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Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy

Works Count: 104058

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This cluster of papers explores the phenomenon of immigrant entrepreneurship in advanced economies, focusing on topics such as mixed embeddedness, transnational entrepreneurship, social capital, diaspora entrepreneurship, and refugee entrepreneurship. It delves into the challenges, opportunities, and characteristics of immigrant-owned businesses and their impact on urban economic development.

Keywords

Immigrant Entrepreneurship; Ethnic Minority Business; Transnational Entrepreneurship; Mixed Embeddedness; Social Capital; Diaspora Entrepreneurship; Refugee Entrepreneurship; Cultural Diversity; Self-Employment; Minority Enterprise

Remaking the American mainstream: assimilation and contemporary immigration

2004-02-01

Richard Alba , Victor Nee

In this age of multicultural democracy, the idea of assimilation - that the social distance separating immigrants and their children from the mainstream of American society closes over time - … In this age of multicultural democracy, the idea of assimilation - that the social distance separating immigrants and their children from the mainstream of American society closes over time - seems outdated and, in some forms, even offensive. But, as Richard Alba and Victor Nee show in their systematic treatment of assimilation, it continues to shape the immigrant experience, even though the geography of immigration has shifted from Europe to Asia, Africa and Latin America. Institutional changes, from civil rights legislation to immigration law, have provided a more favourable environment for non-white immigrants and their children than in the past. Assimilation is still driven, in claim, by the decisions of immigrants and the second generation to improve their social and material circumstances in America. But they also show that immigrants, historically and in the contemporary world, have profoundly changed American society and culture in the process of becoming Americans. Surveying a variety of domains - language, socio-economic attachments, residential patterns and inter-marriage - Alba and Nee demonstrate the continuing importance of assimilation in American life. They predict that it will blur the boundaries among the major, racially defined populations, as non-whites and Hispanics are increasingly incorporated into the mainstream.

Legacies: the story of the immigrant second generation

2002-02-01

Alejandro Portes , Rubén G. Rumbaut

List of Tables and Figures Preface Acknowledgments 1. Twelve Stories Miami Stories MarIa de los Angeles and Yvette Santana: August 1993 Melanie Fernandez-Rey: September 1993 Aristide Maillol: August 1993 Armando … List of Tables and Figures Preface Acknowledgments 1. Twelve Stories Miami Stories MarIa de los Angeles and Yvette Santana: August 1993 Melanie Fernandez-Rey: September 1993 Aristide Maillol: August 1993 Armando and Luis Hern*ndez: July 1995 Mary Patterson: February 1995 EfrEn Montejo: May 1994 San Diego Stories Jorge, Olga, Miguel Angel, and Estela Cardozo: January 1994 Quy Nguyen: December 1987 Bennie and Jennifer Montoya: October 1995 Sophy Keng: November 1987 - June 1988 Yolanda and Carlos Munoz: March 1994 Boua Cha: 1988 - 1990 2. The New Americans: An Overview Immigration Yesterday and Today The Size and Concentration of the Second Generation Studying the New Second Generation: The Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study The New Second Generation at a Glance Census Results CILS Results 3. Not Everyone Is Chosen: Segmented Assimilation and Its Determinants How Immigrants Are Received: Modes of Incorporation and Their Consequences Acculturation and Role Reversal Where They Grow Up: Challenges to Second-Generation Adaptation Race Labor Markets Countercultures Confronting the Challenge: Immigrant Social Capital Parental Status, Family Structure, and Gender The Immigrant Community Conclusion 4. Making It in America Early Adaptation and Achievement General Trends Nationality and Achievement Determinants of Parental Economic Achievement Interaction Effects Nationality and Family Composition Conclusion 5. In Their Own Eyes: Immigrant Outlooks on America Aura Lila MarIn, Cuban, 53, Single Mother (1994) Pao Yang, Laotian Hmong, 57, Father (1995) Optimism Permissiveness Ambition Community and Pride Conclusion 6. Lost in Translation: Language and the New Second Generation Bilingualism: Yesterday and Today Shadow Boxing: Myth and Reality of Language Acculturation General Trends National Differences Forced-March Acculturation What Makes a Bilingual? A Game of Mirrors: Language Instruction and Types of Acculturation 7. Defining the Situation: The Ethnic Identities of Children of Immigrants Sites of Belonging: The Complex Allegiances of Children of Immigrants Developing a Self Past Research Who Am I? Patterns of Ethnic Self-Identification Ethnic Identity Shifts Stability and Salience Ethnic Self-Identities by National Origin Where Do I Come From? Nation, Family, and Identity Correlates of Self-Identities Family Status, Composition, and Language The Influence of Parental Self-Identities Region, Schools, and Discrimination The Race Question Determinants of Ethnic and Racial Identities Conclusion: From Translation Artists to Living Paradoxes 8. The Crucible Within: Family, Schools, and the Psychology of the Second Generation San Diego Families Family Cohesion, Conflict, and Change School Environments and Peer Groups Psychological Well-Being: Self-Esteem and Depressive Affect School Engagement and Effort Educational Expectations Determinants of Psychosocial Outcomes Self-Esteem and Depression Ambition Conclusion 9. School Achievement and Failure Early Educational Achievement Preliminary Results Determinants of Early Achievement Educational Achievement in Late Adolescence Grades in Senior High School Change over Time Dropping Out of School Two Achievement Paradoxes Southeast Asians Cuban Americans Conclusion 10. Conclusion: Mainstream Ideologies and the Long-Term Prospects of Immigrant Communities Two Mainstream Ideologies A Third Way: Selective Acculturation and Bilingualism The Mexican Case Theoretical Reprise Time and Acculturation Reactive Ethnicity and Its Aftermath Appendix A. Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study: Follow-up Questionnaire Appendix B. Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study: Parental Questionnaire Appendix C. Variables Used in Multivariate Analyses: Chapters 6 to 9 Notes References Index

Transnationalism: A New Analytic Framework for Understanding Migration

1992-07-01

Nina Glick Schiller , Linda Basch , Cristina Blanc‐Szanton

Social Remittances: Migration Driven Local-Level Forms of Cultural Diffusion

1998-12-01

Peggy Levitt

"Many studies highlight the macro-level dissemination of global culture and institutions. This article focuses on social remittances--a local-level, migration-driven form of cultural diffusion. Social remittances are the ideas, behaviors, identities, … "Many studies highlight the macro-level dissemination of global culture and institutions. This article focuses on social remittances--a local-level, migration-driven form of cultural diffusion. Social remittances are the ideas, behaviors, identities, and social capital that flow from receiving- to sending-country communities. The role that these resources play in promoting immigrant entrepreneurship, community and family formation, and political integration is widely acknowledged. This article specifies how these same ideas and practices are remolded in receiving countries, the mechanisms by which they are sent back to sending communities, and the role they play in transforming sending-country social and political life." The data concern migrants from the Dominican Republic to the Boston area of the United States.

Latin Journey: Cuban and Mexican Immigrants in the United States.

1985-12-01

Harley L. Browning , Alejandro Portes , Robert L. Bach

This in-depth study of the migration process is primarily concerned with recent Cuban and Mexican immigration into the United States. A theoretical overview of labor migration and a historical survey … This in-depth study of the migration process is primarily concerned with recent Cuban and Mexican immigration into the United States. A theoretical overview of labor migration and a historical survey of immigration to the United States from 1890 to 1979 are first presented. The political and socioeconomic circumstances confronting the Mexicans and the Cubans in their home countries prior to migration are contrasted. Information is presented concerning place of residence social adaptation labor market participation and income for the two immigrant groups. These data are from interviews conducted at the time of the immigrants arrival in 1973 again in 1976 and finally in 1979. Detailed empirical findings are presented in 111 tables and an appendix. Particular attention is given to the Cuban enclave in Miami the economic and occupational mobility of Mexican immigrants immigrants perceptions of the United States and the social relationships of immigrants. Finally the theoretical and practical implications of the major trends observed in this study are summarized.

Global diasporas: an introduction

1997-12-01

Robin Cohen

An introduction to the concept of diaspora which provides the basic building blocks of comparative and theoretical analysis. It explores the relationship between migration, homeland and identity for both traditionally … An introduction to the concept of diaspora which provides the basic building blocks of comparative and theoretical analysis. It explores the relationship between migration, homeland and identity for both traditionally recognized and newer diasporas.

Acculturation Attitudes in Plural Societies

1989-04-01

John W. Berry , U. Kim , sponsor Power +2 more

Dans les sociétés culturellement diversifiés, les individus peuvent présenter des attitudes relatives à leurs relations avec les autres et les groupes. Ces attitudes (dites “attitudes d'acculturation”) sont liées à des … Dans les sociétés culturellement diversifiés, les individus peuvent présenter des attitudes relatives à leurs relations avec les autres et les groupes. Ces attitudes (dites “attitudes d'acculturation”) sont liées à des prises de position sur deux problèmes généraux posés à toute personne en acculturation: la préservation culturelle de son propre groupe et le contact avec les autres groupes. On définit les attitudes d'assimilation, d'intégration, de séparation et de marginalisation, puis on les mesure dans plusieurs groupes en acculturation d'Australie et du Canada (les indigènes, les immigrants et les groupes ethniques implantés). On donne la validité et la fidélité des échelles d'attitude, puis on analyse les relations des échelles entre elles par rapport aux deux problèmes sous‐jacents que sont la préservation et le contact. Enfin, quelques‐unes des applications pratiques des attitudes d'acculturation sont envisagées.

The study of transnationalism: pitfalls and promise of an emergent research field

1999-01-01

Alejandro Portes , Luis Eduardo Guarnizo , Patricia Landolt

This introductory article defines the concept of transnationalism, provides a typology of this heterogeneous set of activities, and reviews some of the pitfalls in establishing and validating the topic as … This introductory article defines the concept of transnationalism, provides a typology of this heterogeneous set of activities, and reviews some of the pitfalls in establishing and validating the topic as a novel research field. A set of guidelines to orient research in this field is presented and justified. Instances of immigrant political and economic transnationalism have existed in the past. We review some of the most prominent examples, but point to the distinct features that make the contemporary emergence of these activities across multiple national borders worthy of attention. The contents of this Special Issue and their bearing on the present understanding of this phenomenon and its practical implications are summarized.

Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return

1991-03-01

William Safran

Diasporas in Modem Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return William Safran University of Colorado, Boulder 1. Minorities, Aliens, and Diasporas: The Conceptual Problem In most scholarly discussions of ethnic communities, … Diasporas in Modem Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return William Safran University of Colorado, Boulder 1. Minorities, Aliens, and Diasporas: The Conceptual Problem In most scholarly discussions of ethnic communities, immigrants, and aliens, and in most treatments of relationships between minorities and majorities, little if any attention has been devoted to diasporas. In the most widely read books on nationalism and ethnonationalism,1 the phenomenon is not considered worthy ofdiscussion, let alone index entries. This omission is not surprising, for through the ages, the Diaspora had a very specific meaning: the exile of the Jews from their historic homeland and their dispersion throughout many lands, signifying as well the oppression and moral degradation implied by that dispersion. But a unique phenomenon is not very useful for social scientists attempting to make generalizations. Today, "diaspora" and, more specifically, "diaspora community" seem increasingly to be used as metaphoric designations for several categories of people— expatriates, expellees, political refugees, alien residents, immigrants, and ethnic and racial minorities tout court—in much the same way that "ghetto " has come to designate all kinds of crowded, constricted, and disprivileged urban environments, and "holocaust" has come to be applied to all kinds of mass murder. Basing their studies on a fairly broad working definition of diaspora such as that of Walker Connor, "that segment of a people living outside the homeland" (16), scholars have applied the term to Cubans and Mexicans in the United States, Pakistanis in Britain, Maghrebis in France, Turks in Germany, Chinese communities in Southeast Asia, Greek and Polish minorities , Palestinian Arabs, blacks in North America and the Caribbean, Indians and Armenians in various countries, Corsicans in Marseilles, and even Flemish-speaking Belgians living in communal enclaves in Wallonia. Lest the term lose all meaning, I suggest that Connor's definition be extended and that the concept of diaspora be applied to expatriate minority communities whose members share several ofthe following characteristics: 1) they, or their ancestors, have been dispersed from a specific original "center" to two or more "peripheral," or foreign, regions; 2) they retain a collective memory, vision, or myth about their original homeland—its physical location , history, and achievements; 3) they believe that they are not—and perhaps cannot be—fully accepted by their host society and therefore feel partly alienated and insulated from it; 4) they regard their ancestral homeland as their true, ideal home and as the place to which they or their descendants would (or should) eventually return—when conditions are ap- Diaspora Spring 1991 propriate; 5) they believe that they should, collectively, be committed to the maintenance or restoration of their original homeland and to its safety and prosperity; and 6) they continue to relate, personally or vicariously, to that homeland in one way or another, and their ethnocommunal consciousness and solidarity are importantly defined by the existence of such a relationship . In terms ofthat definition, we may legitimately speak ofthe Armenian , Maghrebi, Turkish, Palestinian, Cuban, Greek, and perhaps Chinese diasporas at present and ofthe Polish diaspora ofthe past, although none of them fully conforms to the "ideal type" of the Jewish Diaspora. 2. Diasporas in Comparison The Armenian diaspora condition resembles that of the Jews most closely . Armenian ethnicity and the solidarity of the Armenian community are based on a common religion and language, a collective memory of national independence in a circumscribed territory, and a remembrance of betrayal, persecution, and genocide. Like the majority ofJews, most Armenians live outside the ancestral homeland and have developed several external centers of religion and culture. Like Jews, Armenians have performed a middleman function in the host societies among which they lived; they have been high achievers, have been prominent in trade and commerce, and have made contributions to the science, culture, and modernization of the host society. They have had a clear orientation toward their community but have not chosen to live in ghettos. The fostering of the Armenian language has been important, but this has not prevented Armenians from being fully immersed in the language and culture of the host society. The church has played an important role in maintaining Armenian ethnicity, although there are two competing administrative centers of the Armenian church (with different degrees...

Birds of Passage: Migrant Labor and Industrial Societies.

1981-09-01

William Alonso , Michael J. Piore

1. Introduction 2. The jobs 3. The migrants 4. Particular characteristics of the migrant labour market 5. The impact of migration on the place of origin 6. The historical evolution … 1. Introduction 2. The jobs 3. The migrants 4. Particular characteristics of the migrant labour market 5. The impact of migration on the place of origin 6. The historical evolution of long-distance migration in the United States 7. The dilemmas of current U.S. immigration policy.

The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans.

1963-06-01

Sally M. Miller , Herbert J. Gans , Erich Lindemann

Modernity and Ambivalence

1990-06-01

Zygmunt Bauman

Introduction. 1. The Scandal of Ambivalence. 2. Social Construction of Ambivalence. 3. Self--Construction of Ambivalence. 4. A Case Study in the Sociology of Assimilation (I):. Trapped in Ambivalence. 5. A … Introduction. 1. The Scandal of Ambivalence. 2. Social Construction of Ambivalence. 3. Self--Construction of Ambivalence. 4. A Case Study in the Sociology of Assimilation (I):. Trapped in Ambivalence. 5. A Case Study in the Sociology of Assimilation (II):. Revenge of Ambivalence. 6. Privatization of Ambivalence. 7. Postmodernity, or Living with Ambivalence.

The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations

1979-01-01

Gaddis Smith , Christopher Lasch

book quickly became a bestseller. This edition includes a new afterword, The Culture of Narcissism Revisited. book quickly became a bestseller. This edition includes a new afterword, The Culture of Narcissism Revisited.

Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies, and Recent Research on the New Second Generation

1997-12-01

Min Zhou

"The segmented assimilation theory offers a theoretical framework for understanding the process by which the new second generation--the children of contemporary immigrants--becomes incorporated into the system of stratification in the … "The segmented assimilation theory offers a theoretical framework for understanding the process by which the new second generation--the children of contemporary immigrants--becomes incorporated into the system of stratification in the host society and the different outcomes of this process. This article examines the issues and controversies surrounding the development of the segmented assimilation theory and reviews the state of recent empirical research relevant to this theoretical approach. It also highlights main conclusions from recent research that bear on this theory and their implications for future studies." The geographical focus is on the United States.

Transnationalism from Below

1999-01-01

Eric Hershberg

Journal Article Transnationalism from Below Get access Transnationalism from Below by Michael P. Smith and Luis E. Guarnizo. Piscataway, NJ, Transaction Publishers, 1998. 316 pp. Paper, $29.95. Eric Hershberg Eric … Journal Article Transnationalism from Below Get access Transnationalism from Below by Michael P. Smith and Luis E. Guarnizo. Piscataway, NJ, Transaction Publishers, 1998. 316 pp. Paper, $29.95. Eric Hershberg Eric Hershberg Social Science Research Council Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, Volume 114, Issue 2, Summer 1999, Pages 355–356, https://doi.org/10.2307/2657778 Published: 15 February 2013

Servants of Globalization: Women, Migration, and Domestic Work

2002-07-01

Ernestine Avila , Rhacel Salazar Parreñas

Introduction: migrant Filipina domestic workers in Rome and Los Angeles 1. The dislocations of migrant Filipina domestic workers 2. The Philippines and the outflow of labor 3. The international division … Introduction: migrant Filipina domestic workers in Rome and Los Angeles 1. The dislocations of migrant Filipina domestic workers 2. The Philippines and the outflow of labor 3. The international division of reproductive labor 4. The transnational family: a postindustrial household structure with preindustrial values 5. Intergenerational and gender relations in transnational families 6. Contradictory class mobility: the politics of domestic work in globalization 7. The dislocation of nonbelonging: domestic workers in the Filipina migrant communities of Rome and Los Angeles Conclusion: servants of globalization: different settings, parallel lives Appendix A. Characteristics of the samples Appendix B. Tables Notes bibliography Index.

The Transnational Villagers

2001-12-01

Helen Rose Ebaugh , Peggy Levitt

Culture, Power, Place

1997-07-03

Akhil Gupta , James Ferguson

Acknowledgments vii Culture, Power, Place: Ethnography at the End of an Era / Akhil Gupta and James Ferguson 1 Part I: Space, Culture, Identity Beyond Culture: Space, Identity, and the … Acknowledgments vii Culture, Power, Place: Ethnography at the End of an Era / Akhil Gupta and James Ferguson 1 Part I: Space, Culture, Identity Beyond Culture: Space, Identity, and the Politics of Difference / Akhil Gupta and James Ferguson 33 National Geographic: The Rooting of Peoples and the Territorialization of National Identity among Scholars and Refugees / Liisa H. Malkki 52 Seeing Bifocally: Media, Place, Culture / John Durham Peters 75 State, Territory, and National Identity Formation in the Two Berlins, 1945-1995 / John Borneman 93 Finding One's Own Place: Asian Landscapes Re-visioned in Rural California / Karen Leonard 118 The Country and the City on the Copperbelt / James Ferguson 137 Rethinking Modernity: Space and Factory Discipline in China / Lisa Rofel 155 The Song of the Nonaligned World: Transnational Identities and the Reinscription of Space in Late Capitalism / Akhil Gupta 179 Part II: Culture, Power, Resistance Exile to Compatriot: Transformations in the Social Identity of Palestinian Refugees in the West Bank / George E. Bisharat 203 Third-Worlding at Home / Kristin Koptiuch 234 The Demonic Place of the Not There: Trademark Rumors in the Postindustrial Imaginary / Rosemary J. Coombe 249 Bombs, Bikinis, and the Popes of Rock 'n' Roll: Reflections on Resistance, the Play of Subordinations, and Liberalism in Andalusia and Academia, 1983-1995 / Richard Maddox 277 The Remaking of an Andalusian Pilgrimage Tradition: Debates Regarding Visual (Re)presentation and the Meanings of Locality in a Global Era / Mary M. Crain 291 Works Cited 313 Index 347 Contributors 359

The Racial Triangulation of Asian Americans

1999-03-01

Claire Jean Kim

Immigrant America: a portrait

1997-06-01

Alejandro Portes , Rubén G. Rumbaut

l. Introduction: Who They Are and Why They Come The Origins of Immigration Immigrants and Their Types Overview 2. Moving: Patterns of Immigrant Settlement and Spatial Mobility The Pioneers Following … l. Introduction: Who They Are and Why They Come The Origins of Immigration Immigrants and Their Types Overview 2. Moving: Patterns of Immigrant Settlement and Spatial Mobility The Pioneers Following in the Footsteps Contemporary Settlement Patterns: A Map of Immigrant America Preferred Places Persistent Ethnicity Conclusion: The Pros and Cons of Spatial Concentration 3. Making It in America: Occupational and Economic Adaptation mmigrants in the American Economy Explaining the Differences: Modes of IncorporationContexts of Reception 4. From Immigrants to Ethnics: Identity, Citizenship, and Political Participation Immigrant Politics at the Turn of the Century Immigrant Politics Today The Future of Immigrant Politics Conclusion 5. A Foreign World: Immigration, Mental Health, and Acculturation Marginality and Freedom Early Psychopathology: The Eugenics Approach to Mental Illness From Nationality to Class and Context: The Changed Etiology of Mental Illness Immigrants and Refugees: Contemporary Trends Contexts of Incorporation: Mental Health and Help Seeking Acculturation and Its Consequences Conclusion: The Major Determinants of Immigrant Psychology 6. Learning the Ropes: Language and the Second Generation Patterns of English Language Acquisition in the United States Language Diversity and Resilience in the United States Today Assimilation and Linguistic Pluralism in America Conclusion 7. Conclusion: The Undocumented, Immigration Policy, and the Future Determinants of Unauthorized Immigration: The Push-Pull ModelL An Alternative Approach (I): The Macrostructures of Labor Migration An Alternative Approach (II): The Microstructures of Labor Migration Determinants of Unauthorized Immigration: A Summary Immigration Types and the Law Conclusion

Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion and National Origins

1964-01-01

Andrew M. Greeley , Milton M. Gordon

The first full-scale sociological survey of the assimilation of minorities in America, this classic work presents significant conclusions about the problems of prejudice and discrimination in America and offers positive … The first full-scale sociological survey of the assimilation of minorities in America, this classic work presents significant conclusions about the problems of prejudice and discrimination in America and offers positive suggestions for the achievement of a healthy balance among societal, subgroup, and individual needs.

The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: A Multilevel Process Theory

2008-01-01

Andreas Wimmer

Primordialist and constructivist authors have debated the nature of ethnicity "as such" and therefore failed to explain why its characteristics vary so dramatically across cases, displaying different degrees of social … Primordialist and constructivist authors have debated the nature of ethnicity "as such" and therefore failed to explain why its characteristics vary so dramatically across cases, displaying different degrees of social closure, political salience, cultural distinctiveness, and historical stability. The author introduces a multilevel process theory to understand how these characteristics are generated and transformed over time. The theory assumes that ethnic boundaries are the outcome of the classificatory struggles and negotiations between actors situated in a social field. Three characteristics of a field—the institutional order, distribution of power, and political networks—determine which actors will adopt which strategy of ethnic boundary making. The author then discusses the conditions under which these negotiations will lead to a shared understanding of the location and meaning of boundaries. The nature of this consensus explains the particular characteristics of an ethnic boundary. A final section identifies endogenous and exogenous mechanisms of change.

Return to Aztlan: The Social Process of International Migration from Western Mexico.

1989-01-01

Robert L. Bach , Douglas S. Massey , Rafael Alarcón +2 more

This book examines Mexican migration to the US. Chapter 1 introduces the study. Chapter 2 presents the rationale for the ethnographic survey and chapter 3 undertakes a comparative demographic social … This book examines Mexican migration to the US. Chapter 1 introduces the study. Chapter 2 presents the rationale for the ethnographic survey and chapter 3 undertakes a comparative demographic social and economic profile of the 4 sample communities--2 rural and 2 urban Mexican communities. Interviews took place in 1982-1983. Chapter 4 examines the historical origins of US migration within each of the 4 communities under study explaining how and why migration grew from very modest beginnings to become the mass phenomenon it is today. Chapter 5 contains a detailed analysis of current migration patterns within each sample community. Chapter 6 shows how migrants social networks develop and grow over time and how they gradually support migration on a continuously widening scale. Chapter 7 analyzes the role that US migration plays in the household economy studying how it is manipulated as part of a larger strategy of survival. Chapter 8 considers the impact of US migration on the socioeconomic organization of Mexican communities. Chapter 9 shifts attention north of the border to analyze the process of US settlement in some detail. Finally chapter 10 summarizes the insights of the prior chapters by estimating 4 statistical models that measure how different factors determine key events in the migrant career. Chapter 11 briefly capitulates the findings and makes some concluding remarks.

“I'M HERE, BUT I'M THERE”

1997-10-01

Pierrette Hondagneu‐Sotelo , Ernestine Avila

Latina immigrant women who work as nannies or housekeepers and reside in Los Angeles while their children remain in their countries of origin constitute one variation in the organizational arrangements … Latina immigrant women who work as nannies or housekeepers and reside in Los Angeles while their children remain in their countries of origin constitute one variation in the organizational arrangements of motherhood. The authors call this arrangement “transnational motherhood.” On the basis of a survey, in-depth interviews, and ethnographic materials gathered in Los Angeles, they examine how Latina immigrant domestic workers transform the meanings of motherhood to accommodate these spatial and temporal separations. The article examines the emergent meanings of motherhood and alternative child-rearing arrangements. It also discusses how the women view motherhood in relation to their employment, as well as their strategies for selectively developing emotional ties with their employers' children and for creating new rhetorics of mothering standards on the basis of what they view in their employers' homes.

The New Second Generation: Segmented Assimilation and its Variants

1993-11-01

Alejandro Portes , Min Zhou

Post-1965 immigration to the United States has given rise to a vigorous literature focused on adult newcomers. There is, however, a growing new second generation whose prospects of adaptation cannot … Post-1965 immigration to the United States has given rise to a vigorous literature focused on adult newcomers. There is, however, a growing new second generation whose prospects of adaptation cannot be gleaned from the experience of their parents or from that of children of European immigrants arriving at the turn of the century. We present data on the contemporary second generation and review the challenges that it confronts in seeking adaptation to American society. The concept of segmented assimilation is introduced to describe the diverse possible outcomes of this process of adaptation. The concept of modes of incorporation is used for developing a typology of vulnerability and resources affecting such outcomes. Empirical case studies illustrate the theory and highlight consequences of the different contextual situations facing today's second generation.

Immigrant Enclaves: An Analysis of the Labor Market Experiences of Cubans in Miami

1980-09-01

Kenneth Wilson , Alejandro Portes

Data from a longitudinal sample of Cuban emigres are used to test competing hypotheses about the mode of incorporation of new immigrants into the U.S. labor market. Classic theories of … Data from a longitudinal sample of Cuban emigres are used to test competing hypotheses about the mode of incorporation of new immigrants into the U.S. labor market. Classic theories of assimilation assumed a unified economy in which immigrants started at the bottom and gradually moved up occupationally, while they gained social acceptance. Recent dual labor market theories define new immigrants mainly as additions to the secondary labor market linked with small peripheral firms. Multivariate analyses confirm the existence of the primary/secondary dichotomy but add to it a third alternative condition. This is the enclave economy associated with immigrant-owned firms. While most immigrant enterprises are samll, competitive ones, enclave workers show distinct characteristics, including a significant return to past human capital investments. Such a return is absent among immigrant workers in the secondary labor market. Causes and implications of these findings are discussed.

Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship

1990-08-01

Howard E. Aldrich , Roger Waldinger

We examine various approaches to explaining ethnic enterprise, using a framework based on three dimensions: an ethnic group's access to opportunities, the characteristics of a group, and emergent strategies. A … We examine various approaches to explaining ethnic enterprise, using a framework based on three dimensions: an ethnic group's access to opportunities, the characteristics of a group, and emergent strategies. A common theme pervades research on ethnic business: Ethnic groups adapt to the resources made available by their environments, which vary substantially across societies and over time. Four issues emerge as requiring greater attention: the reciprocal relation between ethnicity and entrepreneurship, more careful use of ethnic labels and categories in research, a need for more multigroup, comparative research, and more process-oriented research designs.

The Local and the Global: The Anthropology of Globalization and Transnationalism

1995-10-01

Michael Kearney

This review examines current anthropological literature concerned with migration and other forms of population movement, and with the movement of information, symbols, capital, and commodities in global and transnational spaces. … This review examines current anthropological literature concerned with migration and other forms of population movement, and with the movement of information, symbols, capital, and commodities in global and transnational spaces. Special attention is given to the significance of contemporary increases in the volume and velocity of such flows for the dynamics of communities and for the identity of their members. Also examined are innovations in anthropological theory and forms of representation that are responses to such nonlocal contexts and influences.

Globalization and Its Discontents: Essays on the New Mobility of People and Money.

1999-03-01

Robert K. Schaeffer , Saskia Sassen

The Making of the English Working Class

1968-01-01

Humphrey McQueen , E. P. Thompson

Assimilation in American Life.

1964-01-01

Silvano M. Tomasi , Milton M. Gordon

The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations

1981-01-01

John O. King , Christopher Lasch

Some Empirical Aspects of Entrepreneurship

1989-01-01

David S. Evans , Linda S. Leighton

About 4.2 million men and women operate businesses on a full-time basis. Comprising more than a tenth of all workers, they run most of our nation’s firms and employ about … About 4.2 million men and women operate businesses on a full-time basis. Comprising more than a tenth of all workers, they run most of our nation’s firms and employ about a tenth of all wage workers. The fraction of the labor force that is self-employed has increased since the mid-1970s after a long period of decline.1 This paper examines the process of selection into self-employment over the life cycle and the determinants of self-employment earnings using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Men (NLS) for 1966–1981 and the Current Population Surveys for 1968–1987.

Remaking the American Mainstream

2015-06-16

Richard Alba , Victor Nee

In this age of multicultural democracy, the idea of assimilation--that the social distance separating immigrants and their children from the mainstream of American society closes over time--seems outdated and, in … In this age of multicultural democracy, the idea of assimilation--that the social distance separating immigrants and their children from the mainstream of American society closes over time--seems outdated and, in some forms, even offensive. But as Richard Alba and Victor Nee show in the first systematic treatment of assimilation since the mid-1960s, it continues to shape the immigrant experience, even though the geography of immigration has shifted from Europe to Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Institutional changes, from civil rights legislation to immigration law, have provided a more favorable environment for nonwhite immigrants and their children than in the past. Assimilation is still driven, in claim, by the decisions of immigrants and the second generation to improve their social and material circumstances in America. But they also show that immigrants, historically and today, have profoundly changed our mainstream society and culture in the process of becoming Americans. Surveying a variety of domains--language, socioeconomic attachments, residential patterns, and intermarriage--they demonstrate the continuing importance of assimilation in American life. And they predict that it will blur the boundaries among the major, racially defined populations, as nonwhites and Hispanics are increasingly incorporated into the mainstream. Table of Contents: Preface 1. Rethinking Assimilation 2. Assimilation Theory, New and Old 3. Assimilation in Practice: The Europeans and East Asians 4. Was Assimilation Contingent on Specific Historical Conditions? 5. The Background to Contemporary Immigration 6. Evidence of Contemporary Assimilation 7. Conclusion: Remaking the Mainstream Notes Index Reviews of this book: Sociologists Alba and Nee provide a superb, comprehensive analysis of theory, data, and history to revise past and contemporary understandings of immigration and assimilation in the U.S. Their goal is to respond to skeptics' pessimism about new immigrants' assimilability, question misconception about the assimilation experiences of previous and current immigrant groups, reject normative baggage attached to notions of assimilation, and answer the question, 'What can assimilation look like in such a diverse and ethnically dynamic society?' --S. M. Green, Choice Alba and Nee have written a carefully theorized, thoughtfully argued, and empirically well-grounded book. They demonstrate persuasively that the so-called "new" immigration is not terribly different from previous ones, and that most of the descendants of today's Hispanic, Asian, and other newcomers are assimilating in much the same way as the children and grandchildren of the European immigration. Their contribution to our understanding of immigration, ethnicity and race should be read far beyond the worlds of social science scholarship. --Herbert J. Gans, Author of Democracy and the News Assimilation is dead, long live assimilation! Alba and Nee are fully aware of the flaws and biases in the old model of the "melting pot," but they rehabilitate it with elegant theory, persuasive facts, and careful attention to its continued racial and class-based failings. The idea of assimilation may be unfashionable, but it has the singular virtue of fitting the case--for many Americans, at any rate--more than other trendier theories do. Remaking the American Mainstream shows us how, why, and to what end. --Jennifer L. Hochschild, co-Author, The American Dream and the Public Schools Alba and Nee have accomplished a tour de force . They have an important story to tell and they've told it with great verve and skill, using prose that will allow this book to be widely read. Remaking the American Mainstream is an outstanding work that is truly worthy of the important topic it addresses. --Roger Waldinger, author of Still the Promised City?: African-Americans and New Immigrants in Postindustrial New York No phenomenon is more central to the future shape of American life than assimilation - its contested meanings, the demand for it by established Americans, the powerful but mixed incentives for it by immigrants, its social history, and its future trajectory. Alba and Nee elucidate these crucial questions and supply provocative answers. Their book is a valuable Baedeker for anyone who visits the subject. --Peter Schuck, author of Diversity in America: Keeping Government at a Safe Distance

The Transnational Villagers

2001-12-31

Peggy Levitt

Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society.

1960-04-01

Kurt B. Mayer , Ralf Dahrendorf

In the middle of the twentieth century, the sociologist finds himself in an awkward position.While he is just beginning to lay and secure the foundations of his discipline, an impatient … In the middle of the twentieth century, the sociologist finds himself in an awkward position.While he is just beginning to lay and secure the foundations of his discipline, an impatient public demands with increasing urgency both immediately applicable and comprehen- sive solutions from him.Following almost every sociological confer- ence, confident journalists charge sociologists with being either igno- rant of practical problems or incapable of solving them.Like an angry creditor, the public pursues the sociologist's every move in order to lay its hands on every penny he may produce.Is it surprising that under these conditions many a sociologist has begun to forge currency.? The public deserves no better j but unfortunately the false currency, Preface to the First (German) Edition Generalizing theoretical formulation and its empirical test are balanced in the present investigation.With R. K. Merton I regard "theories of the middle range" as the immediate task of sociological research: generalizations that are inspired by or oriented towards concrete observations.However, the exposition of the theory of social classes and class conflict stands in the center of this investiga- tion.The resume of Marx's theory of class, the largely descriptive account of some historical changes of the past century, and the criti- cal examination of some earlier theories of class, including that of Marx, lead up to the central theoretical chapters j with the analysis of post-capitalist society in terms of class theory a first empirical test of my theoretical position is intended.The whole investigation re- mains in the "middle range" also in that it is, as its title indicates, confined to industrial society.Many suggestions and stimulations which have gone into the present study originated in discussions in a small informal group of younger sociologists from diverse countries at the London School of Economics in the years 1952-54.This group, which called itself the "Thursday Evening Seminar," although it often continued its dis- cussions until Friday morning and met on other days as well, not only occupied itself with many of the specific questions of this study -such as Marx, Parsons, the whole problem of interest groups but displayed a conception of sociology and its task which I hope to have upheld throughout this study.Within the "Thursday Evening Seminar" and since, the stimulation of numerous conversations with Dr. D. Lockwood, Lecturer in Sociology at the London School of Economics, has, above all, furthered the progress of my own investigation into class theory.In the hope that the provisional result of these investigations may provide a useful basis for critical dis- cussion I dedicate this study to David Lockwood and with him to our common friends of the London years. R.D.Scheint (Saar) S-pring igs7 the work of revision would reveal that in the years since this book was originally written my interest has shifted from problems of industry to those of politics.Most of the additions and changes in the present edition have been stimulated by the desire to render con- flict theory applicable to the analysis of the political process both in totalitarian and in free societies of the present.A number of

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Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration

1997-12-01

Richard Alba , Victor Nee

Assimilation theory has been subject to intensive critique for decades. Yet no other framework has provided the social science community with as deep a corpus of cumulative findings concerning the … Assimilation theory has been subject to intensive critique for decades. Yet no other framework has provided the social science community with as deep a corpus of cumulative findings concerning the incorporation of immigrants and their descendants. We argue that assimilation theory has not lost its utility for the study of contemporary immigration to the United States. In making our case, we review critically the canonical account of assimilation provided by Milton Gordon and others; we refer to Shibutani and Kwan's theory of ethnic stratification to suggest some directions to take in reformulating assimilation theory. We also examine some of the arguments frequently made to distinguish between the earlier mass immigration of Europeans and the immigration of the contemporary era and find them to be inconclusive. Finally, we sift through some of the evidence about the socioeconomic and residential assimilation of recent immigrant groups. Though the record is clearly mixed, we find evidence consistent with the view that assimilation is taking place, albeit unevenly.

Ethnic options: choosing identities in America

1991-02-01

Mary C. Waters

In this perceptive and revealing study, Mary Waters explores the 'reinvention' of ethnicity in the lives of the grandchildren and great grandchildren of European immigrants, asking how their ethnic heritage … In this perceptive and revealing study, Mary Waters explores the 'reinvention' of ethnicity in the lives of the grandchildren and great grandchildren of European immigrants, asking how their ethnic heritage is lived, maintained, and celebrated. Through in-depth interviews with sixty third and fourth generation white ethnics in suburban California and Pennsylvania, the author discovers a surprisingly resilient sense of ethnicity among people who could reasonably label themselves simply 'American'. Mary Waters' research brings to light a fascinating history of American immigration, revealing aspects of a shared culture and ideology and the unique ways in which ethnic identities fulfill very American needs. Describing the 'symbolic ethnicity' of later generation white ethnics as a quintessential American phenomenon, she argues that ethnicity has retained its importance in our lives precisely because it allows people to reconcile the contradictory American values of choice, individuality, and community. In addition to her exploration of the symbolic ethnicity of later generation middle-class whites, Mary Waters addresses its cost to society, contrasting it with the optionless ethnicity of non-white Americans. Her conclusions in Ethnic Options constitute an invaluable contribution to our understanding of contemporary American life.

The Making of the English Working Class

1964-10-01

Bernard Semmel , E. P. Thompson

Social capital, digital economy and the entrepreneurship of the new generation of migrant youth: Empirical analysis based on CMDS data

2025-06-25

Jinmei Wang , Xiangshu Dong , Jie Yang | PLoS ONE

In the era of digital economy, the form of digital production promotes the transformation of enterprise organization and business operation mechanism. It also affects the development of regional entrepreneurship and … In the era of digital economy, the form of digital production promotes the transformation of enterprise organization and business operation mechanism. It also affects the development of regional entrepreneurship and the choice of individual entrepreneurship. Youth is the future of the country and the hope of the nation, and youth employment is related to people’s well-being, economic development and the future of the country. From the perspective of social capital, this paper examines the entrepreneurship of the new generation of migrant youth by using the dynamic monitoring data of the floating population in 2018(CMDS). The empirical results show that the improvement of social capital can significantly promote the entrepreneurship of the new generation of migrant youth; From the perspective of social capital, social network, social trust and social status promote entrepreneurship significantly. However, the role of social participation is not obvious. From the perspective of different types of entrepreneurship, compared with survival entrepreneurship, social capital has a more significant impact on opportunity entrepreneurship. Heterogeneity analysis found that, Social capital has a significant impact on opportunistic entrepreneurship of groups with higher education level, higher family income and modern service industry; In the central cities and coastal areas, social capital can promote the opportunity entrepreneurship of the new generation of migrant youth. Expansion analysis further found that the digital economy can significantly promote the entrepreneurial effect of social capital.

Diaspora-Led Development

2025-06-25

Shonali Banerjee , Anne‐Meike Fechter , Thabani Mutambasere | Bristol University Press eBooks

Entrepreneurship and local citizenship identification among migrants: Evidence from China

2025-06-24

Mingzhi Hu , Jun Xie , Zisheng Song | Cities

African Immigrants’ Employment Experiences and Outcomes in Australia: Race, Immigration and Labour Market

2025-06-24

Hyacinth Udah | Journal of Intercultural Studies

Building Bridges: Networks and Support Systems for Rural Women Entrepreneurs

2025-06-24

Pallavi Jaggi Aarti Devi | European Economic Letters (EEL)

Women constitute around 50% of the total world’s population. Approximately 1.3 billion people around the world are living in extreme poverty, and 70% of them are women. Because of this … Women constitute around 50% of the total world’s population. Approximately 1.3 billion people around the world are living in extreme poverty, and 70% of them are women. Because of this large gender gap, developing countries are constantly working to support and improve the lives of women. Further there is significant differences between men and women in many areas, such as jobs, income, education, access to resources, leadership roles, political representation, making decisions at home, freedom to move, and the ability to stand up for their rights. In order to achieve gender equality and women's empowerment as well as equitable and sustainable economic growth and development, women must have equal access to and control over economic and financial resources. Women are vital to the growth and development of every economy. Therefore, empowering women is crucial for economic development. Employment is the key source of income that provide economic empowerment to individuals. The first step towards empowerment, regardless of gender, is to work for a living. Women's status is closely linked to their financial circumstances, which are influenced by their ability to engage in economic activities (Biswas & Banu, 2023).

From abroad to home: unveiling the surge in chinese domestic travel through the lens of affective economies

2025-06-23

Ke Li , Z. Chen | Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change

How Do They Stereotype Us? An Analysis of the Perceived Stereotypes of Chinese in Spain and Its Impact on Intergroup Relations

2025-06-23

Zigang Wang , Liang Fangjun , Feng Zhou +1 more | International Migration

ABSTRACT As the largest Asian immigrant group in Spain, the Chinese community has emerged as an essential part of the nation's social fabric. Despite the flourishing research on stereotypes about … ABSTRACT As the largest Asian immigrant group in Spain, the Chinese community has emerged as an essential part of the nation's social fabric. Despite the flourishing research on stereotypes about the Chinese in Spanish society, the actual perceived stereotypes of the latter and their influence on intergroup relations have not been adequately addressed. This paper provides insights from the perspective of Chinese in Spain, utilising 258 questionnaires to collect and analyse the common and representative stereotypes perceived by this diaspora. Through quantitative analysis, the paper evaluates the impact of these perceived stereotypes on the Chinese community's favorability towards Spaniards, their contact experiences, and their willingness to forge closer intergroup ties. The research uncovers a diverse spectrum of stereotypes perceived by the Chinese in Spain, which are organised into five distinct dimensions. The study finds that positive stereotype perceptions significantly enhance the Chinese community's favorability towards Spaniards, improve intergroup contact experiences, and intensify their aspiration to establish intimate relationships. However, when it comes to negative perceived stereotypes, the Chinese community demonstrates a notable level of understanding and tolerance, which only negatively impacts their intergroup contact experiences with Spaniards. This finding reveales the complexity of the perceived stereotypes by Chinese in Spain and their role in dynamic intergroup relationships, providing insights for further understanding this ethnic group and promoting their social integration.

Do migrants steal jobs in developing economies? A research on artisan entrepreneurs in Ghana

2025-06-23

Justice Boateng Dankwah , Bylon Abeeku Bamfo | Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development

Purpose This study investigates and compares the entrepreneurial activities of native and transnational migrant artisan entrepreneurs in Ghana, aiming to determine if migrant artisans displace job opportunities for their Ghanaian … Purpose This study investigates and compares the entrepreneurial activities of native and transnational migrant artisan entrepreneurs in Ghana, aiming to determine if migrant artisans displace job opportunities for their Ghanaian counterparts. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative approach and drawing on phenomenology, the study explores the experiences of both groups through face-to-face interviews with 20 native and 12 migrant artisan entrepreneurs. Findings The findings reveal that transnational migrant artisans exhibit remarkable attributes such as grit, entrepreneurial alertness, innovation, customer centricity and effective networking. In contrast, their native counterparts tend to display a less customer-centric focus and a less aggressive entrepreneurial approach. Practical implications The study enriches our understanding of entrepreneurial dynamics within this sub-sector and serves as a foundation for future research on informal entrepreneurship, migration and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners (Artisans) and researchers aiming to foster inclusive and sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems in Ghana. Originality/value The study contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by offering a comparative analysis of native and migrant artisan entrepreneurship, addressing job displacement concerns and providing insights into the dynamics of the Ghanaian artisan sub-sector.

Liquid Racism and Brexit

2025-06-23

Nathan Kerrigan , Damian Breen , Yusef Bakkali | Bristol University Press eBooks

Sama Holistic Skincare: a woman entrepreneur’s journey in a home-based business

2025-06-23

Ebrahim Mazaheri , Gina Grandy | The CASE Journal

Research methodology The information in the case study is based primarily from several interviews in 2023 with the case protagonist Samaneh Abidi, founder of Sama Holistic Care. The first author … Research methodology The information in the case study is based primarily from several interviews in 2023 with the case protagonist Samaneh Abidi, founder of Sama Holistic Care. The first author became aware of Abidi’s business through a client known to the first author, that client introduced the first author to Abidi. The case study is not disguised, and the real name of the business owner is used in the case study. Case overview/synopsis Samaneh Abidi was a woman immigrant and entrepreneur in the skincare and cosmetics business. She first started a mobile aesthetics service in response to organic demand for her services triggered by her Instagram postings and clients from former positions she held in skincare and cosmetics. The small business was also started out of necessity following the closure of the clinic where she worked during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the first quarter of 2023, and she operated Sama Holistic Skincare out of a room in her home. As a relatively new Canadian from Iran, she attracted a clientele who were also of Iranian heritage and she created an experience for them which drew from her culture. While the demand for her services was organically growing, mainly because of her regular Instagram postings, appointments were sporadic, some days with eight clients or more, and other days with no clients. It was becoming harder for her to manage callbacks and scheduling appointments and it was starting to affect her well-being. Her financial resources were also limited and she was cautious when spending on promotion and advertising. Her unpredictable schedule left her on edge, unable to fully focus on her business, academic pursuits, or personal life. In the short term, Abidi needed to find a more efficient way to schedule her clients to balance demand and availability. In the long term, she aspired to grow revenues so she could pay herself a higher salary. Complexity academic level This case study is ideally suited for undergraduate courses in entrepreneurship. It would be best placed in a class designed to analyze start up and early-stage growth decisions and/or women’s entrepreneurship more broadly.

Diaspora-Led Development

2025-06-22

| Bristol University Press eBooks

Multicultural TV in Norway: The Rise and Fall of <i>Migrapolis</i> (1997–2016)

2025-06-21

Eva Bakøy | Historical Journal Of Film Radio and Television

Privilege or marginalization: how Chinese youth from divergent class backgrounds make sense of racism in the U.S. and Australia

2025-06-20

Weirong Guo , Qing Tingting Liu | Ethnic and Racial Studies

Hyperglobalization at a crossroads: revisiting research on global mobility

2025-06-20

Rosalie L. Tung , Fei Qin | Journal of International Business Studies

The invisibility of Filipino women in rural Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic

2025-06-20

Eri Ono | Asian and Pacific migration journal

This study aims to clarify the invisibility of Filipino women through their experience of changing jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on Filipino migrant women workers who had to shift … This study aims to clarify the invisibility of Filipino women through their experience of changing jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on Filipino migrant women workers who had to shift from working in nightclubs to working in food-processing factories for making lunch boxes in a rural area in Japan. Research data was collected from April 2020 to 2022. This study determines why migrant women who were engaged in essential work in rural Japan remained “invisible,” surrounded by the embedded multiple axes of invisibility both at the local and national levels.

Re-mobilizing immobilized labor: Pandemic concessions and migrant farmworkers in Japan

2025-06-19

Yuya Iida , Itaru Nagasaka | Asian and Pacific migration journal

Drawing on fieldwork in a central Japan village in 2021 and 2022, this study examines how the Japanese government’s stringent border controls from 2020 disrupted the rotational international migration system … Drawing on fieldwork in a central Japan village in 2021 and 2022, this study examines how the Japanese government’s stringent border controls from 2020 disrupted the rotational international migration system in the agricultural sector and how the government, farmers and migrant agricultural workers responded to such disruption. Introducing the concept of “pandemic concessions” as exceptional bordering practices, it examines the government’s concessionary measures to the sector. While they helped farmers secure a workforce, they seldom mitigated the immobilities of migrant agricultural workers that had been prevalent before the pandemic, and the migrants’ contribution as essential workers for food production remains invisible.

Examining the Factors Driving U.S. Immigration Choice among the Indian Diaspora: A Review

2025-06-18

R. Prasad , Guntupalli Chandra Sekhar | Asian Journal of Current Research

The past two decades (2000-2024) have witnessed a substantial increase in Indian immigration to the United States, driven by a complex interplay of economic, social, cultural, and policy factors. This … The past two decades (2000-2024) have witnessed a substantial increase in Indian immigration to the United States, driven by a complex interplay of economic, social, cultural, and policy factors. This period has seen significant changes in the global economic landscape, shifts in U.S. immigration policies, and evolving socio-cultural dynamics in both India and the United States. The main objectives of the study are to identify and analyse the key factors influencing Indian immigration to the United States, the trends and patterns of Indian immigrants to the United States over the specified period and to provide insights into the policy implications of Indian immigration to the United States, and recommend strategies for policymakers, stakeholders, and future researchers. This research examines the factors that make the United States a favoured destination for Indian immigrants, focusing on trends from 2000 to 2024. Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS), Migration Policy Institute (MPI), and other reputable sources, the study identifies key drivers, including economic opportunities, educational prospects, and family reunification policies. This study adopted purposive sampling, and MS-Excel was used in sorting, presenting and analysing the data. The findings revealed that the Indian immigrants felt California was the most favoured destination in the USA. Indian immigrants dominate the H-1B visa program (~70% of recipients in recent years), particularly in tech and healthcare. Indian students are the second-largest international student group in the U.S., contributing billions to the education sector. Indian-Americans are among the top immigrant entrepreneurs in the U.S. Moreover, Family-based green cards and dependents of skilled workers form a large part of Indian immigrant communities. While many Indian immigrants succeed socioeconomically, disparities exist (e.g., among low-wage workers or undocumented students). The findings provide valuable insights into the motivations and trends underlying Indian migration to the U.S., emphasising the role of policy frameworks, cultural appeal, and professional aspirations.

Spaces of Labor in the Social clubs of British India: Obsolescence in Denial

2025-06-18

Nisha Shanghavi | react/review a responsive journal for art and architecture

This piece will discuss obsolescence in objects, spaces, and labor practiced within spaces of luxury and exclusivity – the British clubs in India. Certain practices and rituals employing gongs, bells, … This piece will discuss obsolescence in objects, spaces, and labor practiced within spaces of luxury and exclusivity – the British clubs in India. Certain practices and rituals employing gongs, bells, and servants-in-waiting were constructed to maintain racial, and classist differences in colonial India, continue into the 21st century. This paper asks why colonial practices do not easily become obsolete?

“La tiendita de los sentimientos”: una etnografía sobre la circulación de mercancías latinoamericanas en Osorno, Chile (2020-2023)

2025-06-18

Juan Manuel Saldívar Arellano | REVISTA CUHSO

Este artículo presenta hallazgos etnográficos sobre la circulación de mercancías de origen latinoamericano que se posicionan en Osorno a partir de emprendimientos que los migrantes han instalado recientemente en diferentes … Este artículo presenta hallazgos etnográficos sobre la circulación de mercancías de origen latinoamericano que se posicionan en Osorno a partir de emprendimientos que los migrantes han instalado recientemente en diferentes áreas comerciales que reconocemos como Pymes de la nostalgia. Si bien es cierto que la circulación de estas mercancías representan un tipo de intercambios económicos en diferentes escalas globales, también se asocian con las emociones que provocan la nostalgia, es decir, el recuerdo por la tierra natal o el terruño. Los resultados muestran cómo el consumo de las mercancías es parte de un proceso transnacional que implica la adaptación de los migrantes a nuevos lugares de anclaje y que responden a una dimensión cultural de las emociones que inspiran el diseño de estrategias creativas como la acción colectiva, la formación de comunidades y la resignificación de la noción de hogar en aquellos lugares donde se encuentran instalados. Este tipo de fenómenos culturales corresponden a nuevos horizontes de investigación antropológica debido a que su espacialidad en contextos subnacionales de Chile, como es el caso de la región de Los Lagos y, específicamente de Osorno, se reconocen como escenarios de incorporación reciente en tanto sujetos, objetos y vidas en movimiento.

Racialization of Xinyimin and Their Double Lives: New Immigrant Youth in Hong Kong

2025-06-18

Yuk Wah Chan | Routledge eBooks

Crafted Identities of Korean-Vietnamese Second-Generation Returnees Living in Vietnam

2025-06-18

Hyun Mee Kim | Routledge eBooks

Multinational Migration and Post- Return Identity Negotiation: An Intersectional Study of Japanese-Pakistani Muslim Youths

2025-06-18

Masako Kudo | Routledge eBooks

Negotiating Ambivalent Identities in Geopolitical Contexts: Second-Generation Youth of Chinese Immigrant Mothers in Taiwan

2025-06-18

Pei‐Chia Lan | Routledge eBooks

Paths to Self-Employment: The Role of Childbirth Timing in Shaping Entrepreneurial Outcomes

2025-06-18

Noa Achouche , Miri Endeweld , Benjamin Bental | Social Sciences

This study investigates how the timing of self-employment relative to first childbirth shapes long-term entrepreneurial outcomes among Israeli mothers. Drawing on rich administrative panel data from the Israeli National Insurance … This study investigates how the timing of self-employment relative to first childbirth shapes long-term entrepreneurial outcomes among Israeli mothers. Drawing on rich administrative panel data from the Israeli National Insurance Institute (N = 73,141 woman-years), we follow a cohort of women who gave birth for the first time in 2010, tracking their employment trajectories over 15 years (2005–2019). Using random-effect logistic regressions, OLS models, and fixed subgroup analyses, this study compares women who entered self-employment before childbirth with those who did so afterward. The results reveal that postnatal entrants are more likely to operate smaller businesses and exit self-employment earlier, yet often earn higher income from wage employment, compared to their prenatal counterparts. By tracing these outcomes over time, this study demonstrates how key life events, such as childbirth, structure women’s employment paths and contribute to differentiated patterns of labor market participation. Situated in a context of near-universal motherhood and limited public support for working parents, the findings offer insight into the dynamic links between family formation, employment timing, and entrepreneurial sustainability. By adopting a life-course perspective, this study demonstrates how the sequencing of family and employment transitions intersect to shape access to economic resources and entrepreneurial sustainability.

Brazilian Artisanal Entrepreneurs – Challenges and Prospects for Expanding Into New Markets

2025-06-18

Luísa Campos , Steve McKenna , S. Zaung Nau | Routledge eBooks

Multi-Cultural Artisanal Entrepreneurship

2025-06-18

Pawan Kumar , Rajesh Kumar Verma , Kulvinder Kaur | Routledge eBooks

Strangers in the Southland - Jennifer E. Brooks Resident Strangers: Immigrant Laborers in New South Alabama. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2022. xii + 270 pp. $45.00 (cloth), ISBN 9780807176658.

2025-06-17

Evan Daniel | The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era

Liquid Racism and Brexit

2025-06-17

| Bristol University Press eBooks

Founder Mode Unleashed Minority Resistance to Gatekeeping and Disrupting the Nonprofit Industrial Complex

2025-06-17

Yong-Mei Zhu | The Proceedings of the World Conference on Social Sciences Studies.

The nonprofit industrial complex (NPIC) has often been criticized for sustaining systemic inequities, particularly within minority-led organizations, by perpetuating power imbalances and funding dependencies that hinder mission-focused innovation. This paper … The nonprofit industrial complex (NPIC) has often been criticized for sustaining systemic inequities, particularly within minority-led organizations, by perpetuating power imbalances and funding dependencies that hinder mission-focused innovation. This paper introduces Founder Mode, an alternative framework designed for minority social entrepreneurs to navigate and disrupt the limitations imposed by the NPIC. Founder Mode emphasizes three core elements: mission-driven autonomy, resourcefulness and innovation, and community-centered impact. By operating without reliance on traditional funding streams, minority-led nonprofits can achieve sustainable social impact while remaining aligned with their core values and community needs. This study employs a qualitative case study approach, incorporating autoethnographic reflection, document analysis, and user feedback from For A Safer Space (FASS) to examine the application and impact of Founder Mode. Thematic analysis is used to identify key patterns related to nonprofit sustainability and mission-driven leadership. This case study of FASS demonstrates how Founder Mode enables self-sustaining, adaptable nonprofit models that prioritize community well-being over external funder expectations. The study proposes Founder Mode as a viable pathway to reframe nonprofit sustainability, offering minority founders a mission-first, founder-driven approach that challenges conventional funding dependencies and inspires systemic change in the nonprofit sector.

Transnational Global Cities

2025-06-16

Nigel C. Lewis | Routledge eBooks

Speaking from a dissonant place: Labor, family, and knowledge production across ethnographic media

2025-06-16

Valentini Sampethai | Visual Anthropology Review

Abstract This article reflects on fieldwork, positionality, and knowledge production in the context of a long‐term study on labor and family in the Greek crisis. It reflects on dissonance as … Abstract This article reflects on fieldwork, positionality, and knowledge production in the context of a long‐term study on labor and family in the Greek crisis. It reflects on dissonance as a potent epistemological and ethnographic theme, manifest in the ways myself and close interlocutors uncomfortably occupied the relations that made us legible in the field and social life, and in my own awkward treading between day‐to‐day reality and anthropological enquiry. I analyze the shifts precipitated in my research by centering more dissonant positionalities on work, gender, and sexuality, and the conundrums of translating these into ethnographic artifacts using text and film.

La migración, la sombra que se cierne sobre la producción de café en Honduras

2025-06-16

J L Bertrand | TSN Transatlantic Studies Network

Chapter 4 – Borders, Space, and Cultures: Cultural Border Studies and the Development of ‘Bordercultures’

2025-06-15

Astrid M. Fellner | V&R unipress eBooks

Heritage Language and Identity in the Narratives of Second-Generation Indian Immigrant Children : Focusing on 『Red, White, and Whole』 and 『The Namesake』

2025-06-13

Minkyung Kim | The Jounal of Cultural Exchange

An Analysis of Microaggression Experiences among Young Overseas Koreans

2025-06-13

Kimberly Yu , Jang EunYoung | The Jounal of Cultural Exchange

Italian Migrants’ Houses in Australia: Traditions and Cultural Meanings in Home Place-making

2025-06-13

Laura Faggion , Raffaello Furlan , Michael Grosvald | Heritage & Society

The Gradual Hybridization of Belonging: A Qualitative Study of Chinese Migrants in Geneva

2025-06-13

Dandan Dong | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> This study conducts a qualitative approach to examine the everyday practices of Chinese migrants in Geneva, Switzerland, unveiling how they gradually shape a hybrid sense of belonging through the … <title>Abstract</title> This study conducts a qualitative approach to examine the everyday practices of Chinese migrants in Geneva, Switzerland, unveiling how they gradually shape a hybrid sense of belonging through the interplay of structural constraints, personal agency, and mediation by ICTs. The findings indicate that the construction of belonging among these migrants does not follow a linear path of assimilation but rather evolves through innovative uses of everyday media tactics and ICTs. Migrants tactically employ self-presentation, weave transnational information networks, construct digital communities, and engage in technological empowerment to convert gaps in the legal, social, and economic structures into spaces of flexible belonging. The research highlights the non-uniform, tactical, and open-ended nature of hybrid belonging. As this form of belonging continuously reconfigures itself, ICTs emerge as crucial mediators, and everyday practices become critical arenas that allow migrants to navigate their existence “here and there.” This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex processes that migrants navigate and broadens the conceptualization of digital diaspora and the digital transformation of social networks. It underscores the significance of hybrid belonging as an evolving, mediated, and lived experience, redefining how migrants negotiate their identities amidst the constraints and opportunities of their new environments.

On the Microeconomic Foundations of the Role of Immigration on Growth: Experimental Evidence from Galgo Credits

2025-06-13

Raimundo Undurraga , Ana María Montoya , Paul Gertler | AEA Randomized Controlled Trials

The Challenges and Experiences of Young Ethiopian Female Emigrants: A study of Returnee Domestic Workers in the Middle East at Mekaneselam Town, Amhara Region.

2025-06-13

Sindew Asmare , Yimer Gobezie | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> Migration is a global phenomenon influenced by economic, political, social, and cultural factors. This study investigates the lived experiences and challenges of young Ethiopian female domestic workers in the … <title>Abstract</title> Migration is a global phenomenon influenced by economic, political, social, and cultural factors. This study investigates the lived experiences and challenges of young Ethiopian female domestic workers in the Middle East, with a focus on returnees in Mekaneselam Town. Employing a qualitative research design, data were gathered through in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions, using snowball and purposive sampling techniques. The findings indicate that poverty, unemployment, and limited job opportunities are primary drivers of migration, alongside emotional distress and the influence of previously returned migrants. Migration occurs through both formal and informal channels; however, both documented and undocumented migrants face similar challenges, including exploitation, abuse, discrimination, and inadequate protection. Undocumented migrants, in particular, experience additional financial burdens due to debt-financed migration, as well as more severe physical and emotional hardships. Reintegration upon return is often obstructed by inadequate support from families, government agencies, NGOs, and religious institutions—largely due to poor coordination and limited resources. Both legal and illegal brokers, as well as embassies, play significant roles in enabling abuse and neglect. The study recommends coordinated efforts among stakeholders to enhance migrant protection, ensure broker accountability, and increase public awareness—particularly through media—about the risks and realities of migration. These findings underscore the urgent need for robust policy interventions to protect female migrants across all stages of the migration cycle.

Left-Wing Parties and Local Immigrant Integration Policies: The Case of South Korea

2025-06-13

Yeonkyung Jeong | Korea Observer - Institute of Korean Studies

Diaspora Cultural Diplomacy as a Transnational Behavior for Enhancing Ethnic Identity: The Korean Diaspora in the U.S. in Focus

2025-06-13

Seong-Hun Yun , Sei-Hwan Jung | Korea Observer - Institute of Korean Studies

Identity glocalization in rural peripheries

2025-06-13

Jan‐Ola Östman | Pragmatics & beyond. New series

Abstract The study argues for the importance of putting identity back as a presupposed perspective on language. The prototypical “periphery” of dialects (as against standard languages) is taken as the … Abstract The study argues for the importance of putting identity back as a presupposed perspective on language. The prototypical “periphery” of dialects (as against standard languages) is taken as the starting point from where an argument in favor of the importance of a glocal view on language and identity is advanced. This glocal perspective is illustrated through analyses of examples from the communicative practices in rural communities in Swedish-language Finland. The following set of topics are made salient in this endeavor: the regionalization of dialects, aspects of adaptation and adaptability, and the creation of new forms of language by migrants in rural villages to express their similarity with members of the traditional local population and differences from other migrants. The study focuses on the implicit in language (and how it is (ambivalently) (not) realized) in rural areas with respect to the manifoldness of identities.

Strong Asian American Families of Faith

2025-06-13

Loren D. Marks , David C. Dollahite | Routledge eBooks