Physics and Astronomy Astronomy and Astrophysics

Space exploration and regulation

Description

This cluster of papers encompasses a wide range of topics related to space exploration, governance, and the commercialization of space activities. It covers issues such as space tourism, satellite programs, space policy, sustainability of outer space activities, geopolitics of outer space, and the development of international space law. The cluster also delves into the globalization of space activities, space diplomacy, and the challenges and opportunities associated with the commercial space industry.

Keywords

Space Tourism; Space Policy; Satellite Programs; Globalization of Space Activities; Commercial Space Industry; Space Diplomacy; Sustainability of Outer Space Activities; Geopolitics of Outer Space; Space Technology Transfer; International Space Law

Illustrated paperback cover, 319 pages, illustrated in colour and black and white. 200 x 130 mm. Illustrated paperback cover, 319 pages, illustrated in colour and black and white. 200 x 130 mm.
Preface vii CHAPTER 1 Crisis and Opportunity 3 CHAPTER 2 Kyoto's Fantasyland: Allocating the Atmosphere 25 CHAPTER 3 Monitoring and Enforcement 55 CHAPTER 4 Rethinking the Architecture 75 CHAPTER 5 … Preface vii CHAPTER 1 Crisis and Opportunity 3 CHAPTER 2 Kyoto's Fantasyland: Allocating the Atmosphere 25 CHAPTER 3 Monitoring and Enforcement 55 CHAPTER 4 Rethinking the Architecture 75 CHAPTER 5 After Kyoto: What Next? 109 APPENDIX The Causes and Effects of Global Warming: A Brief Survey of the Science 117 Notes 123 Works Cited 155 Index 173
With increasing frequency and growing vehemence, we are being told that on our “only one earth” we are, for the first time, living a single history. By this is meant … With increasing frequency and growing vehemence, we are being told that on our “only one earth” we are, for the first time, living a single history. By this is meant that technological, ecological, political, economic, and social environments are becoming so globally enmeshed that changes taking place in one segment of international society will have consequential repercussions in all others. An equally frequent and no less vehement remonstration attending this observation is that the scope and complexity of new scientific and technological developments are outpacing the capacities of our systems of international organization to manage them. The necessity has emerged, this line of reasoning continues, to restructure our international institutional frameworks in keeping with the unhitching of nature's constants which science and technology have effected. But on what basis? According to what principles? Toward what ends?
he Eve of the Launch Learning Culture, Revising History Risk, Work Group Culture, and the Norma lization of Deviance The Normalization of Deviance, 1981-1984 The Normalization of Deviance, 19856: The … he Eve of the Launch Learning Culture, Revising History Risk, Work Group Culture, and the Norma lization of Deviance The Normalization of Deviance, 1981-1984 The Normalization of Deviance, 19856: The Culture of Production St ructural Secrecy The Eve of the Launch Revisited Conformity and Tragedy Lessons Learned Appendix A Cost/Safety Trade-Offs? Scra pping the Escape Rockets and the SRB Contract Award Decision. Appendix B Supporting Charts and Documents Appendix C On Theory Elaboration, Organizations, and Historical Ethnography.
This paper presents a compendium of satellites under civilian and/or commercial control with the potential to gather global land-cover observations. From this we show that a growing number of sovereign … This paper presents a compendium of satellites under civilian and/or commercial control with the potential to gather global land-cover observations. From this we show that a growing number of sovereign states are acquiring capacity for space based land-cover observations and show how geopolitical patterns of ownership are changing. We discuss how the number of satellites flying at any time has progressed as a function of increased launch rates and mission longevity, and how the spatial resolutions of the data they collect has evolved. The first such satellite was launched by the USA in 1972. Since then government and/or private entities in 33 other sovereign states and geopolitical groups have chosen to finance such missions and 197 individual satellites with a global land-cover observing capacity have been successfully launched. Of these 98 were still operating at the end of 2013. Since the 1970s the number of such missions failing within 3 years of launch has dropped from around 60% to less than 20%, the average operational life of a mission has almost tripled, increasing from 3.3 years in the 1970s to 8.6 years (and still lengthening), the average number of satellites launched per-year/per-decade has increased from 2 to 12 and spatial resolution increased from around 80 m to less than 1 m multispectral and less than half a meter for panchromatic; synthetic aperture radar resolution has also fallen, from 25 m in the 1970s to 1 m post 2007. More people in more countries have access to data from global land-cover observing spaceborne missions at a greater range of spatial resolutions than ever before. We provide a compendium of such missions, analyze the changes and shows how innovation, the need for secure data-supply, national pride, falling costs and technological advances may underpin the trends we document.
The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, adopted in 1987 and revised in 1990, saved life on Earth from possible destruction - the first time that the … The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, adopted in 1987 and revised in 1990, saved life on Earth from possible destruction - the first time that the international community faced such a global threat. Ambassador Richard Benedick, who was the chief U.S. negotiator of this treaty, combines science, politics, economics, and diplomacy in a fascinating and definitive account of the origins and realization of this precedent-setting international agreement. Ozone Diplomacy provides a dramatic portrayal of the participants in this dynamic process - scientists, industrialists, and government officials - and offers useful models for international approaches to other emerging issues such as global warming. This intriguing story will be invaluable to all those concerned with the environment, international law, and the practice of modern diplomacy.
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Space, Time, and Spacetime. By Lawrence Sklar. (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press. 1974. Pp. xii + 423. Price $15) J. … Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Space, Time, and Spacetime. By Lawrence Sklar. (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press. 1974. Pp. xii + 423. Price $15) J. D. North J. D. North Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 25, Issue 101, October 1975, Pages 374–376, https://doi.org/10.2307/2218991 Published: 01 October 1975
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<strong>ESA WorldCover 10 m 2020 v100</strong> The European Space Agency (ESA) WorldCover 10 m 2020 product provides a global land cover map for 2020 at 10 m resolution based on … <strong>ESA WorldCover 10 m 2020 v100</strong> The European Space Agency (ESA) WorldCover 10 m 2020 product provides a global land cover map for 2020 at 10 m resolution based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data. The WorldCover product comes with 11 land cover classes, aligned with UN-FAO's Land Cover Classification System, and has been generated in the framework of the ESA WorldCover project. The WorldCover product is developed by a consortium lead by VITO Remote Sensing together with partners Brockmann Consult, CS SI, Gamma Remote Sensing AG, IIASA and Wageningen University Click here to view the maps More information about the land cover maps Product User Manual &amp; Product Validation Report
Prime among these SSB inputs is identification of priority Prime among these SSB inputs is identification of priority
NASA has requested a $14.3 billion budget for fiscal year 1995, which is $250 million below the $14.5 billion it received in fiscal 1994. NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin said … NASA has requested a $14.3 billion budget for fiscal year 1995, which is $250 million below the $14.5 billion it received in fiscal 1994. NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin said the budget conveys the president's commitment to a strong and vital aeronautics and space program while reflecting today's very real fiscal constraints. No major programs were canceled. “The president's budget plan for NASA is a sound one, with reductions that still preserve a meaningful space program, but this is it. We can't get any closer to the bone,” Goldin warned. In real terms, this 5‐year fiscal 1995 budget represents a 30% cut in the last 2 years. “We must hold the line at this level and will work closely with Congress to do so,” Goldin said.
Surveys the history of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and describes its structure, current functions, and influence on our society. Surveys the history of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and describes its structure, current functions, and influence on our society.
The major space agencies of the world recognize that there are benefits in using standard techniques for handling space data and that, by cooperatively developing these techniques, future data system … The major space agencies of the world recognize that there are benefits in using standard techniques for handling space data and that, by cooperatively developing these techniques, future data system interoperability will be enhanced. In order to assure that work towards standardization of space-related information technologies provides the maximum benefi t for the interested agencies, both individually and collectively, an international Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) was established in 1982 as a forum for international cooperation in the development of data handling techniques supporting space research, including space science and applications. In 1991, the committee was incorporated as a subcommittee of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The article describs the work of CCSDS till its beginning in the 80s till today (2009).
Vasily Borisov | Science management theory and practice
The article examines the main milestones in the early years of the era of space television, starting with an epoch-making event in this field, namely the development of the first … The article examines the main milestones in the early years of the era of space television, starting with an epoch-making event in this field, namely the development of the first Yenisei television equipment. It was designed to capture and transmit images of the invisible side of the Moon from the Luna 3 space probe (the automatic interplanetary station was launched in 1959). It is noted that the day of October 7, 1959 marked the birth date of space television, as on that day the radio and television system Luna 3 began transmitting images of the far side of the Moon to Earth. The article describes a number of technical solutions (including outdated ones for terrestrial television systems) that have found successful application in space television equipment. In particular, an example of the use of optical and mechanical systems in television equipment installed on the Mars, Luna, and Zond spacecraft, on the landers of the Venera program, and on the American spacecraft of the Ranger and Viking types is discussed. Another important milestone in the evolution of space television was the development of a television camera delivering fairly good image quality. This technical invention allowed scientists to monitor the condition of the first cosmonaut of the Earth, Yuri Gagarin, during his orbital flight on the Vostok satellite spacecraft on April 12, 1961. The article also discusses other achievements of Russian and global space television.

Space race

2025-06-24
John M. Logsdon | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Space warfare

2025-06-24
Jeremy Grunert | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks
Ulrike M. Bohlmann , Lukas C. Jung , S. Richard +1 more | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Space security

2025-06-24
Arne Sönnichsen | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Space law

2025-06-24
Fabio Tronchetti | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks
Xavier Pasco | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Space safety

2025-06-24
Joseph N. Pelton , Michael T. Kezirian , Taro Kuusiholma +1 more | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Space economy

2025-06-24
Henry R. Hertzfeld | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks
John Napier | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks
Jeremy Grunert | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks
Christian Brünner , Hannes Mayer | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks
Arne Sönnichsen | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks
Ken Hodgkins | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Spacepower

2025-06-24
Marco Aliberti , Ottorino Cappelli , Rodrigo Praino | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks
| Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks
Arne Sönnichsen | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks
Ranjana Kaul | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks
Tanja Masson-Zwaan | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Astropolitics

2025-06-24
Tomas Hrozensky | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Banks in Space

2025-06-23
Ezra Oberfield , Nicholas Trachter , Esteban Rossi‐Hansberg +1 more | Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Working Papers
Ian Shields | Routledge eBooks
Officials now have access to a suite of models they can use to head off damage to critical infrastructure. Officials now have access to a suite of models they can use to head off damage to critical infrastructure.
ABSTRACT Scholars have recently argued that international politics is plagued by instability as the world rapidly transitions from one crisis to another. This state of “Permacrisis,” or permanent crises between … ABSTRACT Scholars have recently argued that international politics is plagued by instability as the world rapidly transitions from one crisis to another. This state of “Permacrisis,” or permanent crises between states, is driven by technological innovations which create new kinds of crises and drive competitions between adversarial states. It is amid the backdrop of “Permacrisis” that this article conceptualizes and defines the term tech diplomacy which has three meanings. First, tech diplomacy denotes a shift in how foreign ministries (MFAs) contend with the rapid development of new digital technologies. The article suggests that tech diplomacy constitutes a form of proactive digitalization in which diplomats foster networks with tech actors to prepare for future digital landscapes and map potential tech‐based challenges. Second, tech diplomacy refers to diplomats' growing need to manage tech‐related issues. In a digitally connected world, technologies have national, regional, and global ramifications necessitating diplomatic action. Finally, tech diplomacy denotes a “Tech First” approach to foreign policy in which tech‐based negotiations are viewed as a steppingstone towards diplomatic engagement between adversarial states. The article uses the case study of cryptocurrency regulation in the US and China to discuss the potential and the limitations of tech diplomacy.
Ms. Dighe Yogita Nanasaheb | International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology
This paper reviews major developments in satellite communication between 2024 and 2025. Topics include LEO mega constellations, D2D and 5G NTN integration, optical links, AI/Cybersecurity, small satellites &amp; IoT, sovereign … This paper reviews major developments in satellite communication between 2024 and 2025. Topics include LEO mega constellations, D2D and 5G NTN integration, optical links, AI/Cybersecurity, small satellites &amp; IoT, sovereign networks, and orbital sustainability. Implications for market dynamics, policy, and future research are discussed
Abstract Earth–outer space interactions challenge conventional legal structures through dynamics that transcend jurisdictional boundaries and temporal scales. International law historically operates through specific spatiotemporal assumptions: geometric space, chronometric time, and … Abstract Earth–outer space interactions challenge conventional legal structures through dynamics that transcend jurisdictional boundaries and temporal scales. International law historically operates through specific spatiotemporal assumptions: geometric space, chronometric time, and cartographic politics. These elements structure how legal authority is conceptualised and enacted. This study recognizes the interconnectedness between Earth and outer space, positioning legal thought and practice within planetary and cosmic contexts. This integrative framework moves beyond anthropocentric and state-centric paradigms to address the indeterminate nature of multifaceted systems. The research employs an interdisciplinary methodology that integrates legal theory and doctrine, systems engineering, and systems science to analyse emergent phenomena such as orbital debris dynamics. The study concludes that addressing Earth–outer space interactions effectively requires not merely integrating existing legal regimes but reconceptualizing core legal concepts to align better with complex, multi-scalar and emergent dynamics.
Axel Brandenburg | transcript Verlag eBooks
When humanity first broke free from Earth’s gravitational bonds, we began the grandest chapter in the history of our civilization [...] When humanity first broke free from Earth’s gravitational bonds, we began the grandest chapter in the history of our civilization [...]
ABSTRACT The European Union (EU) is making regulatory efforts to allow for the safe integration of drones into civilian airspace through automated means. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/664 concerning unmanned … ABSTRACT The European Union (EU) is making regulatory efforts to allow for the safe integration of drones into civilian airspace through automated means. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/664 concerning unmanned traffic management (a system referred to as “U‐Space”) furthers that commitment. Accordingly, drone operators must avail themselves of automatic traffic‐related “U‐Space services” concerning flight authorization, geo awareness, traffic information, and network identification before entering U‐Space airspace. Using infrastructural analysis, as proposed within Science and Technology Studies (STS), this article shows that while automation is meant to ensure safe traffic, it could also challenge U‐Space safety in at least three ways: by inviting reliability concerns for U‐Space infrastructure; because of the transition from human‐centric to automation‐centric systems; and by being subject to irregularities within the EU's framework. An infrastructural analysis, therefore, helps in unveiling important factors which influence the safety of automated technologies and in critically discussing the role of law in their regulation.
This article addresses the issue of space power and highlights the fact that space is becoming an arena with fervent competition among states to increase their geopolitical influence and acquire … This article addresses the issue of space power and highlights the fact that space is becoming an arena with fervent competition among states to increase their geopolitical influence and acquire the advantages that space economy offers. Outer space is a domain characterized by highly complex conditions and high fluidity, in which the presence of public and private actors, and the convergence of national interests can lead to the escalation of perpetual political–economic tensions and culminate in armed confrontation with counter-opponents, changing/defending the current international balance of power. Globalization and competition among states have increased the need for a more comprehensive characterization of outer space and contributed to a growing awareness that space is an autonomous and heterogeneous dimension with strategic significance since it can affect a country’s vital sectors transversally. Although a subject of geopolitical interest, the concept of space power has not yet been uniquely defined. The authors try to define this concept in strict connection with national power and support the idea that it has assumed, over time, an increasingly multidimensional connotation and is closely interrelated with the other components of state power – diplomatic, informational, military and economic (DIME) as each contributes to it and establishes interactions from which the components draw mutual benefits and opportunities. In addition, the article suggests a new approach to national policy to the states that requires governments to deploy all available national resources/means from a broader ‘country system’ perspective to favour the introduction of an innovative framework adapted to the new needs to increase the certainty of operating and ensuring equitable benefits from outer space’s opportunities. The Italian case study represents a valuable example of a country that tries to approach the national policy by considering the contribution of all the instruments of national power and all resources to guarantee a systemic approach that makes space power governance more effective and sustainable, and enables a better management of national power, even in crises situations.