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Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science

Berry genetics and cultivation research

Works Count: 33373

Description

This cluster of papers explores the genetic and environmental factors influencing berry production, with a focus on strawberries, blueberries, and blackberries. Topics include genetic mapping, fruit quality, temperature and photoperiod effects, polyploidy, high tunnel production, and nutrient uptake. The research provides insights into optimizing berry cultivation for improved yield and quality.

Keywords

Strawberry; Blueberry; Genetic Mapping; Fruit Quality; Temperature Regulation; Polyploidy; Photoperiod Effects; High Tunnel Production; Blackberry Cultivation; Nutrient Uptake

Compendium of blueberry and cranberry diseases

1995-01-01
Frank L. Caruso , D.C. Ramsdell

Molecular Techniques in Crop Improvement

2009-01-01
Sunit Jain , D. S. Brar , B. S. Ahloowalia

The Dingo: In Australia and Asia

1996-04-01
Virginia Hayssen , Laurie Corbett

Introduction to Quantitative Genetics

1961-01-01
W. P. Byrd

Environmental and genetic variation of phenolic compounds in red raspberry

2005-04-28
Mikko Anttonen , Reijo Karjalainen

Quality characteristics of strawberry genotypes at different maturation stages

2006-01-19
Ebru Kafkas , Müberra Koşar , S. Paydaş +2 more

Changes in Strawberry Anthocyanins and Other Polyphenols in Response to Carbon Dioxide Treatments

1997-05-01
María I. Gil , D.M. Holcroft , Adel A. Kader
Carbon dioxide-enriched atmospheres are used to reduce the incidence and severity of decay and to extend the postharvest life of strawberries. The influence of CO2 on the postharvest quality parameters … Carbon dioxide-enriched atmospheres are used to reduce the incidence and severity of decay and to extend the postharvest life of strawberries. The influence of CO2 on the postharvest quality parameters of strawberries, particularly the stability of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds, was investigated. Freshly harvested strawberries were placed in jars ventilated continuously with air or air enriched with 10%, 20%, or 40% CO2 at 5 °C for 10 days. Samples were taken initially, and after 5 and 10 days of storage, and color (L* a* b* color space), pH, TA, TSS, and firmness were measured. Anthocyanins and other phenolics were analyzed by HPLC. Elevated CO2 degraded internal color while air-treated fruit remained red. Internal and external tissues differed in composition and concentration of phenolic compounds. CO2 had a minimal effect on the anthocyanin content of external tissues but induced a remarkable decrease in anthocyanin content of internal tissues. Factors, such as pH and copigmentation, that could explain this degradation are discussed. Keywords: Fragaria × ananassa; controlled atmosphere; quality parameters; anthocyanins; phenolics

Temperatures after bloom affect plant growth and fruit quality of strawberry

2000-08-01
Shiow Y. Wang , Mary J. Camp

GROWTH AND MORPHOGENESIS OF THE STRAWBERRY AS RELATED TO AUXIN

1950-03-01
J. P. Nitsch

The composition of fruit of different strawberry varieties depending on maturity stage

2003-06-30
Karla Sturm , D. Koron , Franci Štampar

Aroma components and free amino acids in strawberry variety Chandler during ripening

1992-11-01
Ana G. Pérez , José Julián Ríos , Carlos Sanz +1 more
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAroma components and free amino acids in strawberry variety Chandler during ripeningAna G. Perez, Jose J. Rios, Carlos. Sanz, and Jose M. OliasCite this: J. Agric. Food … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAroma components and free amino acids in strawberry variety Chandler during ripeningAna G. Perez, Jose J. Rios, Carlos. Sanz, and Jose M. OliasCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 11, 2232–2235Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00023a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00023a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1136Altmetric-Citations140LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

The Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR): year 10 update

2013-11-12
Sook Jung , Stephen Ficklin , Taein Lee +7 more
The Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR, http:/www.rosaceae.org), the long-standing central repository and data mining resource for Rosaceae research, has been enhanced with new genomic, genetic and breeding data, and improved … The Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR, http:/www.rosaceae.org), the long-standing central repository and data mining resource for Rosaceae research, has been enhanced with new genomic, genetic and breeding data, and improved functionality. Whole genome sequences of apple, peach and strawberry are available to browse or download with a range of annotations, including gene model predictions, aligned transcripts, repetitive elements, polymorphisms, mapped genetic markers, mapped NCBI Rosaceae genes, gene homologs and association of InterPro protein domains, GO terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway terms. Annotated sequences can be queried using search interfaces and visualized using GBrowse. New expressed sequence tag unigene sets are available for major genera, and Pathway data are available through FragariaCyc, AppleCyc and PeachCyc databases. Synteny among the three sequenced genomes can be viewed using GBrowse_Syn. New markers, genetic maps and extensively curated qualitative/Mendelian and quantitative trait loci are available. Phenotype and genotype data from breeding projects and genetic diversity projects are also included. Improved search pages are available for marker, trait locus, genetic diversity and publication data. New search tools for breeders enable selection comparison and assistance with breeding decision making.
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Reproductive Strategies in Dewberries

1975-05-01
Warren G. Abrahamson
Two predictions are made. (1) In a stable, predictable habitat when population density is low and clonal expansion is possible, vegetative reproduction should be favored. When population density is high … Two predictions are made. (1) In a stable, predictable habitat when population density is low and clonal expansion is possible, vegetative reproduction should be favored. When population density is high because of crowding, plants should put a greater proportion of their resources into seed reproduction, resulting in dispersal. (2) In a temporally unstable habitat, this reproductive density response will not exist. Field studies utilizing Rubus hispidus and Rubus trivalis confirm the first prediction but not the second. In addition, cattle grazing and precipitation had a marked effect on mode of reproduction.

Supplementary calcium enhances plant growth and fruit yield in strawberry cultivars grown at high (NaCl) salinity

2002-02-01
Cengiz Kaya , Halil Kırnak , David Higgs +1 more

Phytochemistry of proanthocyanidins

1975-04-01
E.C. Bate-Smith

THE NATURAL HISTORY OF STRAWBERRY NÆVI

1938-06-01
W.A. Lister

Fruit and Soil Quality of Organic and Conventional Strawberry Agroecosystems

2010-09-01
John P. Reganold , Preston K. Andrews , Jennifer R. Reeve +6 more
Background Sale of organic foods is one of the fastest growing market segments within the global food industry. People often buy organic food because they believe organic farms produce more … Background Sale of organic foods is one of the fastest growing market segments within the global food industry. People often buy organic food because they believe organic farms produce more nutritious and better tasting food from healthier soils. Here we tested if there are significant differences in fruit and soil quality from 13 pairs of commercial organic and conventional strawberry agroecosystems in California. Methodology/Principal Findings At multiple sampling times for two years, we evaluated three varieties of strawberries for mineral elements, shelf life, phytochemical composition, and organoleptic properties. We also analyzed traditional soil properties and soil DNA using microarray technology. We found that the organic farms had strawberries with longer shelf life, greater dry matter, and higher antioxidant activity and concentrations of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds, but lower concentrations of phosphorus and potassium. In one variety, sensory panels judged organic strawberries to be sweeter and have better flavor, overall acceptance, and appearance than their conventional counterparts. We also found the organically farmed soils to have more total carbon and nitrogen, greater microbial biomass and activity, and higher concentrations of micronutrients. Organically farmed soils also exhibited greater numbers of endemic genes and greater functional gene abundance and diversity for several biogeochemical processes, such as nitrogen fixation and pesticide degradation. Conclusions/Significance Our findings show that the organic strawberry farms produced higher quality fruit and that their higher quality soils may have greater microbial functional capability and resilience to stress. These findings justify additional investigations aimed at detecting and quantifying such effects and their interactions.
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Multiple Models for Rosaceae Genomics

2008-05-16
Vladimir Shulaev , Schuyler S. Korban , Bryon Sosinski +7 more
The plant family Rosaceae consists of over 100 genera and 3,000 species that include many important fruit, nut, ornamental, and wood crops. Members of this family provide high-value nutritional foods … The plant family Rosaceae consists of over 100 genera and 3,000 species that include many important fruit, nut, ornamental, and wood crops. Members of this family provide high-value nutritional foods and contribute desirable aesthetic and industrial products. Most rosaceous crops have been enhanced by human intervention through sexual hybridization, asexual propagation, and genetic improvement since ancient times, 4,000 to 5,000 B.C. Modern breeding programs have contributed to the selection and release of numerous cultivars having significant economic impact on the U.S. and world markets. In recent years, the Rosaceae community, both in the United States and internationally, has benefited from newfound organization and collaboration that have hastened progress in developing genetic and genomic resources for representative crops such as apple (Malus spp.), peach (Prunus spp.), and strawberry (Fragaria spp.). These resources, including expressed sequence tags, bacterial artificial chromosome libraries, physical and genetic maps, and molecular markers, combined with genetic transformation protocols and bioinformatics tools, have rendered various rosaceous crops highly amenable to comparative and functional genomics studies. This report serves as a synopsis of the resources and initiatives of the Rosaceae community, recent developments in Rosaceae genomics, and plans to apply newly accumulated knowledge and resources toward breeding and crop improvement.
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NEUROSPORA. I. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE CHROMOSOMES OF NEUROSPORA CRASSA

1945-12-01
Barbara McClintock

Hormonal Control of Enzyme Synthesis: On the Mode of Action of Gibberellic Acid and Abscisin in Aleurone Layers of Barley

1967-07-01
Maarten J. Chrispeels , Joseph E. Varner
Gibberellic acid (GA) enhances the synthesis of alpha-amylase and ribonuclease in isolated aleurone layers and this process is inhibited by abscisin. Removal of gibberellic acid in mid-course of alpha-amylase production … Gibberellic acid (GA) enhances the synthesis of alpha-amylase and ribonuclease in isolated aleurone layers and this process is inhibited by abscisin. Removal of gibberellic acid in mid-course of alpha-amylase production results in a slowing down of alpha-amylase synthesis, suggesting a continued requirement of GA for enzyme synthesis. This is paralleled by a continuous requirement for RNA synthesis. Addition of 6-methylpurine or 8-azaguanine in mid-course results in an inhibition of alpha-amylase synthesis within 3 to 4 hours. However, actinomycin D added in mid-course is almost without effect. This is not due to its failure to enter the cells, because it does inhibit (14)C-uridine incorporation at this stage. Addition of abscisin to aleurone layers which are synthesizing alpha-amylase results in an inhibition of this synthesis within 2 to 3 hours. Cycloheximide on the other hand inhibits enzyme synthesis immediately upon its addition. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the expression of the GA effect requires the synthesis of enzyme-specific RNA molecules. The similarity in the kinetics of inhibition between abscisin on the one hand and 8-azaguanine or 6-methylpurine on the other suggests that abscisin may exert its action by inhibiting the synthesis of these enzyme-specific RNA molecules or by preventing their incorporation into an active enzyme-synthesising unit.
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Berry Fruits: Compositional Elements, Biochemical Activities, and the Impact of Their Intake on Human Health, Performance, and Disease

2008-01-23
Navindra P. Seeram
An overwhelming body of research has now firmly established that the dietary intake of berry fruits has a positive and profound impact on human health, performance, and disease. Berry fruits, … An overwhelming body of research has now firmly established that the dietary intake of berry fruits has a positive and profound impact on human health, performance, and disease. Berry fruits, which are commercially cultivated and commonly consumed in fresh and processed forms in North America, include blackberry ( Rubus spp.), black raspberry ( Rubus occidentalis), blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum), cranberry (i.e., the American cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, distinct from the European cranberry, V. oxycoccus), red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus) and strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa). Other berry fruits, which are lesser known but consumed in the traditional diets of North American tribal communities, include chokecherry ( Prunus virginiana), highbush cranberry ( Viburnum trilobum), serviceberry ( Amelanchier alnifolia), and silver buffaloberry ( Shepherdia argentea). In addition, berry fruits such as arctic bramble ( Rubus articus), bilberries ( Vaccinuim myrtillus; also known as bog whortleberries), black currant ( Ribes nigrum), boysenberries ( Rubus spp.), cloudberries ( Rubus chamaemorus), crowberries ( Empetrum nigrum, E. hermaphroditum), elderberries ( Sambucus spp.), gooseberry ( Ribes uva-crispa), lingonberries ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea), loganberry ( Rubus loganobaccus), marionberries ( Rubus spp.), Rowan berries ( Sorbus spp.), and sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides), are also popularly consumed in other parts of the world. Recently, there has also been a surge in the consumption of exotic "berry-type" fruits such as the pomegranate ( Punica granatum), goji berries ( Lycium barbarum; also known as wolfberry), mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana), the Brazilian açaí berry ( Euterpe oleraceae), and the Chilean maqui berry ( Aristotelia chilensis). Given the wide consumption of berry fruits and their potential impact on human health and disease, conferences and symposia that target the latest scientific research (and, of equal importance, the dissemination of this information to the general public), on the chemistry and biological and physiological functions of these "superfoods" are necessary.

Methyl jasmonate enhances antioxidant activity and flavonoid content in blackberries (Rubus sp.) and promotes antiproliferation of human cancer cells

2007-10-01
Shichao Wang , Linda Bowman , Mingyu Ding

Influence of Cultivar on Quality Parameters and Chemical Composition of Strawberry Fruits Grown in Brazil

2002-03-20
Beatriz Rosana Cordenunsi , João Roberto Oliveira do Nascimento , Maria Inés Genovese +1 more
Six strawberry cultivars grown on the same commercial plantation in Brazil were evaluated for their chemical composition and quality attributes at the ripe stage. The profiles of the main soluble … Six strawberry cultivars grown on the same commercial plantation in Brazil were evaluated for their chemical composition and quality attributes at the ripe stage. The profiles of the main soluble sugars, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanins were also obtained during the developmental stages. Results showed significant differences among cultivars in all of the investigated parameters. Cv. Campineiro showed an average value for texture of 0.63 N, half the value found for cv. Oso Grande. Anthocyanin content ranged from 13 (cv. Campineiro) to 55 (cv. Mazi) mg/100 g. Total ascorbic acid found for cv. Campineiro (85 mg/100 g) was twice the amount found in cv. Dover (40 mg/100 g). Fructose was the predominant soluble sugar in almost all cultivars. The proportion among the main soluble sugars (fructose, sucrose, and glucose) was similar for Oso Grande and Toyonoka cultivars. The flavonol content (quercetin plus kaempferol derivatives) ranged from 2.7 to 7.1 mg/100 g, with a mean value of 6.1 mg/100 g, whereas free ellagic acid ranged from 0.9 to 1.9 and total phenolics varied from 159 to 289 (mean 221) mg/100 g. Keywords: Strawberries; anthocyanins; soluble sugars; antioxidants; vitamin C; flavonoids

Clonal integration in Fragaria chiloensis differs between populations: ramets from grassland are selfish

1999-07-19
Peter Alpert

Additional volatile components of cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower

1976-07-01
Ron G. Buttery , Dan G. Guadagni , Louisa C. Ling +2 more
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditional volatile components of cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflowerRon G. Buttery, Dan G. Guadagni, Louisa C. Ling, Richard M. Seifert, and Werner LiptonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditional volatile components of cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflowerRon G. Buttery, Dan G. Guadagni, Louisa C. Ling, Richard M. Seifert, and Werner LiptonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1976, 24, 4, 829–832Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60206a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60206a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1105Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

The health benefits of blackcurrants

2012-01-01
A. V. Gopalan , Sharon C. Reuben , Shamima Ahmed +3 more
The blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L., Grossulariceae), a small, perennial shrub native to central Europe and northern Asia, is cultivated throughout the world, including the United States. In addition to its … The blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L., Grossulariceae), a small, perennial shrub native to central Europe and northern Asia, is cultivated throughout the world, including the United States. In addition to its anecdotal use in traditional herbal medicine, modern laboratories have demonstrated the potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of blackcurrant constituents on a myriad of disease states. The properties of the blackcurrants are conferred from its biochemical constituents, some of which include anthocyans (specifically delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside), flavonols, phenolic acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. A plethora of studies have been published with regards to its various therapeutic applications. This article attempts to summarize these studies, providing a general overview of the research in this field. Several studies focus on the therapeutic potential of blackcurrants with regards to hypertension and other cardiovascular-associated illnesses, neoplastic, neurodegenerative and ocular diseases, nephrolithiasis, and diabetic neuropathy. Safety concerns and future directions are also mentioned, suggesting the critical examination of the exact mechanism of action, specific radical-scavenging capabilities of the blackcurrants and the crucial need for well-designed clinical trials to ensure the successful use of blackcurrants in a clinical setting.
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Development and preliminary evaluation of a 90 K Axiom® SNP array for the allo-octoploid cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa

2015-03-05
Nahla Bassil , Thomas M. Davis , Hailong Zhang +7 more
A high-throughput genotyping platform is needed to enable marker-assisted breeding in the allo-octoploid cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa. Short-read sequences from one diploid and 19 octoploid accessions were aligned to … A high-throughput genotyping platform is needed to enable marker-assisted breeding in the allo-octoploid cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa. Short-read sequences from one diploid and 19 octoploid accessions were aligned to the diploid Fragaria vesca 'Hawaii 4' reference genome to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels for incorporation into a 90 K Affymetrix® Axiom® array. We report the development and preliminary evaluation of this array. About 36 million sequence variants were identified in a 19 member, octoploid germplasm panel. Strategies and filtering pipelines were developed to identify and incorporate markers of several types: di-allelic SNPs (66.6%), multi-allelic SNPs (1.8%), indels (10.1%), and ploidy-reducing "haploSNPs" (11.7%). The remaining SNPs included those discovered in the diploid progenitor F. iinumae (3.9%), and speculative "codon-based" SNPs (5.9%). In genotyping 306 octoploid accessions, SNPs were assigned to six classes with Affymetrix's "SNPolisher" R package. The highest quality classes, PolyHigh Resolution (PHR), No Minor Homozygote (NMH), and Off-Target Variant (OTV) comprised 25%, 38%, and 1% of array markers, respectively. These markers were suitable for genetic studies as demonstrated in the full-sib family 'Holiday' × 'Korona' with the generation of a genetic linkage map consisting of 6,594 PHR SNPs evenly distributed across 28 chromosomes with an average density of approximately one marker per 0.5 cM, thus exceeding our goal of one marker per cM. The Affymetrix IStraw90 Axiom array is the first high-throughput genotyping platform for cultivated strawberry and is commercially available to the worldwide scientific community. The array's high success rate is likely driven by the presence of naturally occurring variation in ploidy level within the nominally octoploid genome, and by effectiveness of the employed array design and ploidy-reducing strategies. This array enables genetic analyses including generation of high-density linkage maps, identification of quantitative trait loci for economically important traits, and genome-wide association studies, thus providing a basis for marker-assisted breeding in this high value crop.
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Saturated linkage map construction in Rubus idaeus using genotyping by sequencing and genome-independent imputation

2013-01-01
J. A. Ward , Jasbir Bhangoo , Felicidad Fernández-Fernández +7 more
Rapid development of highly saturated genetic maps aids molecular breeding, which can accelerate gain per breeding cycle in woody perennial plants such as Rubus idaeus (red raspberry). Recently, robust genotyping … Rapid development of highly saturated genetic maps aids molecular breeding, which can accelerate gain per breeding cycle in woody perennial plants such as Rubus idaeus (red raspberry). Recently, robust genotyping methods based on high-throughput sequencing were developed, which provide high marker density, but result in some genotype errors and a large number of missing genotype values. Imputation can reduce the number of missing values and can correct genotyping errors, but current methods of imputation require a reference genome and thus are not an option for most species. Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) was used to produce highly saturated maps for a R. idaeus pseudo-testcross progeny. While low coverage and high variance in sequencing resulted in a large number of missing values for some individuals, a novel method of imputation based on maximum likelihood marker ordering from initial marker segregation overcame the challenge of missing values, and made map construction computationally tractable. The two resulting parental maps contained 4521 and 2391 molecular markers spanning 462.7 and 376.6 cM respectively over seven linkage groups. Detection of precise genomic regions with segregation distortion was possible because of map saturation. Microsatellites (SSRs) linked these results to published maps for cross-validation and map comparison. GBS together with genome-independent imputation provides a rapid method for genetic map construction in any pseudo-testcross progeny. Our method of imputation estimates the correct genotype call of missing values and corrects genotyping errors that lead to inflated map size and reduced precision in marker placement. Comparison of SSRs to published R. idaeus maps showed that the linkage maps constructed with GBS and our method of imputation were robust, and marker positioning reliable. The high marker density allowed identification of genomic regions with segregation distortion in R. idaeus, which may help to identify deleterious alleles that are the basis of inbreeding depression in the species.
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Genome-Scale Transcriptomic Insights into Early-Stage Fruit Development in Woodland Strawberry Fragaria vesca

2013-06-01
Chunying Kang , Omar Darwish , Aviva Geretz +3 more
Fragaria vesca, a diploid woodland strawberry with a small and sequenced genome, is an excellent model for studying fruit development. The strawberry fruit is unique in that the edible flesh … Fragaria vesca, a diploid woodland strawberry with a small and sequenced genome, is an excellent model for studying fruit development. The strawberry fruit is unique in that the edible flesh is actually enlarged receptacle tissue. The true fruit are the numerous dry achenes dotting the receptacle's surface. Auxin produced from the achene is essential for the receptacle fruit set, a paradigm for studying crosstalk between hormone signaling and development. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying strawberry fruit set, next-generation sequencing was employed to profile early-stage fruit development with five fruit tissue types and five developmental stages from floral anthesis to enlarged fruits. This two-dimensional data set provides a systems-level view of molecular events with precise spatial and temporal resolution. The data suggest that the endosperm and seed coat may play a more prominent role than the embryo in auxin and gibberellin biosynthesis for fruit set. A model is proposed to illustrate how hormonal signals produced in the endosperm and seed coat coordinate seed, ovary wall, and receptacle fruit development. The comprehensive fruit transcriptome data set provides a wealth of genomic resources for the strawberry and Rosaceae communities as well as unprecedented molecular insight into fruit set and early stage fruit development.
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Co-ordinated gene expression during phases of dormancy release in raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) buds

2007-01-22
Luca Mazzitelli , Robert D. Hancock , Sophie Haupt +7 more
Bud break in raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is often poor and uneven, with many of the subapical buds remaining in a dormant state. In order to determine the dormancy status … Bud break in raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is often poor and uneven, with many of the subapical buds remaining in a dormant state. In order to determine the dormancy status of raspberry buds, an empirical measure of bud burst in a growth-permissive environment following exposure to chilling (4 °C cold storage) was developed. For cv. Glen Ample, percentage bud burst in intact canes and isolated nodes was recorded after 14 d. Isolated nodes (a measure of endodormancy) achieved 100% bud burst after ∼1500 h chilling whereas buds on intact plants (combined endo- and paradormancy) required an additional 1000 h chilling. A microarray approach was used to follow changes in gene expression that occurred during dormancy transition. The probes for the microarrays were obtained from endodormant and paradormant raspberry bud cDNA libraries. The expression profiles of 5300 clones from these libraries were subjected to principal component analysis to determine the most significant expression patterns. Sequence analysis of these clones, in many cases, enabled their functional categorization and the development of hypotheses concerning the mechanisms of bud dormancy release. Thus a set of novel candidates for key dormancy-related genes from raspberry buds have been identified. Bud dormancy is fundamental to the study of plant developmental processes and, in addition, its regulation is of significant economic importance to fruit and horticultural industries.
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Genetic Markers, Map Construction, and Their Application in Plant Breeding

1996-09-01
Jack E. Staub , Félix C. Serquén , Meenu Gupta
[...] The purpose of this paper is to describe available marker types and examine factors critical for their use in map construction and MAS [marker-assisted selection]. This review clarifies how … [...] The purpose of this paper is to describe available marker types and examine factors critical for their use in map construction and MAS [marker-assisted selection]. This review clarifies how genetic markers are used in map construction and defines the potential use of genetic maps for MAS [...]
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Metabolic profiling of strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) during fruit development and maturation

2010-11-01
Juanjuan Zhang , Xin Wang , Oliver Yu +4 more
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch), a fruit of economic and nutritional importance, is also a model species for fleshy fruits and genomics in Rosaceae. Strawberry fruit quality at different harvest … Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch), a fruit of economic and nutritional importance, is also a model species for fleshy fruits and genomics in Rosaceae. Strawberry fruit quality at different harvest stages is a function of the fruit's metabolite content, which results from physiological changes during fruit growth and ripening. In order to investigate strawberry fruit development, untargeted (GC-MS) and targeted (HPLC) metabolic profiling analyses were conducted. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were employed to explore the non-polar and polar metabolite profiles from fruit samples at seven developmental stages. Different cluster patterns and a broad range of metabolites that exerted influence on cluster formation of metabolite profiles were observed. Significant changes in metabolite levels were found in both fruits turning red and fruits over-ripening in comparison with red-ripening fruits. The levels of free amino acids decreased gradually before the red-ripening stage, but increased significantly in the over-ripening stage. Metabolite correlation and network analysis revealed the interdependencies of individual metabolites and metabolic pathways. Activities of several metabolic pathways, including ester biosynthesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the shikimate pathway, and amino acid metabolism, shifted during fruit growth and ripening. These results not only confirmed published metabolic data but also revealed new insights into strawberry fruit composition and metabolite changes, thus demonstrating the value of metabolomics as a functional genomics tool in characterizing the mechanism of fruit quality formation, a key developmental stage in most economically important fruit crops.

Comparison of genetic diversity of the invasive weed <i>Rubus alceifolius</i> Poir. (Rosaceae) in its native range and in areas of introduction, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers

2000-04-01
Laurent Amsellem , Jean‐Louis Noyer , Thomas Le Bourgeois +1 more
Theory predicts that colonization of new areas will be associated with population bottlenecks that reduce within-population genetic diversity and increase genetic differentiation among populations. This should be especially true for … Theory predicts that colonization of new areas will be associated with population bottlenecks that reduce within-population genetic diversity and increase genetic differentiation among populations. This should be especially true for weedy plant species, which are often characterized by self-compatible breeding systems and vegetative propagation. To test this prediction, and to evaluate alternative scenarios for the history of introduction, the genetic diversity of Rubus alceifolius was studied with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers in its native range in southeast Asia and in several areas where this plant has been introduced and is now a serious weed (Indian Ocean islands, Australia). In its native range, R. alceifolius showed great genetic variability within populations and among geographically close populations (populations sampled ranging from northern Vietnam to Java). In Madagascar, genetic variability was somewhat lower than in its native range, but still considerable. Each population sampled in the other Indian Ocean islands (Mayotte, La Réunion, Mauritius) was characterized by a single different genotype of R. alceifolius for the markers studied, and closely related to individuals from Madagascar. Queensland populations also included only a single genotype, identical to that found in Mauritius. These results suggest that R. alceifolius was first introduced into Madagascar, perhaps on multiple occasions, and that Madagascan individuals were the immediate source of plants that colonized other areas of introduction. Successive nested founder events appear to have resulted in cumulative reduction in genetic diversity. Possible explanations for the monoclonality of R. alceifolius in many areas of introduction are discussed.

The genome of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca)

2010-12-26
Vladimir Shulaev , Daniel James Sargent , Ross Crowhurst +7 more
The International Strawberry Sequencing Consortium reports the draft genome of the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca). The genome of this diploid species should serve as a reference genome for the Fragaria … The International Strawberry Sequencing Consortium reports the draft genome of the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca). The genome of this diploid species should serve as a reference genome for the Fragaria genus, as the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an octoploid where F. vesca is predicted to be a subgenome donor. The woodland strawberry, Fragaria vesca (2n = 2x = 14), is a versatile experimental plant system. This diminutive herbaceous perennial has a small genome (240 Mb), is amenable to genetic transformation and shares substantial sequence identity with the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and other economically important rosaceous plants. Here we report the draft F. vesca genome, which was sequenced to ×39 coverage using second-generation technology, assembled de novo and then anchored to the genetic linkage map into seven pseudochromosomes. This diploid strawberry sequence lacks the large genome duplications seen in other rosids. Gene prediction modeling identified 34,809 genes, with most being supported by transcriptome mapping. Genes critical to valuable horticultural traits including flavor, nutritional value and flowering time were identified. Macrosyntenic relationships between Fragaria and Prunus predict a hypothetical ancestral Rosaceae genome that had nine chromosomes. New phylogenetic analysis of 154 protein-coding genes suggests that assignment of Populus to Malvidae, rather than Fabidae, is warranted.
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Gene expression analysis of strawberry achene and receptacle maturation using DNA microarrays

2002-09-25
Asaph Aharoni
Large‐scale, single pass sequencing and parallel gene expression analysis using DNA microarrays were employed for the comprehensive investigation of ripening in strawberry fruit. A total of 1701 cDNA clones (comprising … Large‐scale, single pass sequencing and parallel gene expression analysis using DNA microarrays were employed for the comprehensive investigation of ripening in strawberry fruit. A total of 1701 cDNA clones (comprising 1100 strawberry ESTs and 601 unsequenced cDNAs) obtained from a strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) ripe fruit cDNA library were displayed on microarrays, and used for monitoring concurrent gene expression in receptacle and achene tissues. Analysis of expression ratios identified 66 out of the 259 (25%) achene‐related clones and 80 out of 182 (44%) receptacle‐related clones with more than a 4‐fold difference in expression between the two tissue types. Half of the achene‐associated genes putatively encode proteins with unknown function, and a large number of the remainder were proteins predicted to form part of the signal and regulation cascades related to achene maturation and acquisition of stress and desiccation tolerance. These included phosphatases, protein kinases, 14‐3‐3 proteins, transcription factors, and others. In the receptacle, key processes and novel genes that could be associated with ripening were identified. Genes putatively encoding proteins related to stress, the cell wall, DNA/RNA/protein, and primary metabolism were highly represented. Apart from providing a global observation on gene expression programmes and metabolic pathways in the developing strawberry, this study has made available a large database and unique information for gene discovery, promoter selection and markers for molecular breeding approaches.

Influence of Cultivar, Maturity, and Sampling on Blackberry (<i>Rubus</i>L. Hybrids) Anthocyanins, Polyphenolics, and Antioxidant Properties

2004-12-01
Thanyaporn Siriwoharn , Ronald E. Wrolstad , Chad E. Finn +1 more
Total anthocyanin pigments increased from 74.7 to 317 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) from underripe to overripe for Marion blackberries and from 69.9 to 164 mg/100 g FW for Evergreen … Total anthocyanin pigments increased from 74.7 to 317 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) from underripe to overripe for Marion blackberries and from 69.9 to 164 mg/100 g FW for Evergreen blackberries. Total phenolics did not show a marked change with maturity with values slightly decreasing from underripe to ripe. Antioxidant activities, while increasing with ripening, also did not show the marked change that total anthocyanins exhibited. The impact of variation due to plots, subsampling, sample preparation, and measurement on Marion composition was examined in detail. Plot-to-plot and sample differences were the major contributors to variation, with sample preparation being an important contributor for some parameters. Measurement variation was a relatively small component of the total variation. Total anthocyanins for 11 blackberry cultivars ranged from 131 to 256 mg/100 g FW (mean = 198), total phenolics ranged from 682 to 1056 mg GAE/100 g FW (mean = 900), oxygen radical absorbance capacity ranged from 37.6 to 75.5 μmol TE/g FW (mean = 50.2), and ferric reducing antioxidant power ranged from 63.5 to 91.5 μmol TE/g FW (mean = 77.5). Keywords: Blackberries; Rubus L. hybrids; anthocyanins; polyphenolics; antioxidant properties; cultivar; sample variation; maturity

Cytology of the Yeast Life Cycle

1981-01-01
Breck Byers
INTRODUCTION The preceding papers in this volume clarify the major reasons that Saccharomyces cerevisiae is exceptionally well-suited to the analysis of cellular functions. The facility and rigor of its genetic … INTRODUCTION The preceding papers in this volume clarify the major reasons that Saccharomyces cerevisiae is exceptionally well-suited to the analysis of cellular functions. The facility and rigor of its genetic analysis enable the researcher to apply the power of molecular genetics to the analysis of a wide variety of biochemical and cytological processes. One hopes, of course, that many of the processes revealed in yeast will provide clues to mechanisms operating in a broader range of eukaryotic organisms. Any similarities between processes occurring in yeasts and those in plant or animal cells may indicate useful experimental approaches for the latter organisms, which are less amenable to genetic analysis. In contrast, any differences should aid in defining those mechanisms that are fundamental to the eukaryotic mode of cellular function. Accordingly, this paper describes certain aspects of yeast cytology in comparison with our current understanding of other eukaryotic cells. In keeping with the central importance of genetics to our study of yeast, I have chosen to stress cytological aspects that are most pertinent to the transmission of the genetic material: mitosis, conjugation, and meiosis. This approach will necessitate omission of a wealth of other cytological information. Many topics, including important early observations from freeze-fracture preparation for electron microscopy, are described in the seminal review by Matile et al. (1969). In more recent reviews, Hartwell (1974) and Pringle and Hartwell (this volume) discuss observations on cytological changes in the cell-division cycle, and Cabib (1975) and Ballou (1982) describe the structure and formation of...

Evolutionary Origins and Dynamics of Octoploid Strawberry Subgenomes Revealed by Dense Targeted Capture Linkage Maps

2014-12-01
Jacob A. Tennessen , Rajanikanth Govindarajulu , Tia‐Lynn Ashman +1 more
Whole-genome duplications are radical evolutionary events that have driven speciation and adaptation in many taxa.Higher-order polyploids have complex histories often including interspecific hybridization and dynamic genomic changes.This chromosomal reshuffling is … Whole-genome duplications are radical evolutionary events that have driven speciation and adaptation in many taxa.Higher-order polyploids have complex histories often including interspecific hybridization and dynamic genomic changes.This chromosomal reshuffling is poorly understood for most polyploid species, despite their evolutionary and agricultural importance, due to the challenge of distinguishing homologous sequences from each other.Here, we use dense linkage maps generated with targeted sequence capture to improve the diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca) reference genome and to disentangle the subgenomes of the wild octoploid progenitors of cultivated strawberry, Fragaria virginiana and Fragaria chiloensis.Our novel approach, POLiMAPS (Phylogenetics Of Linkage-Map-Anchored Polyploid Subgenomes), leverages sequence reads to associate informative interhomeolog phylogenetic markers with linkage groups and reference genome positions.In contrast to a widely accepted model, we find that one of the four subgenomes originates with the diploid cytoplasm donor F. vesca, one with the diploid Fragaria iinumae, and two with an unknown ancestor close to F. iinumae.Extensive unidirectional introgression has converted F. iinumae-like subgenomes to be more F. vesca-like, but never the reverse, due either to homoploid hybridization in the F. iinumae-like diploid ancestors or else strong selection spreading F. vesca-like sequence among subgenomes through homeologous exchange.In addition, divergence between homeologous chromosomes has been substantially augmented by interchromosomal rearrangements.Our phylogenetic approach reveals novel aspects of the complicated web of genetic exchanges that occur during polyploid evolution and suggests a path forward for unraveling other agriculturally and ecologically important polyploid genomes.
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AGHmatrix: R Package to Construct Relationship Matrices for Autotetraploid and Diploid Species: A Blueberry Example

2016-09-01
Rodrigo R. Amadeu , Catherine Cellon , James W. Olmstead +3 more
Progress in the rate of improvement in autopolyploid species has been limited compared with diploids, mainly because software and methods to apply advanced prediction and selection methodologies in autopolyploids are … Progress in the rate of improvement in autopolyploid species has been limited compared with diploids, mainly because software and methods to apply advanced prediction and selection methodologies in autopolyploids are lacking. The objectives of this research were to (i) develop an R package for autopolyploids to construct the relationship matrix derived from pedigree information that accounts for autopolyploidy and double reduction and (ii) use the package to estimate the level and effect of double reduction in an autotetraploid blueberry breeding population with extensive pedigree information. The package is unique, as it can create A‐matrices for different levels of ploidy and double reduction, which can then be used by breeders to fit mixed models in the context of predicting breeding values (BVs). Using the data from this blueberry population, we found for all the traits that tetrasomic inheritance creates a better fit than disomic inheritance. In one of the five traits studied, the level of double reduction was different from zero, decreasing the estimated heritability, but it did not affect the prediction of BVs. We also discovered that different depths of pedigree would have significant implications on the estimation of double reduction using this approach. This freely available R package is available for autopolyploid breeders to estimate the level of double reduction present in their populations and the impact in the estimation of genetic parameters as well as to use advanced methods of prediction and selection.

Single-molecule sequencing and optical mapping yields an improved genome of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) with chromosome-scale contiguity

2017-12-13
Patrick P. Edger , Robert VanBuren , Marivi Colle +7 more
Although draft genomes are available for most agronomically important plant species, the majority are incomplete, highly fragmented, and often riddled with assembly and scaffolding errors. These assembly issues hinder advances … Although draft genomes are available for most agronomically important plant species, the majority are incomplete, highly fragmented, and often riddled with assembly and scaffolding errors. These assembly issues hinder advances in tool development for functional genomics and systems biology.Here we utilized a robust, cost-effective approach to produce high-quality reference genomes. We report a near-complete genome of diploid woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) using single-molecule real-time sequencing from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio). This assembly has a contig N50 length of ∼7.9 million base pairs (Mb), representing a ∼300-fold improvement of the previous version. The vast majority (>99.8%) of the assembly was anchored to 7 pseudomolecules using 2 sets of optical maps from Bionano Genomics. We obtained ∼24.96 Mb of sequence not present in the previous version of the F. vesca genome and produced an improved annotation that includes 1496 new genes. Comparative syntenic analyses uncovered numerous, large-scale scaffolding errors present in each chromosome in the previously published version of the F. vesca genome.Our results highlight the need to improve existing short-read based reference genomes. Furthermore, we demonstrate how genome quality impacts commonly used analyses for addressing both fundamental and applied biological questions.
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Raspberries and blackberries: their breeding, diseases and growth.

1988-01-01
D. L. Jennings

Haplotype-phased genome and evolution of phytonutrient pathways of tetraploid blueberry

2019-01-31
Marivi Colle , Courtney P. Leisner , Ching Man Wai +7 more
Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) has long been consumed for its unique flavor and composition of health-promoting phytonutrients. However, breeding efforts to improve fruit quality in blueberry have been greatly hampered … Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) has long been consumed for its unique flavor and composition of health-promoting phytonutrients. However, breeding efforts to improve fruit quality in blueberry have been greatly hampered by the lack of adequate genomic resources and a limited understanding of the underlying genetics encoding key traits. The genome of highbush blueberry has been particularly challenging to assemble due, in large part, to its polyploid nature and genome size.
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Origin and evolution of the octoploid strawberry genome

2019-02-25
Patrick P. Edger , Thomas J. Poorten , Robert VanBuren +7 more
Cultivated strawberry emerged from the hybridization of two wild octoploid species, both descendants from the merger of four diploid progenitor species into a single nucleus more than 1 million years … Cultivated strawberry emerged from the hybridization of two wild octoploid species, both descendants from the merger of four diploid progenitor species into a single nucleus more than 1 million years ago. Here we report a near-complete chromosome-scale assembly for cultivated octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and uncovered the origin and evolutionary processes that shaped this complex allopolyploid. We identified the extant relatives of each diploid progenitor species and provide support for the North American origin of octoploid strawberry. We examined the dynamics among the four subgenomes in octoploid strawberry and uncovered the presence of a single dominant subgenome with significantly greater gene content, gene expression abundance, and biased exchanges between homoeologous chromosomes, as compared with the other subgenomes. Pathway analysis showed that certain metabolomic and disease-resistance traits are largely controlled by the dominant subgenome. These findings and the reference genome should serve as a powerful platform for future evolutionary studies and enable molecular breeding in strawberry.
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Statistical Methods for Research Workers

1930-12-01
F. Z. H.

Statistical Methods for Research Workers

1935-01-01
F. Z. H.

The Cultivated Races of Sorghum

1953-04-01
J. D. Snowden

Evaluation of strawberry host plant resistance to powdery mildew in 21 genotypes under greenhouse conditions in San Luis Obispo, California, winter 2024

2025-06-25
Sonia Simard , Kyle A. Blauer , Gerald J. Holmes | Plant Health Progress
Powdery mildew of strawberry, caused by Podosphaera aphanis, is an economically important disease that infects flowers, fruit, leaves, and petioles. This report evaluates the host resistance to powdery mildew of … Powdery mildew of strawberry, caused by Podosphaera aphanis, is an economically important disease that infects flowers, fruit, leaves, and petioles. This report evaluates the host resistance to powdery mildew of 21 cultivars and elite breeding lines (genotypes) under greenhouse conditions in San Luis Obispo, California in winter of 2024. Disease incidence and severity were evaluated for all cultivars. Results of this study will inform strawberry growers in selecting resistant cultivars for optimized production.

Ahududunun (Rubus idaeus L. cv. Ruby) mikroçoğaltımında Giberellik Asitin (GA3) bitki gelişimine etkisi

2025-06-23
Selcan ÖZYALIN , Cennet Yaman , Gülden Balcı | Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi
Amaç: Çalışma, in vitro şartlarda giberellik asitin (GA3) ahududu (Rubus idaeus L. cv. Ruby) bitkisinin gelişimine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışma, GA3’ün farklı dozları (0, 0.25, 0.5, … Amaç: Çalışma, in vitro şartlarda giberellik asitin (GA3) ahududu (Rubus idaeus L. cv. Ruby) bitkisinin gelişimine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışma, GA3’ün farklı dozları (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg l−1), 6-Benzilaminopurine (BAP) (0.1 mg l−1)+Kinetin (Kin) (0.5 mg l−1) içeren ve içermeyen MS besin ortamında denenmiştir. Denemede bazı morfolojik ve fizyolojik parametrelerin ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma Bulguları: Araştırmada GA3 uygulamasının incelenen parametreler üzerine etkisinin önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sürgün boyunda (3.93 cm), boğum arası uzunlukta (2.44 mm) ve klorofilde (38.68 SPAD) en iyi sonuçlar 1.0 mg l−1 GA3 uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Boğum sayısında (3.67 adet) 0.5 ve 1.0 mg l−1 GA3 uygulaması, sürgün sayısında (3.33 adet) ise BAP+Kin+0.5 mg l−1 GA3 uygulamasından en iyi sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak BAP ve Kin ile kombine edilen GA3 uygulamaları sürgün sayısının artmasında, sadece GA3’ün kullanıldığı uygulamalar da ise sürgün uzunluğunda ve boğumlar arası mesafenin artmasında etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Vegetative and Floral Characteristics of Different Strawberry Cultivars Growing in Low Polytunnels under Shivalik Foothills

2025-06-21
Tanuj Bhardwaj , Vishal Rana , Chanderkant | Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International
This study was conducted on fifteen genotypes of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) to evaluate the extent of morphological variability and to examine the associations among various traits. The results … This study was conducted on fifteen genotypes of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) to evaluate the extent of morphological variability and to examine the associations among various traits. The results revealed notable differences among the genotypes. ‘Sweet Sensation’ exhibited the greatest plant height (48.57 cm), plant spread (20.66 cm), and flower size (2.86 cm). ‘Shimla Delicious’ recorded the largest leaf area (177.72 cm²), and so on. The study identifies significant genetic variability among strawberry genotypes, providing essential data for breeding programs aimed at improving plant traits, and by analyzing associations among traits, the research supports more informed selection strategies, ultimately contributing to higher productivity and better adaptation in strawberry cultivation.

Nymphaea ‘Silk-road Red’: A New Intersubgeneric Cultivar

2025-06-20
Meihua Yang , Zhibo Jiang , Xin‐Feng Zheng +4 more | HortScience

Combined Analysis of SRAP and SSR Markers Reveals Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships in Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

2025-06-19
Zhifeng Guo , Z W Fan , Xueyi Li +4 more | Agronomy
Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is a high-value horticultural crop recognized for its significant economic importance and exceptional nutritional profile. We analyzed 76 raspberry accessions (wild and cultivar) using simple sequence … Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is a high-value horticultural crop recognized for its significant economic importance and exceptional nutritional profile. We analyzed 76 raspberry accessions (wild and cultivar) using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers, and we established a standardized SRAP system for this species. Genetic similarity differed markedly between markers: SSR values spanned 0.47–0.98 (mean = 0.73), compared to the narrower range of 0.52–0.97 (mean = 0.75) for SRAP. Cultivar accessions exhibited higher intra-group homogeneity than wild accessions, and northeastern wild accessions showed more stable similarity metrics than Guizhou wild accessions. In hierarchical clustering, the resolution varied depending on the labeling marker. The cluster analysis by SSR markers identified two main clusters and further partitioned them into three clusters. In contrast, the SRAP system revealed two primary clusters, which subsequently diverged into five subclusters. SSR markers effectively captured population-level differentiation, whereas SRAP markers enabled precise discrimination of cultivars and ecotypes through non-coding region polymorphisms. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed closer genetic affinity between northeastern wild and cultivated accessions, which diverged significantly from Guizhou. This dual-marker approach revealed complementary information: SSR markers were used to survey genome-wide diversity, while SRAP markers were used to detect structural variations. Their integrated application enhances germplasm characterization efficiency and provides practical strategies for raspberry conservation and molecular breeding.

Homoploid hybridization adds clarity to the origins of octoploid strawberries

2025-06-18
Zhen Fan , Aaron Liston , Douglas E. Soltis +4 more | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
The evolutionary histories of many polyploid plant species are difficult to resolve due to a complex interplay of hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting, and missing diploid progenitors. In the case of … The evolutionary histories of many polyploid plant species are difficult to resolve due to a complex interplay of hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting, and missing diploid progenitors. In the case of octoploid strawberry with four subgenomes designated ABCD, the identities of the diploid progenitors for subgenomes C and D have been subject to much debate. By integrating new sequencing data from North American diploids with reticulate phylogeny and admixture analyses, we uncovered introgression from an extinct or unsampled species in the clade of Fragaria viridis , Fragaria nipponica , and Fragaria nilgerrensis into the donor of subgenome A of octoploid Fragaria prior to its divergence from F. vesca subsp . bracteata . We also detected an introgression event from F. iinumae into an ancestor of F. nipponica and F. nilgerrensis. Using an LTR-age-distribution-based approach, we estimate that the octoploid and its intermediate hexaploid and tetraploid ancestors emerged approximately 0.8, 2, and 3 million years ago, respectively. These results provide an explanation for previous reports of F. viridis and F. nipponica as donors of the C and D subgenomes and suggest a greater role than previously thought for homoploid hybridization in the diploid progenitors of octoploid strawberry. The integrated set of approaches used here can help advance polyploid genome analysis in other species where hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting obscure evolutionary relationships.

Calabaza—Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Lam.

2025-06-18
James M. Stephens | EDIS
This document provides an overview of calabaza (Cucurbita moschata), commonly known as Cuban pumpkin or squash, detailing its cultivation, description, and uses. Calabaza is a vining plant with mottled green … This document provides an overview of calabaza (Cucurbita moschata), commonly known as Cuban pumpkin or squash, detailing its cultivation, description, and uses. Calabaza is a vining plant with mottled green or yellow fruits, grown primarily in South Florida. It thrives in hot weather and requires about three months from seeding to harvest. The document highlights cultural practices, including spacing and composting, and mentions common issues like downy mildew. Calabaza is popular among Latin communities in Florida, who use it in various traditional recipes. Original publication date April 1994.

Networking 13 Berry Minerals to Sustain a High Yield of Firm Cranberry Fruits

2025-06-18
Léon‐Étienne Parent | Horticulturae
The N fertilization to reach high cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) yields resulted in high proportions of soft berries. Our objective was to define the mineral nutrient balance of cranberry to reach … The N fertilization to reach high cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) yields resulted in high proportions of soft berries. Our objective was to define the mineral nutrient balance of cranberry to reach a high yield of firm berries. The database comprised 393 observations on cv. ‘Stevens’. Berries were analyzed for total S, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Al, and Si. Random Forest and XGBoost machine learning models were run to predict yield and firmness classes using raw concentrations, centered log ratios (clr) accounting for nutrient interactions, and weighted log ratios (wlr) that also considered the importance of each dual interaction. The wlr returned the most accurate models. The wlr standards elaborated from the high-yielding and nutritionally balanced subpopulation most often differed between the high-yield class and the high-firmness class. The wlr Cu level was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) too high to reach the high-yielding class in the nutritionally imbalanced subpopulation. There was excessive Al and shortage of Si and Mg to reach high berry firmness in the nutritionally imbalanced subpopulation (p ≤ 0.01), indicating the large influence of soil genesis on berry firmness. Despite statistical evidence, cranberry response to Al and Si corrective measures should be tested to elaborate site-specific recommendations based on soil and tissue tests.

Effect of DMI fungicides on plant growth and yield in annual strawberries in South Carolina, 2024 to 2025

2025-06-18
Johanna Wesche , Jhulia Gelain , J. W. Hopkins +1 more | Plant Health Progress
Demethylation Inhibitor (DMI) fungicide use has increased in strawberry fields of the southeastern United States primarily for management of Neopestalotiopsis leaf spot, -fruit rot, and -crown rot caused by Neopestalotiopsis … Demethylation Inhibitor (DMI) fungicide use has increased in strawberry fields of the southeastern United States primarily for management of Neopestalotiopsis leaf spot, -fruit rot, and -crown rot caused by Neopestalotiopsis sp. Some DMI fungicides are suspected of stunting strawberry plants; however, very few studies are available that document this possible side effect. It is also not known whether stunting can impact yield. This study evaluated the effects of DMI fungicides propiconazole (Propi-Star EC), difenoconazole (Inspire EC), and flutriafol (Rhyme SC) in combination with thiram on plant growth and yield in ‘Albion’ strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) produced at Clemson University Musser Fruit Research Center in Seneca, SC. Results from fall 2024 and spring 2025 applications inform growers about possible consequences when using DMI fungicides for managing Neopestalotiopsis spp. in commercial strawberry production.

Multiple Methods for Predicting Strawberry Powdery Mildew Severity from Field Canopy Reflectance Data

2025-06-17
Ronald Tapia , Won Suk Lee , Vance M. Whitaker +1 more | PhytoFrontiers™
Sensor-based techniques have demonstrated potential as alternatives to visual rating techniques of plant diseases in numerous horticultural crops. Our previous study showed that canopy reflectance data could significantly improve the … Sensor-based techniques have demonstrated potential as alternatives to visual rating techniques of plant diseases in numerous horticultural crops. Our previous study showed that canopy reflectance data could significantly improve the genomic prediction of powdery mildew resistance in a strawberry breeding program. In this study, we evaluated multiple methods for canopy reflectance as a phenotyping approach that can be applied across many research contexts. We tested stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and hyperspectral best linear unbiased prediction (HBLUP) using canopy reflectance to predict strawberry powdery mildew severity. Visual rating and canopy reflectance measurements were conducted using seedlings from two different crosses from the University of Florida strawberry breeding program evaluated in 2018 to 2019 (T1) and 2019 to 2020 (T2) field trials. SMLR analysis showed that as few as five wavebands were highly correlated with disease severity, with coefficients of determination of 0.94 and 0.71 and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.20 and 0.44 in the T1 and T2 trials, respectively. Significant wavebands were found in the UVA region. A PLSR model using 10 variables also showed high predictive abilities of 0.94 and 0.92, respectively, with an RMSE of 0.32 within the T1 and T2 trials, whereas HBLUP showed slightly lower accuracy, with respective accuracy levels of 0.84 and 0.82 and RMSEs of 0.49 and 0.51. In PLSR, the accuracy substantially decreased by 25 to 35%, whereas in HBLUP, it decreased by 12 to 29% after validation across datasets, and moderate predictive ability was achieved. Overall, the canopy reflectance-based foliar disease prediction methods presented in this study demonstrate potential for field-based high-throughput phenotyping of strawberry powdery mildew. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

A PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RASPBERRY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS: A SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE SITUATION IN THE SERBIA AND POLAND

2025-06-17
Nataša Kljajić , Iwona Pomianek , Predrag Vuković | Ekonomika poljoprivrede
Raspberry is Serbia’s most significant agro-industrial export, giving the country a competitive edge globally despite its smaller size and lower technological development. Over the past decade (2013–2022), raspberry production has … Raspberry is Serbia’s most significant agro-industrial export, giving the country a competitive edge globally despite its smaller size and lower technological development. Over the past decade (2013–2022), raspberry production has faced challenges, including disputes over purchase prices between producers and cold store owners. The paper analyses global, European, and Serbian raspberry production, including yields, export/import data, and prices, with a comparison to Poland—another leading producer. Both countries have ideal conditions for high-yield raspberry farming, though production remains extensive in some areas. Serbia holds a top global position in frozen raspberry exports, and there is strong potential for growth, especially in fresh and organic raspberries. This requires government support, subsidies, and better use of natural and local resources to boost competitiveness and rural development.

New strawberry genotypes adapted for the Southern Plateau of Santa Catarina: a study of yield and fruits quality

2025-06-17
Bruna Miranda Costa , Juliana Martins de Lima , Hellen Renata Correia de Souza +4 more | Discover Plants.

Integration of Green and Far-Red Light with Red-Blue Light Enhances Shoot Multiplication in Micropropagated Strawberry

2025-06-17
Yali Li , Ping Huang , Xia Qiu +7 more | Horticulturae
Light spectral composition critically regulates plant morphogenesis and molecular adaptation in controlled environments. This study investigated the synergistic effects of three light spectra, red-blue (RB, 7:3), red-blue-green (RGB, 7:3:1), and … Light spectral composition critically regulates plant morphogenesis and molecular adaptation in controlled environments. This study investigated the synergistic effects of three light spectra, red-blue (RB, 7:3), red-blue-green (RGB, 7:3:1), and red-blue-far-red (RBFR, 7:3:1), on multiplication, morphogenesis, physiological traits, and transcriptomic dynamics in tissue-cultured strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. ‘Benihoppe’). After 28 days of cultivation under controlled conditions (25 °C/22 °C day/night, 50 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD), RBFR and RGB treatments significantly enhanced shoot multiplication (38.8% and 24.2%, respectively), plant height, and callus biomass compared to RB light. RGB elevated chlorophyll a and b by 1.8- and 1.6-fold, respectively, while RBFR increased soluble protein content by 16%. Transcriptome analysis identified 144 and 376 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under RGB and RBFR, respectively, enriched in pathways linked to circadian rhythm, auxin transport, and photosynthesis. Far-red light upregulated light signaling and photomorphogenesis genes, whereas green light enhanced chlorophyll biosynthesis while suppressing stress-responsive genes. These findings elucidate the spectral-specific regulatory mechanisms underlying strawberry micropropagation and provide a framework for optimizing multispectral LED systems in controlled-environment horticulture.

European rose chafer prevalence on cultivated highbush blueberries

2025-06-16
Maxhun Shehaj , Erzen Shehaj , Elbasan Çekaj +2 more | Horticultural Science

FvFT1-FvTFL1 epistasis drives flowering time adaptation in woodland strawberry

2025-06-16
Sergei Lembinen , Elli Koskela , Guangxun Fan +7 more | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
Floral transition and flower bud development during autumn and winter are common in plants inhabiting temperate and cold climates. However, our understanding of the natural variation and underlying molecular mechanisms … Floral transition and flower bud development during autumn and winter are common in plants inhabiting temperate and cold climates. However, our understanding of the natural variation and underlying molecular mechanisms of such life-history strategy remain largely limited to Brassicaceae model species. To address this gap, we investigated flowering time variation across a broad geographical and bioclimatic range in Fragaria vesca (woodland strawberry), a perennial herb from the Rosaceae family. We found that the timing of floral transition and subsequent flowering in F. vesca populations is primarily shaped by population structure, reflecting postglacial colonization patterns from distinct refugia, and is further modulated by adaptations to winter temperatures. The association of increasing expression of FvFT1, the strawberry ortholog of FLOWERING LOCUS T, with delayed flowering in accessions from diverse climatic and genetic backgrounds suggested FvFT1 as a major candidate gene regulating flowering time variation. We further demonstrated how distinct florigen and antiflorigen roles of FvFT1 are dependent on functional alleles of F. vesca TERMINAL FLOWER1 (FvTFL1) and how the epistatic relationship between FvFT1 and FvTFL1 controls adaptive flowering time variation by adjusting sensitivity to floral inductive photoperiod and vernalization. Our findings reveal a major molecular basis of how timing of floral transition has adapted to temperature in a Rosaceae model inhabiting multiple climatic zones and highlight lineage-specific adaptive mechanisms underlying convergent life-history strategy.

Enhancing Greenhouse Management: assessing Sensor Accuracy and Device Transmission in Strawberry Cultivation

2025-06-15
Samuel Zottis Dal Magro , José Luís Trevizan Chiomento , Willingthon Pavan +2 more | Scientia Plena
The large-scale use of water resources represents one of the drawbacks of horticulture specially the strawberry cultivation. Irrigation and management systems using IoT technologies have increasingly been used in agriculture, … The large-scale use of water resources represents one of the drawbacks of horticulture specially the strawberry cultivation. Irrigation and management systems using IoT technologies have increasingly been used in agriculture, presenting greater efficiency potential in water consumption, and productivity and quality of agricultural products. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an environmental monitoring system integrating data acquisition and transmission using LoRa technology, applied to strawberry cultivation under greenhouse conditions. The accuracy of the data through sensors and the accuracy rate of sending the data were evaluated. The sensor STH20 was compared with a weather station and the DS18b20 with geothermometers. The accuracy rate of sending data was analyzed for its efficiency, the packages sent fewer acknowledge messages (confirmation uplink). The SHT20 sensor showed no significant difference in relation to the air temperature data collected, only in relation to relative humidity due to the lack of protection of the sensor. The DS18b20 sensors also showed accuracy for measuring substrate temperature compared with geothermometers. The proposed LoRa technology system presented an accurate data-sending effectiveness rate about the environment in which the devices were inserted and their hardware configuration. The system can be used in greenhouse production system as management improvement strategy in consonance with global development objectives.

Metric vectors of vitality of coenopopulations of diploid species of the genus Fragaria L. in Siberia

2025-06-14
А. А. Харченко , V. A. Marushevsky | VAVILOVIA
The current state of wild plant populations is of particular interest because it provides data necessary both for preserving the gene pool and for identifying adaptive responses for subsequent use … The current state of wild plant populations is of particular interest because it provides data necessary both for preserving the gene pool and for identifying adaptive responses for subsequent use in breeding. The study was aimed at assessing the vitality of coenopopulations of two diploid species of the genus Fragaria L. – F. viridis (Duchesne) Weston and F. vesca L. growing in Southern Siberia in different ecological conditions. The study of coenopopulations vitality has been carried out using the gradient analysis method and the index of vitality of coenopopulation (IVC). We assessed the vitality of 35 coenopopulations, identified favorable and negative ecological and phytocoenotic growing conditions for both species. The ecological plasticity of the species F. viridis was assessed. The affiliation of each species to an ecological group depending on the moisture factor was revealed. The obtained research results expand knowledge about the biomorphometric characteristics of the species of the genus Fragaria L.

Sapindus mukorossi ‘Jiangwanfen’: A New Cultivar of Flowering Soapberry Tree

2025-06-13
Guochun Zhao , Jiming Liu , Yulin Zheng +7 more | HortScience

Chromosome-level genome assembly of cultivated strawberry ‘Seolhyang’ (Fragaria × ananassa)

2025-06-13
Hyeondae Han , Yoon Jeong Jang , Koeun Han +4 more | Scientific Data
Cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) belongs to the family Rosaceae and is an allo-octoploid species (2n = 8× = 56). Using PacBio Revio long reads of 'Seolhyang', we completed telomere-to-telomere … Cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) belongs to the family Rosaceae and is an allo-octoploid species (2n = 8× = 56). Using PacBio Revio long reads of 'Seolhyang', we completed telomere-to-telomere phased genome assemblies with a size of 797 Mb with a contig N50 of 27.04 Mb. Benchmarking of the universal single-copy orthologs (BUSCO) analysis detected 99.1% conserved genes in the assembly. In addition, the average long terminal repeat assembly index (LAI) was 17.28, with high genome continuity. In this study, we identified 50 of the possible 56 telomeres across 28 chromosomes. The 'Seolhyang' genome was annotated using RNA-Seq data representing various F. × ananassa tissues from the NCBI sequence read archive, which resulted in 129,184 genes.

The effect of non-chemically disinfected cropping systems on the yield and quality of six strawberry cultivars compared to conventional system

2025-06-12
M.T. Ariza , C. Soria , Luís Miranda +4 more | Journal of Berry Research
Background Conventional strawberry production in Europe relies on chemical soil fumigation to mitigate the negative effects of soilborne pathogens prevalent in production areas such as Huelva (Spain). Considering the restrictions … Background Conventional strawberry production in Europe relies on chemical soil fumigation to mitigate the negative effects of soilborne pathogens prevalent in production areas such as Huelva (Spain). Considering the restrictions imposed by European policies on the use of chemicals, the adoption of alternative non-chemically disinfected cropping systems has become an efficient way. Objective To ascertain the effectiveness of non-chemically disinfected cropping systems compared to conventional system. Methods Yield and fruit quality of six strawberry cultivars were evaluated under two cropping systems: non-chemically disinfected cropping systems by solarization, organic and soilless compared with conventional system currently used in Huelva. Results The cultivation system and the cultivars influenced variations in yield (early and total fruit production and plant size) and fruit quality (firmness, soluble solids content and acidity) variables. All cultivars performed better in the conventional system. In biosolarized, organic and soilless systems, yield was lower than in conventional system. Biosolarization was the most suitable system for achieving acceptable yields and quality fruit for most strawberry cultivars which were used in this investigation. Conclusions The results showed that all the four cultivation systems still need be optimized and there is some room for further improvement; in this sense, the soilless system could be a promising alternative in the near future in Huelva. In general, ‘Rociera’ and ‘Primavera’ showed the highest average yield per plant, while ‘Calinda’ stood out for its organoleptic fruit quality, underscoring the importance of cultivar choice for achieving high production and quality.

Metabolic and Transcriptional Variation on Strawberry Fruit in Response to <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Infection and Fruit Ripening

2025-06-12
Chenyang Xu , Shuzhi Yuan , Xiaoru Kang +5 more | ACS Agricultural Science & Technology

How to Differentiate between Causes of Strawberry Plant Damage: Chilli Thrips, Spider Mites, Foliar Nematodes, or Phytotoxicity from Herbicides?

2025-06-06
Lovely Adhikary , Sriyanka Lahiri , Nathan S. Boyd +1 more | EDIS
This publication aims to provide information on how to differentiate damage caused by chilli thrips, spider mites, foliar nematodes, and phytotoxicity due to herbicide application on strawberry plants. The symptomology … This publication aims to provide information on how to differentiate damage caused by chilli thrips, spider mites, foliar nematodes, and phytotoxicity due to herbicide application on strawberry plants. The symptomology of these pests and the effects of phytotoxicity from herbicides can look similar, especially when microscopic pests are involved. Correctly identifying the cause behind each damage symptom is essential. The intended audience of this article is strawberry growers, crop scouts, Extension agents, and industry personnel working on improved production and management of strawberries.

Genetic variability and character interrelationships in Strawberry germplasm (Fragaria ananassa. Duch) using Principal Component Analysis and Mahalanobis D² Statistics

2025-06-03
Pawandeep Singh , Amardeep Kour | Research Square (Research Square)
<title>Abstract</title> The cultivated strawberry (<italic>Fragaria × ananassa</italic>) is a dicotyledonous, octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) perennial herbaceous plant grown globally. In this study, 20 genotypes were evaluated for key … <title>Abstract</title> The cultivated strawberry (<italic>Fragaria × ananassa</italic>) is a dicotyledonous, octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) perennial herbaceous plant grown globally. In this study, 20 genotypes were evaluated for key morphological and yield-related traits. Significant phenotypic variation was observed, indicating substantial potential for selection and genetic improvement. For all traits, phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) exceeded genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV), suggesting environmental influence on trait expression. The highest PCV (39.13%) and GCV (38.94%) were recorded for fruit yield per plant. Fruit diameter exhibited the highest heritability (H² = 99.86%), while fruit yield per plant showed the greatest genetic advance (132.42) and genetic gain (79.85%), indicating additive gene action and effectiveness of selection. Fruit yield was positively and significantly correlated with fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, and berry weight at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. Principal component analysis explained 73.48% of total variability, with PC1 and PC2 contributing 28.40% and 15.90%, respectively. Mahalanobis D² analysis grouped genotypes into three distinct clusters, with maximum divergence between Cluster I and III. Crosses between genetically distant clusters are recommended to exploit heterosis and enhance genetic diversity. The observed variability offers valuable potential for breeding and hybridization programs.

How Deficit Irrigation and Salicylic Acid Treatments Affect Plant Growth and Fruit Production in Summer–Fall Production of ‘San Andreas’ Strawberry

2025-06-01
Muhammad Ghaleb Dakheel , Izhar Ullah , Derviş Emre Doğan +2 more | Deleted Journal

Changes in Bioactive and Physicochemical Composition of Rubus During Three Developmental Stages

2025-05-31
Naseh Nisar , Sajad Mohd Wani , Iqra Bashir +6 more | Plant Foods for Human Nutrition

Control effect of four commercial natural enemy species against &lt;i&gt;Frankliniella intonsa&lt;/i&gt; in forcing strawberry cultivation after the spring season

2025-05-31
Ryohei Nakano , Haruki Katayama , Ryosuke Sone | Annual Report of The Kansai Plant Protection Society

The full-length transcriptome analysis of blueberry under different pH conditions

2025-05-30
Cheng Liu , Xin Wei , Yuchun Yang +3 more | BMC Plant Biology

Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes

2025-05-30
Akbar Karami , Vahid Abdossi , Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi +1 more | Frontiers in Plant Science
Foliar spraying of polyamines, such as putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd), has been shown to improve plant and fruit yield. However, the optimal time for spraying these polyamines is still … Foliar spraying of polyamines, such as putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd), has been shown to improve plant and fruit yield. However, the optimal time for spraying these polyamines is still uncertain. The present study was conducted to evaluate plant growth, stomatal parameters, and biochemical attributes of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) under Put and Spd application at various spraying times. Plants received spray treatments with doses of 0.5 and 1 mM of Put and Spd during bloom, fruit development, and ripening stages. According to the findings, both Put and Spd enhanced fruit and plant yield, although Put had a greater effect. The best timing to apply foliar spraying was observed during the fruit development stage. In plants sprayed at the fruit development stage, Put at 1 mM led to increased plant height (11%), SPAD value (17%), fruit yield (80%), fruit firmness (34%), anthocyanin (31%), total phenolic content (TPC, 14%), total flavonoid content (TFC, 35%), stomatal length (45%), stomatal width (40%), nitrogen (N, 43%), phosphorous (P, 21%), and potassium (K, 18%), but decreased antioxidant capacity (IC50, 36%) and stomatal density (19%) relative to the control. In response to the management for bloom, fruit development, and ripening stages, fruit yield in plants sprayed with Put at 1 mM increased by 55, 80, and 64%, respectively. Heat map analysis revealed the maximum variability among traits associated with fruit yield under the treatments. The research suggests that strategic foliar application of Put and Spd at specific growth stages can enhance blueberry yield and quality, with the fruit development stage showing promising results.

‘UC Surfline’, a Short-day Strawberry Cultivar with High Early and Sustained Yields

2025-05-30
Steven J. Knapp , Glenn S. Cole , Dominique D. A. Pincot +2 more | HortScience

Insights into the Underlying Mechanism of the Piriformospora indica-Enhanced Drought Tolerance in Blueberry

2025-05-29
Yongyan Zhang , Pengyan Qu , Junke Zhang +3 more | Horticulturae
Piriformospora/Serendipita indica has been frequently proved to play a crucial role in enhancing plant adaptation to environmental stresses. However, its influence on blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) drought tolerance has not yet … Piriformospora/Serendipita indica has been frequently proved to play a crucial role in enhancing plant adaptation to environmental stresses. However, its influence on blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) drought tolerance has not yet been studied. Here, we reported that P. indica colonization can significantly enhance the drought tolerance of blueberry. Physio-biochemical parameter determination results showed that, compared to non-colonized controls (CK), P. indica-colonized (PI) plants exhibited higher leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, photosynthetic capacity, biomass and root antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase), while also exhibiting lower root malondialdehyde content under drought stress (DS). To explore the underlying mechanism, comparative root transcriptome analysis of well-watered (WW) and DS-treated CK and PI blueberry plants was conducted. In total, we identified 14,587 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across CK-WW vs. CK-DS, PI-WW vs. PI-DS, CK-WW vs. PI-WW and CK-DS vs. PI-DS comparisons. Under DS, stress-, metabolism- and regulation-related DEGs were overwhelmingly upregulated in PI, while being downregulated in CK. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis categorized DEGs into four modules. Of them, the MEblack module was significantly correlated with the PI-DS group, with DEGs enriched in the cell wall macromolecule catabolic process, carbohydrate metabolic process, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and so on. Several defense-related genes, including four thaumatin family proteins, were identified as hub genes of this module. DEGs in the MEblue module were expressed at the highest level in CK-DS, followed by in PI-DS. Hub genes of the MEblue module included DEG-encoding lipid transfer protein, abscisic stress ripening protein, and so on. This study demonstrates that P. indica enhances blueberry drought tolerance by enhancing antioxidant ability and mediating the expression of genes related to stress, carbohydrate and secondary metabolism, and cell wall metabolism.

‘UC Monarch’, a Short-day Strawberry Cultivar with a Compact Plant Habit and Long Fruit Trusses Designed To Improve Harvest Speed and Efficiency

2025-05-28
Glenn S. Cole , Steven J. Knapp , Dominique D. A. Pincot +2 more | HortScience

Quality Responses of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) Fruits to Exogenous Gibberellic Acid Applications Under Protected Condition

2025-05-27
Bishal Shrestha , Kalyani Mishra Tripathi , Arjun Kumar Shrestha +1 more
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the qualitative traits of strawberry varieties as influenced by GA3 applications in Bharatpur-11, Chitwan Nepal. The experiment was laid out in two factorial … A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the qualitative traits of strawberry varieties as influenced by GA3 applications in Bharatpur-11, Chitwan Nepal. The experiment was laid out in two factorial RCBD comprising 3 strawberry varieties as Factor A i.e. Winter Dawn, Sweet Sensation, and Florida Beauty, and five concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) i.e. Control, 50 ppm, 75 ppm, 100 ppm, and 125 ppm as Factor B replicated 4 times. The physicochemical analyses revealed that the maximum TSS (8.65 °Brix) was observed in the variety Florida Beauty and the minimum TSS (7.03 °Brix) was recorded in the variety Winter Dawn. Similarly, the maximum TSS (8.62 °Brix) was observed in plants treated with 100 ppm GA3 and the minimum TSS (7.34 °Brix) was recorded in plants treated with 125 ppm GA3. A higher amount of antioxidants (71.10%) was observed in the variety Sweet Sensation and a minimum in the variety Winter Dawn (67.02%) while the maximum antioxidants (74.45%) were recorded in fruits obtained from plants treated with 100 ppm and the minimum amount of antioxidants (64.32%) was observed in fruits obtained from control. This study revealed the application of 100 ppm GA3 was found to be better in all nutritional characteristics of strawberry varieties in protected conditions.

Timing of Far-red Light Exposure Influences Growth, Fruit Quality, and Nutrient Uptake in June-bearing Strawberry

2025-05-27
Fraidoon Karimi , David A. Claypool
Studies have successfully shown that additional far-red (FR) light can induce earlier flowering in strawberries ( Fragaria ×ananassa ). However, our understanding of the optimal plant growth phase for applying … Studies have successfully shown that additional far-red (FR) light can induce earlier flowering in strawberries ( Fragaria ×ananassa ). However, our understanding of the optimal plant growth phase for applying FR light remains incomplete. To optimize the appropriate time of FR light application, the June-bearing strawberry ‘Keepsake’ was irradiated at different growth phases with supplemental FR light at 43.2 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 at a peak wavelength of 730 nm. The treatments were FR light applied from transplanting to harvest (FR++); FR light applied for the first 40 days after transplanting (FR+−); FR light applied from 40 days after transplanting to harvest (FR−+); and natural light only (FR− −). Supplemental FR light (FR++ and FR+−) elongated the petiole and caused a steep leaf angle, resulting in an extended canopy height. While the dry biomass of the plants remained unaffected, the plants receiving FR light during the initial growth phase (FR++ and FR+−) showed a reduction in leaf area compared with those receiving natural light only or FR light 40 days after transplanting. Far-red light caused early flowering and earlier fruit output; however, this benefit was outweighed by reduced fruit diameter. Plants that received FR light 40 days later produced larger fruits, and they were on par with FR− −. Far-red light timing affected nutrient concentration in plant foliage. Plants subjected to FR light in their early growth phase had lower calcium and magnesium levels while demonstrating elevated iron levels. Manganese concentration was lower in plants exposed to continuous FR light. Therefore, applying FR light during the latter growth phase under natural light conditions may be advantageous in some June-bearing strawberry cultivars.

Synergizing genetic algorithms and neural networks to decode mineral-antioxidant dynamics in black-raspberry

2025-05-26
Mostafa Farajpour

Enhancing Hydroponic Strawberry Cultivation: Optimizing Water Consumption for Sustainable Yield, Quality and Resource Efficiency

2025-05-25
Seyed Mohammad Alavi , Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi Garmdareh , Yahya Selahvarzi +1 more
ABSTRACT Hydroponic cultivation requires proper fertigation management to avoid over‐fertigation and environmental damage. This 2‐year study evaluated the effects of full irrigation, partial root‐zone drying (PRD) and sustained deficit irrigation … ABSTRACT Hydroponic cultivation requires proper fertigation management to avoid over‐fertigation and environmental damage. This 2‐year study evaluated the effects of full irrigation, partial root‐zone drying (PRD) and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) on hydroponic strawberry cultivation to optimize water and fertilizer use. In the first year, various irrigation and fertilizer levels were tested, and on the basis of these results, the second year focused on full and half irrigation with different nutrient solution concentrations. This study evaluated plant morphology, physiochemical traits (e.g., chlorophyll, phenolics, and electrolyte leakage) and fruit quality (TSS/TA and L/D ratio) while calculating irrigation water productivity and biomass water use efficiency (WUE). Nutrient element contents were measured in the substrate and leaves. The second‐year results indicated that irrigation treatments significantly influenced fruit quality and yield. The PRD, which was fertigated with a half‐pot capacity (PRD2), was the best approach because it does not reduce nutrients, preserves substrate health and reduces fertigation by 50%. PRD2 is a drought resistance strategy that reduces vegetative growth and leaf surface area, leading to increased yield and improved berry quality. Additionally, these findings suggest that fertigation adjustments can improve plant stress resistance. These results demonstrate the potential for scalable and sustainable hydroponic strawberry production, offering practical applications for water‐efficient agriculture in resource‐limited environments.

Influence of Mulching and Fertigation on Morphological and Quality Attributes of Strawberry

2025-05-24
Priya Meena , Mahaveer Suman , Deva Ram Meghawal
The study used Randomized Block Design, which is a type of experimental design that helps investigate the effects of few factors simultaneously. The treatments comprising different mulches and fertigation viz. … The study used Randomized Block Design, which is a type of experimental design that helps investigate the effects of few factors simultaneously. The treatments comprising different mulches and fertigation viz. four types of mulching (black polythene, white polythene and 5 cm thick rice husk mulch) and three levels of fertigation (50%, 75% and 100% RDF through fertigation) and control. Among the various levels of fertigation and different types of mulches,maximum plant height, plant spread, plant weight (fresh and dry),fruit length, fruit width,fresh and dry fruit weight, maximum TSS, TSS/acid ratio, total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, ascorbic acid content, juice content and anthocyanin content was recorded in treatment Black polythene +100% RDF through fertigation. This aligns with the well-established understanding that both mulches and fertigation are critical factors in regulating the morphology and quality parameters of strawberry.