente a Dengue, no município de Lagoa Real – BA, evidencia a urgência de soluçõeseficazes e acessíveis aos munícipes. A pesquisa … A crescente incidência de doenças transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti,especialmente a Dengue, no município de Lagoa Real – BA, evidencia a urgência de soluçõeseficazes e acessíveis aos munícipes. A pesquisa para o desenvolvimento e produção de repelentenatural surge como resposta, considerando que, em 2023 e 2024, a falta de alternativas seguras setorna um desafio para a população local, em uma região com baixo Índice de DesenvolvimentoHumano (IDHM 0,545). Assim, a mencionada pesquisa se insere em um contexto social crítico, noqual muitas famílias enfrentam dificuldades financeiras para adquirir produtos químicos convencionaisque apresentam riscos à saúde por conter DEET. No percurso metodológico, adotou-se ametodologia experimental (GIL, 2002) e estudos bibliográficos que discutem a temáticasustentabilidade (KRENAK, 2019), permitindo a discussão e identificação de variáveis relevantes e ocontrole dos efeitos do repelente, sua eficácia e segurança. Os estudantes do Colégio Estadual LuísPrisco Viana, em Lagoa Real – BA, envolvidos na pesquisa, demonstram inovação, destacando opapel da educação pública na promoção de soluções locais sustentáveis. Além de contribuir para apromoção da aprendizagem em relação à saúde coletiva, o projeto fomenta a popularização daciência, mostrando como pesquisas aplicadas impactam a vida das pessoas. As considerações finaisressaltam que o repelente natural não só reduz os riscos de contaminação, mas também representaum legado de esperança para um futuro saudável. Com a experiência acumulada e os resultadospositivos, o produto oferece uma alternativa eficaz e inspira iniciativas que integram ciência ecomunidade em busca de soluções sustentáveis e justas.

Green Chemistry Approaches in Pharmaceutical Synthesis: Sustainable Methods for Drug Development

2025-06-17

Alina Ștefanache , Alexandra Marcinschi , George-Alexandru Marin +7 more | AppliedChem

The Pharmaceutical Strategy for Europe addresses the environmental implications at all stages of the life cycle of pharmaceuticals, from design and production through use to disposal. In the last decade, … The Pharmaceutical Strategy for Europe addresses the environmental implications at all stages of the life cycle of pharmaceuticals, from design and production through use to disposal. In the last decade, “green chemistry” has transformed pharmaceuticals by promoting sustainability and reducing environmental impact. This review discusses the latest developments in green chemistry approaches, which are applied in drug design and production, including the concepts, innovative techniques, and methodologies. This review is notably built on over 80 documents and demonstrates the practical application of green chemistry principles in pharmaceutical synthesis, emphasizing successful implementation and the environmental benefits achieved. Therefore, this review discusses the positive changes brought by green chemistry to pharmaceutical production and highlights the need for further research in designing and manufacturing “greener” substances, as well as in pollution abatement.

TOOLKIT OF EFFECTIVE REAGENTS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF HETEROATOM CONTAINING COMPOUNDS (MINI-REVIEW)

2025-06-16

Nail S. Akhmadiev , В. Р. Ахметова | Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN

The mini-review presents the achievements of Ufa scientists, implemented under the supervision of Profes sor A.G. Ibragimov, in the field of heterocycle synthesis based on transition metal-catalyzed two-component reac tions … The mini-review presents the achievements of Ufa scientists, implemented under the supervision of Profes sor A.G. Ibragimov, in the field of heterocycle synthesis based on transition metal-catalyzed two-component reac tions of cyclocondensation, recyclization, transamination, cyclothio- and aminomethylation of N,O,S-nucleophiles with reagents that have a latent formaldehyde form in the structure. Taking into account the efficiency of such reagents, we systematized the material, ranking them into the following tools: N,N-bis(methoxyalkyl)-N-amines, bis(dimethylaminomethane), dimethylamino disulfides, N-aryl-1,5,3-dioxazepanes, 1,3,6-oxadithiepane, aryl 1,3,5-triazinanes, N-substituted 1,3,5-dithiazinanes, bis(oxazolidin-3-yl)methane, glycoluril, and 1,4,5,8 tetraazadecalin. The highest catalytic activity in reagent activation was demonstrated by commercially available salts of transition and rare earth metals (Sm(NO3)3∙6H2O, NiCl2∙6H2O, CuCl, FeCl3∙6H2O, YbCl3∙6H2O). A possi ble mechanism of reactions occurring under Lewis acid catalysis is a mixed SN1–SN2 type, the key stages of which are the coordination of catalyst metal ions to the heteroatom of the reactants, the addition of nucleophiles to the formed carbocation, and the subsequent elimination of leaving groups. The value of the obtained reagents lies in the possibility of obtaining a wide combinatorial series of saturated heterocyclic systems with six-, seven-, and eight-membered nuclei, cyclophanes, and macrocyclic compounds.

Erste Schritte auf dem Weg zu einer digitalen Lern- und Prüfungsumgebung für die organische Chemie

2025-06-16

Katrin Schuessler , Michael Giese , Maik Walpuski | Verlag Barbara Budrich eBooks

Functionalisation of Lignin-Derived Diols for the Synthesis of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes and Polyester Resins

2025-06-16

Rachele N. Carafa , Justin J. S. Kosalka , Brian Fernandes +3 more | Molecules

The functionalisation of lignin-derived phenolics (guaiacol, 4-propylguaiacol, eugenol, isoeugenol, phenol, m-cresol, catechol, syringol, syringaldehyde, and vanillin) for the synthesis of thermoplastic polyurethanes (PUs) and polyester (PE) resins is herein described. … The functionalisation of lignin-derived phenolics (guaiacol, 4-propylguaiacol, eugenol, isoeugenol, phenol, m-cresol, catechol, syringol, syringaldehyde, and vanillin) for the synthesis of thermoplastic polyurethanes (PUs) and polyester (PE) resins is herein described. Diols were synthesised from phenolics in a one-step reaction using either glycerol carbonate or ethylene carbonate as a greener, solvent-free synthetic route. Nine of the diols were selected for the synthesis of Pus, and two of the diols were used for the synthesis of PE resins, with their physical and thermal properties characterised. Analysis of the PUs by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed their amorphous nature, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) suggested improved thermal stability for all PUs with the addition of an alkyl or aldehyde substituent on the benzene ring regardless of the diisocyanate used. However, lower PU thermal stabilities were observed with the use of an aliphatic diisocyanate over an aromatic diisocyanate in the absence of an additional substituent. Analysis of the PEs by DSC also confirmed that the clear resins were all amorphous, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) revealed significantly higher molecular weights and dispersities when an aliphatic diacid was utilised over an aromatic diacid.

Impact of Additives on Poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) Membrane Formation Process Using Non-Solvent-Induced Phase Separation

2025-06-16

Sulaiman Dhameri , Jason Stallings , Endras Fadhilah +4 more | Membranes

Poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS) is a common polymer used in toys, automobile parts, and membranes. Membranes fabricated with this copolymer commonly employ toxic solvents and have a dense architecture, which may not … Poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS) is a common polymer used in toys, automobile parts, and membranes. Membranes fabricated with this copolymer commonly employ toxic solvents and have a dense architecture, which may not work in all applications. This work investigates the synthesis of ABS membranes, using green solvents and the influence of additives on the phase inversion process during the non-solvent-induced phase separation. The addition of water-soluble additives, ethanol, and acetone is hypothesized to provide additional control over viscosity and volatility, and, consequently, impact the phase inversion process. Membranes were fabricated with PolarClean and with various additive concentrations and evaporation times. The resulting membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a pycnometer to visualize the pore structure and obtain porosity information. Membrane performance, including water flux and bovine serum albumin rejection, was evaluated using dead-end cell filtration. Membranes fabricated using only PolarClean had fingerlike pore morphology and relatively low protein rejection. The addition of additives resulted in a change in pore architecture and rejection, which is hypothesized to be a result of additives' volatility, humidity, and destabilization of liquid-liquid separation. This study provides a more detailed understanding of the impact of additives on the resulting ABS membrane structure and performance, with a focus on safer solvents.

EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR CONSTRUCTING MACROHETERO- AND METALHETEROCYCLES WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF CATALYSTS BASED ON RARE-EARTH AND TRANSITION METALS

2025-06-16

Nataliya N. Makhmudiyarova , I. R. Ishmukhametova | Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN

Current trends in synthetic organic chemistry require a transition from multi-stage methods for obtaining target molecules to single-stage reactions while maintaining the overall efficiency and selectivity of the methods used. … Current trends in synthetic organic chemistry require a transition from multi-stage methods for obtaining target molecules to single-stage reactions while maintaining the overall efficiency and selectivity of the methods used. This is especially important for the production of complex heterocyclic compounds with biological activity and a complex of useful chemical properties. Heterocycles are widespread in nature, are part of complex chemical structures and play a key role in animal metabolism. The introduction of heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur) into the macrocyclic skeleton promotes their specific binding to metal ions and changes in the chemical properties of macrocycles. The selectivity of macrocycle binding of ions of various metals and organic ions is regulated by the type, number and position of heteroatoms in the ring, the size of the cycle, as well as the presence of function al groups in the ring. The most well-known and significant representatives of heterocyclic compounds with wide practical application include O,N-, O-O-CH2N(S,P)-, S,N- and O,S,N-containing heterocycles, which possess a complex of beneficial properties and have proven themselves to be effective antioxidant, fungicidal, antimicrobial, antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents, as well as rare metal sorbents and selective complexing agents. To obtain O,S, and N-containing macrocycles, as a rule, multi-stage syntheses based on a combination of cross-coupling reactions, heterocyclization, recycling, and esterification are used. Most of the reactions described above are multi-stage and have low selectivity. Unlike thermal methods, catalytic methods for producing heterocycles repre sent a relatively new and constantly developing field of organic synthesis. Catalytic reactions make it possible to obtain heterocycles with high selectivity due to the nucleophilic addition of heteroatoms to carbonyl compounds, acetylenes and other substrates. Such reactions include Michael addition, cycloaddition, olefin metathesis, cross-combination, introduction of carbenoids along the heteroatom-H bond, opening of small cycles and acetylene-allene rearrangements. Catalytic methods make it possible to efficiently involve small molecules that are not active under normal conditions, such as CO2, CO or ethylene, in reactions for the synthesis of heterocycles. The rapid development of catalytic reactions has led to an understanding of the need to develop effective methods for constructing heterocyclic compounds of diverse structures. Taking into account the prospects of fundamental research in the field of synthesis of macrocyclic heteroatomic compounds and their increasing practical application as potential biologically active substances and materials with a complex of useful properties, the development of preparative methods for the selective synthesis of new types of O,N-, S,N containing macrohetero(metallo)cycles under mild conditions involving available starting reagents and catalysts is an important and urgent task. The article describes effective methods for constructing macrohetero(O,S,N,P)- and metal(Al,Si)hetero(O,S,N)cycles involving catalysts based on rare earths and transition metals, which were developed under the strict guidance of Dr. of Chemical Sciences, Professor A.G. Ibragimov.

Efficient Exploration of Additives for Biomass-Based Polylactic Acid Resin by Use of Chemicals Informatics Based on Public Literature Data

2025-06-15

Tomio Iwasaki , Shigetaka Tsubouchi , Yusuke Asari +3 more | Journal of the Society of Materials Science Japan

An informatics framework for the design of sustainable, chemically recyclable, synthetically accessible, and durable polymers

2025-06-14

Joseph Kern , Yong-Liang Su , Will R. Gutekunst +1 more | npj Computational Materials

View PDF Chat

Computational study of poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycolysis catalyzed by cyanamide

2025-06-14

Varangkana Jitchum , Thana Maihom | Structural Chemistry

Toxicity Assessment and Bioremediation of Deep Eutectic Solvents by Haloferax mediterranei: A Step Toward Sustainable Circular Chemistry

2025-06-14

Gabriela Guillena , Guillermo Martínez Martínez , Rosa María Martínez‐Espinosa | ChemSusChem

Understanding the toxicity of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) remains a major obstacle to large‐scale applications. Existing toxicity studies show inconsistent results due to the choice of different test organisms and … Understanding the toxicity of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) remains a major obstacle to large‐scale applications. Existing toxicity studies show inconsistent results due to the choice of different test organisms and methods, synergistic effects between DES components, and their interactions with culture media. This study introduces the haloarchaeon Haloferax mediterranei as a novel model to assess both the toxicity and biodegradability of acetylcholine chloride (AcChCl) and choline chloride (ChCl) based DESs. Unlike other models that may not accurately reflect the environmental risks posed by halide‐rich DES residues, H. mediterranei is an extremophile naturally adapted to high‐salt and high‐halide environments. DES concentrations of up to 300 mM were well tolerated. AcChCl‐based DESs inhibited growth, likely via medium acidification due to some DES components hydrolysis, ChCl: acetamide had partial effects depending on acetamide concentration, and ChCl: ethylene glycol showed no toxicity. The haloarchaeon metabolized specific DES components, reducing environmental impact. Urea and AcChCl: urea (100 mM) served as nitrogen sources, while AcChCl‐based DESs were consumed as carbon sources, likely due to the presence of acetate. H. mediterranei's metabolic versatility and high tolerance to toxic compounds position it as a promising candidate for sustainable bioremediation, advancing circular chemistry and responsible DES waste management.

Tox-Scapes: A visual and quantitative tool for selecting safer chemical reactions by means of cytotoxicity assessment

2025-06-13

Andrey Kolesnikov , Nikolay O. Grebennikov , Kristina A. Romanenko +2 more | Journal of Cleaner Production

Circular microbial oil production and extraction using oleaginous yeasts, post-consumer bioplastic wastes and green solvents

2025-06-13

Apostolos Petropoulos , Nikos Giannakis , Sofia-Maria Ioannidou +3 more | Waste Management

Safe and Sustainable by Design: driving innovation towards safer and more sustainable chemicals, materials, processes and products

2025-06-13

Irantzu GARMENDIA-AGUIRRE , Kirsten Rasmussen , Hubert Rauscher | Sustainability & Circularity NOW

The Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) framework integrates safety and sustainability throughout the innovation process in a holistic manner. It supports the (re)design of chemicals, materials, processes, and products … The Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) framework integrates safety and sustainability throughout the innovation process in a holistic manner. It supports the (re)design of chemicals, materials, processes, and products by combining Risk Assessment (RA) and Sustainability Assessment (SA) with a life-cycle perspective driving innovation towards safer and more sustainable solutions. It is a collective effort and responsibility across the value chain and it represents a paradigm change in innovation and is a key element for achieving the European Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability goals.

Honoring Prof. William (Bill) F. DeGrado: An Inspiring Journey of a Transformative Chemist

2025-06-13

Marcos M. Pires , Michael L. Klein , Jayanta Haldar | ACS Infectious Diseases

Green Pathways: Enhancing Amine Synthesis Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

2025-06-12

Andrés R. Alcántara , Gonzalo de Gonzalo | Catalysts

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as prominent, environmentally benign substitutes for traditional solvents and catalysts in organic synthesis, notably in the synthesis of amines, pivotal structures in many industrial … Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as prominent, environmentally benign substitutes for traditional solvents and catalysts in organic synthesis, notably in the synthesis of amines, pivotal structures in many industrial sectors. Their distinctive physicochemical attributes—including negligible volatility, exceptional thermal stability, and adjustable polarity—render them particularly advantageous for facilitating a broad spectrum of amination reactions. DESs can serve dually as reaction media and as intrinsic catalytic systems, accelerating reaction kinetics without necessitating supplementary catalysts or severe reaction conditions. They are especially efficacious in processes such as reductive amination, transamination, and multicomponent transformations, often affording superior yields and streamlining product isolation. The extensive hydrogen-bonding network intrinsic to DESs is believed to mediate crucial mechanistic steps, frequently obviating the requirement for external additives. Moreover, DESs are recyclable and exhibit compatibility with a diverse array of substrates, encompassing bio-derived and pharmaceutical intermediates.

Learning at the Boundaries: Exploring Systems Chemists’ Perceptions of Systems Thinking in Chemistry

2025-06-12

Guizella A. Rocabado , MaryKay Orgill | Journal of Chemical Education

Glycerol and Maleic Anhydride-Based Acrylic Polyester: A Solution for Greener Photocurable Resins for 3D Printing of Renewable Materials

2025-06-12

Gabriel Iago dos Santos , Caroline Gaglieri , Rafael Turra Alarcon +3 more | ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Assessing chemistry teachers’ entrepreneurial competencies for developing small chemical-based businesses in Rwanda

2025-06-12

Aloys Iyamuremye , Jeannette Musengimana , Ezechiel Nsabayezu +3 more | Discover Education

Green pharmacy practice – a multi method study of environmental sustainability measures implemented in Swedish pharmacies

2025-06-12

Elin Salehi , Christina Ljungberg , Helle Håkonsen | Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice

The Extraordinary Benefit of Nature’s Chemistry to Health, Society, and the Economy

2025-06-12

Bradley S. Moore , David Newman | Journal of Natural Products

The connection between humans and Nature's chemistry is astonishing and built into the very fabric of our genetic code. In this Perspective, we focus on bioactive molecules from microbes, plants, … The connection between humans and Nature's chemistry is astonishing and built into the very fabric of our genetic code. In this Perspective, we focus on bioactive molecules from microbes, plants, and animals that transformed our health and society and continue to change the course of human history. In light of our changing planet and recent public distrust in science, our intimate connection with Nature and its solutions to our problems are in peril. It has never been more important to invest new effort into understanding the mysteries of life's molecules to preserve our own existence.