Social Sciences Anthropology

Historical and Cultural Archaeology Studies

Description

This cluster of papers explores Black feminist-inspired archaeology, focusing on the African diaspora, resistance, and social inequality in the Americas. It delves into topics such as cultural identity, historical landscapes, gendered publishing trends, and the intersectionality of race and gender. The research also examines colonial material culture, memory, power dynamics, and the impact of Black feminist theory on archaeological interpretations.

Keywords

Black Feminist Theory; African Diaspora; Archaeology of Resistance; Social Inequality; Cultural Identity; Historical Landscapes; Gendered Publishing Trends; Colonial Material Culture; Memory and Power; Intersectionality

Archaeologies of the Contemporary Past turns what is usually seen as a method for investigating the distant past onto the present. In doing so, it reveals fresh ways of looking … Archaeologies of the Contemporary Past turns what is usually seen as a method for investigating the distant past onto the present. In doing so, it reveals fresh ways of looking both at ourselves and modern society as well as the discipline of archaeology. This volume represents the most recent research in this area and examines a variety of contexts including: * Art Deco * landfills * miner strikes * college fraternities * an abandoned council house.
The Archaeology of Ethnicity: Constructing Identities in the Past and Present. Sian Jones. London: Routledge, 1997. 180 pp. The Archaeology of Ethnicity: Constructing Identities in the Past and Present. Sian Jones. London: Routledge, 1997. 180 pp.
A clear deficit in the theoretical and methodological development of archaeological research exists with regard to migration; attributing archaeological distribution patterns to migration as opposed to diffusion or trade is … A clear deficit in the theoretical and methodological development of archaeological research exists with regard to migration; attributing archaeological distribution patterns to migration as opposed to diffusion or trade is still a major problem. This article uses the example of North American colonization to develop an approach that distinguishes the changes brought about by migration from those produced by other forms of cultural transfer. Because methods for gathering evidence do not sufficiently explore migration processes in their complexity, a model based on the study of historic and modern migrations is developed, and its practicability is demonstrated using the example of Anglo‐Saxon migration.
The Crisis in Historical Archaeology. Men, Women, Nets, and Archaeologists. The Haunts of Historical Archaeology. The Haunts Confer at Gorttoose. The Entangled World of Artifacts. Invented Place, Created Space. Can … The Crisis in Historical Archaeology. Men, Women, Nets, and Archaeologists. The Haunts of Historical Archaeology. The Haunts Confer at Gorttoose. The Entangled World of Artifacts. Invented Place, Created Space. Can the Subaltern Speak? Think Globally, Dig Locally. Index.
What has frequently been termed “contact-period“ archaeology has assumed a prominent role in North American archaeology in the last two decades. This article examines the conceptual foundation of archaeological “culture … What has frequently been termed “contact-period“ archaeology has assumed a prominent role in North American archaeology in the last two decades. This article examines the conceptual foundation of archaeological “culture contact” studies by sharpening the terminological and interpretive distinction between “contact” and “colonialism.” The conflation of these two terms, and thereby realms of historical experience, has proven detrimental to archaeologists’ attempts to understand indigenous and colonial histories. In light of this predicament, the article tackles three problems with treating colonialism as culture contact: (1) emphasizing short-term encounters rather than long-term entanglements, which ignores the process and heterogeneous forms of colonialism and the multifaceted ways that indigenous people experienced them; (2) down-playing the severity of interaction and the radically different levels of political power, which does little to reveal how Native people negotiated complex social terrain but does much to distance “contact” studies from what should be a related research focus in the archaeology of African enslavement and diaspora; and (3) privileging predefined cultural traits over creative or creolized cultural products, which loses sight of the ways that social agents lived their daily lives and that material culture can reveal, as much as hide, the subtleties of cultural change and continuity.
A witty and erudite investigation of the geography, history, composition, mythology, demographics, and widespread misperception of garbage--and the odd behavior of those who have made garbage what it is today. A witty and erudite investigation of the geography, history, composition, mythology, demographics, and widespread misperception of garbage--and the odd behavior of those who have made garbage what it is today.
Part I. Collection: 1. Hunting culture 2. Victorian skulduggery 3. The stone age 4. The nuclear family Part II. Possession: 5. Past silences 6. The natural history of Melbourne 7. … Part I. Collection: 1. Hunting culture 2. Victorian skulduggery 3. The stone age 4. The nuclear family Part II. Possession: 5. Past silences 6. The natural history of Melbourne 7. Land rites 8. Journeys to the centre Part III. Preservation: 9. The discipline of memory 10. Keeping places 11. Progress through preservation 12. History and natural history Epilogue.
Chapter 1 1. Technical Choices and Social Boundaries in Material Culture Patterning: An Introduction Chapter 2 2. Social Boundaries, Technical Systems, and the Use of Space and Technology in the … Chapter 1 1. Technical Choices and Social Boundaries in Material Culture Patterning: An Introduction Chapter 2 2. Social Boundaries, Technical Systems, and the Use of Space and Technology in the Kalahari Chapter 3 3. Material Culture, Social Fields, and Social Boundaries on the Sepik Coast of New Guinea Chapter 4 4. Social and Technical Identity in a Clay Crystal Ball Chapter 5 5. Scale, Style, and Cultural Variation Technological Traditions in the Northern Mandara Mountains Chapter 6 6. The Cultural Origins of Technical Choice: Unraveling Algonquian and Iroquoian Ceramic Traditions in the Northeast Chapter 7 7. Technological Patterning and Social Boundaries: Ceramic Variability in Southern New England, A.D. 1000-1675 Chapter 8 8. Coursed Adobe Architecture, Style, and Social Boundaries in the American Southwest Chapter 9 9. Social Boundaries and Technical Choices in Tonto Basin Prehistory Chapter 10 10. Habitus, Techniques, Style: An Integrated Approach to the Social Understanding of Material Culture and Boundaries Chapter 11 11. Technology, Style, and Social Practices: Archaeological Approaches
The archaeology of inequality - material culture, domination and resistance, Rober T.Paynter and Randall H.McGuire struggling with pots in South Carolina, Leland Ferguson the continued pattern of dominance - landlord … The archaeology of inequality - material culture, domination and resistance, Rober T.Paynter and Randall H.McGuire struggling with pots in South Carolina, Leland Ferguson the continued pattern of dominance - landlord and tenant on the postbellum cotton plantation, Charles E.Orser Jnr material culture in Boston - the black experience, Beth Ann Bower the Northern Cheyenne breakout of 1879 - using oral history and archaeology as tools of resistance, J.Douglas McDonald et al landscapes of inequality, Stephen A.Mrozowski building power - the cultural landscape of Broome County, New York 1880 - 1940, Randall H.McGuire employees must be of moral and temperate habits - rural and urban elite ideologies, Lou Ann Wurst artifacts and active voices - material culture as social discourse, Marcy C.Beaudry et al the symbolic divisions of pottery - sex related attributes of English and Angol-American household pots, Anne Yentsch towards an historical archaeology of materialistic domestic reform, Suzanne Spencer-Wood.
Archaeology includes the study of artifacts and other aspects of material culture but is more importantly about people-understanding people's daily lives, their sense of place in the world, the food … Archaeology includes the study of artifacts and other aspects of material culture but is more importantly about people-understanding people's daily lives, their sense of place in the world, the food they ate, their art, their spirituality, and their political and social organization. In piecing together multiple lines of evidence, including written documents, oral histories, analytical data from artifacts and ecofacts, and a range of regional and local environmental evidence, archaeologists attempt to write the stories of the past. Stated simply, archaeology is one of many tools utilized for understanding the past. However, when placed in its proper historical context, it is clear that the discipline of archaeology was built around and relies upon Western knowledge systems and methodologies, and its practice has a strongly colonial history.' Many archaeologists have come to recognize that archaeology is based on, and generally reflects, the values of Western cultures.2 In privileging the material, scientific, observable world over the spiritual, experiential, and unquantifiable aspects of archaeological sites, ancient peoples, and artifacts, archaeological practice demonstrates that it is solidly grounded in Western ways of categorizing, knowing, and interpreting the world. However, as Indigenous and local groups around the world have demonstrated, it is not only archaeologists who feel stewardship responsibilities toward archaeological materials and locations-many groups have rights and responsibilities to the human and material remains and to the knowledge, memories, and spiritual power that are intimately tied with the places and materials studied by archaeologists. Prior to European colonization, communities were able to act as stewards over their
4. The Making of Sex Hormones 5. The Marketing of Sex Hormones 6. The Transformation of Sex Hormones into the Pill 7. The Power of Structures that Already Exist Notes … 4. The Making of Sex Hormones 5. The Marketing of Sex Hormones 6. The Transformation of Sex Hormones into the Pill 7. The Power of Structures that Already Exist Notes Bibliography
The renewed activity in Plains Archaeology as a result of the salvage program of the River Basin Surveys of the Smithsonian Institution and cooperating agencies has reemphasized some very striking … The renewed activity in Plains Archaeology as a result of the salvage program of the River Basin Surveys of the Smithsonian Institution and cooperating agencies has reemphasized some very striking differences in the types of animals used for food by prehistoric peoples. Some groups, such as the Woodland and Upper Republican, set an extremely varied “table” while others appear to have subsisted almost entirely on one species of food animal. With those groups which subsisted on a variety of game, the question naturally poses itself: “What percentage does each species contribute to the diet of the people?” Although complete data on the “dressedout” weights of the various food animals found in archaeological sites is not available, calculations based on the data and procedure outlined here should provide a means of arriving at a reasonably reliable answer to the above question.
In 1958 Gordon R. Willey and Philip Phillips first published Method and Theory in American Archaeology - a volume that went through five printings, the last in 1967 at the … In 1958 Gordon R. Willey and Philip Phillips first published Method and Theory in American Archaeology - a volume that went through five printings, the last in 1967 at the height of what became known as the new, or processual, archaeology. The advent of processual archaeology, according to Willey and Phillips, represented a theoretical debate...a question of whether archaeology should be the study of cultural history or the study of cultural process. Willey and Phillips suggested that little interpretation had taken place in American archaeology, and their book offered an analytical perspective; the methods they described and the structural framework they used for synthesizing American prehistory were all geared toward interpretation. Method and Theory served as the catalyst and primary reader on the topic for over a decade. This facsimile reprint edition of the original University of Chicago Press volume includes a new foreword by Gordon R. Willey, which outlines the state of American archaeology at the time of the original publication, and a new introduction by the editors to place the book in historical context. The bibliography is exhaustive. Academic libraries, students, professionals, and knowledgeable amateurs will welcome this new edition of a standard-maker among texts on American archaeology.
▪ Abstract This paper traces the conjunction of two interrelated epistemic phenomena that have begun to shape the discipline since the early 1990s. The first entails theorizing social identity in … ▪ Abstract This paper traces the conjunction of two interrelated epistemic phenomena that have begun to shape the discipline since the early 1990s. The first entails theorizing social identity in past societies: specifically, how social lives are inscribed by the experiences of gender, ethnicity, sexuality, and so on. The other constitutes the rise of a politicized and ethical archaeology that now recognizes its active role in contemporary culture and is enunciated through the discourses of nationalism, sociopolitics, postcolonialism, diaspora, and globalism. Both trends have been tacitly shaped by anthropological and social theory, but they are fundamentally driven by the powerful voices of once marginalized groups and their newfound place in the circles of academic legitimacy. I argue that our disciplinary reticence to embrace the politics of identity, both in our investigations of the past and our imbrications in the present, has much to do with archaeology's lack of reflexivity, both personal and disciplinary, concurrent with its antitheoretical tendencies. The residual force of the latter should not be underestimated, specifically in regard to field practices and the tenacity of academic boundaries.
List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Signposts to the Past An Alphabetical Guide to the Artifacts Armor Bayonets Beads Bellarmines Bells Bottles, Glass Liquor Bottles, Glass Pharmaceutical Bottles, Pottery Bricks and … List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Signposts to the Past An Alphabetical Guide to the Artifacts Armor Bayonets Beads Bellarmines Bells Bottles, Glass Liquor Bottles, Glass Pharmaceutical Bottles, Pottery Bricks and Brickwork Buckles Buttons and Sleeve Buttons Candlesticks and Lighting Accessories Geramics, American Ceramics, British Ceramics, European Chamber Pots, Bedpans, and Closestool Pans Clocks and Clockcases Coins, Tokens, and Jettons Combs Cooking Vessels of Iron and Copper Alloys Cutlery and Spoons Drinking Glasses and Decanters Drug Pots, Jars, and Pill Tiles Firearms and Gunflints Flowerpots and Bell Glasses Furniture Hardware Glass, Window Hinges Horseshoes and Horse Furniture Locks and Padlocks Nails Pins, Needles, and Thimbles Porcelain, Chinese Rings, Finger Scissors Seals, Lead Silver, Marks on English and American Spades and Hoes Stoneware, Rhenish Tiles, Delft and Other Wares Tiles, Roofing Tobacco Pipes and Smoking Equipment Toys Wig Curlers Index
▪ Abstract The household has emerged as a focus of archaeological inquiry over the past decade. This review summarizes issues raised by economic and feminist anthropologists about the meaning of … ▪ Abstract The household has emerged as a focus of archaeological inquiry over the past decade. This review summarizes issues raised by economic and feminist anthropologists about the meaning of the terms household and domestic and then considers research on household archaeology, craft specialization, and gender relevant to the study of the organization of domestic labor. It is argued that the common functional definition of the household as an adaptive mechanism reacting to environmental and social conditions underconceptualizes the household and renders its study unlikely to contribute to our understanding of economic and social processes in past societies. Studies of craft specialization and women's economic production that emphasize what members of the domestic group do and how that action is valued are more successful in demonstrating the dynamic interaction between household and society.
Archaeology is poised to play a pivotal role in the reconfiguration of historical anthropology. Archaeology provides not only a temporal baseline that spans both prehistory and history, but the means … Archaeology is poised to play a pivotal role in the reconfiguration of historical anthropology. Archaeology provides not only a temporal baseline that spans both prehistory and history, but the means to study the material remains of ethnic laborers in pluralistic colonial communities who are poorly represented in written accounts. Taken together, archaeology is ideally suited for examining the multicultural roots of modern América. But before archaeology’s full potential to contribute to culture contact studies can be realized, we must address several systemic problems resulting from the separation of “prehistoric” and “historical” archaeology into distinct subfields. In this paper, I examine the implications of increasing temporal/regional specialization in archaeology on (1) the use of historical documents in archaeological research, (2) the study of long-term culture change, and (3) the implementation of pan-regional comparative analyses.
Journal Article In Small Things Forgotten: The Archaeology of Early American Life. By James Deetz. (Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor, 1977. 184 pp. Illustrations, charts, tables, notes, and index. Paper, $2.50.) … Journal Article In Small Things Forgotten: The Archaeology of Early American Life. By James Deetz. (Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor, 1977. 184 pp. Illustrations, charts, tables, notes, and index. Paper, $2.50.) Get access Ivor Noël Hume Ivor Noël Hume Williamsburg, Virginia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 65, Issue 2, September 1978, Pages 417–418, https://doi.org/10.2307/1894091 Published: 01 September 1978
With case studies from North America to Australia and South Africa and covering topics from archaeological ethics to the repatriation of human remains, this book charts the development of a … With case studies from North America to Australia and South Africa and covering topics from archaeological ethics to the repatriation of human remains, this book charts the development of a new form of archaeology that is informed by indigenous values and agendas. This involves fundamental changes in archaeological theory and practice as well as substantive changes in the power relations between archaeologists and indigenous peoples. Questions concerning the development of ethical archaeological practices are at the heart of this process.
Journal Article Victorian Anthropology Get access Victorian Anthropology, by George W. Stocking. The Free Press, New York and London, 1987. xvii + 439pp. £22. ISBN 0 02 931550 6. ROY … Journal Article Victorian Anthropology Get access Victorian Anthropology, by George W. Stocking. The Free Press, New York and London, 1987. xvii + 439pp. £22. ISBN 0 02 931550 6. ROY WILLIS ROY WILLIS University of Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 88, Issue 350, January 1989, Pages 132–133, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098135 Published: 01 January 1989
For courses in Introduction to Archaeology Theory and Methods.Intended for the Introductory Archaeology course with the goal of teaching students how to think like archaeologists, this workbook includes activities that … For courses in Introduction to Archaeology Theory and Methods.Intended for the Introductory Archaeology course with the goal of teaching students how to think like archaeologists, this workbook includes activities that challenge students to interpret and explain field findings and help them to see the link between theory and practice.
Archaeology impacts the lives of indigenous, local, or descendant communities. Yet often these groups have little input to archaeological research, and its results remain inaccessible. As archaeologists consider the consequences … Archaeology impacts the lives of indigenous, local, or descendant communities. Yet often these groups have little input to archaeological research, and its results remain inaccessible. As archaeologists consider the consequences and benefits of research, the skills, methodologies, and practices required of them will differ dramatically from those of past decades. As an archaeologist and a Native American, Sonya Atalay has investigated the rewards and complex challenges of conducting research in partnership with indigenous and local communities. In Community-Based Archaeology, she outlines the principles of community-based participatory research and demonstrates how CBPR can be effectively applied to archaeology. Drawing on her own experiences with research projects in North America and the Near East, Atalay provides theoretical discussions along with practical examples of establishing and developing collaborative relationships and sharing results. This book will contribute to building an archaeology that is engaged, ethical, relevant, and sustainable.
1.The Archaeology of Childhood in Context Childhood in Anthropology Childhood in Archaeology The Importance of an Archaeology of Childhood Chapter Organization 2. Theorizing Childhood in Archaeology Introducing the Child's World … 1.The Archaeology of Childhood in Context Childhood in Anthropology Childhood in Archaeology The Importance of an Archaeology of Childhood Chapter Organization 2. Theorizing Childhood in Archaeology Introducing the Child's World Children and Gender: Cultural Categories in Archaeology Children as Active Participants in the Past Moving forward: Socialization and the Study of Childhood 3. The Cultural Creation of Childhood: The Idea of Socialization The Concept of Socialization: An Intergenerational Discourse Agents of Socialization and the Imparting of Cultural Knowledge Socialization in the Past Socialization Across Cultures 4. Socialization and the Material Culture of Childhood Multiple Meanings and Material Culture Socialization in the Use of Material Culture: Toys and Playthings Identifying Toys in Archaeological Contexts Socialization in the Making of Material Culture: Apprenticeship and Situated Learning Studying Apprenticeship and Learning in the Archaeological Record 5. Socialization, Behavior, and the Spaces and Places of Childhood Children as a Distorting Factor in the Archaeological Record Socialization and the Use of Space Children at Play Children at Work Children and Space across Cultures Children and Space in the Archaeological Record Socialization, Space and Archaeology of Childhood 6. Socialization, Symbols, and Artistic Representations of Children Depicting Childhood, Depicting Gender Children at Work and at Play Child Rearing and Parenting Children as Cultural Symbols 7. Socialization, Childhood, and Mortuary Remains What are we studying when we analyze mortuary remains? Children as a Category in Mortuary Archaeology Identifying Age Based Categories through Mortuary Remains Childhood Health, Nutrition, and Mortality Children and the Elucidation of Horizontal Social Categories Children as Indicators of Vertical Social Status Mortuary Monuments and Representations of Children 8. Themes and Lessons from the Archaeology of Childhood Socialization, Gender, and the Cultural Construction of Childhood Casting Children as Actors Child, Family, Community, Society All Archaeology is the Archaeology of Childhood Bibliography Index
1. Introduction 2. Other approaches to colonialism 3. A model of colonialism 4. Colonialism within a shared cultural milieu 5. The middle ground 6. Terra nullius 7. Power. 1. Introduction 2. Other approaches to colonialism 3. A model of colonialism 4. Colonialism within a shared cultural milieu 5. The middle ground 6. Terra nullius 7. Power.
| Rocks & Minerals
The North American Great Lakes offer a dynamic case study of inundated cultural landscapes. These bodies of water and the life around them have never been static. While submerged lands … The North American Great Lakes offer a dynamic case study of inundated cultural landscapes. These bodies of water and the life around them have never been static. While submerged lands offer avenues for archaeological research, it is essential to first understand that these cultural landscapes have also been flooded with invasive power dynamics through settler colonialism. For example, the land and water systems in Anishinaabe Akiing (the northern Great Lakes) have fundamentally shifted from flourishing life systems to poisoned areas and now struggle to deal with invasive species. When seeking to learn from or otherwise engage Indigenous knowledge, it is essential to work from a perspective that takes all these changes into consideration. There are Indigenous communities who are interested in these inundated landscapes, and in this research, but a pause, naandamo, is needed to ethically consider the ongoing process of settler colonialism and Indigenous perspectives. Here we address ethical considerations for researchers participating in, or interested in participating in, submerged site research. By incorporating settler colonialism as a methodology of understanding, we will provide an ethical starting place for working with Indigenous communities and inundated landscapes.
Terry Hyland | Journal of Vocational Education and Training
La minería nunca fue una actividad económica predominante en la isla de Puerto Rico, con la excepción de la extracción de oro aluvial durante el siglo XVI. No obstante, la … La minería nunca fue una actividad económica predominante en la isla de Puerto Rico, con la excepción de la extracción de oro aluvial durante el siglo XVI. No obstante, la creación de la inspección de minas en 1837 representó un esfuerzo por reorganizar y fomentar este sector en el territorio colonial. En el contexto de un estudio más amplio sobre las inspecciones mineras en las colonias ultramarinas, este estudio examina la evolución del servicio minero en Puerto Rico durante el siglo XIX, los ingenieros que participaron en él y algunos de los trabajos que llevaron a cabo. Entre estos destacan las investigaciones geológicas realizadas por el ingeniero Ángel Vasconi, que le valieron la elaboración de dos mapas geológicos. El primero de ellos fue exhibido en la Exposición Internacional Colonial y de Exportación de Ámsterdam en 1883; mientras que el segundo mapa, presentado en dos escalas, fue confeccionado para su exhibición en la Exposición Histórico-Americana de Madrid en 1892. Sin embargo, estos mapas permanecieron inéditos, lo que contribuyó a que pasaran desapercibidos para investigadores y estudiosos posteriores. En este trabajo se reseñan por primera vez.
In 1984, the Stichting Cultuurgeschiedenis van de Nederlanders Overzee (CNO) purchased a portrait of a then unknown captain, painted in 1760 by the artist John Greenwood (Boston 1729-1792 Margate). Since … In 1984, the Stichting Cultuurgeschiedenis van de Nederlanders Overzee (CNO) purchased a portrait of a then unknown captain, painted in 1760 by the artist John Greenwood (Boston 1729-1792 Margate). Since 1994, the portrait has been in the collection of the Rijksmuseum. Until now, the identity of the sitter has remained unknown. The study of Greenwood’s notebook, preserved in the collection of The New York Historical, has made it possible to identify the person in the portrait as Dirk Simonsz (1727-1768), the captain of the ship on which John Greenwood travelled from Suriname to Amsterdam in 1758. This identification is further substantiated by research in the Simonsz family archive in Zaandam and other sources.
Colonialism, as the term is used here, is not a transhistorical thing but an analytical framework for examining the systems and practices of control through which an enormous variety of … Colonialism, as the term is used here, is not a transhistorical thing but an analytical framework for examining the systems and practices of control through which an enormous variety of expansionary, asymmetrical relations of power between societies have been constructed, maintained, negotiated, and resisted throughout human history. The focus of most social science research on colonialism has been the expansion of the modern European empires and the global spread of capitalism, which resulted in half the earth’s surface being under some form of colonial domination by the early twentieth century. But these are merely the most recent developments in a long history of attempts by societies to exert control over others. Two thousand years ago, perhaps half the world’s population lived under the sovereignty of two immense empires (Roman and Chinese), and the history of colonialism can be reasonably claimed to date back at least to the emergence of the first states over five thousand years ago. Archaeology provides one of the few means to investigate the many colonial encounters that predate the modern period. Moreover, given that written accounts of colonial situations have generally been dominated by the very partial perspective of colonizers rather than the colonized, archaeology also provides invaluable possibilities for constructing counter-narratives in recent colonial situations grounded in the daily material lives of all the people involved. That said, there is no consensus on the theoretical approaches, methods, or even definitions that archaeologists bring to the analysis of colonialism. Additionally, there are several regional and disciplinary schools of analysis, often operating in relative ignorance of each other. Some of these (such as classics and American historical archaeology) have long traditions of research on colonial situations that were resistant to employing the vocabulary of colonialism or theories of colonial analysis until relatively recently. Hence, the title “archaeologies of colonialism” for this bibliographic review reflects this diversity. An explicit analytical concern with colonialism (rather than empires and monuments) by archaeologists emerged only in the 1980s and 1990s, and there are no journals dedicated exclusively to the subject. The literature is scattered among archaeology and anthropology journals, edited volumes, and monographs. Although dispersed, that literature is vast and growing daily, and only a small sampling of such work is possible here. Examples were chosen to illustrate some key problems, themes, theoretical perspectives, and regional traditions that have attracted significant attention over time, not simply the latest take.
Trauma and violence in the past may be accessed in the present by studying the skeletons of deceased individuals. It may manifest, for example, as fractures or sharp force injury, … Trauma and violence in the past may be accessed in the present by studying the skeletons of deceased individuals. It may manifest, for example, as fractures or sharp force injury, marks in the skeleton that can be observed and interpreted after an individual’s death. Trauma in human bodies from archaeological and historical contexts has been of academic interest since the late 19th century, with Enlightenment forebearers, and this interest continues apace, as scholars incorporate social theory and clinical literature alongside bioarchaeological observations to better understand the context and effects of trauma on, within, and between individuals’ bodies. Determining what counts as trauma and recording it consistently, defining violence, incorporating context while avoiding overinterpretation, and appreciating the postmortem harm that has and continues to be done to individuals who persist in the present are all difficult threads that require ongoing reflexivity by researchers. Research on topics of trauma and violence is emotive work, demanding both consistency of quantifiable recording methods and deep empathy. Bioarchaeologists and paleopathologists study the skeletons of individuals from archaeological and historical sites. Interpreting patterns of trauma (e.g., injury type, number of injuries, stage of healing, distribution) observed within individual bodies and between groups allows researchers to investigate topics as varied as occupational health and safety, abuse and subjugation, sports and gender, human–animal relationships, warfare and resilience, disability and care, and even accidents and clumsiness. Such topics are intimately interwoven with considerations of identity, social race, gender, the life course, class, work, power, place of origin, and more. A broken bone is always more than just a broken bone.