Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation

Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses

Works Count: 30218

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This cluster of papers focuses on the illegal trade and conservation issues related to parrots, including topics such as parrot poaching, wildlife trafficking, invasive species, state-corporate crime, ecological harm, and nest competition. It explores the challenges and impacts of parrot poaching on endangered species and the broader ecosystem.

Keywords

Parrot Poaching; Illegal Wildlife Trade; Conservation Criminology; Environmental Crimes; Invasive Species; State-Corporate Crime; Ecological Harm; Wildlife Trafficking; Nest Competition; Endangered Species

Crimes against nature: environmental criminology and ecological justice

2009-07-01

Richard White

Environmental issues dominate media headlines today and are forcing many people to re-evaluate their day-to-day practices as citizens, as workers, as parents and as members of communities. So, too, concern … Environmental issues dominate media headlines today and are forcing many people to re-evaluate their day-to-day practices as citizens, as workers, as parents and as members of communities. So, too, concern about the environment is now starting to have greater resonance within the criminal justice field, albeit in a still fairly modest fashion. Within this context of social and professional concern about environmental matters we have also seen in recent years the emergence of a distinctly 'green' criminology. The aim of this book is to consider the key concerns, concepts and conundrums of environmental or green criminology. The intention is to explore and to question, to initiate and to summarise, to provoke and to stimulate. The book as a whole is meant to develop further this particular approach to criminological study. The book is based on work undertaken specifically on environmental crime over the last fifteen years or so. It incorporates current research and scholarship that spans diverse disciplines and fields. It is also based on an appreciation that there are pressing issues that ought to be of more central concern to criminologists. Hence the book offers something 'old', something 'new', and a guide to that which still requires critical scrutiny and practical action. The book deals with specific issues that pertain to the nature of and responses to environmental harm. These particular crimes against nature include a wide variety of transgressions against humans, against environments, and against nonhuman animals. The book also deals with broad agendas, in the sense of trying to apply and generate conceptual understandings of harm, victimisation, law enforcement and social regulation that are relevant for a criminological approach to environmental issues. The combination of, and dialectic between, practical example and theoretical conceptualisation is essential to mapping out the terrain occupied by green criminology.

State Crime: Governments, Violence and Corruption

2007-07-01

Penelope Green , Tony Ward

Gangsters, warlords and governments corruption and state power states and trans-national crime state-corporate crime natural disasters criminal policing torture and punishment war crimes genocide. Gangsters, warlords and governments corruption and state power states and trans-national crime state-corporate crime natural disasters criminal policing torture and punishment war crimes genocide.

Beyond Criminology: Taking Harm Seriously

2004-01-01

Paddy Hillyard , Christina Pantazis , Steve Tombs +1 more

1 Introduction 2 Beyond criminology? - Paddy Hillyard and Steve Tombs 3 Towards a political economy of harm: states, corporations and the production of inequality - Paddy Hillyard and Steve … 1 Introduction 2 Beyond criminology? - Paddy Hillyard and Steve Tombs 3 Towards a political economy of harm: states, corporations and the production of inequality - Paddy Hillyard and Steve Tombs 4 Violence in democratic societies: towards an analytic framework - Jamil Salmi 5 A theory of moral indifference: understanding the production of harm by capitalist society - Simon Pemberton 6 State harms - Tony Ward 7 Re-orientating miscarriages of justice - Michael Naughton 8 The victimised state and the mystification of social harm - Joe Sim 9 The war on migration - Frances Webber 10 Workplace injury and death: social harm and the illusions of law - Steve Tombs 11 Prime suspect: murder in Britain - Danny Dorling 12 Gendering harm through a life course perspective - Christina Pantazis 13 Heterosexuality as harm: fitting in - Lois Bibbings 14 Children and the concept of harm - Roy Parker 15 Poverty, death and disease - Dave Gordon 16 Conclusion Notes on Contributors Index

The Oxford Handbook of Criminology

2017-08-31

Mike Maguire , Rodney Morgan , Robert Reiner

As the most comprehensive and authoritative single volume on the subject, the sixth edition of the acclaimed <italic>Oxford Handbook of Criminology</italic> is a completely revised collection of 44 essays by … As the most comprehensive and authoritative single volume on the subject, the sixth edition of the acclaimed <italic>Oxford Handbook of Criminology</italic> is a completely revised collection of 44 essays by leading authors in the field. It is organized into four sections: Constructions of crime and justice; Borders, boundaries, and beliefs; Dynamics of crime and violence; and Responses to crime. Criminology is expanding its borders, and seeking new answers to questions of crime and punishment, citizenship, and democratic living, including issues of state crime and globalisation. Some of the newest areas of study in criminology include migration, asylum, and the integration of global populations following war or famine; privacy and the governance of ‘big data;’ and the privatisation of justice and security. All of these topics, as well as classic questions of the causes and consequences of crime, receive attention here. The new editors have also made room for greater inclusiveness and diversity, with a wider range of newer scholars taking account of new developments in the field such as zemiology and green criminology, as well as previously neglected themes such as domestic violence and sex work. The chapters contain extensive references to aid further research, and the book is accompanied by an online resource centre featuring: selected chapters from previous editions; guidance on answering essay questions; practice essay questions; web links; and figures and tables from the text.

Trusted criminals: white collar crime in contemporary society

1996-09-01

David O. Friedrichs

TRUSTED CRIMINALS: WHITE COLLAR CRIME IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY is a comprehensive guide that covers topics ranging from the problems involved in studying white collar crimes to the principal focus of … TRUSTED CRIMINALS: WHITE COLLAR CRIME IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY is a comprehensive guide that covers topics ranging from the problems involved in studying white collar crimes to the principal focus of the crimes to the character of the legal and criminal justice response to the crime.

Crime: Its Causes and Remedies

1911-12-01

E. A. G. , Cesare Lombroso , Henry P. Horton

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The Criminal Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals

1907-05-01

E. P. Evans

Sources-Amira's distinction between retributive and pre- ventive processes-Addosio's incorrect designation of the latter as civil suits-Inconsistent attitude of the Church in excommunicating animals -Causal relation of crime to demoniacal possession-Squatter … Sources-Amira's distinction between retributive and pre- ventive processes-Addosio's incorrect designation of the latter as civil suits-Inconsistent attitude of the Church in excommunicating animals -Causal relation of crime to demoniacal possession-Squatter sovereignty of devils -Aura corrumpens-Diabolical infestation and lack of ventilation -" Bewitched kine "-Greek furies and Christian demons-Homicidal bees, laying cocks and crowing hens-Theory of the personification of animals -Beasts in Frankish, Welsh, and old German laws -Animal prosecutions and witchcraft-The Mosaic code in Christian courts-Pagan deities as demons-Bom malefactors among beasts-The theory of punishment in modem criminology p. \ CHAPTER I BUGS AND BEASTS BEFORE THE LAW Criminal prosecution of rats -Chassende appointed to defend them-Report of the trial -Chassenee employed as counsel in other cases of this kind-His dissertation on the subject-Nature of his argument -Authorities and precedents-The withering of the fig-tree at Bethany justified and explained by Dr. Trench-Eels and blood- suckers in Lake Leman cursed by the Bishop of Lausanne with the approval of Heidelberg theologians -White bread turned black, and swallows, fish, and flies vi Contents destroyed by anathema-St.Pirminius expels reptiles -Vermifugal efficacy of St. Magnus' crosier-Papal execratories -Animals regarded by the law as lay persons, and not entitled to benefit of clergy-Methods of procedure -Jurisdiction of the courts -Records ot judicial proceedings against insects-Important trial of weevils at St. Jean-de-Maurienne extending over more than eight months-Untenableness of Menebrea's theory -Summary of the pleadings-Futile attempts at com- promise-Final decision doubtful-St.Eldrad and the snakes -Views of Thomas Aquinas-Distinction be-tween excommunication and anathema -" Sweet beasts and stenchy beasts '' -Animals as incarnations of devils -Their diabolical character assumed in papal formula for blessing water to kill vermin-Amusing treatise by Pere Bougeant on this subject-All animals animated by devils, and all pagans and unbaptized persons possessed with them-Demons the real causes of diseases Contents vii -A cock burned at the stake for the unnatural crime of laying an egg--Lapeyronie's investigation of the subject -Racine's satire on such prosecutions in Les Plaideursj Lex talionis-Tit for tat the law of the primitive man and the savage-The application of this iron rule in Hebrew legislation-Flesh of a culprit pig not to be eaten^-Athenian laws for punishing inanimate objects -Recent execution of idols in China-Russian bell sentenced to perpetual exile in Siberia for abetting in- surrection-Pillory for dogs in Vienna-Treatment prescribed for mad dogs in the Avesta-Cruelty of laws, of talion and decrees of corruption of blood-Examples in ancient and modern legislation-Cicero approves of such penalties for political offences-Survival of this conception of justice in theology-Constitutio Criminalis Carolina-Lombroso opposed to trial by jury as a relic of barbarism-Corruption of Swiss cantonal courts -Deodand in English law-Applications of it in Mary- land and in Scotland-Blackstone's theory of it untenable -Penalties inflicted for suicide-Ancient legislation on this subject-Legalization of suicide-Abolition of deodands in England p. i8

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Environment, Scarcity, and Violence

1999-01-01

Richard N. Cooper , Thomas Homer‐Dixon

Principles of Criminology

1955-06-01

N. S. Timasheff , Edwin H. Sutherland , Donald R. Cressey

Blue Water Crime: Deterrence, Legitimacy, and Compliance in Fisheries

1998-01-01

K. Kuperan , Jon G. Sutinen

This study adds to the limited body of empirical evidence on the effect that legitimacy and deterrence have on compliance behavior. The theoretical models of compliance behavior tested include the … This study adds to the limited body of empirical evidence on the effect that legitimacy and deterrence have on compliance behavior. The theoretical models of compliance behavior tested include the basic deterrence model, which focuses on the certainty and severity of sanctions as key determinants of compliance, and models which integrate economic theory with theories from social psychology to account for legitimacy, deterrence, and other motivations expected to influence individuals' decisions whether to comply. Probit and Tobit econometric estimators are used to examine the compliance behavior of 318 Peninsular Malaysian fishermen who face a regulation banning them from fishing in a zone along the coast. The results of the empirical analysis provide additional evidence on the relationship of deterrence and legitimacy to compliance. The findings are also used to draw implications for compliance policy for regulated fisheries.

Making Crime Pay: Law and Order in Contemporary American Politics

1998-01-01

Shmuel Lock

Journal Article Making Crime Pay: Law and Order in Contemporary American Politics Get access Making Crime Pay: Law and Order in Contemporary American Politics by Katherine Beckett. New York, Oxford … Journal Article Making Crime Pay: Law and Order in Contemporary American Politics Get access Making Crime Pay: Law and Order in Contemporary American Politics by Katherine Beckett. New York, Oxford University Press, 1997. 168 pp. Cloth, $27.50. Shmuel Lock Shmuel Lock The John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, Volume 113, Issue 1, Spring 1998, Pages 147–148, https://doi.org/10.2307/2657666 Published: 15 February 2013

The Significance of Ecological Factors for Exploration and Neophobia in Parrots

2002-03-01

Claudia Mettke‐Hofmann , Hans Winkler , Bernd Leisler

Exploratory behaviour plays an important role in most animals for gathering information about their environment. If it constitutes an adaptation to different environmental conditions exploratory behaviour should differ between species. … Exploratory behaviour plays an important role in most animals for gathering information about their environment. If it constitutes an adaptation to different environmental conditions exploratory behaviour should differ between species. This has been tested with several hypotheses. Sixty‐one parrot species (Psittacidae) from eight tribes with different diets and habitat preferences were investigated in aviaries. Two tests were carried out. First, a novel object (wooden ring) in the familiar aviary was presented on two test days in the exploration test. Latencies until first contact with the object and the duration of exploration were recorded. Secondly, in the neophobia test, novel objects were placed beside the feeding dish and latencies until first food intake were recorded. The exploration and neophobia data were related to 12 (13) ecological variables using multiple regression analyses. Phylogenetic relationships were considered. Species that inhabit complex habitats, such as forest edges, or that feed on buds or species from islands showed the shortest latencies in the exploration test. In contrast, long latencies were related to a diet including a great amount of seeds and/or flowers. The longest duration of exploration occurred in species eating nuts or originating from islands, whereas short durations were related to feeding on seeds. Neophobia was positively related to a diet consisting of insects, and negatively to a diet of leaves. There was no relationship between measures of exploration and neophobia. Exploration and neophobia seem to be tightly related to the ecology of a species.

Snitching and the Code of the Street

2003-03-01

Richard Rosenfeld , Bruce A. Jacobs , Richard Wright

Journal Article Snitching and the Code of the Street Get access Richard Rosenfeld, Richard Rosenfeld Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bruce A. Jacobs, … Journal Article Snitching and the Code of the Street Get access Richard Rosenfeld, Richard Rosenfeld Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bruce A. Jacobs, Bruce A. Jacobs Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Richard Wright Richard Wright **University of Missouri‐St. Louis. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 43, Issue 2, 1 March 2003, Pages 291–309, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/43.2.291 Published: 01 March 2003

Sanction Threats and Appeals to Morality: Testing a Rational Choice Model of Corporate Crime

1996-01-01

Raymond Paternoster , Sally S. Simpson

We specify and test a rational choice model of corporate crime. This model includes measures of the perceived costs and benefits of corporate crime (for both the firm and the … We specify and test a rational choice model of corporate crime. This model includes measures of the perceived costs and benefits of corporate crime (for both the firm and the individual), perceptions of shame, persons' assessment of the opprobrium of the act, and contextual characteristics of the organization. Consistent with this model, we find that intentions to commit four types of corporate crime are affected by sanction threats (formal and informal), moral evaluations, and organizational factors. Net of the various incentives and disincentives for corporate crime, persons' personal moral code was found to be a very important source of inhibition. In fact, when moral inhibitions were high, considerations of the cost and benefit of corporate crime were virtually superfluous. When moral inhibitions were weak, however, persons were deterred by threats of formal and informal sanctions and by organizational context. We contend that theoretical models of corporate crime and public policy efforts must contain both instrumental (threats of punishment) and deontological (appeals to morality) factors.

Environmental criminology and crime analysis

2009-04-01

Günter Stummvoll

Human ecology and crime: A routine activity approach

1980-12-01

Marcus Felson , Lawrence E. Cohen

Waging a war to save biodiversity: the rise of militarized conservation

2014-07-01

Rosaleen Duffy

Journal Article Waging a war to save biodiversity: the rise of militarized conservation ROSALEEN DUFFY ROSALEEN DUFFY 1Professor of Political Ecology of Development at the School of Oriental and African … Journal Article Waging a war to save biodiversity: the rise of militarized conservation ROSALEEN DUFFY ROSALEEN DUFFY 1Professor of Political Ecology of Development at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar *I would like to thank Professor Dan Brockington (University of Manchester), Dr Bram Büscher (Institute of Social Studies, The Hague), Dr Andy Newsham (School of Oriental and African Studies, London), Jasper Humphreys (King's College London) and an anonymous reviewer for their very helpful comments on previous drafts. Author Notes International Affairs, Volume 90, Issue 4, July 2014, Pages 819–834, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12142 Published: 02 July 2014

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The Relationship of Animal Abuse to Violence and Other Forms of Antisocial Behavior

1999-09-01

Arnold Arluke , Jack Levin , Carter Luke +1 more

Results from this study challenge the assumption that animal abusers commonly “graduate” from violence against animals to violence against humans. The criminal records of 153 animal abusers and 153 control … Results from this study challenge the assumption that animal abusers commonly “graduate” from violence against animals to violence against humans. The criminal records of 153 animal abusers and 153 control participants were tracked and compared. Animal abusers were more likely than control participants to be interpersonally violent, but they also were more likely to commit property offenses, drug offenses, and public disorder offenses. Thus, there was an association between animal abuse and a variety of antisocial behaviors, but not violence alone. Moreover, when the time order between official records of animal abuse and interpersonal violence was examined, animal abuse was no more likely to precede than follow violent offenses. Although these findings dispute the assumption that animal abuse inevitably leads to violence toward humans, they point to an association between animal abuse and a host of antisocial behaviors, including violence. Also discussed are the methodological problems of demonstrating sequential temporal relations between animal abuse and other antisocial behaviors.

Protecting the planet: a proposal for a law of ecocide

2013-02-05

Polly Higgins , Damien Short , Nigel South

Quantifying Threats to Imperiled Species in the United States

1998-08-01

David S. Wilcove , David E. Rothstein , Jason Dubow +2 more

iologists are nearly unanimous in their belief that humanity is in the process of extirpating a significant portion of the earth's species.The ways in which we are doing so reflect … iologists are nearly unanimous in their belief that humanity is in the process of extirpating a significant portion of the earth's species.The ways in which we are doing so reflect the magnitude and scale of human enterprise.Everything from highway construction to cattle ranching to leaky bait buckets has been implicated in the demise or endangerment of particular species.According to Wilson (1992), most of these activities fall into four major categories, which he terms "the mindless horsemen of the environmental apocalypse": overexploitation, habitat destruction, the introduction of non-native (alien) species, and the spread of diseases carried by alien species.To these categories may be added a fifth, pollution, although it can also be considered a form of habitat destruction.Surprisingly, there have been reIatively few analyses of the extent to which each of these factors-much less the more specific deeds encom-

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WHAT IS VIGILANTISM?

1996-01-01

Les Johnston

Despite popular and official concern about an apparent increase in vigilante activity in the United Kingdom, there has been little serious attempt to conceptualize vigilantism. This paper attempts to establish … Despite popular and official concern about an apparent increase in vigilante activity in the United Kingdom, there has been little serious attempt to conceptualize vigilantism. This paper attempts to establish a criminological definition of vigilantism, so providing a starting point for future empirical analysis of the subject. The paper argues that vigilantism has six necessary features: (i) it involves planning and premeditation by those engaging in it; (it) its participants are private citizens whose engagement is voluntary; (iii) it is a form of 'autonomous citizenship' and, as such, constitutes a social movement; (iv) it uses or threatens the use of force; (v) it arises when an established order is under threat from the transgression, the potential transgression, or the imputed transgression of institutionalized norms; (vi) it aims to control crime or other social infractions by offering assurances (or 'guarantees') of security both to participants and to others. This approach is distinct from attempts to define vigilantism as mere 'establishment violence' and neither assumes vigilante engagement to be extra-legal nor to involve the necessary imposition of punishment on victims.

Ecosystem‐Based Management for the Oceans

2010-09-01

Lisa T. Ballance , Tara Sayuri Whitty

Another Continental Vulture Crisis: Africa's Vultures Collapsing toward Extinction

2015-06-18

Darcy Ogada , Phil Shaw , René Beyers +7 more

Vultures provide critical ecosystem services, yet populations of many species have collapsed worldwide. We present the first estimates of a 30-year Pan-African vulture decline, confirming that declines have occurred on … Vultures provide critical ecosystem services, yet populations of many species have collapsed worldwide. We present the first estimates of a 30-year Pan-African vulture decline, confirming that declines have occurred on a scale broadly comparable with those seen in Asia, where the ecological, economic, and human costs are already documented. Populations of eight species we assessed had declined by an average of 62%; seven had declined at a rate of 80% or more over three generations. Of these, at least six appear to qualify for uplisting to Critically Endangered. Africa's vultures are facing a range of specific threats, the most significant of which are poisoning and trade in traditional medicines, which together accounted for 90% of reported deaths. We recommend that national governments urgently enact and enforce legislation to strictly regulate the sale and use of pesticides and poisons, to eliminate the illegal trade in vulture body parts, as food or medicine, and to minimize mortality caused by power lines and wind turbines.

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Global prohibition regimes: the evolution of norms in international society

1990-01-01

Ethan A. Nadelmann

The dynamics by which norms emerge and spread in international society have been the subject of strikingly little study. This article focuses on norms that prohibit, both in international law … The dynamics by which norms emerge and spread in international society have been the subject of strikingly little study. This article focuses on norms that prohibit, both in international law and in the domestic criminal laws of states, the involvement of state and nonstate actors in activities such as piracy, slavery, counterfeiting, drug trafficking, the hijacking of aircraft, and the killing of endangered animal species. It analyzes the manner in which these norms have evolved into and been institutionalized by global prohibition regimes and argues that there are two principal inducements to the formation and promotion of such regimes. The first is the inadequacy of unilateral and bilateral law enforcement measures in the face of criminal activities that transcend national borders. The second is the role of moral and emotional factors related to neither political nor economic advantage but instead involving religious beliefs, humanitarian sentiments, fears, prejudices, paternalism, faith in universalism, the individual conscience, and the compulsion to proselytize. The ultimate success or failure of an international regime in effectively suppressing a particular activity depends, however, not only on the degree of commitment to its norms or the extent of resources devoted to carrying out its goals but also on the vulnerability of the activity to its enforcement measures.

Criminality of place

1995-09-01

Patricia L. Brantingham , Paul Brantingham

Rethinking criminal law

1979-12-01

Don Feigenbaum

Patterns in Crime

1985-01-01

James L. LeBeau , Paul Brantingham , Patricia L. Brantingham

The Oxford Handbook of Criminology

2023-08-01

Alison Liebling , Shadd Maruna , Lesley McAra

As the most comprehensive and authoritative single volume on the subject, the seventh edition of the acclaimed Oxford Handbook of Criminology is a completely revised collection of 44 essays by … As the most comprehensive and authoritative single volume on the subject, the seventh edition of the acclaimed Oxford Handbook of Criminology is a completely revised collection of 44 essays by leading authors in the field. It is organized into four sections: constructions of crime and justice; borders, boundaries, and beliefs; dynamics of crime and violence; and responses to crime. Criminology is expanding its borders and seeking new answers to questions of crime and punishment, citizenship, and democratic living, including issues of state crime and globalization. Some of the newest areas of study in criminology include migration, asylum, and the integration of global populations following war or famine; privacy and the governance of ‘big data;’ and the movement to abolish the police and prisons. All of these topics, as well as classic questions of the causes and consequences of crime, receive attention here. The editors have also made room for greater inclusiveness and diversity, with a wider range of newer scholars, and taking account of new developments in the fields of zemiology and green criminology, as well as previously neglected themes such as victimology, sexual violence, and atrocity crimes. The chapters contain extensive references to aid further research, and the book is accompanied by an online resource centre featuring: selected chapters from previous editions; guidance on answering essay questions; practice essay questions; web links; and figures and tables from the text.

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Principles of Criminology.

1947-12-01

Donald R. Taft , Edwin H. Sutherland

Crime, weather, and climate change

2014-02-03

Matthew Ranson

A Framework for Resilience-based Governance of Social-Ecological Systems

2013-01-01

Ahjond S. Garmestani , Melinda Harm Benson

Panarchy provides a heuristic to characterize the cross-scale dynamics of social-ecological systems and a framework for how governance institutions should behave to be compatible with the ecosystems they manage.Managing for … Panarchy provides a heuristic to characterize the cross-scale dynamics of social-ecological systems and a framework for how governance institutions should behave to be compatible with the ecosystems they manage.Managing for resilience will likely require reform of law to account for the dynamics of social-ecological systems and achieve a substantive mandate that accommodates the need for adaptation.In this paper, we suggest expansive legal reform by identifying the principles of reflexive law as a possible mechanism for achieving a shift to resilience-based governance and leveraging cross-scale dynamics to provide resilience-based responses to increasingly challenging environmental conditions.

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Southern Criminology

2015-08-20

Kerry Carrington , Russell Hogg , Máximo Sozzo

Issues of vital criminological research and policy significance abound in the global South, with important implications for South/North relations and for global security and justice. Having a theoretical framework capable … Issues of vital criminological research and policy significance abound in the global South, with important implications for South/North relations and for global security and justice. Having a theoretical framework capable of appreciating the significance of this global dynamic will contribute to criminology being able to better understand the challenges of the present and the future. We employ southern theory in a reflexive (and not a reductive) way to elucidate the power relations embedded in the hierarchal production of criminological knowledge that privileges theories, assumptions and methods based largely on empirical specificities of the global North. Our purpose is not to dismiss the conceptual and empirical advances in criminology, but to more usefully de-colonize and democratize the toolbox of available criminological concepts, theories and methods. As a way of illustrating how southern criminology might usefully contribute to better informed responses to global justice and security, this article examines three distinct projects that could be developed under such a rubric. These include, firstly, certain forms and patterns of crime specific to the global periphery; secondly, the distinctive patterns of gender and crime in the global south shaped by diverse cultural, social, religious and political factors and lastly the distinctive historical and contemporary penalities of the global south and their historical links with colonialism and empire building.

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The Reasoning Criminal

1986-01-01

Theoretical Criminology

1959-01-01

George B. Vold

Environment and Crime in the Inner City: Does Vegetation Reduce Crime?

2001-05-01

F.E. Kuo , W. C. Sullivan

Principles of Criminology

1940-03-01

Otto Kirchheimer , Edwin H. Sutherland

Environmental Criminology and Crime Analysis

2016-11-01

Criminal Careers and "Career Criminals,"

1986-01-01

National Research Council

Principles of Criminology

1948-01-01

W. F. Byron , Edwin H. Sutherland

Parrots: a guide to parrots of the world

1998-09-01

Tony Juniper , Mike Parr , Kim Franklin

This volume is dedicated primarily to the field identification of parrots, with illustrations of every species and the most identifiable subspecies. Parrots, with some 350 species, are one of the … This volume is dedicated primarily to the field identification of parrots, with illustrations of every species and the most identifiable subspecies. Parrots, with some 350 species, are one of the largest bird families. From the mighty macaws to the diminutive pygmy parrots, they include such familiar species as cockatoos, parakeets, lovebirds and even the budgerigar. Most are brightly coloured, or even gaudy, but a few are drab, and some are nocturnal and flightless. One-fifth of the world's parrots are threatened, and the book includes up-to-date information on their conservation status.

Environmental Criminology and Crime Analysis

2013-05-13

Richard Wortley , Lorraine Mazerolle

Environmental criminology is a generic label that covers a range of overlapping perspectives. At the core, the various strands of environmental criminology are bound by a common focus on the … Environmental criminology is a generic label that covers a range of overlapping perspectives. At the core, the various strands of environmental criminology are bound by a common focus on the role that the immediate environment plays in the performance of crime, and a conviction that careful analyses of these environmental influences are the key to the effective investigation, control and prevention of crime. Environmental Crime and Crime Analysis brings together for the first time the key contributions to environmental criminology to comprehensively define the field and synthesize the concepts and ideas surrounding environmental criminology. The chapters are written by leading theorists and practitioners in the field. Each chapter will analyze one of the twelve major elements of environmental criminology and crime analysis. This book will be essential reading for both practitioners and undergraduate and postgraduate students taking courses in this subject.

Report on the International Conference Titled ‘Green Criminology and Green Deal’

2025-06-25

Gerhard Dannecker , Judit Jacsó | Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law = Agrár- és Környezetjog

On 4-5 March 2024, an international conference on ‘Green Criminology and Green Deal: Environment and climate protection – an unshiftable task for criminal law’ was held in Miskolc, Hungary, as … On 4-5 March 2024, an international conference on ‘Green Criminology and Green Deal: Environment and climate protection – an unshiftable task for criminal law’ was held in Miskolc, Hungary, as part of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation- funded partnership project “On the systematization of criminal responsibility of and in companies”4 between the Universities of Heidelberg and Miskolc. The aim of the institute partnership is to systematise practical experience and knowledge on the criminal liability of companies and to discuss criminal policy responses to technological and social changes, involving academics and practitioners (legal profession, public administration and judiciary), doctoral students and law stu- dents, to analyse comparative legal and to develop new solution concepts. This conference was the fourth and final event in this partnership project. Academic and practitioner speakers came from Germany and from Hungary, which can look back on an environmentally-oriented tradition of their universities, especially in Miskolc, from Austria, which has repeatedly followed a particular path in the implementation of Union law requirements in criminal law, and from Liechten- stein, an EEA state. The fourth conference aimed to provide a framework for a knowledge-based inter- and intradisciplinary discourse on green criminology and he European Union’s Green Deal.

CRUSHED TO DEATH: HEALTH AND SAFETY RIGHTS OF STONE CRUSHERS IN NORTH BENGAL, INDIA

2025-06-25

S. Chaudhuri | PEOPLE International Journal of Social Sciences

Silicosis, among the stone crushing laborers, is considered one of the most common fatal occupational health hazards. Various forms of crushed stone play an extremely important role in urbanization. However, … Silicosis, among the stone crushing laborers, is considered one of the most common fatal occupational health hazards. Various forms of crushed stone play an extremely important role in urbanization. However, a lack of awareness and the degraded working environment often deny the basic right to health and safe working conditions for stone crushers, the backbone of development worldwide. Masonry workers develop this incurable and irreparable disease due to constant inhalation of crystalline silica particles, which are commonly found in most natural and engineered stones worldwide. Over 200 migrant stone crushers in the Balason riverbed in North Bengal, India, were interviewed in 3 years to understand their socio-economic background and health impact caused by the stone crushing job. It was observed that there are usually two types of crushing methods involved to produce the required sizes of stone chips as per the industry demand: manual stone crushing and stone crushing using jaw crushers and other industrial machines. Both sites were visited to compare dust emission conditions. In the industrial site, it was hard to breathe, owing to the massive dust emissions. On the other hand, manual stone crushers were facing the typical risks of getting hurt or blinded by the stone chips. Though there are several International and Indian Laws that advocate, promote, and protect workers’ safety, it was commonly seen that the workers were working on this site without wearing any Personal Protective Equipment. This field-based qualitative study tends to analyze and highlight such an important topic, which is not only common among the stone crushers, but also prevalent among the miners, construction workers, brick, tile industry, and sandblasting industry worldwide. The goal of this research is to spread awareness worldwide through this case study and create safe working conditions for the workers.

Endangered Species Legislation in Nigeria: Analysis of Domestic Legal Instruments

2025-06-24

U. C. Agom | African Journal of Law Political Research and Administration

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of endangered species legislation in Nigeria, examining the domestic legal instruments that govern wildlife conservation and the challenges faced in enforcement. It begins with … This article provides a comprehensive analysis of endangered species legislation in Nigeria, examining the domestic legal instruments that govern wildlife conservation and the challenges faced in enforcement. It begins with an overview of Nigeria’s rich biodiversity and highlights notable endangered species along with key threats to their survival. The discussion then delves into the primary legal frameworks, focusing on the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency Act (NESREA), while identifying significant gaps and inconsistencies within these laws. The article further explores the enforcement challenges posed by resource constraints, corruption, and limited political will, as well as the crucial role of community involvement and public awareness in successful conservation efforts. A comparative analysis with international standards reveals areas of alignment and gaps in Nigeria's legislation concerning global conservation commitments. The article concludes with recommendations aimed at strengthening Nigeria's endangered species conservation framework, emphasizing the need for legislative updates, increased funding, enhanced community engagement, and greater public awareness to foster a collective responsibility for protecting the nation’s biodiversity.

Ecocide’s evolving relationship with war

2025-06-24

Rachel Killean | Environment and Security

This article examines the evolving relationship between ecocide and the regulation of war, tracing its conceptual development from a war crime to a broader environmental offence. Using a social constructivist … This article examines the evolving relationship between ecocide and the regulation of war, tracing its conceptual development from a war crime to a broader environmental offence. Using a social constructivist approach, it explores how scientists, legal scholars and policymakers shaped the emergence of ecocide in response to environmental destruction during the Vietnam War. While early legal frameworks linked ecocide to armed conflict, contemporary advocacy has expanded its scope to include peacetime environmental harm. After exploring the factors that influenced that broadening in scope, the article considers whether and how contemporary formulations of ecocide might impact future attempts to ensure accountability for wartime environmental destruction. It argues that legal principles such as lex specialis limit ecocide’s applicability in conflict, even as domestic efforts seek to challenge these constraints. The article concludes that while ecocide’s legal recognition is growing, its capacity to address conflict-related environmental harm remains uncertain, highlighting the need for continued efforts to explore how existing international crimes can be used to encompass ecological destruction.

Book Review: These Walls: The Battle for Rikers Island and the Future of America’s Jails , by Eva Fedderly These Walls: The Battle for Rikers Island and the Future of America’s Jails. FedderlyEva. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2023. 224 pp.

2025-06-24

C.J. Moody | Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly

„Green criminology” – a question about transnational environmental crime in Poland

2025-06-24

Joanna Beata Banach-Gutierrez , Wiesław Pływaczewski , Joanna Narodowska +2 more | Studia Prawnoustrojowe

The purpose of this article is to introduce the achievements of green criminology in the context of combating transnational environmental crime. In addition, the Polish scientific contribution to the development … The purpose of this article is to introduce the achievements of green criminology in the context of combating transnational environmental crime. In addition, the Polish scientific contribution to the development of this new sub-discipline of criminology was highlighted by illustrating the main directions of research on transnational environmental crime. Then the tasks of the National Revenue Administration in the context of detecting and combating transnational crime against the environment were presented. Selected representative elements of the above phenomenon were also illustrated, such as crime related to illegal mining and smuggling of amber, illegal transportation of waste, illegal trade in endangered plants and animals (CITES), and illegal export or import of cultural monuments. The conclusions point out that environmental crime poses an increasingly significant threat to both the environment and the financial interests of the State Treasury. The authors note that environmental crime is more and more often taking on the character of economic crime. Given the above, it is necessary both for efficient operation of services in this area (the role of law enforcement agencies) and continuous monitoring of the problem from a scientific perspective (the role of green criminology).

Legal Harvest of Shorebirds and Resident Game Birds on a Caribbean island: A Martinique Case Study

2025-06-23

Amelia R. Cox , Eduardo Gallo‐Cajiao , Fred Tremblay +7 more

Legal hunting practiced under regulatory frameworks is not always assessed for its sustainability. The lack of harvest data is of particular concern in the case of birds occurring on islands. … Legal hunting practiced under regulatory frameworks is not always assessed for its sustainability. The lack of harvest data is of particular concern in the case of birds occurring on islands. Resident species on islands often exhibit limited geographic ranges and inherently small population sizes, rendering them particularly susceptible to environmental and anthropogenic threats. Islands also support seasonally fluctuating populations of migratory species, providing essential habitats for stopovers and non-breeding periods. Within this context, the sustainability of gamebird harvest practiced on islands within a regulatory framework needs to be evaluated to inform management and prevent negative impacts on populations. Here, we present a case study of an island-wide assessment of bird hunting estimates, based on data available from a legal hunting program, in Martinique, a tropical oceanic island part of the Caribbean biodiversity hotspot. Our objectives were to determine the magnitude of gamebird harvest, track changes in harvest levels over time, and assess harvest sustainability. Our assessment, which is based on hunting logbooks and hunter surveys between the 2012-2013 and 2021-2022 hunting seasons, provides harvest estimates for two groups of migratory species, shorebirds ( Charadriidae , Scolopacidae ) and teals ( Anatidae ), and two groups of resident species ( Columbidae and Mimidae ). In Martinique, harvest management measures, combined with increased hunter's engagement and enforcement of regulations, has led more stringent harvest regulations, improved compliance from hunters, and a reduction of Martinique's national shorebird harvest. However, considering continued and rapid shorebirds population declines across the Western Atlantic flyway, shorebird harvest assessment at the flyway level remains a priority

A Due Diligence Framework for Facial Recognition Technology

2025-06-23

Pete Fussey , Daragh Murray | Oxford University Press eBooks

Abstract Determining whether the police’s use of facial recognition technology (FRT) will comply with human rights law is not a straightforward task for two key reasons. First, human rights law … Abstract Determining whether the police’s use of facial recognition technology (FRT) will comply with human rights law is not a straightforward task for two key reasons. First, human rights law typically applies after the fact, and so adapting the law to proactively inform police decision-making requires a change in approach. Second, facial recognition is a novel and complex technology, and properly understanding its impacts—whether beneficial or harmful—is equally novel and complex. In order to address this challenge, Chapter 4 develops a due diligence framework specifically tailored to the police use of FRT. This framework unpacks the ‘necessary in a democratic society’ test and is centred around understanding and evaluating the ‘competing interests’ at play in any police FRT use; that is, the claimed utility and the potential harm. It sets out the key considerations that should be taken into account prior to, and in the evaluation of, any deployment.

THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME IN THE PHILIPPINES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

2025-06-22

Daisy Jane O. Medrano , Rowela Cartin Pecson | European Journal of Social Sciences Studies

This systematic review provided a comprehensive and evidence-based synthesis of environmental crime in the Philippines. It examined the various types, underlying causes, and societal impacts of these offenses. Additionally, the … This systematic review provided a comprehensive and evidence-based synthesis of environmental crime in the Philippines. It examined the various types, underlying causes, and societal impacts of these offenses. Additionally, the review explored the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies and policymakers in the implementation of relevant environmental laws and regulations. A structured process using PRISMA 2020 was conducted across nine academic databases and two search engines. Studies were screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 38 studies were included in the synthesis and analyzed using a thematic descriptive approach. Risk of bias was manually conducted based on five criteria. Results revealed six primary types of environmental crimes: illegal logging, wildlife trafficking, illegal mining, pollution-related crimes, illegal exploitation of aquatic resources, and illegal tourism development within protected areas. Socioeconomic drivers such as poverty, low public awareness, and poor law enforcement, alongside policy gaps, were recurrent themes in environmental crimes. Technological tools such as pXRF and GIS were effective but underutilized, even if they showed great potential in tracing illegally traded wildlife and mapping environmental crime hotspots. Governance failures, limited environmental officers, and educational gaps are major barriers to environmental protection. Article visualizations:<img src="/-counters-/soc/0198/a.php" alt="Hit counter" />

Other criminal organizations

2025-06-20

Antonio Nicaso , Marcel Danesi | Routledge eBooks

Green Criminology and AI- Tackling Environmental Cybercrime

2025-06-20

Avijit Silawat , Dipesh Silawat , Harjeet Kaur +1 more | Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series

This chapter focuses on the relationship between green criminology, environmental cybercrime, and artificial intelligence (AI); it systematically examines how AI technologies repay environmental cyber threats. Environmental cybercrime is introduced as … This chapter focuses on the relationship between green criminology, environmental cybercrime, and artificial intelligence (AI); it systematically examines how AI technologies repay environmental cyber threats. Environmental cybercrime is introduced as a subfield of green criminology before dedicating some time to explaining how it is one of the pressing issues of the modern world. The chapter discusses AI in fighting these crimes through the development of anomaly detection, predictive analytics, and auto-incident reaction applications. Specific solutions can be derived from modern companies' success in implementing AI in the real world and examples like the SolarWinds cyberattack and foiled attempts at eco-terrorism. The ethical, legal, policy, and other issues are discussed, emphasizing privacy, fairness, and regulation. The last chapter provides a technological and regulatory agenda and ultimately calls for an integrated approach to interaction between criminologists, technologists, and policymakers to build and regulate a stronger and more progressive tomorrow.

Ecocide as a Separate Crime under the Rome Statute: A Legal Analysis of the Discourse

2025-06-20

Cansu ATILGAN PAZVANTOĞLU | Environmental Policy and Law

This article explores the evolving concept of ecocide within international criminal law, focusing on its normative development and potential deterrent function. Although not formally recognized under the Rome Statute, ecocide's … This article explores the evolving concept of ecocide within international criminal law, focusing on its normative development and potential deterrent function. Although not formally recognized under the Rome Statute, ecocide's growing presence in legal and political discourse reflects a broader shift in how environmental harm is conceptualized. The analysis considers national legislative efforts, ICC discourse, and complementary approaches such as transitional justice and symbolic legislation. It also highlights structural limitations, including enforcement gaps and the focus on individual responsibility. The article argues that ecocide, rather than being a fully codified crime, currently stands at a critical normative juncture shaped by legal experimentation, global advocacy, and expanding expectations of accountability in the face of ecological destruction.

DESAFIOS À EFETIVIDADE DA PROTEÇÃO PENAL AMBIENTAL FACE AO TRÁFICO DE ANIMAIS SILVESTRES NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA

2025-06-20

A.A. Jordão , Isabella Leonel Cereda | Revista fisio&terapia.

ABSTRACT The present study sought to know what the most relevant challenges are to achieve effective environmental criminal protection in the fight against wildlife trafficking in Brazil and what are … ABSTRACT The present study sought to know what the most relevant challenges are to achieve effective environmental criminal protection in the fight against wildlife trafficking in Brazil and what are the workable solutions to the problems faced. The objective was to reflect on the challenges involving the effectiveness of environmental criminal protection with regard to wildlife trafficking in Brazil, presenting alternatives to face the problem. The method relied on a legal, doctrinal and documentary approach and in the analysis of Brazilian and international legislation (United States and Australia). The qualitative research focused on the integration of legal, environmental and social elements, to foster a broad and critical perspective on the subject, also offering some alternative solutions. It was found that the absence of efficient mechanisms for international cooperation makes it difficult to confront a crime that crosses borders, making it essential to integrate national and international legal provisions. The comparison with stricter legislation, such as those of the United States and Australia, reinforces the need for Brazil to review and strengthen its legal system, also investing in the training of inspection agencies and institutional strengthening to ensure the effective application of the rules. It was concluded that the possible strategies to confront wildlife trafficking are the creation of more specific criminal types proportional to the severity of the crime, the development of comprehensive public policies that involve prevention and environmental education, in addition to the promotion of international cooperation and the engagement of civil society. Keywords: Crime. Legislation. Environmental Protection. Trafficking of Wild Animals.

Hybrid criminality

2025-06-20

Antonio Nicaso , Marcel Danesi | Routledge eBooks

Crimes of the Powerful

2025-06-20

Borislav Petrović , Bojan Dobovšek , Maj Ulčnik | Science, Art and Religion.

Artificial Intelligence and environmental crime

2025-06-17

Stefano Porfido , Alberto Quintavalla | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Escape patterns of companion parrots kept in Brazilian Households

2025-06-17

R. Aguiar , Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo , ChalineNicolas Châline | Applied Animal Behaviour Science

Where there’s smoke there is fire: Türkiye and the international illegal wildlife trade

2025-06-17

Özgün Emre Can | Nature Conservation

Humans have been exploiting natural ecosystems and their resources, driving many species to extinction at the expense of global human health, the welfare of wild animals, and the integrity of … Humans have been exploiting natural ecosystems and their resources, driving many species to extinction at the expense of global human health, the welfare of wild animals, and the integrity of Earth’s ecosystems. Research has shown that the illegal international wildlife trade is of particular interest because it poses a serious threat to global health, biodiversity, conservation efforts, animal welfare, international relations, and biosecurity due to its clandestine and unregulated nature. Trafficked wild animals and wildlife products are moving between source and demand regions in the Americas, Africa, Asia and Europe. Despite a common misconception that consumers are primarily located in Asian countries, the EU is a major destination for legal and illegal wildlife trade, and certain EU countries function as transit points for illegal wildlife trafficking. Like Europe, the Middle East, including Türkiye, serves as a key transit hub for wildlife trafficking from Africa to Asia, yet no peer-reviewed studies assess Türkiye’s role in these networks. Motivated by the seizure of a baby gorilla at Istanbul Airport on December 22, 2024, this study aims to identify and analyze international illegal wildlife trade involving Türkiye. This study collated publicly available data sources, revealing 55 international wildlife trafficking seizure records involving Türkiye between 2011 and 2022. The seizure records were composed of mammals (64%, 35 records), reptiles (20%, 11 records), birds (7%, 4 records) and other species (9%, 5 records). A total of 34 countries were identified as countries of origin, transit, or destination in wildlife trafficking routes involving seizures where Türkiye served as either an origin, transit, or destination country between 2011 and 2022. The data indicate that international wildlife traffickers use Türkiye predominantly as a transit hub connecting Africa with both Asia and Europe, particularly for the trafficking of ivory, rhino horn and pangolin scales between 2011 and 2022. Total quantities of items trafficked during this period were 3,156 kg and 226 pieces of elephant ivory, 176 kg and 34 rhino horns, and 6,566 kg of pangolin scales. The variety of trafficked items, including live animals such as tortoises and African grey parrots through to rare instances like an infant gorilla, underscores the complexity of the illegal wildlife trade. National authorities’ commitment to law enforcement is evident from the seizures identified. The study offers practical recommendations to disrupt trafficking networks, improve data collection, and curb demand in consumer markets. By guiding policymakers, conservationists, and authorities, the study fosters international cooperation, optimal resource use, and endangered species protection. International wildlife trafficking can occur when detection and law enforcement measures fail in both the countries of origin and destination, and, where relevant, in transit countries, showing the necessity for governments worldwide to make the international illegal wildlife trade a priority.

Benefits and barriers: An exploratory study of drone use and LiDAR technology application in UK policing

2025-06-17

Julie Bramble , David Lydon | International Journal of Police Science & Management

Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have become essential tools in various policing tasks. This mixed-method, exploratory study investigates their use and development in United Kingdom (UK) policing, … Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have become essential tools in various policing tasks. This mixed-method, exploratory study investigates their use and development in United Kingdom (UK) policing, in general operational and forensic contexts. Data were collected via Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOI) requests sent to 45 UK police services. The findings indicate that although drones can improve operational efficiency and situational awareness, their integration into forensic settings is hampered by excessive costs, insufficient training, and procedural and regulatory constraints. The study suggests that targeted policy reforms could enhance drones’ utility, broadening police capabilities in routine operations and non-invasive complex investigatory work. Recommendations for policy and practice include developing standardised operating procedures, specialised training programmes, cost-mitigation strategies, public transparency measures, and the piloting of programmes to develop advanced sensing [such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)] and emerging technologies. The article provides insights for police agencies beyond the UK, aiming to advance their drone capabilities for both routine policing and forensic contexts.

The white man’s burden and the terror of biophilia

2025-06-17

Louis Rothschild | Psychoanalysis Culture & Society

Transnational environmental crime across global supply chains: a place for due diligence?

2025-06-17

Carolyn Abbot , Gary Lynch‐Wood | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

International institutions and the fight against transnational environmental crimes

2025-06-17

Teresa Fajardo del Castillo , Ricardo Pereira | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Introduction: a panoramic view of global environmental criminal law research

2025-06-17

Ricardo Pereira , Teresa Fajardo del Castillo | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Enforceable undertakings as an alternative to prosecution in Australian environmental law enforcement

2025-06-17

Sarah Wright , Victoria Colvin | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Methods for environmental criminal law research

2025-06-17

Michaël Faure , Sjoerd Lopik | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

The global illegal wildlife trade crisis

2025-06-17

Angus Nurse | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

A green criminology perspective on animal rights

2025-06-17

Ragnhild Sollund | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Imprisonment as an alternative to financial punishments on corporations for environmental offenses

2025-06-17

Gabriel Hallevy | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

A Research Agenda for Environmental Crime and the Law

2025-06-17

| Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Environmental harms, ecocidal trends and restorative responses: some interdisciplinary directions

2025-06-17

Anna Di Ronco , Nigel South | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Biodiversity crime

2025-06-17

Ludwig Krämer | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

The effectiveness of environmental criminal law enforcement

2025-06-17

Juan L. Fuentes Osorio | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Towards a new agenda for ecocide norms adoption and enforcement

2025-06-17

Thomas Obel Hansen | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Climate change and criminal justice

2025-06-17

Stephan Sina | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Attitudes to Exotic Parakeets: A Comparative Case Study and Citizen Science Review

2025-06-16

Ian D. Rotherham , Miles J. Watchman | Diversity

Invasive, non-native species are recognised as a global problem, and their dispersal and introduction are controversial topics. However, a source of particular interest is that of human–nature interactions and consequent … Invasive, non-native species are recognised as a global problem, and their dispersal and introduction are controversial topics. However, a source of particular interest is that of human–nature interactions and consequent perceptions of natives and non-natives, an issue complicated by misunderstandings of history and sometimes of science. Furthermore, there are only few studies on the perceptions of exotic species by people living in a region subject to invasion. The research compared local stakeholder responses to a non-native invasive bird (ring-necked parakeet Psittacula krameri Scopoli) in two areas with contrasting scenarios regarding the history of establishment, their spread, and their current status. In both locations, parakeets were considered by respondents to be attractive, but where long-established, they were also viewed as a nuisance. Desire for or tolerance of active control measures also increased in areas with a well-established population in comparison to where parakeets were still viewed as a novelty. Increased encounters between native birds and invasive parakeets influenced attitudes towards possible controls. An online survey gathered stakeholder responses, and long-term citizen science and action research were combined with data from Local Environmental Records Centres and ornithological recording groups for each region.

Anglo-American and Criminological Model as the Theoretical Basis of the Anglo-American Crime Prevention System

2025-06-16

Mariia Koval | Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika» Seria Uridicni nauki

In recent decades, the political, economic, social and cultural landscape against which the processes of determining and counteracting crime unfold has undergone significant changes. Globalization, migration, changing balance of power … In recent decades, the political, economic, social and cultural landscape against which the processes of determining and counteracting crime unfold has undergone significant changes. Globalization, migration, changing balance of power in the foreign policy arena, economic crises, political instability have had and continue to have a significant impact on the state of crime in the world, and also necessitate the development of new approaches to criminal policy. On the one hand, these processes affect transnational crime: criminal risks are increasingly global in nature (terrorism, environmental crime, cybercrime), serious criminal organizations are no longer localized in one state but are united in networked communities that have no borders. On the other hand, the structure and dynamics of more traditional “street” criminal offenses are changing. In this regard, comparative criminological research is becoming increasingly important, allowing to study and learn lessons from both the positive experience of combating crime in different countries and not to repeat the mistakes made in the implementation of criminal policy, which led to negative trends in the development of crime, human rights violations, and a decrease in the level of security of citizens. First and foremost, comparative criminology aims to describe and explain various phenomena related to the determination of criminal behavior and the practice of responding to crime in different countries, but it is not limited to this. Comparative criminological research allows us to trace the significance of political, economic, and social processes - both local and global - on the development of criminal policy. This will make it possible to assess which practical solutions can be effectively applied within a completely different socio-political context and which approaches should be avoided. Comparative analysis can contribute to the development of more effective criminal policy reform programs that take into account the mistakes made in other countries from the very beginning, and avoid blind copying of those ideas that have no chance of taking root in the domestic context. Keywords: crime, Anglo-American model, legal system, prevention.

AN OVERVIEW OF HUMAN-SNAKE CONFLICT FROM 2015 TO 2023 IN INDONESIA

2025-06-15

| TAPROBANICA The Journal of Asian Biodiversity

Corporate Crime

2025-06-13

Ichiro Iwasaki , Xinxin Ma , Satoshi Mizobata | Routledge eBooks

THE EUROPEAN UNION DIRECTIVE ON THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH CRIMINAL LAW: AN OVERVIEW OF SELECTED NOVELS

2025-06-13

Олександр Дудоров , Dmytro Kamensky | Scientific and informational bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law named after King Danylo Halytskyi

Objective. The purpose of this article is to highlight the main criminal law novelties introduced by Directive 2024/1203 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of … Objective. The purpose of this article is to highlight the main criminal law novelties introduced by Directive 2024/1203 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of the environment through criminal law, replacing Directives 2008/99/EC and 2009/123/EC (Directive), and to determine the prospects for implementing this document into the criminal law of Ukraine. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and elaboration of the provisions of the said international legal document, the current criminal law of Ukraine, scientific sources, and the formulation of the author’s conclusions. The following methods of scientific cognition were used in the study: logical and semantic, formal and logical, systemic and structural, comparative and legal, and modeling. Results. Based on the results of the study, it has been established that: 1) by enshrining the idea of effective, proportionate and dissuasive sanctions for violation of environmental legislation, which (sanctions) are subject to unification in all EU Member States, the Directive embodies a progressive model of criminal law environmental protection in the European space. However, the experience of implementation of the previous “environmental and criminal” Directive (2008), as well as the history of discussion and adoption of the current Directive, demonstrate the problems faced by Member States on the way to Europeanization of their criminal law; 2) by adopting the Directive, the European legislator partially changed the approaches to filling in the blanket nature of the relevant criminal prohibitions: instead of a voluminous annex of European regulations that served as a regulatory basis for the application of criminal legal measures under the previous Directive, the flexible directive wording “clearly violates the relevant requirements of substantive law” creates the basis for the introduction of the concept of “autonomous environmental crime”, the implementation of which will mean that criminal liability for environmental encroachment in certain situations will no longer depend on violation of administrative provisions, regulatory requirements and requirements of permits, licenses and quotas; 3) the content of the Directive serves as an additional argument in favor of: a) the traditional approach to consolidation of the relevant criminal law prohibitions implemented in Ukraine. Scientific novelty. The authors analyze certain criminal law provisions of the Directive and expresses the authors’ views on their implementation in national criminal law. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in lawmaking activities with the goal to improve the current Criminal Code of Ukraine and the draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine.

La entomología forense un aliado imprescindible en la investigación criminal y un aporte trascendental para el sistema procesal penal ecuatoriano

2025-06-13

Joffre Kevin Morales Coloma , Grey Semira Ramírez Aspiazu | Esprint Investigación

La entomología forense es una disciplina que estudia los artrópodos en las investigaciones criminales, puesto que facilita el intervalo mínimo transcurrido desde el fallecimiento hasta el momento que se halla … La entomología forense es una disciplina que estudia los artrópodos en las investigaciones criminales, puesto que facilita el intervalo mínimo transcurrido desde el fallecimiento hasta el momento que se halla el cadáver. El objetivo fue analizar la aplicabilidad de la entomología forense en el sistema procesal penal ecuatoriano y los principales obstáculos para su implementación. Se utilizó una metodología con enfoque mixto, de tipo transversal y con alcance exploratorio y explicativo. Para la recolección de datos, se aplicó un cuestionario dirigido a abogados en libre ejercicio de la provincia de Bolívar. Los resultados revelaron que, si bien los encuestados están familiarizados con el término entomología forense, identificaron como principales limitaciones su implementación la falta de personal especializado, la ausencia de unidades de criminalística específicas y la inexistencia de un protocolo que contemple un catálogo de los invertebrados existentes en el país. Consideran que la correcta aplicación ayudaría a la resolución de casos criminales. Como conclusión, se observa que la entomología forense es una herramienta valiosa para la solución de casos criminales, puesto que no solo se puede determinar el intervalo post mortem, sino reconstruir la escena del crimen por medio de los cambios que surgen en la fauna de los artrópodos, convirtiéndose en un aliado para la toma de decisiones en los procesos judiciales.

Introduction: Navigating Criminalisation: Visible and Hidden Resistances in Dangerous Contexts

2025-06-12

Romain Busnel , Léa Lebeaupin‐Salamon , Luis Rivera‐Vélez | Bulletin of Latin American Research

Compulsory Environmental Coaching and Patriotism Are the Last Resorts for Protecting Wildlife

2025-06-12

Aishwarya Maheshwari , Neha Midha , S. Jonathan Chapman | Wildlife Letters

ABSTRACT Wildlife conservation remains a global imperative, yet efforts to safeguard biodiversity often face sociopolitical and cultural limitations. This paper proposes a bold paradigm: mandatory environmental and wildlife conservation coaching, … ABSTRACT Wildlife conservation remains a global imperative, yet efforts to safeguard biodiversity often face sociopolitical and cultural limitations. This paper proposes a bold paradigm: mandatory environmental and wildlife conservation coaching, modeled on principles of compulsory military conscription. Grounded in patriotism and civic responsibility, this approach emphasizes early awareness, cross‐sector engagement, and long‐term stewardship. Recognizing that conservation strategies must be culturally contextualized, we argue that a one‐size‐fits‐all model will not suffice. Instead, effective implementation requires aligning compulsory education with local traditions, policies, and capacities. We propose seven guiding principles to inform this model, ranging from knowledge building and behavioral change to national pride and global solidarity. When integrated with enabling policies, incentives, community engagement, and technological innovation, compulsory conservation coaching can cultivate environmental citizenship and deepen commitment to wildlife protection. Patriotism, reframed through ecological responsibility, may yet serve as a last resort to galvanize widespread, enduring action for nature.