Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering

Real-time simulation and control systems

Works Count: 55412

Wikipedia

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on real-time simulation technologies for power systems, with an emphasis on Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation, FPGA-based emulation, and digital simulation of power electronics, electrical systems, and renewable energy applications. The papers cover topics such as control systems, electric drives, and smart grid development.

Keywords

Hardware-in-the-Loop; Real-Time Simulation; Power Electronics; FPGA-Based Emulation; Electrical Systems; Digital Simulator; Renewable Energy; Control Systems; Electric Drives; Smart Grid

Overview of the Hybrid RANS Code TAU

2006-10-01

Thomas Gerhold

Automatic Flight Control Systems

1991-01-01

DL Birdsall

Unified power-flow control concept for flexible AC transmission systems

1992-01-01

Laszlo Gyugyi

The abstract of the paper is to outline the technical and economical factors which characterise the uniform, all solid-state power-flow controller approach for real-time controlled, flex ible AC transmission systems.The … The abstract of the paper is to outline the technical and economical factors which characterise the uniform, all solid-state power-flow controller approach for real-time controlled, flex ible AC transmission systems.The unified power-flow controller in its general form can provide simultaneous, real-time control of all basic power system parameters (transmission voltage, impedance, and phase angle), or any combinations thereof, determining the transmitted power. The parameters selected for control can be changed without hardware alterations, e.g. the function of the controller can be changed from that of a phase-shifter to that of a series line compensator, or vice versa, with or without additional terminal voltage regulation and shunt VAr compensation, to adapt to particular short term contingencies or future system modifications.

An alternative paradigm for control system design

2002-11-13

Zhiqiang Gao , Yi Huang , Jingqing Han

An alternative framework for control design is presented in this paper. It compliments the existing theory in that: 1) it actively and systematically explores the use of nonlinear control mechanisms … An alternative framework for control design is presented in this paper. It compliments the existing theory in that: 1) it actively and systematically explores the use of nonlinear control mechanisms for better performance, even for linear plants; 2) it represents a control strategy that is rather independent of mathematical models of the plants, thus achieving inherent robustness and reducing design complexity. An overview of this design philosophy and associated algorithms are first introduced, followed by the summaries of preliminary analysis results and practical applications. It is evident that the proposed framework lends itself well in providing innovative solutions to practical problems while maintaining the simplicity and the intuitiveness of the existing technology, namely PID.

On a new approach for the simulation of transients in power systems

2006-10-11

Jean Mahseredjian , Sébastien Dennetière , Lucky Dube +2 more

View PDF Chat

Testing for Unit Roots: 2

1984-09-01

G. B. A. Evans , N. E. Savin

Development of advanced driver assistance systems with vehicle hardware-in-the-loop simulations

2006-06-14

Olaf Gietelink , Jeroen Ploeg , Bart De Schutter +1 more

This paper presents a new method for the design and validation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs). With vehicle hardware-in-the-loop (VEHIL) simulations, the development process, and more specifically the validation … This paper presents a new method for the design and validation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs). With vehicle hardware-in-the-loop (VEHIL) simulations, the development process, and more specifically the validation phase, of intelligent vehicles is carried out safer, cheaper, and is more manageable. In the VEHIL laboratory, a full-scale ADAS-equipped vehicle is set up in a hardware-in-the-loop simulation environment, where a chassis dynamometer is used to emulate the road interaction and robot vehicles to represent other traffic. In this controlled environment, the performance and dependability of an ADAS is tested to great accuracy and reliability. The working principle and the added value of VEHIL are demonstrated with test results of an adaptive cruise control and a forward collision warning system. On the basis of the 'V' diagram, the position of VEHIL in the development process of ADASs is illustrated.

Flywheel batteries come around again

2002-04-01

Robert Hebner , J.H. Beno , Alan Walls

Today's flywheel batteries, embody technological advances, and they are serious contenders for a variety of important energy-storage applications. They are, for example, competitive with chemical batteries in applications like transportation … Today's flywheel batteries, embody technological advances, and they are serious contenders for a variety of important energy-storage applications. They are, for example, competitive with chemical batteries in applications like transportation or improving power quality, which involve many charge-discharge cycles and little in the way of long-term storage. Progress in power electronics, particularly in high-power insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and field-effect transistors (FETs), underlies higher-power flywheel operation. While the stored energy is determined by the speed, mass, and geometry of the wheel, the limits on input and output power are in general set by the power electronics. With these higher power devices, fewer individual components are needed, so the power electronics package can be comparable in size to the flywheel plus motor-generator combination. This paper describes the main features of flywheel energy storage systems and space, hybrid electric vehicle, and combat vehicle applications.

View PDF Chat

Review of code and solution verification procedures for computational simulation

2004-12-24

Christopher J. Roy

Model Reduction for Control System Design

2001-01-01

Goro Obinata , Brian D. O. Anderson

Modern methods of filter design and controller design often yield systems of very high order, posing a problem for their implementation. Over the past two decades or so, sophisticated methods … Modern methods of filter design and controller design often yield systems of very high order, posing a problem for their implementation. Over the past two decades or so, sophisticated methods have bee

Toward a smart grid: power delivery for the 21st century

2005-09-01

S. Massoud Amin , B.F. Wollenberg

In this article, we present the security, agility, and robustness/survivability of a large-scale power delivery infrastructure that faces new threats and unanticipated conditions. By way of background, we present a … In this article, we present the security, agility, and robustness/survivability of a large-scale power delivery infrastructure that faces new threats and unanticipated conditions. By way of background, we present a brief overview of the past work on the challenges faced in online parameter estimation and real-time adaptive control of a damaged F-15 aircraft. This work, in part, provided the inspiration and laid the foundation in the 1990s for the flight testing of a fast parameter estimation/modeling and reconfigurable aircraft control system that allowed the F-15 to become self-healing in the face of damaged equipment.

Distance Protection Based on Travelling Waves

1983-09-01

P.A. Crossley , P.G. McLaren

A technique is presented for rapid measurement of the distance to a fault using fault initiated travelling waves. The measurement uses the time it takes a given surge to travel … A technique is presented for rapid measurement of the distance to a fault using fault initiated travelling waves. The measurement uses the time it takes a given surge to travel from the relaying point to the fault and back. A correlation technique is used to recognise the surge returning from the fault and distinguish it from other surges present on the system. For a three phase transmission line, the modal components describing the incident wave are delayed and cross-correlated against the respective components reflected by the fault. Maximum output occurs when the delay corresponds to twice the fault distance.

Steady-state analysis of nonlinear circuits with periodic inputs

1972-01-01

T.J. Aprille , T.N. Trick

In the computer-aided analysis of nonlinear circuits with periodic inputs and a stable periodic response the steady-state periodic response is found for a given initial state by simply integrating the … In the computer-aided analysis of nonlinear circuits with periodic inputs and a stable periodic response the steady-state periodic response is found for a given initial state by simply integrating the system equations until the response becomes periodic. In lightly damped systems this integration could extend over many periods making the computation costly. In this paper a Newton algorithm is defined which converges to the steady-state response rapidly. The algorithm is applied to several nonlinear circuits. The results show a considerable reduction in the amount of time necessary to compute the steady-state response. In addition, the initial iterates give information on the transient response of the system.

<i>Automatic Feedback Control System Synthesis</i>

1955-08-01

John G. Truxal , Louis Weinberg

Definitions and Applications of Dynamic Average Models for Analysis of Power Systems

2010-03-30

Sina Chiniforoosh , Juri Jatskevich , Amirnaser Yazdani +4 more

Modeling and analysis of power and power-electronic systems' transients using digital programs enables testing new design concepts in modern electric grid and many industrial and commercial products and applications. This … Modeling and analysis of power and power-electronic systems' transients using digital programs enables testing new design concepts in modern electric grid and many industrial and commercial products and applications. This paper gives an overview of dynamic average-value modeling techniques for representing static switching converters for the system-level studies. Concepts and desirable properties of averaged models for conducting large-signal time-domain transient studies and small-signal frequency-domain analysis for control design tasks are discussed. Basic approaches for developing average models for dc/dc and dc/ac converters are briefly reviewed and summarized. Finally, the desirable properties of the average-value models are demonstrated through an example system.

Power system control and stability.

1979-08-01

Peter M. Anderson , A. A. Fouad , H.H. Happ

FPGAs in Industrial Control Applications

2011-03-29

Éric Monmasson , Lahoucine Idkhajine , Marcian Cirstea +3 more

The aim of this paper is to review the state-of-the-art of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technologies and their contribution to industrial control applications. Authors start by addressing various research … The aim of this paper is to review the state-of-the-art of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technologies and their contribution to industrial control applications. Authors start by addressing various research fields which can exploit the advantages of FPGAs. The features of these devices are then presented, followed by their corresponding design tools. To illustrate the benefits of using FPGAs in the case of complex control applications, a sensorless motor controller has been treated. This controller is based on the Extended Kalman Filter. Its development has been made according to a dedicated design methodology, which is also discussed. The use of FPGAs to implement artificial intelligence-based industrial controllers is then briefly reviewed. The final section presents two short case studies of Neural Network control systems designs targeting FPGAs.

View PDF Chat

Future directions in control in an information-rich world

2003-03-26

Richard M. Murray , Karl Johan Åström , Stephen Boyd +2 more

The Panel on Future Directions in Control, Dynamics, and Systems was formed in April 2000 to provide a renewed vision of future challenges and opportunities in the control field, along … The Panel on Future Directions in Control, Dynamics, and Systems was formed in April 2000 to provide a renewed vision of future challenges and opportunities in the control field, along with recommendations to government agencies, universities, and research organizations to ensure continued progress in areas of importance to the industrial and defense base. The panel released a report in April 2002, the intent of which is to raise the overall visibility of research in control, highlight its importance in applications of national interest, and indicate some of the key trends that are important for continued vitality of the field. After a brief introduction, we summarize the report, discuss its applications and education and outreach, and conclude with some recommendations.

View PDF Chat

A Low-Cost Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing Approach of Power Electronics Controls

2007-03-28

Bin Lü , Xin Wu , H.P. Figueroa +1 more

Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing is increasingly recognized as an effective approach in the design of power electronics controls. A high-performance real-time simulation environment is necessary to obtain high-fidelity results in HIL … Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing is increasingly recognized as an effective approach in the design of power electronics controls. A high-performance real-time simulation environment is necessary to obtain high-fidelity results in HIL simulations. This paper presents the detailed implementation of a very-low-cost multisolver hard real-time simulation environment, namely the real-time extension of the virtual test bed (VTB-RT). VTB-RT is implemented completely from open-source software and off-the-shelf hardware. Using VTB-RT, this paper proposes an efficient real-time HIL testing approach for control designs in power electronics applications. VTB-RT enables the natural coupling between the simulation environment and the hardware under test and, thus, makes virtual power exchange in HIL simulation possible. For validation purposes, the proposed real-time HIL testing approach is applied in two well-known power electronics application examples, namely a boost converter and an H-bridge inverter with their respective control systems, representing a very-low-cost and a relatively advanced hardware setup, respectively. The consistency of the experimental results with the theoretical results proves the applicability of VTB-RT and the proposed testing approach. Finally, the most recent research progresses in VTB-RT are summarized

Expanding automotive electronic systems

2002-01-01

Gabriel Leen , D. Heffernan

A vast increase in automotive electronic systems, coupled with related demands on power and design, has created an array of new engineering opportunities and challenges. Today's high-end vehicles may have … A vast increase in automotive electronic systems, coupled with related demands on power and design, has created an array of new engineering opportunities and challenges. Today's high-end vehicles may have more than 4 kilometers of wiring, compared to 45 meters in vehicles manufactured in 1955. Reducing wiring mass through in-vehicle networks will bring an explosion of new functionality and innovation. Our vehicles will become more like PCs, creating the potential for a host of plug-and-play devices. On average, US commuters spend 9 percent of their day in an automobile. Thus, introducing multimedia and telematics to vehicles will increase productivity and provide entertainment for millions. Further, X-by-wire solutions will make computer diagnostics a standard part of mechanics' work and may even create an electronic chauffeur.

Real-Time Simulation of a Wind Turbine Generator Coupled With a Battery Supercapacitor Energy Storage System

2009-12-02

Wei Li , G. Joós , J. Bélanger

Wind power generation studies of slow phenomena using a detailed model can be difficult to perform with a conventional offline simulation program. Due to the computational power and high-speed input … Wind power generation studies of slow phenomena using a detailed model can be difficult to perform with a conventional offline simulation program. Due to the computational power and high-speed input and output, a real-time simulator is capable of conducting repetitive simulations of wind profiles in a short time with detailed models of critical components and allows testing of prototype controllers through hardware-in-the-loop (HIL). This paper discusses methods to overcome the challenges of real-time simulation of wind systems, characterized by their complexity and high-frequency switching. A hybrid flow-battery supercapacitor energy storage system (ESS), coupled in a wind turbine generator to smooth wind power, is studied by real-time HIL simulation. The prototype controller is embedded in one real-time simulator, while the rest of the system is implemented in another independent simulator. The simulation results of the detailed wind system model show that the hybrid ESS has a lower battery cost, higher battery longevity, and improved overall efficiency over its reference ESS.

Automotive Control Systems: For Engine, Driveline, and Vehicle

2000-11-20

U Kiencke and L Nielsen

Many engineers, working in the field of automotive control systems and mechatronics, as well as lecturing at technical universities, will welcome this book. It gives a broad insight view of … Many engineers, working in the field of automotive control systems and mechatronics, as well as lecturing at technical universities, will welcome this book. It gives a broad insight view of the latest automotive technologies in use which have been adopted over a long period of time from research activities at universities and in industry. About twenty years ago the microcomputer started to revolutionize the possibility of introducing intelligence in systems, for example in the form of advanced control algorithms. By chance, this incredible evolution coincided with increasing environmental demands to reduce pollution and oil consumption and to contribute one of the major tools to meet those demands. This may have been one of the reasons why the automotive industry was rather early in introducing the new technique. However, it would have been interesting if the book had given a short historic review. In fact the authors do not rule out that the modern four-stroke engine in a car may work as an air-cleaning filter, and after going through the part describing the lambda-control together with the catalytic conversion, it is hard to argue against it, at least when the vehicle is running at constant speed. Reading this book you realize that the times are long gone when you could use a screwdriver and feeler gauge to adjust the ignition of your car engine.

View PDF Chat

Moving towards a more electric aircraft

2007-03-01

Javier Rosero García , J. A. Ortega , E. Aldabas +1 more

The latest advances in electric and electronic aircraft technologies from the point of view of an "all-electric" aircraft are presented herein. Specifically, we describe the concept of a "more electric … The latest advances in electric and electronic aircraft technologies from the point of view of an "all-electric" aircraft are presented herein. Specifically, we describe the concept of a "more electric aircraft" (MEA), which involves removing the need for on-engine hydraulic power generation and bleed air off-takes, and the increasing use of power electronics in the starter/generation system of the main engine. Removal of the engine hydraulic pumps requires fully-operative electrical power actuators and mastery of the flight control architecture. The paper presents a general overview of the electrical power generation system and electric drives for the MEA, with special regard to the flight controls. Some discussion regarding the interconnection of nodes and safety of buses and protocols in distributed systems is also presented

View PDF Chat

FPGA Design Methodology for Industrial Control Systems—A Review

2007-07-13

Éric Monmasson , Marcian Cirstea

This paper reviews the state of the art of field- programmable gate array (FPGA) design methodologies with a focus on industrial control system applications. This paper starts with an overview … This paper reviews the state of the art of field- programmable gate array (FPGA) design methodologies with a focus on industrial control system applications. This paper starts with an overview of FPGA technology development, followed by a presentation of design methodologies, development tools and relevant CAD environments, including the use of portable hardware description languages and system level programming/design tools. They enable a holistic functional approach with the major advantage of setting up a unique modeling and evaluation environment for complete industrial electronics systems. Three main design rules are then presented. These are algorithm refinement, modularity, and systematic search for the best compromise between the control performance and the architectural constraints. An overview of contributions and limits of FPGAs is also given, followed by a short survey of FPGA-based intelligent controllers for modern industrial systems. Finally, two complete and timely case studies are presented to illustrate the benefits of an FPGA implementation when using the proposed system modeling and design methodology. These consist of the direct torque control for induction motor drives and the control of a diesel-driven synchronous stand-alone generator with the help of fuzzy logic.

View PDF Chat

Fast and accurate switching transient calculations on transmission lines with ground return using recursive convolutions

1975-03-01

A. Semlyen , A. Dabuleanu

The paper presents a new approach to the calculation of transients on transmission lines with frequency-dependent parameters. Its purpose is to obtain significant computer-time savings by avoiding convolutions. This is … The paper presents a new approach to the calculation of transients on transmission lines with frequency-dependent parameters. Its purpose is to obtain significant computer-time savings by avoiding convolutions. This is achieved by approximating all line and ground distortions and also time variable characteristic admittances by exponential functions, i.e. solutions of linear differential equations. The method produces a simple Norton-type line equivalent which permits its incorporation into an existing system representation like the B.P.A. program for the calculation of transients. The program has been tested on systems of different degrees of complexity and proved to be superior, in terms of speed and accuracy, to other advanced methods.

Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis

2015-06-01

M. D. Omar Faruque , Thomas Strasser , Georg Lauss +7 more

This task force paper summarizes the state-of-the-art real-time digital simulation concepts and technologies that are used for the analysis, design, and testing of the electric power system and its apparatus. … This task force paper summarizes the state-of-the-art real-time digital simulation concepts and technologies that are used for the analysis, design, and testing of the electric power system and its apparatus. This paper highlights the main building blocks of the real-time simulator, i.e., hardware, software, input-output systems, modeling, and solution techniques, interfacing capabilities to external hardware and various applications. It covers the most commonly used real-time digital simulators in both industry and academia. A comprehensive list of the real-time simulators is provided in a tabular review. The objective of this paper is to summarize salient features of various real-time simulators, so that the reader can benefit from understanding the relevant technologies and their applications, which will be presented in a separate paper.

View PDF Chat

Identification of Coherent Generators for Dynamic Equivalents

1978-07-01

Robin Podmore

This paper describes the development and evaluation of a method for identifying the coherency behavior of generators for various power system disturbances. This information is used as a basis for … This paper describes the development and evaluation of a method for identifying the coherency behavior of generators for various power system disturbances. This information is used as a basis for forming dynamic equivalents which can be applied in transient stability studies.

Trajectory sensitivity analysis of hybrid systems

2000-01-01

Ian A. Hiskens , M.A. Pai

The development of trajectory sensitivity analysis for hybrid systems, such as power systems, is presented in the paper. A hybrid system model which has a differential-algebraic-discrete (DAD) structure is proposed. … The development of trajectory sensitivity analysis for hybrid systems, such as power systems, is presented in the paper. A hybrid system model which has a differential-algebraic-discrete (DAD) structure is proposed. This model forms the basis for the subsequent sensitivity analysis. Crucial to the analysis is the development of jump conditions describing the behavior of sensitivities at discrete events, such as switching and state resetting. The efficient computation of sensitivities is discussed. A number of examples are presented to illustrate various aspects of the theory. It is shown that trajectory sensitivities provide insights into system behavior which cannot be obtained from traditional simulation.

View PDF Chat

Automated vehicle control developments in the PATH program

1991-02-01

Steven E Shladover , C. Desoer , J. Karl Hedrick +7 more

The accomplishments to date on the development of automatic vehicle control technology in the Program on Advanced Technology for the Highway (PATH) at the University of California, Berkeley, are summarized. … The accomplishments to date on the development of automatic vehicle control technology in the Program on Advanced Technology for the Highway (PATH) at the University of California, Berkeley, are summarized. The basic principles and assumptions underlying the PATH work are identified, and the work on automating vehicle lateral (steering) and longitudinal (spacing and speed) control is explained. For both lateral and longitudinal control, the modeling of plant dynamics is described, and the development of the additional subsystems needed (communications, reference/sensor systems) and the derivation of the control laws are presented. Plans for testing on vehicles in both near and long term are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

Characteristics and Design of Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulations for Electrical Power Systems

2015-08-04

Georg Lauss , Omar Faruque , Karl Schoder +3 more

This paper presents a compendious summary of power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulations that are used for designing, analyzing, and testing of electrical power system components. PHIL simulations are an advanced application … This paper presents a compendious summary of power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulations that are used for designing, analyzing, and testing of electrical power system components. PHIL simulations are an advanced application of real-time simulations that represent novel methods, which conjoin software and hardware testing. This contribution outlines necessary requirements for the implementation of PHIL simulations, which are defined by the nature of the digital real-time simulator, the power amplifier, and the power interface (PI). Fundamental characteristics, such as the input/output systems, PI, interface algorithm, and system stability considerations, are discussed for PHIL setups, in order to illustrate both flexibility and complexity of this compound simulation method. The objective of this work is to elaborate an understandable overview of PHIL simulation for electrical power systems and to constitute a contemporary state-of-the-art status of this research area.

Multi-Level Choppers for High Voltage Applications

1992-01-01

Thierry Meynard , H. Foch

SummaryIn the field of High Voltage Power Conversion, the circuit designer is often confromed to a serious problem: there arc no semiconductors capable of sustaining the desired voltage (traction applications … SummaryIn the field of High Voltage Power Conversion, the circuit designer is often confromed to a serious problem: there arc no semiconductors capable of sustaining the desired voltage (traction applications for example). The first solution inovolves plain series connection of several switches with synchronous cotrol signals, thus obtaining the equivalent of a high voltage switch. Static and dynamic balancing of the voltage across the switches requires all the semiconductors to switch exactly at the same time: this requires selecting semiconductors with the same turn-on and turn-off times or using control strategies Capable of compensating the difference in switching time. In other respects, the output dV/dt at each commumtion is the sum of the dV/dt genceratd by each switch, which is a serious stress for the environment and especially the firing circuits! The technique presented in this paper tolerates semiconductors switching at different times, thus allowing high voltage conversion with standard dV/dr (Fig. 1.a). More, it will be shown that the control signals can be significantly phase-shifted to improve the harmonic spectrum or the output voltage (Fig. 1 .b).

Fanconi anemia diagnosis and the diepoxybutane (DEB) test.

1993-06-01

Arleen D. Auerbach

Improve the Stability and the Accuracy of Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation by Selecting Appropriate Interface Algorithms

2008-01-01

Wei Ren , Michael Steurer , T. Baldwin

The closed-loop stability and the simulation accuracy are two paramount issues in power hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation in regard to the operational safety and the experiment reliability. In this paper, the … The closed-loop stability and the simulation accuracy are two paramount issues in power hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation in regard to the operational safety and the experiment reliability. In this paper, the stability issue of the power HIL simulation is first introduced with a simple example. A stability analysis and accuracy estimation method based on the system's loop transfer function is later given. Five different interface algorithms are described, and their respective characteristics with respect to the system stability are compared. Through Matlab simulations and field experiments of two representative power HIL examples, it is revealed that certain interface algorithms exhibit higher stability and accuracy than the others under the given conditions. A recommendation for selecting appropriate interface algorith.ms is finally proposed at the end of this paper.

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation for the design and testing of engine-control systems

1999-05-01

Rolf Isermann , Jochen Schaffnit , Stefan Sinsel

Learning-Based Model Predictive Control for Autonomous Racing

2019-07-07

Juraj Kabzan , Lukas Hewing , Alexander Liniger +1 more

In this letter, we present a learning-based control approach for autonomous racing with an application to the AMZ Driverless race car <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gotthard</i> . One major issue in autonomous … In this letter, we present a learning-based control approach for autonomous racing with an application to the AMZ Driverless race car <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gotthard</i> . One major issue in autonomous racing is that accurate vehicle models that cover the entire performance envelope of a race car are highly nonlinear, complex, and complicated to identify, rendering them impractical for control. To address this issue, we employ a relatively simple nominal vehicle model, which is improved based on measurement data and tools from machine learning.The resulting formulation is an online learning data-driven model predictive controller, which uses Gaussian processes regression to take residual model uncertainty into account and achieve safe driving behavior. To improve the vehicle model online, we select from a constant in-flow of data points according to a criterion reflecting the information gain, and maintain a small dictionary of 300 data points. The framework is tested on the full-size AMZ Driverless race car, where it is able to improve the vehicle model and reduce lap times by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {\mathbf{10}{\%}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> while maintaining safety of the vehicle.

View PDF Chat

Digital Control Systems

2001-12-13

Each chapter ends with Problems and References Chapter One includes only References) Introduction 1. Signal Conversion and Processing 2. The z-Transform 3. Transfer Functions, Block Diagrams and Signal Flow Graphs … Each chapter ends with Problems and References Chapter One includes only References) Introduction 1. Signal Conversion and Processing 2. The z-Transform 3. Transfer Functions, Block Diagrams and Signal Flow Graphs 4. The State Cariable Technique 5. Controllability, Observability and Stability 6. Frequency-Domain Analysis 7. Digital Simulation and Digital Redesign 8. Design of Discrete-Data Systems 9. Optimal Control 10. Micro-processor and DSP Controls Appendices: A. Fixed-Point and Floating-Point Numbers B. Mathematical Modeling of Sampling by Convolution Integral C. Table of Laplace Transforms, z-Transforms and Modified Z-TRANSFORMS D. General Gain Formula for Signal Flow Graphs E. Routh's Tabulation for Stability Analysis F. Galil DMC-100 Motion Controller Board

Modern Control Engineering

1972-01-01

View PDF Chat

Modeling and simulation of the propagation of harmonics in electric power networks. I. Concepts, models, and simulation techniques

1996-01-01

Reader's guide to subsynchronous resonance

1992-01-01

Automotive Control Systems

2005-01-01

Uwe Kiencke , Lars Nielsen

Residual Inertia Estimation Method for KEPCO Power Systems Using PMU and EMS-Based Frequency Response Analysis

2025-06-25

Namki Choi , Suchul Nam | Processes

An intuitive method for estimating the inertia contribution from residual sources, such as induction motors and inverter-based power electronic facilities, in the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) system is proposed. … An intuitive method for estimating the inertia contribution from residual sources, such as induction motors and inverter-based power electronic facilities, in the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) system is proposed. First, the method utilizes synchronized Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) to obtain the measured system Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) following an instantaneous power imbalance. Subsequently, the estimated system RoCoF for the same event is derived from simulations of the full dynamic model of the KEPCO system using Energy Management System (EMS) data. The estimated RoCoF accounts only for the inertia contribution from synchronous generators, as the dynamic model includes only these generators. The residual inertia of the entire power system is then estimated based on the ratio of the estimated RoCoF to the measured RoCoF, using the known inertia contribution from synchronous generators. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through dynamic simulations of the KEPCO system and demonstrated using real PMU and EMS data from actual disturbance events. The results illustrate that residual inertia was estimated at approximately 160 GW during daytime and around 67 GW during nighttime, indicating substantial variation in absolute terms. This finding highlights the importance of considering residual inertia contributions, particularly under varying load conditions.

VOIP SYSTEM WITH HIGH AVAILABILITY

2025-06-24

Serhii Kravchuk , Serhii Pryimak | Information and Telecommunication Sciences

Background. With the exponential growth of the internet and an increasing number of VoIP (Voice over IP) deployments arose a need to manage and scale the systems in terms of … Background. With the exponential growth of the internet and an increasing number of VoIP (Voice over IP) deployments arose a need to manage and scale the systems in terms of high availability and minimal downtime. Objective. The purpose of the paper is to reveal methods of increasing the VoIP system’s availability. Main challenges associated with the operation of VoIP systems are analysed, particularly the need to ensure service continuity, fault tolerance, scalability and resource efficiency. Methods. Increasing the availability of a VoIP system is based on the use of free software: Kamailio (SIP signalling server), RTPengine (media traffic processing), Redis (in-memory database for storing RTP transactions), and Linux Ubuntu as a host operating system. Results. The implemented architecture reflects automatic failover of signalling servers and media gateways, load balancing and seamless switching to a backup node in case of failure of one or more components. Conclusions. The approach given drastically differs from others, where failure of one of the key elements (the signalling server or the media gateway) leads to immediate termination of all active connections. An experimental simulation of the system was performed by deploying a high availability schema depicted in Fig. 2 in a virtual environment and confirmed its high efficiency: even in the event of 50% of component failure, the system remains operational and does not interrupt any call.

Analysis of GEMV Kernel Computations by Address Mapping Approaches Based on GPU and PIM Architectures

2025-06-24

J. Shin , Gunjae Koo | Journal of KIISE

Structure-Aware, Diagnosis-Guided ECU Firmware Fuzzing

2025-06-22

Qing‐Quan Chen , Kun Hu , Sichen Gong +6 more | Proceedings of the ACM on software engineering.

Electronic Control Units (ECUs), providing a wide range of functions from basic control functions to safety-critical functions, play a critical role in modern vehicles. Fuzzing has emerged as an effective … Electronic Control Units (ECUs), providing a wide range of functions from basic control functions to safety-critical functions, play a critical role in modern vehicles. Fuzzing has emerged as an effective approach to ensure the functional safety and automotive security of ECU firmware. However, existing fuzzing approaches focus on the inputs from other ECUs through external buses (e.g., CAN), but neglect the inputs from internal peripherals through on-board buses (e.g., SPI). Due to the restricted input space exploration, they fail to comprehensively fuzz ECU firmware. Moreover, existing fuzzing approaches often lack visibility into ECU firmware’ internal states but rely on limited feedback (e.g., message timeouts or hardware indicators), hindering their effectiveness. To address these limitations, we propose a structure-aware, diagnosis-guided framework, EcuFuzz, to comprehensively and effectively fuzz ECU firmware. Specifically, EcuFuzzsimultaneously considers external buses (i.e., CAN) and on-board buses (i.e., SPI). It leverages the structure of CAN and SPI to effectively mutate CAN messages and SPI sequences, and incorporates a dual-core microcontroller-based peripheral emulator to handle real-time SPI communication. In addition, EcuFuzzimplements a new feedback mechanism to guide the fuzzing process. It leverages automotive diagnostic protocols to collect ECUs’ internal states, i.e., error-related variables, trouble codes, and exception contexts. Our compatibility evaluation on ten ECUs from three major Tier 1 automotive suppliers has indicated that our framework is compatible with nine ECUs. Our effectiveness evaluation on three representative ECUs has demonstrated that our framework detects nine previously unknown safety-critical faults, which have been patched by technicians from the suppliers.

Design and Validation of an ABS and TCS Control Strategy Applied in an Automotive Simulator Using Model-Based Design Methodology

2025-06-20

Igor Sales Bezerra Souza , Lucas Alves Torres , André Murilo +1 more | IEEE Latin America Transactions

Literature Review on Modeling of Integrated T&D System using Dynamic Phasor Technique

2025-06-19

Ugyen Chophel | Zorig Melong.

With the advent of transitioning from conventional to the modern structure of electrical power systems, the systems are prone to numerous electrical dynamics that no longer have the luxury to … With the advent of transitioning from conventional to the modern structure of electrical power systems, the systems are prone to numerous electrical dynamics that no longer have the luxury to be neglected. As a result , the existing time domain simulation software, such as Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) and Root Mean Square (RMS) programs, are becoming inefficient for larger and complex systems. Moreover, the need for integrated Transmission and Distribution (iT&D) research is becoming an obvious trend with more distributed energy resources connecting to the system. The previous researches in this area of modeling and simulation use different techniques but more assumptions and oversimplification have resulted in less accuracy. On the other hand, there is the Dynamic Phasor (DP) concept developed for the analysis of dynamics in power electronics components. With more power electronics components infusing into the power systems, this technique can become a powerful method to analyze the behaviors of the system. Therefore, this literature survey paper extends the idea to implement the DP technique in modeling iT&D systems owing to its multiple advantages over the other methods.

“Automatic Temperature control fan”

2025-06-19

| IJIREEICE

Hardware in the Loop (HIL) Implemented for an Investigation to Unity Input Power Factor in Presence of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive

2025-06-19

R. Hariharan , M. Deva Darshanam | CRC Press eBooks

Testing of Hardware in the Loop to maintain Unity Input Power Factor Based on Artificial Intelligent Controller with Power Electronic Drive

2025-06-19

R. Hariharan , M. Deva Darshanam | CRC Press eBooks

Filtering Process to Optimize the Technical Data of Prototype Race Cars

2025-06-18

Attila Szántó , Éva Ádámkó , Gusztáv Áron Szíki | Applied Sciences

At the Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, we have long been engaged in the design and development of self-constructed, predominantly electric, single-seat prototype race cars. To enhance the efficiency … At the Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, we have long been engaged in the design and development of self-constructed, predominantly electric, single-seat prototype race cars. To enhance the efficiency of both vehicle design and competitive performance, the authors previously developed a modular technical data optimization software. This tool comprises two key modules: a vehicle dynamics simulation program that derives driving dynamics from technical specifications (parameters) and an optimization module that fine-tunes these parameters for various racing scenarios. However, the large number of input variables often renders the optimization process computationally intensive and time-consuming. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel filtering process designed to streamline the optimization process. This method systematically identifies and excludes parameters whose uncertainties exert minimal influence on the simulation outcomes. This approach significantly reduces computational overhead, thereby accelerating the optimization process.

Learning aerodynamics for the control of flying humanoid robots

2025-06-18

Antonello Paolino , Gabriele Nava , Fabio Di Natale +7 more | Communications Engineering

Robots with multi-modal locomotion are an active research field due to their versatility in diverse environments. In this context, additional actuation can provide humanoid robots with aerial capabilities. Flying humanoid … Robots with multi-modal locomotion are an active research field due to their versatility in diverse environments. In this context, additional actuation can provide humanoid robots with aerial capabilities. Flying humanoid robots face challenges in modeling and control, particularly with aerodynamic forces. This paper addresses these challenges from a technological and scientific standpoint. The technological contribution includes the mechanical design of iRonCub-Mk1, a jet-powered humanoid robot, optimized for jet engine integration, and hardware modifications for wind tunnel experiments on humanoid robots for precise aerodynamic forces and surface pressure measurements. The scientific contribution offers a comprehensive approach to model and control aerodynamic forces using classical and learning techniques. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations calculate aerodynamic forces, validated through wind tunnel experiments on iRonCub-Mk1. An automated CFD framework expands the aerodynamic dataset, enabling the training of a Deep Neural Network and a linear regression model. These models are integrated into a simulator for designing aerodynamic-aware controllers, validated through flight simulations and balancing experiments on the iRonCub-Mk1 physical prototype.

Attenuation of the First-Cycle Peak Response to an Impulse Disturbance

2025-06-17

Aprille J. Ericsson-Jackson , Simon Fletcher , Andrew P. Longstaff | Vibration

Traditional control strategies for vibration suppression primarily focus on reducing settling time. However, this approach may not adequately address situations where the initial peak response of the vibration poses a … Traditional control strategies for vibration suppression primarily focus on reducing settling time. However, this approach may not adequately address situations where the initial peak response of the vibration poses a risk of damage. This paper presents a novel application of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for attenuating the first-cycle peak response of free vibration in flexible structures. Inspired by the sudden impact scenario of particle accelerator collimators, a smart beam was designed to investigate the percentage first-cycle peak attenuation (FCPA) achievable by the disturbance estimation-based controller, in comparison with a classical proportional–differential (PD) controller. This study examined the limitations of the controller in mitigating initial deviations caused by real-world factors, such as delay and noise, through experimental methods. Results indicate that the PD controller achieves a maximum attenuation of 18%, while the ADRC achieves 30% attenuation. Improving the collocation configuration of the smart beam further improves the ADRC attenuation to 46.5%. Experimental data was used to fine-tune the system model in a sensitivity analysis to determine the delay within the system. Additionally, a new tuning parameter, α, representing the ratio of the observer bandwidth to controller bandwidth, was introduced to investigate the impact of observer and controller gain choices. System noise was amplified by 20 to 30 times, depending on the α value, although no significant effect on the control of the beam was observed.

Dual-Loop MPC Architecture for Quadrotor Control

2025-06-17

Binqiang Xue | Science and Technology of Engineering Chemistry and Environmental Protection

This study proposes a comprehensive dual-loop MPC framework for quadrotor control, consisting of a velocity-to-attitude reference generator, an outer-loop attitude MPC, and an inner-loop angular velocity MPC. The outer loop … This study proposes a comprehensive dual-loop MPC framework for quadrotor control, consisting of a velocity-to-attitude reference generator, an outer-loop attitude MPC, and an inner-loop angular velocity MPC. The outer loop derives reference angles (ϕ, θ, ψ) from desired translational velocities, while the inner loop tracks angular dynamics. The system’s performance is evaluated based on overshoot, steady-state error, and RMSE. Simulation results demonstrate reliable tracking and disturbance rejection in all loops under reference variations.

Adaptive Cycle Engine Acceleration Controller Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

2025-06-16

Ming Qiao , Linfeng Gou , Yuhang Liu +2 more | Advances in transdisciplinary engineering

The adaptive cycle engine can adapt to the requirements of aircraft subsonic flight and supersonic flight, and its acceleration process shows strong nonlinearity. The deep reinforcement learning method has strong … The adaptive cycle engine can adapt to the requirements of aircraft subsonic flight and supersonic flight, and its acceleration process shows strong nonlinearity. The deep reinforcement learning method has strong adaptive learning ability for complex uncertain environments, and is suitable for the Markov decision-making process of adaptive cycle engine acceleration control. This paper proposes an adaptive cycle engine acceleration controller based on deep reinforcement learning method. The deep deterministic strategy gradient algorithm is applied to the continuous control process. Ornstein-uhlenbeck noise is used to explore the noise to match the inertial system of the engine acceleration process. A delay term is introduced to match the engine’s actuator performance. The simulation results show that the controller can fully tap the performance potential of the engine and shorten the acceleration time while ensuring safety.

Design and Test of a Ducted Fan VTOL UAV

2025-06-16

Yangping Deng , Baigang Mi | Advances in transdisciplinary engineering

A 30-kg-class ducted fan UAV has been developed in this study, which has two ducted fans and one tail rotor. The transmission system, including several gearboxes, was designed for driving … A 30-kg-class ducted fan UAV has been developed in this study, which has two ducted fans and one tail rotor. The transmission system, including several gearboxes, was designed for driving ducted fans by a combustion engine. For the attitude control of this UAV, a control concept has been proposed. The aerodynamic performances of ducted fan in hover condition have been investigated with the unsteady CFD method and ground test. A full-scale prototype was fabricated and hover flight tests have been carried out.

ANALYSIS OF WIND TURBINE POWER OUTPUT VIA MODELING, SIMULATION, AND VALIDATION

2025-06-14

Ciprian Popa , Nicolae-Silviu Popa , Florențiu Deliu +3 more | REVUE ROUMAINE DES SCIENCES TECHNIQUES — SÉRIE ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE ET ÉNERGÉTIQUE

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the mathematical modeling, simulation, and experimental validation of the electrical power output of a wind turbine system. The research begins with developing mathematical … This paper presents a comprehensive study on the mathematical modeling, simulation, and experimental validation of the electrical power output of a wind turbine system. The research begins with developing mathematical models to determine the useful electrical power generated by the wind turbine under varying operational conditions. These models are then simulated using MATLAB/Simulink to predict the system's performance. A physical prototype of the wind turbine system is constructed to collect experimental data under real-world conditions. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the simulated data to validate the accuracy of the mathematical models. The maximum relative error observed between the simulated and experimental data is 1.71 %, highlighting the reliability of the proposed models. The research demonstrates the effectiveness of the mathematical approach for predicting wind turbine performance and offers valuable insights into the design and optimization of small-scale wind energy systems.

HI Intensity Mapping with the MIGHTEE Survey: First Results of the H <scp>i</scp> Power Spectrum

2025-06-13

Aishrila Mazumder , Laura Wolz , Zhaoting Chen +6 more | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Abstract We present the first results of the H i intensity mapping power spectrum analysis with the MeerKAT International GigaHertz Tiered Extragalactic Exploration (MIGHTEE) survey. We use data covering ∼ … Abstract We present the first results of the H i intensity mapping power spectrum analysis with the MeerKAT International GigaHertz Tiered Extragalactic Exploration (MIGHTEE) survey. We use data covering ∼ 4 square degrees in the COSMOS field using a frequency range 962.5 MHz to 1008.42 MHz, equivalent to H i emission in 0.4 &lt; z &lt; 0.48. The data consists of 15 pointings with a total of 94.2 hours on-source. We verify the suitability of the MIGHTEE data for H i intensity mapping by testing for residual systematics across frequency, baselines and pointings. We also vary the window used for H i signal measurements and find no significant improvement using stringent Fourier mode cuts. We compute the H i power spectrum at scales 0.5 Mpc−1 ≲ k ≲ 10 Mpc−1 in auto-correlation as well as cross-correlation between observational scans using power spectrum domain averaging for pointings. We report consistent upper limits of 29.8 mK2Mpc3 from the 2σ cross-correlation measurements and 25.82 mK2Mpc3 from auto-correlation at k ∼2 Mpc−1.The low signal-to-noise in this data potentially limits our ability to identify residual systematics, which will be addressed in the future by incorporating more data in the analysis.

Systemic Scaling of Powertrain Models with Youla and H∞ Driver Control

2025-06-13

Roger C. E. Tan , Siddhesh Yadav , Francis Assadian | Energies

This paper presents a methodology for systematically scaling vehicle powertrain and other models and an approach for using model parameters and scaling variables to perform controller design. The parameter scaling … This paper presents a methodology for systematically scaling vehicle powertrain and other models and an approach for using model parameters and scaling variables to perform controller design. The parameter scaling method allows for high degrees of scaling while maintaining the target performance metrics, such as vehicle speed tracking, with minimal changes to the model code by the researcher. A comparison of proportional-integral, Youla parameterization, H∞, and hybrid Youla-H∞ controllers is provided, along with the respective methods for maintaining controller performance metrics across degrees of model scaling factors. The application of the scaling and various control design methods to an existing model of a hydrogen fuel cell and a battery electric vehicle powertrain allows for the development of a representative scale model to be compared with experimental data generated by an actual scale vehicle. The comparison between scaled simulation and experimental data will eventually be used to inform the expected performance of the full-size electric vehicle based on full-size simulation results.

VERIFICATION TESTING OF A WELL-MATCHED WIND TURBINE POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

2025-06-13

Mohamad Isamuddin Majunit , Fazila Mohd Zawawi , Kamarulafizam Ismail +1 more | Jurnal Teknologi

Due to Malaysia's typically low and fluctuating wind speeds, it is crucial to carefully select and match appropriate wind turbine generators to ensure efficient power production. However, the data provided … Due to Malaysia's typically low and fluctuating wind speeds, it is crucial to carefully select and match appropriate wind turbine generators to ensure efficient power production. However, the data provided by manufacturers for wind turbine generators often differs from actual operational performance. This study aims to develop a test rig and setup to characterize the generator constant. The verification testing involved validating a 1kW generator with a rated voltage of 48V and a rated RPM of 380 under both unloaded and loaded power systems. The results showed that the calculated generator constant (Kv) for the 1kW 48V generator was 4.56 rpm/V when the system was unloaded. When the system starts charging, using an Energy Storage Capacity (ESC) of 4.8kWh, the Kv value increased to 63.13 rpm/V. The maximum charging power (Pc) that could be generated under these conditions was 944W at 533 rpm. According to the results, at the generator's rated RPM of 380, the maximum charging power attainable is 608W. This test result contradicts the manufacturer's claim that at a rated RPM of 350, the power output is 1kW.

Kinematics of single-degree-of-freedom closed-loop systems with C2 Hermite Spline interpolation

2025-06-12

Nicolas Capette , Vaclav Houdek , Olivier Verlinden +1 more | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> This paper presents a procedure for computing the kinematics of closed-loop multibody subsystems when their kinematics cannot be analytically expressed in terms of the system’s degrees of freedom (DOF). … <title>Abstract</title> This paper presents a procedure for computing the kinematics of closed-loop multibody subsystems when their kinematics cannot be analytically expressed in terms of the system’s degrees of freedom (DOF). The approach expresses the kinematics by a separate interpolation in translation and rotation. Firstly, the kinematics of the system is formulated through constraint equations in Cartesian coordinates. Then, the Newton-Raphson algorithm is used to solve the constraint equations and determine positions and orientations, followed by computing the solution at velocity and acceleration levels. Furthermore, an incremental interpolation method using fifth-order Hermite splines, between the reference configurations, ensures C2 continuity. The proposed interpolation approach is compared with rotation interpolation based on Tait-Bryant angles and applied to two benchmark systems: a double wishbone suspension and a slider-crank mech- anism. The results showed that interpolation with Bryant angles provide better accuracy for the slider-crank mechanism, reducing velocity and acceleration oscillations.

Multi-Task Optimisation-Based Yaw Control For Wind Farm Power Generation

2025-06-08

NagaSree Keerthi Pujari , A. K. Qin , Kishalay Mitra | 2022 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)

Cue: A Fast and Flexible Photoionization Emulator for Modeling Nebular Emission Powered by Almost Any Ionizing Source

2025-06-02

Yijia Li , Joel Leja , Benjamin D. Johnson +5 more

Abstract The complex physics governing nebular emission in galaxies, particularly in the early Universe, often defy simple low-dimensional models. This has proven to be a significant barrier in understanding the … Abstract The complex physics governing nebular emission in galaxies, particularly in the early Universe, often defy simple low-dimensional models. This has proven to be a significant barrier in understanding the (often diverse) ionizing sources powering this emission. We present Cue , 10 10 Cue v0.1 is available online at GitHub, https://github.com/yi-jia-li/cue with a copy deposited to Zenodo (Y. Li et al. 2024). a highly flexible tool for interpreting nebular emission across a wide range of abundances and ionizing conditions of galaxies at different redshifts. Unlike typical nebular models used to interpret extragalactic nebular emission, our model does not require a specific ionizing spectrum as a source, instead approximating the ionizing spectrum with a four-part piecewise power law. We train a neural net emulator based on the CLOUDY photoionization modeling code and make self-consistent nebular continuum and line emission predictions. Along with the flexible ionizing spectra, we allow freedom in [O/H], [N/O], [C/O], gas density, and total ionizing photon budget. This flexibility allows us to either marginalize over or directly measure the incident ionizing radiation, thereby directly interrogating the source of the ionizing photons in distant galaxies via their nebular emission. Our emulator demonstrates a high accuracy, with ∼1% uncertainty in predicting the nebular continuum and ∼5% uncertainty in the emission lines. Mock tests suggest Cue is well calibrated and produces useful constraints on the ionizing spectra when the signal-to-noise ratio of H α is ≳10, and furthermore capable of distinguishing between the ionizing spectra predicted by single and binary stellar models. The computational efficiency of neural networks facilitates future applications of Cue for rapid modeling of the nebular emission in large samples and Monte Carlo sampling techniques.

View PDF Chat

Efficient prior specification in procedural 3d modelling

2025-06-01

Ioannis Kleitsiotis , George Tsirogiannis , Spiridon Likothanassis | Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory

Design and life cycle verification method on moving cables of civil aircraft

2025-06-01

Yanjun Liu , Huanghua Hu | Journal of Physics Conference Series

Abstract As a part of EWIS, EWIS sports cable is of great significance to the installation, maintenance, customer modification, and continuous airworthiness of EWIS. According to the requirements of CCAR … Abstract As a part of EWIS, EWIS sports cable is of great significance to the installation, maintenance, customer modification, and continuous airworthiness of EWIS. According to the requirements of CCAR 25. 1703 and CCAR 25. 1707 for EWIS moving cables, this paper proposes a set of EWIS motion cable design systems and programs, and combs the characteristics, design requirements, and test methods of EWIS various moving cables under various motion forms and working conditions. It also expounds on the requirements of EWIS continuous airworthiness for moving cables, which has important role and significance.

Efficient reduction of interconnected subsystem models using abstracted environments

2025-06-01

Luuk Poort , Bart Besselink , R.H.B. Fey +1 more | European Journal of Control

Design of Fast Frequency Voltage Active Support Method and Testing System for Flywheel Array

2025-06-01

Lingfeng Wei , Guanjun Li , Haoyuan Li +3 more | Journal of Physics Conference Series

Abstract The use of flywheel array energy management system and frequency/voltage active support control device is an effective way to enhance the active support capability of flywheel array to the … Abstract The use of flywheel array energy management system and frequency/voltage active support control device is an effective way to enhance the active support capability of flywheel array to the power grid. Firstly, a flywheel array frequency/voltage active support control system was constructed based on an energy management system and simulation server. Then, research was conducted on control strategies such as peak shaving and frequency regulation through the control system. Then, based on the dynamic response characteristics of the output power of the flywheel array port, optimization methods for parameters such as inertia and damping of the flywheel array control system and energy management optimization strategies are proposed. Finally, a regional power grid model and a flywheel array grid connected model were constructed, and the active support effect of the control strategy on the power grid was verified on the joint simulation platform during frequency/voltage fluctuations in the regional power grid.

Experimental investigation of a liquid oxygen-kerosene pintle injector

2025-06-01

Tianwen Li , Nanjia Yu , Zeng Zhao +1 more | Applied Thermal Engineering