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Medical History and Research

Works Count: 62855

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This cluster of papers explores the history, impact, and ethical implications of the eugenics movement, particularly during the Nazi era. It delves into topics such as genetics, race hygiene, medical ethics, sterilization, anatomy, social reform, and psychiatry. The papers provide insights into the dark legacy of eugenics and its lasting effects on society.

Keywords

Eugenics; Nazi Era; Genetics; Race Hygiene; Medical Ethics; Sterilization; Anatomy; Social Reform; Psychiatry; Ethical Lessons

Eugenic nation: faults and frontiers of better breeding in modern America

2006-05-01

Alexandra Minna Stern

List of Illustrations Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations Introduction 1. Race Betterment and Tropical Medicine in Imperial San Francisco 2. Quarantine and Eugenic Gatekeeping on the U.S.-Mexican Border 3. Instituting Eugenics … List of Illustrations Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations Introduction 1. Race Betterment and Tropical Medicine in Imperial San Francisco 2. Quarantine and Eugenic Gatekeeping on the U.S.-Mexican Border 3. Instituting Eugenics in California 4. California's Eugenic Landscapes 5. Centering Eugenics on the Family 6. Contesting Hereditarianism: Reassessing the 1960s Epilogue Notes Bibliography Index

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics

2010-09-24

Alison Bashford , Philippa Levine

Abstract The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics covers the nineteenth century to the post-World War II era and dispels for uninitiated readers the automatic and apparently exclusive link … Abstract The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics covers the nineteenth century to the post-World War II era and dispels for uninitiated readers the automatic and apparently exclusive link between eugenics and the Holocaust. It provides a world history of eugenics. Eugenic thought and practice swept the world from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century in a remarkable transnational phenomenon. Eugenics informed social and scientific policy across the political spectrum, from liberal welfare measures in emerging social-democratic states to feminist ambitions for birth control, from public health campaigns to totalitarian dreams of the “perfectibility of man.” Eugenics has accumulated generations of interest as experts attempted to connect biology, human capacity, and policy. In the past and the present, eugenics speaks to questions of race, class, gender and sex, evolution, governance, nationalism, disability, and the social implications of science. In the current climate, in which the human genome project, stem cell research, and new reproductive technologies have proven so controversial, the history of eugenics has much to teach us about the relationship between scientific research, technology, and human ethical decision-making.

Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on black Americans from Colonial times to the present

2007-06-01

Harriet A Washington

“Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present” is a comprehensive history of medical and related abuses of African Americans. In … “Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present” is a comprehensive history of medical and related abuses of African Americans. In some episodes, the exploitation is not specifically of African Americans, but more generally of the socially and economically disadvantaged. However, black victims may not take much comfort from this distinction.

War against the weak: eugenics and America's campaign to create a master race

2004-04-01

Edwin Black

Genetics is in the news. What is not in the news are its origins in a racist twentieth century pseudoscience called eugenics, which was based on selective breeding. In 1904, … Genetics is in the news. What is not in the news are its origins in a racist twentieth century pseudoscience called eugenics, which was based on selective breeding. In 1904, the United States launched a large-scale eugenics movement that was championed by the medical, political and religious elite. History has recorded the horrors of ethnic cleansing, but until now, America's own efforts to create a master race have been largely overlooked. In War Against The Weak, investigative journalist, Edwin Black, reveals that eugenics had an incredible foothold in America in the early twentieth century, and was in fact championed and funded by America's social, political, and academic elite. Even more shocking, Black traces the flow of ideas, research, and money from Cold Spring Harbor (Long Island) to Germany, in the process proving that it was America's eugenics programme that gave Hitler the scientific justification to escalate his virulent anti-Semitism into all-out genocide.

The rôle of frontier america in the development of cesarean section

1932-12-01

Nicholson J. Eastman

Development of the Human Jaws and Surrounding Structures from Birth to the Age of Fifteen Years**From the Research Department of the Chicago College of Dental Surgery, Dental Department of Loyola University.Read at the Third General Meeting of the Seventy-Fourth Annual Session of the American Dental Association, Buffalo, N. Y., Sept. 14, 1932.

1933-03-01

William H.G. Logan , Rudolf Kronfeld

The physician Rudolf Kronfeld (1901–1940) is undoubtedly one of the pioneering and most influential representatives of modern histopathology and oral pathology. Already at a young age he became a protagonist … The physician Rudolf Kronfeld (1901–1940) is undoubtedly one of the pioneering and most influential representatives of modern histopathology and oral pathology. Already at a young age he became a protagonist of the renowned, internationally leading "Vienna School".Kronfeld's outstanding professional significance stands in a peculiar contrast to the research situation to date: His curriculum vitae, but also his family background – and here in particular the fate of his family members in the Third Reich – have received little attention so far.Thus, the present study attempts to shed light on Kronfeld's life and work and, in particular, the complex implications of his Jewish background. It is based on archival sources and a systematic re-analysis of the relevant specialist literature.The analysis demonstrates that Kronfeld's early emigration was driven in part by the anti-Semitism that was tangible in Vienna in the 1920s. The last years of his life were considerably burdened by a serious illness and by repressive experiences which his Jewish family members and companions underwent after the "Anschluss" of Austria into Nazi Germany. Both essential events presumably contributed significantly to Kronfeld's sudden suicide in 1940, at the height of his professional success.

STERILIZED in the Name of Public Health

2005-06-28

Alexandra Minna Stern

In exploring the history of involuntary sterilization in California, I connect the approximately 20,000 operations performed on patients in state institutions between 1909 and 1979 to the federally funded procedures … In exploring the history of involuntary sterilization in California, I connect the approximately 20,000 operations performed on patients in state institutions between 1909 and 1979 to the federally funded procedures carried out at a Los Angeles County hospital in the early 1970s. Highlighting the confluence of factors that facilitated widespread sterilization abuse in the early 1970s, I trace prosterilization arguments predicated on the protection of public health. This historical overview raises important questions about the legacy of eugenics in contemporary California and relates the past to recent developments in health care delivery and genetic screening.

Obstetrical-gynecological eponyms: Fritz Brenner and Brenner tumors of the ovary

1956-03-01

Harold Speert

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Obstetrical-Gynecological eponyms: Ernst Wertheim and his operation for uterine cancer

1956-09-01

Harold Speert

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Cultural Locations of Disability

2007-05-14

Sharon L. Snyder , David Mitchell

In their book Cultural Locations of Disability they trace how disabled people came to be looked upon as biologically deviant.Using the eugenic period as a starting point they examine cultural … In their book Cultural Locations of Disability they trace how disabled people came to be looked upon as biologically deviant.Using the eugenic period as a starting point they examine cultural spaces that have been developed exclusively on behalf of disabled people.Included in their understanding of cultural spaces are locations like the 19th century charity systems, institutions for the feebleminded (during the eugenics period), sheltered workshops for the ''multi-handicapped'', documentary film representations of disability and current academic trends in research on disability.Snyder and Mitchell argue that the social production of human variance as deviance (from an empirical norm) places disabled people in significant jeopardy.The modern obsession with order and tidiness and our desire to attain perfect bodies constantly produces images of disabled people as living examples of what is imperfect.They continue to illustrate how disability discourses and practises are important as examples of how our society has infused different modes of social obedience Á a transition from a historical period (eugenic period) where instrumental techniques were applied to a period (the present) where self-policing and regulation of the self prevails.The book is divided into three parts.In the first part the authors address eugenics, the making of a US disability minority and what they call the Eugenic Atlantic Á disability and the making of an international science.Drawing on the work of scholars such as Henry Friedlander (1997) and Robert Lifton (2000) the authors illustrate how the cultural (dis)location of disabled people was closely linked to an idea of social prophylactic against members of society who were imagined to endanger the racial ''stock'' from the inside.This was an ideology directly responsible for the sterilisation and then the medical killings of hundreds of thousands of disabled people in Europe during the period of 1938Á1945.In part two Snyder and Mitchell examine the echoes of eugenics Á primarily by looking into (US) contemporary institutions.

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THE USE OF MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS IN TAXONOMIC PROBLEMS

1936-09-01

Ronald Aylmer Fisher

The articles published by the Annals of Eugenics (1925–1954) have been made available online as an historical archive intended for scholarly use. The work of eugenicists was often pervaded by … The articles published by the Annals of Eugenics (1925–1954) have been made available online as an historical archive intended for scholarly use. The work of eugenicists was often pervaded by prejudice against racial, ethnic and disabled groups. The online publication of this material for scholarly research purposes is not an endorsement of those views nor a promotion of eugenics in any way.

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"WORD-BLINDNESS" IN SCHOOL CHILDREN

1925-11-01

Samuel T. Orton

The material included in this preliminary report has come from several sources but was assembled chiefly during an experimental clinic held by members of the Iowa State Psychopathic Hospital Staff … The material included in this preliminary report has come from several sources but was assembled chiefly during an experimental clinic held by members of the Iowa State Psychopathic Hospital Staff in Greene County, Iowa, in January, 1925. Among those children who were reported to the clinic by their teachers as "dull, subnormal, or failing or retarded in school work" was a fairly high proportion whose chief difficulty was in learning to read. Two of these would fit Hinshelwood's criteria of true "congenital word-blindness," and one of these two cases (M. P.) also gave bizarre written productions. Because of his striking disability, M. P. was admitted to the State Psychopathic Hospital, and his case was there studied more thoroughly than was possible in the clinic. The results of this study are here reported in full. Observations suggesting an explanation of one of the factors in this case are recorded from other

Franz Kaspar Hasselbach (1759–1816)

2008-04-01

Akhilesh Kumar Agarwal , Ramanuj Mukherjee

BIRTH WEIGHT AND GESTATION TIME IN RELATION TO MATERNAL AGE, PARITY AND INFANT SURVIVAL

1951-01-01

MARY N. KARN , L. S. PENROSE

This study examined birthweight and gestation time in relationship to maternal age, parity, and infant survival in 13,730 (7037 male, 6693 female) births at an obstetric hospital in 1935-46. Preliminary … This study examined birthweight and gestation time in relationship to maternal age, parity, and infant survival in 13,730 (7037 male, 6693 female) births at an obstetric hospital in 1935-46. Preliminary analysis of the data indicated that nonsurvivors were significantly lighter at birth with shorter mean gestation times and older maternal ages than survivors. Parity in the 2 groups was similar. When infants who died in the 1st 28 days of life were excluded, the association between birthweight and parity was significant. Children of the 1st 3 parities showed a definite decrease in weight with increasing maternal age, but this effect was not present in higher parities. Mean gestation times were shorter by 1-2 days for parities 5 and above. Parabolas gave a good fit to the logarithm of odds on survival for a given birthweight. Survival was greatest among infants in the 7.5-8.5 lb weight group, which was close to the mean value. A 275-89 day gestation period was associated with the highest rates of infant survival, with periods under 260 days less favorable than periods of 305 days or more. The articla also provides tables for estimating infant survival for given weights and gestation times.

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Textbook of Rheumatology

1981-08-28

John H. Talbott

Students of internal medicine have enjoyed the publication of a truly great textbook in their field in each quarter of the current century. William Osier, in 1892, published a revolutionary … Students of internal medicine have enjoyed the publication of a truly great textbook in their field in each quarter of the current century. William Osier, in 1892, published a revolutionary new text,The Principles and Practice of Medicine. This was based on the imaginative planning of a new curriculum for students and house staff, a template for medical education at the recently planned Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical School in Baltimore. It was founded on advances in medical science, especially bacteriology, during the preceding decades. Osler listed no contributors or co-editors in his book. It was a solo but important academic effort; it remained the standard for decades and enjoyed innumerable editions, even a resurrection as recently as 1972. More than a quarter of a century after the initial edition of Osler, Russell L. Cecil of New York published hisTextbook of Medicinein 1927 with the help of more

V. Dr. Walter Schiller

1998-10-01

John G. Gruhn , Lawrence M. Roth

Department of Pathology. Rush Medical College (J.G.G.). Chicago, Illinois, and the Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine (L.M.R.), Indianapolis. Indiana. U.S.A. †Dr. Gruhn is now deceased. Department of Pathology. Rush Medical College (J.G.G.). Chicago, Illinois, and the Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine (L.M.R.), Indianapolis. Indiana. U.S.A. †Dr. Gruhn is now deceased.

Jewish gynecologists in Germany in the first half of the twentieth century

2005-08-06

Udo Rudloff , H. Ludwig

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SOME EXAMPLES OF DISCRIMINATION

1946-01-01

Cedric A. B. Smith

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THE STATISTICAL UTILIZATION OF MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS

1938-08-01

R. A. Fisher

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A Tale of Two Experts: Thalidomide and Political Engagement in the United States and West Germany

2002-04-01

Arthur Daemmrich

The physicians, Widukind Lenz and Frances Kelsey, played crucial roles in the thalidomide drama of the early 1960s. Widespread use of the drug in West Germany was only halted when … The physicians, Widukind Lenz and Frances Kelsey, played crucial roles in the thalidomide drama of the early 1960s. Widespread use of the drug in West Germany was only halted when the paediatrician, Lenz, publicized its association with the birth of nearly 4,000 children exhibiting abnormal limb growth. Few cases were reported in the United States because Kelsey, a medical officer at the US Food and Drug Administration, repeatedly delayed thalidomide's marketing approval. Experts in both countries were expected to demonstrate publicly the professional 'objectivity' of medicine and the institutional 'disinterestedness' of regulatory bodies. These norms were invoked both by industry representatives seeking to undermine the two experts and by critics desiring stronger regulatory controls. Comparing Lenz and Kelsey demonstrates how institutional structures shape an expert's social and scientific roles. While the United States provided important protection from external pressure for Kelsey through her regulatory position at the FDA, Lenz was open to sharp criticism, especially when giving expert testimony during a lengthy court trial. The degree of exposure to politically motivated attacks differed for these two experts; they nevertheless faced similar threats to their professional credibility and personal integrity when they publicized links between thalidomide and birth defects.

THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE CURE OF CANCER OF THE BREAST PERFORMED AT THE JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL FROM JUNE, 1889, TO JANUARY, 1894

1894-07-01

W. S. Halsted

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THE FIDUCIAL ARGUMENT IN STATISTICAL INFERENCE

1935-12-01

Ronald Aylmer Fisher

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THE GENETICAL STRUCTURE OF POPULATIONS

1949-01-01

Sewall Wright

THE WAVE OF ADVANCE OF ADVANTAGEOUS GENES

1937-06-01

Ronald Aylmer Fisher

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THE LIFE HISTORY CALENDAR: A RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR COLLECTING RETROSPECTIVE EVENT‐HISTORY DATA

1996-07-01

Avshalom Caspi , Terrie E. Moffitt , Arland Thornton +5 more

THE ESTIMATION OF MAP DISTANCES FROM RECOMBINATION VALUES

1943-01-01

D. D. Kosambi

Informed consent in human experimentation before the Nuremberg code

1996-12-07

Jochen Vollmann , Rolf Winau

Mesenchymal stromal cells have emerged as potential candidates for cell-based therapies to modulate the immune response in organ transplantation and repair tissues after acute or chronic injury. Preclinical studies have … Mesenchymal stromal cells have emerged as potential candidates for cell-based therapies to modulate the immune response in organ transplantation and repair tissues after acute or chronic injury. Preclinical studies have shown convincingly in rodent models that mesenchymal stromal cells can prolong solid organ graft survival and that they can induce immune tolerance, accelerate recovery from AKI, and promote functional improvement in chronic nephropathies. Multiple complex properties of the cells, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and proregenerative effects, seem to contribute. The promising preclinical studies have encouraged investigators to explore the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cell–based therapy in pilot clinical trials, including those for bone marrow and solid organ transplantation, autoimmune diseases, and tissue and organ repair. Here, we review the available data on culture-expanded mesenchymal stromal cells tested in renal transplantation, AKI, and CKD. We also briefly discuss the relevant issues that must be addressed to ensure rigorous assessment of the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cell therapies to allow the translation of this research into the practice of clinical nephrology.

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Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945

1990-05-01

Marilyn Shevin Coetzee , Paul Weindling

Introduction: science and social cohesion 1. Social Darwinism 2. Between utopianism and racial hygiene 3. From hygiene to family welfare 4. Struggle for survival, the 1914-1918 war 5. Revolution and … Introduction: science and social cohesion 1. Social Darwinism 2. Between utopianism and racial hygiene 3. From hygiene to family welfare 4. Struggle for survival, the 1914-1918 war 5. Revolution and racial reconstruction 6. Weimar eugenics 7. The sick bed of democracy, 1929-32 8. Nazi racial hygiene 9. Eugenics and German politics.

Obstetrical-gynecological eponyms: Friedrich Krukenberg and ovarian tumors

1955-01-01

Harold Speert

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In the Name of Eugenics

1987-09-01

P. S Harper

Book reviews of unexpected and prolonged scoline apnoea due to inherited deficiency of cholinesterase.There is also quite a long chapter which provides a comprehensive account of other causes of decreased … Book reviews of unexpected and prolonged scoline apnoea due to inherited deficiency of cholinesterase.There is also quite a long chapter which provides a comprehensive account of other causes of decreased and also increased plasma cholinesterase activity which may lead to confusion in the accurate diagnosis of the genetic defect.

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Ignaz Semmelweis, Carl Mayrhofer, and the rise of germ theory

1985-01-01

K Codell Carter

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' … An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.

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The Incubator and the Medical Discovery of the Premature Infant

2000-07-01

Jeffrey P. Baker

Werner and Ingbar's The Thyroid

1997-10-01

Donald A. Meier

Powellʼs Pearls: Heinrich Martius, MD (1885–1965)

2009-05-01

John L. Powell

From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Coastal Area Health Education Center, Wilmington, North Carolina. Reprints: John L. Powell, MD, FACOG, FACS, Department of Obstetrics … From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Coastal Area Health Education Center, Wilmington, North Carolina. Reprints: John L. Powell, MD, FACOG, FACS, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Coastal Area Health Education Center, 2131 South 17th Street, Wilmington, NC 28402-9025. E-mail: [email protected].

Rh—The Intimate History of a Disease and Its Conquest

1973-11-01

Harry A. Feldman

The development of the cystoscope. From "lichtleiter" to fiber optics.

1969-05-01

Scott Ww

Sleisenger and Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease

2015-07-12

edited by Mark Feldman , Lawrence S. Friedman , Lawrence J. Brandt

Stepchildren of nature: Krafft-Ebing, psychiatry, and the making of sexual identity

2001-04-01

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The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution

1997-02-01

Gordon R. Mork , Henry Friedlander

Tracing the rise of racist and eugenic ideologies, Henry Friedlander explores how the Nazi programme of secretly exterminating the handicapped and disabled evolved into the systematic destruction of Jews and … Tracing the rise of racist and eugenic ideologies, Henry Friedlander explores how the Nazi programme of secretly exterminating the handicapped and disabled evolved into the systematic destruction of Jews and Gypsies. He describes how the so-called euthanasia of the handicapped provided a practical model for the later mass murder, thereby initiating the Holocaust. The Nazi regime pursued the extermination of Jews, Gypsies and the handicapped based on a belief in the biological, and thus absolute, inferiority of those groups. To document the connection between the assault on the handicapped and the Final Solution, Friedlander shows how the legal restrictions and exclusionary policies of the 1930s, including mass sterilization, led to mass murder during the war. He also makes clear that the killing centres where the handicapped were gassed and cremated served as the models for the extermination camps. Based on extensive archival research, the book also analyzes the involvement of the German bureaucracy and judiciary, the participation of physicians and scientists, and the nature of popular opposition.

The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide

1986-01-01

Fritz Stern , Robert Jay Lifton

Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis.

1990-04-01

Henry Friedlander , Robert N. Proctor

Controlling human heredity: 1865 to the present

1996-05-01

In the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century, it was widely assumed that society ought to foster the breeding of those who possessed favourable traits and discourage the breeding … In the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century, it was widely assumed that society ought to foster the breeding of those who possessed favourable traits and discourage the breeding of those who did not. Controlled human breeding, 'eugenics' as it was labelled by Francis Galton, seemed only good common sense. How did eugenics come to exert such powerful and broad appeal? What events shaped its direction? Whose interests did it finally serve? Why did it fall into disrepute? Has it survived in other guises? These are some of the questions that Diane Paul sets out to answer - questions that have acquired a new urgency in light of developments in genetic medicine. The eugenics movement appeared to be dead - associated with race and class prejudice, in particular the crimes of the Third Reich - or was it just sleeping? Has eugenics returned in the guise of medical genetics? In the last decade, historians have come to understand that support for eugenics was diverse and tenacious, with most geneticists remaining enthusiasts through at least the 1930s. This new historiography emphasises eugenics' broad and persistent appeal and its close association with genetics. In Controlling Human Heredity, Professor Paul aims to bridge the gap between expert and lay understandings of the history of eugenics and thereby enrich the debate on the perplexing contemporary choices in genetics medicine.

Autobiography of Dr. Robert Meyer (1864-1947)

1950-01-01

NULL AUTHOR_ID

Difference and Pathology: Stereotypes of Sexuality, Race, and Madness

1986-06-01

Paul H. Robinson , Sander L. Grilman

In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity

1986-01-01

Christine M. Shea , Daniel J. Kevles

Health, race and German politics between national unification and Nazism, 1870-1945

1990-06-01

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Dostarlimab (Jemperli)

2025-06-24

CDA-AMC | Canadian Journal of Health Technologies

Canada’s Drug Agency (CDA-AMC) recommends that Jemperli in combination with carboplatin-paclitaxel be reimbursed for the treatment of adults with primary advanced or first recurrent endometrial cancer who are candidates for … Canada’s Drug Agency (CDA-AMC) recommends that Jemperli in combination with carboplatin-paclitaxel be reimbursed for the treatment of adults with primary advanced or first recurrent endometrial cancer who are candidates for systemic therapy, if certain conditions are met. Jemperli in combination with carboplatin-paclitaxel should only be covered to treat adult patients who have primary stage III or IV endometrial cancer, experienced a first disease recurrence and have not previously received systemic anticancer therapy for advanced disease, received previous systemic anticancer therapies before (neoadjuvant) or after (adjuvant) surgical removal of the tumour and experienced a first recurrence of disease at least 6 months after the completion of adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment, and are in relatively good health (as measured by performance status). Jemperli should only be reimbursed in combination with carboplatin-paclitaxel if prescribed by clinicians with expertise in advanced endometrial cancer. Treatment should be supervised and administered in institutions with expertise in systemic therapy delivery. The cost of Jemperli should be reduced.

Amit Varshizky, The Metaphysics of Race: Science and Faith in the Nazi Worldview (Routledge, London, New York, 2025)

2025-06-24

Răzvan Ciobanu | Philobiblon Transylvanian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Humanities

The “Diary of William Harvey” written by the father of modern Nephrology Jean Hamburger

2025-06-23

Giovanni B. Fogazzi , Béatrice Descamps‐Latscha , Carmine Zoccali | Journal of Nephrology

Gróf Festetics Imre a genetika bölcsőjénél

2025-06-23

Edit Oláh | Magyar Tudomány

2025-ben a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia alapításának bicentenáriumán 200 év kiemelkedő magyar tudósaira is emlékezünk. Jelen tanulmány megkésett tisztelgés Festetics Imre gróf (1764–1847), az örökléstan (genetika) történetének első magyar tudósa előtt, … 2025-ben a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia alapításának bicentenáriumán 200 év kiemelkedő magyar tudósaira is emlékezünk. Jelen tanulmány megkésett tisztelgés Festetics Imre gróf (1764–1847), az örökléstan (genetika) történetének első magyar tudósa előtt, aki 1819-ben közzétett korszaknyitó közleményeivel előkészítette a genetikatudomány megszületését Közép-Európában.

The Juke Sisters?

2025-06-20

Delwyn Blondell | Genealogy

The Jukes: A study in crime, pauperism, disease, and heredity became one of the most well-known eugenic family studies. The study was first published in 1877, based on the research … The Jukes: A study in crime, pauperism, disease, and heredity became one of the most well-known eugenic family studies. The study was first published in 1877, based on the research of R.L. Dugdale, and then reexamined by Arthur Estabrook with the support of the Eugenics Record Office in 1916. Taken together, the Juke family studies were used as evidence that generations of moral degenerates and criminals emerged when the ‘feeble-minded’ were allowed to ‘propagate’. This article reviews the story of the Jukes, including their true identities, and concludes that Dugdale did not adequately investigate the parents of the Juke sisters. Instead, he concocted a ‘family’ that lived in a location where relationships were complex. The research that followed only compounded these errors, as the political agenda of eugenics overrode scientific knowledge and ignored the poor quality of the original data.

Poor White People in the Eugenic Imagination

2025-06-19

Matt Wray | Cambridge University Press eBooks

Palestinian dermatology: exploring policies, challenges, and opportunities in fragile and conflict-affected settings

2025-06-12

Sari Taha | International Journal for Equity in Health

Socialist Health Internationalism at Home: East Germany’s Tropical Medicine between Anticolonialism, Medical Racism, and Shortages

2025-06-11

Luis Caspar Aue | European Journal for the History of Medicine and Health

Abstract Socialist health internationalism is increasingly examined as an anticolonial alternative for transnational medical cooperation. This paper investigates the domestic foundations of socialist health internationalism by analyzing the history of … Abstract Socialist health internationalism is increasingly examined as an anticolonial alternative for transnational medical cooperation. This paper investigates the domestic foundations of socialist health internationalism by analyzing the history of East Germany’s specialism in tropical medicine. Tropical medicine prepared East German workers and medical experts for going abroad, and examined and trained workers and medical students from the so-called ‘warm countries.’ The focus on the domestic foundations of socialist internationalism allows, firstly, for an exploration of the domestic drivers behind East Germany’s efforts to build a transnational network of tropical medicine specialists—partly responding to shortages in infectious disease expertise and pharmaceuticals. Secondly, the domestic lens uncovers long-term trajectories in medical knowledge production, tracing racialized medical thought and practices from colonial-era Germany into socialist tropical medicine. Thirdly, this focus indicates the central role of prevention for socialist health internationalism—focusing especially on maintaining the health of East Germans going abroad.

Die Psychiatrie-Enquete und ihre Wirkung im Spiegel von Oral History Interviews

2025-06-10

Felicitas Söhner , Heiner Fangerau | Das Gesundheitswesen

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag untersucht die Auswirkungen der Psychiatrie-Enquete von 1975 auf die psychiatrische Versorgung in Deutschland durch die Analyse von Oral History Interviews. Aus der Erinnerung von Zeitzeugen werden deren … Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag untersucht die Auswirkungen der Psychiatrie-Enquete von 1975 auf die psychiatrische Versorgung in Deutschland durch die Analyse von Oral History Interviews. Aus der Erinnerung von Zeitzeugen werden deren Perspektiven auf den Reformprozess um die Psychiatrie-Enquete und deren Wirkung rekonstruiert. Unser Ziel ist es, zu einem differenzierten Verständnis der Enquete und ihren komplexen Auswirkungen auf die psychiatrische Praxis und Reformdynamik beizutragen. Basierend auf 28 Interviews mit Akteuren der westdeutschen Psychiatrie werden Wahrnehmungen und Deutungsmuster der Beteiligten untersucht. Eine Sekundäranalyse von vorhandenen Interviews ermöglicht es, Aspekte der Enquete zu erfassen und neue Forschungsperspektiven zu entwickeln, unter Beachtung ethischer und datenschutzrechtlicher Standards. Es zeigt sich eine Spannung zwischen den literarisch dokumentierten Effekten der Enquete und den Erinnerungen der Zeitzeuginnen und Zeitzeugen. Während auf der einen Seite in den Erinnerungen die Enquete als bedeutende Zäsur im Reformprozess der Psychiatrie hervorgehoben wird, kritisieren rückblickend andere Stimmen Mängel in der Umsetzung der Enquete und der ihr folgenden Reformen. Hierzu gehören eine unzureichende Repräsentation bestimmter Akteursgruppen und eine mangelnde historische Reflexion. Obwohl die Interviews nicht gezielt die Auswirkungen der Psychiatrie-Enquete thematisieren, zeigen sie deren nachhaltigen Einfluss auf institutionelle und persönliche Entwicklungen. Im Rückblick wird die Enquete auch im Sinne eines Fortschrittsnarratives als zentraler Reformschritt in Westdeutschland in das professionelle Denken und Selbstbild der Befragten integriert.

Le Dr Diana Dan prend la présidence de la Société suisse de rhumatologie (SSR)

2025-06-10

Andrea Rubbert-Roth | Deleted Journal

The Rise of Eugenics and American Anthropology

2025-06-09

Michael L. Blakey | Routledge eBooks

On the Ninetieth Birthday of Dr. Emanuel Ringelblum: Recollections and Summing Up

2025-06-06

| University of Toronto Press eBooks

The Italic Race and Latin Eugenics: Scientific Terms for Persecutions and War in the Medical Literature of Fascist Italy

2025-06-03

A. La Torre | Lingue Culture Mediazioni - Languages Cultures Mediation (LCM Journal)

Abstract This article explores how medical language in Fascist Italy contributed to creating a climate of hatred and violence. Through the analysis of medical and scientific journals, the study examines … Abstract This article explores how medical language in Fascist Italy contributed to creating a climate of hatred and violence. Through the analysis of medical and scientific journals, the study examines how the Fascist regime influenced the medical profession and how science was used to justify persecution, racism, and war. The article highlights how terminology, such as that relating to ‘race’, ‘purity’, and ‘duty’, was employed to connect biological concepts to Fascist ideology, normalizing discriminatory attitudes. The research reveals how medical science was manipulated to support nationalist and racist ideologies, with doctors playing a key role in legitimizing racial discrimination and eugenics. In summary, the article analyzes how medical discourse contributed to shaping public perception and legitimizing the ideological positions of the regime.

Native American Ancestry and Susceptibility to Mesoamerican Nephropathy

2025-06-01

Yuka Sato , Joseph Yracheta , Carlos Roncal +2 more | American Journal of Kidney Diseases

Medizin-Nobelpreis meets Rheumatologie

2025-06-01

| rheuma plus

Die Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie und Rehabilitation: Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft

2025-06-01

| rheuma plus

Eine Leiche mit blauen Lippen

2025-06-01

Benno Schäffer , Oliver Peschel | MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin

Zum Tod von Mogens S. Koch (1943–2025)

2025-06-01

Luisa Casella , Klaus Pollmeier , Marjen Schmidt +2 more | Rundbrief Fotografie

Prof. Dr. med. Dr. rer. nat. Kurt Salfeld zum 100. Geburtstag

2025-06-01

Guido Bruning | Phlebologie

Confronting and archiving the eugenic past in Japan

2025-06-01

Aya Homei , Yuki Funatsu , Mariko Goto +1 more | The Lancet

Prof. Perevodchikov’s contribution to the Early 20th Century Fight Against Syphilis and Leprosy in Eastern Siberia

2025-05-30

Г. М. Гайдаров , Tatyana I. Alekseevskaya , T V Demidova | Kazan medical journal

This article highlights the scientific, social-medical, and organizational activities of Innokenty Nikolaevich Perevodchikov (1886–1961), Director of the All-Union Research Institute for Leprosy Studies, during his tenure in Irkutsk. He made … This article highlights the scientific, social-medical, and organizational activities of Innokenty Nikolaevich Perevodchikov (1886–1961), Director of the All-Union Research Institute for Leprosy Studies, during his tenure in Irkutsk. He made significant contributions not only to the development of Russian leprology but also to public health in the Irkutsk Region and the Republic of Buryatia. He also played a pivotal role in establishing the Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic, the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Dispensary, and the Irkutsk Leprosarium. The limited information available about this prominent scientist in accessible sources formed the basis for this study. Perevodchikov’s thorough scientific approach to the problems he investigated preceding each of his expeditions is particularly noteworthy, as it largely determined the relevance and success of his work. He assessed the extent of syphilis infection among the target population, outlined measures for addressing the issue, identified leprosy-endemic areas, and described the real state of these problems in the target region. The article presents the findings of his four expeditions to study the prevalence of syphilis and leprosy across Irkutsk Province and the Buryat-Mongol Republic. It also highlights Perevodchikov’s role in establishing the Irkutsk Labor Prevention Facility and his participation in a commission on improving labor and living conditions.

Eugenic racism

2025-05-27

Arshin Adib-Moghaddam

:A History of British Eugenics Since 1865: From Francis Galton to Designer Babies

2025-05-27

Kostas Kampourakis

Evgeny E. Polotsky, the Head of the Central Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology From 1937 to 1943. Portrait Against the Backdrop of the Epoch

2025-05-26

Dmitry S. Sudakov , Yulia R. Dymarskaya , Polina I. Nikolaenkova +1 more

Evgeny E. Polotsky was one of the leading obstetricians-gynecologists and health care organizers of the first half of the 20th century in Russia. This article tells about his student years, … Evgeny E. Polotsky was one of the leading obstetricians-gynecologists and health care organizers of the first half of the 20th century in Russia. This article tells about his student years, first at Smolensk State University and then at Voronezh State University, and his development as an obstetrician-gynecologist, occurred with the emerging interest in scientific and pedagogical activities. The article briefly describes his dissertation “Autotransplantation of ovaries” for the PhD degree. E.E. Polotsky held senior positions with the Voronezh Medical Institute, including as director from 1932 to 1934. From November 1934, his professional career continued at the Central Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leningrad, the USSR (currently the Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott, St. Petersburg, Russia). From 1937 to 1943, E.E. Polotsky as director of the above institute was also engaged in the organization of Evacuation Hospital No. 1015, which assisted the population during World War II and the Siege of Leningrad. Later, on January 10, 1943, in order to carry out a special assignment for the Leningrad Front, E.E. Polotsky left Leningrad for the active army. There he headed the Evacuation Hospital No. 283 of the Central Front, was the chief gynecologist of the Southern Front, then the 4th Ukrainian Front, and from January 1944 to May 1945, he was the chief gynecologist of the Belorussian-Lithuanian Military District. E.E. Polotsky completed his service with the rank of lieutenant colonel of the medical service in April 1945. After being discharged from the army and returning to Leningrad, he continued working at the Central Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology as a senior research fellow at the Department of Operative Gynecology.

Lehmann Isaac Kohen, Grandson of Behrend Lehmann and Student of Albrecht Haller: The (Rightful) First Jewish Medical Graduate of the University of Göttingen, 1739

2025-05-23

Edward Reichman

Abstract From the time of the establishment of universities in Europe, Jews were barred from university medical training by papal decree. By the fifteenth century, the University of Padua in … Abstract From the time of the establishment of universities in Europe, Jews were barred from university medical training by papal decree. By the fifteenth century, the University of Padua in Italy opened its doors to Jews, followed by Dutch universities in the mid seventeenth century. While Tuviya HaRofeh and Gabriel Felix briefly attended the University of Frankfurt in 1678, it wasn’t until the early to mid-eighteenth century that German universities followed suit. Here we identify the first Jewish medical graduate of one of Germany’s premier medical schools, the University of Göttingen. While Benjamin Wolff Gintzburger is thought by many to have been the university’s first Jewish graduate, we clarify here that it was in fact Lehmann Isaac Kohen, grandson of the Court Jew Behrend Lehmann. The expansive archival record of Kohen’s medical training is unique among Jewish medical students of the Early Modern Period. Kohen was a student of the renowned Albrecht von Haller, and it was in an addendum to Kohen’s dissertation that Haller made an extraordinary statement, ignored in the historical literature, advocating religious tolerance in medical education.

Clara Wichmann (1885 –1922)

2025-05-21

Alain Refalo | Alternatives Non-Violentes

To a Lie-Adept

2025-05-21

15 – Studying dentistry and dissecting bodies

2025-05-20

The Fed

Health, Solidarity, and Propaganda under Real Socialism: East German Medical Aid to swapo

2025-05-20

Arianna Pasqualini | European Journal for the History of Medicine and Health

Abstract Together with the existing literature on socialist health internationalism, the article contributes to integrating the socialist world within the narrative of global health history, providing an overall picture of … Abstract Together with the existing literature on socialist health internationalism, the article contributes to integrating the socialist world within the narrative of global health history, providing an overall picture of the East German medical programs of solidarity with the South West African People’s Organization ( swapo ), the Namibian liberation movement that was waging the armed struggle against the South African illegal occupation of Namibia. In addition to dispatching medical cadres on site and delivering medicines and medical equipment to swapo refugee camps, the gdr provided health assistance to swapo by admitting hundreds of Namibians within East Germany for treatment. The article emphasizes the benefits brought by the East German medical care while highlighting the propaganda intent behind it, which jeopardized the solidarity rhetoric of the state by using paternalistic tones and representing the patients as mere symbols of solidarity. It also sheds light on the story of Stefanie Lahya Aukongo, who was born at the Berlin-Buch Hospital in 1978 with a spastic cerebral hemiparesis as a consequence of the severe injuries that her mother suffered due to the Cassinga massacre. Her story, which was an exception in the gdr medical solidarity, reports an example of grassroots solidarity by the East German family that adopted her, which was able to remedy for the shortcomings of the gdr state medical solidarity.

UNESCO nimmt Röntgenbilder von Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in das Weltdokumentenerbe auf – Ein historischer Meilenstein für die Radiologie

2025-05-13

Das medizinische Atom: Radioisotope in internistischen Kliniken der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 1945 bis 1965

2025-05-13

Ursula Heim

Dr. Suzuki in Broome 1910–1914

2025-05-13

John Lamb