Psychology › Social Psychology

Color perception and design

Works Count: 70900

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This cluster of papers explores the intersection of color psychology, Kansei engineering, and product design, focusing on how color influences cognitive performance, emotional responses, and user satisfaction. It delves into topics such as color preferences, affective design, and the impact of color on consumer behavior and product appeal.

Keywords

Color Psychology; Kansei Engineering; Product Design; Emotion; Affective Design; User Satisfaction; Consumer Preferences; Cognitive Performance; Color Harmony; Aesthetic Intelligence

Emotional design: why we love (or hate) everyday things

2004-07-01

Donald A. Norman

By the author of The Design of Everyday Things , the first book to make the connection between our emotions and how we relate to ordinary objects--from juicers to Jaguars. … By the author of The Design of Everyday Things , the first book to make the connection between our emotions and how we relate to ordinary objects--from juicers to Jaguars. Did you ever wonder why cheap wine tastes better in fancy glasses? Why sales of Macintosh computers soared when Apple introduced the colorful iMac? New research on emotion and cognition has shown that attractive things really do work better, a fact fans of Don Norman's classic The Design of Everyday Things cannot afford to ignore.In recent years, the design community has focused on making products easier to use. But as Norman amply demonstrates in this fascinating and important new book, design experts have vastly underestimated the role of emotion on our experience of everyday objects. Emotional Design analyzes the profound influence of this deceptively simple idea, from our willingness to spend thousands of dollars on Gucci bags and Rolex watches to the impact of emotion on the everyday objects of tomorrow. In the future, will inanimate objects respond to human emotions? Is it possible to create emotional robots?Norman addresses these provocative questions--drawing on a wealth of examples and the latest scientific insights--in this bold exploration of the objects in our everyday world.

Framework of product experience

2007-04-30

Pieter Desmet , Paul Hekkert

In this paper, we introduce a general framework for product experience that applies to all affective responses that can be experienced in human-product interaction. Three distinct components or levels of … In this paper, we introduce a general framework for product experience that applies to all affective responses that can be experienced in human-product interaction. Three distinct components or levels of product experiences are discussed: aesthetic experience, experience of meaning, and emotional experience. All three components are distinguished in having their own lawful underlying process. The aesthetic level involves a product’s capacity to delight one or more of our sensory modalities. The meaning level involves our ability to assign personality or other expressive characteristics and to assess the personal or symbolic significance of products. The emotional level involves those experiences that are typically considered in emotion psychology and in everyday language about emotions, such as love and anger, which are elicited by the appraised relational meaning of products. The framework indicates patterns for the processes that underlie the different types of affective product experiences, which are used to explain the personal and layered nature of product experience

Human facial expression: an evolutionary view

1995-03-01

Alan J. Fridlund

Pre-Darwinian Views on Facial Expression. Darwin's Anti-Darwinism in Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Facial Expression and the Methods of Contemporary Evolutionary Research. Mechanisms for the Evolution of … Pre-Darwinian Views on Facial Expression. Darwin's Anti-Darwinism in Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Facial Expression and the Methods of Contemporary Evolutionary Research. Mechanisms for the Evolution of Facial Expressions. Facial Hardware: The Nerves and Muscles of the Face. Facial Reflexes and the Ontogeny of Facial Displays. Emotions Versus Behavioural Ecology Views of Facial Expression: Theory and Concepts. Emotions Versus Behavioural Ecology Views of Facial Expreesion: The State of the Evidence. Introduction: Cross Cultural Studies of Facial Expressions of Emotion. Is There Universal Recognition of Emotion from Facial Expression? A Review of Cross-Cultural Studiew, By James A. Russell. How Do We Account for Both Universal and Regional Variations in Facial Expressions of Emotion?. Facial Paralanguage and Gesture. Conclusion: The Study of Facial Displays-Where Do We Go from Here?. References. Index.

Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution.

1971-03-01

W. T. Morrill , Brent Berlin , Paul Kay

Preface Introduction 1. The data, hypothesis, and general findings 2. Evolution of basic color terms 3. The data 4. Summary of results and some speculations Appendix I Appendix II Appendix … Preface Introduction 1. The data, hypothesis, and general findings 2. Evolution of basic color terms 3. The data 4. Summary of results and some speculations Appendix I Appendix II Appendix III Appendix IV Notes References Cited Bibliography Index.

Is there universal recognition of emotion from facial expression? A review of the cross-cultural studies.

1994-01-01

James A. Russell

Emotions are universally recognized from facial expressions--or so it has been claimed. To support that claim, research has been carried out in various modern cultures and in cultures relatively isolated … Emotions are universally recognized from facial expressions--or so it has been claimed. To support that claim, research has been carried out in various modern cultures and in cultures relatively isolated from Western influence. A review of the methods used in that research raises questions of its ecological, convergent, and internal validity. Forced-choice response format, within-subject design, preselected photographs of posed facial expressions, and other features of method are each problematic. When they are altered, less supportive or nonsupportive results occur. When they are combined, these method factors may help to shape the results. Facial expressions and emotion labels are probably associated, but the association may vary with culture and is loose enough to be consistent with various alternative accounts, 8 of which are discussed.

Vision Science: Photons to Phenomenology

2000-05-01

Delores Lindsey

Vision Science: Photons to Phenomenology Steven E. Palmer. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1999. Pages: 810. Price: $70.00. ISBN 0-262-16183-4 This book is an extremely well written, and eminently readable, … Vision Science: Photons to Phenomenology Steven E. Palmer. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1999. Pages: 810. Price: $70.00. ISBN 0-262-16183-4 This book is an extremely well written, and eminently readable, soup-to-nuts textbook on how we see. The text is enhanced by liberal use of illustrations that are among the best I have seen in any textbook on vision. The material in this book is drawn from a wide range of disciplines in vision science—philosophy, psychology, computer science, linguistics, and the neurosciences—and the resulting treatment of visual perception and cognition is remarkably broad in scope. Because of the author’s excellent exposition, the book functions well as an introductory text, although some of the material that he covers is quite sophisticated.FIGUREFigurePalmer’s goal is the examination of vision from three different theoretical perspectives: inferential (advocated by the 19th-century physicist and physiologist Herman von Helmholtz), ecological (advocated by the 20th-century psychologist James J. Gibson), and computational (advocated by the 20th-century physiologist and computer scientist David Marr). Although Palmer promises to be even-handed in his assessment of these perspectives, he seems to have stacked the deck slightly in favor of the inferential perspective. According to the inferential perspective, visual scene analysis is an underconstrained problem: there is not enough information in the visual data received through the eyes for perception to occur. For example, the spectral composition of the light reaching the eye from an apple depends only partly on the spectral reflectance of the apple’s surface. It also depends greatly on the illuminant, which may vary considerably even under natural conditions. Therefore, the observer needs more information if the apple is to continue to look “red” under most natural illuminants, a phenomenon known as “color constancy.” Helmholtz argued that this additional information is obtained by logical “unconscious inference,” based upon our knowledge of the properties of apples acquired from prior experience. Almost everyone who studies vision would agree that perception of the visual world cannot proceed without some underlying assumptions. However, there is currently much debate regarding the form of these assumptions and the level(s) at which they operate within the visual process of scene analysis. Adherents to the ecological view argue that the sensory data already contain much of this additional information. This information is in the form of invariant properties in the spatiotemporal patterns of stimulation that occur as the observer interacts with his environment. According to Gibson, these invariant properties can be detected directly, without the recourse to high level rule-based operations. Much of the present work on computational vision is explicitly directed toward identifying and understanding how the human visual system extracts these invariants from sensory data and exploits them in the perceptual process. Palmer clearly acknowledges this point. However, the sophisticated reader may feel that although knowledge and inferential processes undoubtedly play important roles in visual cognition, Palmer is sometimes too quick to invoke rule-based processes to explain the occurrence of certain visual phenomena, when lower-level computational strategies may work equally well or even better. The book is divided into three sections. In the first section, Foundations, Palmer defines the domain of visual perception and lays the groundwork for the discussions of theory and empirical findings that form the backbone of the book. In the concluding chapter of the Foundations section, Palmer uses color vision as the exemplar for his interdisciplinary treatment of visual perception. The second section of the book, Spatial Vision, concerns seeing things in the world based on processes that recover the image-, surface-, object-, and category-based properties of those things. This section focuses on many of the fundamental issues in classical visual space and form perception. These include image segmentation, surface reconstruction, depth perception, the perception of form and two- and three-dimensional shape, and the spatial visual constancies. A weakness in this section of the book is that it all but ignores much of the modern computational literature on three-dimensional shape and the factors that influence its perception. The influential theoretical work in this area by Jan Koenderink and Andrea van Doorn is mentioned but not developed in any depth. The final section, Visual Dynamics, is concerned with motion perception, eye movements and attention, interactions between vision and memory, and visual awareness. The treatment of many topics is delightfully interdisciplinary. For example, like most other textbook authors, Palmer begins his treatment of color vision with a discussion of traditional psychophysical and neurobiological topics: trichromacy, color-opponency, color and lightness contrast effects, hue and lightness constancy, and so forth. But, unlike most authors, Palmer then plunges into an extensive discussion of the work of Berlin & Kay and Rosch in color categorization, the Sapir-Whorf hypotheses of linguistic relativity, and determinism, and even, later in the book, an engaging discussion of that old philosophical chestnut, the “reversed spectrum” problem. I thoroughly enjoyed this aspect of the book. Vision Science: Photons to Phenomenology is a huge book, in both size (over 760 very large pages) and scope. The highly motivated student will be rewarded for his/her efforts in reading this volume with an extraordinarily broad introduction to vision science. However, there are two “down sides” to Palmer’s approach to writing this book. First, to reach a broad audience, he included almost no mathematics. This severely limits the impact of much of the modern formal work in computational vision. Second, because he wrote about visual perception on so broad a scale, Palmer had to limit his development of any given topic. Sophisticated readers are likely to find his treatments of some individual topics to be too incomplete or imprecise to be satisfying. Nonetheless, Palmer has written a remarkable book, and it will certainly have an important impact on the new generation of vision scientists.

Kansei engineering as a powerful consumer-oriented technology for product development

2002-05-01

Mitsuo Nagamachi

An opponent-process theory of color vision.

1957-11-01

Leo M. Hurvich , Dorothea Jameson

The two major theoretical accounts of color vision are those classified as the Young-Helmholtz and the Hering types of theories. For many years the former has been judged by most … The two major theoretical accounts of color vision are those classified as the Young-Helmholtz and the Hering types of theories. For many years the former has been judged by most workers in the field to provide the simplest explanation of the way in which light stimuli give rise to color sensations. The advantages that appear to favor the Young-Helmholtz three-component hypothesis are two: it is parsimonious, and its postulates are easily quantifiable and hence subject to precise experimental test. In its parsimonious and easily quantifiable form, the theory is simple: in addition to the rods which subserve twilight vision, the eye contains three kinds of cone photoreceptors; each type of cone contains a differently selective photochemical substance; each is associated with its own specific nerve fiber; and each cone-photochemical-nerve fiber system is correlated with one of the three specific color sensations, namely, red, green, and blue (or violet). All sensations are considered as compounded of varying amounts of these three excitatory systems, with white arising from equal and simultaneous excitation of all three, and yellow from equal red and green excitations. The Young-Helmholtz three-cone, three-nerve, three-sensation theory derives directly from the basic fact of color mixture, namely, that all visible hues can be matched by the mixture, in proper proportions, of only three physical light stimuli. Based squarely on this fact, the theory is readily quantified in terms of the three measurable variables of color mixture experiments. But the three measured variables, it 1 Now at New York University. must be emphasized, are the three physical light stimuli used in the color mixture experiments; they are not the postulated three color sensations, for with each different stimulus triad used for color matching a different and equally valid triad of color mixture functions is obtained. Consequently, throughout some hundred years since the original formulation of the idea, a continued series of attempts has been made to find the proper transformation of the three measured colormixture that will bridge the gap and yield the unique spectral distribution of the desired physiological correlates of the three postulated color sensations. An infinity of such transformations is available for trial, and almost every serious adherent of the theory has proposed at least one new set of fundamental sensation curves (48, pp. 368-372). The search, however, continues, because serious defects have been found in every proposal made thus far. When the explanatory or predictive power of the theory in any given quantified form is tested it cannot handle more than a limited number of facts satisfactorily (11, p. 805). Moreover, some facts of color experience seem unassimilable into the framework of the simple Young-Helmholtz theory with its three independent, fundamental, process-sensation systems. How can this system of three independent processes be made to account, for example, for the apparent linkages that seem to occur between specific pairs of colors as either the stimulus conditions or the conditions of the human observer are varied? Why should the red and green hues in the spectrum predominate

Theory of attentional operations in shape identification.

1989-01-01

David LaBerge , Vincent Brown

Perception of the Visual World

1952-01-01

James J. Gibson

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Ophthalmology HomeNew OnlineCurrent … Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Ophthalmology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Ophthalmology journal

Environmental color, consumer feelings, and purchase likelihood

1992-09-01

Joseph A. Bellizzi , Robert E. Hite

Abstract This study tested the effects of red and blue in a shopping‐related context. Red and blue were selected because of their opposite color properties. Prior color research has shown … Abstract This study tested the effects of red and blue in a shopping‐related context. Red and blue were selected because of their opposite color properties. Prior color research has shown that red is perceived as negative and tense as well as physically arousing. Blue, on the other hand, has been identified as calm, cool, and positive. Two laboratory experiments were conducted. In both experiments, retail environments were simulated using predominately red or blue colors. Both experiments corroborate the differential effects of red and blue that prior research suggested. Specifically, more positive retail outcomes occurred in blue rather than red environments. More simulated purchases, fewer purchase postponements, and a stronger inclination to shop and browse were found in blue retail environments. The second experiment helps to identify a plausible explanation to color effects. The results indicate that the affective perception of color rather than the arousal dimension of color may be responsible for the outcome. The positive effects of blue and the negative perception of red may have influenced the results. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

CLASSIFICATION AND QUANTITATIVE JUDGEMENT

1963-05-01

Henri Tajfel , A. L. Wilkes

The investigation is concerned with the effects on judgement of some relations between the manner in which stimuli of a series are classified and the magnitudes of the stimuli. It … The investigation is concerned with the effects on judgement of some relations between the manner in which stimuli of a series are classified and the magnitudes of the stimuli. It is shown that when the classification stands in a direct and predictable relation to a physical scale, the stimuli belonging to different classes are judged as farther apart on that scale than in an unclassified series. A classification which is not coherently related to the physical scale does not affect judgement in this manner. There is also evidence in the results that, as a function of past experience with the classification, an increase occurs in the apparent differences between stimuli belonging to different classes, and in the apparent similarity of stimuli belonging to the same class. The relevance of these findings to the general problem of stereotyping is discussed.

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Perceived order in different sense modalities.

1961-11-01

Ira J. Hirsh , Carl E. Sherrick

Blue or Red? Exploring the Effect of Color on Cognitive Task Performances

2009-02-07

Ravi Mehta , Rui Zhu

Existing research reports inconsistent findings with regard to the effect of color on cognitive task performances. Some research suggests that blue or green leads to better performances than red; other … Existing research reports inconsistent findings with regard to the effect of color on cognitive task performances. Some research suggests that blue or green leads to better performances than red; other studies record the opposite. Current work reconciles this discrepancy. We demonstrate that red (versus blue) color induces primarily an avoidance (versus approach) motivation (study 1, n = 69) and that red enhances performance on a detail-oriented task, whereas blue enhances performance on a creative task (studies 2 and 3, n = 208 and 118). Further, we replicate these results in the domains of product design (study 4, n = 42) and persuasive message evaluation (study 5, n = 161) and show that these effects occur outside of individuals' consciousness (study 6, n = 68). We also provide process evidence suggesting that the activation of alternative motivations mediates the effect of color on cognitive task performances.

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Aging and Posture Control: Changes in Sensory Organization and Muscular Coordination

1986-09-01

Marjorie Woollacott , Anne Shumway‐Cook , Lewis M. Nashner

The following study examined two aspects of balance control in the older adult: 1) the coordination of the timing and the amplitude of muscle responses to postural perturbations, and 2) … The following study examined two aspects of balance control in the older adult: 1) the coordination of the timing and the amplitude of muscle responses to postural perturbations, and 2) the ability of the participant to reorganize sensory inputs and subsequently modify postural responses as a consequence of changing environmental conditions. Coordination of muscle activity in postural responses of twelve elderly (sixty-one to seventy-eight years) participants were compared to those of young (nineteen to thirty-eight years) adults using a movable platform and recording the electromyographic activity of muscles of the legs. The following changes were noted in the timing and amplitude of muscle activity within a postural response synergy: 1) increases in the absolute latency of distal muscle responses were observed in all older adults; 2) in five of the twelve older adults temporal reversals of proximal and distal muscle response onset were observed; and 3) there was a breakdown in the correlation of the amplitude of responses within a synergy. The ability of the older adult to balance under conditions of reduced or conflicting sensory information was also impaired. When confronted with functionally inappropriate visual and/or somatosensory inputs, half of the older group lost balance. In most instances, however, the older participants were able to maintain stability during subsequent responses to conflicting stimuli.

Pupil size variation as an indication of affective processing

2003-03-25

Timo Partala , Veikko Surakka

The perception of the visual world.

1951-01-01

Edwin G. Boring

Color in Business, Science and Industry

1976-04-01

A.W.S. Tarrant

"Color in Business, Science and Industry." Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics, 23(4), p. 340 "Color in Business, Science and Industry." Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics, 23(4), p. 340

Affect Grid: A single-item scale of pleasure and arousal.

1989-09-01

James A. Russell , A. P. Weiss , Gerald A. Mendelsohn

This article introduces a single-item scale, the Affect Grid, designed as a quick means of assessing affect along the dimensions of pleasure-displeasure and arousal-sleepiness. The Affect Grid is potentially suitable … This article introduces a single-item scale, the Affect Grid, designed as a quick means of assessing affect along the dimensions of pleasure-displeasure and arousal-sleepiness. The Affect Grid is potentially suitable for any study that requires judgments about affect of either a descriptive or a subjective kind. The scale was shown to have adequate reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity in 4 studies in which college students used the Affect Grid to describe (a) their current mood, (b) the meaning of emotion-related words, and (c) the feelings conveyed by facial expressions. Other studies are cited to illustrate the potential uses of the Affect Grid as a measure of mood. In this article, we introduce the Affect Grid, a scale designed as a quick means of assessing affect along the dimensions of pleasure-displeasure and arousal-sleepiness. The Affect Grid is potentially suitable for any study that requires judgments about affect of either a descriptive or a subjective kind. The Affect Grid is a single-item scale. Our aim was for an instrument that would be short and easy to fill out and that could, therefore, be used rapidly and repeatedly. Currently available scales of affect are multiple-item checklists or questionnaires that are too time-consuming or too distracting for some purposes. In particular, they do not lend themselves to continuous or quickly repeated observation. They are awkward in dealing with the rapid fluctuations of affect that occur, for example, in response to music, or for all we know, to many everyday emotion-laden events. In repeated-meas ures designs, subjects tiring of the same checklist may eventually become less conscientious or, in longitudinal studies, drop out of the study. Researchers who have wanted something quick and simple have sometimes resorted to homespun measures—with resulting uncertainty as to precisely what is being measured and how well. The Affect Grid is shown in Figure 1. The subject is asked to take several minutes beforehand to learn precisely how to use it. General instructions for this purpose are given in the Appendix.1 Once the subject understands these general instructions, he or she can then be given the Affect Grid together with whatever specific instructions are appropriate, such as Please rate

Seeing things: consumer response to the visual domain in product design

2004-04-21

Nathan Crilly , James Moultrie , P. John Clarkson

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The Different Roles of Product Appearance in Consumer Choice<sup>*</sup>

2004-12-22

Mariëlle E. H. Creusen , Jan Schoormans

Product design has been recognized as an opportunity for differential advantage in the market place. The appearance of a product influences consumer product choice in several ways. To help product … Product design has been recognized as an opportunity for differential advantage in the market place. The appearance of a product influences consumer product choice in several ways. To help product development managers in optimizing the appearance of products, the present study identified the different ways in which the appearance of a product plays a role in consumer product evaluation and, hence, choice. In addition, the implications for product design of each role are listed, and managerial recommendations for optimizing the appearance of products are given. Based on a literature review, six different roles of product appearance for consumers are identified: (1) communication of aesthetic, (2) symbolic, (3) functional, and (4) ergonomic information; (5) attention drawing; and (6) categorization. A product's appearance can have aesthetic and symbolic value for consumers, can communicate functional characteristics and give a quality impression (functional value), and can communicate ease of use (ergonomic value). In addition, it can draw attention and can influence the ease of categorization of the product. In a large qualitative study (N=142) it was tested whether these roles indeed exist in consumers' process of product choice and whether they are sufficient to describe the way in which product appearance plays a role for consumers. In addition, qualitative insight into these roles was gained. After making a choice between two answering machines, subjects were interviewed about the reasons for their choice and the product information they used to form the judgments underlying their choice reasons. The six appearance roles indeed proved relevant for consumers and were sufficient to describe the influence of product appearance on product choice. The number of ways in which appearance played a role for consumers differed between 0 and 5; most subjects mentioned two different ways in which appearance influenced their product choice. The aesthetic and symbolic roles were mentioned most often. The preferred shape (e.g., rounded or angular), color, or size were found to differ depending on the way in which product appearance played a role for subjects. For example, bright colors may be valued from an aesthetic point of view but may diminish the impression of quality (i.e., functional value). This makes it difficult to optimize all roles and illustrates that the product value that is most important for consumers when purchasing a specific kind of product should be the starting point in the design of the product appearance. Furthermore, the influence of shape, color, or size on a certain kind of product value—aesthetic, symbolic, ergonomic, or functional—differed between subjects. One person may like a rounded shape, while another may prefer a rectangular shape. This means that the value of guidelines indicating how the perception of a specific kind of product value can be engendered by means of shape, color, and size is limited. This is especially the case for aesthetic and symbolic product value, which are very personal. Therefore it is recommended to test the performance of the appearance of a newly developed product on these six roles with the target group of consumers. Insight into the different ways in which appearance characteristics, such as form and color, may influence consumer choice will increase managers' awareness about how to use product appearance as a marketing tool. In addition, distinguishing these six appearance roles will help product development managers to optimize the product appearance better to market needs, as the roles have different and sometimes even conflicting implications for the design of the product appearance.

The effect of emotion on cue utilization and the organization of behavior.

1959-01-01

JAMES A. EASTERBROOK

A description of the affective quality attributed to environments.

1980-02-01

James A. Russell , Geraldine Pratt

The meaning that persons attribute to environments is divided into perceptualcognitive meaning and affective meaning. Affective meaning is then conceptualized as a two-dimensional bipolar space that can be denned by … The meaning that persons attribute to environments is divided into perceptualcognitive meaning and affective meaning. Affective meaning is then conceptualized as a two-dimensional bipolar space that can be denned by eight variables falling in the following circular order around the perimeter: pleasant (arbitrarily set at 0°), exciting (45°), arousing (90°), distressing (135°), unpleasant (180°), gloomy (225°), sleepy (270°), and relaxing (315°, which is thus 45° from pleasant). Alternatively, the same space can be denned by two orthogonal bipolar dimensions of pleasant-unpl easant and arousing-sleepy—or equally well by exciting-gloomy and distressing-relaxing. Reliable verbal scales for these eight variables are developed and shown to approximate the proposed theoretical structure. Most of us would acknowledge the pervasive if subtle influence of affective responses on person-environment interactions. The English language provides hundreds of words, such as lively, boring, disgusting, and relaxing, that persons use to describe the affective quality of places. In spite of, or perhaps because of, this large array of affective descriptors, environmental psychologists have focused their attention on only a few and then only one at a time (such as degree of comfort, annoyance, pleasantness, or psychological stress), implicitly expressing pessimism about the possibility of including in their research or theorizing anything approaching a complete description and assessment of the affective quality attributed to places. Our thesis is that a very simple conceptualization can encompass the diverse affective concepts applied to molar physical environments. Theorists from widely differing vantage

Guided search: An alternative to the feature integration model for visual search.

1989-01-01

Jeremy M. Wolfe , Kyle R. Cave , Susan L. Franzel

Subjects searched sets of items for targets defined by conjunctions of color and form, color and orientation, or color and size. Set size was varied and reaction times (RT) were … Subjects searched sets of items for targets defined by conjunctions of color and form, color and orientation, or color and size. Set size was varied and reaction times (RT) were measured. For many unpracticed subjects, the slopes of the resulting RT X Set Size functions are too shallow to be consistent with Treisman's feature integration model, which proposes serial, self-terminating search for conjunctions. Searches for triple conjunctions (Color X Size X Form) are easier than searches for standard conjunctions and can be independent of set size. A guided search model similar to Hoffman's (1979) two-stage model can account for these data. In the model, parallel processes use information about simple features to guide attention in the search for conjunctions. Triple conjunctions are found more efficiently than standard conjunctions because three parallel processes can guide attention more effectively than two.

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A Cross-Cultural Study of the Affective Meanings of Color

1973-06-01

Francis M. Adams , Charles E. Osgood

Color data from the Osgood et al. 23-culture semantic differential study of affective meanings reveal cross-cultural similarities in feelings about colors. The concept RED is affectively quite salient. BLACK and … Color data from the Osgood et al. 23-culture semantic differential study of affective meanings reveal cross-cultural similarities in feelings about colors. The concept RED is affectively quite salient. BLACK and GREY are bad, and WHITE, BLUE, and GREEN are good. YELLOW, WHITE, and GREY are weak; RED and BLACK are strong. BLACK and GREY are passive; RED is active. The color component Brightness, as determined by comparing data on WHITE, GREY, and BLACK, is strongly associated with positive Evaluation, but also with negative Potency. Eighty-nine previous studies of color and affect were analyzed. They generally support these findings, and, together with the fact that there are very few exceptions in our data or the literature, lead one to believe that there are strong universal trends in the attribution of affect in the color domain.

Attention web designers: You have 50 milliseconds to make a good first impression!

2006-01-03

Gitte Lindgaard , Gary Fernandes , Cathy Dudek +1 more

Three studies were conducted to ascertain how quickly people form an opinion about web page visual appeal. In the first study, participants twice rated the visual appeal of web homepages … Three studies were conducted to ascertain how quickly people form an opinion about web page visual appeal. In the first study, participants twice rated the visual appeal of web homepages presented for 500 ms each. The second study replicated the first, but participants also rated each web page on seven specific design dimensions. Visual appeal was found to be closely related to most of these. Study 3 again replicated the 500 ms condition as well as adding a 50 ms condition using the same stimuli to determine whether the first impression may be interpreted as a 'mere exposure effect' (Zajonc 1980). Throughout, visual appeal ratings were highly correlated from one phase to the next as were the correlations between the 50 ms and 500 ms conditions. Thus, visual appeal can be assessed within 50 ms, suggesting that web designers have about 50 ms to make a good first impression.

Kansei Engineering: A new ergonomic consumer-oriented technology for product development

1995-01-01

Mitsuo Nagamachi

The pupil as a measure of emotional arousal and autonomic activation

2008-02-13

Margaret M. Bradley , Laura Miccoli , Miguel A. Escrig +1 more

Pupil diameter was monitored during picture viewing to assess effects of hedonic valence and emotional arousal on pupillary responses. Autonomic activity (heart rate and skin conductance) was concurrently measured to … Pupil diameter was monitored during picture viewing to assess effects of hedonic valence and emotional arousal on pupillary responses. Autonomic activity (heart rate and skin conductance) was concurrently measured to determine whether pupillary changes are mediated by parasympathetic or sympathetic activation. Following an initial light reflex, pupillary changes were larger when viewing emotionally arousing pictures, regardless of whether these were pleasant or unpleasant. Pupillary changes during picture viewing covaried with skin conductance change, supporting the interpretation that sympathetic nervous system activity modulates these changes in the context of affective picture viewing. Taken together, the data provide strong support for the hypothesis that the pupil's response during affective picture viewing reflects emotional arousal associated with increased sympathetic activity.

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Individual Differences in the Centrality of Visual Product Aesthetics: Concept and Measurement

2003-03-01

Peter Bloch , Frédéric F. Brunel , Todd J. Arnold

This research conceptualizes and develops a scale to measure individual differences in the centrality of visual product aesthetics (CVPA), defined as the level of significance that visual aesthetics hold for … This research conceptualizes and develops a scale to measure individual differences in the centrality of visual product aesthetics (CVPA), defined as the level of significance that visual aesthetics hold for a particular consumer in his/her relationship with products. Three related dimensions of product aesthetics centrality emerged from the research: value, acumen, and response intensity. A series of eight studies provided evidence that the CVPA measure possesses satisfactory reliability and validity. Additionally, this research illuminates important differences between high and low CVPA consumers in product-design-related evaluations and behaviors and provides suggestions for future research employing the scale.

Effects of Perceptual Fluency on Affective Judgments

1998-01-01

Rolf Reber , Piotr Winkielman , Norbert Schwarz

According to a two-step account of the mere-exposure effect, repeated exposure leads to the subjective feeling of perceptual fluency, which in turn influences liking. If so, perceptual fluency manipulated by … According to a two-step account of the mere-exposure effect, repeated exposure leads to the subjective feeling of perceptual fluency, which in turn influences liking. If so, perceptual fluency manipulated by means other than repetition should influence liking. In three experiments, effects of perceptual fluency on affective judgments were examined. In Experiment 1, higher perceptual fluency was achieved by presenting a matching rather than nonmatching prime before showing a target picture. Participants judged targets as prettier if preceded by a matching rather than nonmatching prime. In Experiment 2, perceptual fluency was manipulated by figure-ground contrast. Stimuli were judged as more pretty, and less ugly, the higher the contrast. In Experiment 3, perceptual fluency was manipulated by presentation duration. Stimuli shown for a longer duration were liked more, and disliked less. We conclude (a) that perceptual fluency increases liking and (b) that the experience of fluency is affectively positive, and hence attributed to positive but not to negative features, as reflected in a differential impact on positive and negative judgments.

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Color Psychology: Effects of Perceiving Color on Psychological Functioning in Humans

2013-06-29

Andrew J. Elliot , Markus Maier

Color is a ubiquitous perceptual stimulus that is often considered in terms of aesthetics. Here we review theoretical and empirical work that looks beyond color aesthetics to the link between … Color is a ubiquitous perceptual stimulus that is often considered in terms of aesthetics. Here we review theoretical and empirical work that looks beyond color aesthetics to the link between color and psychological functioning in humans. We begin by setting a historical context for research in this area, particularly highlighting methodological issues that hampered earlier empirical work. We proceed to overview theoretical and methodological advances during the past decade and conduct a review of emerging empirical findings. Our empirical review focuses especially on color in achievement and affiliation/attraction contexts, but it also covers work on consumer behavior as well as food and beverage evaluation and consumption. The review clearly shows that color can carry important meaning and can have an important impact on people's affect, cognition, and behavior. The literature remains at a nascent stage of development, however, and we note that considerable work on boundary conditions, moderators, and real-world generalizability is needed before strong conceptual statements and recommendations for application are warranted. We provide suggestions for future research and conclude by emphasizing the broad promise of research in this area.

Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential

1994-03-01

Margaret M. Bradley , Peter J. Lang

What is beautiful is good.

1972-01-01

Karen K. Dion , Ellen Berscheid , Elaine Walster

Cue Utilization in the Quality Perception Process

1972-01-01

Jerry C. Olson , Jacob Jacoby

Design and Evaluation of a Short Version of the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ-S)

2017-01-01

Martin Schrepp , Andreas Hinderks , Jörg Thomaschewski

The user experience questionnaire (UEQ) is a widely used questionnaire to measure the subjective impression of users towards the user experience of products.The UEQ is a semantic differential with 26 … The user experience questionnaire (UEQ) is a widely used questionnaire to measure the subjective impression of users towards the user experience of products.The UEQ is a semantic differential with 26 items.Filling out the UEQ takes approximately 3-5 minutes, i.e. the UEQ is already reasonably efficient concerning the time required to answer all items.However, there exist several valid application scenarios, where filling out the entire UEQ appears impractical.This paper deals with the creation of an 8 item short version of the UEQ, which is optimized for these specific application scenarios.First validations of this short version are also described.

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International affective picture system (IAPS) : affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual

2005-01-01

Pj. Lang

Eye Movements and Vision

1967-01-01

Alfred L. Yarbus

Sensory Communication

1961-12-01

Perceptual Organization

1982-01-01

John B. Pittenger , Michael Kubovy , James R. Pomerantz

The Effects of Color on Emotions

2013-02-19

Barbara A. Kane , Julie E. Campbell , Gary S. Katz

Conditional and unconditional automaticity: A dual-process model of effects of spatial stimulus-response correspondence.

1994-01-01

Ritske de Jong , Chia-Chin Liang , Erick J. Lauber

Picture Theory: Essays on Verbal and Visual Representation

1995-01-01

Rudolf Arnheim , William J. Mitchell

The Perception of the Visual World

1951-10-01

W. C. H. Prentice , James J. Gibson

The Perception of the Visual World

1951-07-01

James J. Gibson

Evaluation of color usage in modular children's room furniture in the last 25 years

2025-06-24

Gizem Özer Baş , Eymen Tatlıhayat | Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi

It is known that the use of furniture produced in a form and color suitable for the child's development provides positive contributions to the child's fine motor capacity and psychology. … It is known that the use of furniture produced in a form and color suitable for the child's development provides positive contributions to the child's fine motor capacity and psychology. The main objective of this study is to analyze the transformations in children’s room furniture design over the past 25 years. It was aimed to reveal the change in the use of color in modular wooden products over years. Data were obtained using literature research, examination of source data and comparative analysis methods. Following literature research and examinations, children's room furniture designs created in the early 2000s, and furniture designs created in 2025 were examined in terms of color use using the comparative analysis method. In total, furniture designs from six companies were evaluated using paired visuals targeting the same age group and functional purpose. It has been determined that more prominent colors such as those used extensively in the children's room furniture designs produced in the early 2000s, and in the following years, neutral colors and soft tones were used extensively in modular furniture designs, with a predominance of white.

The Impact of Virtual Reality Immersive Light Art on Anxiety Reduction: Exploring the Role of Color Combinations and Emotional Perception

2025-06-24

Shih-Yun Lu , Qian Li | International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction

Smart Home Product Creation Under Emotional Design Principles and Consumer Perceptions

2025-06-20

Xin Zhang | International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction

Exploring functional zone-dependent nonlinear associations between objective features and subjective perceptions: A case study in Beijing

2025-06-20

Zixuan Wang , Xiang Zhang , Yuchuan Zhou +2 more | International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation

Analyzing Discourse Patterns Across Dapitan’s Kinabayo Festival Tarpaulins

2025-06-19

Naomie S. Baguinat | Sprin Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper analyzes tarpaulins produced for the Kinabayo Festival (KF) in Dapitan City every July 25 in commemoration of the Moro invasion heroism of the horse-riding apparition carrying a sword, … This paper analyzes tarpaulins produced for the Kinabayo Festival (KF) in Dapitan City every July 25 in commemoration of the Moro invasion heroism of the horse-riding apparition carrying a sword, Senyor Santiago. The KF has instigated to be a religious spectacle among Dapitan aficionados, but through the years, it diversely evolved into a social and economic rather a historical, cultural and spiritual event. To qualitatively analyze how visual elements in KF tarpaulins contribute to this shift in perception, tarpaulins designed every July from 2013 to 2018 were purposively-chosen and subjected to Multimodal Discourse Analysis, guided by Kress and van Leeuwen’s visual grammar to interpret conveyed meanings. The study revealed that the deployment of dynamic modes reflected in KF tarpaulins highlights the city’s glorious history and culture and picturesque landscape and landmarks entailing vitality, innovation and modernization effectively market Dapitan City. However, the constructed meanings within these images frame the KF as a social and economic affair rather than a religious event. The study underscores the role of artists as empowered cultural mediators who navigate between traditional moral sensibilities and progressive artistic expression. To enhance the effectiveness of festival promotions, the local government unit (LGU) or relevant offices, such as the city tourism department, should consider commissioning artists who are not only skilled in graphic design but also visually literate in semiotics. Artists reveal moral sensibilities and cultural norms likewise conservative, but progressive and attentive making them empowered information producers, however, to serve the purpose, the local government unit (LGU) or relevant offices such as the city tourism may put emphasis on commissioning artists who are not only credentialed in graphics and designing but also visually literate who can produce a meaningful visual text in shaping the local culture to significantly promote agreement between and among consumers and producers. Alternatively, seeking consultation from a semiotician before production could ensure that the visual narratives align with the intended cultural messaging, fostering a more meaningful connection between producers and audiences.

Influence of the Acoustic Background on the Selection of Visual Stimuli by Children of Early Preschool Age

2025-06-19

Kuznetsova Tg , Maxim L. Struzhkin , E. A. Rodina +1 more | Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology

An integrated consensus reaching process for product appearance design decision-making: Combining trust and empathy relationships

2025-06-19

Yanpu Yang , Jialing Liu , Wei Meng +2 more | Advanced Engineering Informatics

Political Branding: The use of campaign color as symbolism of platforms among the Philippine presidential candidates in the 2022 elections

2025-06-19

Christal Jane B Alturas , Jessica Khendy P Balanza , Precious Lyca Cabalse +3 more | Diversitas Journal

In a very complex nature of politics, color serves as a low-level heuristic for voters, especially the use of campaign color as a symbolism of platforms. This study sought to … In a very complex nature of politics, color serves as a low-level heuristic for voters, especially the use of campaign color as a symbolism of platforms. This study sought to determine the level of agreement on the universal meaning of the different colors chosen by the Presidential candidates during the 2022 national elections; the level of agreement if the political colors of the presidential candidates and its representation to their political platforms; and if these chosen political colors correspond to the platforms of the presidential candidates among the students of the School of Teachers and Liberal Arts of the University of Baguio. A mixed method with a self-constructed questionnaire using the Likert Scale to determine the level of agreement among the 143 respondents and an interview with 8 informants among the students was used in this study. The study revealed that the color Red is the most misinterpreted color because of its historical and psychological connotations which led to its negative symbolism. While both Pink and Blue, showed a positive result because of their psychological, cultural, and political aspect. Furthermore, all colors aligned with their platforms except the color Red by Marcos with his platform about Unity. Additionally, the presidential candidates' platforms were based on their personal and political factors. Overall, the research suggests that there’s still no established meaning of political colors in our country and that voters still take issue with what the colors truly represent.

Semantic colors: Using abstraction to create scalable design systems

2025-06-19

P.K. Tewari | World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences

This article examines the foundational principles and systematic application of color within large-scale design systems through semantic abstraction. It details a methodology for leveraging color tokens to ensure scalability, maintainability, … This article examines the foundational principles and systematic application of color within large-scale design systems through semantic abstraction. It details a methodology for leveraging color tokens to ensure scalability, maintainability, and consistent brand identity across diverse digital platforms. The system's core is a semantically structured color palette, categorized for specific UI purposes, including Brand, Text and Icon, Background, Border, and General UI elements. A critical aspect of this color system is its inherent commitment to accessibility, with color pairings designed to meet WCAG guidelines, ensuring usability for a wide range of users. The article explores how such a semantically designed and accessibility-conscious color system not only reinforces brand identity but also streamlines the design and development process, leading to more coherent and inclusive user experiences. This approach offers a robust model for developing comprehensive color strategies in complex product ecosystems.

A METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF PEDESTRIANS IN A SHOPPING STREET WITH VISUAL SALIENCY MAP IN REAL AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS

2025-06-19

Ryo TAKAI , Takuya Oki | AIJ Journal of Technology and Design

Development of New Functional Packages of Textile Materials with IR-Reflecting Properties for Ensuring Personal Safety in the Digital Epoch

2025-06-18

I. N. Tyurin , N. A. Solnykov , V. V. Getmantseva +2 more | Fibre Chemistry

Emotional and Sensory characterization of Thermoplastic surfaces with different roughness

2025-06-18

Cyril Bertheaux , Laetitia Grout , Ioan-Alexandru Ivan +4 more | Surface Topography Metrology and Properties

Abstract Design of products involves functional and sensory aspects, where surfaces play an important role. This study uses (i) sensory attributes to show that tactile sensation is highly dependent on … Abstract Design of products involves functional and sensory aspects, where surfaces play an important role. This study uses (i) sensory attributes to show that tactile sensation is highly dependent on surface roughness, and (ii) variation in pupil diameter to suggest that roughness close to fingerprint geometry causes less arousal. A panel of over 30 participants explored six plexiglass surfaces with different roughnesses generated by variations in milling speed and depth. The pattern obtained on the samples is periodic in one direction, with an average wavelength between 113µm to 600µm and an average height between 13µm and 123µm. During a blind touch, the sensory attributes of smoothness, grip and quality of each sample were evaluated by the panellists, as well as the emotional attributes of valence and arousal. The evolution of pupil diameter over time was also recorded, and its average value during the first two seconds of touch was considered as a new emotional attribute. These attributes made it possible to calculate six centred indicators, ranging between -1 and 1, for each panellist and each sample. Statistical analysis of these indicators showed that the declared valence is correlated with smoothness, grip, and quality, all gradually decreasing as roughness increases. These results will allow product designers to improve the hedonic experience of future users. To more precisely analyse arousal, valence, and the evolution of pupil diameter, three of the six samples, manufactured with the same cutting tool, were considered. Valence and arousal appeared relatively difficult to verbalised, but the pupil diameter allowed the samples to be discriminated. The sample with a roughness close to the geometry of the fingerprint appeared to be the least emotional.

Exploring the importance of shape on dynamic recognition of self-face or friend-face

2025-06-17

Sogo Yumura , Karen Lander , Miyuki Kamachi | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> Our own face is well-known to us but it is unclear whether we perceive it in the same way as other familiar faces. Unlike others’ faces, self-faces provide limited … <title>Abstract</title> Our own face is well-known to us but it is unclear whether we perceive it in the same way as other familiar faces. Unlike others’ faces, self-faces provide limited opportunities to observe facial motion. This study investigated the importance of shape when recognizing self or friend from dynamic face clips. Dynamic sequences were created using Deepfake, manipulating face shape and motion independently. In both experiments, participants observed a visually presented face and identified whether the face motion was self or friend. In Experiment 1, face shape was manipulated to match or mismatch the dynamic parameters of the observed person. In Experiment 2, the contribution of self- and friend shape was manipulated in a series of stages to match or mismatch the dynamic parameters. The results showed the identification of the friend’s face motion was independent of the observed face shape. However, self-face motion could not be clearly identified until the face shape was judged to be self-face. These results support the prediction that self-face motion identification is more dependent on face shape, compared another familiar face. We propose that self-faces may have specific perceptual characteristics that are distinct from the recognition of other familiar faces.

Symmetrical Traditional Patterns and User Perception: A Study on Innovation in Home Textile Design

2025-06-17

Moshi Qin , Jianfang Wang , Xueying Ding +1 more | Symmetry

With the increasing diversification of modern home textile design (HTD), the integration of traditional cultural elements has become an important trend. This study investigates the impact of symmetry in traditional … With the increasing diversification of modern home textile design (HTD), the integration of traditional cultural elements has become an important trend. This study investigates the impact of symmetry in traditional patterns on the optimization of home textile product design and examines its role in consumer acceptance. First, the affinity diagram method was employed to collect core affective vocabularies. Based on a selection of home textile products incorporating traditional patterns available in the market, a questionnaire was developed to solicit consumers’ evaluations of these affective descriptors. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to extract key perceptual dimensions, with particular emphasis on the influence of pattern symmetry on consumer perception. Subsequently, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) was applied to determine the relative weights of the affective terms. Incorporating expert input, five representative traditional patterns from the Homespun Fabric of Jiangnan (HFoJ) were selected and reinterpreted with a focus on symmetrical design. Through the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method, the effective vocabularies were mapped to the redesigned patterns, leading to the identification of the scheme that most effectively embodied the symmetrical principle for integration into HTD. Finally, the Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) was used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of multiple design alternatives. The optimal design was selected and subsequently validated through consumer feedback to assess its market feasibility. This study contributes a symmetric approach to the application of symmetry in traditional pattern design, offering both traditional insights and practical guidance for the modernization and innovative transformation of cultural elements in HTD.

Colour strategies in mental health promotion posters in China and the UK: a cross-cultural pattern recognition analysis

2025-06-17

Ming Cheung , Guobin Xia , Yixuan Wang | Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine

Mental health promotion is increasingly recognised as a global imperative, with visual communication-including posters displayed on websites-playing a crucial role in shaping public perception and fostering awareness about human well-being. … Mental health promotion is increasingly recognised as a global imperative, with visual communication-including posters displayed on websites-playing a crucial role in shaping public perception and fostering awareness about human well-being. This article reports a cross-cultural pattern recognition analysis involving two colour studies. Study 1 investigates the use of colours in mental health promotion posters displayed on Chinese and British university websites of Nanjing, Shenzhen, Edinburgh, and London. Computational methods, including K-means clustering and Euclidean distance metrics within the CIELAB colour space, were employed to analyse the 30 most prevalent colours used in the poster designs. The findings reveal that Chinese posters predominantly feature vibrant, warm colours, while British posters use a varied palette and favour cooler, muted tones. Study 2 explores similarities and differences in colour choices perceived as relevant for use in mental health posters by visual designers of the four cities. By offering a city-level comparison, the study uncovers nuanced distinctions in how regional contexts influence colour choices and shape visual trends with regard to mental health promotion. The results advocate for the integration of data-driven and human-centred insights into the understanding of colour choices to ensure that mental health promotion remains both visually engaging and perceptually relevant across diverse global audiences.

The Effects of Time of Day on the Purchase of New Commodity Food Products

2025-06-17

Minji Seo , Junghoon Moon | Journal of Food Products Marketing

Combining aesthetics and efficiency: PCM applications in Flemish bond walls

2025-06-17

Ammar Saliby , Béla Kovács | Pollack Periodica

Abstract Increasing energy demand in buildings requires efficient strategies. This study explores Flemish bond walls with phase change materials to reduce energy consumption. A numerical analysis focused on temperature regulation … Abstract Increasing energy demand in buildings requires efficient strategies. This study explores Flemish bond walls with phase change materials to reduce energy consumption. A numerical analysis focused on temperature regulation and heat transfer in Miskolc, Hungary. Results show Flemish bond structures reduce energy transfer by 6%, while phase change materials enhance this by up to 21% through latent heat storage. This synergy improves thermal stability and energy efficiency, presenting a promising sustainable building solution. The findings highlight phase change materials in Flemish bond walls as an innovative approach to passive thermal management.

Pupil-linked arousal does not differ between white, pink and brown noises

2025-06-17

Mercede Erfanian , Maria Chait , Jian Kang | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Coloured noises, such as white, pink, and brown noise, have gained attention in popular media as potential tools for enhancing memory consolidation, sleep quality, attentional focus, and more. These terms … Coloured noises, such as white, pink, and brown noise, have gained attention in popular media as potential tools for enhancing memory consolidation, sleep quality, attentional focus, and more. These terms refer to distinct spectral slopes, which give rise to perceptually different noise stimuli. Although empirical research on their effects remains limited, a prevailing hypothesis suggests that their influence may be mediated by differential effects on arousal. In this study, we investigated this hypothesis using pupillometry, a physiological marker closely linked to arousal. Participants (N = 31) listened to three types of noise (white, pink, and brown), each presented for 10 sec, while their pupil diameter was recorded. The results showed no significant modulation of pupil size across noise conditions. These findings suggest that, despite widespread claims about the distinct arousing or calming properties of coloured noises, they do not differentially affect sustained pupil-linked arousal.

The Zeitgeist of Longyuan: The Simple and Honest Colors of Gansu Oil Paintings Selected for The 14th National Exhibition of Fine Arts

2025-06-16

X. Yue | Critical humanistic social theory.

“The 14th National Exhibition of Fine Arts Oil Painting Exhibition” Gansu selected fourteen pieces of oil paintings. Over the past five years, Gansu oil painters have firmly grasped the pulse … “The 14th National Exhibition of Fine Arts Oil Painting Exhibition” Gansu selected fourteen pieces of oil paintings. Over the past five years, Gansu oil painters have firmly grasped the pulse of the new era, focusing on capturing the humanistic concern and scanning the reality of people's livelihood at the present time, and highlighting the spirit of the nation while embodying the aesthetic orientation of truth, goodness and beauty. This paper takes the current art exhibition of Gansu oil paintings as the vision, discusses the new changes of Gansu oil paintings in the new period, which not only shows that Gansu oil painters are based on Longyuan plateau land, promote the sense of responsibility and mission of Chinese excellent traditional culture in artistic creation. But also presents the simple color of Gansu oil paintings, expresses the development of the society and the historical changes in the language of oil paintings, and shapes the social life, political culture and people's image of Gansu in the new period, building up a unique Longyuan zeitgeist.

Pengaruh Neon Flex terhadap Daya Tarik Visual dan Citra Merek di Kalangan Konsumen Surabaya

2025-06-15

Ilham Habib Daniel Saputra , Septa Nugroho , Bagus Hartanto +2 more | Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual.

Dalam era digital yang menekankan aspek visual, estetika pencahayaan menjadi komponen penting dalam strategi branding, khususnya di lingkungan urban seperti Surabaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan Neon Flex … Dalam era digital yang menekankan aspek visual, estetika pencahayaan menjadi komponen penting dalam strategi branding, khususnya di lingkungan urban seperti Surabaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan Neon Flex terhadap daya tarik visual dan citra merek. Dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode survei terhadap 52 responden, analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Neon Flex memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap daya tarik visual (R² = 0,654) dan citra merek (R² = 0,744). Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa elemen pencahayaan seperti Neon Flex tidak hanya meningkatkan tampilan visual, tetapi juga berperan strategis dalam membentuk persepsi dan loyalitas konsumen terhadap merek. Neon Flex terbukti menjadi elemen visual yang efektif dalam memperkuat identitas merek, khususnya bagi pelaku UMKM dan bisnis ritel di wilayah urban.

Evaluation of the Visual Environment of Community Third Places Based on Emotional Perceptions

2025-06-15

Changchun Liu , S. Chen , Yumeng Jin | Buildings

A well-designed visual environment in community third places has significant positive effects on residents’ emotional well-being. Only a few studies have examined these effects; therefore, this study comprehensively explores the … A well-designed visual environment in community third places has significant positive effects on residents’ emotional well-being. Only a few studies have examined these effects; therefore, this study comprehensively explores the effect of the visual environment on emotions through perception evaluations and physio-logical feedback data in a community café. The results show that light color temperature, light illuminance, spatial scale, interface decoration, illumination mode, and table and chair layout have significant effects on perception evaluation, while physiological feedback is significantly affected by light illuminance, spatial scale, illumination mode, and indoor plants. Neutral or warm light color temperatures, moderate or larger spatial scales, more interface decorations, and arranged table and chair layouts can significantly enhance positive emotions such as joy and optimism. Larger or smaller spatial scales, mixed or natural illumination modes, and fewer indoor plants significantly improve the fixation count and saccade count. In addition, there is a weak correlation between perception evaluation of emotions and physiological feedback. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for improving the visual environment of the community third places and promoting the emotional recovery of residents.

Exploring extensions of neurotransmitter-based emotion models

2025-06-14

João Ricardo Pinheiro , Paulo de Tarso Fernandes , Augusto Baffa +1 more | Journal on Interactive Systems

Advancements in artificial intelligence have significantly enhanced the gaming experience, enabling more engaging and adaptive interactions between players and digital characters. A key aspect of this progress is the ability … Advancements in artificial intelligence have significantly enhanced the gaming experience, enabling more engaging and adaptive interactions between players and digital characters. A key aspect of this progress is the ability of non-player characters (NPCs) to display more lifelike realistic emotional responses that simulate the fluid and unpredictable nature of human emotions. This work presents a novel emotion model integrating Lövheim’s Cube of Emotions with Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions, combining the dynamic aspects of the former with the detailed structure of the latter. The model was expanded from a 22-emotion, 21-point mapping to a more detailed version with 24 emotions across 52 points, allowing for better emotional differentiation. Two algorithms were upgraded and tested: an extended cube of emotions using the Euclidean distance, and the same cube incorporating fuzzy logic. Both methods showed significantly better results than their previous versions, with the Euclidean being the best overall. That indicates a more precise mapping of emotions. However, it can only return one emotion at a time. While the Fuzzy Logic method allows for more than one emotional response at the same time, associating neurotransmitters and emotions within fuzzy rules was quite complex.

Designing a Website-Based Inventory Information System at 'NeoSkin' Cosmetics Store Using User-Centered Design

2025-06-14

Evlyn Jane Putri , Devi Fedrianingsih , Meilani Jesica +6 more | Deleted Journal

Inventory system plays an important role in managing inventory in the warehouse, especially for companies engaged in product sales. in the field of product sales. NeoSkin, as one of the … Inventory system plays an important role in managing inventory in the warehouse, especially for companies engaged in product sales. in the field of product sales. NeoSkin, as one of the cosmetics stores, needs an effective and efficient system to manage inventory reports. an effective and efficient system to manage inventory reports in a structured manner. in a structured manner. This research aims to design and develop web-based Inventory Information System at NeoSkin cosmetics store, with a User Centered Design (UCD) approach that focuses on the needs of users. User Centered Design (UCD) approach that focuses on the needs and experience of users. user experience. Black Box Testing is used to ensure that the system system functions properly and according to user needs.

The Impact of Color Blindness on Player Engagement and Emotional Experiences: A Multimodal Study in a Game-Based Environment

2025-06-13

Merve Tillem , Ahmet Gün | Multimodal Technologies and Interaction

Color blindness can create challenges in recognizing visual cues, potentially affecting players’ performance, emotional involvement, and overall gaming experience. This study examines the impact of color blindness on player engagement … Color blindness can create challenges in recognizing visual cues, potentially affecting players’ performance, emotional involvement, and overall gaming experience. This study examines the impact of color blindness on player engagement and emotional experiences in digital games. The research aims to analyze how color-blind individuals engage with and emotionally respond to games, offering insights into more inclusive and accessible game design. An experiment-based study was conducted using a between-group design with a total of 13 participants, including 5 color-blind and 8 non-color-blind participants (aged 18–30). The sample was carefully selected to ensure participants had similar levels of digital gaming experience and familiarity with digital games, reducing potential biases related to skill or prior exposure. A custom-designed game, “Color Quest,” was developed to assess engagement and emotional responses. Emotional responses were measured through Emotion AI analysis, video recordings, and self-reported feedback forms. Participants were also asked to rate their engagement and emotional experience on a 1 to 5 scale, with additional qualitative feedback collected for deeper insights. The results indicate that color-blind players generally reported lower engagement levels compared to non-color-blind players. Although quantitative data did not reveal a direct correlation between color blindness and visual experience, self-reported feedback suggests that color-related design choices negatively impact emotional involvement and player immersion. Furthermore, in the survey responses from participants, color-blind individuals rated their experiences lower compared to individuals with normal vision. Participants emphasized that certain visual elements created difficulties in gameplay, and alternative sensory cues, such as audio feedback, helped mitigate these challenges. This study presents an experimental evaluation of color blindness in gaming, emphasizing how sensory adaptation strategies can support player engagement and emotional experience. This study contributes to game accessibility research by highlighting the importance of perceptual diversity and inclusive sensory design in enhancing player engagement for color-blind individuals.

Smart Textile Design: A Systematic Review of Materials and Technologies for Textile Interaction and User Experience Evaluation Methods

2025-06-13

Manoella Guennes Tavares de Oliveira , Joana Cunha , Isabel Cabral | Technologies

Creating meaningful interactions using smart textiles involves both a comprehensive understanding of relevant materials and technologies (M&T) and how users engage with this type of interface. Despite its relevance to … Creating meaningful interactions using smart textiles involves both a comprehensive understanding of relevant materials and technologies (M&T) and how users engage with this type of interface. Despite its relevance to design research, user experience (UX) evaluation remains limited within the smart textile field. This research aims to systematize information regarding the main M&T used in recent smart textile design research and the evaluation methods (EMs) employed to assess the UX. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted in the Scopus database. The search covered the period from 2018 to 2025 and yielded a total of 232 results. Of these, 56 full papers in English, available on the internet, and focusing on experimental research on smart textile interaction and experience evaluation were included. This review identifies the prevalent use of electronic components and conductive materials, emphasizing the importance of selecting materials that enable sensing, actuation, communication, and processing capabilities. UX evaluation focused on the pragmatic dimension, whereas the combination with the hedonic dimension was generally regarded as future work. The study led to the proposal of four key topics to support the creation of meaningful interactions and highlights the need for further research on evaluating users’ emotional experiences with smart textiles.

Automated Color Coding in Musculoskeletal MR Imaging

2025-06-13

Saavi Reddy Pellakuru , Sonal Saran , Syed Alam +3 more | iRadiology

ABSTRACT Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial in modern medical diagnostics, providing detailed insights into soft tissue structures and pathological changes. Traditional grayscale images can sometimes obscure critical details, … ABSTRACT Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial in modern medical diagnostics, providing detailed insights into soft tissue structures and pathological changes. Traditional grayscale images can sometimes obscure critical details, complicating accurate interpretations. Automated color coding of the MRI signal intensities may enhance the visualization of various pathologies, potentially leading to improved diagnostic accuracy and image quality. This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of color‐coded MR image reconstruction in enhancing both diagnostic precision and overall image quality in musculoskeletal MRI. Methods Two fellowship‐trained musculoskeletal radiologists evaluated the images reconstructed with color coding, rating their diagnostic value, image quality, and visual appeal using a five‐point Likert scale. To assess interrater reliability, Cohen's Kappa statistical analysis was performed. Additionally, descriptive statistics summarizing the Likert scores for diagnostic value, image quality, and visual appeal of the reconstructed images have been described. Results Statistical analysis of the data revealed that the diagnostic value, image value, and visual appeal of the color‐coded MR images were excellent in almost two‐thirds of the data set. The minimum Likert score recorded was 3, signifying a good quality rating. Conclusion Our study shows positive results, supporting the efficiency of color‐coded MR imaging in aiding the conventional gray scale MR imaging to improve its diagnostic efficiency.

Text-to-image models reveal specific color-emotion associations

2025-06-13

Jorge Alvarado | Frontiers in Psychology

Text-to-image models learn associations between human-provided image tags and image features over billions of examples. As a result, such models provide a powerful mean to study the psychological relationships between … Text-to-image models learn associations between human-provided image tags and image features over billions of examples. As a result, such models provide a powerful mean to study the psychological relationships between colors and emotions. We generated images for different emotions descriptions varying in valence, arousal and dominance across several subjects and then extracted color features (chroma and L*a*b* values) from the resultant images to find color-emotion associations. Results show a joint effect of red and chroma to generate effects of joy, rage and negative powerless. In addition, lightness is key in generating effects of serenity, threat and a relief/stress divergence. Dominance emerged as an important dimension to understand interactions and nuances in color-emotion associations. The study highlights that specific combination of color elements convey emotions, rather than and beyond simple associations such as red-anger or lightness-valence.

Color-Based Models for Emotions Expressing for Robots: A Vietnamese Pilot Research

2025-06-13

Dao Thanh Huyen , Nghia Thi , Suzuka Tanaka +1 more | Vietnam Journal of Computer Science

Analyzing emotion, stress, and quality of experience in response to multiple sensorial media: a user’s feedback-based study

2025-06-13

Aasim Raheel , Muhammad Majid | Multimedia Tools and Applications

Exploring the nonlinear impact of visual environment on residents’ happiness: a computational framework integrating semantic and geometric features

2025-06-12

Dongyang Wang , Yandong Wang , Mingxuan Dou +3 more | Geo-spatial Information Science