Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science

China's Ethnic Minorities and Relations

Works Count: 50413

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This cluster of papers explores the complex dynamics of ethnic relations, bilingual education, cultural identity, and separatism in China's autonomous regions of Xinjiang and Tibet. It delves into issues such as the exclusion of Uyghurs, language policies for ethnic minorities, economic development, and the challenges of integrating different ethnic groups within the Chinese state.

Keywords

Xinjiang; Uyghur; Tibet; Bilingual Education; Ethnic Minority; Han Chinese; Cultural Identity; Language Policy; Separatism; Nationalism

The China model: political meritocracy and the limits of democracy

2015-10-20

Daniel A. Bell

Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Is Democracy the Least Bad Political System? 14 Chapter 2 On the Selection of Good Leaders in a Political Meritocracy 63 Chapter 3 What's … Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Is Democracy the Least Bad Political System? 14 Chapter 2 On the Selection of Good Leaders in a Political Meritocracy 63 Chapter 3 What's Wrong with Political Meritocracy 110 Chapter 4 Three Models of Democratic Meritocracy 151 Concluding Thoughts: Realizing the China Model 179 Notes 199 Selected Bibliography 283 Index 307

Coming to Terms with the Nation

2019-07-11

Thomas S. Mullaney

List of Illustrations List of Tables Foreword Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Identity Crisis in Postimperial China 2. Ethnicity as Language 3. Plausible Communities 4. The Consent of the Categorized 5. Counting … List of Illustrations List of Tables Foreword Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Identity Crisis in Postimperial China 2. Ethnicity as Language 3. Plausible Communities 4. The Consent of the Categorized 5. Counting to Fifty-Six Conclusion: A History of the Future Appendix A: Ethnotaxonomy of Yunnan, 1951, According to the Yunnan Nationalities Affairs Commission Appendix B: Ethnotaxonomy of Yunnan, 1953, According to the Yunnan Nationalities Affairs Commission Appendix C: Minzu Entries, 1953--1954 Census, by Population Appendix D: Classification Squads, Phases One and Two Appendix E: Population Sizes of Groups Researched during Phase One and Phase Two Notes Character Glossary Bibliography Index

Eurasian crossroads: a history of Xinjiang

2008-02-01

James A. Millward

Xinjiang, the vast northwestern region comprising one sixth of the PRC today, borders on India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakstan, Russia and Mongolia. Since antiquity it has stood at the … Xinjiang, the vast northwestern region comprising one sixth of the PRC today, borders on India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakstan, Russia and Mongolia. Since antiquity it has stood at the crossroads between China, India, the Mediterranean and Russia. In recent decades its historic silk road linkages have grown increasingly global, with issues of energy, development, separatism and terrorism bringing the region into the news. James Millward draws on primary sources and scholarly research in several European and Asian languages to provide the first general account in English of the history of Xinjiang and its peoples from earliest times to the present. He discusses Xinjiang's world historical role as a commercial entrepot and cultural conduit by which Buddhism, Christianity and Islam entered China and its interactions with Tibetan, Mongol and other Inner Asian empires as well as with Chinese dynasties. Crossswords of Eurasia also examines the competing Chinese and Turkic nationalist visions of the region's status in modern times and the recurring dissent and rapid development under the PRC. Within the broad perspective of this book it emerges that the factors underlying historical change in the region - its natural environment and geography, its physical location at the overlap of cultural realms and its legacy of ethno-linguistic diversity - remain as relevant to Xinjiang's future as to its past.

Dislocating China: Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects

2006-05-25

Gardner Bovingdon

Dislocating China: Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects . Dru C. Gladney. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. 414 pp. Dislocating China: Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects . Dru C. Gladney. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. 414 pp.

The discourse of race in modern China

2016-07-19

Frank Dikötter

This is the first systematic analysis of racial prejudice in China, a complex and sensitive subject that has been almost completely ignored by Chinese and Western scholars. This is the first systematic analysis of racial prejudice in China, a complex and sensitive subject that has been almost completely ignored by Chinese and Western scholars.

A State-Led Nationalism: The Patriotic Education Campaign in Post-Tiananmen China

1998-09-01

Suisheng Zhao

Staged Development in Xinjiang

2004-06-01

Nicolas Becquelin

At the turn of the century, the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region moved from a phase of accelerated integration by the centre, which typified the decade of the 1990s, to a … At the turn of the century, the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region moved from a phase of accelerated integration by the centre, which typified the decade of the 1990s, to a phase of consolidation of the advances made during this period. The intertwined dimensions of state building and nation building embedded in the campaign to Open Up the West respond to the long-term strategic goal of placating the threat of ethno-nationalist unrest. This “staged development” of Xinjiang reflects in essence a classic process of peripheral territorial integration by the central state. Yet, the dynamics of penetration and resistance between the centre and what still remains an indigenous periphery can be expected to generate at the same time both increased sinicization and increased ethno-national unrest.

Curriculum reform and ‘Quality Education’ in China: An overview

2008-09-17

Belinda Dello-Iacovo

China's Forty Millions: Minority Nationalities and National Integration in the People's Republic of China.

1979-01-01

James A. Beaudry , June Teufel Dreyer

Lineage Organization in Southeastern China.

1959-06-01

G. William Skinner , Maurice Freedman

This essay is the work of a social anthropologist but it is not based upon field work. It is concerned with Chinese matters but it is not written by a … This essay is the work of a social anthropologist but it is not based upon field work. It is concerned with Chinese matters but it is not written by a sinologue. In this essay are the author’s reflections on certain aspects of southeastern Chinese society during the last hundred and fifty years, with attention on the Fukien and Kwangtung region of China has it has specialized not only in large-scale unilineal organization but also in sending people overseas.

Learning from migrant education: A case study of the schooling of rural migrant children in Beijing

2009-05-14

Charlotte Goodburn

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Talk Never Dies: The Language of Huli Disputes.

1985-09-01

Donald Brenneis , Laurence Goldman

Xinjiang in the Nineties

2000-07-01

Nicolas Becquelin

Regime Insecurity and International Cooperation: Explaining China's Compromises in Territorial Disputes

2005-10-01

M. Taylor Fravel

Since the 1995-96 Taiwan Strait crisis, scholars and policymakers have become increasingly concerned about China's territorial ambitions. Yet China has also used peaceful means to manage conficts, settling seventeen of … Since the 1995-96 Taiwan Strait crisis, scholars and policymakers have become increasingly concerned about China's territorial ambitions. Yet China has also used peaceful means to manage conficts, settling seventeen of its twenty-three territorial disputes, often with substantial compromises. This article develops a counterintuitive argument about the effects of domestic confict on foreign policy to explain China's behavior. Contrary to the diversionary war hypothesis, this argument posits that state leaders are more likely to compromise in territorial disputes when confronting internal threats to regime security, including rebellions and legitimacy crises. Regime insecurity best explains China's pattern of compromise and delay in its territorial disputes. China's leaders have compromised when faced with internal threats to regime security, including the revolt in Tibet, the instability following the Great Leap Forward, the legitimacy crisis after the Tiananmen upheaval, and separatist violence in Xinjiang.

Xinjiang: China's Muslim borderland

2004-11-01

S. Frederick Starr

List of Tables and Illustrative Materials List of Acronyms Note on Transliteration 1. Introduction S. Frederick Starr Part I. Historical Background 2. Political and Cultural History of the Xinjiang Region … List of Tables and Illustrative Materials List of Acronyms Note on Transliteration 1. Introduction S. Frederick Starr Part I. Historical Background 2. Political and Cultural History of the Xinjiang Region Through the Late 19th Century James A. Millward and Peter C. Perdue 3. Political History and Strategies of Control, 1884-1978 James A. Millward and Nabijan Tursun Part II. Chinese Policy Today 4. The Chinese Program of Development and Control, 1978-2001 Dru C. Gladney 5. The Great Wall of Steel: Military and Strategy in Xinjiang Yitzhak Shichor Part III. Xinjiang from Within 6. The Economy of Xinjiang Calla Wiemer 7. Education and Social Mobility Among Minority Populations in Xinjiang. Linda Benson 8. A Land of Borderlands: Implications of Xinjiang's Trans-Border Interactions Sean R. Roberts Part IV. Costs of Control and Development 9. The Demography of Xinjiang Stanley W. Toops 10. The Ecology of Xinjiang: A Focus on Water Stanley W. Toops 11. Public Health and Social Pathologies in Xinjiang Jay Dautcher Part V. The Indigenous Response

Muslim Chinese: ethnic nationalism in the People's Republic

1992-03-01

Dru C. Gladney

Part 1 Muslim nationalism in China - a fourth tide: Qing Zhen - expressions of Hui identity state power and the evolution of an ethnonym the problem - who are … Part 1 Muslim nationalism in China - a fourth tide: Qing Zhen - expressions of Hui identity state power and the evolution of an ethnonym the problem - who are the Hui? sociocultural diversity among the Hui three tides of Islam in China the fourth tide - ethnic nationalism in an age of nation-states. Part 2 Ethnographic research and the Chinese state: theoretical perspectives on Hui identity the rise of the nation-state and the invention of ethnicity Han nationalism and the creation of in China derivative discourses and Chinese traditional nationalism the ethnogenesis of the Hui - from Muslim to minority nationality the research - in search of the Hui the unity and diversity of Hui identity - four communities in flux. Part 3 Ethnoreligious resurgence in a northwestern Sufi community: a fundamentalist revivial in Na homestead? the rerooting of identity in Na homestead ethnoreligious roots the socioeconomic context local government policies and Na national identity truth within purity - expressions of Na identity. Part 4 Ethnic identity in Oxen Street - the urban experience: making Hui in the city - the urban problem Oxen street, an urban Hui enclave recurring texts in Oxen Street the socioeconomic context of Oxen Street Hui identity government policy and urban strategies the culture of purity - Hui identity in the city. Part 5 The other great wall - ethnic endogamy and exclusivity in a Hui autonomous village: ethnohistorical origins of a Hui autonomous village ethnic coherence and Changying identity Changying traditions of rural entrepreneurship ethnoreligious marriage traditions in Changying preserving purity through ethnic endogamy - ethnoreligious strategies and government policy in Changying. Part 6 Ethnic invention and state intervention in a southeastern lineage: no pigs for these ancestors - the memory of Muslim ancestry in Chendai the cultural basis for Chendai Hui identity socioeconomic factors in Chendai Hui identity ethnic identity and national policy - the Taiwanese Muslims public policy and ethnic revitalization in Chendai becoming ethnic in China purity within truth - Hui identity among southeastern lineages. Part 7 Conclusion - national identity in the Chinese nation-state: the people of the People's Republic - finally in the vanguard? the social life of labels objectified ethnonyms in the northwest the hardening of ethnonyms in the southwest sub-ethnic identities and the question of Han ethnicity the rise of united nationalities ethnic pluralism in Chinese society the dialectics of nationality policy and Hui identity ethnicity and nationalism in the People's Republic. Appendices: Hui Islamic orders in China a select glossary of Hui Islamic terms.

National Insecurities: Humiliation, Salvation, and Chinese Nationalism

2004-03-01

William A. Callahan

The line separating good from evil passes not through states, nor between political parties--but right through every human heart. --Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Use past to serve present. --Mao Zedong While I … The line separating good from evil passes not through states, nor between political parties--but right through every human heart. --Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Use past to serve present. --Mao Zedong While I was researching South China Sea disputes between China, Vietnam, and Philippines, I came upon an unlikely reference. In an otherwise hard-nosed analysis of issue, a noted Chinese expert cited a book called Atlas of Shame. This odd juxtaposition of security studies, territoriality, and emotion piqued my interest, and I asked a friend in Beijing to track down this curious book. Once I got a copy of Atlas of Century of National Humiliation in Modern China, correct title, I was fascinated by what seemed to be a unique feature of Communist Chinese historiography and identity: very deliberate celebration of a national insecurity. But more I looked for national humiliation discourse, more I found. Though they do not receive much attention in Western analysis, it turns out that there are textbooks, novels, museums, songs, and parks devoted to commemorating national humiliation in China. I continued looking for examples of such national insecurity in other countries. I found that such activities are not limited to some exotic political culture of the East. Humiliation is a common and recurring theme in domestic and international politics, being invoked far and wide in a diverse set of circumstances. Humiliation has thus joined guilt, victimhood, and apology as a topic of analytical interest in international studies. (1) With spread of popular media and growth of public opinion, such individual feelings have been nationalized: Guilt of Nations. (2) But this popular politics has not necessarily led to greater democracy or freedom. Rather, it has added another dimension to broad forms of governance that rely on culture and history for political and economic projects. Indeed, this nationalization of has accompanied a denationalization of industry and a liberalization of markets around globe. This article examines how humiliation has been an integral part of construction of Chinese nationalism. Public culture is analyzed to show how national humiliation is not deployed just in a predictably xenophobic way but also in a self-critical examination of Chineseness. By contrast, in her article following this one. Marie Thorsten (3) criticizes standard U.S. understanding of Japanese economic success as a parody. (4) Though Japanese state does periodically issue national images, they are not part of a narrative about postwar vengeance, about humiliation of vanquished or an economic Pearl Harbor. We find quite opposite: Japan's postwar consumer identity has not been directed from top down, through a rational state bureaucracy in a way imagined by others, particularly in United States, as warlike nationalism. On face of it, Thorsten and I disagree about political import of and humiliation. On one hand, Thorsten uses topic of shame to understand something else: how United States mis / understands Japanese economic success. On other hand, I use Chinese nationalism to argue that logic of humiliation itself needs to be probed. While Thorsten analyzes an international discourse of intercultural understanding and norms, I focus on a group of nationalist texts that is largely unknown outside China. Both of us examine how humiliation is used by political leaders and public culture to mobilize populations, but these populations are on opposite sides of dispute: I consider nativistic understandings of Chinese self, while Thorsten examines a U.S. othering of Japan. While I argue that humiliation can be generalized to explain a modular form of nationalism, Thorsten examines Japanese case as a peculiarity of U.S. identity politics. Indeed, while global media use to motivate United States to intervene in places like Bosnia, in China it is just such intervention--that is, foreign invasion--that is commemorated as national humiliation. …

On Ethnographic Authority

1983-01-01

James Clifford

Research Article| April 01 1983 On Ethnographic Authority James Clifford James Clifford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Representations (1983) 2: 118–146. https://doi.org/10.2307/2928386 … Research Article| April 01 1983 On Ethnographic Authority James Clifford James Clifford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Representations (1983) 2: 118–146. https://doi.org/10.2307/2928386 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation James Clifford; On Ethnographic Authority. Representations 1 April 1983; 2 118–146. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2928386 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRepresentations Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1983 Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China

2000-02-01

Shirin Akiner , Jonathan N. Lipman

List of MapsList of IllustrationsAcknowledgmentsPrefaceIntroduction: Purposes and Form of a Muslim History in ChinaThe Frontier Ground and Peoples of Northwest ChinaAcculturation and Accommodation: China's Muslims to the 17th CenturyConnections: Muslims … List of MapsList of IllustrationsAcknowledgmentsPrefaceIntroduction: Purposes and Form of a Muslim History in ChinaThe Frontier Ground and Peoples of Northwest ChinaAcculturation and Accommodation: China's Muslims to the 17th CenturyConnections: Muslims in the Early Qing, 1644-1781Strategies of Resistance: Integration by ViolenceStrategies of Integration: Muslims in New ChinaConclusion: Familiar StrangersChinese Character GlossaryBibliographyIndex

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International student migration and social stratification in China

2009-05-29

Biao Xiang , Wei Shen

Cultural Encounters on China's Ethnic Frontiers.

1996-01-01

Millie Creighton , Stevan Harrell

Maps1 Maps1

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China's New Nationalism: Pride, Politics, and Diplomacy

2005-03-01

Yan Sun

China's New Nationalism: Pride, Politics, and Diplomacy. By Peter Hays Gries. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. 224p. $24.95.Arguments in the West over the existence of a “China threat” frequently … China's New Nationalism: Pride, Politics, and Diplomacy. By Peter Hays Gries. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. 224p. $24.95.Arguments in the West over the existence of a “China threat” frequently atomize and even demonize China, as the author of the book points out at the beginning. Is Chinese nationalism benign or malign? The rise of Chinese nationalism in recent times has become an issue of great interest and importance to the world because of concerns over China's intentions as economic growth propels the country's ascendance onto the world stage. This timely account analyzes the sources and dimensions of the new nationalism, from what Peter Hays Gries calls the “rarely told Chinese side of the story” (p. 4). It is premised on a refreshing perspective that “to understand Chinese nationalism, we must listen to the Chinese” (p. 4). Gries's attempt to introduce Western scholars to the views of these new nationalists is an important contribution in itself, as so often mainstream views of Chinese nationalism in the West construe it as a tool to legitimize Communist Party rule. This book gets it right by taking Chinese nationalism seriously and treats it as a matter of genuine popular base and emotional content.

Ways of being ethnic in Southwest China

2002-11-01

Drawing on extensive fieldwork conducted in the 1980s and 1990s in southern Sichuan, this pathbreaking study examines the nature of ethnic consciousness and ethnic relations among local communities, focusing on … Drawing on extensive fieldwork conducted in the 1980s and 1990s in southern Sichuan, this pathbreaking study examines the nature of ethnic consciousness and ethnic relations among local communities, focusing on the Nuosu (classified as Yi by the Chinese government), Prmi, Naze, and Han. It argues that even within the same regional social system, ethnic identity is formulated, perceived, and promoted differently by different communities at different times. Ways of Being Ethnic in Southwest China exemplifies a model in which ethnic consciousness and ethnic relations consist of drawing boundaries between one's own group and others, crossing those boundaries, and promoting internal unity within a group. Leaders and members of ethnic groups use commonalties and differences in history, culture, and kinship to promote internal unity and to strengthen or cross external boundaries. Superimposed on the structure of competing and cooperating local groups is a state system of ethnic classification and administration; members and leaders of local groups incorporate this system into their own ethnic consciousness, co-opting or resisting it situationally. The heart of the book consists of detailed case studies of three Nuosu village communities, along with studies of Prmi and Naze communities, smaller groups such as the Yala and Nasu, and Han Chinese who live in minority areas. These are followed by a synthesis that compares different configurations of ethnic identity in different communities and discusses the implications of these examples for our understanding of ethnicity and for the near future of China. This lively description and analysis of the region's complex ethnic identities and relationships constitutes an original and important contribution to the study of ethnic identity. Ways of Being Ethnic in Southwest China will be of interest to social scientists concerned with issues of ethnicity and state-building.

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Fuck Chineseness: On the Ambiguities of Ethnicity as Culture as Identity

1996-01-01

Allen Chun

that its population constitutes one-quarter of humanity. Something so well entrenched demographically, territorially, politically, and historically should be anything but an uncertain entity. It is easy, thus, to identify something … that its population constitutes one-quarter of humanity. Something so well entrenched demographically, territorially, politically, and historically should be anything but an uncertain entity. It is easy, thus, to identify something called Chinese culture and society. Its political presence in the modern world system is incontestable, and the amount of intellectual discourse devoted to the study of continues to fill libraries. In short, there is much to suggest that the very idea of is an unambiguous or unquestionable entity. But what is so unambiguous about that makes it an unquestioned object of gazing? What is the nature of Chineseness, and who are the Chinese? Finally, who is really speaking here? Something called China unquestionably exists, but, more importantly, there is a multitude of expressions to denote different aspects of and Chineseness. While the Western term for appears to ac-

Topic, Pronoun, and Agreement in Chicheŵa

1987-12-01

Joan Bresnan , Sam Mchombo

The Discourse of Race in Modern China.

1993-03-01

C. Montgomery Broaded , Frank Dikötter

Sino-Tibetan: A conspectus

1975-03-01

F. K. Lehman , Paul K. Benedict

Sequence Analysis and Optimal Matching Techniques for Social Science Data

2004-01-01

HEATHER MACINDOE , Andrew Abbott

The Tibetic languages and their classification

2013-12-09

Nicolas Tournadre

The Far East In World Politics : A Study in Recent History

1937-07-01

G. E. Hubbard

The Far East in World Politics : A Study in Recent History Get access 107. The Far East in World Politics : A Study in Recent History. By G. F. … The Far East in World Politics : A Study in Recent History Get access 107. The Far East in World Politics : A Study in Recent History. By G. F. Hudson. 1937. ( Oxford University Press. 8vo. vi + 276 pp. 7s. 6d.) G. E. Hubbard G. E. Hubbard Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 16, Issue 4, July 1937, Pages 645–646, https://doi.org/10.2307/2602887 Published: 01 July 1937

The Discourse of Race in Modern China.

1993-09-01

Charles Stafford , Frank Dikoetter

Genome of Wild Mandarin and Domestication History of Mandarin

2018-06-06

Lun Wang , Fa He , Yue Huang +7 more

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‘Thoroughly reforming them towards a healthy heart attitude’: China’s political re-education campaign in Xinjiang

2018-09-05

Adrian Zenz

Since spring 2017, the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China has witnessed the emergence of an unprecedented re-education campaign. According to media and informant reports, untold thousands of Uyghurs and … Since spring 2017, the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China has witnessed the emergence of an unprecedented re-education campaign. According to media and informant reports, untold thousands of Uyghurs and other Muslims have been and are being detained in clandestine political re-education facilities, with major implications for society, local economies and ethnic relations. Considering that the Chinese state is currently denying the very existence of these facilities, this paper investigates publicly available evidence from official sources, including government websites, media reports and other Chinese internet sources. First, it briefly charts the history and present context of political re-education. Second, it looks at the recent evolution of re-education in Xinjiang in the context of ‘de-extremification’ work. Finally, it evaluates detailed empirical evidence pertaining to the present re-education drive. With Xinjiang as the ‘core hub’ of the Belt and Road Initiative, Beijing appears determined to pursue a definitive solution to the Uyghur question.

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Strong Borders, Secure Nation

2008-12-31

M. Taylor Fravel

As China emerges as an international economic and military power, the world waits to see how the nation will assert itself globally. Yet, as M. Taylor Fravel shows in Strong … As China emerges as an international economic and military power, the world waits to see how the nation will assert itself globally. Yet, as M. Taylor Fravel shows in Strong Borders, Secure Nation , concerns that China might be prone to violent conflict over territory are overstated. The first comprehensive study of China's territorial disputes, Strong Borders, Secure Nation contends that China over the past sixty years has been more likely to compromise in these conflicts with its Asian neighbors and less likely to use force than many scholars or analysts might expect. By developing theories of cooperation and escalation in territorial disputes, Fravel explains China's willingness to either compromise or use force. When faced with internal threats to regime security, especially ethnic rebellion, China has been willing to offer concessions in exchange for assistance that strengthens the state's control over its territory and people. By contrast, China has used force to halt or reverse decline in its bargaining power in disputes with its militarily most powerful neighbors or in disputes where it has controlled none of the land being contested. Drawing on a rich array of previously unexamined Chinese language sources, Strong Borders, Secure Nation offers a compelling account of China's foreign policy on one of the most volatile issues in international relations.

The Sino-Tibetan Languages

2016-12-08

Randy J. LaPolla

There are more native speakers of Sino-Tibetan languages than of any other language family in the world. Our records of these languages are among the oldest for any human language, … There are more native speakers of Sino-Tibetan languages than of any other language family in the world. Our records of these languages are among the oldest for any human language, and the amount of active research on them has multiplied in the last few decades. Now in its second edition and fully updated to include new research, The Sino-Tibetan Languages includes overview articles on individual languages, with an emphasis on the less commonly described languages, as well as descriptions and comments on the subgroups in which they occur. There are overviews of the whole family on genetic classification and language contact, syntax and morphology, and also on word order typology. There are also more detailed overview articles on the phonology, morphosyntax, and writing system of just the Sinitic side of the family. Supplementing these overviews are articles on Shanghainese, Cantonese and Mandarin dialects. Tibeto-Burman is reviewed by genetic or geographical sub-group, with overview articles on some of the major groups and areas, and there are also detailed descriptions of 41 individual Tibeto-Burman languages, written by world experts in the field. Designed for students and researchers of Asian languages, The Sino-Tibetan Languages is a detailed overview of the field. This book is invaluable to language students, experts requiring concise, but thorough, information on related languages, and researchers working in historical, typological and comparative linguistics.

Educational Strategies for the Transmission of Tibetan Folk Songs in Multicultural China

2025-06-22

Cai Rui-bin , Khomkrich Karin , Awirut Thotham | World Journal of Education

Tibetan folk songs, as vital components of China’s intangible cultural heritage, are under increasing threat from modernization, educational standardization, and cultural homogenization. This study investigates effective educational strategies for the … Tibetan folk songs, as vital components of China’s intangible cultural heritage, are under increasing threat from modernization, educational standardization, and cultural homogenization. This study investigates effective educational strategies for the transmission of Tibetan folk songs within the context of multicultural China. Conducted in six educational and cultural institutions across Qinghai and the Tibet Autonomous Region, the research employed a qualitative ethnographic methodology. Three key informants—a secondary school music educator, a university curriculum planner, and a community-based folk artist—were interviewed using semi-structured formats, supported by classroom observations and curriculum document analysis. Thematic coding was used to analyze data, with attention to cultural identity, teaching practices, and student engagement. The findings revealed three principal strategies that promote effective transmission: 1) integration into formal curricula with cultural contextualization, 2) community-based transmission through oral tradition and intergenerational learning, and 3) technology-enhanced learning via digital archives and multimedia platforms. Notably, the most impactful programs combined these approaches, leveraging formal education, community involvement, and digital tools to foster emotional connection and long-term retention. These results suggest that sustaining Tibetan folk songs in a multicultural education system requires hybrid strategies grounded in authenticity, participation, and innovation. The study recommends targeted teacher training, policy support, and investment in digital infrastructure to ensure the continued vitality of Tibetan musical traditions. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts and scalability across other minority groups in China.

LANGUAGE TRANSFER IN NON-ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS’ SPEAKING PERFORMANCE AT HUE UNIVERSITY

2025-06-21

Thi Thanh Van Tran , Pham Tran Thuy Anh Pham | HUE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

Based on the common reality of transferring word by word from Vietnamese to English of many B1 students in speaking skills, this research was carried out to analyze the cases … Based on the common reality of transferring word by word from Vietnamese to English of many B1 students in speaking skills, this research was carried out to analyze the cases of language transfer in speaking performance of B1 students in more details and grouped them into different categories. This research also aimed to explore their perceptions of language transfer. The participants of this research were 83 non-English major students of B1 level at Hue University. Two main research instruments were language transfer cases analysis and interview. The language transfer cases were taken from the recordings of 83 students. Besides, 6 students also participated into some interviews. The findings showed that 65% of the students transferred negatively from L1 to L2 in their speaking performance, which proved that this is a common phenomenon among B1 students. In addition, there were 158 cases of language transfer detected in students’ speaking performances and they were categorized into 3 main linguistic aspects namely Syntax, Lexis and Discourse. Among them, students found Syntax the most problematic. Preposition and to be were the two subcategories that witnessed the highest frequency of language transfer cases. The analysis of the detected language transfer cases demonstrated the contrasts and differences in many aspects between English and Vietnamese. Through the interview, it could be found that students were unaware of their negative transfer, there are 5 reasons why they transferred and they acknowledged both the benefits and drawbacks of language transfer. Lastly, there were some pedagogical implications to enhance the quality of speaking performance.

Film policy, sociolinguistic politics and Chinese-language film industries

2025-06-20

Ruby Cheung | Routledge eBooks

A Historical Review of Ethnic Interactions, Exchanges, and Integration in Xinjiang and Reflections on Paths Toward Comprehensive Embedding

2025-06-20

Xianjin Huang | Pacific International Journal

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee has strategically prioritized ethnic governance, systematically advancing the theoretical framework of "ethnic interaction, exchange, and integration." … Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee has strategically prioritized ethnic governance, systematically advancing the theoretical framework of "ethnic interaction, exchange, and integration." This study employs a tripartite analytical framework encompassing historical review, value connotation, and path exploration to systematically examine the value implications of ethnic integration in Xinjiang. Guided by the CPC's governance strategies for Xinjiang in the new era, this research proposes a multidimensional integration model spanning spatial, cultural, economic, social, and psychological dimensions. The theoretical contributions aim to enhance cultural identification among all ethnic groups and consolidate the consciousness of the Chinese national community, with the ultimate goal of ensuring long-term stability and harmonious development in the region.

Jeffrey Kotyk. Sino-Iranian and Sino-Arabian Relations in Late Antiquity: China and the Parthians, Sasanians, and Arabs in the First Millennium

2025-06-18

Muammer İskenderoğlu | İran Çalışmaları Dergisi

Günümüz dünyasında değişik toplumların birbirleriyle ilişkilerini anlamak bu toplumların tarihsel ilişkilerini anlamaya bağlıdır. Her ne kadar bir süredir dünya düzeni Batı merkezli işliyorsa da yakın zamana kadar bu işleyiş çok … Günümüz dünyasında değişik toplumların birbirleriyle ilişkilerini anlamak bu toplumların tarihsel ilişkilerini anlamaya bağlıdır. Her ne kadar bir süredir dünya düzeni Batı merkezli işliyorsa da yakın zamana kadar bu işleyiş çok farklıydı ve pek yakında da bu eski işleyişin tekrar başat konuma gelmesi muhtemeldir. Yükselen bir güç olarak Çin’in Kuşak ve Yol projesinin tarihi arka planını İpek Yolu bağlamında okunması önemlidir. Eski dünyanın doğusunda yer alan Çin’in tarih boyunca batıdaki toplumlarla ilişkileri ve onlar hakkındaki bilgileri kendi kaynaklarında günümüze kadar korunurken, değişik nedenlerle diğer toplumların kayıtlarının çoğu günümüze ulaşmamıştır. Bu açıdan Jeffrey Kotyk’ın bu eseri okuyucuya Çin kaynaklarının dil engeli nedeniyle kapalı kalmış İran ve Arap toplumları ile ilgili kayıtlarının kapılarını açıyor. Eserde yazar Çin’in İran coğrafyası ile en eski etkileşiminden başlayarak Abbasi hakimiyeti dönemi Arap ve İslam etkileşimine kadar uzun bir tarihsel süreçle ilgili Çin kaynaklarının tasvirini sunuyor.

Setting autonomy in changing borderland: study case of Kokang Chinese community in the Upper Shan State

2025-06-17

Abellia Anggi Wardani , Danny Widiatmo | Small Wars and Insurgencies

TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY NETWORKS AND UYGHUR RIGHTS IN THE REGIONAL CONTEXT OF TÜRKİYE

2025-06-17

Murat Sarıgözmen | Uluslararası Uygur Araştırmaları Dergisi

Uyghurs are making extensive efforts to inform the international community in order to draw attention to the systematic human rights violations in East Turkestan. However, the Chinese government’s oppressive control … Uyghurs are making extensive efforts to inform the international community in order to draw attention to the systematic human rights violations in East Turkestan. However, the Chinese government’s oppressive control mechanisms, intense censorship policies, and diplomatic pressures applied at the global level greatly limit these efforts. In order to overcome these obstacles, Uyghur activists adopt a decentralized, flexible, and security-focused organizational model; thus, they try to avoid direct intervention by China. Transnational advocacy networks (TANs) constitute both the theoretical and practical basis of this process. Turkey, in particular, provides a strategic platform for Uyghurs to make their voices heard by international organizations and the public, with its position as a bridge between the East and the West. This article aims to analyze the structure of Uyghur rights advocacy, the persistent obstacles it faces, and the strategic adaptation mechanisms it has developed against oppressive environmental conditions, based on the TANs framework. In this context, the study aims to make an original contribution to both international relations theory and human rights advocacy.

The Political Success of Mdo mkhar Zhabs drung During the Time of Political Unrest (1713–1762) in Central Tibet

2025-06-16

Thupten Kunga Chashab | Rocznik Orientalistyczny/Yearbook of Oriental Studies

Mdo mkhar Zhabs drung Tshe ring dbang rgyal is well known among modern Tibetologists thanks to two biographies authored by him: the biography of his chief Pho lha Bsod nams … Mdo mkhar Zhabs drung Tshe ring dbang rgyal is well known among modern Tibetologists thanks to two biographies authored by him: the biography of his chief Pho lha Bsod nams stobs rgyas alias Pho lha nas called Mi dbang rtogs brjod (The Biography of the Lord) and his own autobiography, called Bka’ blon rtogs brjod (the Biography of the Minister). At the beginning of the eighteenth century different political factions in Central Tibet, backed by Mongols and the Qing Manchu, continued their decades-long rivalry. Thus the political situation in the area was unstable and the livelihood of the ordinary people was far from satisfactory. Yet, surprisingly enough, Mdo mkhar Zhabs drung was able to maintain a political career regardless of the regime which came into power in Central Tibet. He was neither punished nor removed from his office as retribution for taking sides during the struggle of the various political factions. This article, by close study of his autobiography and related materials, will investigate the possible reasons for the author’s successful career other than those explained in his autobiography. In the year 1713, when Lha bzang khan came to power, he was an eighteen years old young man and held a Tibetan government post for the first time. In 1717, when the Dzungars held power, he continued to hold his district governor position. In 1720, when Qing Manchu army approached Lhasa under the guise of escorting the 7th Dalai Lama, and established the first Amban office in Lhasa, he was able to maintain the government job as an accountant even though the power dynamic had shifted. In the end of 1720s, when the rivalry between Gtsang and Dbus political factions was at its height, he joined the military campaign of Dbus lead by three bka’ blon [minister] against Gtsang pa political faction led by Pho lha nas. The conflict between the two ended with the victory of Pho lha nas of Gtsang who subsequently held power in Lhasa. Mdo mkhar Zhabs drung, despite his allegiance to the opposition party, was not sentenced for his earlier behaviour and was instead assigned to the post of bka’ blon in 1729.

Privately Run Migrant Schools in China

2025-06-16

Yao Wang , Sara Ganassin | Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education

The migration of rural labor to urban areas has been a driving force behind China’s spectacular economic growth and rapid urbanization in recent four decades. Mirroring the global trend of … The migration of rural labor to urban areas has been a driving force behind China’s spectacular economic growth and rapid urbanization in recent four decades. Mirroring the global trend of urbanization, nearly 64% of China’s 1.4 billion citizens now reside in cities, compared with 20% in the 1980s. However, only 45.4% of city dwellers have an urban household registration (<italic>hukou</italic>), leaving over 170 million people “floating” in cities without either urban or local hukou status, commonly known as rural-to-urban migrants in the Chinese context. Among this migrant population, 14.3 million are school-aged migrant children. Nearly 15% of these migrant children have been unable to enroll in state schools due to the limited capacity of state schools and their nonresident status in receiving cities. Consequently, privately run migrant schools (PMSs) have emerged and become established as the only form of education for these approximately two million internal migrant children in China’s fast-developing cities. In other words, these low-fee PMSs are migrant children’s alternative educational choice when state schools are unavailable and high-cost (or elite) private schools are unaffordable. To understand this phenomenon, it is helpful to explore the emergence and development of PMSs against the backdrop of China’s internal migration dynamics, labor market shifts, and disparities in class and socioeconomic status, as well as broader social structures. Although PMSs may appear as a distinct phenomenon within China’s migration landscape and urban–rural dichotomy, schools with comparable characteristics—charging low tuition fees, primarily serving the educational needs of migrant children, and being community-oriented—are prevalent globally. Comparing Chinese PMSs with analogous schools and exploring the education of migrants globally may help to unravel the unique features of PMSs and shed light on the international implications of PMS research.

KAZAKHSTAN AND EAST TURKESTAN: INTERETHNIC INTERACTION FROM THE 19th TO THE 21st CENTURY (THROUGH THE LENS OF MATERIAL CULTURE)

2025-06-15

Risalat-Bibi Karimova , Halminyam Masimova , Uldanay Zhuzbayeva | Ķazaķstan šyġystanuy.

This study, presented in historical retrospect (from the late 19th to the 21st century), examines the interaction between the Uyghurs and the population of the Semirechye region of Kazakhstan. In … This study, presented in historical retrospect (from the late 19th to the 21st century), examines the interaction between the Uyghurs and the population of the Semirechye region of Kazakhstan. In the 19th century, Kazakhstan was part of the Russian Empire, while East Turkestan belonged to Qing China (Xinjiang). Due to a number of objective historical factors, ethnocultural interaction between these regions was particularly close within the borders of present-day Almaty Region in the Republic of Kazakhstan (Semirechye) and the Ili area of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (PRC). Among these factors were the territorial proximity of the regions, which fostered close ethnocultural and economic ties, significant historical events, and the development of migration patterns that, from the 18th to the 20th centuries, led to the formation of ethnic diasporas in the areas under consideration. The aim of the study is to examine the transformation of traditional practices within a multiethnic environment, using material culture as a primary lens, and to identify the factors that have driven cultural change. The research draws upon field data collected during several ethnographic expeditions conducted across the Central Asian republics in the 1970s–1990s, as well as in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (PRC) between 1990 and 2007. The study of interethnic interaction was carried out primarily through the comparative method. The applied historical-comparative approach enabled the analysis of cultural development in historical retrospect, while comparative juxtaposition allowed for an exploration of this process in the contemporary context. The findings demonstrate that although the process of interethnic interaction evolved historically, it has become particularly pronounced under modern conditions. Intercultural exchange and mutual influence were most evident among urban populations, especially those that were dispersed and had largely lost their former ethnic cohesion. As part of the undertaken research, historical-comparative methods were tested, which made it possible to explicate the evolutionary trajectories of the phenomenon under study in temporal dynamics and cultural paradigms.

ETHNIC MIGRATIONS OF KAZAKHS TO THE TERRITORY OF EASTERN TURKESTAN (16TH – EARLY 1930S): HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ASPECT

2025-06-15

Ауезхан Шашаев , Sungat Bekentaev | Ķazaķstan šyġystanuy.

The article is devoted to the historiographic study of the issue of ethnic migrations of Kazakhs to the territory of East Turkestan. This problem has not been sufficiently studied in … The article is devoted to the historiographic study of the issue of ethnic migrations of Kazakhs to the territory of East Turkestan. This problem has not been sufficiently studied in the existing scientific literature. The purpose of this article is to highlight the features of the study of ethnic migrations of Kazakhs to the designated territory in existing scientific publications. When writing the article, diachronic, textual methods, as well as the method of factor analysis were used, which allow achieving the stated goal. The authors come to the conclusion that in the existing scientific publications, the initial stage of the settlement of Kazakhs in the territory of East Turkestan, in particular, in the northern part of the modern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, dates back to the time of the end of the Dzungar Khanate - the second half of the 18th century. And this process continued in fact until the early 30s of the twentieth century. At the same time, historiography has practically not received exhaustive coverage of the processes of ethnic migrations of Kazakhs of the earlier «pre-Dzungar» time.

NATIONAL TRAGEDY AND BORDER RESETTLEMENT: KAZAKH MIGRATION TO XINJIANG IN THE 1930S

2025-06-15

Nursulu Dyussenova , Zhanymkhan Oshan | Ķazaķstan šyġystanuy.

The main purpose of the work is to study the historical events of the mass famine of 1931-1933 through the memories of eyewitnesses, their descendants and representatives of the Kazakh … The main purpose of the work is to study the historical events of the mass famine of 1931-1933 through the memories of eyewitnesses, their descendants and representatives of the Kazakh diaspora, as well as the introduction of new archival and oral data into the scientific turnover. Research methods - surveys and interviews, archival research, analysis of literary, critical and historical sources, digitalization and creation of a database, comparative analysis, as well as the study of works in Chinese languages. Scientific novelty lies in the inclusion of interviews with descendants of Kazakhs who moved to China during the famine of 1931-1933 and archival data. The analysis of Chinese archival documents - administrative papers, border control and migration reports - allows revealing the peculiarities of refugees' migration and their living conditions. Clarification of regional historical connections contributes to a comprehensive understanding of historical-ethnic and border relations between Kazakhstan and China. The use of Kazakh-language periodicals makes it possible to study public opinion and information space of the 1930s-1950s. Trans-international historical experience examines the life, cultural and religious preservation of Kazakhs who moved to China during the famine from the perspective of transnational historical processes. As a result of the study: new archival and oral data on the famine period are introduced into the scientific turnover; for the first time, memories of descendants of famine victims and historical evidence are used comprehensively; historical and ethnic ties between Kazakhstan and neighboring countries are supplemented with specific data.

Linguistic Hauntings at the Margins of China

2025-06-15

Gegentuul Baioud | Journal of Sociolinguistics

ABSTRACT This study examines emotional and material traces lingering in the aftermath of forced linguistic landscape transformations in Inner Mongolia following the implementation of a new assimilationist national language policy … ABSTRACT This study examines emotional and material traces lingering in the aftermath of forced linguistic landscape transformations in Inner Mongolia following the implementation of a new assimilationist national language policy in 2022. Drawing on ethnographic and linguistic landscape data, the study specifically examines how the multilingual signs that have undergone invisibilization or changes in their layouts are accompanied by marginalized senses and excluded voices—linguistic hauntings—in the multilingual Mongolian borderlands. In this study, linguistic hauntings are animated by Mongolian linguistic anxiety and conditioned by the Chinese state's intensified language oppression in transitioning from a multinational and multilingual state to a unified Chinese nation with one singular language. The article suggests that linguistic haunting is a powerful lens for analysing the interlinked political, affective and temporal dimensions in drastically reconfiguring landscapes. The study contributes to the sociolinguistics of the specters, borderlands multilingualism, nationalism and its linguistic entailments.

The Anti-Midas Touch: Protesting China’s Goldmining Ventures in Kyrgyzstan

2025-06-13

Adam Calkins | Central Asian Affairs

Abstract This study examines unrest carried out against Chinese-owned and -operated goldmines in Kyrgyzstan. It seeks to predict variations in frequency of this unrest. To this end, it compares these … Abstract This study examines unrest carried out against Chinese-owned and -operated goldmines in Kyrgyzstan. It seeks to predict variations in frequency of this unrest. To this end, it compares these mines on four metrics—(1) regional prosperity, (2) discontent over environmental impact, (3) discontent over hiring practices, and (4) state ownership—and establishes a correlation between each of these variables and unrest frequency. Discontent over environmental impact proves the strongest predictor, while discontent over hiring practices show somewhat less predictive power, with prosperity and state ownership displaying little to none, respectively. Finally, suggestions are offered for future research based on these findings.

Language Survival and Cultural Preservation: A Comparative Analysis of Hmong and Miao Communities

2025-06-13

D.M.W. van der Tang | Communications in Humanities Research

The rapid spread of globalization poses a growing threat to the survival of minority languages, which serve not only as tools for communication but as vessels of cultural identity, oral … The rapid spread of globalization poses a growing threat to the survival of minority languages, which serve not only as tools for communication but as vessels of cultural identity, oral history, and collective memory. This study focuses on the Hmong and Miaotwo ethnically and linguistically related groups originating from Asiato examine how language and culture are being preserved across two divergent contexts: the Hmong diaspora in the United States and the Miao population in China. Using data from sixty interviews, this research conducted a comparative analysis of language proficiency, cultural practices, and community efforts in both groups. Results reveal a common trend of language attrition among younger generations, driven by the dominance of national languagesEnglish and Mandarinin education, media, and public life. Nonetheless, many cultural traditions such as festivals, clothing, and cuisine remain resilient and widely practiced. Both communities have initiated preservation efforts through language programs, community events, and digital outreach, although access to resources is uneven, especially in rural Miao regions. The study highlights how socio political environments, generational attitudes, and access to education shape the trajectory of language and cultural maintenance. It also identifies promising strategies for revitalization, such as stronger institutional support and increased cultural visibility through social media. By comparing two groups with shared origins but differing experiences of migration and assimilation, this research offers valuable insights into the broader challenges and possibilities of preserving minority identities in an increasingly globalized world.

Central Asia’s Coverage in the Border Studies Literature: A Systematic Review of Fundamental Contributions to the Field

2025-06-13

Mélanie Sadozaï | Central Asian Affairs

Abstract This article assesses how the five Central Asian republics are covered in the field of English-language border studies. It features the social science literature which places one or multiple … Abstract This article assesses how the five Central Asian republics are covered in the field of English-language border studies. It features the social science literature which places one or multiple borders at the core of their study. I argue that the work on borders by scholars of Central Asia is not only well located in border studies debates but that it also contributes to renewing it. By reviewing 76 references of research works dealing with Central Asian borders, I contend that those are not peripheral examples of larger epistemological conversations of the field but an integral and legitimate part of it. This article is an attempt to establish a state of the art of borders in the region and could serve scholars interested in informing dominant concepts and theories of border studies or to position their own research in the existing literature.

Promoting Chinese National Community Formation: An Analysis of 'My Altay' Based on Douban Reviews

2025-06-13

Siye Yang | Communications in Humanities Research

My Altay is a unique Chinese television drama that focuses on the lives and cultures of ethnic minorities, particularly in Northern Xinjiang. Since its debut, the series has generated widespread … My Altay is a unique Chinese television drama that focuses on the lives and cultures of ethnic minorities, particularly in Northern Xinjiang. Since its debut, the series has generated widespread positive reactions, prompting an analysis of its success in transcending ethnic boundaries and appealing to a multicultural audience. This study employs methods such as web scraping, high-frequency word analysis, and sentiment analysis to examine online audience feedback and emotional responses. The results show that viewers are particularly captivated by the rich depiction of Northern Xinjiangs landscapes, the complexity of its characters, and the portrayal of local traditions. Overall, the dramas reception has been largely favorable, with the series facilitating a shared cultural space that fosters communication and integration between different ethnic groups. By blending universal themes of identity, belonging, and cross-cultural understanding with region-specific narratives, My Altay has created a platform for intercultural exchange and mutual respect.

The Research of Chinese Immigrants and Crime

2025-06-13

Zihao Zhang , Zhiyong Wu , Yuwei Sun +1 more | International Journal of Social Sciences and Public Administration

This study delves into the historical background of Chinese immigrants in the United States, crime issues, and the impact of socioeconomic factors on Chinese criminal behavior. The article first provides … This study delves into the historical background of Chinese immigrants in the United States, crime issues, and the impact of socioeconomic factors on Chinese criminal behavior. The article first provides an overview of American immigration and the history of Chinese immigration, then analyzes the general situation of crime problems in the 1850s, with a particular focus on Chinese criminal activities. In the literature review section, this paper thoroughly examines the scale of Chinese criminal activity, crimes targeting Chinese individuals, motives behind these crimes, and the social impacts they bring. Finally, through detailed factual statements, the article elaborates on the rise of Chinese labor migration, post-migration social integration, social discrimination and exclusion, and how these factors contribute to the emergence of criminal behavior.

Tibet through a Native Lens

2025-06-12

Prakash Kumar Sen | HIMALAYA

This essay attempts to foreground the question of native agency in the making of the photographic archive of Charles Alfred Bell, British Political Officer for Sikkim, Bhutan and Tibet. It … This essay attempts to foreground the question of native agency in the making of the photographic archive of Charles Alfred Bell, British Political Officer for Sikkim, Bhutan and Tibet. It seeks to approach a new hermeneutics of British imperial archive-making vis-á-vis Tibet by assessing not only how native agency variously informed the sacerdotal, epistemic and technical content of most of Bell’s photographic archive, but also how such agency was central to its very process of visual production. By examining the roles of Rabden Lepcha, Sonam Wangyal or Palhese and Kartick Chandra Pyne, apropos their contribution to Bell’s visual archive, the essay shows how British imperial knowledge-construction on Tibet deployed native agency, thereafter relegating them (mostly) to archival silence. In the process, the essay demonstrates how these silences were not merely accidental, but fundamental to the process of knowledge-production on Tibet.

Pan-Asianism and the legacy of the Chinese Revolution

2025-06-11

Nicola Spakowski | Asian Studies Review

Preface to An Overview of Dunhuang Studies: Past, Present, and Future

2025-06-09

Qi Sun | Journal of Chinese Humanities

Çin de Türk Dilleri ve Türk Dilleriyle İlişkili Dil ve Dil Çeşitlerine İlişkin Son Belgeler

2025-06-04

Abdurishid Yakup | Türk Dili Araştırmaları Yıllığı- Belleten

Bu makale, Prof. Dr. Lars Johanson'un ufuk açıcı kitabı Discoveries on the Turkic Linguistic Map'in (2001) yayımlanmasından bu yana Çinli ve başka ülkelerden akademisyenler tarafından Çin'de dil bilim alanına yapılan … Bu makale, Prof. Dr. Lars Johanson'un ufuk açıcı kitabı Discoveries on the Turkic Linguistic Map'in (2001) yayımlanmasından bu yana Çinli ve başka ülkelerden akademisyenler tarafından Çin'de dil bilim alanına yapılan en önemli katkıların bir incelemesini sunmaktadır. Yazının odak noktası, son yirmi beş yılda Çin'de yürütülen Türk dilleri ve onlarla ilişkili dillerin alan dil bilimsel araştırması ve dokümantasyonu olacaktır. Son otuz yılda Kuzeybatı Çin’de Türk dilleri ve varyantları üzerine yapılan dil bilimsel alan çalışmalarının sayısı göz önüne alındığında, bu alan çalışmalarına dayanan önemli bir bilimsel külliyatın olması şaşırtıcı değildir. Ancak buna rağmen, en önemli belgeleme çalışmalarını kapsayan bütüncül bir değerlendirme hâlâ eksiktir. Malzemenin çokluğu sebebiyle, bütün bu çalışmalara kapsamlı bir genel bakış sunmak mümkün değildir. Bu sebeple, bu çalışma kapsamlı bir literatür taraması sunmak yerine, yöntem ve sonuçları açısından seçilmiş proje ve yayınları öne çıkarmaktadır. Aşağıda, öncelikle “Çince Dil Kaynaklarını Koruma Projesi”ne kısa bir genel bakış sunacak ardından Salar, Cungar Tuvası ve Eynu ile ilgili bazı önemli belgeleme projelerine ve yayınlara kısa bir giriş yapacağım. Netice itibarıyla makale, Çin’deki Türk dilleriyle ilişkili önemli dil belgeleme çalışmalarından Türkologları haberdar etmektedir. Makalenin özgünlüğü de buradan, son yıllarda Çin’de yürütülen Türkoloji araştırmalarını bütüncül bir bakışla ele alan kapsamlı bir çalışma eksikliğini gidermesinden kaynaklanmaktadır.

A Brief Account of Minority Foreign Languages Education in Modern Yunnan

2025-05-31

Lin Che , SU Wen-ping , Hu Chun | Yixin Publisher

虽然近代云南的外语教育以英语和法语占据优势地位，但由于宗教、政治、经济、战争等原因，小语种教育也获得了一定发展，主要涉及拉丁语、日语、德语和东方语系。其中，拉丁语、阿拉伯语、巴利语的教育主要附属于宗教活动，很少向普通教育和社会教育延伸。而日语、德语等语种由于与派遣留学生、培养高层次专业人才密切相关，对近代云南产生了深远影响。抗战时期，云南的外语教育蓬勃发展，大师云集，英语、法语、小语种教育的层次和水平在国内处于领先地位，为中国和云南当地培养了一批精通外语的专业人才。虽然近代云南的外语教育以英语和法语占据优势地位，但由于宗教、政治、经济、战争等原因，小语种教育也获得了一定发展，主要涉及拉丁语、日语、德语和东方语系。其中，拉丁语、阿拉伯语、巴利语的教育主要附属于宗教活动，很少向普通教育和社会教育延伸。而日语、德语等语种由于与派遣留学生、培养高层次专业人才密切相关，对近代云南产生了深远影响。抗战时期，云南的外语教育蓬勃发展，大师云集，英语、法语、小语种教育的层次和水平在国内处于领先地位，为中国和云南当地培养了一批精通外语的专业人才。

The Practices and Narratives on Dombra Music Traditions of Kazakh People in the Altai Region, Northern Xinjiang

2025-05-30

Shan Zhang | ASIAN-EUROPEAN MUSIC RESEARCH JOURNAL

Kazakhs are to be found primarily in three regions of northern Xinjiang: Altai, Ili, and Tacheng. I chose Altai as my research area because it is still at the end … Kazakhs are to be found primarily in three regions of northern Xinjiang: Altai, Ili, and Tacheng. I chose Altai as my research area because it is still at the end of an era, passing from nomadic to sedentary societies, and most of the places are still in transition. Compared with musicians engaged in artistic work, Altai has more ordinary musical activities. At the same time, the purpose of music is still related to the customs of a nomadic society, and cultural traditions are more well preserved. I chose to use dombra performance as a starting point because this representative instrument of the Kazakh people is used up to now in a variety of musical events. The dombra can be an overarching red thread that connects various playing methods and thus sees the unity of music and regional musical habits.

Chinese Islam: models of interaction with state and society

2025-05-30

Jefry Anggara | Asian Ethnicity

Adaptation of chinese migrants in Russia and russians in China

2025-05-29

Antonina Ivanova | Материалы XV Всероссийской научно-технической конференции

Xinjiang as Part of the &quot;Russian World&quot; in 20th Century Ego-Documents

2025-05-29

Dmitry ASTAFYEV | Social Sciences

The classification of Xiong-zhou, Bai-shun dialects in northeastern Guangdong Province, China

2025-05-29

J. Mo | Journal of Chinese Literature

Research on Thai Translation Strategies about Liuzhou Intangible Cultural Heritage and International Influence under the Belt and Road Initiative

2025-05-28

Yinfei Wang , Yujie Huang , Zhilin Li +1 more | Deleted Journal

This paper focuses on the Thai translation strategies for Liuzhou’s intangible cultural heritage (ICH) international promotion and the enhancement of its international influence within the context of the Belt and … This paper focuses on the Thai translation strategies for Liuzhou’s intangible cultural heritage (ICH) international promotion and the enhancement of its international influence within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative. Through the integrated application of theories from translation studies, communication studies and other disciplines, this research thoroughly analyzes the opportunities and challenges facing Liuzhou’s ICH international promotion. The study establishes a systematic approach to Thai translation strategies combining transliteration with free translation, cultural compensation and pragmatic equivalence, while also proposing pathways for enhancing international influence. Research findings indicate that the Belt and Road Initiative has provided policy support, expanded exchange platforms and increased market demand for Liuzhou’s ICH international promotion, although development remains constrained by Thai-Chinese cultural differences and translation difficulties. Based on case analysis and empirical data, the research demonstrates that existing translation strategies effectively preserve cultural characteristics, convey cultural implications and achieve communicative purposes. The proposed pathways for enhancing international influence include strengthening cultural exchange and cooperation, expanding promotional channels and reinforcing brand building, which positively contribute to promoting Liuzhou’s ICH in Thailand and other countries along the Belt and Road routes.

WHAT AFFECTS REVISIT INTENTION AND WORD OF MOUTH AT INTERNATIONAL ETHNO-FEST? AN EXPERIENCE APPROACH IN KYRGYZSTAN

2025-05-28

Ümit Sormaz , Turan Okul , Т Н Мусаева +1 more | GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites

This study examines the key factors influencing revisit intentions (IR) and word-of-mouth (WOM) behaviors among tourism professionals attending international ethno-festivals in Kyrgyzstan, with a specific focus on the 2023 Bishkek … This study examines the key factors influencing revisit intentions (IR) and word-of-mouth (WOM) behaviors among tourism professionals attending international ethno-festivals in Kyrgyzstan, with a specific focus on the 2023 Bishkek EthnoFestival. While much of the existing literature focuses predominantly on visitor experiences, this study fills a notable gap by analyzing the perspectives of tourism operators and managers, who play a crucial role in ensuring the sustainability and longterm success of such events. In doing so, the research shifts attention to an often-overlooked stakeholder group whose experiences and perceptions are essential for the effective management and promotion of ethno-festivals. The study investigates how Festival Image (FI), Perceived Value (PV), and Festival Loyalty (FL) impact Festival Satisfaction (FS) and, subsequently, IR and WOM. Data were collected from tourism professionals attending the festival, and SPSS and AMOS were used to analyze both direct and indirect relationships between these key variables, ensuring a robust and comprehensive statistical validation of the proposed model. Findings indicate that FI and PV significantly enhance FS, which, in turn, strengthens loyalty (FL), increases the likelihood of revisits (IR), and encourages positive WOM behaviors. These results highlight the critical importance of effective festival branding, perceived quality, and visitor engagement strategies in fostering continued participation and favorable perceptions among industry professionals. Furthermore, the study reveals that the perceived authenticity and cultural richness of the festival play a mediating role in strengthening satisfaction and loyalty. The results emphasize that improving festival identity, perceived value, and visitor experiences can significantly contribute to the economic, social, and cultural sustainability of festival tourism. This research provides practical recommendations for event organizers, policymakers, and tourism businesses, ensuring that ethno-festivals serve not only as celebratory events but also as effective platforms for cultural exchange, economic development, and enhanced destination competitiveness in Kyrgyzstan and beyond. Overall, this study underscores the pivotal role of tourism professionals in the ecosystem of cultural festivals and highlights the strategic importance of their satisfaction and loyalty for the future viability of such events.

Vanishing Quotas: Tibetan Political Disenfranchisement in Xi Jinping’s New Era of Han-Centrism

2025-05-27

James Leibold , Devendra Kumar

Factors Influencing New Migrants’ Multilingual Identities in Guangzhou

2025-05-27

Shunmiao Li

ABSTRACT Facilitated by the cross‐regional mobility associated with globalization, the phenomenon of multilingualism has become increasingly prevalent. A significant portion of new migrants face the challenge of negotiating between their … ABSTRACT Facilitated by the cross‐regional mobility associated with globalization, the phenomenon of multilingualism has become increasingly prevalent. A significant portion of new migrants face the challenge of negotiating between their native languages and the languages of their new communities. However, there has been limited systematic exploration into the interplay of key variables influencing the multilingual identity construction of new migrants. The purpose of this study was to investigate how various factors influence the language identities of new migrants in Guangzhou, China. Employing multiple regression analysis ( N = 282), this study examines the impact of language and identity factors on the formation of multiple identities among new migrants. The result confirms that new migrants possess multiple language identities, which exhibit a mildly positive correlation and serve contextual functions, fulfilling distinct identity roles in varying circumstances. It also highlights that factors such as language behavior, language proficiency, personal identity, and local identity significantly influence language identity, with age, educational level, and duration in the new city impacting it to varying extents. Implications and suggestions for further enhancing the language identity and negotiation of new migrants are discussed.

Family photographs at the intersection of vernacular and official memories: Remembering Han migration to Xinjiang

2025-05-26

Jin Dai

This study investigates the photographic memory of governmental-led Han migration from central China to Xinjiang since the 1950s. Going beyond the state-driven official narrative of the Han people joining the … This study investigates the photographic memory of governmental-led Han migration from central China to Xinjiang since the 1950s. Going beyond the state-driven official narrative of the Han people joining the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) as ‘borderland constructors’ in the nation-building process, this study uncovers a mnemonic landscape by exploring the vernacular memories of Han migration through memory practices used to engage with treasured family photographs. Drawing on John Bodnar’s discussion of the relation between vernacular and official memories, this study treats family photographs as memory objects and analyses family photograph practices in multi-generational Han families. This study used 45 interviews with 15 families on their practices for engaging with family photographs documenting the migration to reveal how these photographs mark significant life moments and achievements of resettled individuals and connects personal experiences with national history while facilitating generational transmission. Drawing on original contributions grounded in empirical data from ethnographic interviews, this study examines the distinctive dynamics of vernacular and official memory in Chinese nation-building as encapsulated in these family photographs.

Current Status, Challenges, and Pathways for the Integration of Local and Immigrant Cultures in Dongguan under the 'Dual Ten Thousand' Context

2025-05-23

Jian Wang , Xiao Han , Zhenyu Yuan +1 more

In Dongguan, a quintessential immigrant city of China, the dynamic interplay between local and immigrant cultures has been a consistent focal point. As Dongguan transitions into the "Dual Ten Thousand" … In Dongguan, a quintessential immigrant city of China, the dynamic interplay between local and immigrant cultures has been a consistent focal point. As Dongguan transitions into the "Dual Ten Thousand" era, characterized by a GDP surpassing one trillion RMB and a population exceeding ten million, the cultivation of cultural identity emerges as a pivotal factor for ensuring social cohesion and sustainable development. This research delineates three key findings. The evolution of the relationship between local and immigrant cultures has traversed three distinct phases: initial conflict (around 2000), subsequent mitigation (post-2007 with initiatives such as "New Dongguanese"), and eventual dilution (post-2014 as official distinctions waned). Presently, cultural amalgamation is intricate, encompassing (1) intergenerational disparities among locals (traditional older generations versus progressive youth), (2) diverse perceptions of integration among migrants contingent upon economic security and Household Register status, and (3) the coexistence of a geographically circumscribed local culture alongside a fragmented immigrant culture. To promote integration and fortify cultural identity, Dongguan must amplify the prominence of its local culture to forge a unified urban identity, facilitate inter-group dialogue, and prioritize migrant well-being by enhancing employment opportunities, healthcare provisions, and educational systems.

Language Use and Preservation Among the Naxi Ethnic Group in China: A Sociolinguistic Review and Recommendations

2025-05-23

Xiao Huang

The Naxi ethnic group in China possesses distinctive linguistic and cultural characteristics. Its Naxi spoken language and Dongba written script are of great values to the world’s rich linguistic diversity. … The Naxi ethnic group in China possesses distinctive linguistic and cultural characteristics. Its Naxi spoken language and Dongba written script are of great values to the world’s rich linguistic diversity. However, as Chinese Han language dominates most sociolinguistic contexts, Naxi native language is at great risk of being endangered. An increasing proportion of Naxi youth no longer speak their native language, not to mention the rarely transmitted Dongba written script. Protecting and preserving the Naxi language is not only the responsibility of the indigenous community, but also an undeniable task for both the local and central governments. Actions such as implementing high quality bilingual education of Naxi language in elementary and secondary schools, launching and promoting programs about Naxi language, literature and cultures are discussed.

Islam as a Minority Religion in Chinese Secularity: An Introduction

2025-05-22

Yee Lak Elliot Lee , Hubert Seiwert , Markus Dreßler +1 more

Abstract: This special issue focuses on Muslim minorities in modern China through the lens of secularity. We use “secularity” as an analytical concept to refer to the idea that, in … Abstract: This special issue focuses on Muslim minorities in modern China through the lens of secularity. We use “secularity” as an analytical concept to refer to the idea that, in most modern societies, religion is understood as a distinct social sphere separate from other domains of societal life. Importantly, what counts as “religion” or “religious” in China is neither self-evident nor static; instead, it is contextually defined and negotiated, varying across different social settings. The contributions in this issue address this from a range of perspectives, exploring various configurations in which the distinction between religious and non-religious spheres influences both the relationship between Chinese Muslims and the state, as well as the dynamics within Muslim communities themselves.

Displaced yet Distinct: Hangzhou’s Relocated Congregational Mosque on the Urban Periphery

2025-05-22

Sylvia Wu

Abstract: In 2017, the city of Hangzhou relocated its Muslim congregational site from the historic Phoenix Mosque in the city center to the newly constructed Hangzhou Mosque on the urban … Abstract: In 2017, the city of Hangzhou relocated its Muslim congregational site from the historic Phoenix Mosque in the city center to the newly constructed Hangzhou Mosque on the urban outskirts. This article examines the catalysts and reverberations of the policy decision through intersecting prisms of mosque design, heritage preservation, and urban planning under the secularist Chinese state. Drawing on built forms, observatory experiences, and archival materials, the study uncovers the manifold dialectics between the municipal government’s efforts to reinterpret religious institutions in Hangzhou’s urban center as heritage-focused, tourism-oriented spaces and the displaced Muslim community’s quest of an architectural expression that salvages their obscured religious identity. Despite being pushed to the city periphery, the new Hangzhou Mosque demonstrated unambiguous architectural prominence by adopting the highly symbolic, dome-and-minaret design paradigm. The approach reflects an underlying anxiety of the city’s Muslim community about being segregated and silenced, while also highlighting an evolving tension between their marginalization and visibility.

Xitsonga Orthography

2025-05-15

Sikheto Joe Kubayi , Osborn Risimati Chauke

Form of Shanxi Folk Dance from the Perspective of Semiotics

2025-05-11

Bowen Zhang , Ningsih Sukirman

Among the many difficulties facing traditional folk dancing are the possibility of cultural homogenization and the disintegration of heritage. The impact of foreign culture weakens cultural distinctiveness, national identity in … Among the many difficulties facing traditional folk dancing are the possibility of cultural homogenization and the disintegration of heritage. The impact of foreign culture weakens cultural distinctiveness, national identity in dance is lost, and movements and emotional expressions tend to be identical. It is becoming more difficult for the essence of many dances to survive as a result of the concurrent decline of inheritors, rise in senior artists, and fracture in the skills inheritance. This article took Shanxi folk dance as the research object and innovatively analyzed its dance form from a semiotic perspective. Taking Zuoquan Xiaohua Opera as an example, this article explored in detail the symbolic significance and cultural connotations of body posture, movement rhythm, and props such as colorful fans in dance, aiming to address the phenomenon of fading of Shanxi folk dance culture. This article used the histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) to accurately capture data from the database and analyze the symbolic features in dance forms. In Shanxi Province traditional dance analysis, HOG is essential for differentiating the various dance genres in addition to providing a correct depiction of the body characteristics. To successfully separate the stylistic characteristics of various dance forms, HOG can precisely identify the individual symbolic elements in the dance by extracting the direction information of the edges in the image. This method also offers great technological assistance for the research of dance morphology. At the same time, in order to better recognize the features of dance symbols, the transfer learning technology was creatively applied to accelerate the learning process of Shanxi dance form symbol recognition tasks. The research results showed that the semiotic perspective profoundly revealed the aesthetic value of Shanxi folk dance, helping to solve the problem of cultural fading. This study not only enriches the application of semiotic theory in the field of dance art, but also broadens the perspective of dance research, providing strong support for the inheritance and innovation of folk dance art in Shanxi.

Natural Resources and Civil War Onset —— The Impact of Resource Types and Regional Variations

2025-05-10

Jibin Zhang

Existing studies generally acknowledge a strong correlation between a nation’s natural resource endowment and the onset of civil wars. However, how do different types of natural resources influence civil war … Existing studies generally acknowledge a strong correlation between a nation’s natural resource endowment and the onset of civil wars. However, how do different types of natural resources influence civil war onset, and do these effects vary across regions? Drawing on data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) and the World Bank, this paper examines 65 civil wars occurring between 1945 and 2000, alongside the natural resource profiles of the affected nations. It investigates the impacts of mineral resources and energy resources on civil war onset through the theoretical lenses of the "greed hypothesis" and "opportunity hypothesis," respectively, and conducts regional heterogeneity analyses. The findings reveal: (1) Greater natural resource abundance in a country correlates with a higher likelihood of civil war onset. Specifically, mineral resources primarily incentivize rebels to initiate conflicts by increasing potential wartime gains, while energy resources may elevate civil war risks by undermining state capacity. (2) The two resource types exhibit distinct regional effects: In Africa, mineral resources play a more pronounced role in driving civil wars, whereas in Latin America, energy-rich nations are more prone to conflicts. In Asia, civil wars are predominantly influenced by energy resources, with mineral resources showing negligible impact. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between natural resources and civil war onset, clarifies the differential mechanisms of resource types, and identifies regional variations, offering theoretical insights for natural resource management and civil war prevention.