Arts and Humanities â€ș History

Reformation and Early Modern Christianity

Description

This cluster of papers encompasses a wide range of topics related to the Reformation, Calvinism, religious controversy, church history, and social and cultural dynamics in Early Modern Europe. It explores the theological, political, and societal implications of the Reformation movement and its influence on various aspects of European life during that period.

Keywords

Reformation; Calvinism; Religious Controversy; Church History; Early Modern Europe; Theology; Biblical Scholarship; Political Polarization; Social History; Cultural Identity

(1988). MIDWIVES VERSUS DOCTORS: THE CASE OF LOUISE BOURGEOIS. The Seventeenth Century: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 135-157. (1988). MIDWIVES VERSUS DOCTORS: THE CASE OF LOUISE BOURGEOIS. The Seventeenth Century: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 135-157.
Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church Get access Notes and Queries, Volume s7-XII, Issue 298, 12 September 1891, Page 220, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s7-XII.298.220a Published: 12 September 1891 Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church Get access Notes and Queries, Volume s7-XII, Issue 298, 12 September 1891, Page 220, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s7-XII.298.220a Published: 12 September 1891
Book Review| September 01 1972 The Acts of the Christian Martyrs The Acts of the Christian Martyrs, Herbert Musurillo. Robert M. Grant Robert M. Grant Search for other works by 
 Book Review| September 01 1972 The Acts of the Christian Martyrs The Acts of the Christian Martyrs, Herbert Musurillo. Robert M. Grant Robert M. Grant Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Biblical Literature (1972) 91 (3): 439–440. https://doi.org/10.2307/3263195 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Robert M. Grant; The Acts of the Christian Martyrs. Journal of Biblical Literature 1 September 1972; 91 (3): 439–440. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3263195 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveSBL PressJournal of Biblical Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 1972 Society of Biblical Literature1972 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
This book investigates the ways in which literacy was important in early mediaeval Europe, and examines the context of literacy, its uses, levels, and distribution, in a number of different 
 This book investigates the ways in which literacy was important in early mediaeval Europe, and examines the context of literacy, its uses, levels, and distribution, in a number of different early mediaeval societies between c. 400 and c. 1000. The studies, by leading scholars in the field, set out to provide the factual basis from which assessments of the significance of literacy in the early mediaeval world can be made, as well as analysing the significance of literacy, its implications, and its consequences for the societies in which we observe it. In all cases, the studies represent recent research and bring evidence such as the recent archaeological discoveries at San Vincenzo al Volturno to the subject. They provide fascinating insight into the attitudes of early mediaeval societies towards the written word and the degree to which these attitudes were formed. This period is shown as fundamental for the subsequent uses of literacy in mediaeval and modern Europe.
This investigation attempts primarily to untangle the complex publishing history of the works of Nicholas Culpeper (1616-54), astrological herbalist and translator of Latin medical works. It therefore identifies those works 
 This investigation attempts primarily to untangle the complex publishing history of the works of Nicholas Culpeper (1616-54), astrological herbalist and translator of Latin medical works. It therefore identifies those works published in seventeenth-century London: the study indicates that London stationers capitalized on the reputation of Nicholas Culpeper to build the widest possible market for his original astrological/herbal medical works and his translations from continental authors.
The city s development from ancient times to the modern age. Winner of the National Book Award. One of the major works of scholarship of the twentieth century (Christian Science 
 The city s development from ancient times to the modern age. Winner of the National Book Award. One of the major works of scholarship of the twentieth century (Christian Science Monitor). Index; illustrations.
This monumental study of medieval law and sexual conduct explores the origin and develpment of the Christian church's sex law and the systems of belief upon which that law rested. 
 This monumental study of medieval law and sexual conduct explores the origin and develpment of the Christian church's sex law and the systems of belief upon which that law rested. Focusing on the Church's own legal system of canon law, James A. Brundage offers a comprehensive history of legal doctrines-covering the millennium from A.D. 500 to 1500-concerning a wide variety of sexual behavior, including marital sex, adultery, homosexuality, concubinage, prostitution, masturbation, and incest. His survey makes strikingly clear how the system of sexual control in a world we have half-forgotten has shaped the world in which we live today. The regulation of marriage and divorce as we know it today, together with the outlawing of bigamy and polygamy and the imposition of criminal sanctions on such activities as sodomy, fellatio, cunnilingus, and bestiality, are all based in large measure upon ideas and beliefs about sexual morality that became law in Christian Europe in the Middle Ages. Brundage's book is consistently learned, enormously useful, and frequently entertaining. It is the best we have on the relationships between theological norms, legal principles, and sexual practice.-Peter Iver Kaufman, Church History
This text explores the invention of sodomy in medieval Christendom, examining its conceptual foundations in theology and gauging its impact on Christian sexual ethics both then and now. It traces 
 This text explores the invention of sodomy in medieval Christendom, examining its conceptual foundations in theology and gauging its impact on Christian sexual ethics both then and now. It traces the historical genealogy of this enduring cultural construct through many of the idiosyncratic worldviews of the Middle Ages - worldviews at war with themselves in their attitudes toward sex, love and eroticism. Moving from poetic conceit through medieval treatise to confessor's manual and scholastic summa, the text demonstrates that the medieval notion of sodomy was fashioned out of conceptual instabilities and tensions.
INTRODUCTION: A Biblical Culture. THE REVOLUTIONARY BIBLE: Before 1640 Fast Sermons and Politics, 1640-1660 Metaphors and Programmes Wilderness, the Garden and the Hedge Poverty, Usury and Debt Political Divisions and 
 INTRODUCTION: A Biblical Culture. THE REVOLUTIONARY BIBLE: Before 1640 Fast Sermons and Politics, 1640-1660 Metaphors and Programmes Wilderness, the Garden and the Hedge Poverty, Usury and Debt Political Divisions and the Civil War Liberty and Libertinism Bible and Radical Politics. INTERNATIONAL CATHOLICISM AND NATIONAL POLITICS: Decalogue and Idolatry Chosen Nation, Chosen People Covenanted Peoples: Scotland and England God is Leaving England Reign of the Saints Antichrist and his Armies The Man of Blood. THE BIBLE AND ENGLISH LITERATURE: Some Biblical Influences Milton, Bunyan and Marvell. THE END OF THE REVOLUTIONARY BIBLE: Bible and an Unequal Society Bible Dethroned Unfinished Business. Appendices: God and Highwayman A Note on Liberation Theology.
Preview this article: The Binding Hierarchy and the Typology of Complements, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/sl.4.3.03giv-1.gif Preview this article: The Binding Hierarchy and the Typology of Complements, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/sl.4.3.03giv-1.gif
In 1957 Ernst Kantorowicz published a book that would be the guide for generations of scholars through the arcane mysteries of medieval In Two Bodies, Kantorowicz traces the historical problem 
 In 1957 Ernst Kantorowicz published a book that would be the guide for generations of scholars through the arcane mysteries of medieval In Two Bodies, Kantorowicz traces the historical problem posed by the King's two bodies--the body politic and the body natural--back to the Middle Ages and demonstrates, by placing the concept in its proper setting of medieval thought and theory, how the early-modern Western monarchies gradually began to develop a political theology. The king's natural body has physical attributes, suffers, and dies, naturally, as do all humans; but the king's other body, the spiritual body, transcends the earthly and serves as a symbol of his office as majesty with the divine right to rule. The notion of the two bodies allowed for the continuity of monarchy even when the monarch died, as summed up in the formulation king is dead. Long live the king. Bringing together liturgical works, images, and polemical material, Two Bodies explores the long Christian past behind this political theology. It provides a subtle history of how commonwealths developed symbolic means for establishing their sovereignty and, with such means, began to establish early forms of the nation-state. Kantorowicz fled Nazi Germany in 1938, after refusing to sign a Nazi loyalty oath, and settled in the United States. While teaching at the University of California, Berkeley, he once again refused to sign an oath of allegiance, this one designed to identify Communist Party sympathizers. He resigned as a result of the controversy and moved to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, where he remained for the rest of his life, and where he wrote Two Bodies.
Introduction Part I. The Broadside Ballad: 1. Small and popular music 2. A Godly ballad to a Godly tune 3. The 1642 Stock Part II. The Broadside Picture: 4. Idols 
 Introduction Part I. The Broadside Ballad: 1. Small and popular music 2. A Godly ballad to a Godly tune 3. The 1642 Stock Part II. The Broadside Picture: 4. Idols in the frontispiece 5. Stories for walls 6. Godly tables for good householders Part III. The Chapbook: 7. The development of the chapbook trade 8. Penny books and marketplace theology Conclusion.
Journal Article The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law and Church Law, 1150–1625 and Rights, Law and Infallibility in Medieval Thought Get access Tierney Brian, The 
 Journal Article The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law and Church Law, 1150–1625 and Rights, Law and Infallibility in Medieval Thought Get access Tierney Brian, The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law and Church Law, 1150–1625. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997. xi, 380 pp. $24.95 (paper).Tierney Brian, Rights, Law and Infallibility in Medieval Thought. Aldershot: Variorum Press, 1997. x, 340 pp. $94.95. Cary J. Nederman Cary J. Nederman University of Arizona Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Legal History, Volume 42, Issue 2, April 1998, Pages 217–219, https://doi.org/10.2307/846231 Published: 01 April 1998
Journal Article Renaissance Quarterly Get access Renaissance Quarterly. 69.1 (2016). The Renaissance Society of America. 413 pp. $85 (RSA regular membership rate for 2016) / $174 to $305 (RQ institutional 
 Journal Article Renaissance Quarterly Get access Renaissance Quarterly. 69.1 (2016). The Renaissance Society of America. 413 pp. $85 (RSA regular membership rate for 2016) / $174 to $305 (RQ institutional print and subscription rate) / $158 to $277 (RQ institutional electronic-rate only). ISSN 0034–4338 Forum for Modern Language Studies, Volume 53, Issue 1, January 2017, Pages 116–117, https://doi.org/10.1093/fmls/cqw102 Published: 23 February 2017
Article 4. WIRTSCHAFT UND GESELLSCHAFT was published on December 1, 1972 in the journal Archiv fĂŒr Reformationsgeschichte / Literaturberichte - Archive for Reformation History / Literature Review (volume 1, issue 
 Article 4. WIRTSCHAFT UND GESELLSCHAFT was published on December 1, 1972 in the journal Archiv fĂŒr Reformationsgeschichte / Literaturberichte - Archive for Reformation History / Literature Review (volume 1, issue jg).
Touching on the Past "Tell me, Daddy.What is the use of history?" Touching on the Past "Tell me, Daddy.What is the use of history?"
A classic of modern religious thought, Schleiermacher's On Religion: Speeches to its Cultured Despisers is here presented in Richard Crouter's acclaimed English translation of the 1799 edition, originally published in 
 A classic of modern religious thought, Schleiermacher's On Religion: Speeches to its Cultured Despisers is here presented in Richard Crouter's acclaimed English translation of the 1799 edition, originally published in Cambridge Texts in German Philosophy. Written when its youthful author was deeply involved in German Romanticism and the critique of Kant's moral and religious philosophy, it is a masterly expression of Protestant Christian apologetics of the modern period, which powerfully displays the tensions between the Romantic and Enlightenment accounts of religion. Unlike the revised versions of 1806 and 1821, which modify the language of feeling and intuition and translate the argument into more traditional academic and Christian categories, the 1799 text more fully reveals its original audience's literary and social world. Richard Crouter's introduction places the work in the milieu of early German Romanticism, Kant criticism, the revival of Spinoza and Plato studies, and theories of literary criticism and of the physical sciences, and his fully annotated edition also includes a chronology and notes on further reading.
Abstract The `Dutch Golden Age’, the age of Grotius, Spinoza, Rembrandt, Vermeer, and a host of other renowned artists and writers was also remarkable for its immense impact in the 
 Abstract The `Dutch Golden Age’, the age of Grotius, Spinoza, Rembrandt, Vermeer, and a host of other renowned artists and writers was also remarkable for its immense impact in the spheres of commerce, finance, shipping, and technology. It was in fact one of the most spectacularly creative episodes in the history of the world. In this book, Jonathan Israel gives the definitive account of the emergence of the United Provinces as a great power, and explains the subsequent decline in the eighteenth century. He places the thought, politics, religion, and social developments of the Golden Age in their broad context, and examines the changing relationship between the northern Netherlands and the south, which was to develop into modern Belgium. One of the principal aims of the book is to counter the oversimplification which characterizes so much history writing today, and to provide a new type of integrated history which draws the different dimensions of the discipline firmly together in strictly non-technical language. The result is a comprehensive and lucid account as useful to the reader primarily interested in artistic and cultural history as to the student who needs a survey of the Republic's institutions, class structure, and economic development. At the same time it will provide an invaluable aid to scholars interested in new research and new interpretations.
Abstract English Reformations takes a refreshing new approach to the study of the Reformation in England. Christopher Haigh's lively and readable study disproves any facile assumption that the triumph of 
 Abstract English Reformations takes a refreshing new approach to the study of the Reformation in England. Christopher Haigh's lively and readable study disproves any facile assumption that the triumph of Protestantism was inevitable, and goes beyond the surface of official political policy to explore the religious views and practices of ordinary English people. With the benefit of hindsight, other historians have traced the course of the Reformation as a series of events inescapably culminating in the creation of the English Protestant establishment. Dr Haigh sets out to recreate the sixteenth century as a time of excitement and insecurity, with each new policy or ruler causing the reversal of earlier religious changes. This is a scholarly and stimulating book, which challenges traditional ideas about the Reformation and offers a powerful and convincing alternative analysis.
The rise of atheism and unbelief is a key feature in the development of the modern world, yet it is a topic which has been little explored by historians. This 
 The rise of atheism and unbelief is a key feature in the development of the modern world, yet it is a topic which has been little explored by historians. This book presents a series of studies of irreligious ideas in various parts of Europe during the two centuries following the Reformation. Atheism was illegal everywhere. The word itself first entered the vernacular languages soon after the Reformation, but it was not until the 18th century that the first systematic defences of unbelief began to appear in print. Its history in the intervening two centuries is significant but hitherto obscure.
What explains the rapid growth of state power in early modern Europe? While most scholars have pointed to the impact of military or capitalist revolutions, Philip S. Gorski argues instead 
 What explains the rapid growth of state power in early modern Europe? While most scholars have pointed to the impact of military or capitalist revolutions, Philip S. Gorski argues instead for the importance of a disciplinary revolution unleashed by the Reformation. By refining and diffusing a variety of disciplinary techniques and strategies, such as communal surveillance, control through incarceration and bureaucratic office-holding, Calvin and his followers created an infrastructure of religious governance and social control that served as a model for the rest of Europe -and the world. Gorski shows, for instance, how Calvinist-inspired social discipline contributed to the governance and pacification of Dutch society and to the rationalization and centralization of the Prussian state. He also compares religious and social disciplining as practiced by Calvinists, Lutherans and Catholics and finds that Calvinists took the disciplinary revolution much farther and faster, which helps explain the greater political strength of the Calvinist states. Written with clarity and vigour, The Disciplinary Revolution should be seen as a major work in European history, political science, social theory and religion.
This study explores the role of chaplaincy in an interprofessional home care team supporting patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Germany. Drawing on qualitative interviews with team members, we 
 This study explores the role of chaplaincy in an interprofessional home care team supporting patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Germany. Drawing on qualitative interviews with team members, we examine how the chaplain contributed to team development, spiritual care delivery and the cultivation of workplace spirituality and identified four themes: (1) positive perception of chaplaincy in the team; (2) chaplains as impulse givers; (3) chaplaincy works on multiple levels; and (4) challenges and learning need. Findings indicate that the chaplain played a key role in fostering reflection, enhancing team cohesion and supporting both patients and professionals in emotionally demanding situations. Based on thematic analysis, we propose a theoretical competency framework for chaplains in outpatient care settings, addressing both patient-facing and team-oriented dimensions of care. Expected competencies include communication skills, theological literacy and openness to interprofessional collaboration, as well as homecare-specific competence, encompassing adaptability and responsiveness to evolving needs of patients, families and the broader care team; reflective and ethical practice, including contributions to team-based ethical deliberation, value clarification and processing of moral distress; and workplace spirituality and team culture, referring to the chaplain’s role in strengthening interprofessional cohesion, facilitating team rituals and promoting workplace spirituality. This model may inform recruitment, training and professional development of chaplains in emerging fields such as neuropalliative care and offers insights from a Central European context, while highlighting chaplaincy’s evolving role in dynamic, collaborative healthcare environments.
Amy Livingstone | Manchester University Press eBooks
Johan Norrback | Svensk tidskrift för musikforskning / Swedish Journal of Music Research
Recension av Mattias Lundberg, Maria Schildt och Jonas Lundblad, red., 2022. Lutheran Music Culture: Ideals and Practices. Berlin: De Gruyter. 325 s. ISBN 978-3-11-068060-7. Recension av Mattias Lundberg, Maria Schildt och Jonas Lundblad, red., 2022. Lutheran Music Culture: Ideals and Practices. Berlin: De Gruyter. 325 s. ISBN 978-3-11-068060-7.
Abstract Augustine and Pseudo-Dionysius bequeathed to their medieval heirs a notion of omnipresence that secured the ubiquity of divine presence while allowing the soul its psychological struggles with divine absence. 
 Abstract Augustine and Pseudo-Dionysius bequeathed to their medieval heirs a notion of omnipresence that secured the ubiquity of divine presence while allowing the soul its psychological struggles with divine absence. Their metaphysical intuitions about the being of God would prove foundational for mystical theologians bent on exploring the paradoxical intimacy of eternal and finite life. Such theologians, here represented by Mechthild of Magdeburg (d. 1282) and Meister Eckhart (d. 1324), radicalized omnipresence and used the radicalized notion to combat the temptation, often subtle, to frame omnipresence as the perfection of a psychological state. Mechthild and Eckhart and their theological kin attempted to think through omnipresence apart from a hierarchy that puts God at the height of being and confuses divine presence with the overcoming of a humanly felt absence.
Thomas A. Fudgé | Manchester University Press eBooks
Note on Abbreviations, Citations, and TranslationsNote on Citing Harmonie universelleList of FiguresIntroductionPart I1. Reframing Rhetoric and Music Theory2. Preachers and Polymaths3. Mersenne, RhetoricianPart II4. Making Eloquent Music5. Sound, Voice, Delivery6. 
 Note on Abbreviations, Citations, and TranslationsNote on Citing Harmonie universelleList of FiguresIntroductionPart I1. Reframing Rhetoric and Music Theory2. Preachers and Polymaths3. Mersenne, RhetoricianPart II4. Making Eloquent Music5. Sound, Voice, Delivery6. Music for the OratorEpilogue: Harmony as AptumBibliographyIndex
Abstract Despite the recognized importance of hymn tunes to Vaughan Williams’s music and philosophy, and the prominence of specific tunes written by him, there is currently no accurate works list 
 Abstract Despite the recognized importance of hymn tunes to Vaughan Williams’s music and philosophy, and the prominence of specific tunes written by him, there is currently no accurate works list of his original tunes. The reasons for this are varied and inevitably include the notorious elusiveness of a genre that has undergone constant change throughout its history. This essay reviews previous efforts to tabulate Vaughan Williams’s originals, settling on a six-point criteria to guide the analysis. The method provides consistency in a fluid environment in which early twentieth-century hymnody inevitably collides with ‘hymn-adjacent’ genres like the unison song and carol, and with traditions of school and community music. Recognizing such contingencies helps us better understand Vaughan Williams’s place in Anglican musical culture. Ultimately, the analysis sheds light on the composer’s aesthetics, demonstrating the degree to which this advocate of amateur music was laser-focused on encouraging the musically inexperienced church-goer to sing with confidence.
| Archaeopress Publishing Ltd eBooks
This article explores the relationship between Ignatian obedience and evangelization through the complementary perspectives of Hans Urs von Balthasar and recent Jesuit General Congregations. It argues that obedience, traditionally viewed 
 This article explores the relationship between Ignatian obedience and evangelization through the complementary perspectives of Hans Urs von Balthasar and recent Jesuit General Congregations. It argues that obedience, traditionally viewed as submission to authority, must be reinterpreted as a joyful and loving response to God’s mission, deeply rooted in the trinitarian life. Drawing from Ignatius of Loyola’s foundational texts and the evolving understanding of mission post-Vatican II, this essay highlights a shift from private, intellectual obedience to a more communal and justice-oriented service. The theological depth provided by von Balthasar’s trinitarian model is presented alongside the practical emphasis on social justice and dialogue found in contemporary Jesuit praxis and Pope Francis’ integral ecology. This paper ultimately proposes a synthesis of contemplative fidelity and active engagement, positioning obedience as a vital force in credible, mission-driven evangelization.
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| Yale University Press eBooks
| Yale University Press eBooks
The current article does not directly study the liturgical ritual as a set of gestures and forms of ceremonial behavior. Instead, it focuses on shedding light on the doctrinal content 
 The current article does not directly study the liturgical ritual as a set of gestures and forms of ceremonial behavior. Instead, it focuses on shedding light on the doctrinal content of many Mariological liturgical hymns, precisely the conceptual basis that gives meaning to the corresponding Marian liturgical rituals. Based strictly on the study of primary sources of Christian doctrine, this article aims to highlight the belief in the help, protection, and mediation of the Virgin Mary on behalf of human beings as reflected in countless medieval Latin liturgical hymns. The article is divided into two central parts: in the first, the author presents, in the original Latin and its English translation, an extensive series of fragments of liturgical hymns that develop the Mariological belief; in the second, he summarizes the primary doctrinal meanings and emotional attitudes that hymnographers reflect when poetically reconfiguring this belief in their hymns. Following the conclusion, the article catalogs the abundant sequence of Christian primary sources used in this research.
The topos of Vienna as the “stronghold of Christendom” emerged soon after the 1529 unsuccessful siege by the Ottomans. The city’s new strategic status not only spurred the building of 
 The topos of Vienna as the “stronghold of Christendom” emerged soon after the 1529 unsuccessful siege by the Ottomans. The city’s new strategic status not only spurred the building of new urban fortifications, it also stimulated the production of a large variety of printed texts and pictures that emphasized the necessity of Christian unity among divided Christians. In this context, this article aims to shed new light on the use of one Old Testament episode whose significance and polysemy has been largely overlooked for sixteenth-century Vienna: the attack of Jerusalem by the Assyrian King Sennacherib and his subsequent defeat through divine intervention under the city wall. Instrumental in defining a common spiritual approach to the fight, this Old Testament story can be considered a seminal basis for the paradigm of Vienna as a Jerusalem of unity and unanimity. To analyze the significance of this theme in Vienna, this article will first focus on its representation in Hanns Lautensack’s 1558/1559 famous cityscape before demonstrating that it originated from a far less known source: the 1532 sermons by the Bishop Johann Fabri.
Robert J. Wilkinson | Bulletin de l’AcadĂ©mie Belge pour l’Étude des Langues Anciennes et Orientales
This article begins with an investigation of the Psalter of the 1568 Bishops’ Bible and its several unhappy features. The Psalter is then placed in the history of Reformation English 
 This article begins with an investigation of the Psalter of the 1568 Bishops’ Bible and its several unhappy features. The Psalter is then placed in the history of Reformation English Bibles and the growth of English metrical psalmody. Finally, an attempt is made to reconstruct the rationale of Archbishop Matthew Parker’s dealings with the Psalms over several years in the light of his own 1568 metrical translation.
| Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht eBooks
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| Veröffentlichungen des Instituts fĂŒr EuropĂ€ische Geschichte Mainz
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| Veröffentlichungen des Instituts fĂŒr EuropĂ€ische Geschichte Mainz
| Fordham University Press eBooks
Teesid: Kirikulaulu on teaduskirjanduses kĂ€sitletud kui transtsendentse ehk ĂŒleloomuliku rahu allikat ning selle kaudu kui potentsiaalset toetajat vaimse heaolu (VH) kujunemisel ja hoidmisel. Artikkel esitleb kvalitatiivse muusikasotsioloogilise juhtumiuuringu tulemusi hĂŒmnoloogia 
 Teesid: Kirikulaulu on teaduskirjanduses kĂ€sitletud kui transtsendentse ehk ĂŒleloomuliku rahu allikat ning selle kaudu kui potentsiaalset toetajat vaimse heaolu (VH) kujunemisel ja hoidmisel. Artikkel esitleb kvalitatiivse muusikasotsioloogilise juhtumiuuringu tulemusi hĂŒmnoloogia valdkonnas, mille eesmĂ€rk oli uurida VH fenomeni vÀÀrtustamist eesti kirikulaulu, tĂ€psemalt proosarĂŒtmilise kirikulaulu ehk pĂŒhalaulu praktikas PĂŒhalaulu Kooli (PLK) kogukonna vaatenurgast. Uurimus pĂ”hineb 26 PLK kogukonnaliikme kirjalikel vastustel avatud kaudkĂŒsimustele. Vastuseid analĂŒĂŒsiti kolmeastmelise standardiseeritud kontentanalĂŒĂŒsiga ning kategoriseeriti John Fisheri VH nelja domeeni mudeli alusel (FM): transtsendentne, kogukondlik, isiklik ja keskkonnadomeen. Uurimus ei keskendunud pĂŒhalaulu otsese mĂ”ju mÔÔtmisele VHle, vaid informantide asjakohaste refleksioonide kaardistamisele ja mĂ”testamisele. Tulemused nĂ€itasid, et VH positsioon PLK kogemuses on oluline, kuid seda vĂ€ljendatakse kaudselt – lĂ€bi kogukondlike vÀÀrtuste ning mitmekihilise suhestumise PĂŒhakirjaga. FM mitmetasandiline rakendamine tĂ”i esile domeenide esinemissageduse jĂ€rjestuses: kogukondlik, transtsendentne, isiklik ja keskkonnadomeen. This case study explores the appreciation of spiritual (mental) well-being (SWB) within the School of Sacred Chant (SSC, PĂŒhalaulu Kool), a community dedicated to the practice of prose-rhythm ecclesiastical chant (pĂŒhalaul). The repertoire of pĂŒhalaul is based primarily on Old Testament Psalms, forming a rich scriptural corpus for liturgical expression. The study applies John W. Fisher’s Four Domains model of spiritual health and well-being to analyse participants’ reflections, revealing the potential of pĂŒhalaul to foster a holistic experience of well-being in contemporary society. Theoretical framework and research context. The impetus for this research lies in growing societal interest in SWB, a dimension of human flourishing that, while related to mental health, extends beyond the scope of medical or clinical concern. Rather than addressing SWB through conventional religious doctrine or psychological analysis, this study focuses on the practice of pĂŒhalaul in a liturgical context. PĂŒhalaul draws on the aesthetic principles of Medieval sacred prose-rhythm Latin ecclesiastical chant (Latin pĂŒhalaul or Latin plainchant), particularly from around the turn of the first millennium, and reinterprets them through the distinct prosodic features of the Estonian language. Unlike traditional strophic hymnody (such as chorales or hymns), pĂŒhalaul emphasizes the natural prosodic rhythm and phonetic qualities of the Estonian language, aligning closely with what has been called Estonian language music. Fisher’s model underpins the study’s analysis, dividing SWB into four interrelated domains: (1) personal (the relationship with oneself), (2) communal (relationships with others), (3) environmental (connection to place and cultural context), and (4) transcendental (the relationship with a higher power). This comprehensive framework allows for the mapping of various experiences associated with pĂŒhalaul to broader dimensions of well-being. Methodology. The study is qualitative in nature, located at the intersection of hymnology, music sociology, and positive psychology. The author uses standardised content analysis (SCA) of written responses from 26 members of the SSC community, which consists of roughly 70 participants in total. Respondents were asked open-ended, indirect questions, most importantly “How would you describe the School of Sacred Chant? What do you think it is?”, with no direct mention of SWB or mental health. This indirect questioning method was chosen to avoid bias and encourage genuine, uninfluenced responses. The interview responses were coded in three stages, producing 253 distinct statements grouped into 16 thematic categories, including spiritual community, connection to sacred texts, practical learning, and Estonian linguistic identity. Key findings. The most prominent theme was that of community, appearing in multiple forms: as a spiritual collective, a social and educational environment, and a space of shared worship. The communal domain emerged as the most significant, with participants frequently describing SSC as a place of togetherness, mutual support, dialogue, and shared prayer through chant. The practice of pĂŒhalaul was seen not as musical performance but as communal spiritual action, where boundaries between performer and audience dissolve. The transcendental domain was also strongly represented, especially through expressions of union with God, prayer through chant, and engagement with The Holy Scriptures (The Bible). Many participants emphasized their connection to the Word of God, referred to both mystically (Logos) and didactically (The Holy Scriptures as archetypal text). The Psalms were especially central, perceived as both a spiritual and cultural inheritance. The personal domain appeared in reflections on inner peace, self-exploration, and personal growth. SSC was described as a space for individual development, healing, and reflection, often referred to as a sanctuary or refuge from the disintegration of modern life. Even though religious terminology such as “Christ” or “church” was rarely used directly, there was an underlying sense of spiritual rootedness and transformation. The environmental domain, though least prominent, was notably shaped by Estonian linguistic and cultural identity. Informants celebrated sacred chant as the only musical form that truly honours the natural rhythm and sound of the Estonian language. The practice was seen as a way to reclaim cultural and linguistic heritage through pĂŒhalaul. Discussion and implications. The dual-layered content analysis (by thematic categories and by domain mapping) confirmed the multi-dimensional nature of pĂŒhalaul practice in the SSC community. The community did not explicitly frame their experiences in terms of ‘spiritual well-being’, but their reflections aligned naturally with Fisher’s SWB domains, especially the communal and transcendental. This suggests that sacred chant fosters well-being in a manner that is holistic, integrative, and culturally resonant. The article highlights the therapeutic potential of ecclesiastical chant, especially when practiced in a linguistically native, inclusive setting. Prior research is cited to support this, including studies showing that group singing increases oxytocin (a bonding hormone) and decreases cortisol (a stress hormone). Moreover, the flow state experienced during deep musical or ritual engagement can enhance both personal fulfilment and social cohesion.