Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

Infrared Thermography in Medicine

Works Count: 49181

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the medical applications of infrared thermography, particularly in the detection and diagnosis of various medical conditions such as breast cancer, musculoskeletal injuries, skin disorders, and vascular diseases. The use of infrared thermography for non-invasive and early detection, as well as its potential in computer-aided diagnosis, is a prominent theme throughout the papers.

Keywords

Infrared Thermography; Medical Imaging; Breast Cancer Detection; Skin Temperature; Non-invasive Diagnosis; Thermal Imaging; Body Surface Temperature; Computer-aided Diagnosis; Tumor Localization; Dynamic Infrared Imaging

Studies of Thermal Injury: I. The Conduction of Heat to and through Skin and the Temperatures Attained Therein. A Theoretical and an Experimental Investigation.

1947-07-01

F C Henriques , A Moritz

Physical agents in rehabilitation : from research to practice

2013-11-23

Michelle Cameron

WAVELETS in Medicine and Biology

2017-11-22

Akram Aldroubi , Michaël Unser

Preface, A. Aldroubi and M. Unser Wavelet Transform: Theory and Implementation The Wavelet Transform: A Surfing Guide, A. Aldroubi A Practical Guide to the Implementation of the Wavelet Transform, M. … Preface, A. Aldroubi and M. Unser Wavelet Transform: Theory and Implementation The Wavelet Transform: A Surfing Guide, A. Aldroubi A Practical Guide to the Implementation of the Wavelet Transform, M. Unser Wavelets in Medical Imaging and Tomography An Application of Wavelet Shrinkage to Tomography, E. Kolaczyk Wavelet Denoising of Functional MRI Data, M. Hilton, T. Ogden, D. Hattery, G. Eden, and B. Jawerth Statistical Analysis of Image Differences by Wavelet Decomposition, U.E. Ruttiman, M. Unser, P. Thevenaz, C. Lee, D. Rio, and D. Hommer Feature Extraction in Digital Mammography, R.A. DeVore, B. Lucier, and Z. Yang Contrast Enhancement by Multiscale and Nonlinear Operators, J. Fan and A. Laine Using Wavelets to Suppress Noise in Biomedical Images, M. Malfait Wavelet Transform and Tomography: Continuous and Discrete Approaches, F. Peyrin and M. Zaim Wavelets and Local Tomography, C. Berenstein and D. Walnut Optimal Time-Frequency Projections for Localized Tomography, T. Olson Adapted Wavelet Techniques for Encoding Magnetic Resonance Images, D. Healy and J. Weaver Wavelets and Biomedical Signal Processing Sleep Images Using the Wavelet Transform to Process Polysomnographic Signals, R. Sartene, L. Poupard, J.L. Bernard, and J.C. Wallet Estimating the Fractal Exponent of Point Processes in Biological Systems Using Wavelet- and Fourier-Transform Methods, M.C. Teich, C. Heneghan, S.B. Lowen, and R.G. Turcott Point Processes, Long Range Dependence, and Wavelets, P. Abry and P. Flandrin Continuous Wavelet Transform: ECG Recognition Based on Phase and Modulus Representations and Hidden Markov Models, L. Senhadji, L. Thoraval, and G. Carrault Interference Canceling in Biomedical Systems: The Mutual Wavelet Packet Approach, M. Karrakchou and M. Kunt Frame Signal Processing Applied to Bioelectric Data, J.J. Benedetto Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease Using Wavelet-Based Neural Networks, M. Akay Wavelets and Mathematical Models in Biology A Nonlinear Squeezing of the Continuous Wavelet Transform Based on Auditory Nerve Models, I. Daubechies and S. Maes The Application of Wavelet Transforms to Blood Flow Velocimetry, L. Weiss Wavelet Models of Event-Related Potential, J. Raz and B. Turetsky Macromolecular Structure Computation Based on Energy Function Approximation by Wavelets, E. Schmitt Index

Heat and bone tissue. An experimental investigation of the thermal properties of bone and threshold levels for thermal injury.

1972-01-01

J. Lundskog

The oxygen consumption rate (QO2) of granulation tissue from cylinders implanted in bipedicle tube flaps of rabbits was measured weeks 2 to 7 in vitro in a Biological Oxygen Monitor. … The oxygen consumption rate (QO2) of granulation tissue from cylinders implanted in bipedicle tube flaps of rabbits was measured weeks 2 to 7 in vitro in a Biological Oxygen Monitor. Granulation tissue from cylinders implanted in skin folds was used as control. The QO2 of granulation tissue decreased slowly as the oxygen tension in the medium fell. All measurements were made at an oxygen tension of 75 mmHg. At week 2 the QO2 of granulation tissue in flaps was high and a decrease occurred between week 2 and week 4. A further decrease took place between weeks 6 and 7 and a very low QO2 was found at week 7. Control granulation tissue showed a higher QO2 than skin flap granulation tissue at weeks 3, 4, 5 and 7.

Variational Methods in Imaging

2008-09-25

Otmar Scherzer , Markus Grasmair , Harald Grossauer +2 more

Biomedical Image Analysis

2004-12-30

Rangaraj M. Rangayyan

PREFACE THE NATURE OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGES Body Temperature as an Image Transillumination Light Microscopy Electron Microscopy X-ray Imaging Tomography Nuclear Medicine Imaging Ultrasonography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Objectives of Biomedical Image … PREFACE THE NATURE OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGES Body Temperature as an Image Transillumination Light Microscopy Electron Microscopy X-ray Imaging Tomography Nuclear Medicine Imaging Ultrasonography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Objectives of Biomedical Image Analysis Computer-aided Diagnosis Remarks Study Questions and Problems Laboratory Exercises and Projects IMAGE QUALITY AND INFORMATION CONTENT Difficulties in Image Acquisition and Analysis Characterization of Image Quality Digitization of Images Optical Density Dynamic Range Contrast Histogram Entropy Blur and Spread Functions Resolution The Fourier Transform and Spectral Content Modulation Transfer Function Signal-to-Noise Ratio Error-based Measures Application: Image Sharpness and Acutance Remarks Study Questions and Problems Laboratory Exercises and Projects REMOVAL OF ARTIFACTS Characterization of Artifacts Synchronized or Multiframe Averaging Space-domain Local-statistics-based Filters Frequency-domain Filters Matrix Representation of Image Processing Optimal Filtering Adaptive Filters Comparative Analysis of Filters for Noise Removal Application: Multiframe Averaging in Confocal Microscopy Application: Noise Reduction in Nuclear Medicine Imaging Remarks Study Questions and Problems Laboratory Exercises and Projects IMAGE ENHANCEMENT Digital Subtraction Angiography Dual-energy and Energy-subtraction X-ray Imaging Temporal Subtraction Gray-scale Transforms Histogram Transformation Convolution Mask Operators High-frequency Emphasis Homomorphic Filtering for Enhancement Adaptive Contrast Enhancement Objective Assessment of Contrast Enhancement Application: Contrast Enhancement of Mammograms Remarks Study Questions and Problems Laboratory Exercises and Projects DETECTION OF REGIONS OF INTEREST Thresholding and Binarization Detection of Isolated Points and Lines Edge Detection Segmentation and Region Growing Fuzzy-set-based Region Growing to Detect Breast Tumors Detection of Objects of Known Geometry Methods for the Improvement of Contour or Region Estimates Application: Detection of the Spinal Canal Application: Detection of the Breast Boundary in Mammograms Application: Detection of the Pectoral Muscle in Mammograms Application: Improved Segmentation of Breast Masses by Fuzzy-set-based Fusion of Contours and Regions Remarks Study Questions and Problems Laboratory Exercises and Projects ANALYSIS OF SHAPE Representation of Shapes and Contours Shape Factors Fourier Descriptors Fractional Concavity Analysis of Spicularity Application: Shape Analysis of Calcifications Application: Shape Analysis of Breast Masses and Tumors Remarks Study Questions and Problems Laboratory Exercises and Projects ANALYSIS OF TEXTURE Texture in Biomedical Images Models for the Generation of Texture Statistical Analysis of Texture Laws' Measures of Texture Energy Fractal Analysis Fourier-domain Analysis of Texture Segmentation and Structural Analysis of Texture Audification and Sonification of Texture in Images Application: Analysis of Breast Masses Using Texture and Gradient Measures {627} Remarks Study Questions and Problems Laboratory Exercises and Projects ANALYSIS OF ORIENTED PATTERNS Oriented Patterns in Images Measures of Directional Distribution Directional Filtering Gabor Filters Directional Analysis via Multiscale Edge Detection Hough-Radon Transform Analysis Application: Analysis of Ligament Healing Application: Detection of Breast Tumors Application: Bilateral Asymmetry in Mammograms Application: Architectural Distortion in Mammograms Remarks Study Questions and Problems Laboratory Exercises and Projects IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM PROJECTIONS Projection Geometry The Fourier Slice Theorem Backprojection Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques Imaging with Diffracting Sources Display of CT Images Agricultural and Forestry Applications Microtomography Application: Analysis of the Tumor in Neuroblastoma Remarks Study Questions and Problems Laboratory Exercises and Projects DECONVOLUTION, DEBLURRING, AND RESTORATION Linear Space-invariant Restoration Filters Blind Deblurring Homomorphic Deconvolution Space-variant Restoration Application: Restoration of Nuclear Medicine Images Remarks Study Questions and Problems Laboratory Exercises and Projects IMAGE CODING AND DATA COMPRESSION Considerations Based on Information Theory Fundamental Concepts of Coding Direct Source Coding Application: Source Coding of Digitized Mammograms The Need for Decorrelation Transform Coding Interpolative Coding Predictive Coding Image Scanning Using the Peano-Hilbert Curve Image Coding and Compression Standards Segmentation-based Adaptive Scanning Enhanced JBIG Coding Lower-limit Analysis of Lossless Data Compression Application: Teleradiology Remarks Study Questions and Problems Laboratory Exercises and Projects PATTERN CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSTIC DECISION Pattern Classification Supervised Pattern Classification Unsupervised Pattern Classification Probabilistic Models and Statistical Decision Logistic Regression The Training and Test Steps Neural Networks Measures of Diagnostic Accuracy Reliability of Features, Classifiers, and Decisions Application: Image Enhancement for Breast Cancer Screening Application: Classification of Breast Masses and Tumors via Shape Analysis Application: Content-based Retrieval and Analysis of Breast Masses Remarks Study Questions and Problems Laboratory Exercises and Projects REFERENCES INDEX

A new weighting system for mean surface temperature of the human body

1964-05-01

Narayanan Ramanathan

On the basis of an analysis of the skin temperature data on three resting human subjects from 112 experiments, a simple weighting system for computing the mean skin temperature from … On the basis of an analysis of the skin temperature data on three resting human subjects from 112 experiments, a simple weighting system for computing the mean skin temperature from observations on four areas of the body, namely, chest, arms, thighs, and legs, has been proposed. The proposed system of weighting yields mean skin temperature values identical with the elaborate Hardy-Dubois weighting formula. The value of the medial thigh temperature as an index of the mean skin temperature has also been investigated and discussed. skin temperature measurement Submitted on May 20, 1963

The Biomedical Engineering Handbook

2018-10-03

Joseph D. Bronzino , Donald R. Peterson

Physiological systems bioelectric phenomena biomechanics biomaterials biosensors biomedical signal analysis imaging medical instruments and devices biological effects of non-ionizing biotechnology tissue engineering human performance engineering physiological modelling, simulation and control … Physiological systems bioelectric phenomena biomechanics biomaterials biosensors biomedical signal analysis imaging medical instruments and devices biological effects of non-ionizing biotechnology tissue engineering human performance engineering physiological modelling, simulation and control clinical engineering and artificial intelligence. (Part contents).

Comparison of human cerebral activation pattern during cutaneous warmth, heat pain, and deep cold pain

1996-07-01

K. L. Casey , Satoshi Minoshima , Thomas Morrow +1 more

1. We wished to determine whether there are differences in the spatial pattern and intensity of synaptic activity within the conscious human forebrain when different forms and intensities of innocuous … 1. We wished to determine whether there are differences in the spatial pattern and intensity of synaptic activity within the conscious human forebrain when different forms and intensities of innocuous and noxious thermal stimuli are experienced. Accordingly, positron emission tomography (PET) with intravenous injection of H2(15)O was used to detect increases in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in normal humans as they discriminated differences in the intensity of noxious and innocuous thermal stimulation applied to the nondominant (left) arm. After stereotactic registration, subtraction images were formed from each subject by subtracting counts of emissions obtained during lower-intensity stimulation from those obtained during stimulation at higher intensities. A statistical summation analysis (Z score) of individual voxels was performed. In addition, volumes of interest were chosen on the basis of a priori hypotheses and the results of previously published PET studies. In both types of analysis, statistical thresholds were established with corrections for multiple comparisons. 2. Twenty-seven subjects were divided into three groups of nine subjects each for the three phases of this investigation. For studies in which repetitive contact heat stimuli were used, each subject was instructed in magnitude estimation on the basis of a scale for which 0 indicated "no heat sensation," 7 "just barely painful," and 10 "just barely tolerable." For the study of pain elicited by immersion of the hand in cold water, subjects were instructed to use a scale in which 0 represented "no pain" and 10 represented just barely tolerable pain. 3. In the warm-discrimination study, two intensities of innocuous heat (36 and 43 degrees C) were applied with a thermode as repetitive 5-s contacts to the volar forearm for a total of approximately 100 s, 8 stimuli before and 12 during each scan. Each temperature was applied on alternate scans for a total of four scans per subject. Neither stimulus was rated painful. All subjects discriminated the 43 degrees C stimulus (average rating 5.90 +/- 1.43, mean +/- SD) from the 36 degrees C stimulus (1.96 +/- 1.08, mean +/- SD; t = 13.19, P < 0.0001). Significant increases in rCBF to the 43 degrees C stimuli were found in the contralateral ventral posterior thalamus, lenticular nucleus, medial prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's areas 10 and 32), and cerebellar vermis. 4. The procedure for discriminating between noxious and innocuous heat stimuli was identical to that used for warm discrimination except that the stimulation temperatures were 40 and 50 degrees C. All subjects rated the 50 degrees C stimuli as painful (average rating 8.9 +/- 0.9, mean +/- SD) and the 40 degrees C stimuli as warm, but not painful (2.1 +/- 1.0). Significant rCBF increases to 50 degrees C stimuli were found contralaterally in the thalamus, anterior cingulate cortex, premotor cortex, and secondary somatosensory (S2) and posterior insular cortices. Significant activity also appeared within the region of the contralateral anterior insula and lenticular nucleus. The ipsilateral premotor cortex and thalamus, and the medial dorsal midbrain and cerebellar vermis, also showed significant rCBF increases. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases just below the threshold for statistical significance were seen in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex [primary motor cortex (M1)/primary somatosensory cortex (S1)]. 5. For discrimination between tonic innocuous cold and tonic cold pain, the left hand was immersed to the wrist, throughout each of six scans, in water kept at an average temperature of either 20.5 +/- 1.15 degrees C (mean +/- SD) or 6.02 +/- 1.18 degrees C (mean +/- SD) on alternate scans. All subjects rated the intensity of the stimuli on a scale in which 0 indicated no pain and 10 represented barely tolerable pain. Subjects rated the 20 degrees C water immersion as painless (average rating 0.18 +/- 0.48, mean +/- SD), but gave ratings indicating i

Analysis of Tissue and Arterial Blood Temperatures in the Resting Human Forearm

1998-07-01

Harry H. Pennes

Classification of factors influencing the use of infrared thermography in humans: A review

2015-03-09

Ismael Fernández-Cuevas , João Carlos Bouzas Marins , Javier Arnáiz Lastras +4 more

Effects of wearing N95 and surgical facemasks on heart rate, thermal stress and subjective sensations

2005-05-25

Yi Li , H. Tokura , Yiping Guo +4 more

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Thresholds for thermal damage to normal tissues: An update

2011-05-18

Pavel Yarmolenko , Eui Jung Moon , Chelsea D. Landon +4 more

The purpose of this review is to summarise a literature survey on thermal thresholds for tissue damage. This review covers published literature for the consecutive years from 2002–2009. The first … The purpose of this review is to summarise a literature survey on thermal thresholds for tissue damage. This review covers published literature for the consecutive years from 2002–2009. The first review on this subject was published in 2003. It included an extensive discussion of how to use thermal dosimetric principles to normalise all time-temperature data histories to a common format. This review utilises those same principles to address sensitivity of a variety of tissues, but with particular emphasis on brain and testis. The review includes new data on tissues that were not included in the original review. Several important observations have come from this review. First, a large proportion of the papers examined for this review were discarded because time–temperature history at the site of thermal damage assessment was not recorded. It is strongly recommended that future research on this subject include such data. Second, very little data is available examining chronic consequences of thermal exposure. On a related point, the time of assessment of damage after exposure is critically important for assessing whether damage is transient or permanent. Additionally, virtually no data are available for repeated thermal exposures which may occur in certain recreational or occupational activities. For purposes of regulatory guidelines, both acute and lasting effects of thermal damage should be considered.

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Spectral emissivity of skin and pericardium

1973-09-01

J. A. Steketee

A monochromator was modified to measure the emissivity, ε(λ), of living tissue in the infrared region between 1 and 14 μm. The infrared radiation from the tissue was compared with … A monochromator was modified to measure the emissivity, ε(λ), of living tissue in the infrared region between 1 and 14 μm. The infrared radiation from the tissue was compared with blackbody radiation and in this way ε(λ) has been determined for white skin, black skin, burnt skin and pericardium.

Anthropometry of the head and face

1995-01-01

Crina Cacou

Interaction between bedding and sleeping position in the sudden infant death syndrome: a population based case-control study.

1990-07-14

P.J. Fleming , Ruth Gilbert , Y Azaz +4 more

OBJECTIVE--To determine the relation between sleeping position and quantity of bedding and the risk of sudden unexpected infant death. DESIGN--A study of all infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly and of … OBJECTIVE--To determine the relation between sleeping position and quantity of bedding and the risk of sudden unexpected infant death. DESIGN--A study of all infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly and of two controls matched for age and date with each index case. The parents of control infants were interviewed within 72 hours of the index infant9s death. Information was collected on bedding, sleeping position, heating, and recent signs of illness for index and control infants. SETTING--A defined geographical area comprising most of the county of Avon and part of Somerset. SUBJECTS--72 Infants who had died suddenly and unexpectedly (of whom 67 had died from the sudden infant death syndrome) and 144 control infants. RESULTS--Compared with the control infants the infants who had died from the sudden infant death syndrome were more likely to have been sleeping prone (relative risk 8.8; 95% confidence interval 7.0 to 11.0; p less than 0.001), to have been more heavily wrapped (relative risk 1.14 per tog above 8 tog; 1.03 to 1.28; p less than 0.05), and to have had the heating on all night (relative risk 2.7; 1.4 to 5.2; p less than 0.01). These differences were less pronounced in the younger infants (less than 70 days) than the older ones. The risk of sudden unexpected death among infants older than 70 days, nursed prone, and with clothing and bedding of total thermal resistance greater than 10 tog was increased by factors of 15.1 (2.6 to 89.6) and 25.2 (3.7 to 169.0) respectively compared with the risk in infants of the same age nursed supine or on their side and under less than 6 tog of bedding. CONCLUSIONS--Overheating and the prone position are independently associated with an increased risk of sudden unexpected infant death, particularly in infants aged more than 70 days. Educating parents about appropriate thermal care and sleeping position of infants may help to reduce the incidence of the sudden infant death syndrome.

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Thermal cameras and applications: a survey

2013-11-08

Rikke Gade , Thomas B. Moeslund

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Social stress and illness onset

1964-07-01

Richard H. Rahe , Merle P. Meyer , Michael Smith +2 more

Risk for breast cancer development determined by mammographic parenchymal pattern

1976-05-01

John N. Wolfe

A classification of risk for developing breast cancer has been devised based solely on the appearance of the breast parenchyma by mammography. Four groups of patients were isolated. The study … A classification of risk for developing breast cancer has been devised based solely on the appearance of the breast parenchyma by mammography. Four groups of patients were isolated. The study encompassed a five-year period and was done by reviewing the mammograms of all women over the age of 30 who had been examined at Hutzel Hospital, Detroit. The average time of followup would be approximately 21/2 years. Four groups had an incidence of developing breast cancer of 0.1, 0.4, 1.7, and 2.2. These parenchymal patterns are described and criteria for their identification are given.

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Method for quantitative estimation of thermal thresholds in patients.

1976-11-01

H. Fruhstorfer , Ulf Lindblom , Wolfgang Schmidt

A quantitative method for the examination of thermal sensibility was applied in 26 normal subjects and in patients with various neurological disorders. The stimulation technique resembled Békésy audiometry: the patient … A quantitative method for the examination of thermal sensibility was applied in 26 normal subjects and in patients with various neurological disorders. The stimulation technique resembled Békésy audiometry: the patient reversed the direction of the temperature change of a thermode whenever warm, cold, or thermal pain thresholds were reached. The resulting temperature curve enables a quantitative description of the subject9s thermal sensibility and of the degree of impairment displayed by neurological patients.

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Influence of muscle temperature on maximal muscle strength and power output in human skeletal muscles

1979-09-01

Ulf Bergh , Björn Ekblom

The influence of muscle temperature ( T m ) on maximal muscle strength, power output, jumping, and sprinting performance was evaluated in four male subjects. In one of the subjects … The influence of muscle temperature ( T m ) on maximal muscle strength, power output, jumping, and sprinting performance was evaluated in four male subjects. In one of the subjects the electromyogram (EMG) was recorded from M. vastus lateralis, M. biceps femoris, and M. semitendinosus. T m ranged from 30.0°C to 39°. Maximal dynamic strength, power output, jumping, and sprinting performance were positively related to T m . The changes were in the same order of magnitude for all these parameters (4–6%× C ‐1 ) Maximal isometric strength decreased by 2%× C ‐1 with decreasing T m . The force‐velocity relationship was shifted to the left at subnormal T m . Thus in short term exercises, such as jumping and sprinting, performance is reduced at low T m and enhanced at T m above normal, primarily as a result of a variation in maximal dynamic strength.

Heat Transfer to Blood Vessels

1980-05-01

J. C. Chato

Heat transfer to individual blood vessels has been investigated in three configurations: a single vessel, two vessels in counterflow, and a single vessel near the skin surface. For a single … Heat transfer to individual blood vessels has been investigated in three configurations: a single vessel, two vessels in counterflow, and a single vessel near the skin surface. For a single vessel the Graetz number is the controlling parameter. The arterioles, capillaries, and venules have very low Graetz numbers, Gz < 0.4, and act as perfect heat exchangers in which the blood quickly reaches the tissue temperature. The large arteries and veins with Graetz numbers over 10(3) have virtually no heat exchange with the tissue, and blood leaves them at near the entering temperature. Heat transfer between parallel vessels in counterflow is influenced most strongly by the relative distance of separation anad by the mass transferred from the artery to the vein along the length. These two effects are of the same order of magnitude, whereas the film coefficients in the blood flow are of significant but lesser importance. The effect of a blood vessel on the temperature distribution of the skin directly above it and on the heat transfer to the environment increases with decreasing depth-to-radius ratio and decreasing Biot number based on radius. The absolute magnitude of these effects is independent of other linear effects, such as internal heat generation or a superimposed one-dimensional heat flux.

Infrared Thermal Imaging: Fundamentals, Research and Applications

2011-08-12

Gorazd Planinšič

Ten years ago, a book with a title like this would be interesting only to a narrow circle of specialists. Thanks to rapid advances in technology, the price of thermal … Ten years ago, a book with a title like this would be interesting only to a narrow circle of specialists. Thanks to rapid advances in technology, the price of thermal imaging devices has dropped sharply, so they have, almost overnight, become accessible to a wide range of users. As the authors point out in the preface, the growth of this area has led to a paradoxical situation: now there are probably more infrared (IR) cameras sold worldwide than there are people who understand the basic physics behind them and know how to correctly interpret the colourful images that are obtained with these devices. My experience confirms this. When I started using the IR camera during lectures on the didactics of physics, I soon realized that I needed more knowledge, which I later found in this book.

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Eine einfache Technik der extrem schnellen Abk�hlung gr��erer Gewebest�cke

1960-01-01

A Wollenberger , O. Ristau , G. Schoffa

The cold pressor test for measuring the reactibility of the blood pressure: Data concerning 571 normal and hypertensive subjects

1936-01-01

Edgar A. Hines , G. E. Brown

Measurement of Coronary Sinus Blood Flow by Continuous Thermodilution in Man

1971-08-01

William Ganz , Kohji Tamura , Harold S. Marcus +3 more

A technique was developed for measurement of blood flow in the coronary sinus in man by continuous thermodilution. For single determinations, 5% dextrose at room temperature is injected at a … A technique was developed for measurement of blood flow in the coronary sinus in man by continuous thermodilution. For single determinations, 5% dextrose at room temperature is injected at a constant rate of 35 ml/min for a period of about 20 sec. In 14 subjects with normal coronary arteries the mean coronary sinus blood flow was 122 ± 25 ml/min (range, 83 to 159 ml/min). The blood flow computed per 100 g of left ventricle was 82 ± 16 ml/min, which is in the range of values obtained by nitrous oxide and coincidence counting methods. In 35 patients with arteriographically confirmed coronary artery disease the mean flow was similar (128 ± 20 ml/min; range, 92 to 167 ml/min). A special catheter was used for simultaneous measurement of blood flow in the coronary sinus and great cardiac vein. In eight normal subjects the mean great cardiac vein flow was 68 ± 11 ml/min (range, 51 to 78 ml/min) or 65 ± 10% of the coronary sinus blood flow. The method allowed continuous measurement of flow over a period of several minutes and, for the first time, measurement of rapid changes in myocardial perfusion.

Autonomic markers of emotional processing: skin sympathetic nerve activity in humans during exposure to emotionally charged images

2012-01-01

Rachael Brown , Cheree James , Luke A. Henderson +1 more

The sympathetic innervation of the skin primarily subserves thermoregulation, but the system has also been commandeered as a means of expressing emotion. While it is known that the level of … The sympathetic innervation of the skin primarily subserves thermoregulation, but the system has also been commandeered as a means of expressing emotion. While it is known that the level of skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) is affected by anxiety, the majority of emotional studies have utilized the galvanic skin response as a means of inferring increases in SSNA. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the changes in SSNA when showing subjects neutral or emotionally charged images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). SSNA was recorded via tungsten microelectrodes inserted into cutaneous fascicles of the common peroneal nerve in ten subjects. Neutral images, positively charged images (erotica) or negatively charged images (mutilation) were presented in blocks of fifteen images of a specific type, each block lasting 2 min. Images of erotica or mutilation were presented in a quasi-random fashion, each block following a block of neutral images. Both images of erotica or images of mutilation caused significant increases in SSNA, but the increases in SSNA were greater for mutilation. The increases in SSNA were often coupled with sweat release and cutaneous vasoconstriction; however, these markers were not always consistent with the SSNA increases. We conclude that SSNA, comprising cutaneous vasoconstrictor and sudomotor activity, increases with both positively charged and negatively charged emotional images. Measurement of SSNA provides a more comprehensive assessment of sympathetic outflow to the skin than does the use of sweat release alone as a marker of emotional processing.

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Medical applications of infrared thermography: A review

2012-04-13

B.B. Lahiri , S. Bagavathiappan , T. Jayakumar +1 more

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An Overview of Recent Application of Medical Infrared Thermography in Sports Medicine in Austria

2010-05-07

Carolin Hildebrandt , Christian Raschner , K. Ammer

Medical infrared thermography (MIT) is used for analyzing physiological functions related to skin temperature. Technological advances have made MIT a reliable medical measurement tool. This paper provides an overview of … Medical infrared thermography (MIT) is used for analyzing physiological functions related to skin temperature. Technological advances have made MIT a reliable medical measurement tool. This paper provides an overview of MIT's technical requirements and usefulness in sports medicine, with a special focus on overuse and traumatic knee injuries. Case studies are used to illustrate the clinical applicability and limitations of MIT. It is concluded that MIT is a non-invasive, non-radiating, low cost detection tool which should be applied for pre-scanning athletes in sports medicine.

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Thermal Heterogeneity Within Human Atherosclerotic Coronary Arteries Detected In Vivo

1999-04-20

Christodoulos Stefanadis , Leonidas Nikolaos Diamantopoulos , Charalambos Vlachopoulos +5 more

Background —Activated macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic syndromes. It has been postulated that detection of heat released by activated inflammatory cells of atherosclerotic plaques … Background —Activated macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic syndromes. It has been postulated that detection of heat released by activated inflammatory cells of atherosclerotic plaques may predict plaque rupture and thrombosis. Previous ex vivo studies have shown that there is thermal heterogeneity in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Methods and Results —To measure the temperature of human arteries in vivo, we developed a catheter-based technique. Ninety patients (45 with normal coronary arteries, 15 with stable angina [SA], 15 with unstable angina [UA], and 15 with acute myocardial infarction [AMI]) were studied. The thermistor of the thermography catheter has a temperature accuracy of 0.05°C, a time constant of 300 ms, and a spatial resolution of 0.5 mm. Temperature was constant within the arteries of the control subjects, whereas most atherosclerotic plaques showed higher temperature compared with healthy vessel wall. Temperature differences between atherosclerotic plaque and healthy vessel wall increased progressively from SA to AMI patients (difference of plaque temperature from background temperature, 0.106±0.110°C in SA, 0.683±0.347°C in UA, and 1.472±0.691°C in AMI). Heterogeneity within the plaque was shown in 20%, 40%, and 67% of the patients with SA, UA, and AMI, respectively, whereas no heterogeneity was shown in the control subjects. Conclusions —Thermal heterogeneity within human atherosclerotic coronary arteries was shown in vivo by use of a special thermography catheter. This heterogeneity is larger in UA and AMI, suggesting that it may be related to the pathogenesis.

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Measurement of regional myocardial blood flow with multiple colored microspheres.

1991-03-01

PETER KOWALLIK , Rainer Schulz , Brian D. Guth +4 more

BACKGROUND The use of radioactive microspheres (RM) for the measurement of regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) is limited and inaccessible to many investigators due to radiation safety concerns and radioactive … BACKGROUND The use of radioactive microspheres (RM) for the measurement of regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) is limited and inaccessible to many investigators due to radiation safety concerns and radioactive waste disposal problems. Therefore, a new method for the measurement of RMBF using colored microspheres (CM) was developed. METHODS AND RESULTS Polystyrene spheres (diameter, 15 +/- 0.1 [SD] micron; density, 1.09 g/ml) were dyed with one of five colors. With the injection of CM into the left atrium or into a coronary perfusion line, RMBF and its distribution can be determined. CM are extracted from the myocardium and blood by digestion with potassium hydroxide and subsequent microfiltration. The dyes are then recovered from the CM within a defined volume of a solvent, and their concentrations are determined by spectrophotometry. The separation of composite absorbance spectra by spectrophotometry with the CM technique was as good as the separation of energy spectra by a gamma-counter using the RM technique. Leaching of dye from the CM was less than 0.1% during a 2-month period in vitro. Significant leaching of dye from the microspheres also did not occur during 8 hours in the blood and myocardium of four anesthetized dogs in vivo. For further validation of this method, pairs of CM and RM (15.5 +/- 0.1 [SD] microns) were simultaneously injected under five different RMBF conditions (range, 0-10 ml/[min.g]) into the left anterior descending coronary artery of four anesthetized pigs, with coronary inflow as a flow reference, or into the left atrium of four anesthetized dogs using aortic blood withdrawal as a reference. The relation between RMBF determined by CM and RM was CM = 0.01 + 1.00.RM (r = 0.98, n = 1,080 data points) in the pigs, and CM = -0.19 + 0.92.RM (r = 0.97, n = 1,813 data points) in the dogs. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of RMBF with CM yields values very similar to those of RM. Their use is less expensive and avoids all the disadvantages related to radioactivity, thus offering an alternative method for as many as five RMBF measurements in a single experiment.

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A review of thermography as promising non-invasive detection modality for breast tumor

2008-08-01

E. Y. K. Ng

The stimulation of bone growth by ultrasound

1983-04-01

Luiz Romariz Duarte

Infrared thermal imaging in medicine

2012-02-28

E. F. J. Ring , K. Ammer

This review describes the features of modern infrared imaging technology and the standardization protocols for thermal imaging in medicine. The technique essentially uses naturally emitted infrared radiation from the skin … This review describes the features of modern infrared imaging technology and the standardization protocols for thermal imaging in medicine. The technique essentially uses naturally emitted infrared radiation from the skin surface. Recent studies have investigated the influence of equipment and the methods of image recording. The credibility and acceptance of thermal imaging in medicine is subject to critical use of the technology and proper understanding of thermal physiology. Finally, we review established and evolving medical applications for thermal imaging, including inflammatory diseases, complex regional pain syndrome and Raynaud's phenomenon. Recent interest in the potential applications for fever screening is described, and some other areas of medicine where some research papers have included thermal imaging as an assessment modality. In certain applications thermal imaging is shown to provide objective measurement of temperature changes that are clinically significant.

A reappraisal of the use of infrared thermal image analysis in medicine

1998-01-01

B.F. Jones

Infrared thermal imaging of the skin has been used for several decades to monitor the temperature distribution of human skin. Abnormalities such as malignancies, inflammation, and infection cause localized increases … Infrared thermal imaging of the skin has been used for several decades to monitor the temperature distribution of human skin. Abnormalities such as malignancies, inflammation, and infection cause localized increases in temperature which show as hot spots or as asymmetrical patterns in an infrared thermogram. Even though it is nonspecific, infrared thermology is a powerful detector of problems that affect a patient's physiology. While the use of infrared imaging is increasing in many industrial and security applications, it has declined in medicine probably because of the continued reliance on first generation cameras. The transfer of military technology for medical use has prompted this reappraisal of infrared thermology in medicine. Digital infrared cameras have much improved spatial and thermal resolutions, and libraries of image processing routines are available to analyze images captured both statically and dynamically. If thermographs are captured under controlled conditions, they may be interpreted readily to diagnose certain conditions and to monitor the reaction of a patient's physiology to thermal and other stresses. Some of the major areas where infrared thermography is being used successfully are neurology, vascular disorders, rheumatic diseases, tissue viability, oncology (especially breast cancer), dermatological disorders, neonatal, ophthalmology, and surgery.

Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting human forearm

1948-01-01

H. H. Penns

THE MAJOR DETERMINANTS IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL GAIT

1953-07-01

John B. Saunders , Verne T. Inman , Howard D. Eberhart

Human locomotion is a phenomenon of the most extraordinary complexity in which so great are the multitude of individual motions occurring simultaneously in the three planes of space that analysis … Human locomotion is a phenomenon of the most extraordinary complexity in which so great are the multitude of individual motions occurring simultaneously in the three planes of space that analysis is difficult without some unifying principle. The adoption of the concept that fundamentally locomotion is the translation of the center of gravity through space along a pathway requiring the least expenditure of energy supplies the necessary unifying principle which permits of qualitative analysis in terms of the essential determinants of gait. The six major determinants are pelvic rotation, pelvic tilt, knee and hip flexion, knee and ankle interaction, and lateral pelvic displacement. The serial observations of irregularities in these determinants provides insight into individual variation and a dynamic assessment of pathological gait. Pathological gait may be viewed as an attempt to preserve as low a level of energy consumption as possible by exaggerations of the motions at unaffected levels. Compensation is reasonably effective with the loss of one determinant of which that at the knee is the most costly. Loss of two determinants makes effective compensation impossible and the cost of locomotion in terms of energy is increased threefold with an inevitable drain upon the body economy.

Infrared thermography: A non-invasive window into thermal physiology

2016-03-02

Glenn J. Tattersall

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Comparison of responses of warm and nociceptive C-fiber afferents in monkey with human judgments of thermal pain

1978-03-01

Robert H. LaMotte , John N. Campbell

1. Radiant-heat stimuli of different intensities were delivered every 28 s to the thenar eminence of the hand of human subjects and to the receptive fields (RFs) of 58 "mechanothermal … 1. Radiant-heat stimuli of different intensities were delivered every 28 s to the thenar eminence of the hand of human subjects and to the receptive fields (RFs) of 58 "mechanothermal nociceptive" and 16 "warm" C-fibers, most of which innervated the glabrous skin of the monkey hand. A CO2 infrared laser under control via a radiometer provided a step increase in skin temperature to a level maintained within +/- 0.1 degrees C over a 7.5-mm-diameter spot. 2. Human subjects categorized the magnitude of warmth and pain sensations evoked by stimuli that ranged in temperature from 40 to 50 degrees C. The scale of subjective thermal intensity constructed from these category estimates showed a monotonically increasing relation between stimulus temperature and the magnitude of warmth and pain sensations. 3. The mechanothermal fibers had a mean RF size of 18.9 +/- 3.2 mm2 (SE), a mean conduction velocity of 0.8 +/- 0.1 m/s, mean thresholds of 43.6 +/- 0.6 degrees C for radiant heat and 5.95 +/- 0.59 bars for mechanical stimulation, and no spontaneous activity. In contrast, warm fibers had punctate RFs, a mean conduction velocity of 1.1 +/- 0.1 m/s, heat thresholds of less than 1 degrees C above skin temperature, no response to mechanical stimulation, and a resting level of activity in warm skin that was suppressed by cooling. 4. The cumulative number of impulses evoked during each stimulation in the nociceptive afferents increased monotonically as a function of stimulus temperature over the range described by humans as increasingly painful (45-50 degrees C). Nociceptive fibers showed little or no response to stimulus temperatures less than 45 degrees C that elicited in humans sensations primarily of warmth but not pain. In contrast, the cumulative impulse count during stimulation of each warm fiber increased monotonically with stimulus temperature over the range of 39-43 degrees C. However, for stimuli of 41-49 degrees C the cumulative impulse count in warm fibers was nonmonotonic with stimulus temperature. Warm-fiber response to stimuli of 45 degrees C or greater usually consisted of a short burst of impulses followed by cessation of activity. 5. The subjective magnitude of warmth and pain sensations in humans and the cumulative impulse count evoked by each stimulus in warm and nociceptive afferents varied inversely with the number, delivery rate, and intensity of preceding stimulations. 6. The results of these experiments suggest the following: a) that activity in the mechanothermal nociceptive C-fibers signals the occurrence of pain evoked by radiant heat, and that the frequency of discharge in these fibers may encode the intensity of painful stimulation; b) that activity in warm fibers may encode the intensity of warmth at lower stimulus temperatures, but is unlikely to provide a peripheral mechanism for encoding the intensity of painful stimulation at higher stimulus temperatures.

Electrophysiological studies of nerve and reflex activity in normal man. I. Identification of certain reflexes in the electromyogram and the conduction velocity of peripheral nerve fibers.

1950-05-01

Magladery Jw , McDOUGAL Db

Principal Component Analysis

2003-08-01

2020 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)

2020-01-01

Willy Supatto

Optical-Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Tissue

1995-01-01

Temperatures Measured in Human Cortical Bone when Drilling

1972-03-01

Larry S. Matthews , Carl Hirsch

Temperature measurements have been made in cortical bone while drilling under controlled laboratory conditions. Cortical temperatures greater than 100 degrees centigrade were frequently recorded when drilling if no specific provisions … Temperature measurements have been made in cortical bone while drilling under controlled laboratory conditions. Cortical temperatures greater than 100 degrees centigrade were frequently recorded when drilling if no specific provisions for cooling were made. The force applied to the drill was found to be much more important than drilling speed as a factor in both the magnitude and duration of cortical temperature elevations. Increases in the force applied to the drill were associated with decreases in the maximum temperatures and the durations of temperature elevation. Worn drills caused much greater temperature changes than new drills. All forms of irrigation that allowed the stream of irrigating fluid to be directed to the point of penetration of the cortex were effective in limiting the increases in cortical temperature. Tapping did not appear to cause significant temperature elevations.

The Effect of Multiple Small Doses of X Rays on Skin Reactions in the Mouse and a Basic Interpretation

1976-05-01

B. G. Douglas , J. F. Fowler

Impact of Diabetic Retinopathy on Ocular Surface Temperature: Insights from Medical Thermography

2025-06-25

B R Manju , N. Padmapriya , S Srinisha +2 more | Journal of Health Science and Medical Research

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of diabetic retinopathy on the ocular surface temperature (OST) profile, exploring potential links between temperature variations and the inflammatory processes associated with … Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of diabetic retinopathy on the ocular surface temperature (OST) profile, exploring potential links between temperature variations and the inflammatory processes associated with the condition.Material and Methods: Medical thermography, a non-invasive technique that captures thermal radiation emitted from body organs, was employed to measure OST and lacrimal sac temperature in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) compared to healthy controls. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess temperature differences between the 2 groups.Results: The analysis revealed a significant difference in OST and lacrimal sac temperature between eyes affected by DR and healthy eyes, with a p-value of 0.006. This finding indicates notable temperature deviations in the presence of diabetic retinopathy.Conclusion: The observed temperature variations support the hypothesis that inflammation may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy, highlighting the potential of thermography as a valuable diagnostic tool in understanding ocular surface changes in this condition.

A Novel Deep Learning Model for Human Skeleton Estimation Using FMCW Radar

2025-06-23

Parma Hadi Rantelinggi , Xintong Shi , Mondher Bouazizi +1 more | Sensors

Human skeleton estimation using Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar is a promising approach for privacy-preserving motion analysis. However, the existing methods struggle with sparse radar point cloud data, leading to … Human skeleton estimation using Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar is a promising approach for privacy-preserving motion analysis. However, the existing methods struggle with sparse radar point cloud data, leading to inaccuracies in joint localization. To address this challenge, we propose a novel deep learning framework integrating convolutional neural networks (CNNs), multi-head transformers, and Bi-LSTM networks to enhance spatiotemporal feature representations. Our approach introduces a frame concatenation strategy that improves data quality before processing through the neural network pipeline. Experimental evaluations on the MARS dataset demonstrate that our model outperforms conventional methods by significantly reducing estimation errors, achieving a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.77 cm and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.92 cm while maintaining computational efficiency.

Usefulness of digital infrared thermography video using FLIR T560 in detecting hypothermia associated with complex regional pain syndrome type I: A CARE-compliant case report

2025-06-20

Yewon Jang , Sungho Kim , Min Cheol Chang | Medicine

Because the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) majorly relies on patients' subjective clinical complaints, CRPS can be overdiagnosed, underdiagnosed, or missed entirely in clinical practice. CRPS is related … Because the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) majorly relies on patients' subjective clinical complaints, CRPS can be overdiagnosed, underdiagnosed, or missed entirely in clinical practice. CRPS is related to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, which causes temperature changes in patients' skin. This case report evaluates the effectiveness of the FLIR T560 portable thermal imaging camera in detecting hypothermia associated with CRPS type I, potentially enhancing diagnostic accuracy. We present a 25-year-old female with pain and limited passive range of motion in all parts of her hands bilaterally for 7 months. The bilateral hand pain was aggravated by active and passive range of motion. Also, the patient had bilateral hyperesthesia and allodynia of her entire hands, and skin atrophy and hypohidrosis were observed on both hands. The skin color of both hands was relatively cyanotic. Stiffness was checked during the passive range of motion of her bilateral fingers. Additionally, mild motor weakness was checked on the finger flexor and extensor bilaterally. The patient was diagnosed with CRPS type I. The FLIR T560 was used to record thermal images in an insulated room, revealing a lower surface temperature (approximately 1°C-2°C difference), shown as less bright, on her bilateral hands and forearms compared with a normal subject. We administered Pregabalin 50 mg oral medication twice daily and the contrast bath. At 1-month-follow up, about 50% of her pain was reduced. We demonstrate that the FLIR T560 thermal imaging camera can show hypothermia on the hands bilaterally in CRPS type I, which can be helpful for the accurate diagnosis of CRPS. The FLIR T560 camera is a portable and convenient tool that may support the diagnosis of CRPS.

Enhancing foot deformation prediction using Graph Neural Networks

2025-06-20

Seoyeong Hwang , Haeun Yum , Ho-Hee Son +2 more | Footwear Science

Breast cancer detection by imaging techniques

2025-06-20

Wisam Abdulatif Jasim , Zainab Fadhil Muhssen | International Journal of Health Sciences

Several techqnieces were using in the latest year to improve for diagenesis Breast cancer because of increasing the states of cancer specially such as breast cancers. It is predominating with … Several techqnieces were using in the latest year to improve for diagenesis Breast cancer because of increasing the states of cancer specially such as breast cancers. It is predominating with high ratio for women. These states demand more researches for devlopments the instruments and equipment techniques to solve these major problems. These common global symptoms have become a real problem for the world. Breast cancer symptoms are not limited to women, but the incidence is much higher than that of men. Magnetic resonance imaging, X-rays, and other modern technologies have developed in the last period of this century. The study proposes an integrated imaging framework aimed at enhancing the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis and improving treatment strategies. The computational analysis with applections of algorathems finite elents methods and the use of invariant impeding techenes helps to Rapid development of key software used in nuclear radiation and magnetic field technologies has shown significant progress in serving humanity. The use of advanced counters such as the Gier-Muller, gaseous, semiconductor and hyperconductor counters has been and remains the main tool in developing digital software to obtain accurate diagnostic results.

Children's Height Prediction Based on the Optimization of the Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit Model by Convolutional Neural Networks

2025-06-20

Tingting Zhao , Zhimin Zheng , Panpan Zhang +2 more | Theoretical and Natural Science

This study aims at the problem of children's height prediction and proposes a fusion optimization model based on convolutional neural Network (CNN) and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU). By integrating … This study aims at the problem of children's height prediction and proposes a fusion optimization model based on convolutional neural Network (CNN) and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU). By integrating multi-dimensional physiological indicators such as children's family background and auxin levels, a temporal feature analysis framework was constructed, and systematic comparative experiments were conducted with mainstream regression models. The results show that the regression performances of each model present significant difference characteristics: The CNN-BiGRU model has made breakthrough progress in three core indicators: mean square error (MSE=5.093), coefficient of determination (R=0.996), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE=1.799%). Among them, the MSE value decreased by 81.7% compared with the suboptimal model decision tree (27.791). MAPE was 64.4% lower than XGBoost (5.054%), and R was close to the theoretical limit value, proving that this model has excellent data fitting ability and prediction stability. The experimental results not only provide quantitative analysis tools for the study of the mechanism of auxin action, but also establish a reliable prediction model for the clinical formulation of personalized height intervention plans, which has important practical value and scientific research significance in the field of children's health management.

Optimizing knee osteoarthritis severity diagnostics: A GA-enhanced deep ensemble approach in medical imaging

2025-06-19

Tat-Bao-Thien Nguyen , Truc-Phuong Nguyen-Duong | Ain Shams Engineering Journal

Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Analysis of Thermography to Diagnose Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

2025-06-19

Andrés N. Atamañuk , Ignacio Javier Gandino , Marcella Marquetti Miranda +7 more | JACC Advances

Selective and controllable mechanism of the temperature field in skin tissue under radiofrequency heating: finite element analysis and ex-vivo pig skin experiments

2025-06-18

Ping Zhu , Chao Xie , Kai Li +4 more | Journal of Thermal Biology

THE THERMAL SAFETY OF HIGH POWERED CLASS IV LASER ON FEMALE LATERO-POSTERIOR THIGHS: ANALYSIS WITH INFRA-RED THERMOGRAPHY

2025-06-18

L Santos , Osvaldo Soares de Araújo Júnior , Luíza Martins Faria +4 more | CIPEEX

Introduction: Photobiomodulation using Class 3B lasers has been used to treat esthetic and muscle-skeletal conditions for decades. Recently, High Powered Lasers (Class IV) have also been introduced to treat esthetic … Introduction: Photobiomodulation using Class 3B lasers has been used to treat esthetic and muscle-skeletal conditions for decades. Recently, High Powered Lasers (Class IV) have also been introduced to treat esthetic problems, it has raised reasonable criticism regarding safety and possible increases in skin temperature. The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible skin temperature changes after irradiatiation using Infra-red thermography. Methods: Twenty-five female and four male participants were enrolled in the study. After, skin temperature profiles of both side of the flanks were recorded using infra-red thermography before and 1,5 and 10 min after photobioodulation with a High Powered Class IV Laser with total energy of 1464 Joules (14.6 J/Cm2). Results: No significant changes in skin temperature were produced after laser irradiation with both probes in both groups of female and male participants. Conclusions: We conclude that Class IV Laser when applied in scanning mode to the male and female hip regions did not induce any temperature changes immediately after irradiation or after 1, 5 or 10 minutes. In the energy doses used in this protocol, the high-powered Class IV Laser was considered completely safe to use for treatment.

Comparative analysis of the accuracy of classification of electromyographic signals by second-order difference graphs for differentiating types of pain in the lower back

2025-06-18

Tatyana Zhemchuzhkina | Optoelectronic Information-Power Technologies

Low back pain is the main cause of disability. From the pathophysiological point of view, there are functional and dysfunctional types of pain. Functional pain has a specific organic cause … Low back pain is the main cause of disability. From the pathophysiological point of view, there are functional and dysfunctional types of pain. Functional pain has a specific organic cause in the form of direct tissue damage and activation of peripheral pain receptors or damage that affects the somatosensory system. Dysfunctional pain is formed as a result of neurodynamic disorders in the central nervous system. As a rule, when examining patients with dysfunctional pain, it is not possible to identify organic diseases that could explain the occurrence of the pain syndrome. This work is devoted to studying the possibilities of classification methods for differentiating functional and dysfunctional pain based on the second-order difference plot of the electromyographic signal. Electromyographic signals have extremely complex characteristics that resemble chaotic processes in nature. The second-order difference plot allows to analyze the degree of variability or chaos in a set of electromyographic data.

Non invasive ventilator assisted therapy for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its impact on lung function based on thermal infrared imaging

2025-06-18

Chunyu Wang , Jingping Xia | Journal of Thermal Biology

Thermographic and cognitive assessment of fatigue in vessel traffic service operators: a socio-technical approach

2025-06-18

Fernando Crestelo Moreno , John González , Juan Suardíaz Muro +1 more | Cognition Technology & Work

Effects of skin surface roughness on the passive and active thermographic detection of melanoma: A numerical analysis

2025-06-18

Hou Y. Mok , Ean Hin Ooi , Yeong Shiong Chiew +2 more | International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Design of forehead temperature gun not affected by ambient temperature

2025-06-18

Sin‐Daw Lin , H. Liu , Xiaopu Xu | Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences

In order to solve the problem that the infrared forehead thermometer is dependent on the ambient temperature, this study aims to use the integrated temperature compensation module to solve the … In order to solve the problem that the infrared forehead thermometer is dependent on the ambient temperature, this study aims to use the integrated temperature compensation module to solve the influence of the ambient temperature on the measurement of the forehead thermometer, and design a forehead thermometer that is not affected by the ambient temperature, while improving the accuracy of temperature measurement.

The Methods of Determining the Centre of Gravity of a Tilting Body on the Upper Ankle Joint and Weighing the Feet of a Living Human

2025-06-17

Jacek Dygut , Monika Piwowar | Applied Sciences

(1) Background: This paper focuses on the issue of examining the centre of gravity (CoG) of the entire body and its tilting segment at the upper ankle joint. (2) Methods: … (1) Background: This paper focuses on the issue of examining the centre of gravity (CoG) of the entire body and its tilting segment at the upper ankle joint. (2) Methods: A custom-built measuring station was used to determine the CoG of the tilting body, and measurements were carried out on six individuals. Based on the theory of torques, the general centre of gravity, the centre of gravity of the tilting segment and the centre of gravity of the feet were calculated. (3) Results: A novel method was developed for determining the CoG of a tilting body at the upper ankle joint and for indirectly “weighing” the feet of a living human. It was demonstrated that the general body CoG and the CoG of a tilting segment are two distinct points. Based on the developed method, the centres of gravity of individual body parts were determined.

On-skin, micro-lens enabled camera module for speckle contrast optical spectroscopy/tomography

2025-06-17

Andrés Quiroga , Lorenzo Cortese , Manish Verma +4 more | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

In this paper, we introduce a speckle contrast optical spectroscopy/tomography (SCOS/SCOT) configuration based on an integrated imaging approach exploiting 113 micro-objetives mounted on a commercial CMOS camera that operates without … In this paper, we introduce a speckle contrast optical spectroscopy/tomography (SCOS/SCOT) configuration based on an integrated imaging approach exploiting 113 micro-objetives mounted on a commercial CMOS camera that operates without fiber coupling, suitable for direct skin contact measurements and simultaneous multiple source-detector separation acquisitions. This compact system was validated ex vivo on phantoms and in vivo by monitoring the blood flow on the forearm muscle of a healthy human subject. The measurements, performed at multiple source-detector separations and camera exposure times, demonstrate excellent agreement with the theory based on the correlation-diffusion model. In vivo data demonstrate the capability of tracking pulsatile blood flow with a high signal-to-noise ratio (> 4 harmonics of the cardiac pulse frequency detected) and sensitivity to small changes in muscle blood flow. This microlens array-based design overcomes a key challenge towards wearable SCOS/SCOT devices.

IMPROVEMENT OF THERMAL IMAGING CAMERA FOR ASSESSING HEAT FLOW IN WORKPLACES

2025-06-17

A.S. Bielikov , Yu.E. Strezhekurov , Ognyan Todorov +1 more | Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture

Problem statement. In the modern world, where high technology and industrialization play a crucial role in many sectors, occupational safety and risk management in the workplace are becoming increasingly important … Problem statement. In the modern world, where high technology and industrialization play a crucial role in many sectors, occupational safety and risk management in the workplace are becoming increasingly important issues. One of the most critical aspects of occupational safety is the study and control of the harmful effects of excessive heat and thermal radiation in the workplace. Excessive heat and thermal radiation can have serious negative consequences for the health and safety of workers. They can cause heat stress, burns, acute and chronic illnesses, and also increase the risk of accidents in the workplace. Therefore, it is important to have proper measuring instruments and methodologies for measuring these parameters. This helps to enhance the effectiveness of research and ensure an adequate level of safety in the workplace. It also enables safety and risk management professionals and novices to select the appropriate instruments for research methodologies. There are specific challenges and issues related to temperature, radiation, and thermal loads in workplaces. Existing research instruments and methodologies may be insufficiently effective or fail to meet the needs of engineers and researchers for accurately determining the level of thermal impact. The main objectives include – comprehensive comparison of various devices, their technical capabilities, and settings for studying the excessive impact of heat and thermal radiation in the workplace. Conclusion. Radiometers and thermal cameras are similar devices; however, the difference lies in the fact that radiometers measure the intensity of radiation in the visible, infrared, and radio frequency ranges and generate numerical data that can be processed and used for analysis. In contrast, thermal cameras visually display on the screen only the distribution of infrared radiation from the surfaces of objects. Radiometers and thermal cameras have a similar function of measuring thermal radiation but are used for different tasks and situations. Semiconductor thermocouples and thermistors are components of complex digital measuring devices but can also be used as standalone external temperature sensors.

Annotating the X-ray diffraction pattern of vertebrate striated muscle

2025-06-16

Natalia A. Koubassova , Debabrata Dutta , Weikang Ma +4 more | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Low-angle X-ray diffraction is a powerful technique for analyzing the molecular structure of the myofilaments of striated muscle in situ. It has contributed greatly to our understanding of the relaxed, … Low-angle X-ray diffraction is a powerful technique for analyzing the molecular structure of the myofilaments of striated muscle in situ. It has contributed greatly to our understanding of the relaxed, 430-Å-repeating organization of myosin heads in thick filaments in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Using X-ray diffraction, changes in filament structure can be detected on the Å length scale and millisecond time scale, leading to models that are the foundation of our understanding of the structural basis of contraction. As with all X-ray fiber diffraction studies, interpretation requires modeling, which has previously been based on low-resolution knowledge of thick filament structure and is complicated by the contributions of multiple filament components to most X-ray reflections. Here, we use an atomic model of the human cardiac thick filament C-zone, derived from cryo-EM, to compute objectively the contributions of myosin heads, tails, titin, and cMyBP-C to the diffraction pattern, by including/excluding these components in the calculations. Our results support some previous interpretations but contradict others. We confirm that the myosin heads are responsible for most of the intensity on the myosin layer-lines, including the M3 meridional. Contrary to expectation, we find that myosin tails contribute little to the pattern, including the M6 meridional; this reflection arises mainly from heads and other components. The M11 layer line (39 Å spacing) arises mostly from the curved and kinked structure of titin, which allows eleven ~42-Å-long domains to fit into the 430 Å repeat. The M11 spacing can be used as a measure of strain in the myosin filament backbone as there is negligible head contribution. These insights should aid future understanding of the X-ray pattern of intact muscle in different conditions such as contraction and drug treatment.

P33 Differentiating malignant and healthy areas in isolated kidney samples through infrared visualization techniques

2025-06-16

Besarion Partsvania , Alexandre Khuskivadze , S. Abazadze +1 more | European Urology Open Science

Effect of Aerobic and Balancing Exercises on Anxiety and Dizziness in Patients with Covid-19

2025-06-16

Ahmed A. Abd El Rahim , Khalid Turkey , Hany M. Elgohary +3 more | Journal of Neonatal Surgery

Background: The pathogen that causes COVID-19 is identified as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the pathogen that triggered the global pandemic., has emerged as a significant threat … Background: The pathogen that causes COVID-19 is identified as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the pathogen that triggered the global pandemic., has emerged as a significant threat to global health, infecting over half a million people worldwide and resulting in numerous fatalities. Individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 frequently experience increased anxiety and disrupted sleep patterns as a result of isolation and medical treatment. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the impact of aerobic and balance exercises on anxiety and dizziness in post-COVID-19 patients. Subjects: The study involved 30 post-COVID-19 patients aged 45 to 65 years, experiencing anxiety and dizziness. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups and selected from the outpatient clinic at General Sohag Hospital. Methods: Group (A): The program included 15 patients who participated in aerobic exercises, balance training, and relaxation techniques over a four-week period, attending sessions three times per week. Group (B): Comprised 15 patients who performed only relaxation exercises focused on physical relaxation for the same duration and frequency. All participants underwent assessments both before and after the intervention using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Berg Balance Scale, and by measuring respiratory function through maximum voluntary ventilation. Results: Both groups (A and B) showed significant improvements when comparing pre- and post-treatment assessments.demonstrated a notable reduction in anxiety and dizziness, along with a significant increase in maximum voluntary ventilation following the 4-week training period. After treatment, the mean scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were 17.2 ± 1.74 for Group A and 21.73 ± 1.44 for Group B. The mean scores on the Berg Balance Scale were 26.67 ± 5.73 for Group A and 22.2 ± 3.59 for Group B. Additionally, the mean values of maximum voluntary ventilation were 117.2 ± 16.74 for Group A and 108.13 ± 16.25 for Group B. However, participants in Group A, Participants who engaged in aerobic and balance exercises alongside relaxation techniques experienced a significantly greater decrease in anxiety and dizziness, along with a notable improvement in maximum voluntary ventilation (P < 0.001) compared to Group B. Conclusion: Aerobic and balance exercises, combined with relaxation techniques, are an effective approach to managing anxiety and dizziness in post-COVID-19 patients.

Study on thermal analysis in multi-layer skin’s tissues induced by multiple pulse-laser irradiations

2025-06-14

Mohsan Hassan , Edrisa Jawo , Alpha Kargbo | The European Physical Journal Plus

Abstract P2-09-12: A Public Health Initiative To Enhance Screening Mammography (MMG) In Northeast Argentina Utilizing A Novel Thermal Screening Device & Breast Cancer Risk Assessment

2025-06-13

Karina Maidana , Nickolas Stabellini , Jorge Cervantes Salazar +2 more | Clinical Cancer Research

Abstract Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality in Argentina, with approximately 30% of cases diagnosed at an advanced stage. MMG is the cornerstone of BC … Abstract Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality in Argentina, with approximately 30% of cases diagnosed at an advanced stage. MMG is the cornerstone of BC screening; however, many obstacles remain. Many women either opt out or have poor access to screening MMG. Given these challenges, changes are needed. We hypothesized that empowering primary care providers to stratify patients (pts) based on BC risk & imaging urgency would enhance MMG rates. Methods: A public health initiative was implemented in Corrientes, Argentina—the province with the 3rd highest BC incidence in the country. The initiative incorporated the use of Celbrea® (CEL) a single-use class I breast medical device designed to detect asymmetric temperature changes, FDA and ANMAT-cleared as an additional clinical support tool for breast disease detection (86% sensitivity, 87% specificity). The program adopted a prioritization system using BC risk assessment and CEL results. Pts at high risk for breast cancer and with a significant CEL result had the highest priority and underwent MMG within ≤2 weeks. Those at high risk with a non-significant CEL result, or average risk and significant CEL result, had intermediate screening priority, with a screening MMG performed within &lt;2 months. Pts with average breast cancer risk and non-significant CEL had the lowest screening priority, with MMG performed within ≤12 months. Results: 10,343 pts underwent CEL use, with 712 positive tests. The median age for the entire cohort was 43 [interquartile range (IQR) 34-52]. Other baseline demographic factors (IQR): median BMI: 28.2 (24.6-32.4); current smoker: 13%; daily alcohol intake: 16%; median age of menarche: 13 (12-14); prior childbirth: 83%; median age first childbirth: 21 (18-25); % menopause: 32%; median age of menopause: 48 (43-50); family history of breast or ovarian cancer: 38%; dense breasts: 17%. The prior MMG rate was 41.8% (67.6% in pts with MMG officially recommended [n=3,532]), while 9.2% and 20.9% had MMG in the last 12 and 24 months (14.9% and 35.3% in pts with MMG officially recommended), respectively. In June-Dec 2022, 2,437 MMGs were performed. In Jun-Dec 2023, following implementation, the number increased to 4,127 (69% increase; p=0.008). Conclusions: Baseline BC risk assessment and Celbrea® utilization for prioritizing MMG screening, led to a significant increase in screening MMG rates. This initiative encouraged many women at higher BC risk, who had never undergone a screening MMG, to have their first screening. Further prospective follow-up is warranted. Citation Format: Karina Maidana, Nickolas Stabellini, Jorge Salazar, Jaime Pira, Alberto J. Montero. A Public Health Initiative To Enhance Screening Mammography (MMG) In Northeast Argentina Utilizing A Novel Thermal Screening Device & Breast Cancer Risk Assessment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2024; 2024 Dec 10-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-09-12.

Abstract P2-04-20: Advances and Detection Methods of Metachronous Bilateral Breast Cancer Detection Using AI-Assisted Mammography for Japanese women

2025-06-13

Mio Adachi , Toshiyuki Ishiba , Tomoyuki Fujioka +7 more | Clinical Cancer Research

Abstract Background: Patients after unilateral breast cancer(BC) are at higher risk for bilateral BC. After unilateral BC, diagnosis by mammography (MG) is more difficult because the lack of comparison with … Abstract Background: Patients after unilateral breast cancer(BC) are at higher risk for bilateral BC. After unilateral BC, diagnosis by mammography (MG) is more difficult because the lack of comparison with contralateral side. In this study, we examined the diagnostic status of metachronous bilateral BC and tested whether the artificial intelligence (AI) system in MG can detect BC correctly or at an earlier than human diagnose.Methods: The subjects were patients who underwent metachronous bilateral BC surgery between 2014 and 2022. We reviewed the medical records retrospectively. The AI system is FxMammo🄬 (FathomX Pte Ltd, Singapore). FxMammo🄬 is based on deep learning and has been put into practical use in some countries. The AI was created by collecting 17,769 cases (of which 45% were malignant) from 10 institutions in Asia. Our institution was involved in the development of the system. The AI system analyzed four MG images (craniocaudal [CC], mediolateral oblique [MLO], left and right) The AI system indicated the probability of malignancy for each of imaging s as a percentage. The threshold value was set as 40.0 %, (Sensitivity was set at 91.5 %and specificity was 82.0%). In addition, region of interest was displayed in color on a heat map. Results: Among the 1101 patients who underwent surgery, there were 36 cases of metachronous bilateral BC. Twenty cases (56%) were detected during postoperative surveillance for BC, 9 cases (25%) by subjective symptoms, 3 cases (8%) by screening, and 4 cases (11%) during follow-up for other diseases. Of the cases detected by subjective symptoms, except in one case, more than 10 years had passed since the initial surgery at the time of diagnosis of the contralateral BC. In 22 cases (61%), lesions were noted in both MG and ultrasonography (US), in 2 cases (5%) only in MG, and in 10 cases (28%) only in US. One case (3%) had no lesions in both MG and US and underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-guided biopsy. One case (3%) had a preoperative diagnosis of Paget's disease with no abnormality and final pathology was ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We used the AI system to examine MG in 10 patients who were undergoing surveillance at our hospital after partial resection for unilateral BC. The AI system diagnosed 6 of 10 cases (60%) as malignant. In 2 of these cases (20%), the radiologists diagnosed no malignancy. The AI system also diagnosed malignant in the year prior to the diagnosis of malignancy in these 2 cases. In both cases, small invasive carcinomas were found within extensive DCIS. Of the 4 cases that the AI system diagnosed as not possibly malignant, in 1 case the radiologists diagnosed malignant with MLO only. In 3 of the 10 cases, both the AI system and radiologists diagnosed MG with no malignancy.Conclusions: Although postoperative unilateral BC is considered a high risk for birateral BC, some cases were detected by physical examinations. While MG is recommended for postoperative surveillance, there were cases that could be identified by only US. There was one case in which only MRI was effective. In some cases, the AI system diagnosed malignant even when the radiologists diagnosed no malignancy. This AI system has the potential to detect contralateral breast cancer earlier and accurately. Citation Format: Mio Adachi, Toshiyuki Ishiba, Tomoyuki Fujioka, Sakiko Maryua, Kumiko Hayashi, Leona Katsuta, Yuichi Kumaki, Emi Yamaga, Du Hao, Mikael Hartman, Feng Mengling, Goshi Oda. Advances and Detection Methods of Metachronous Bilateral Breast Cancer Detection Using AI-Assisted Mammography for Japanese women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2024; 2024 Dec 10-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-04-20.

Abstract P4-04-18: AI based Thermalytix for management of Breast Pain in Primary Care

2025-06-13

Siva Teja Kakileti , Geetha Manjunath | Clinical Cancer Research

Abstract Introduction: Breast pain is the most common breast complaint presented to general practitioners (GPs) and the leading cause of referrals to breast units. Although the correlation between breast pain … Abstract Introduction: Breast pain is the most common breast complaint presented to general practitioners (GPs) and the leading cause of referrals to breast units. Although the correlation between breast pain and breast cancer is low, the high volume of these referrals often results in over-investigation, potentially delaying the diagnosis and treatment of women with actual breast cancer. Thermalytix is an artificial intelligence-based breast imaging tool that uses advanced machine learning over high resolution thermal scans to generate a breast cancer risk score (B-Score). In this study, we assess whether Thermalytix can be utilized to effectively manage patients presenting with breast pain, thereby reducing subjectivity in referrals to upstream diagnostic pathways. Methodology: This is a post-hoc analysis of data from prior clinical studies of Thermalytix, involving a total of 1187 women. The reference standard was the final diagnosis obtained from the available reports of mammography, ultrasound, and biopsy. Exclusion criteria included women below 18 years of age, women with a history of breast cancer, and those pregnant or lactating. For this analysis, women presenting with breast pain alone as a complaint was used as inclusion criterion. The performance of Thermalytix was evaluated within this subset of the population using B-Score for triaging. Further, we estimated the optimal criterion for vascular score (an output generated by Thermalytix to characterize the vascular asymmetry in the breasts) for improving B-score computation of Thermalytix using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Of the 1187 women, 157 (13.2%) women had reported pain alone as a complaint. Of these 157 women, 13 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. Thermalytix resulted in a sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV of 76.9%, 85.4%, 97.6%, and 32.3% respectively, using B-Score. When the vascularity criterion is set to the optimal point at Youden’s Index, the sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV were 92.3%, 80.6%, 99.1% and 30%, respectively. Conclusion: Currently, management of women presenting with breast pain complaints in primary care requires clinical judgement towards a 2 week wait time. In this paper, we present a non-invasive imaging tool called Thermalytix that can be used for triaging women with breast pain in an objective manner. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Dr. Deepak Kumar and Dr. Sanjiv Ahluwalia for their valuable discussions and feedback on this study. Citation Format: Siva Teja Kakileti, Geetha Manjunath. AI based Thermalytix for management of Breast Pain in Primary Care [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2024; 2024 Dec 10-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-04-18.

Abstract P2-01-20: Impact of Exercise on Immune Biomarkers in Benign Breast Tissue from Women with High Mammographic Breast Density (MBD)

2025-06-13

Jennifer A. Ligibel , Douglas Russo , Kun Huang +7 more | Clinical Cancer Research

Abstract Background: Increased physical activity (PA) is associated with lower risk of all subtypes of breast cancer in both pre- and post-menopausal women, but the biological mechanisms through which PA … Abstract Background: Increased physical activity (PA) is associated with lower risk of all subtypes of breast cancer in both pre- and post-menopausal women, but the biological mechanisms through which PA impacts breast carcinogenesis are not well understood. Methods: We conducted a single-arm pilot study to evaluate the impact of an aerobic and strength training PA intervention on tissue biomarkers in inactive women at increased risk of breast cancer due to the presence of increased mammographic breast density (MBD). Eligibility criteria included having at least 50% MBD (BIRADS C or D); engaging in &lt;90 minutes per week of moderate or vigorous PA (MVPA); age &lt;60 years; no concurrent use of hormone replacement therapy, oral/implantable birth control agents, or chemoprevention for breast cancer; and no prior history of breast cancer. Participants (pts) took part in a 12-week aerobic and strength-training intervention including 2 supervised exercise sessions and 1+ session of home-based aerobic exercise. Pts underwent biopsy of benign breast tissue at baseline and 12-weeks of mirror-image sites in opposite breasts. Biopsies were timed to coincide with the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in pre-menopausal participants. Areas of interest (AOIs) were marked from terminal ductal lobular units (TDLU’s), ductal epithelium, and stroma by a breast pathologist and by staining for pan-keratin and CD45. RNA-sequencing of the AOIs was performed using GeoMx platform. Changes over time between pre- and post-intervention biopsies were evaluated using paired t-tests on average (per patient) immune cell type abundances that were estimated from gene expressions using the GeomxTools R package. All p-values were adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. Single cell spatial analysis targeting 20 immune and proliferative markers was performed using Co-detection by indexing (CODEX), a multiplexed imaging method, in 11 paired biopsies with sufficient tissue remaining after gene expression analysis. Analysis included cell segmentation and clustering with deconvolution of cellular populations followed by comparisons between matched samples pre and post exercise. Comparisons differences in number and density of cellular populations, cell-cell interactions and cell neighborhoods. Results: Thirty pts were enrolled between 10/2018 and 11/2019. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 3 participants did not undergo a week-12 biopsy and 1 additional patient was lost to follow up for non-COVID related reasons, leaving 26 participants with paired pre- and post-intervention tissue. Average age of study pts was 47.6 (±5.7) years, average BMI was 29.2 (±6.3) kg/m2, and median minutes of MVPA at baseline was 72.5 (range 0-360). Pts attended an average of 20.4 of 24 exercise training sessions (85% adherence) and increased exercise by a median of 92.5 minutes/week (range -140 to 700). Cell abundance based on gene expression data showed increased CD8+ memory T cells (mean difference (MD)=1.34, standard error (SE)=0.85), neutrophils (MD=2.25, SE=0.83), and NK cells (MD=1.18,SE=0.57) in the epithelium (N=11 patients) and increased neutrophils (MD=1.00, SE=0.33) in the stroma (N=10 patients) after the 12-week exercise intervention at a 25% FDR threshold. Details of the CODEX analysis will also be presented. Conclusions: In this single-arm pilot study exploring the impact of an exercise intervention on biomarkers in benign breast tissue in women at increased risk of breast cancer due to elevated MBD, there was evidence of immune changes in post-exercise tissue samples, providing some of the first evidence that exercise could impact gene expression in benign breast tissue. This work provides a foundation for further work exploring the potential pathways through which exercise could prevent breast cancer in at-risk populations. Citation Format: Jennifer Ligibel, Douglas Russo, Kun Huang, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, Anna Tanasijevic, Tari A. King, Judy Garber, Myles Brown, Stuart Schnitt, Kornelia Polyak, Rinath Jeselsohn. Impact of Exercise on Immune Biomarkers in Benign Breast Tissue from Women with High Mammographic Breast Density (MBD) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2024; 2024 Dec 10-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-20.

Predicting the Impact of Air Quality Index on Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity

2025-06-13

Ahmad Alsaber , Adeeba Al‐Herz , Maryam Salah Al-Mazedi +6 more | Arthritis Care & Research

Aim and objective This study explored the relationship between air pollution and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), focusing on how specific air quality components affect RA disease activity as measured by Disease … Aim and objective This study explored the relationship between air pollution and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), focusing on how specific air quality components affect RA disease activity as measured by Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28). Methods The research involved Data were obtained from six air‐monitoring stations across Kuwait, and RA patient information was obtained from the Kuwait Registry for Rheumatic Diseases (KRRD). This study analyzed the impact of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), particulate matter (PM₁₀), nitrogen oxide (NO), and carbon monoxide (CO) on the DAS28. Results The results highlighted that NO₂ and O₃ were the most significant air quality index (AQI) components influencing DAS28 scores. NO₂ had a lag effect of two months (p < 0.01, effect score = 0.43), while O₃ exhibited a lag effect of three months (p < 0.05, effect score = 0.31), both correlating with increased RA disease activity. The study utilized a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and co‐integration analysis to examine short‐ and long‐term associations between predicted and actual DAS28 scores was corrected over the following year, indicating that strong long‐term cointegration with the Error Correction (EC1) term was negative and significant (‐0.54, p < 0.001). Conclusions These findings emphasize the importance of air quality management in mitigating the impact of environmental factors on RA, suggesting that exposure to elevated levels of NO₂ and O 3 beyond regulatory standards could exacerbate RA symptoms. This study provides a foundation for future public health interventions aimed at improving disease prognosis in patients with RA by addressing environmental factors, such as air pollution.

View Fusion Contrast Network for Human Pose Motion Tracking

2025-06-13

Y. Chen , Jie Ren , Luo Chun-lin | International Journal of Image and Graphics

Based on the application requirements in various fields such as intelligent human–computer interaction and video surveillance, human pose and motion tracking technology has gradually become an important application in everyday … Based on the application requirements in various fields such as intelligent human–computer interaction and video surveillance, human pose and motion tracking technology has gradually become an important application in everyday life. Due to the planar nature of human pose and motion images, tracking performance is poor. Therefore, we propose a view fusion contrast network for human pose and motion tracking. First, we employ field-based methods to remove duplicate data, and use interpolation, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Expectation–Maximization methods to fill in missing data. We normalize data with mean-variance normalization to preprocess human pose and motion information and generate visual images. Then, we analyze the geometric relationships of human pose and motion images from different multi-view images using computer vision and image processing techniques, fuse multi-view images, establish a world coordinate system, convert planar information into spatial information, and extract human pose points through binary feature exclusive OR operations. Finally, we construct positive and negative samples using contrastive learning to recognize and locate similar images, thus achieving human pose and motion tracking. Experimental results show that, compared to traditional methods, this method achieves superior tracking performance in multiple evaluation metrics, including angle dispersion, intersection-over-union (IoU). The mean angle dispersion value is 0.12, the IoU is close to 0.5. These results indicate that this method holds practical application value for human pose and motion tracking.

Impact of sensory organization tasks on prefrontal cortex activity in older women: a comparative fNIRS study of osteoarthritis and healthy aging

2025-06-13

Alka Bishnoi , Yang Hu , Manuel E. Hernandez | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent musculoskeletal condition, is associated with an increased risk of falls. Maintaining posture relies on visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive inputs, but these systems can be compromised … Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent musculoskeletal condition, is associated with an increased risk of falls. Maintaining posture relies on visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive inputs, but these systems can be compromised due to aging or disease, heightening fall risk. Such impairments may result from neuromuscular decline and reduced cognitive or visuospatial processing abilities. This study aimed to investigate prefrontal cortical (PFC) activation patterns during clinical sensory organization tasks (SOT) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in older women with OA and healthy controls (HOA). We hypothesized that PFC activation would increase as SOT conditions became more challenging, but that increases would be limited in OA, relative to HOA, given a decreased attentional capacity due to chronic pain. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 10 women with OA (65.7 ± 3.01 years) and 11 HOA (66.0 ± 4.86 years). Baseline cognitive and motor assessments preceded three trials of six SOT conditions. Results Significant differences between groups in BMI, WOMAC pain score, repeated chair stand, and TUG scores were found ( p &lt; 0.001). Linear mixed-model analysis revealed significant effects of condition (CND; p &lt; 0.001), trial (TR; p &lt; 0.0001), and interactions between CND * TR ( p &lt; 0.01) and Cohort * CND ( p &lt; 0.01) on PFC activation. Discussion In conclusion, both groups demonstrated increased PFC activation with task difficulty. However, OA participants exhibited diminished capacity to recruit additional attentional resources compared to HOA, emphasizing the need for further research with larger cohorts to elucidate these findings.

Abstract P2-06-16: Addressing Thermal and Battery Efficiency in AI Enhanced Portable Ultrasound Screening Protocols for Breast Cancer

2025-06-13

Nusrat Zaman Zemi , Dustin Valdez , Arianna Bunnell +1 more | Clinical Cancer Research

Abstract Background: Breast cancer remains a significant cause of mortality in women, especially in rural and underserved communities where access to mammography is limited or nonexistent. The incidence of advanced-stage … Abstract Background: Breast cancer remains a significant cause of mortality in women, especially in rural and underserved communities where access to mammography is limited or nonexistent. The incidence of advanced-stage breast cancer is 66% higher in Hawaii than in the mainland US, and 5 – 9 times higher in the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI). AI-enhanced point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) breast imaging may be an effective method for detecting breast cancer while still in the early stages. The hypothesis is that AI detection and classification algorithms will increase the accuracy of POCUS such that it would approach that of mammography. Further, it may reduce the training levels needed to do the early detection POCUS scanning. One such candidate device is portable, wireless, and provides an SDK for inserting AI models before presenting the image to the user. We have been exploring a suitable protocol for using this POCUS device in remote conditions where infrastructure may be limited. Further, we asked if the portable battery-operated scanner could keep up with a scanning rate of 2 patients per hour for an indefinite amount of time. In this study, we seek to identify the performance parameters that need to be considered to use this and other POCUS systems in rural, remote, and underserved communities. Methods: The POCUS system consists of a portable handheld scanner (Clarius L7 HD3 model; Clarius Mobile Health Inc, Vancouver, Canada), a tablet computer (Samsung Galaxy Tab S9 Ultra; Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, South Korea), and a laptop (Dell XPS 15 running Windows 11; Dell Inc., Texas, US). The scanner communicates with the tablet and laptop via an ad hoc WIFI connection. A breast phantom (Gphantom, EDM Medical Solutions, Florida, US) was scanned continuously for 10 minutes, followed by a 20-minute charging period, and repeated. Pretrained AI models were inserted into the image stream using the Cast API. Scanner temperature and battery levels were monitored to determine their time characteristics utilizing the Clarius app. Longer scan and charging periods were used as well to capture the full extent of heating, cooling, and charging cycles. Probe temperature and charging/discharging characteristics were fit to exponential functions.Results: The system was able to operate for 24 minutes continuously before hitting a thermal protection temperature of 48°C. The probe was able to fully recharge from 0 to 100% within 60 minutes. For the 2-patient-per-hour protocol, the probe was able to regain its starting charge and temperature for back to back phantom scans over 4 hours. Time constants were found to be 16.1 minutes for temperature increase and 49.6 minutes for battery discharge. The user found it difficult to hold the probe for temperatures above 42°C. A shorter time between scans may not be feasible but being tested.Conclusion: The findings show that the device can be used continuously for at least two patients per hour with 10 minutes of continuous scanning followed by 20 minutes of charging. However, the operating temperature of the probe is quite high and it may be difficult to handle. Healthcare workers can optimize usage protocol to maximize functional time without frequent recharging in remote areas. Future work will focus on refining AI models for real-time applications and exploring alternative devices with better thermal performance. Citation Format: Nusrat Zaman Zemi, Dustin Valdez, Arianna Bunnell, John Shepherd. Addressing Thermal and Battery Efficiency in AI Enhanced Portable Ultrasound Screening Protocols for Breast Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2024; 2024 Dec 10-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-06-16.

Abstract P4-07-02: Concordance rate of 99mTc and ICG/near-infrared light detected sentinel-symphnodes in primary breast cancer

2025-06-13

Peter Kern , Bittner Ann-Kathrin , Kräuff Rainer +2 more | Clinical Cancer Research

Abstract Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) by 99mTechnetium +/- patent blue has been long-time standard in SLN detection. However, the lack of nuclear sources, limited availability of nuclear medicine … Abstract Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) by 99mTechnetium +/- patent blue has been long-time standard in SLN detection. However, the lack of nuclear sources, limited availability of nuclear medicine departments in some health providers and cost issues have led to the development of other techniques. ICG labelling and detection by near-infrared light is one of these techniques which empower surgeons to schedule their surgery independently from these prerequisites. Patients and methods: We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the concordance rate of ICG-fluorescence and 99mTc for sentinel lymph node detection of primary breast cancer. Patients, aged 18 - 80 years, with unilateral or bilateral, unifocal or multifocal/ multicentric primary breast cancer without signs of metastases were eligible for this study. ECOG status of 0-2 and life expectancy &gt; 1 year was required. Tumor stages included are a) Tis (&gt;= 4 cm) b) T1 c) T2 and d) T3. We applied both sentinel lymph node labelling (99 mTc and ICG) in the same patient and compared the concordance of both methods. Results: 275 pateints were elgible for interims analysis. For the first sentinel lymph node, we detected a concordance rate for both methods of 91,7 % , for the second sentinel lymphnode 81 %. 3 and 6 additional SLN were detected as first and second SLN by ICG which would not have been detected by 99mTc. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, all sentinel lymphnodes have been detected by ICG. Conclusion: SLNB by ICG near-infrared light is a valid alternative for radioactive labelled SLN, however does reveal different SLNs as the second SLN: After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, ICG was able to detect all SLNs. Citation Format: Peter Kern, Bittner Ann-Kathrin, Kimmig Rainer, Mokas Stefanos, Hoffmann Oliver. Concordance rate of 99mTc and ICG/near-infrared light detected sentinel-symphnodes in primary breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2024; 2024 Dec 10-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-07-02.

Wearable device for axillary lymph node screening in breast cancer based on infrared thermography and artificial intelligence

2025-06-12

Xiaoying Zhong , Jinqiu Deng , Lu Ping +4 more | Breast Cancer Research

Infrared Thermography Anomaly Detection Using VAESIMCA Approach

2025-06-12

A. Petersen , Mikkel Brabrand , Sergey Kucheryavskiy | Sensing and Imaging

Abstract Infrared thermography is a non-invasive imaging technology that detects spatial thermal patterns. It is widely used for identifying diseases and other health abnormalities as many of them result in … Abstract Infrared thermography is a non-invasive imaging technology that detects spatial thermal patterns. It is widely used for identifying diseases and other health abnormalities as many of them result in variation of the thermal body response, which makes the technology attractive due to speed, low cost, and simplicity of the imaging procedure. However, analysis of such images is not trivial and relies on either human expertise or semiautomatic algorithms based on thermal gradients. Deep learning can solve this problem efficiently, however most of the deep learning-based methods currently developed for thermographic image analysis are based on discrimination models and hence require a large amount of labeled data for both healthy and unhealthy classes. The issue can be overcome by using anomaly detection methods based on Variational Autoencoder (VAEs) architecture. VAESIMCA is an anomaly detection method, which combines the capabilities of VAE and statistical methods for defining the anomaly detection rules based on the target class only utilized in Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy (SIMCA). In this paper the method was applied for classification of thermographic images based on two open-access datasets resulting in a strong performance with 95–100% efficiency. The paper covers both theoretical and practical aspects of using VAESIMCA for thermographic images as well as reports on the classification results in detail.

Design and Implementation of a Real-Time CNN-Based Web Platform for Automated Skin Disease Diagnosis

2025-06-07

Pratik Nagargoje | International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology

Abstract: Skin diseases continue to be one of the most frequently reported health concerns worldwide, significantly impacting quality of life and incurring high healthcare costs. In rural and underserved regions, … Abstract: Skin diseases continue to be one of the most frequently reported health concerns worldwide, significantly impacting quality of life and incurring high healthcare costs. In rural and underserved regions, the shortage of dermatologists and diagnostic infrastructure compounds the burden. The proposed research presents an advanced, real-time, web-based diagnostic system leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for automated classification of common dermatological conditions. Using a robust dataset of over 8,000 labeled skin disease images across nine disease classes, the ResNet50 CNN model was trained and optimized with modern preprocessing and augmentation techniques. The model was converted to TensorFlow Lite (TFLite) for enhanced portability and faster inference. The system is deployed via a Flask-based REST API, containerized using Docker, and exposed through a mobile-responsive frontend with webcam support and image upload features. Special emphasis is placed on accessibility, speed, privacy, and offline capabilities. Usability studies with non-technical users showed strong acceptance and fast learning curves, affirming the system's potential in telehealth and public health settings. This paper makes a strong case for AI-driven dermatological diagnostics, extending machine learning beyond theoretical models into actionable healthcare tools.

Terahertz Mie scattering in tissue: diffuse polarimetric imaging and Monte Carlo validation in highly attenuating media models

2025-06-04

Eric J. Heller , Kuangyi Xu , Zachery B. Harris +1 more | Journal of Biomedical Optics

Changes in the structure of tissue occur in many disease processes, such as the boundaries of cancerous tumors and burn injuries. Spectroscopic and polarimetric alterations of terahertz light caused by … Changes in the structure of tissue occur in many disease processes, such as the boundaries of cancerous tumors and burn injuries. Spectroscopic and polarimetric alterations of terahertz light caused by Mie scattering patterns have the potential to be a diagnostic marker. We present an analysis of Monte Carlo simulation of Mie scattering of polarized terahertz light from cancerous tumor budding, compare the simulation with experimental results obtained in phantom models, and present an analysis of a polarization-sensitive terahertz scan of an ex vivo porcine burn injury. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we modeled the changes in diffuse intensity and degree of polarization of broadband off-specular terahertz light due to scattering particles in highly attenuating tissue. We extracted the Mueller matrix of the tissue using this model and analyzed the Lu-Chipman product decomposition matrices. We compared this model with experimental data from four phantoms consisting of polypropylene particles of varying sizes embedded in gelatin. Finally, we induced a full-thickness burn injury in ex vivo porcine skin samples and compared experimental data captured over burned and healthy regions of the tissue. Simulation revealed contrast in the Stokes vectors and Mueller Matrix elements for varying scattering particle sizes. Experimental phantom results showed contrast between different sizes of scattering particles in degree of polarization and diffuse intensity in agreement with Monte Carlo simulation results. Finally, we demonstrated a similar diffused imaging signal contrast between burned and healthy regions of ex vivo porcine skin. Polarimetric terahertz imaging has the potential to detect structural changes due to biological disease processes.