Medicine › Rheumatology

Urologic and reproductive health conditions

Works Count: 30872

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the pathology, diagnosis, and management of genitourinary soft tissue tumors and anomalies, including aggressive angiomyxoma, prostatic tumors, seminal vesicle cysts, fibroepithelial polyps, ejaculatory duct obstruction, and associated conditions like hemospermia and acrochordon. The papers cover a wide range of clinical, histopathological, and imaging aspects related to these genitourinary neoplasms.

Keywords

Angiomyxoma; Prostate; Seminal Vesicle; Fibroepithelial Polyps; Ejaculatory Duct Obstruction; Mesenchymal Tumors; Vulvovaginal Pathology; Hemospermia; Acrochordon; Urethral Polyps

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostatic adenocarcinoma between the ages of 20-69: an autopsy study of 249 cases.

1994-05-01

W A Sakr , David J. Grignon , John D. Crissman +4 more

The relationship of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and invasive carcinoma of the prostate is not fully understood. It is generally accepted that HGPIN is a probable preinvasive malignant change or … The relationship of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and invasive carcinoma of the prostate is not fully understood. It is generally accepted that HGPIN is a probable preinvasive malignant change or at least a marker lesion for carcinoma. The prevalence of HGPIN in younger men is not known. Two hundred and forty nine entirely processed prostates from men aged 20-69 were thoroughly evaluated for the presence of PIN and carcinoma. The histologic diagnosis of all positive cases was confirmed by two pathologists. Our results are summarized as follows: Seventy seven percent of the prostates with HGPIN harbored adenocarcinoma, whereas the frequency of cancer in prostates without HGPIN was 24%. HGPIN was encountered in 0, 5, 10, 41 and 63% of men in the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 7th decades, respectively. The corresponding figures for invasive carcinoma were 2, 29, 32, 55, and 64% respectively.

Urologic Surgical Pathology

2020-01-01

edited by David G. Bostwick , Liang Cheng

Campbell-Walsh urology

2012-07-31

Alan J. Wein editor-in-chief

Pathology of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Insight into etiology.

1990-08-01

J E McNeal

Histological variants of prostatic carcinoma and their significance

2011-12-23

Peter A. Humphrey

Humphrey P A (2012) Histopathology 60, Histological variants of prostatic carcinoma and their significance The vast majority of prostatic cancers are acinar adenocarcinomas. Histological variants of prostatic carcinoma have been … Humphrey P A (2012) Histopathology 60, Histological variants of prostatic carcinoma and their significance The vast majority of prostatic cancers are acinar adenocarcinomas. Histological variants of prostatic carcinoma have been variably defined. One approach is to consider two groups of variants. The first group comprises histological variants of acinar adenocarcinoma and the second group non‐acinar carcinoma variants or types. Variants of usual acinar adenocarcinoma defined in 2004 by the World Health Organization (WHO) include atrophic, pseudohyperplastic, foamy, colloid, signet ring, oncocytic and lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinomas. The second group of non‐acinar carcinoma histological variants or types of prostatic carcinoma accounts for about 5–10% of carcinomas that originate in the prostate. These include sarcomatoid carcinoma, ductal adenocarcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, squamous and adenosquamous carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and neuroendocrine tumours, specifically small‐cell carcinoma. Recently characterized variants not present in the 2004 WHO classification, including microcystic adenocarcinoma, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia‐like adenocarcinoma, large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma, are also described. The aims of this review are to present the essential histomorphological diagnostic attributes of these variants, and to emphasize the clinical signficance of the variants, when different from usual acinar adenocarcinoma, including clinical presentation and outcome.

Normal and abnormal development of the male urogenital tract. Role of androgens, mesenchymal-epithelial interactions, and growth factors.

1992-11-01

Gerald R. Cunha , Elaine T. Alarid , T. Turner +3 more

Androgen-dependent male urogenital development occurs via mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in which mesenchyme induces epithelial morphogenesis, regulates epithelial proliferation, and evokes expression of tissue-specific secretory proteins. Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions continue to be important … Androgen-dependent male urogenital development occurs via mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in which mesenchyme induces epithelial morphogenesis, regulates epithelial proliferation, and evokes expression of tissue-specific secretory proteins. Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions continue to be important into adulthood. For example, mesenchyme of the urogenital sinus (UGM) and seminal vesicle (SVM) induce dramatic morphologic and functional changes in various adult epithelia. Since adult epithelial cells are unquestionably responsive to mesenchymes that can elicit expression of alternative morphologic and functional phenotypes, established carcinomas might also be influenced by their connective tissue environment. In this regard, Dunning prostatic tumor has been induced by UGM or SVM to differentiate into tall columnar secretory epithelial cells. This change in cytodifferentiation is associated with a reduction in growth rate and loss of tumorigenesis. The role of soluble growth factors in the mechanism of mesenchymal-epithelial interactions is discussed.

Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma and Hyalinizing Spindle Cell Tumor With Giant Rosettes

2000-10-01

Andrew L. Folpe , Kathryn L. Lane , Gerson Paull +1 more

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare sarcoma characterized by bland histologic features and a paradoxically aggressive clinical course. The hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes (HSCT) is a … Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare sarcoma characterized by bland histologic features and a paradoxically aggressive clinical course. The hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes (HSCT) is a closely related tumor characterized by the presence of giant collagen rosettes. Only a single example of a metastasizing HSCT has been reported. A small subset of both LGFMS and HSCT display areas of increased cellularity and atypia which qualify as intermediate-to high-grade sarcoma; the significance of these features has not been definitively assessed. We present the clinicopathologic features of 77 cases of LGFMS and HSCT to determine the degree of overlap of these two lesions, their biologic behavior, and the significance of the occasional presence of intermediate-to high-grade sarcoma within both. The patients (33 female, 40 male) ranged from 3 to 78 years of age (median, 34 yrs). Fourteen cases occurred in patients less than 18 years of age. The tumors measured from 1 to 23 cm (median, 4.5 cm) and occurred predominantly in the trunk and lower extremities in both the deep (66 cases) and superficial (7 cases) soft tissues. In 15 cases, the tumor was present >1 year before diagnosis. All tumors showed predominantly the typical hypocellularity and bland cytologic features of typical LGFMS; however, areas of hypercellularity and nuclear enlargement and hyperchromatism were identified in 12 of 73 (16%) and 7 of 73 (10%), respectively. Necrosis and mitotic activity >5/50 high-powered fields (HPF) were present in 6 of 73 (8%) and 5 of 73 (7%), respectively. Epithelioid areas were present in 33 of 73 (45%) and rosettes in 22 of 73 (30%). Follow up (54 cases; range, 2–192 mos; median, 24 mos; mean, 38 mos) showed 5 recurrences, 3 metastases, and 1 death. The diagnosis of LGFMS or HSCT was made prospectively in 51 patients; none had metastatic disease. Two of the metastatic tumors were LGFMS and one was a HSCT. LGFMS may occur more often in the pediatric population and show a much wider histologic spectrum than previously thought. A significant number of LGFMS possess inconspicuous collagen rosettes characteristic of HSCT, indicating that these two tumors are ends of a common spectrum rather than distinct entities. HSCT, like LGFMS, are low-grade sarcomas with metastatic potential. The presence of focal areas of intermediate-to high-grade sarcoma does not portend a worse outcome in the short term. The better prognosis reflected in this study compared with previous ones might reflect the fact that all were initially diagnosed as sarcomas and treated with aggressive surgery. The fact that the only three patients to develop metastatic disease were patients whose LGFMS or HSCT was identified retrospectively supports this concept.

Superficial Angiomyxoma

1999-08-01

Eduardo Calonje , Deirdre Guerin , Deirdre McCormick +1 more

Despite being first described in 1988, superficial angiomyxoma is still a poorly recognized cutaneous tumor. Although its histologic features are distinctive, its existence seems not to be widely accepted. We … Despite being first described in 1988, superficial angiomyxoma is still a poorly recognized cutaneous tumor. Although its histologic features are distinctive, its existence seems not to be widely accepted. We analyzed the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features in a series of 39 cases. Twenty-five patients were males; age range was birth to 82 years (median, 45.5 years). Most cases presented as cutaneous papules, nodules, or polypoid lesions. Seventeen tumors arose on the trunk, 14 on the head and neck, and seven on the lower limbs. All cases were treated by local excision, and eight recurred locally. In four of the latter cases, there were two recurrences. Histologically, the lesions were dermal with variable involvement of the subcutis. Tumors were poorly circumscribed, but a focal lobular outline was always identified. Distinctive histologic features included extensive myxoid stroma, numerous small blood vessels, varying cellularity, acellular mucin pools, stellate or bipolar fibroblastic cells, muciphages, a sparse, mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate with notable neutrophils, and occasional plumper cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Cytologic atypia was mild at most, and mitotic figures were rare. In approximately 20% of cases, the primary lesion or its recurrence contained epithelial structures, including epidermoid cysts, thin strands of squamous epithelium, and small buds of basaloid cells. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were negative for S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin, and pan-keratin. We support the concept of superficial angiomyxoma as a distinctive clinicopathologic entity that should be included in the differential diagnosis of other myxoid cutaneous tumors, including dermal nerve sheath myxoma, trichodiscoma and trichofolliculoma, and low-grade myxofibrosarcoma.

Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Interactions in Acetabularia and Other Cells

1963-06-01

J Haemmerling

Evaluation of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in adults: the American Urological Association best practice policy—part I: definition, detection, prevalence, and etiology

2001-04-01

Gary D. Grossfeld , Mark S. Litwin , J. Stuart Wolf +4 more

Angiomyofibroblastoma of the Vulva

1992-04-01

Christopher D.�M. Fletcher , William Y.W. Tsang , Cyril Fisher +2 more

Aggressive angiomyxoma of pelvic soft parts is a rare lesion with a high risk of recurrence. We report 10 cases of angiomyofibroblastoma, a hitherto uncharacterized benign tumor of the vulva … Aggressive angiomyxoma of pelvic soft parts is a rare lesion with a high risk of recurrence. We report 10 cases of angiomyofibroblastoma, a hitherto uncharacterized benign tumor of the vulva histologically mimicking aggressive angiomyxoma. All patients had a vulval mass, often clinically diagnosed as a Bartholin's cyst. There was no recurrence after excision. The tumors were well circumscribed, measuring 0.5–12 cm in maximum dimension. They were characterised by alternating hypercellular and hypocellular edematous zones in which abundant blood vessels (predominantly of the capillary type) were irregularly distributed. Spindled, plump spindled, and oval stromal cells were aggregated around the blood vessels. sometimes forming solid compact foci, or were loosely dispersed in the hypocellular areas. Their nuclei were bland, but rare ones were enlarged and hyperchromatic in four cases. Some cells had abundant eosinophilic hyaline cytoplasm and eccentrically placed nuclei. Mitotic figures were absent or very sparse. Scattered throughout were thin, wavy strands or thick bundles of collagen. Mast cells were readily seen in eight cases. Immunohistochemically, the stromal cells were reactive for vimentin and desmin, but not cytokeratin, muscle-specific actin, a-smooth muscle actin, or S-100 protein. Ultrastructural studies showed well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, abundant intermediate filaments, and pinocytotic vesicles in the stromal cells. Angiomyofibroblastoma can be distinguished from aggressive angiomyxoma by its circumscribed borders, much higher cellularity, more numerous blood vessels (which lack prominent hyalinization), frequent presence of plump stromal cells, minimal stromal mucin, and rarity of erythrocyte extravasation.

Tumors of the Male Genital System

1974-10-01

N. F. C. Gowing

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Aggressive angiomyxoma: A clinicopathologic study of 29 female patients

1996-07-01

John F. Fetsch , William B. Laskin , Martin Lefkowitz +2 more

Aggressive angiomyxoma is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor that preferentially involves the pelvic and perineal regions of females. Since its initial description in 1983, approximately 65 cases have been reported in … Aggressive angiomyxoma is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor that preferentially involves the pelvic and perineal regions of females. Since its initial description in 1983, approximately 65 cases have been reported in the English literature.The clinical and pathologic features of 29 cases of aggressive angiomyxoma were evaluated in a review of archival material from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (1960-1992). Histochemical stains for mucosubstances and immunohistochemistry (avidin-biotin complex method) were utilized to characterize the neoplasms further.All patients were females, between 16 and 70 years (median; 34 years). The soft tissues of the pelvis, perineum, vulva, buttock, retroperitoneum, and inguinal regions were involved. The majority of the tumors were > or = 10 centimeters in greatest dimension. Follow-up ranging from 8 to 198 months (mean, 93 months; median, 95 months) was available for 22 patients. Eight patients developed recurrent tumor, from 10 months to 7 years after the initial resection. No patient developed metastases and there were no tumor related deaths. Histologically, the neoplasms were sparsely to moderately cellular and predominantly composed of bland, relatively nondescript. stellate and spindled cells embedded in a loosely collagenized matrix with scattered vessels of varied caliber. A few cases contained some tumor cells with more abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm that raised the possibility of focal smooth muscle differentiation. The tumor matrix was no more than weakly reactive for mucosubstances; thus, while glycosaminoglycans are present to a limited extent, edema fluid appears to be a major component of the noncollagenous stroma. The neoplastic cells were at least focally immunoreactive for desmin (22/22), smooth muscle actin (19/20), muscle specific actin (16/19), vimentin (17/17), CD34/QBEND-10 (8/16), and estrogen (13/14) and progesterone (9/10) receptor. All of the examined tumors were negative for S100 protein (20/20). Ki67 (MIB1) immunoreactivity was present in <1% of the tumor nuclei in all 16 cases tested.Aggressive angiomyxoma is a distinctive, locally aggressive, mesenchymal tumor that appears to be relatively site specific and has a peak incidence in females in the fourth decade of life. There is a strong propensity for local recurrence but metastatic disease has not been reported. Since the first evidence of recurrence may be many years after the initial resection, long term follow-up is required. The neoplastic cells of aggressive angiomyxoma exhibit fibroblastic and myofibroblastic features and appear to be hormonally influenced. The possibility that the progenitor cell has a capacity for smooth muscle differentiation is raised.

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CONDYLOMATOUS LESIONS OF THE CERVIX. II. CYTOLOGIC, COLPOSCOPIC AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC STUDY

1978-03-01

Alexander Meisels , R Fortin , Michel Roy

Department of Pathology and Cytodiagnostic Center, Saint-Sacrement Hospital and Laval University, Quebec, Canada Department of Pathology and Cytodiagnostic Center, Saint-Sacrement Hospital and Laval University, Quebec, Canada

Aggressive angiomyxoma: a second case of metastasis with patient’s death

2003-10-01

Stella Blandamura , Julia Cruz , Lourdes Faure Vergara +2 more

ELECTROLYTE PATTERN OF THE BLOOD AFTER BILATERAL URETEROSIGMOIDOSTOMY

1950-03-04

Deward O. Ferris

A year and a half ago Marshall, 1 in discussing transplantation of the ureters and total cystectomy, wrote as follows, If the ureters are transplanted to the bowel above a … A year and a half ago Marshall, 1 in discussing transplantation of the ureters and total cystectomy, wrote as follows, If the ureters are transplanted to the bowel above a normal anal sphincter the patient does not need apparatus, is socially acceptable, and except for the necessity of sitting to urinate, which half the population does naturally, appears outwardly normal. However, the problem is not simple because the immediate and late risks of uretero-intestinal anastomosis are not only greater but are usually of more grave importance than after skin transplantation. The very normalcy which such patients enjoy, however, may in a sense be responsible for one of the serious complications of the procedure. We wish to report at this time briefly on some of our experiences with a group of such patients. About four years ago one of us (D. O. F.) observedthat after both ureters have been transplanted

Microscopic hematuria in schoolchildren: Epidemiology and clinicopathologic evaluation

1979-11-01

V. Matti Vehaskari , Juhani Rapola , Olli Koskimies +3 more

Rubella: Historical Aspects

1969-07-01

J. A. Forbes

THE tangible history of rubella encompasses a period of about 150 years. Its early status of bastard measles and scarlet fever became increasingly legitimate for about a century, but, among … THE tangible history of rubella encompasses a period of about 150 years. Its early status of bastard measles and scarlet fever became increasingly legitimate for about a century, but, among the spectacular contagions of the time, rubella was disparaged until 1941 when it received the imprimatur of greatness. Not only did it achieve a place in the hierachy as an infectious disease with exceedingly subtle severe effects but also respect by exemplifying a new concept of infectious processes. From early in the 18th century German descriptions of a new entity called Rötheln were viewed with slowly diminishing skepticism. The names of de Bergen,1Jahn,2Maton,3Wagner,4and Homans5are prominently associated with the early descriptions of the disease. The growing acceptance of Rötheln or German measles as an epidemic entity is reflected in a paper in theEdinburgh Medical Journalin 1866 by Veale,6

The proliferative function of basal cells in the normal and hyperplastic human prostate

1994-03-01

Helmut Bonkhoff , Ulrike Stein , K. Remberger

Abstract To obtain more insight into the proliferative function of basal and secretory cell types in human prostate, we studied the immunoprofile of three well‐characterized proliferation‐associated antigens (Ki‐67, PCNA, MIB … Abstract To obtain more insight into the proliferative function of basal and secretory cell types in human prostate, we studied the immunoprofile of three well‐characterized proliferation‐associated antigens (Ki‐67, PCNA, MIB 1) in normal and hyperplastic prostate tissue. Distinction between labeled basal and secretory cell types was made by simultaneous demonstration of the proliferation‐associated antigens and basal cell‐specific cytokeratins in identical sections. In normal and hyperplastic acini, approximately 70% of labeled cells were of the basal cell phenotype. These data clearly suggest that the proliferative compartment of the normal and hyperplastic epithelium is located in the basal cell layer. Compared to normal and hyperplastic conditions, severe proliferative abnormalities were detected in high‐grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasias (PIN), as documented by the extension of the proliferative compartment up to the luminal border. Conversely, approximately 70% of proliferating cells detected in atypical hyperplasias that progressed in invasive carcinomas were localized in the remaining basal cell layer. These findings may indicate the proliferative role of basal cells in the epithelial renewal, and the development of hyperplastic and neoplastic disorders in the human prostate. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Cell differentiation lineage in the prostate

2001-10-01

Yuzhuo Wang , Simon W. Hayward , Mei Cao +2 more

Aggressive angiomyxoma of pelvic soft parts: A clinicopathologic study of nine cases

1985-06-01

Louis R. Bégin , Philip B. Clement , Mary Ellen Kirk +3 more

Fetal Cystic Hygroma

1983-10-06

Frank A. Chervenak , Glenn Isaacson , Karin J. Blakemore +6 more

Fetal cystic hygromas are congenital malformations of the lymphatic system appearing as single or multiloculated fluid-filled cavities, most often about the neck. They are thought to arise from failure of … Fetal cystic hygromas are congenital malformations of the lymphatic system appearing as single or multiloculated fluid-filled cavities, most often about the neck. They are thought to arise from failure of the lymphatic system to communicate with the venous system in the neck. They often progress to hydrops and cause fetal death. In an effort to delineate the cause and natural history of this disorder, we studied 15 consecutive cases of nuchal hygroma detected prenatally by ultrasound. None of the 15 fetuses ultimately survived. Thirteen fetuses were hydropic at the time of diagnosis; nine either died or were bradycardic in utero before abortion; one died a few hours after birth. Eleven fetuses (73 per cent) had karyotypes consistent with Turner's syndrome, and an additional fetus with female genitalia had a 46,XY karyotype. Three fetuses had 46,XX karyotypes, and two of these had multiple malformations. When a hygroma is detected during fetal life, careful sonographic examination of the entire fetus, determination of the fetal karyotype, and an evaluation of the family history are indicated.

Prostate specific membrane antigen expression in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma

1998-06-01

David G. Bostwick , Anna Pacelli , Michael L. Blute +2 more

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSM) is a membrane-bound antigen that is highly specific for benign and malignant prostate epithelial cells. Its expression in high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) has … Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSM) is a membrane-bound antigen that is highly specific for benign and malignant prostate epithelial cells. Its expression in high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) has not been compared with that in prostate carcinoma.The authors performed an immunohistochemical study of representative sections from 184 radical prostatectomies from previously untreated patients with pathologic stage T2N0M0 adenocarcinoma treated at the Mayo Clinic between 1987 and 1991. Affinity-purified monoclonal antibody 7E11-5.3 directed against PSM was employed at a concentration of 20 microg/mL overnight. For comparison, serial sections in each case were stained with prostate specific antigen (PSA). Staining for all antibodies was performed using the streptavidin-biotin method. For each case, the percentage of immunoreactive cells in benign epithelium, PIN, and adenocarcinoma was estimated in increments of 10%. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify the risk of carcinoma recurrence according to the number of immunoreactive PIN or cancer cells for PSM and PSA; the date of radical prostatectomy was used as the starting time, and serum PSA (biochemical) failure or clinical failure was the event. PSA biochemical failure was defined as serum PSA > 0.2 ng/mL at least 30 days after surgery.Intense cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for PSM was observed in the benign and neoplastic epithelial cells in all cases (100% of cases staining). The number of cells staining was lower in benign epithelium and PIN than in adenocarcinoma (69.5+/-17.3% [range, 20-90%] vs. 77.9+/-13.2% [range, 30-100%] vs. 80.2+/-13.7% [range, 30-100%], respectively). With rare exceptions, basal cells were negative, and there was no immunoreactivity of the prostate stroma, urothelium, or vasculature. Adenocarcinoma gave the most intense and extensive staining, and the highest grades of adenocarcinoma (Gleason primary patterns 4 and 5) showed staining in virtually every cell; there was greater heterogeneity of staining in lower grades of adenocarcinoma. By contrast, PSA immunoreactivity was more intense and extensive in benign epithelium than in PIN and adenocarcinoma. The number of immunoreactive PIN or cancer cells for PSM and PSA was not predictive of PSA biochemical or clinical failure as defined in this study.PSM was expressed in all cases of prostate adenocarcinoma, with the greatest extent and intensity observed in the highest grades. The expression increased incrementally from benign epithelium to high grade PIN or adenocarcinoma. Conversely, PSA showed the greatest staining in benign epithelium, with decreased expression incrementally from benign epithelium to high grade PIN or adenocarcinoma. Expression of PSM is clinically useful for the identification of prostate epithelium, particularly PIN or adenocarcinoma, and its expression is regulated independent of PSA. The number of PSM immunoreactive cells was not predictive of recurrence, most likely because of the presence of abundant immunoreactivity in most cases, or because of differential expression in primary and metastatic disease.

Intra-prostatic Urinary Reflux: an Aetiological Factor in Abacterial Prostatitis

1982-12-01

Roger Kirby , David Lowe , M. I. Bultitude +1 more

That urine might reflux into the prostatic ducts during micturition has never before been proved. Using a suspension of carbon particles it has been demonstrated that this can occur. It … That urine might reflux into the prostatic ducts during micturition has never before been proved. Using a suspension of carbon particles it has been demonstrated that this can occur. It is suggested that this may be important both as a route of infection in bacterial prostatitis and as a cause of the inflammatory process in abacterial prostatitis.

The Mechanisms and Prognostic Significance of Seminal Vesicle Involvement by Prostate Cancer

1993-12-01

Makoto Ohori , Peter T. Scardino , STEPHEN L. LAPIN +3 more

To assess the mechanisms and prognostic significance of seminal vesicle involvement (SVI) by prostatic adenocarcinoma, we analyzed 312 radical prostatectomy specimens obtained from patients with T1-T3 prostate cancer. Detailed pathological … To assess the mechanisms and prognostic significance of seminal vesicle involvement (SVI) by prostatic adenocarcinoma, we analyzed 312 radical prostatectomy specimens obtained from patients with T1-T3 prostate cancer. Detailed pathological examination demonstrated three patterns of SVI. Type I involvement was direct spread along the ejaculatory duct complex into the seminal vesicles. Type II involvement was spread outside of the prostate, through the capsule, and then into the seminal vesicle. Type III involvement was characterized by the finding of isolated deposits of cancer in the seminal vesicle with no contiguous primary cancer in the prostate. We found SVI in 64 patients (21%), who have been followed for a mean of 31 months (range 1-101). A defining criterion for progression was clinically apparent local or distant recurrence or a postoperative serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) ≥0.4 ng/ml (Hybritech). Type I SVI was found in 17 (26%), Type II in 21 (33%), and Type III in 8 (13%) cases. In 18 patients (28%), the pattern of SVI appeared to be a combination of types I and II (categorized as Type I+ 11). Type III (isolated metastasis) SVI was associated with significantly smaller cancers (median, 3.13 vs. 6.7 cc; p<0.0005) and fewer positive margins (0 vs. 32%; p=0.05) than in other types. Type II SVI, with direct extension through the capsule, was associated with a significantly higher risk of lymph node metastasis (8 vs. 33%; p<0.05). When patients with lymph node metastases were excluded, there was a trend toward a more favorable prognosis (p=0.09) for patients with type III SVI than with other types. Overall, patients with type III SVI had a progression-free survival rate similar to that of 83 patients with extracapsular extension without SVI. We conclude that the prognostic significance of SVI may not be uniformly ominous; instead, it may depend on the specific mechanism of involvement and the pathologic features of the primary tumor

Prostatic Intra-Epithelial Neoplasia and Early Invasion in Prostate Cancer

1987-02-15

David G. Bostwick , Michael K. Brawer

Prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (PIN, or intraductal dysplasia) is considered a precursor of invasive carcinoma, characterized by proliferation and anaplasia of cells lining prostatic ducts and acini. The highest grade of … Prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (PIN, or intraductal dysplasia) is considered a precursor of invasive carcinoma, characterized by proliferation and anaplasia of cells lining prostatic ducts and acini. The highest grade of PIN, Grade 3, is thought to represent carcinoma in situ. To quantitate the degree of disruption of the basal cell layer in human prostatic ducts and acini as a potential marker of early invasion in PIN, a monoclonal antibody to keratin proteins of 49, 51, 57, and 66 kd which selectively labels the prostatic basal cell layer was used. A total of 1093 acini with PIN were identified in 14 cases with invasive carcinoma. Tumor cells consistently failed to be decorated with this antibody. The frequency of disruption of the basal cell layer increased with increasing grades of PIN, with disruption present in 0.7% of cases of PIN 1, 15% of cases of PIN 2, and 56% of cases of PIN 3. The amount of disruption of the basal cell layer also increased with increasing grades of PIN, with loss of more than one third of the basal layer in 52% of foci of PIN 3 compared with less than 2% in lower grades of PIN. Disruption of the basal layer was more common in acini adjacent to invasive carcinoma than in distant acini. These findings suggest that early invasion in prostate cancer is characterized by disruption of the basal layer, and that invasion occurs commonly in association with foci of high-grade prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia.

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Postoperative spindle cell nodules of genitourinary tract resembling sarcomas A report of eight cases

1984-02-01

Karl H. Proppe , Robert E. Scully , Juan Rosaí

Eight cases of proliferative spindle cell nodules that developed 5 weeks to 3 months after operations on the lower genital tract of four women, and the lower urinary tract of … Eight cases of proliferative spindle cell nodules that developed 5 weeks to 3 months after operations on the lower genital tract of four women, and the lower urinary tract of four men, are described. The lesions ranged up to 4 cm in diameter, resembled spindle cell sarcomas on microscopical examination, and were initially interpreted as such in most of the cases. Six of the lesions were treated by local excision alone, and two by a radical surgical procedure, followed by radiation therapy in one case. The six patients whose lesions were treated inadequately on the assumption that they were sarcomas were free of disease 9–60 months (average, 28 months) postoperatively, and the two men who were treated by radical procedures were well 18 and 60 months later. The microscopic features, the unusual clinical setting, and the favorable prognosis of these lesions suggest that they were examples of a hitherto undescribed form of benign reactive lesion resembling a sarcoma.

Infection in the male reproductive tract. Impact, diagnosis and treatment in relation to male infertility

1993-02-01

K. Purvis , Einar Christiansen

Summary The following are the conclusions that can be derived from a review of the literature regarding the role of infection in the aetiology of male infertility. (i) Temporary inflammatory … Summary The following are the conclusions that can be derived from a review of the literature regarding the role of infection in the aetiology of male infertility. (i) Temporary inflammatory episodes in the male reproductive tract which are self‐limiting are probably common. (ii) Caution should be exercised in the use of leukospermia or bacteriospermia as parameters for glandular infection. (iii) There is a need for alternative techniques for detecting non‐symptomatic deep pelvic infections in the male; one technique of great promise is rectal ultrasound. (iv) Rectal ultrasound indicates that a large number of men with poor sperm quality have a non‐symptomatic, chronic prostatovesiculitis. (v) Increasing evidence implicates Chlamydia trachomatis as being a major cause of chronic non‐bacterial prostatitis. (vi) An important aspect of chlamydial infections in men may be that the male accessory sex glands may function as reservoirs for the organism, increasing the probability of infection in the female. (vii) Ureaplasma urealyticum may also play an important aetiological role in male infertility but its significance is confounded by its acknowledged function as a commensal in the reproductive tract. (viii) One of the manifestations of male reproductive tract infectiw is the induction of sperm autoantibodies. (ix) There is a need for more systematic controlled studies of the effects of antibiotic treatment on sperm quality with different preparations for extended periods using patient groups in which a glandular infection has been verified, e.g. by rectal ultrasonography.

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Cellular Angiofibroma

2004-10-15

Yoko Iwasa , Christopher D.�M. Fletcher

Cellular angiofibroma is a recently described histologically distinctive benign mesenchymal neoplasm composed of 2 principal components, the cellular spindle cell component and prominent stromal blood vessels. Cases in males have … Cellular angiofibroma is a recently described histologically distinctive benign mesenchymal neoplasm composed of 2 principal components, the cellular spindle cell component and prominent stromal blood vessels. Cases in males have sometimes been called "angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumor." We describe a series of 51 cases of cellular angiofibroma to further characterize its clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features. There were 26 women and 25 men, ranging in age from 22 to 78 years (mean 53.5, median 52 years). Men tended to be older than women. Tumor size ranged from 0.6 to 25.0 cm (overall median size 3.9 cm, median in women 2.7 cm, median in men 6.7 cm). Most common sites were the vulvovaginal region (22 cases) and the inguinoscrotal region (19 cases). Preoperative duration (known for 25 patients) ranged from 1 week to 5 years, with presentation as a painless mass, except for 1 case each with intermittent genital bleeding and a painful mass. Most lesions were located primarily in subcutaneous tissue. Most cases were grossly well marginated. Two cases showed foci of hemorrhage and 1 case showed foci of necrosis. Microscopically, 41 tumors were well circumscribed, and 2 tumors infiltrated into the surrounding tissue. All tumors consisted of bland, spindle-shaped cells, short bundles of wispy collagen and numerous small- to medium-sized thick-walled vessels. Intralesional fat was present in 12 cases (6 female and 6 male cases). Mild cytologic atypia (5 cases) and frequent mitoses (3 cases) were infrequent; significant nuclear atypia and abnormal mitoses were absent. By immunohistochemistry, 29 of 48 tumors (60%) expressed CD34, 10 of 48 (21%) SMA, 4 of 48 (8%) desmin, but none expressed S-100 protein. Follow-up information was available for 40 patients (range 4-168 months; mean 31.2 months) and no patient has developed recurrence or metastasis to date.

Properties of human seminal plasma

1935-05-13

M. W. Goldblatt

Superficial acral fibromyxoma: A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 37 cases of a distinctive soft tissue tumor with a predilection for the fingers and toes

2001-07-01

John F. Fetsch , William B. Laskin , Markku Miettinen

Vulvovaginal soft tissue tumours: update and review

2000-02-01

Nucci , Fletcher

Differences in biological behaviour make familiarity with (and accurate diagnosis of) vulvovaginal soft tissue tumours essential. Since ancillary studies such as immunoperoxidase staining and electron microscopy may not always be … Differences in biological behaviour make familiarity with (and accurate diagnosis of) vulvovaginal soft tissue tumours essential. Since ancillary studies such as immunoperoxidase staining and electron microscopy may not always be helpful in their distinction, one must often rely on morphological features to distinguish between different tumour types. This is particularly pertinent with regard to the relatively site‐specific stromal tumours of this region. The purpose of this review article is to reacquaint the reader with these specific types of vulvovaginal soft tissue tumour, particularly focusing upon the salient morphological features that help in their distinction, as well as to review their clinical aspects and pathogenesis. The following soft tissue lesions are described: fibroepithelial stromal polyp, cellular angiofibroma, angiomyofibroblastoma, superficial angiomyxoma and aggressive angiomyxoma. Because of continued difficulty in predicting their behaviour, a discussion of vulvar smooth muscle tumours is also included, with a particular focus upon a practical approach to their diagnosis.

The cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in man

1963-01-01

Y. Clermont

Aggressive angiomyxoma of the female pelvis and perineum

1983-07-01

Theresa A. Steeper , Juan Rosaí

Nine case of a distinctive soft tissue tumor of the female pelvis and perineum are described. They were characterized by their occurrence in young women (ages 21-38), large size (up … Nine case of a distinctive soft tissue tumor of the female pelvis and perineum are described. They were characterized by their occurrence in young women (ages 21-38), large size (up to 60 X 20 cm), locally infiltrative nature, and grossly gelatinous appearance. The initial clinical impression was usually that of a Bartholin gland cyst. The microscopic appearance was that of spindle or stellate cells widely separated by a loose myxoid stroma focally rich in collagen fibrils, a prominent vascular component, including many large thick-walled vessels without an arborizing pattern, and foci of proliferating glandular elements in two cases. Mitotic activity was exceedingly low. Ultrastructural study of the spindle cells showed features consistent with myofibroblastic differentiation. Four patients developed large local recurrences; one tumor recurred twice, 14 and 15 years after initial excision. No distant metastases have been documented to date, and all patients are alive and well. The differential diagnosis of this unusual tumor includes myxoma, myxoid liposarcoma, sarcoma botryoides, myxoid variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, nerve sheath myxoma, and other soft tissue tumors with secondary myxoid changes. We have chosen the term "aggressive angiomyxoma" for this neoplasm to emphasize the neoplastic nature of the blood vessels and its locally infiltrative and recurrent nature.

Paraffin-Section Detection of CD10 in 505 Nonhematopoietic Neoplasms

2000-03-01

Peiguo Chu , Daniel A. Arber

We tested 505 cases of nonhematopoietic neoplasms by immunohistochemistry using a newly characterized monoclonal antibody (clone 56C6) against the CD10 antigen. CD10 was expressed widely in neoplasms of the genitourinary … We tested 505 cases of nonhematopoietic neoplasms by immunohistochemistry using a newly characterized monoclonal antibody (clone 56C6) against the CD10 antigen. CD10 was expressed widely in neoplasms of the genitourinary tract, including 41 (89%) of 46 cases of renal cell carcinoma, 13 (54%) of 24 cases of transitional cell carcinoma, and 11 (61%) of 18 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma. In addition, 5 (100%) of 5 endometrial stromal sarcomas, 3 (60%) of 5 rhabdomyosarcomas, 7 (50%) of 14 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, 5 (45%) of 11 cases of schwannoma, and 12 (40%) of 30 cases of malignant melanoma also were positive for CD10. Similar to normal tissue, CD10 positivity was restricted to the apical surface of malignant glandular cells of well-differentiated colonic, pancreatic, and prostatic adenocarcinoma, whereas in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and other tumors, such as melanoma, transitional cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and endometrial stromal sarcoma, the CD10 positivity showed diffuse cytoplasmic or membranous/Golgi patterns. The monoclonal antibody clone 56C6 is a reliable marker for CD10 in paraffin immunohistochemistry after heat-induced epitope retrieval. CD10 expression in renal cell carcinoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma may be a useful marker in the differential diagnoses of these tumors because both tumors otherwise lack specific markers.

Cellular Angiofibroma: A Benign Neoplasm Distinct from Angiomyofibroblastoma and Spindle Cell Lipoma

1997-06-01

Marisa R. Nucci , Scott R. Granter , Christopher D.�M. Fletcher

Four cases of a distinctive soft-tissue tumor of the vulva are described. They were characterized by occurrence in middle-aged women (39-50 years), small size (<3 cm), and a usually well-circumscribed … Four cases of a distinctive soft-tissue tumor of the vulva are described. They were characterized by occurrence in middle-aged women (39-50 years), small size (<3 cm), and a usually well-circumscribed margin. The preoperative clinical diagnosis was that of a labial or Bartholin gland cyst in three of the four cases. The microscopic appearance was remarkably consistent and was characterized by a cellular neoplasm composed of uniform, bland, spindled stromal cells, numerous thick-walled and often hyalinized vessels, and a scarce component of mature adipocytes. Mitotic activity was brisk in three cases (up to 11 mitoses per 10 high power fields). The stromal cells were positive for vimentin and negative for CD34, S-100 protein, actin, desmin, and epithelial membrane antigen, suggesting fibroblastic differentiation. Two patients with follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence. The differential diagnosis of this distinctive tumor includes aggressive angiomyxoma, angiomyofibroblastoma, spindle cell lipoma, solitary fibrous tumor, perineurioma, and leiomyoma. The designation of "cellular angiofibroma" is chosen to emphasize the two principal components of this tumor: the cellular spindle cell component and the prominent blood vessels.

Biological classification of soft-tissue vascular anomalies: MR correlation.

1991-09-01

James S. Meyer , Fredric A. Hoffer , Patrick D. Barnes +1 more

Biological classification of soft-tissue vascular anomalies: MR correlation.J S Meyer, F A Hoffer, P D Barnes and J B MullikenAudio Available | Share Biological classification of soft-tissue vascular anomalies: MR correlation.J S Meyer, F A Hoffer, P D Barnes and J B MullikenAudio Available | Share

The zonal anatomy of the prostate

1981-01-01

John E. McNeal

Earlier morphologic studies of the prostate, though often extensive, have never systematically delineated its completed structure. Recent comprehensive analysis of 500 prostates has more precisely defined its anatomic composition, identifying … Earlier morphologic studies of the prostate, though often extensive, have never systematically delineated its completed structure. Recent comprehensive analysis of 500 prostates has more precisely defined its anatomic composition, identifying previously undetected features and unsuspected complexities. Using a three-dimensional model, these structures and relationships are demonstrated. Four basic anatomic regions are described. The relationship of each to the urethra provides a central anatomic reference point. 1. The peripheral zone constitutes over 70% of the glandular prostate. It forms a disc of tissue whose ducts radiate laterally from the urethra lateral and distal to the verumontanum. Almost all carcinomas arise here. 2. The central zone constitutes 25% of the glandular prostate. Its ducts arise close to the ejaculatory duct orifices and follow these ducts proximally, branching laterally near the prostate base. Its lateral border fuses with the proximal peripheral zone border, completing in continuity with the peripheral zone, a full disc of secretory tissue oriented in a coronal plane. Marked histologic differences between central and peripheral zones suggest important biologic differences. 3. Preprostatic region. The urethral segment proximal to the verumontanum is kinked anteriorly at a 35-degree angle to the distal segment. No major ducts arise in the proximal segment, but the lateral rows of peripheral zone orifices continue. Duct development is aborted here, producing only a small transition zone and several tinier periurethral ducts. The development of these small ducts is possibly determined and limited by their intimate relationship to a periurethral smooth muscle sphincter that exists only proximal to the verumontanum. These small ducts in a restricted area are the exclusive site of nodular hyperplasia (BPH) origin. 4. The anterior fibromuscular stroma forms the entire anterior surface of the prostate as a thick, nonglandular apron, shielding from view the anterior surface of the three glandular regions. Its inseparable fusion to the glandular prostate has probably delayed recognition of the anatomic features described here.

Ejaculatory duct obstruction in subfertile males: analysis of 87 patients

1991-10-01

John P. Pryor , W. F. HENDRY

The 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs—Part A: Renal, Penile, and Testicular Tumours

2016-02-28

Holger Moch , Antonio L. Cubilla , Peter A. Humphrey +2 more

Superficial Angiomyxomas with and without Epithelial Components

1988-07-01

Paul Allen , R. B. Dymock , Lesley MacCormac

This paper describes 30 uncommon dermal and subcutaneous angiomyxoid tumors in 28 patients whose ages ranged from 4 to 78 years (mean, 39 years). There were 16 male patients and … This paper describes 30 uncommon dermal and subcutaneous angiomyxoid tumors in 28 patients whose ages ranged from 4 to 78 years (mean, 39 years). There were 16 male patients and 12 female patients. Tumor size varied from 0.5 to 9 cm, with the majority measuring 1-5 cm. Eleven tumors (37%) were located on the trunk, ten (33%) on the lower extremity, five (17%) on the head or neck, and four (13%) on the arm. Microscopically, there were moderately to sparsely cellular angiomyxoid nodules with scattered small vessels. Nine tumors had an epidermal component that took the form of a keratin-filled cyst or epithelial strands. The angiomyxoid components of all 30 tumors were morphologically similar. Electron microscopy showed fibroblastic stromal cells, proteoglycan matrix, and collagen fibers. The S-100 protein stain was negative in two tumors, and the vimentin stain was positive in stromal cells in one tumor. Follow-up information obtained for 20 of the 28 patients included data on eight tumors with epithelial components. Five (63%) of those eight tumors recurred once; three had not recurred, and one patient developed a new and separate purely angiomyxoid tumor. Three (23%) of 13 tumors without epithelial components recurred. None recurred more than once, and none metastasized. We suspect that superficial angiomyxoma, cutaneous focal mucinosis, trichogenic myxoma, trichogenic adnexal tumors, trichodiscoma, myxoid perifollicular fibromas, trichofolliculomas and fibrofolliculomas, the Carney complex, NAME and LAMB syndromes are all closely related. We also believe that the solitary superficial angiomyxoma with no epithelial elements is the most common manifestation of these myxoid tumors.

Origin and evolution of benign prostatic enlargement.

1978-01-01

McNeal Je

Important features of the origin and evolution of benign prostatic enlargement (BPH) remain unclarified, partly because of imprecision in previous morphologic observations. Precise, quantitative analysis was applied to BPH development … Important features of the origin and evolution of benign prostatic enlargement (BPH) remain unclarified, partly because of imprecision in previous morphologic observations. Precise, quantitative analysis was applied to BPH development in 63 autopsy prostates. BPH nodules originated selectively from a very small region, near a cylindrical urethral sphincter above the verumontanum, and usually on the outer aspect of that sphincter laterally. They arose in a newly described transition zone, in which the unique mingling of prostatic glands with sphincteric stroma may be implicated in BPH pathogenesis. Nodules originate through eccentric duct budding toward a focus, suggesting local stromal inductive effects. BPH evolved through three processes: early diffuse gland growth, small nodule proliferation, and later nodule enlargement. If these are independent processes, BPH etiology may be multifactorial.

The prostatic capsule: does it exist? Its importance in the staging and treatment of prostatic carcinoma.

1989-01-01

Alberto G. Ayala , Jae Y. Ro , Richard J. Babaian +2 more

Pathologic evaluation of tumor extent in a radical prostatectomy specimen for prostatic adenocarcinoma is extremely important in staging and planning further therapy. We studied whole-organ sections of 50 prostate glands, … Pathologic evaluation of tumor extent in a radical prostatectomy specimen for prostatic adenocarcinoma is extremely important in staging and planning further therapy. We studied whole-organ sections of 50 prostate glands, obtained at either radical prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma or cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer, to evaluate the so-called capsule of the prostate, the prostatic apex, and the surgical margins. The outer surface of the prostatic portion of the specimen was totally inked with different colors for the anterior, posterior, left, and right areas. Cross sections were processed for histologic examination, and the apex (distal 1.5 cm) was amputated and radially sectioned (like a cervical cone). We found that the "capsule" is made up of a band of concentrically placed fibromuscular tissue that is an inseparable component of the prostatic stroma. The outer surface of this tissue gives rise to a few bundles of fibromuscular stroma that penetrate and disappear into the periprostatic connective tissue stroma. The apex is sparse in glandular elements, particularly in the anterior portion, and the outer fibromuscular layer is no longer present. Thus we conclude that the prostate does not have a true capsule, but only an outer fibromuscular band.

Premature Ejaculation: A Review of 1130 Cases

1943-09-01

Bernard Schapiro

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Sep 1943Premature Ejaculation: A Review of 1130 Cases Bernard Schapiro Bernard SchapiroBernard Schapiro View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)70462-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1943 … No AccessJournal of Urology1 Sep 1943Premature Ejaculation: A Review of 1130 Cases Bernard Schapiro Bernard SchapiroBernard Schapiro View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)70462-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1943 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byWALDINGER M (2018) The Neurobiological Approach to Premature EjaculationJournal of Urology, VOL. 168, NO. 6, (2359-2367), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2002.Kuhr C, Heiman J, Cardenas D, Bradley W and Berger R (2018) Premature Emission After Spinal Cord InjuryJournal of Urology, VOL. 153, NO. 2, (429-431), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1995.Damrau F (2018) Premature Ejaculation: Use of Ethyl Aminobenzoate to Prolong CoitusJournal of Urology, VOL. 89, NO. 6, (936-939), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1963. Volume 50Issue 3September 1943Page: 374-379 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1943 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Bernard Schapiro More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Technique for Laparoscopic Running Urethrovesical Anastomosis: The Single Knot Method

2020-04-18

Roland van Velthoven , Thomas E. Ahlering , Douglas Skarecky +2 more

Tumors of the Male Genital System

1977-01-01

F.K. Mostofi , Edward B. Price

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the seminal vesicles: report of a rare case with diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic insights

2025-06-20

Faisal Saeed , Adeboye O. Osunkoya | Diagnostic Pathology

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumors (MESTs) of the seminal vesicle are exceptionally rare neoplasms composed of both epithelial and stromal elements, posing significant diagnostic challenges due to their rarity and … Mixed epithelial and stromal tumors (MESTs) of the seminal vesicle are exceptionally rare neoplasms composed of both epithelial and stromal elements, posing significant diagnostic challenges due to their rarity and overlapping characteristics with other pelvic neoplasms. We describe a 45-year-old patient with chronic pelvic pain and obstructive urinary symptoms. Imaging revealed a large cystic and solid mass involving his seminal vesicles, with significant mass effect on adjacent structures. Differential diagnoses included seminal vesicle adenocarcinoma and sarcoma. Complete surgical resection and subsequent histopathological analysis confirmed a low-grade seminal vesicle MEST with biphasic epithelial and stromal components, lacking atypia or notable mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed stromal positivity for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), smooth muscle actin, desmin, and CD34, and epithelial positivity for PAX8, PAX2, CK7, and MUC-6, supporting the diagnosis. The patient remains disease-free 32 months post-surgery. Seminal vesicle MESTs are rare and histologically diverse tumors, with pathogenesis likely hormonally influenced given ER and PR expression. Diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary approach, including imaging, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Surgical excision is the preferred treatment, offering an excellent prognosis for low-grade cases. This case emphasizes the importance of detailed documentation to improve understanding and management of these rare tumors, and its prognosis.

The Prostate Sarcoma – A Diagnostic Challenge Initially Suspected as Prostatitis

2025-06-20

David Weiss , Arne Bischoff , Tariq Takla +2 more | Swiss Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

Prostatic sarcomas are rare and aggressive malignancies, often presenting with nonspecific symptoms that mimic benign urological conditions, potentially leading to diagnostic delays [1]. This case outlines the clinical course of … Prostatic sarcomas are rare and aggressive malignancies, often presenting with nonspecific symptoms that mimic benign urological conditions, potentially leading to diagnostic delays [1]. This case outlines the clinical course of a 42-year-old male with a prostatic sarcoma, emphasizing the importance of early imaging, histopathological assessment, and multidisciplinary oncological management. This case underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion in patients with atypical or refractory urological symptoms. It also highlights the critical role of a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing urology, oncology, radiology, and pathology, in managing such rare malignancies. Ultimately, the case emphasizes the ongoing need for novel and more effective systemic therapies to improve outcomes.

Evaluación Clínica y Diagnóstico de la Hiperplasia Prostática Benigna

2025-06-19

N. Marcano | Revista venezolana de urología/Revista Venezolana de Urología

En la medida en que el hombre va envejeciendo, van apareciendo signos y síntomas del crecimiento histológico de la glándula prostática. La glándula prostática es un órgano impar, fibro muscular … En la medida en que el hombre va envejeciendo, van apareciendo signos y síntomas del crecimiento histológico de la glándula prostática. La glándula prostática es un órgano impar, fibro muscular y glandular, ubicada en la pelvis, por detrás del pubis, delante del recto, e inmediatamente por debajo de la vejiga. La próstata produce parte del líquido seminal, proporcionando nutrientes y un medio adecuado para la supervivencia de los espermatozoides.

Seminal vesicle status and its association with semen parameters in congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD)

2025-06-18

Iman Shamohammadi , Abdolreza Haghpanah , Ali Eslahi +3 more | Basic and Clinical Andrology

Abstract Background Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) is a rare condition associated with male infertility. CBAVD is often accompanied by other genitourinary anomalies, including abnormalities or agenesis … Abstract Background Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) is a rare condition associated with male infertility. CBAVD is often accompanied by other genitourinary anomalies, including abnormalities or agenesis of the seminal vesicles and kidneys. While it is expected that CBAVD always coexists with seminal vesicle agenesis due to a shared embryologic origin, some studies report the presence of seminal vesicles in certain CBAVD patients. This study aims to assess the status of seminal vesicles in CBAVD patients and explore the relationship between seminal vesicle presence and semen parameters. Methods In this multi-center, retrospective cross-sectional study, we reviewed data from 47 CBAVD patients diagnosed between 1994 and 2024. Data collected included demographic information (age, height, weight, BMI), physical examination findings (vas palpation), and imaging results (trans-rectal ultrasound for seminal vesicle status, abdominal and pelvic ultrasound for kidney status). Laboratory data included serum FSH, LH, and testosterone levels, as well as semen analysis results (pH, fructose, and volume). Patients were classified into three groups based on seminal vesicle status: bilateral agenesis, unilateral agenesis, and bilateral presence. Results Among the 47 CBAVD patients, 29 had bilateral agenesis of the seminal vesicles, 9 had unilateral agenesis, and 9 had bilateral presence. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding weight, height, BMI, or serum levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone. Additionally, semen analysis revealed that 89.4% of patients had abnormal pH, 93.6% had abnormal volume, and all patients had abnormal semen fructose. There were no significant differences between the groups in semen pH, fructose, or volume. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the presence or absence of seminal vesicles in CBAVD patients does not significantly affect semen parameters. This may be due to dysfunction of the seminal vesicles in those with a present organ.

Incidental Detection of Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in Penile Urethra on 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT

2025-06-16

Shih‐Hao Wang , Lien-Yen Wang , Chia-Ying Li +2 more | Clinical Nuclear Medicine

We report the case of an 88-year-old man with suspected biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer, in whom 18 F-fluciclovine PET/CT was performed in the context of rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) … We report the case of an 88-year-old man with suspected biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer, in whom 18 F-fluciclovine PET/CT was performed in the context of rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Incidental identification of penile urethral activity was observed. A subsequent urethral biopsy revealed a treatment-related, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostatic origin, with metastasis to the penile urethra.

Current perspectives on lacertus syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment

2025-06-16

J. Terrence Jose Jerome , Gopika Surendran | International Orthopaedics

P27 Zinner's syndrome: Incidental finding!

2025-06-16

Paula Rodríguez Serrano , B. Oliveira , Pedro Barros +3 more | European Urology Open Science

Prostate Sarcoma: An Uncommon Diagnosis With Major Clinical Implications

2025-06-15

Víctor M Molgado-Garza , Pedro Antonio Madero-Morales , Andrés Guillén-Lozoya +3 more | Cureus

Utility of multiparametric MRI including T1/T2 mapping and IVIM/diffusion imaging for the evaluation of non-obstructive azoospermia

2025-06-14

Hiram Shaish , Sachin Jambawalikar , Firas Ahmed +7 more | Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics Biology and Medicine

Urological Tumors

2025-06-14

| TNM Online

Abstract Describing cancer stage is one of the most important elements of oncological practice. Clinical research and clinical care depend on an accurate assessment of cancer stage and prognostic factors. … Abstract Describing cancer stage is one of the most important elements of oncological practice. Clinical research and clinical care depend on an accurate assessment of cancer stage and prognostic factors. This chapter presents an information of urological tumours. The following sites are included: penis, prostate, testis, kidney, renal pelvis and ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra. The classification applies to carcinomas excluding urothelial carcinoma of the prostate, which is classified as a urethral tumour. The classification applies only to germ cell tumours of the testis. Stages are subdivided based on the presence and degree of elevation of serum tumour markers. Fully updated to reflect the results of the latest clinical research, the chapter is indispensable for all clinicians, cancer registrars and researchers who work with malignant tumours.

Metastatic Prostate Ductal Adenocarcinoma Presenting as a Solitary Rectal Mucosal Polyp: A Case Report

2025-06-13

Lingling Xian , Xin Wei | Cureus

Aggressive angiomyxoma

2025-06-08

Abdulkhaleq BinNuhaid | Radiopaedia.org

State-of-the-art approaches in the investigation of human seminal bacteriome using metagenomic methods

2025-06-05

Jan Hofman , Petra Brenerová , Petra Bořilová Linhartová | Frontiers in Reproductive Health

Although the understanding of the causes of infertility is the key to its successful treatment, recent studies have shown that as many as 50% of male-caused infertility cases are considered … Although the understanding of the causes of infertility is the key to its successful treatment, recent studies have shown that as many as 50% of male-caused infertility cases are considered idiopathic. The microbial colonization of the male reproductive system was shown to be associated with reduced male reproductive fitness. Investigation of the seminal microbiome, however, remains challenging. This article aimed to improve this situation by creating the first comprehensive review of literature on the metagenomic methods (including the pre-analytical and analytical approaches) used in the research on human seminal bacteriome (total bacterial DNA in the matrix), published in 2018–2024. A total of 29 studies addressing the analysis of the human seminal bacteriome were identified. The analysis typically involved DNA extraction from the supernatant using commercial kits, amplification of the gene for 16S rRNA, and sequencing of amplicons. Where the separation of seminal plasma was performed, centrifugation was the dominant method used for this purpose. The significant heterogeneity in individual steps of methodological approaches in the analysis of the human seminal bacteriome complicates the comparison of results among studies and the establishment of standard procedures, hindering clinical advancements. For this reason, a protocol for the analysis of the human seminal plasma bacteriome is proposed here, which could lead to improved comparability of results among studies and make future research more efficient. This protocol is founded on rigorous quality control measures, compliance with the WHO laboratory manual for sample collection, extensive pretreatment involving mechanical and enzymatic lysis, DNA extraction using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen), and short-read sequencing conducted on the MiSeq platform (Illumina).

Syndromic congenital hypoacusis associated with premature birth and a variant of the SPEN gene: A case report and literature review

2025-06-04

Alexandra Neagu , Magdalena Budişteanu , Maria Domuța +5 more | Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

The present study describes the case of a male child with severe congenital sensorineural hearing loss, which was associated with premature birth and a rare variant of the SPEN gene. … The present study describes the case of a male child with severe congenital sensorineural hearing loss, which was associated with premature birth and a rare variant of the SPEN gene. Furthermore, a review of the literature was performed to compile the reported clinical and genetic data. The present case is of a premature child with severe and complex postnatal clinical issues (very low birth weight, low Apgar score, neonatal intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress syndrome and the need for respiratory support) who possessed a novel variant of the SPEN gene (discovered by whole exome sequencing), which was inherited from a healthy father, and severe congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. This SPEN gene variant was classified as having unknown significance. The patient presented some of the typical features of Radio-Tartaglia syndrome, including global developmental delay, autistic behavior and an abnormal corpus callosum. The present study assessed the role of the identified SPEN gene variant in the phenotype of the child, together with the effect of prematurity on their development and the presence of hearing loss. The case brings novel insights into a rare genetic syndrome. Although the role of this SPEN variant in hearing impairment is not clear it is difficult to predict the effect of this variant on the patient phenotype. Functional studies or reports of other cases with this variant could contribute to a better classification of this gene variant.

Giant vulvar polyp in a postmenopausal woman: a rare clinical case

2025-06-02

Krum Vladov , E Uchikova , Maria Koleva-Ivanova +4 more | Folia Medica

The increased frequency of precancerous lesions and malignant diseases of the vulva is a hallmark of the postmenopausal period. However, the development of fibroepithelial polyps, which are benign neoplasms, is … The increased frequency of precancerous lesions and malignant diseases of the vulva is a hallmark of the postmenopausal period. However, the development of fibroepithelial polyps, which are benign neoplasms, is also possible. The exact etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. These mesenchymal neoplasms are mostly diagnosed in women who received hormone replacement therapy or those who are of reproductive age, with pregnancy being a predisposing factor. We present a clinical case in which surgical treatment was the first choice, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis.

MR imaging findings of superficial acral fibromyxoma: a report of two cases with histopathological correlation

2025-06-02

Shuji Nagata , Hiroshi Nishimura , Miyuki Sawano +5 more | Skeletal Radiology

Very Rare Synchronous Malignant Tumors of the Prostate: Leiomyosarcoma and Adenocarcinoma – A Case report and literature review.

2025-06-01

Luis Enrique Jiménez-Martínez , Andrés Martínez-Cornelio , Seiichi Fuziwara-Ruíz +2 more | Urology Case Reports

Emphysematous Prostatic Abscess: A Case Report and Literature Review

2025-06-01

Xiaomin Yi , Y. Shao , Jiexiu Zhang +1 more | Clinical Case Reports

ABSTRACT Emphysematous prostatic abscess (EPA) is a very rare but fatal urinary tract infection. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of a patient with EPA admitted to the First Affiliated … ABSTRACT Emphysematous prostatic abscess (EPA) is a very rare but fatal urinary tract infection. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of a patient with EPA admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University in January 2022. He experienced EPA progression and deteriorated rapidly after admission, while he recovered immediately after surgical intervention through transurethral internal resection of the prostatic abscess. This case report underscores the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment for EPA, which can reduce the mortality rate, thereby improving prognosis.

Neurilemmoma of the Seminal Vesicle: An Unexpected Rare Case During the Treatment of Liver Abscess

2025-06-01

Mingyang He , J. Liu , Qiyu Liu | Journal of College of Physicians And Surgeons Pakistan

Null. Null.

Proposing New Criteria for Classification of Benign Fibroepithelial Lesions Based on Clinicopathologic Evaluations of 507 Cases with Clinical Outcome

2025-06-01

Thi Truc Anh Nguyen , Jilun Zhang , Jabed Iqbal +7 more | Modern Pathology

Diversity of Mucins in Labial Glands of Infants

2025-06-01

Mechthild Stoeckelhuber , Marco Kesting , Denys J. Loeffelbein +2 more | Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger

Correction to: A Subepithelial Lesion in the Colon Masquerading as Metastatic Prostate Cancer

2025-06-01

Rahil H. Shah , Michael D. Brophey , Megan Wachsmann +2 more | ACG Case Reports Journal

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001689.]. [This corrects the article DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001689.].

Primary Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma of the Penis

2025-06-01

Caijun Huang , Caihong Wang , Mingjian Lu +2 more | The American Journal of Medicine

Trimodality therapy with salvage focal brachytherapy for seminal vesicle recurrence after prostate cancer brachytherapy

2025-06-01

Makoto Nakiri , Hirofumi Kurose , Shun Komine +7 more | Urology Case Reports

Riñones supranumerarios, ¿tres son multitud?

2025-06-01

Juan Armando Molina Ortiz | FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria

Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma (basal cell carcinoma) of the prostate: A case report

2025-06-01

Fei Luo , Kunjie Wang , Wenfeng Xu +1 more | Asian Journal of Surgery

62 - Impact of number of injections and treatment of third prostatic lobe on ejaculation function after Rezum procedure

2025-06-01

Emanuele Rubilotta , Luca Roggero , Piero Fracasso +7 more | Continence

Corrigendum to Hematospermia does not increase the risk of prostate cancer detection in prostate biopsy Prostate International 12 (2024) 151-154/doi: 10.1016

2025-06-01

Jae Ryun Park , Sung Hyun Paick , Woo Suk Choi +4 more | Prostate International

Diagnostic Accuracy of 3-Dimensional Ultrasound in Mullerian Duct Anomalies in Comparison to MRI

2025-05-31

Ghazal Mehtab , Asif Afzal , Muhammad Aamir +3 more | Indus journal of bioscience research.

Introduction: Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are the congenital anomalies of female reproductive tract that can have significant impact on a woman’s fertility and her pregnancy outcomes. Accurate imaging is essential … Introduction: Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are the congenital anomalies of female reproductive tract that can have significant impact on a woman’s fertility and her pregnancy outcomes. Accurate imaging is essential for their diagnosis and management. 2-dimensional ultrasound (2D US) and MRI are the traditional methods that have been mainstays for the diagnosing purpose, but the introduction of 3D Ultrasound in the domain of ultrasound has offered potential advantages in visualization and enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Objective: To find out what is the diagnostic accuracy of 3-Dimensional ultrasound in diagnosing Mullerian duct anomalies as compared to MRI. Materials and Methodology: Articles included in this review were identified through systematic searches of databases such as Pub Med, Paywall, Wiley.com and Google Scholar. Studies were selected based on their relevance to the use of 3D ultrasound in diagnosing Müllerian duct anomalies. Results: Based on different studies we found that 3 Dimensional Ultrasound proved to be highly accurate in diagnosis of Uterine anomalies and showed strong agreement with MRI(P <0.01). Conclusion: 3D ultrasound has proved to be an excellent modality for the diagnosis of mullerian duct modalities. It’s low cost, easy access and real time imaging make it promising and a good diagnosing tool. Although MRI is the standard reference, 3D ultrasound can be preffered over it if its limitations are minimized as the diagnostic accuracy is almost similar to MRI if performed by experienced hands.

Peripelvic cysts - mimicking hydronephrosis

2025-05-31

Ammar Raad | Radiopaedia.org

Four Kinds of Forces Exerted on the Utricle

2025-05-31

Hiroaki Ichijo , Hisako Ichijo | Modern Health Science

Objective: The utricle is commonly understood to detect gravity and horizontal linear acceleration. We hypothesized that it may also respond to vertical linear acceleration, horizontal angular acceleration, and centrifugal force. … Objective: The utricle is commonly understood to detect gravity and horizontal linear acceleration. We hypothesized that it may also respond to vertical linear acceleration, horizontal angular acceleration, and centrifugal force. Methods: We performed six physical analogy experiments using deformable media, spring-mounted masses, and human squatting tasks (five healthy humans). Observations included deformation patterns and eye movement recordings. Results: (1) Submerged lead deformed the pudding, modeling gravitational deformation. (2–3) Spring-mounted masses deflected opposite to the direction of acceleration. (4) Human vertical motion did not elicit nystagmus. (5) Sudden rotation caused tangential deflection. (6) Constant-speed circular motion led to outward (centrifugal) deflection. Conclusion: The utricle can detect four distinct forces—gravity, horizontal and vertical linear acceleration, tangential angular acceleration, and centrifugal force—which suggests broader roles in postural control. Although utricular hair cells are continuously stimulated by Earth’s gravity, no nystagmus is observed under static conditions. Thus, static utricular activation alone does not elicit nystagmus. However, further studies are needed to quantify these effects and determine their physiological significance.

Case of Large Acrochordon on Inguinals

2025-05-30

Irma Suryani Idris | JURNAL BIOLOGI TROPIS

Acrochordon or known as skin tag is a benign growth on the skin that is usually small and soft. However, in some rare cases, the size of acrochordon can enlarge … Acrochordon or known as skin tag is a benign growth on the skin that is usually small and soft. However, in some rare cases, the size of acrochordon can enlarge significantly and is called large acrochordon. One case of giant acrochordon was reported in a 23-year-old woman at the dermatovenereology polyclinic of a hospital in Makassar. The diagnosis was made based on clinical features, histopathological examination. The results of the examination of this case from the anamnesis results obtained complaints of a lump that was initially small 6 years ago and then left to grow in number and enlarge. The results of the physical examination found 1 large soft mass with a stalk. The patient was treated with excision biopsy of the lesion and clinical improvement. Supporting examinations include histopathological biopsy examinations. This patient was treated with oral and topical antibiotics and analgesics after an excision biopsy and control after 7 days post-excision. Control day 7 excision wound is not perfectly dry and closed this is caused by damp and closed, the groin/inguinal area is often covered by clothing and sweats easily, creating a humid environment that is not ideal for wound healing. Control day 14, the wound dries and the overall aff hecting in this case 3 stitches, the pain is decreasing.

Transepithelial Versus Conventional PRK: A Randomized Controlled Study

2025-05-30

Robert Edward T. Ang | Ophthalmology and Therapy

Ureterstents: Propolis-Beschichtung beugt Infektionen und Verkrustungen vor

2025-05-28

Prostatic stromal tumour of uncertain malignant potential: surgical treatment in a young patient

2025-05-27

Joaquin Fernandez-Alberti , Alicia Minerva López López , Guillermo Scolari +2 more

Primary Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma of the Seminal Vesicles: A Rare Case With Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications

2025-05-27

Mohammad Soleimani , Mostafa Farajpour , Behrang Kazeminezhad

ABSTRACT Primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the seminal vesicles is rare but treatable. Multimodal imaging and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis in a 68‐year‐old male. Eight cycles of R‐CHOP chemotherapy … ABSTRACT Primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the seminal vesicles is rare but treatable. Multimodal imaging and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis in a 68‐year‐old male. Eight cycles of R‐CHOP chemotherapy achieved a favorable outcome, emphasizing early intervention in atypical pelvic masses.