Arts and Humanities Visual Arts and Performing Arts

Architecture and Art History Studies

Description

This cluster of papers explores the intersection of architectural geometry, artistic representation, and mathematical theory, focusing on topics such as perspective, Renaissance art, historical cartography, anamorphic images, gothic architecture, and proportional analysis. It delves into the application of geometric principles in architectural design and the representation of cultural heritage through visual practices.

Keywords

Architectural Geometry; Artistic Representation; Perspective; Mathematical Theory; Renaissance Art; Historical Cartography; Anamorphic Images; Gothic Architecture; Proportional Analysis; Cultural Heritage

Norberg-Schulz is a practicing architect;his buildings stand in several countries;and he elucidates the nature of architectural reality with a practiced eye and from a practical viewpoint. Although the methods and … Norberg-Schulz is a practicing architect;his buildings stand in several countries;and he elucidates the nature of architectural reality with a practiced eye and from a practical viewpoint. Although the methods and theory that his book develops are uncompromisingly rigorous and tightly formed, they are everywhere related to actual building, through specific examples and through the use of over 100 photographs.The structure that Norberg-Schulz has fashioned is surely one of the most impressive intellectual edifices that any architect has ever produced. The materials that are organically worked into it include Gestalt psychology, the mechanics of perception, information theory, modern analytic philosophy, and in particular, linguistic analysis, and the general theory of signs and symbols. The result, however, is not an eclectic hodge-podge;all these materials have their place and purpose;none is applied extraneously for show or purely decorative effect. And all this divergent material had to be joined according to plan within formal bounds in order to produce a theory with equally divergent applications: one that can treat not only of the aesthetics of architecture but equally well of its social, psychological, and cultural effects.The chief focus of the book is on the symbolic and linguistic. The purpose is to develop an integrated theory of architectural description and architectural intention (and this includes the intention of the user as well as that of the designer), insofar as architecture is an art.
The upper church of San Francesco at Assisi Giotto - the Arena chapel Giotto - the Bardi and Peruzzi chapels the early Sienese masters Maso di Banco Ambrogio Lorenzetti late … The upper church of San Francesco at Assisi Giotto - the Arena chapel Giotto - the Bardi and Peruzzi chapels the early Sienese masters Maso di Banco Ambrogio Lorenzetti late 14th-century painting and the meaning of the picture the development of the theory of artificial perspective Masaccio Masolino Donatello and Ghiberti Filippo Lippi illusionism and perspective Paolo Uccello, Leonardo da Vinci and the development of synthetic perspective 14th and 15th-century manuscript illumination in France spatial design in antiquity present problems.
Honorable Mention, 2008 Katherine Singer Kovacs Book Award presented by the Society for Cinema and Media Studies. and 2007 Winner of the Phi Kappa Phi Faculty Recognition Award at University … Honorable Mention, 2008 Katherine Singer Kovacs Book Award presented by the Society for Cinema and Media Studies. and 2007 Winner of the Phi Kappa Phi Faculty Recognition Award at University of Southern California. As we spend more and more of our time staring at the screens of movies, televisions, computers, and handheld devices--windows full of moving images, texts, and icons--how the world is framed has become as important as what is in the frame. In The Virtual Window, Anne Friedberg examines the window as metaphor, as architectural component, and as an opening to the dematerialized reality we see on the screen. In De pictura (1435), Leon Battista Alberti famously instructed painters to consider the frame of the painting as an open window. Taking Alberti's metaphor as her starting point, Friedberg tracks shifts in the perspectival paradigm as she gives us histories of the architectural window, developments in glass and transparency, and the emerging apparatuses of photography, cinema, television, and digital imaging. Single-point perspective--Alberti's metaphorical window--has long been challenged by modern painting, modern architecture, and moving-image technologies. And yet, notes Friedberg, for most of the twentieth century the dominant form of the moving image was a single image in a single frame. The fractured modernism exemplified by cubist painting, for example, remained largely confined to experimental, avant-garde work. On the computer screen, however, where multiple coexist and overlap, perspective may have met its end. In this wide-ranging book, Friedberg considers such topics as the framed view of the camera obscura, Le Corbusier's mandates for the architectural window, Eisenstein's opinions on the shape of the movie screen, and the multiple images and nested windows commonly displayed on screens today. The Virtual Window proposes a new logic of visuality, framed and virtual: an architecture not only of space but of time.
For over sixty years Sir Nikolaus Pevsner's study of European architecture has been regarded as a seminal work which has inspired countless students of architecture around the world. In this … For over sixty years Sir Nikolaus Pevsner's study of European architecture has been regarded as a seminal work which has inspired countless students of architecture around the world. In this updated, larger format edition, which also has a new and elegant design and completely new drawings, an extra dimension is provided through the integration of over 200 superb colour photographs. Through his perceptive understanding of the heritage of past civilizations, and in the delineation of the buildings that continue to be recognized as the greatest symbols of artistic endeavour, Pevsner remains the essential guide and companion.
The history of optical design has engendered theoretical work originating in different countries, and using different nomenclature and sign conventions. Michael Kidger was adept at selecting topics that would be … The history of optical design has engendered theoretical work originating in different countries, and using different nomenclature and sign conventions. Michael Kidger was adept at selecting topics that would be useful in the mainstream of optical design, reducing theory to the essentials and rewriting it using a common nomenclature and sign convention. This work, published after Kidger's death with the help of his colleagues, provides all the essential and best elements of his courses taught worldwide on lens and optical design.
Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture marks a turning point in American architecture and architectural theory. In the early 1980s, Philip Johnson declared, with extravagant insouciance: “Ven... Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture marks a turning point in American architecture and architectural theory. In the early 1980s, Philip Johnson declared, with extravagant insouciance: “Ven...
A parametric shape grammar that generates the ground plans of Palladio's villas is developed as a definition of the Palladian style. The grammar is applied to generate the plan for … A parametric shape grammar that generates the ground plans of Palladio's villas is developed as a definition of the Palladian style. The grammar is applied to generate the plan for the Villa Malcontenta.
Part 1 Conditions of trade: Introduction contracts and the client's control art and matter the value of skill perception of skill. Part 2 The period eye: Relative perception pictures and … Part 1 Conditions of trade: Introduction contracts and the client's control art and matter the value of skill perception of skill. Part 2 The period eye: Relative perception pictures and knowledge the cognitive style the function of images Istoria the body and its language figure patterns the value of colours volumes intervals and proportions the moral eye. Part 3 Pictures and categories: Words and pictures Giovanni Santi's twenty-five painters Cristoforo Landino categories, including nature, relief, purity, ease, perspective, grace, ornateness, variety, composition, colouring, design, difficulty, foreshortening, promptness, blitheness, devotion conclusion. Texts and references. Index.
Rudolf Arnheim has been known, since the publication of his groundbreaking Art and Visual Perception in 1974, as an authority on the psychological interpretation of the visual arts. Two anniversary … Rudolf Arnheim has been known, since the publication of his groundbreaking Art and Visual Perception in 1974, as an authority on the psychological interpretation of the visual arts. Two anniversary volumes celebrate the landmark anniversaries of his works in 2009. In The Power of the Center, Arnheim uses a wealth of examples to consider the actors that determine the overall organization of visual form in works of painting, sculpture, and architecture. The Dynamics of Architectural Form explores the unexpected perceptual consequences of architecture with Arnheim's customary clarity and precision.
Preface 1. Introduction 2. Structural theory of masonry 3. Domes 4. The masonry vault 5. Some structural elements 6. Towers and bells 7. Spires 8. Some historical notes Bibliography Index. Preface 1. Introduction 2. Structural theory of masonry 3. Domes 4. The masonry vault 5. Some structural elements 6. Towers and bells 7. Spires 8. Some historical notes Bibliography Index.
According to Newton's analysis of light, every colour in nature is produced by the mixture, in various proportions, of the different kinds of light into which white light is divided … According to Newton's analysis of light, every colour in nature is produced by the mixture, in various proportions, of the different kinds of light into which white light is divided by refraction. By means of a prism we may analyse any coloured light, and determine the proportions in which the different homogeneous rays enter into it; and by means of a lens we may recombine these rays, and reproduce the original coloured light. Newton has also shown how to combine the different rays of the spectrum so as to form a single beam of light, and how to alter the proportions of the different colours so as to exhibit the result of combining them in any arbitrary manner.
List of figures Preface List of abbreviations Introduction 1. The primacy of sight 2. The fallacies of sight 3. The harmony of the spheres 4. The harmony of the senses … List of figures Preface List of abbreviations Introduction 1. The primacy of sight 2. The fallacies of sight 3. The harmony of the spheres 4. The harmony of the senses 5. The common sense 6. Spiritus 7. The light of the piazza 8. Optics and the common sense 9. Confused knowledge 10. Cogitation 11. The mechanical arts 12. Prudence 13. The spark of God Conclusions Bibliography Index.
(1896). XV. On the theory of optical images, with special reference to the microscope. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 42, No. 255, pp. … (1896). XV. On the theory of optical images, with special reference to the microscope. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 42, No. 255, pp. 167-195.
(1907). XII. On our perception of sound direction. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 13, No. 74, pp. 214-232. (1907). XII. On our perception of sound direction. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 13, No. 74, pp. 214-232.
Part 1 Lines of sight: perspective 1 - from Brunelleschi to Leonardo perspective 2 - from Durer to Galileo perspective 3 - from Rubens to Turner. Part 2 Machine and … Part 1 Lines of sight: perspective 1 - from Brunelleschi to Leonardo perspective 2 - from Durer to Galileo perspective 3 - from Rubens to Turner. Part 2 Machine and mind: machines and marvels seeing, knowing, and reating. Part 3 The colour of light: the Aristotelian legacy Newton and after.
Sir, To perform my late promise to you, I shall without further ceremony acquaint you, that in the beginning of the Year 1666 (at which time I applyed my self … Sir, To perform my late promise to you, I shall without further ceremony acquaint you, that in the beginning of the Year 1666 (at which time I applyed my self to the grinding of Optick glasses of other figures than Spherical ,) I procured me a Triangular glass-Prisme, to try therewith the celebrated Phœnomena of Colours .
As the first comprehensive encyclopedic survey of Western architectural theory from Vitruvius to the present, this book is an essential resource for architects, students, teachers, historians, and theorists. Using only … As the first comprehensive encyclopedic survey of Western architectural theory from Vitruvius to the present, this book is an essential resource for architects, students, teachers, historians, and theorists. Using only original sources, Kruft has undertaken the monumental task of researching, organizing, and analyzing the significant statements put forth by architectural theorists over the last two thousand years. The result is a text that is authoritative and complete, easy to read without being reductive.
(1867). LX. Thoughts on inverse orthogonal matrices, simultaneous signsuccessions, and tessellated pavements in two or more colours, with applications to Newton's rule, ornamental tile-work, and the theory of numbers . … (1867). LX. Thoughts on inverse orthogonal matrices, simultaneous signsuccessions, and tessellated pavements in two or more colours, with applications to Newton's rule, ornamental tile-work, and the theory of numbers . The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 34, No. 232, pp. 461-475.
Abstract In this short piece I critically evaluate the question of whether what I call the causal theory of objects might be a more plausible alternative to the phenomenalism Pelczar … Abstract In this short piece I critically evaluate the question of whether what I call the causal theory of objects might be a more plausible alternative to the phenomenalism Pelczar ddefends in his recent book.
Dominance in architecture is defined as the superiority and predominance of an element or group of elements over the rest in the composition, which causes its attractiveness to the recipient/viewer. … Dominance in architecture is defined as the superiority and predominance of an element or group of elements over the rest in the composition, which causes its attractiveness to the recipient/viewer. The dominant elements often include the basic idea of the architectural work and carry a set of design characteristics. The research assumes that there is a fundamental causal relationship between the monumentality of the buildings and the presence of the design characteristics that causes dominance. Thus, the aim was to verify the presence of these characteristics in the projects of the architect (Louis khan), and to find out the reasons of dominance that most obvious and which were the reasons of the monumentality of his works. The research adopted a descriptive approach by using a questionnaire for architects. The results showed the presence of dominance on both total and partial levels of design in his projects due to the types of basic shapes, because of their constant presence in the mind and their large size. At the spatial level, the dominance caused by the complete repetition of the elements and their important functions.
La presente investigación explora la reflectividad de los materiales como recursos expresivos-compositivos en el diseño interior. Para ello, analiza a la resina epóxica como un material innovador para la generación … La presente investigación explora la reflectividad de los materiales como recursos expresivos-compositivos en el diseño interior. Para ello, analiza a la resina epóxica como un material innovador para la generación de efectos perceptivos y espaciales. El estudio parte desde la necesidad de conocer e integrar a este material al diseño interior y a la arquitectura, al resaltar su potencial para modificarlo por medio de la interacción de la luz, las texturas y la percepción espacial. Se lo hace a través de una metodología experimental, donde se llevan a cabo pruebas con diversas combinaciones matéricas con propiedades particulares, con el propósito de identificar su capacidad potenciadora en la expresividad dentro del interiorismo. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que la resina epóxica, al interactuar con recursos lumínicos naturales y artificiales, permite crear efectos dinámicos que enriquecen la significación del espacio interior habitado. Se evidencia también que su integración con superficies translúcidas o altamente reflectantes amplifica la percepción lumínica, mientras que su fusión con materiales opacos aporta variaciones sensoriales táctiles y cromáticas visuales. Este material constituye un medio expresivo capaz de transformar la experiencia perceptiva del espacio, lo que optimiza el recurso lumínico, la percepción volumétrica y la interacción sensorial del usuario. Este estudio contribuye al desarrollo de nuevas estrategias tecnológicas y proyectuales en el interiorismo, al destacar la importancia de la materialidad en la construcción de significaciones espaciales y en la generación de experiencias innovadoras inmersivas. Palabras clave: diseño interior, resina epóxica, reflectividad, percepción espacial, expresividad. AbstractThis research explores the reflectivity of materials as expressive-compositional resources in interior design. To this end, it analyzes epoxy resin as an innovative material for the generation of perceptual and spatial effects. The study starts from the need to know and integrate this material into interior design and architecture, highlighting its potential to be modified through the interaction of light, textures and spatial perception. Through an experimental methodology, tests were conducted with various material combinations with particular properties to identify their capacity to enhance expressiveness within interior design. The results show that when interacting with natural and artificial light resources, epoxy resin allows the creation of dynamic effects that enrich the meaning of the inhabited interior space. It is also evident that its integration with translucent or highly reflective surfaces amplifies light perception, while its fusion with opaque materials provides tactile sensory and visual chromatic variations. This material constitutes an expressive medium capable of transforming the perceptual experience of space, optimizing the lighting resource, volumetric perception, and the user's sensorial interaction. This study contributes to the development of new technological and design strategies in interior design, highlighting the importance of materiality in the construction of spatial meanings and thegeneration of innovative immersive experiences. Keywords: interior design, epoxy resin, reflectivity, spatial perception, expressivity.
Este artículo de investigación se enfoca en el desarrollo de estrategias de diseño interior para entornos comerciales, donde se integra la noción de escenografía como una herramienta conceptual destinada a … Este artículo de investigación se enfoca en el desarrollo de estrategias de diseño interior para entornos comerciales, donde se integra la noción de escenografía como una herramienta conceptual destinada a provocar experiencias innovadoras en el cliente o usuario del espacio. Se propone que dichas alternativas escenográficas ofrezcan facilidad en la construcción, así como un montaje y desmontaje ágil, al utilizar elementos estéticos y expresivos. Además, deben tener la capacidad de revitalizar y refrescar la imagen y presentación del espacio comercial, al responder a la demanda contemporánea de un diseño centrado en las experiencias. Este trabajo se sitúa en la oportunidad de crear nuevos espacios comerciales que no solo atraigan a los clientes, sino que también se adapten a cambios frecuentes, al brindar una experiencia renovada desde una perspectiva altamente estética y simbólica. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de los elementos presentes en la escenografía, tanto conceptuales como constructivos, que luego se proponen como variables que se interrelacionan para la creación de modelos heurísticos innovadores de experimentación. Finalmente, a partir del modelo experimental, se realizan propuestas de interiorismo a partir del uso de inteligencia artificial. Palabras clave: escenografía comercial, modelos heurísticos, experiencia estética, experiencia simbólica, espacios comerciales, arquitectura comercial. AbstractThis research article focuses on the development of interior design strategies for commercial environments, integrating the notion of scenography as a conceptual tool to provoke innovative experiences for the client or user of space. These scenography alternatives are proposed to offer ease of construction, as well as agile assembly and disassembly, through the use of aesthetic and expressive elements. Additionally, they should be able to revitalize and refresh the image and presentation of commercial spaces in response to the contemporary demand for experience-centered design. This study explores the opportunity to create new commercial spaces that not only attract customers but also adapt to frequent changes, providing a renewed experience from a highly aesthetic and symbolic perspective. To this end, an in-depth analysis was conducted on the conceptual and constructive elements present in scenography. These elements were then proposed as interrelated variables for the creation of innovative heuristic models of experimentation. Finally, based on the experimental model, interior design proposals are developed using artificial intelligence. Keywords: commercial scenography, heuristic models, aesthetic experience, symbolic experience, commercial spaces, commercial architecture.
Digitaliseringen av arkivmaterial har under de senaste decennierna radikalt förändrat tillgången till data, och nya metodologiska angreppssätt krävs för att kunna hantera de stora mängderna information. Samtidigt möjliggör digitaliseringen forskning … Digitaliseringen av arkivmaterial har under de senaste decennierna radikalt förändrat tillgången till data, och nya metodologiska angreppssätt krävs för att kunna hantera de stora mängderna information. Samtidigt möjliggör digitaliseringen forskning som tidigare hade varit svår att utföra i ett analogt arkiv. I artikeln undersöks hur en re-evaluering av ett känt arkitekturhistoriskt fenomen genom strukturerade sökningar i digitala arkiv kan bidra till att skriva om fenomenets historia. De huvudsakliga frågeställningarna relaterar till hur den systematiska litteraturöversiktens metodologi kan anpassas till sökning av material i digitaliserade arkiv, hur kan resultaten kopplas till tidigare forskning och vilket resultat har metoden på fallstudien den finländska trähusexporten? Resultatet blir en betydligt bredare beskrivning av den finländska trähusindustrin och trähusexportens historia. Genom en kombination av litteraturöversikt och systematisk sökning i digitaliserade arkiv, både i Finland och internationellt kan prefabriceringsindustrins början, mängden producenter, information om export och deltagande i internationella utställningar samt volymen på exporten omvärderas helt och lägger grunden för ny framtida forskning.
The article examines a little-known photograph of academician of architecture Oleksii Beketov in a folk-style embroidered shirt, an atypical outfit for him and his social status, and one of the … The article examines a little-known photograph of academician of architecture Oleksii Beketov in a folk-style embroidered shirt, an atypical outfit for him and his social status, and one of the few that does not have an attribution of the date of the photograph and the occasion. The study was conducted using the analytical method, as well as the methods of descriptive, comparative, and generalisational analysis. The author hypothesises that the photograph was taken specifically as a gift to her mother-in-law, the famous educator Khrystyna Alchevska. The novelty of the study lies in the attribution of the date and occasion of O. Beketov’s photograph, which explains his attitude to Ukrainianness as such and to enlightenment cause in Kharkiv province. Relevance of the topic. The approach to the cultural heritage of the Soviet and imperial periods in Ukraine remains unresolved. There are discussions about both the individual figures and their works. Academician of architecture in the Russian Empire, professor and PhD in Soviet Ukraine, Oleksii Beketov left dozens of buildings for various purposes, designed to a world-class standard, to the descendants of Kharkiv residents. By emphasising his status as the best architect in the South of Russian Empire before 1917, the aggressor’s propagandists are attempting to claim him as a politically and etchnically “russian” figure. Conclusions. Based on the study of the context of the life and work of the famous architect O. Beketov in the last decade of the nineteenth century, the author draws the following conclusions. As for the clothes in the photo, they are called folk shirts. The patriotic and political term ‘vyshyvanka’ entered the lexicon of Ukrainians much later. The date of the photograph can be reliably attributed to between 1891 and May 1893. The reason for the photo’s appearance can be considered the special relationship between the young family of O. Beketov and the Alchevsky family. Most likely, the photo was taken as a souvenir for his mother-in-law, H. Alchevska.
Currently, the urban green areas found along the medians face a series of problems aggravated by the selection of tree elements without considering the particularities of each species, as well … Currently, the urban green areas found along the medians face a series of problems aggravated by the selection of tree elements without considering the particularities of each species, as well as the environmental and spatial characteristics of each road. The objective of this research was to determine the diversity of trees in the central median of 5 de mayo Boulevard in the city of Puebla and its impact on urban infrastructure. For each tree individual, its common name, scientific name, trunk diameter at breast height (DBH), its phytosanitary status, as well as the effects on the trim and pavement (length of exposed roots) were recorded. 527 individuals belonging to 15 botanical species were recorded, with Ficus benjamina being the most abundant with 46.9% (relative abundance), Ficus elastica and Jacaranda mimosifolia are the species that generate the greatest impact on urban infrastructure with exposed roots exceeding 250±50 cm average length. These results highlight the need for more careful planning in the selection and management of tree species in urban areas to favor their adequate development and mitigate their impact on infrastructure.
Josep Artigas i Ojeda (Barcelona, 7 de marzo de 1911 - 15 de octubre de 1991) fue uno de los diseñadores gráficos, cartelistas y publicitarios más destacados de la España … Josep Artigas i Ojeda (Barcelona, 7 de marzo de 1911 - 15 de octubre de 1991) fue uno de los diseñadores gráficos, cartelistas y publicitarios más destacados de la España de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Con su característica pipa, de pie en el estudio ante el cartel, colocado en un caballete como si fuera un cuadro, es un ejemplo de una época en la que el ordenador era inexistente en el diseño gráfico y los pinceles y técnicas como, por ejemplo, el collage eran básicos en todo el proceso creativo.
V. М. Vasylchuk | Вісник Київського національного лінгвістичного університету Серія Історія економіка філософія
The purpose of the article is a comprehensive and multidisciplinary analysis of the legacy of the eighteenth-century Ukrainian architect with North German roots, Johann Gottfried Schödel, and his contribution to … The purpose of the article is a comprehensive and multidisciplinary analysis of the legacy of the eighteenth-century Ukrainian architect with North German roots, Johann Gottfried Schödel, and his contribution to the development of Ukrainian architecture of the Enlightenment. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity, as well as systematicity and complexity, scientificity, and the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical methods. In conducting this study, the author used general historical methods of historiographic, comparative, and terminological analysis. Scientific novelty. It is determined by the fact that this is one of the first attempts at a comprehensive analysis of historical research on prominent German figures. The study examines the peculiarities of assessing the architectural work of Johann Gottfried Schödel. It is noted that prosopographical research helps to comprehensively and with greater probability study the life and activities of entire German families from the standpoint of not only biographical facts, but also taking into account a large set of data, such as social ties, preferences, political views, etc. It is noted that prosopographic research methods helped us to create a portrait of the German master J. G. Schödel. Research results. Thus, in connection with the gradual integration processes in Ukraine aimed at the European Community, the study of the history of Ukrainian Germans who lived and are living in our country is of scientific and practical interest. In addition, the role of the individual in history remains a relevant area of historical science. Historical research on prominent German figures is also valuable today, and their memory should be preserved for future generations of Ukrainian citizens. Thus, the history of every nation that inhabits Ukraine is an integral part of our common state history.
Over the course of nearly six decades (1368–1435), Charles V’s Librairie du Louvre was the center of the Valois court, serving as a place where people could read, browse, and … Over the course of nearly six decades (1368–1435), Charles V’s Librairie du Louvre was the center of the Valois court, serving as a place where people could read, browse, and borrow its religious texts, scientific works, political treatises, and pieces of chivalric literature. However, the royal library’s dispersal and the destruction of the medieval Louvre palace in the early modern period, removed many traces of it as a physical space. Since the surviving evidence primarily consists of inventories listing the Librairie’s collection, most scholars describe it as a static collection of books. This article reconstructs the Librairie du Louvre using its contemporary inventories (dating from 1373 to 1423–1424) to demonstrate that the royal library was a significant part of the sociocultural landscape of the Valois court and that its spatial arrangement encouraged people to actively interact with its collection as readers, browsers, and borrowers. To supplement the inventories, I explore the Librairie’s spatial dynamics through models that I drew on my basketball court and designed in the video game, Minecraft, and through Adobe Dimension. The models, along with the inventories, reveal new information, challenge assumptions, and expand scholarly understandings of the royal library.
Abstract Between 1840 and 1870, the study of vision underwent a profound transformation, achieving a level of methodological and theoretical integration previously unattained. At the forefront of this turning point … Abstract Between 1840 and 1870, the study of vision underwent a profound transformation, achieving a level of methodological and theoretical integration previously unattained. At the forefront of this turning point was the polymath Hermann von Helmholtz. This paper examines Helmholtz’s role in the emergence of the new field of physiological optics, highlighting his laboratory experiments that integrated classical optics, physiology, and experimental psychology. As a case study, it illustrates an instrument of his invention, the phakoscope—a device designed to demonstrate the mechanism of accommodation of the crystalline lens—which became widely used in nineteenth-century physics, physiology, and experimental psychology courses. Following an introduction of the instrument and its educational applications, the study unveils crucial insights into the operational method and limitations of the original configuration through a reenactment of Helmholtz’s observations using one of the last surviving original devices, preserved at the Deutsches Museum, Munich.
Aterino Aterini (1921-2022) after his master's studies and some years spent as an elementary school teacher, he graduated from the art high school and obtained a degree in architecture in … Aterino Aterini (1921-2022) after his master's studies and some years spent as an elementary school teacher, he graduated from the art high school and obtained a degree in architecture in Florence. He joined Nello Baroni's studio and carried out an intense professional activity. In 1958 he became a professor at the University of Florence obtaining the chair of descriptive geometry, reaching retirement in 1991. From the beginning of his academic career he worked to make accessible to architects a subject that until then was considered the prerogative of mathematicians. He carried out original research in the field of projective geometry, in particular on homologies, seeking the biunivocal correspondence between real objects and their representation, defining basic concepts that still today regulate drawing as well as the survey of architecture. A scholar of architectural space and its representation, he solves for the first time the metric and perpendicularity problems in the axonometric method, which gave rise to the publication "Perpendicularity in axonometry", an important work that has brought a new piece to the study of Axonometry. This is followed by ‘Metric problems in Axonometry’. His research also focuses on the geometric construction of architectural structures, in this sense he addresses the relationships between Geometry and Structures, a theme to which he dedicates himself with passion and continues with the study of specific problems of the Geometry of Reticular Domes, exemplified in the monograph "On the geometry of reticular domes". In his work he has always privileged and explored the theme of possible interactions between the rigor of the discipline itself and the more general experiences in the field of architecture.
The purpose of the study. The article examines transformed art forms using the example of painting. The theoretical basis. The doctrine of systemic inversions in hierarchical systems is used as … The purpose of the study. The article examines transformed art forms using the example of painting. The theoretical basis. The doctrine of systemic inversions in hierarchical systems is used as a theoretical basis. The novelty. In this study, the hierarchical system of art functions is considered for the first time. Transformed art forms are presented as the result of systemic inversions in this hierarchy. The main conclusions. It is shown that a systemic inversion occurs when there is a contradiction between organizational principles that determine the order of placement of subordinate elements in the hierarchy. The transformed form of the system arises when some lower element acquires a dominant value in the system and finally moves to the highest position in it, displacing the remaining elements of the system. The system of functions of art is considered, the sources of inversions in this system are shown. Possible practical application of the results. A transformed art form arises when some initially subordinate function of a work of art comes to the fore, while the action of other functions is practically abolished. For example, the individualizing function of a work of art may take a dominant position, while other important functions (for example, the aesthetic function) cease to manifest themselves.
Статья посвящена изучению профессионального становления профессора Академии художеств, реставратора Императорской Археологической комиссии, академика архитектуры Петра Петровича Покрышкина (1870–1922). Проведенное исследование подчеркивает важность его ранних научных интересов, сыгравших значительную роль в … Статья посвящена изучению профессионального становления профессора Академии художеств, реставратора Императорской Археологической комиссии, академика архитектуры Петра Петровича Покрышкина (1870–1922). Проведенное исследование подчеркивает важность его ранних научных интересов, сыгравших значительную роль в становлении П. П. Покрышкина как ведущего архитектора- реставратора России. О сновными методами исследования являются документальный анализ, базирующийся на изучении архивных документов, хронологический и ретроспективный методы. С опорой на эти методы проведена историческая реконструкция процесса обучения П. П. Покрышкина в Иркутском техническом у чилище и в Академии художеств с акцентом на формирование его профессиональных навыков и художественного вкуса, а также интереса к церковной архитектуре и реставрации памятников культурного наследия. Автор выявляет ключевые факторы, которые определили научные интересы Покрышкина: семейное воспитание, влияние среды обучения, формирование интереса к реставрации в зарубежных поездках, и приходит к выводу: формирование личности П. П. Покрышкина было продуктивным сочетанием его врожденного таланта, стремления к знаниям и усердной работы. Комплексное художественно- историческое и техническое образование позволило П. П. Покрышкину стать универсальным специалистом в области охраны историкокультурного наследия и музейного дела; полученные знания послужили основой для его научных исследований и творческих достижений, открыли перед ним широкие перспективы для карьеры на государственной службе. The article presents the study of professional development of Petr Petrovich Pokryshkin (1870–1922), Academician of Architecture, professor, r estoration expert of the Imperial Archaeological Commission. The research makes a valuable contribution to the study of the master’s biography, emphasizing the importance of his early scientific interests that later played a significant role in the development of P. P. Pokryshkin as the leading a rchitect and expert in c onservation and restoration of the cultural heritage in Russia. The main research methods include documentary analysis based on the study of archival documents, along with chronological and retrospective methods. Based on t hese methods, a historical reconstruction of the educational period in the life of P. P. Pokryshkin at Irkutsk Technical College and then at the Imperial Academy of Arts was done, with emphasis on the formation of his professio nal skills, artistic taste and enthusiasm for church architecture and restoration of t he cultural h eritage monuments. The key factors that determined Pokryshkin’s scientific interests have been identified, including family upbringing, influence of the educational environment, development of his passion for conservation and restoration work during his trips to foreign countries. This leads to the conclusion that the P. P. Pokryshkin’s personality formed as a productive combination of his innate talent, pursuit of knowledge and diligent work. His comprehensive artistic, historical and technical education allowed P. P. Pokryshkin to become a versatile specialist in the field of protection of historical and cultural heritage and museum work. His background was the basis for his future scientific research and many creative achievements, opening up broad prospects for his career in public service.
The study is devoted to the specifics of ornament in the context of architecture and at the same time it clarifies one of the challenges of the 20th century architecture … The study is devoted to the specifics of ornament in the context of architecture and at the same time it clarifies one of the challenges of the 20th century architecture — the rejection of ornament, which was manifested by the American architect L. Sullivan and the Austrian modernist A. Loos, who became key participants in the trend for the rejection of ornament in modern architecture. The article investigates the theoretical premises of the rejection and clarifies the formative specifics of ornament considering conceptual approaches in the theory and practice of architecture. As a result of the study, it was found that the classical subjectivity of ornament was naturally transformed into a conceptual spatial structure, as evidenced by the verbal statements and texts of the architects. Based on this, the phenomenon of ornament appears in a different light — the conceptual one. Based on the analysis of the facts of texts, a conclusion is drawn about the renewal of the function of ornament in the architecture of the 20th century.
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This text examines the methodological development used to explore a field that remains under-researched in the 21st century: Latin American architectural theories. Addressing this topic is essential, given the vast … This text examines the methodological development used to explore a field that remains under-researched in the 21st century: Latin American architectural theories. Addressing this topic is essential, given the vast array of dissemination materials and the thematic, contextual, and ideological differences that characterize them. To address this, we outline the transition from a traditional qualitative research approach to the development of an artificial intelligence model. This process includes an explanation of the analytical framework—comprising seven approaches—the selection of academic journals as primary sources, and the validation of both through a natural language processing model.
Yanpei Huang | International Journal of Education and Humanities
William Faulkner is a representative writer of the American modernist writer of the twentieth century, and the setting of his novels is the American southern society after the Civil War … William Faulkner is a representative writer of the American modernist writer of the twentieth century, and the setting of his novels is the American southern society after the Civil War when the society was undergoing radical change. Telling stories of the vicissitude of the aristocratic families, his novels have vividly reflected the alteration of power and tortuous development in the South at that time. This thesis mainly analyzes the gaze of major characters in Faulkner’s three short stories to enhance readers’ comprehension of power and gaze.This thesis concludes that the gaze in Faulkner’s works is the gaze under the power system of the American southern society, reflecting the social environment and power distribution at that time. By applying Foucault’s gaze theory, the thesis offers a new perspective to appreciate the gaze in Faulkner’s works.
Reseña del libro: Fernando Zaparaín. Savoye as built. Análisis proyectual de la planimetría, estructura, detalles e instalaciones. Prólogo de Juan Calatrava. Universidad de Valladolid, 2024ISBN: 978-84-1320-283-9 Reseña del libro: Fernando Zaparaín. Savoye as built. Análisis proyectual de la planimetría, estructura, detalles e instalaciones. Prólogo de Juan Calatrava. Universidad de Valladolid, 2024ISBN: 978-84-1320-283-9
Abstract As with every building involving architectural orders, corner solutions are closely related, in Palladio’s work, to the rapport between the orders and the overall building and, in the case … Abstract As with every building involving architectural orders, corner solutions are closely related, in Palladio’s work, to the rapport between the orders and the overall building and, in the case of orders engaged to the wall, to the intense dialectic between walls and columns. Through the analysis conducted on a series of projects and realisations, containing significant passages of Palladio’s research around these themes, the study returns a path that winds its way from one project to the next with continuous reworkings and completely personal inventions. Possible links and derivations from ancient and modern models, mainly from the Roman ambit, are also highlighted and discussed, with attention to the ways in which the different sources are used in design, up to the achievement of innovative formal outcomes.
Abstract Gravitational collapse and bubble evolution in the asymptotic Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) Universe is an intriguing and intricate problem. We systematically analyze the dynamics of contact Schwarzschild-FLRW (McVittie) spacetimes, focusing on … Abstract Gravitational collapse and bubble evolution in the asymptotic Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) Universe is an intriguing and intricate problem. We systematically analyze the dynamics of contact Schwarzschild-FLRW (McVittie) spacetimes, focusing on their general junction conditions and introducing a novel function to simplify the extrinsic curvature and surface stress-energy tensor. Both static and dynamic scenarios are explored, including special cases such as Schwarzschild, FLRW, and Einstein-Straus configurations using our general framework. Numerical calculations further investigate the evolution of concentric McVittie spacetimes under various initial conditions, incorporating $\Lambda$-CDM cosmological models to better reflect realistic cosmic backgrounds. These results offer deep insights into the interplay between the McVittie mass parameter, initial peculiar velocity, and the influence of dark energy, providing a unified perspective for understanding gravitational collapse and bubble evolution in cosmology and astrophysics.
Abstract Richard Neutra’s corner windows are primarily determined by three factors: the structural system, the appearance of the facades, and the view from the inside to the outside. This paper … Abstract Richard Neutra’s corner windows are primarily determined by three factors: the structural system, the appearance of the facades, and the view from the inside to the outside. This paper analyzes their evolution step by step. The main elements that characterize his corners include: plastically articulated bands of windows drawn around the corner, initially following the example of Erich Mendelsohn and then interpreted more freely; wall panels and ceiling slabs that do not meet at the corners to make it clear that the building is not based on a box; a structural system of slender columns integrated into the façade, whose spacing is first determined by standard steel casements and then made more flexible by the introduction of large fixed glass panels; various structures that replace corner supports with mitered glass corners, especially the so-called spiderleg.
Abstract Der Beitrag stellt die diversen Arten der Gestaltung von Wänden und Gewölben an den verschiedenen Ausprägungen von inneren Ecken zusammen und schließt aus den Übereinstimmungen zwischen ihnen auf die … Abstract Der Beitrag stellt die diversen Arten der Gestaltung von Wänden und Gewölben an den verschiedenen Ausprägungen von inneren Ecken zusammen und schließt aus den Übereinstimmungen zwischen ihnen auf die unausgesprochenen Richtlinien, denen sie folgten. Die strenge Regelmäßigkeit, die sich abzeichnet, wird darauf bezogen, dass die Architektur in der Renaissance als Wissenschaft angesehen werden sollte. Fortlaufende Vergleiche zeigen, dass die Systematik der Gestaltung ebenso wie diejenige der Architekturtheorie nicht von der Antike abgeleitet, sondern eher ein Erbe der Gotik war, obwohl die Elemente der Gliederung, die Säulenordnungen, aus der Antike stammten und die Gliederung auf die Wände statt wie in der Gotik auf den Raum ausgerichtet wurde. Die Sforza-Kapelle wird besonders herausgestellt, weil Michelangelo hier ähnlich wie in den gleichzeitigen Entwürfen für S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini mit den üblichen Regeln brach, indem er die Gliederung auf den Raum ausrichtete und sie zudem auf die visuelle Wirkung abstimmte.
The Victoria and Albert Museum’s exhibition Donatello: Sculpting the Renaissance (11 February–11 June 2023) was held in the museum’s largest exhibition space, the Sainsbury Gallery. Taking the Brunelleschian architecture and … The Victoria and Albert Museum’s exhibition Donatello: Sculpting the Renaissance (11 February–11 June 2023) was held in the museum’s largest exhibition space, the Sainsbury Gallery. Taking the Brunelleschian architecture and urban fabric of the city of Florence as the principal sources of inspiration, the design team created spacious viewing environments that subtly distinguished between individual sections of the exhibition while maintaining open vistas through the gallery. Lighting the breadth of Donatello’s work was a particular challenge, as was maintaining minimal supporting architecture that could nonetheless accommodate monumental works. The simultaneously open and intimate viewing environments achieved by the design were highlighted by viewers and critics alike as being particularly successful. In January 2025 lead designer Sam Brown and lead curator Peta Motture, in conversation with Whitney Kerr-Lewis, co-curator of the exhibition, and Rachel Boyd, Motture’s successor as senior curator of Renaissance sculpture at the V&A, reflected on their experience working on the design of Donatello .
During the nineteenth century, Paris became the most important centre outside Italy for the Italian Renaissance sculpture market, as demonstrated by printed and manuscript sources. From the second decade of … During the nineteenth century, Paris became the most important centre outside Italy for the Italian Renaissance sculpture market, as demonstrated by printed and manuscript sources. From the second decade of the century, works attributed to Donatello or Luca della Robbia began to circulate in some French private collections; the movement grew, quantitatively as well as qualitatively, in the 1840s. But French museums, first and foremost the Louvre, while acquiring some – admittedly minor – works by the della Robbia family early on, began only much later to build up a collection of Italian sculpture in a systematic manner. This article analyses the reasons for these different approaches to collecting. Among the causes, apart from the lack of adequate funding and the cultural choices of the curators, was the desire to promote the history of French sculpture, fuelled by a particular nationalist rhetoric. To understand the significant changes that occurred from the 1860s, international circumstances must be taken into account. Competition with the sculpture collection of the South Kensington Museum, built up by John Charles Robinson, and a desire to curb the dispersion of French private collections to foreign countries led to increasing criticism of the unwillingness to build a representative collection of early Italian Renaissance sculpture at the Louvre.
The article presents a comprehensive approach to the conservation of the avant-corps with the winter garden of Karol Poznański’s palace in Lodz, a building of symbolic importance for the city. … The article presents a comprehensive approach to the conservation of the avant-corps with the winter garden of Karol Poznański’s palace in Lodz, a building of symbolic importance for the city. Based on historical analysis, in situ and laboratory tests and consultations with the “Marciniak & Witasiak Architekci” studio, the condition of the avant-corps before the renovation was determined and the causes of degradation were identified. The analysis of the composition of mortars and polychromes, carried out by Elżbieta Orłowska, M.A., allowed for reconstructing the original appearance. A revalorization strategy combining conservative methods with innovative solutions, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the conservation of objects of high historical and cultural value, is described.