Business, Management and Accounting Marketing

Sharing Economy and Platforms

Description

This cluster of papers explores the impact of the sharing economy on consumption, focusing on collaborative consumption, peer-to-peer accommodation, sustainability, trust and reputation, access-based consumption, digital platforms, consumer behavior, hospitality industry, and regulation. It examines the motivations, implications, challenges, and opportunities associated with the sharing economy in various sectors.

Keywords

Sharing Economy; Collaborative Consumption; Peer-to-Peer Accommodation; Sustainability; Trust and Reputation; Access-Based Consumption; Digital Platforms; Consumer Behavior; Hospitality Industry; Regulation

Abstract Collaborative consumption, often associated with the sharing economy, takes place in organized systems or networks, in which participants conduct sharing activities in the form of renting, lending, trading, bartering, … Abstract Collaborative consumption, often associated with the sharing economy, takes place in organized systems or networks, in which participants conduct sharing activities in the form of renting, lending, trading, bartering, and swapping of goods, services, transportation solutions, space, or money. In this paper, a framework on the determinants of choosing a sharing option is developed and tested with two quantitative studies by applying partial least squares path modeling analysis. In study 1, users of the B2C car sharing service car2go ( N = 236), and in study 2, users of the C2C online community accommodation marketplace Airbnb ( N = 187) are surveyed. The results reveal the satisfaction and the likelihood of choosing a sharing option again to be predominantly explained by determinants serving users' self‐benefit. Utility, trust, cost savings, and familiarity were found to be essential in both studies, while service quality and community belonging were identified solely in study 1. Four proposed determinants had no influence on any of the endogenous variables. This applies to environmental impact, internet capability, smartphone capability, and trend affinity. Finally, research and managerial implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ABSTRACT We examine alternative consumption including collaborative consumption, sharing, and unconsumption (i.e., postconsumption activities such as upcycling, reuse, recycling, etc.) at non‐monetary‐based private and public sharing events including Really Really … ABSTRACT We examine alternative consumption including collaborative consumption, sharing, and unconsumption (i.e., postconsumption activities such as upcycling, reuse, recycling, etc.) at non‐monetary‐based private and public sharing events including Really Really Free Markets (RRFMs). These alternative marketplaces (RRFMs) were initially organized by the Anarchist Movement as a form of resistance to the capitalist economic model. However, many consumer groups now utilize this model to stage public sharing events as a means of raising awareness about various issues including sustainability and overconsumption. Participants bring, share, and take goods without any expectation of monetary or other exchange. There is limited research on collaborative consumption and sharing in non‐monetary marketplaces. We address this gap by exploring alternative marketplaces, organized by consumers for consumers, utilizing qualitative research methods. Our findings indicate that a sense of community is both a driver of participation and an outcome of these events. Organizers and participants utilize these venues to share knowledge and possessions for various ideological and practical reasons. Our findings also indicate that these events challenge the entrenched notions of exchange and reciprocity. Our research contributes to the literature by highlighting the importance of community, collaboration, and changing consumer mindsets to the success of such sharing efforts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This essay explores sustainable consumption and considers possible roles for marketing and consumer researchers and public policy makers in addressing the many sustainability challenges that pervade the planet. Future research … This essay explores sustainable consumption and considers possible roles for marketing and consumer researchers and public policy makers in addressing the many sustainability challenges that pervade the planet. Future research approaches to this interdisciplinary topic must be comprehensive and systematic and would benefit from a variety of different perspectives. There are several opportunities for further research; the authors explore three areas in detail. First, they consider the inconsistency between the attitudes and behaviors of consumers with respect to sustainability. Second, they broaden the agenda to explore the role of individual citizens in society. Third, they propose a macroinstitutional approach to fostering sustainability. For each of these separate, but interrelated, opportunities, the authors examine the area in detail and consider possible research avenues and public policy initiatives.
Access-based consumption, defined as transactions that can be market mediated but where no transfer of ownership takes place, is becoming increasingly popular, yet it is not well theorized. This study … Access-based consumption, defined as transactions that can be market mediated but where no transfer of ownership takes place, is becoming increasingly popular, yet it is not well theorized. This study examines the nature of access as it contrasts to ownership and sharing, specifically the consumer-object, consumer-consumer, and consumer-marketer relationships. Six dimensions are identified to distinguish among the range of access-based consumptionscapes: temporality, anonymity, market mediation, consumer involvement, the type of accessed object, and political consumerism. Access-based consumption is examined in the context of car sharing via an interpretive study of Zipcar consumers. Four outcomes of these dimensions in the context of car sharing are identified: lack of identification, varying significance of use and sign value, negative reciprocity resulting in a big-brother model of governance, and a deterrence of brand community. The implications of our findings for understanding the nature of exchange, consumption, and brand community are discussed.
This article explores the emergence of Airbnb, a company whose website permits ordinary people to rent out their residences as tourist accommodation. The company was just recently established, but it … This article explores the emergence of Airbnb, a company whose website permits ordinary people to rent out their residences as tourist accommodation. The company was just recently established, but it has grown extremely rapidly and is now selling many millions of room nights annually. This rise is examined through the lens of disruptive innovation theory, which describes how products that lack in traditionally favoured attributes but offer alternative benefits can, over time, transform a market and capture mainstream consumers. The concepts of disruptive innovation are used to consider Airbnb's novel business model, which is built around modern internet technologies, and Airbnb's distinct appeal, which centres on cost-savings, household amenities, and the potential for more authentic local experiences. Despite Airbnb's growing popularity, many Airbnb rentals are actually illegal due to short-term rental regulations. These legality issues and their corresponding tax concerns are discussed, with an overview of the current state of regulatory flux and a possible path for resolution. Thereafter, the article considers Airbnb's potential to significantly disrupt the traditional accommodation sector, and the positive and negative impacts Airbnb may have on destinations. Finally, numerous questions for future research are proposed.
Sharing systems are increasingly challenging sole ownership as the dominant means of obtaining product benefits, making up a market estimated at more than US$100 billion annually in 2010. Consumer options … Sharing systems are increasingly challenging sole ownership as the dominant means of obtaining product benefits, making up a market estimated at more than US$100 billion annually in 2010. Consumer options include cell phone minute-sharing plans, frequent-flyer-mile pools, bicycle-sharing programs, and automobile-sharing systems, among many others. However, marketing research has yet to provide a framework for understanding and managing these emergent systems. The authors conceptualize commercial sharing systems within a typology of shared goods. Using three studies, they demonstrate that beyond cost-related benefits of sharing, the perceived risk of scarcity related to sharing is a central determinant of its attractiveness. The results suggest that managers can use perceptions of personal and sharing partners’ usage patterns to affect risk perceptions and subsequent propensity to participate in a commercial sharing system.
Abstract While competition decreases rents for firms, the presence of competitors may create benefits. Competitors that agglomerate, that are physically proximate, may create externalities—production efficiencies or heightened demand that increases … Abstract While competition decreases rents for firms, the presence of competitors may create benefits. Competitors that agglomerate, that are physically proximate, may create externalities—production efficiencies or heightened demand that increases rents. When such externalities exist, then who gains from and who contributes to them? We examine how other competitors' traits affect performance in Texas's lodging industry. In rural markets, we find that chain hotels and larger hotels contribute to positive externalities. While expecting those hotels similar to the establishments creating these externalities to gain, we find the opposite. Independent hotels and smaller hotels gain the most. Interestingly, some establishments are harmed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
loosely affiliated individuals who engage in social practices that involve contributions of the capacity of their private goods in patterns that combine to form large-scale and effective systems for provisioning … loosely affiliated individuals who engage in social practices that involve contributions of the capacity of their private goods in patterns that combine to form large-scale and effective systems for provisioning goods, services, and resources.This Essay seeks to do two things.The first three Parts are dedicated to defining a particular class of physical goods as "shareable goods" that systematically have excess capacity and to combining comparative transaction costs and motivation analysis to suggest that this excess capacity may better be harnessed through sharing relations than through secondary markets.These first three Parts extend the analysis I have performed elsewhere regarding sharing of creative labor, like free software and other peer production,3 to the domain of sharing rival material resources in the production of both rival and nonrival goods and services.The characteristics I use to define shareable goods are sufficient to make social sharing and exchange of material goods feasible as a sustainable social practice.But these characteristics are neither absolutely necessary nor sufficient for sharing to occur.Instead, they define conditions under which, when goods with these characteristics are prevalent in the physicalcapital base of an economy, it becomes feasible for social sharing and exchange to become more salient in the overall mix of relations of production in that economy.The fourth Part is then dedicated to explaining how my observation about shareable goods in the domain of physical goods meshes with the literature on social norms, social capital, and common property regimes, as well as with my own work on peer production.I suggest that social sharing and exchange is an underappreciated modality of economic production, alongside price-based and firm-based market production and state-based production,4 whose salience in the economy is sensitive to technological conditions.The last Part explores how the recognition of shareable goods and sharing as a modality of economic production can inform policy.Shareable goods are goods that are (1) technically "lumpy" and (2) of "mid-grained" granularity.By "lumpy" I mean that they provision then, offers a less freighted name for evaluating mechanisms of social-relations-based economic production.3.
This article critically explores how the relations between information technologies and space and place are being conceptualized in a broad swathe of recent writings and discourses on the geographies of … This article critically explores how the relations between information technologies and space and place are being conceptualized in a broad swathe of recent writings and discourses on the geographies of ‘cyberspace’ and information technologies. After analysing the powerful role of spatial and territorial metaphors in anchoring current discourses about information technologies and society, the article goes on to identify three broad, dominating perspectives. These I label the perspective of ‘substitution and transcendence’ (dominated by technological Utopianists), the ‘co-evolution’ perspective (drawing from political economy and cultural studies) and the ‘recombination’ perspective (derived from recent work in actor-network theory). The discussion turns to each in turn, extracting the geographical dimensions and implications of each. The article concludes by considering the implications of the discussion for spatial treatments of societytechnology relations and for broader debates about the nature of space and place.
Sharing is an alternative form of distribution to commodity exchange and gift giving. Compared to these alternative modes, sharing can foster community, save resources, and create certain synergies. Yet outside … Sharing is an alternative form of distribution to commodity exchange and gift giving. Compared to these alternative modes, sharing can foster community, save resources, and create certain synergies. Yet outside of our immediate families, we do little sharing. Even within the family, there is increased privatization. This article addresses impediments to sharing as well as incentives that may encourage more sharing of both tangible and intangible goods. Two recent developments, the Internet and intellectual property rights doctrines, are locked in a battle that will do much to determine the future of sharing. Businesses may lead the way with virtual corporations outsourcing the bulk of their operations. Whether virtual consumers sharing some of their major possessions are a viable counterpart remains an open question.
Institution-based trust is a buyer’s perception that effective third-party institutional mechanisms are in place to facilitate transaction success. This paper integrates sociological and economic theories about institution-based trust to propose … Institution-based trust is a buyer’s perception that effective third-party institutional mechanisms are in place to facilitate transaction success. This paper integrates sociological and economic theories about institution-based trust to propose that the perceived effectiveness of three IT-enabled institutional mechanisms–specifically feedback mechanisms, third-party escrow services, and credit card guarantees–engender buyer trust in the community of online auction sellers. Trust in the marketplace intermediary that provides the overarching institutional context also builds buyer’s trust in the community of sellers. In addition, buyers’ trust in the community of sellers (as a group) facilitates online transactions by reducing perceived risk. Data collected from 274 buyers in Amazon’s online auction marketplace provide support for the proposed structural model. Longitudinal data collected a year later show that transaction intentions are correlated with actual and self-reported buyer behavior. The study shows that the perceived effectiveness of institutional mechanisms encompasses both “weak” (market-driven) and “strong” (legally binding) mechanisms. These mechanisms engender trust, not only in a few reputable sellers, but also in the entire community of sellers, which contributes to an effective online marketplace. The results thus help explain why, despite the inherent uncertainty that arises when buyers and sellers are separated in time and in space, online marketplaces are proliferating. Implications for theory are discussed, and suggestions for future research on improving IT-enabled trust-building mechanisms are suggested.
The Internet has opened up a new era in sharing. There has also been an explosion of studies and writings about sharing via the Internet. This includes a series of … The Internet has opened up a new era in sharing. There has also been an explosion of studies and writings about sharing via the Internet. This includes a series of books, articles, and web discussions on the topic. However, many of these apparent cases of sharing are better characterized as pseudo-sharing — commodity exchanges wrapped in a vocabulary of sharing. The present paper reviews subsequent research and theorizing as well as controversies that have emerged surrounding sharing and what is best regarded as pseudo-sharing — a wolf-insheep’s-clothing phenomenon whereby commodity exchange and potential exploitation of consumer co-creators present themselves in the guise of sharing. The paper begins with a pair of vignettes that highlight some of the contested meanings of sharing. By detailing four types of pseudo-sharing and four types of sharing that are specifically enabled or enhanced by Internet technologies, the paper argues that pseudo-sharing is distinguished by the presence of profit motives, the absence of feelings of community, and expectations of reciprocity. It concludes with a discussion of theoretical, practical, and ethical implications of pseudo-sharing and offer suggestions for future research.
As a result of the phenomenal growth of the sharing economy in the travel industry, investigating its potential impacts on travelers and tourism destinations is of paramount importance. The goal … As a result of the phenomenal growth of the sharing economy in the travel industry, investigating its potential impacts on travelers and tourism destinations is of paramount importance. The goal of this study was to identify how the use of peer-to-peer accommodation leads to changes in travelers’ behavior. Based on two online surveys targeting travelers from the United States and Finland, it was identified that the social and economic appeals of peer-to-peer accommodation significantly affect expansion in destination selection, increase in travel frequency, length of stay, and range of activities participated in tourism destinations. Travelers’ desires for more meaningful social interactions with locals and unique experiences in authentic settings drive them to travel more often, stay longer, and participate in more activities. Also, the reduction in accommodation cost allows travelers to consider and select destinations, trips, and tourism activities that are otherwise cost-prohibitive. Implications for tourism planning and management are provided.
The sharing economy is a fast-growing and heavily debated phenomenon. This study provides an overview of motivations of people willing to participate in different forms of the sharing economy. A … The sharing economy is a fast-growing and heavily debated phenomenon. This study provides an overview of motivations of people willing to participate in different forms of the sharing economy. A survey was held amongst 1330 respondents from Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Using stated preference data, we investigate the relative importance of (1) economic, (2) social and (3) environmental motivations to participate in peer-to-peer sharing. Hereby we consider differences between (a) sectors of the sharing economy, (b) socio-demographic groups, and (c) users and providers. Results are descriptive as well as based on ordered logit models. Notable differences are observed in the motivations for sharing between sectors. To a lesser extent there is variety in sharing drivers between socio-demographic groups. Finally, users seem more economically motivated than providers of goods.
Abstract A new form of digital economic circulation has emerged, wherein ideas, knowledge, labour and use rights for otherwise idle assets move between geographically distributed but connected and interactive online … Abstract A new form of digital economic circulation has emerged, wherein ideas, knowledge, labour and use rights for otherwise idle assets move between geographically distributed but connected and interactive online communities. Such circulation is apparent across a number of digital economic ecologies, including social media, online marketplaces, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding and other manifestations of the so-called ‘sharing economy’. Prevailing accounts deploy concepts such as ‘co-production’, ‘prosumption’ and ‘peer-to-peer’ to explain digital economic circulation as networked exchange relations characterised by their disintermediated, collaborative and democratising qualities. Building from the neologism of platform capitalism, we place ‘the platform’ — understood as a distinct mode of socio-technical intermediary and business arrangement that is incorporated into wider processes of capitalisation — at the centre of the critical analysis of digital economic circulation. To create multi-sided markets and coordinate network effects, platforms enrol users through a participatory economic culture and mobilise code and data analytics to compose immanent infrastructures. Platform intermediation is also nested in the ex-post construction of a replicable business model. Prioritising rapid up-scaling and extracting revenues from circulations and associated data trails, the model performs the structure of venture capital investment which capitalises on the potential of platforms to realise monopoly rents.
Journal Article Sharing Get access Russell Belk Russell Belk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 36, Issue 5, … Journal Article Sharing Get access Russell Belk Russell Belk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 36, Issue 5, February 2010, Pages 715–734, https://doi.org/10.1086/612649 Published: 20 August 2009
We develop a conceptual framework that allows us to define the sharing economy and its close cousins and we understand its sudden rise from an economic-historic perspective. We then assess … We develop a conceptual framework that allows us to define the sharing economy and its close cousins and we understand its sudden rise from an economic-historic perspective. We then assess the sharing economy platforms in terms of the economic, social and environmental impacts. We end with reflections on current regulations and future alternatives, and suggest a number of future research questions.
Airbnb has grown very rapidly over the past several years, with millions of tourists having used the service. The purpose of this study was to investigate tourists’ motivations for using … Airbnb has grown very rapidly over the past several years, with millions of tourists having used the service. The purpose of this study was to investigate tourists’ motivations for using Airbnb and to segment them accordingly. The study involved an online survey completed in 2015 by more than 800 tourists who had stayed in Airbnb accommodation during the previous 12 months. Aggregate results indicated that respondents were most strongly attracted to Airbnb by its practical attributes, and somewhat less so by its experiential attributes. An exploratory factor analysis identified five motivating factors—Interaction, Home Benefits, Novelty, Sharing Economy Ethos, and Local Authenticity. A subsequent cluster analysis divided the respondents into five segments—Money Savers, Home Seekers, Collaborative Consumers, Pragmatic Novelty Seekers, and Interactive Novelty Seekers. Profiling of the segments revealed numerous distinctive characteristics. Various practical and conceptual implications of the findings are discussed.
Collaborative consumption (CC) is an increasingly prevalent form of exchange. CC occurs within a triangle of actors: a platform provider (e.g., Uber), a peer service provider (e.g., an Uber driver) … Collaborative consumption (CC) is an increasingly prevalent form of exchange. CC occurs within a triangle of actors: a platform provider (e.g., Uber), a peer service provider (e.g., an Uber driver) and a customer. The platform provider's main role is matchmaking, so that a customer can access assets of a peer service provider. This paper has three objectives. First, this article identifies three criteria to delineate CC from related constructs such as access-based consumption, sharing or renting. Second, it introduces a literature-based framework explicating the roles of the actors in the CC triangle along three dimensions: motives, activities and resources and capabilities. Third, it highlights areas for further research, such as the dynamics of CC, context-dependent motives and the emergence of professional (peer) service providers.
Airbnb and other short-term rental services are a topic of increasing concern for urban researchers, policymakers, and activists, because of the fear that short-term rentals are facilitating gentrification. This article … Airbnb and other short-term rental services are a topic of increasing concern for urban researchers, policymakers, and activists, because of the fear that short-term rentals are facilitating gentrification. This article presents a framework for analyzing the relationship between short-term rentals and gentrification, an exploratory case study of New York City, and an agenda for future research. We argue that Airbnb has introduced a new potential revenue flow into housing markets which is systematic but geographically uneven, creating a new form of rent gap in culturally desirable and internationally recognizable neighborhoods. This rent gap can emerge quickly—in advance of any declining property income—and requires minimal new capital to be exploited by a range of different housing actors, from developers to landlords, tenants, and homeowners. Performing spatial analysis on three years of Airbnb activity in New York City, we measure new capital flows into the short-term rental market, identify neighborhoods whose housing markets have already been significantly impacted by short term, identify neighborhoods which are increasingly under threat of Airbnb-induced gentrification, and estimate the amount of rental housing lost to Airbnb. Finally, we conclude by offering a research agenda on gentrification and the sharing economy.
The last decade has seen the emergence of the sharing economy as well as the rise of a diverse array of research on this topic both inside and outside the … The last decade has seen the emergence of the sharing economy as well as the rise of a diverse array of research on this topic both inside and outside the marketing discipline. However, the sharing economy’s implications for marketing thought and practice remain unclear. This article defines the sharing economy as a technologically enabled socioeconomic system with five key characteristics (i.e., temporary access, transfer of economic value, platform mediation, expanded consumer role, and crowdsourced supply). It also examines the sharing economy’s impact on marketing’s traditional beliefs and practices in terms of how it challenges three key foundations of marketing: institutions (e.g., consumers, firms and channels, regulators), processes (e.g., innovation, branding, customer experience, value appropriation), and value creation (e.g., value for consumers, value for firms, value for society) and offers future research directions designed to push the boundaries of marketing thought. The article concludes with a set of forward-looking guideposts that highlight the implications of the sharing economy’s paradoxes, maturation, and technological development for marketing research. Collectively, this article aims to help marketing scholars not only keep pace with the sharing economy but also shape its future direction.
Information and communications technologies (ICTs) have enabled the rise of so‐called “Collaborative Consumption” (CC): the peer‐to‐peer‐based activity of obtaining, giving, or sharing the access to goods and services, coordinated through … Information and communications technologies (ICTs) have enabled the rise of so‐called “Collaborative Consumption” (CC): the peer‐to‐peer‐based activity of obtaining, giving, or sharing the access to goods and services, coordinated through community‐based online services . CC has been expected to alleviate societal problems such as hyper‐consumption, pollution, and poverty by lowering the cost of economic coordination within communities. However, beyond anecdotal evidence, there is a dearth of understanding why people participate in CC . Therefore, in this article we investigate people's motivations to participate in CC . The study employs survey data ( N = 168) gathered from people registered onto a CC site. The results show that participation in CC is motivated by many factors such as its sustainability, enjoyment of the activity as well as economic gains. An interesting detail in the result is that sustainability is not directly associated with participation unless it is at the same time also associated with positive attitudes towards CC . This suggests that sustainability might only be an important factor for those people for whom ecological consumption is important. Furthermore, the results suggest that in CC an attitude‐behavior gap might exist; people perceive the activity positively and say good things about it, but this good attitude does not necessary translate into action.
The public perception of shared goods has changed substantially in the past few years. While co-owning properties has been widely accepted for a while (e.g., timeshares), the notion of sharing … The public perception of shared goods has changed substantially in the past few years. While co-owning properties has been widely accepted for a while (e.g., timeshares), the notion of sharing bikes, cars, or even rides on an on-demand basis is just now starting to gain widespread popularity. The emerging “sharing economy” is particularly interesting in the context of cities that struggle with population growth and increasing density. While sharing vehicles promises to reduce inner-city traffic, congestion, and pollution problems, the associated business models are not without problems themselves. Using agency theory, in this article we discuss existing shared mobility business models in an effort to unveil the optimal relationship between service providers (agents) and the local governments (principals) to achieve the common objective of sustainable mobility. Our findings show private or public models are fraught with conflicts, and point to a merit model as the most promising alignment of the strengths of agents and principals.
Peer-to-peer markets, collectively known as the sharing economy, have emerged as alternative suppliers of goods and services traditionally provided by long-established industries. The authors explore the economic impact of the … Peer-to-peer markets, collectively known as the sharing economy, have emerged as alternative suppliers of goods and services traditionally provided by long-established industries. The authors explore the economic impact of the sharing economy on incumbent firms by studying the case of Airbnb, a prominent platform for short-term accommodations. They analyze Airbnb's entry into the state of Texas and quantify its impact on the Texas hotel industry over the subsequent decade. In Austin, where Airbnb supply is highest, the causal impact on hotel revenue is in the 8%–10% range; moreover, the impact is nonuniform, with lower-priced hotels and hotels that do not cater to business travelers being the most affected. The impact manifests itself primarily through less aggressive hotel room pricing, benefiting all consumers, not just participants in the sharing economy. The price response is especially pronounced during periods of peak demand, such as during the South by Southwest festival, and is due to a differentiating feature of peer-to-peer platforms—enabling instantaneous supply to scale to meet demand.
Sharing isn’t new. Giving someone a ride, having a guest in your spare room, running errands for someone, participating in a supper club—these are not revolutionary concepts. What is new, … Sharing isn’t new. Giving someone a ride, having a guest in your spare room, running errands for someone, participating in a supper club—these are not revolutionary concepts. What is new, in the “sharing economy,†is that you are not helping a friend for free; you are providing these services to a stranger for money. In this book, Arun Sundararajan, an expert on the sharing economy, explains the transition to what he describes as “crowd-based capitalism†—a new way of organizing economic activity that may supplant the traditional corporate-centered model. As peer-to-peer commercial exchange blurs the lines between the personal and the professional, how will the economy, government regulation, what it means to have a job, and our social fabric be affected? Drawing on extensive research and numerous real-world examples—including Airbnb, Lyft, Uber, Etsy, TaskRabbit, France’s BlaBlaCar, China’s Didi Kuaidi, and India’s Ola, Sundararajan explains the basics of crowd-based capitalism. He describes the intriguing mix of “gift†and “market†in its transactions, demystifies emerging blockchain technologies, and clarifies the dizzying array of emerging on-demand platforms. He considers how this new paradigm changes economic growth and the future of work. Will we live in a world of empowered entrepreneurs who enjoy professional flexibility and independence? Or will we become disenfranchised digital laborers scurrying between platforms in search of the next wedge of piecework? Sundararajan highlights the important policy choices and suggests possible new directions for self-regulatory organizations, labor law, and funding our social safety net.
Individuals all over the world can use Airbnb to rent an apartment in a foreign city, check Coursera to find a course on statistics, join PatientsLikeMe to exchange information about … Individuals all over the world can use Airbnb to rent an apartment in a foreign city, check Coursera to find a course on statistics, join PatientsLikeMe to exchange information about one’s disease, hail a cab using Uber, or read the news through Facebook’s Instant Articles. In <italic>The Platform Society</italic>, Van Dijck, Poell, and De Waal offer a comprehensive analysis of a connective world where platforms have penetrated the heart of societies—disrupting markets and labor relations, transforming social and civic practices, and affecting democratic processes. <italic>The Platform Society</italic> analyzes intense struggles between competing ideological systems and contesting societal actors—market, government, and civil society—asking who is or should be responsible for anchoring public values and the common good in a platform society. Public values include, of course, privacy, accuracy, safety, and security; but they also pertain to broader societal effects, such as fairness, accessibility, democratic control, and accountability. Such values are the very stakes in the struggle over the platformization of societies around the globe. <italic>The Platform Society</italic> highlights how these struggles play out in four private and public sectors: news, urban transport, health, and education. Some of these conflicts highlight local dimensions, for instance, fights over regulation between individual platforms and city councils, while others address the geopolitical level where power clashes between global markets and (supra-)national governments take place.
Metaverse is the next disruptive technology that will impact society in the coming decades, by enabling immersive experiences in both virtual and physical environments. Although still conceptual, Metaverse converges the … Metaverse is the next disruptive technology that will impact society in the coming decades, by enabling immersive experiences in both virtual and physical environments. Although still conceptual, Metaverse converges the physical and digital universe, allowing users to seamlessly traverse between them. Digital immersion offers opportunities for people to travel in time, supporting users to experience virtually ancient encounters, space explorations or dangerous natural phenomena, such as volcano eruptions. Users can explore immersive environments for working, learning, transacting, exploring interests and socialising with others. This is already evident in gaming ecosystems, where gamers effectively interact in the metaverse. Although still experimental, Metaverse is expected to revolutionize travel and tourism management and marketing. It empowers destination awareness, positioning and branding, as well as coordination and management, through digital twins. Metaverse provides opportunities to support trip planning, interaction and engagement, effectively transforming consumer behaviour. Visiting and engaging with destinations virtually is expected to motivate real travel, rather than replace it. This paper provides a vision of how Metaverse can revolutionize tourism experiences and transform tourism management and marketing. Drawing on a systematic review of scholarly works, articles from media and industry reports, this study defines and conceptualizes the Metaverse ecosystem for tourism and travel. It explores the foundations of the disruptions that Metaverse brings to tourism destinations and organisations and identifies the building blocks of Metaverse tourism. The study outlines research directions so that the tourism industry can take full advantage of the Metaverse capabilities and opportunities emerging as well as identify challenges for the future.
The digital economy creates challenges and opportunities across various sectors, including taxation, tourism, and regulation. From a sustainability perspective, integrating sustainable business practices, digital taxation, and tourism innovation is crucial … The digital economy creates challenges and opportunities across various sectors, including taxation, tourism, and regulation. From a sustainability perspective, integrating sustainable business practices, digital taxation, and tourism innovation is crucial for building an ecosystem that is not only dynamic but also environmentally friendly. This article explores how the digital economy can be leveraged to create sustainable business ecosystems through advancements in digital taxation and tourism innovation. This study employs an interdisciplinary approach to examine the impact of digital transformation on business practices, taxation systems, and the green economy, particularly within the context of tourism. This paper also highlights key challenges, such as the technology gap and issues with tax compliance, while offering insights into policy solutions that can foster cross-sector collaboration. The report shows that these synergies are essential for achieving long-term sustainable outcomes. The study emphasizes the critical role of cooperation among governments, private companies, and communities in creating adaptive, resilient ecosystems suited to the digital economy era.
Platform firms in the digital economy face a critical challenge: balancing differentiation-driven competitive strategies with the need for institutional legitimacy. While existing research recognizes this tension, current frameworks inadequately address … Platform firms in the digital economy face a critical challenge: balancing differentiation-driven competitive strategies with the need for institutional legitimacy. While existing research recognizes this tension, current frameworks inadequately address how governance mechanisms mediate strategic positioning in trust-sensitive sharing economy contexts. This study integrates Porterian positioning theory with platform boundary theory to analyze 33 chinese sharing platforms through fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), examining configurations of three external positioning dimensions (variety-based, gender-based, and region-based differentiation) and two internal governance dimensions (resource ownership and transaction process differentiation). Our analysis identifies two equifinal success pathways: (1) An aggressive strategy combining market pioneering in user segmentation with cautious transaction governance, and (2) a conservative strategy aligning geographic specialization with institutional compliance in resource ownership. Both pathways demonstrate that governance mechanisms compensate for the legitimacy risks inherent in differentiation strategies, with platform performance contingent on strategic coherence between external positioning and internal governance architectures. Three key theoretical advances emerge: First, integrating Porterian positioning theory with platform boundary theory, we demonstrate how governance dimensions serve as compensatory tools that enable radical market differentiation in sharing economy platforms without legitimacy erosion, a trade-off insufficiently addressed in prior distinctiveness theory research. Second, building on configuration theory, in the context of the sharing economy, we solve the theoretical tensions in the distinctiveness-performance relationship by demonstrating configurational equifinality—both radical and conservative strategies succeed when external and internal dimensions achieve strategic coherence. Third, advancing research of sharing user participation, we establish that participation in trust-sensitive sharing platforms depends on strategic alignment between positioning and governance dimensions rather than isolated optimization of individual dimensions. These contextualized findings provide managers with evidence-based frameworks to coordinate market positioning strategies with governance investments, particularly when operating in institutionally complex environments. The demonstrated mechanisms in China’s sharing economy warrant future verification in other platform types and cultural contexts.
The emergence of short-term lease platforms has disrupted the global tourism and hospitality sector, with implications not only for traditional hotels, but entire destinations. Despite numerous studies on the effects … The emergence of short-term lease platforms has disrupted the global tourism and hospitality sector, with implications not only for traditional hotels, but entire destinations. Despite numerous studies on the effects of short-term leases on hotel performance, limited research has sought to advance the conceptual understanding of local-level countermeasures employed by hotels. Consequently, this research critically examines the competitive entry barriers employed by incumbent hotels to deter short-term leases, with an emphasis on preemption and brand loyalty strategies. Using a panel analysis and zero-inflated multilevel Negative Binomial Regression, findings reveal that increasing the proportion of branded hotels effectively deters short-term lease entries, while quality concentration also reduces market entry rates. Findings articulate effective strategies for hotels and policymakers to protect market share and maintain community stability in the face of evolving sector dynamics. Future research should examine the diverse strategies traditional hospitality providers can leverage to counteract short-term lease market entry. Also available in Chinese. See Supplemental Material for details.
With the rapid growth of the livestreaming economy, property disputes arising from one-sided live-streaming rewards by spouses are increasing. This paper begins by analyzing the legal nature of reward behavior … With the rapid growth of the livestreaming economy, property disputes arising from one-sided live-streaming rewards by spouses are increasing. This paper begins by analyzing the legal nature of reward behavior in livestreams, systematically examining the triangular legal relationships among users, streamers, and platforms. It advocates for the behavioral differentiation theory to dynamically define the legal relationship between users and streamers, based on factors such as transaction intent, mutual agreement, and the reasonableness of consideration. Regarding the validity of rewards, the paper asserts that such acts should be deemed invalid when there is evidence of bad faith or conduct contrary to public order and good morals on the part of the streamer. For the rules governing the return of rewarded assets, the author proposes a differentiated approach, allowing the non-rewarding spouse to seek remedies against both the streamer and the rewarding spouse. This study seeks to explore practical governance and protection paths for family assets in the digital age, balancing the dual needs of safeguarding marital property and supporting the development of the livestreaming industry.
The aim of the article is to present institutional conditions for the development of bicycle mobility in selected Polish cities, which is a response to transport problems in urban areas. … The aim of the article is to present institutional conditions for the development of bicycle mobility in selected Polish cities, which is a response to transport problems in urban areas. The analysis covered four large urban centers - Warsaw, Gdańsk, Bydgoszcz and Katowice. Planning and strategic documents were reviewed. Particular attention was brought to the development of bicycle infrastructure, bike sharing systems and actions promoting the movement on bikes. This has been correlated with the increasing number of bicycle users and the level of their safety on the roads. The conducted analysis of case studies allowed to make a general statement that bicycle mobility in Polish cities is growing in importance. The assumptions introduced by local governments are in line with the idea of sustainable urban mobility and the so-called a new culture of mobility.
Kelvin W. Ivankovic | The Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management
Background: In recent years, the sharing economy (SE) has garnered increasing attention for its potential to enable businesses to access resources that would otherwise be difficult or costly to acquire. … Background: In recent years, the sharing economy (SE) has garnered increasing attention for its potential to enable businesses to access resources that would otherwise be difficult or costly to acquire. This is expected to be particularly beneficial for startups that face resource constraints. Aim: This research aimed to explore how the SE principles can be applied to help startups gain access to resources for prototype development, testing and verification. Setting: This study investigated how two empirical cases (one in South Africa and another in Norway) apply the SE principles to provide startups with access to resources for prototype development, testing and verification. Methods: This study employed an embedded multiple case study design, drawing on in-depth interviews with key actors associated with the two cases. Interview data were combined with additional data sources, including field visits, observations and secondary data. Results: The research findings demonstrate how the SE principles can be applied to enable startups to access both tangible (e.g. specialised prototyping and test equipment) and intangible resources (e.g. technical and market knowledge, networks and pilot customers) through centralised resource pools and peer-to-peer intermediation. Conclusion: The significance of hands-on engagement with startups is emphasised, as intangible resources (e.g. technical and industry knowledge) are shown to be necessary to facilitate the sharing of tangible resources (e.g. specialised equipment). Contribution: This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the SE, particularly in the context where startups participate in the SE as resource users.
Background: The vaping market in Great Britain has shifted rapidly since 2021, driven by the rise of disposable vapes, regulatory announcements, changing consumer behaviours, and market responses. Aim: To examine … Background: The vaping market in Great Britain has shifted rapidly since 2021, driven by the rise of disposable vapes, regulatory announcements, changing consumer behaviours, and market responses. Aim: To examine changes in the amount people who vape spend on vaping products between 2021 and 2025, overall and within key population subgroups. Design: Monthly representative cross-sectional survey. Setting: Great Britain. Participants: 4,072 people aged 16+ years surveyed between January 2021 and April 2025 who reported current vaping and provided data on expenditure. Main outcome measures: The outcome was self-reported weekly expenditure on vaping products (in British pounds), adjusted for inflation. Monthly time trends in expenditure were modelled using linear regression, overall and by main device type (disposable/reusable), age, occupational social grade (ABC1=more advantaged/C2DE=less advantaged), smoking status (current/former/never), and (among current cigarette smokers) smoking frequency (daily/non-daily). For context, we also modelled changes in the proportion who reported mainly/exclusive using disposable vapes. Results: Overall, average weekly inflation-adjusted expenditure on vaping products increased from GBP6.13 (95%CI=5.66-6.63) to 8.39 (7.79-9.05) - a relative change of +37.0% - with increases in expenditure occurring predominantly among those using disposable vapes (+42.6%). The trend was, however, non-linear. Expenditure first increased steadily between January 2021 and December 2022, peaking at GBP9.12 (8.70-9.57) in September 2023, and declined slightly thereafter. This trend mirrored changes in disposable vape use, which rose from 1.0% (0.5-2.0%) in January 2021 to a peak of 39.8% (36.8-42.8%) in April 2023, then fell to 29.7% (24.8-35.1%) by April 2025. The increases and then declines in expenditure were most pronounced among subgroups whose use of disposables increased and then declined the most. For example, expenditure in those who were aged 16 increased by 143.5% to June 2023 followed by a 30.9% decline by April 2025. Conclusions: From 2021 to 2023, inflation-adjusted overall expenditure on vaping products increased substantially among people who vape in Great Britain, particularly during the rapid rise of disposable vaping. Between 2023 to 2025, overall expenditure declined slightly with large declines in subgroups with the greatest switching away from disposable vapes, particularly young people. An impending ban on disposables in Britain in 2025, which was announced in 2023, may have been responsible for people switching away from disposables, and unintentionally resulted in vaping becoming more affordable among subgroups, such as young people, who predominantly started vaping with disposables.
Swaty | IGI Global eBooks
The rapid advancement of technology has redefined how individuals interact with services, creating a paradigm shift toward self-service experiences in a hyper-connected world. This chapter explores the evolution, design principles, … The rapid advancement of technology has redefined how individuals interact with services, creating a paradigm shift toward self-service experiences in a hyper-connected world. This chapter explores the evolution, design principles, and transformative impact of next-generation self-service technologies, which are reshaping industries such as retail, healthcare, banking, and public services. By leveraging innovations like artificial intelligence, blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), and augmented reality (AR), these systems empower users with convenience, personalization, and autonomy. However, the design and implementation of self-service solutions pose significant challenges, including ensuring accessibility, addressing privacy concerns, mitigating technological overload, and embedding ethical considerations into systems. This chapter emphasizes the importance of user-centric design, seamless integration, and security as foundational principles for crafting effective self-service experiences. It also highlights the need for inclusive strategies to bridge digital divides and promote equitable access. Looking forward, the emergence of ambient intelligence and decentralized technologies herald's new possibilities for enhancing self-service systems. Through case studies, trends, and actionable insights, this chapter provides a comprehensive roadmap for organizations and designers to navigate the complexities of creating next-generation self-service platforms. By fostering innovation while addressing ethical and societal considerations, these systems hold the potential to transform service delivery, enabling a truly connected and empowered world.
Environmental pollution has become a significant issue, and environmental protection within the realm of sports has garnered increasing attention from various sectors of the academic community. This study takes the … Environmental pollution has become a significant issue, and environmental protection within the realm of sports has garnered increasing attention from various sectors of the academic community. This study takes the public’s intention to purchase sports stadiums as the research object, introduces two mediating variables of green value perception and sense of accomplishment, builds a hypothetical model from the perspective of motivation protection theory, and explores the influence of perceived functional risk of green sports stadiums on consumption intention through SEM analysis based on the samples of the recovered questionnaires (N = 1073). The results are as follows: first, there is a negative influence between perceived functional risk and green sports stadium consumption intention, and the lower the perceived functional risk of green sports stadiums, the more consumers can promote their choice of green sports stadiums when they consume in stadiums; second, green value perception plays a mediating role in the relationship between perceived functional risk and green sports stadium services consumption intention; third, a sense of accomplishment plays a mediating role in the relationship between perceived functional risk and willingness to consume green sports stadium; fourth, green value perception and a sense of accomplishment play a chain mediating role between perceived functional risk and willingness to consume in the context of green sports stadiums. This study aims to contribute to the popularization and development of green sports stadiums in China and to provide green sports stadium builders and managers with more targeted and effective marketing strategies.
Jan Huizing | Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Cases
The Social Hub operates with a hybrid hospitality concept that fosters community and encourages interactions among guests. It engages with the local community and aims to improve society. Built on … The Social Hub operates with a hybrid hospitality concept that fosters community and encourages interactions among guests. It engages with the local community and aims to improve society. Built on strong values and beliefs, The Social Hub strives to be more than just a hotel; it serves as a hub that provides community spaces and empowers changemakers. Currently, the primary focus is on building the internal (on-premises) community, but The Social Hub is actively exploring strategies to engage with residents and businesses effectively. Adding to their innovative approach, The Social Hub faces interesting challenges and opportunities to create value and growth by further engaging with the surrounding community.
ABSTRACT The study aims to analyze the applied role of stimulating and restrictive measures adopted by the state in establishing a balance between sustainable consumption and sustainable production in the … ABSTRACT The study aims to analyze the applied role of stimulating and restrictive measures adopted by the state in establishing a balance between sustainable consumption and sustainable production in the context of the sharing economy. The use of clustering methods, such as tree and k ‐means, helped classify and compare the stability of economies in different countries, highlighting groups of similar characteristics. The use of sustainable development, international influence, and statistical efficiency indices deepens the analysis. It has been established that countries with high economic development indicators—such as GDP, balance of payments, and consumption level—possess a significantly greater potential for the development of the sharing economy. The approximation of the polynomial trend to the dynamics of key indicators, including GDP ( R 2 = 0.9893), balance of payments ( R 2 = 0.6967), and consumption level ( R 2 = 0.9918), demonstrates polynomial trends. Recommendations for achieving a positive balance in the sharing economy primarily concern the following sectors: domestic services (8.4%), production capacity (8.2%), and knowledge and skills (5.9%). The development of measures for government intervention in the sectors of the sharing economy, based on analytical research, emphasizes the applied nature of the approach, ensuring its efficiency and sustainability.
Bridal fashion is resource-intensive and largely characterized by single-use garments, resulting in significant environmental impact. Collaborative consumption models, such as second-hand purchasing and dress rentals offer a more sustainable alternative … Bridal fashion is resource-intensive and largely characterized by single-use garments, resulting in significant environmental impact. Collaborative consumption models, such as second-hand purchasing and dress rentals offer a more sustainable alternative by extending product lifecycles and reducing waste. This study investigates the factors influencing Austrian consumers' adoption of collaborative consumption models in bridal fashion. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with women married between 2022 and 2024 or at the time planning a wedding, the research identifies key motivations and barriers for buying a second-hand or rental gown. Findings reveal that monetary incentives, practicality, and access to unique designs or discontinued designs are primary drivers of adoption, while sustainability is perceived as a secondary benefit. Barriers include limited awareness or availability, perceived lack of uniqueness, social influences and concerns about quality, fit or the ambiance of second-hand settings. Emotional and cultural factors such as superstition or attachment to the symbolism of the wedding dress also play a role. This study extends collaborative fashion consumption research into a high-symbolism, niche product category. It offers both theoretical contributions and practical insights for improving communication, service design, and consumer engagement in the bridal sector.
As a globe leader in tourism, Spain relies on this sector as a key economic pillar, contributing over 12% to its GDP. The hospitality industry has expanded steadily in response … As a globe leader in tourism, Spain relies on this sector as a key economic pillar, contributing over 12% to its GDP. The hospitality industry has expanded steadily in response to growing demand. In parallel, recent years have witnessed an exponential rise in tourist accommodations, such as privately owned properties repurposed for short-term rentals, largely facilitated by digital platforms. This study explores the evolution and spatial distribution of these accommodations, assessing their share within the overall housing stock across different scales. The focus is on Andalusian municipalities, a region characterized by both its geographical diversity and its significant tourism footprint. This study highlights two primary areas of concentration: the region’s Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines (most notably the Costa del Sol, centered in Malaga) and internationally renowned heritage cities such as Seville, Granada, and Cordoba. By applying quantitative methods, this research assesses the clustering of tourist accommodations in relation to major cultural landmarks, including several UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The findings provide an analysis of the implications of this trend, shedding light on the challenges and opportunities it presents within the tourism sector, particularly against the backdrop of mounting criticism surrounding the sustainability and socio-economic impacts of this evolving model of tourism.
Over the last few years, short-term lets or home sharing have radically changed the dynamics of mass tourism and triggered disruptive consequences for civic, social and economic life. While lucrative … Over the last few years, short-term lets or home sharing have radically changed the dynamics of mass tourism and triggered disruptive consequences for civic, social and economic life. While lucrative for some, it has also impacted the character of different urban areas, creating significant changes to the local economy and often triggering citizens’ discontent. While previous works have focused on the economic and urban effects of short-term letting, much less is known about the electoral impact of the ‘Airbnb phenomenon’. Does it lead to a higher propensity to vote for certain parties? Using detailed geographic data on Airbnb locations in Barcelona and geo-located individual-level surveys, this article examines the effect of short-term letting on electoral behaviour. We contend that short-term letting can become a mobilising issue for political entrepreneurs. Our analysis shows that areas with a higher concentration of Airbnbs were more likely to vote for the party that campaigned in favour of restrictive home-sharing regulations. This study has important implications for our understanding of the interplay between urban management, housing, protest and vote choice.
Abstract The sharing economy has expanded rapidly, reshaping consumption, labor, and service delivery across sectors. While much research highlights its benefits, critical perspectives on its limitations remain fragmented. This study … Abstract The sharing economy has expanded rapidly, reshaping consumption, labor, and service delivery across sectors. While much research highlights its benefits, critical perspectives on its limitations remain fragmented. This study addresses that gap through a systematic literature review, identifying and categorizing the main drawbacks of the sharing economy across five dimensions: social, legal, technological, economic, and environmental. By synthesizing these critiques into a cohesive framework, the study offers a more comprehensive understanding of the structural challenges associated with sharing economy platforms. It draws on interdisciplinary perspectives to highlight issues such as platform power asymmetries, regulatory gaps, and labor precarity – concerns that have intensified in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper contributes to theory by integrating insights across academic domains and to practice by offering targeted recommendations for policymakers and managers. These include differentiated regulation and improved governance strategies to support fairer, more sustainable platform models.
Although location choice is fundamental in the hospitality industry, current research often overlooks the role of incumbent market structures in shaping these decisions. This study addresses this gap by examining … Although location choice is fundamental in the hospitality industry, current research often overlooks the role of incumbent market structures in shaping these decisions. This study addresses this gap by examining how strategic entry barriers and brand loyalty influence new entrants’ market choices. Using data from 4,249 Texas hotels (2001–2023) and applying multi-level zero-inflated Poisson and hurdle gamma models, the analysis reveals that ownership consolidation limits the volume of entries and redirects potential entrants to nearby markets, while class heterogeneity surprisingly attracts more entrants. Moreover, strong brand loyalty deters independent hotels entirely and selectively discourages “loyalty beachheads,” although a higher concentration of parent companies may entice certain branded newcomers. These findings offer new insights into how incumbents can influence competitive dynamics and guide policymakers as they weigh the benefits of market consolidation against the need to foster a healthy, diverse hospitality sector.
This study explores how exclusion is materially produced and sustained within the servicescape. While prior research on spatial exclusion has largely emphasized ideological and economic factors, this study foregrounds the … This study explores how exclusion is materially produced and sustained within the servicescape. While prior research on spatial exclusion has largely emphasized ideological and economic factors, this study foregrounds the socio-material structuring of market environments that regulate bodily presence and consumer legitimacy. Servicescapes are not neutral; their material infrastructures are imbued with normative assumptions about bodily conformity, determining who belongs and who is marginalized. Focusing on the inflight servicescape and the experiences of plus-size consumers, this study reveals how spatial constraints, institutional policies, and service interactions converge to enforce bodily discipline. It conceptualizes marginalization as a cycle of exclusion, operating through institutional, relational, and self-disciplining mechanisms. Airline infrastructures, through standardized designs and efficiency-driven protocols, privilege certain body types while marginalizing non-normative bodies. This produces what the study terms a standardization paradox : the pursuit of consistency and inclusivity paradoxically reinforces exclusion by encoding sizeist and ableist norms. By theorizing servicescapes as socio-material instruments of power, this study contributes to consumer research by illustrating how servicescapes shape consumer legitimacy and actively enact market boundaries.
El artículo aborda los desafíos conceptuales en torno al intraemprendimiento en el ámbito público, un campo en desarrollo sin consenso teórico consolidado. Utilizando una metodología cualitativa basada en una revisión … El artículo aborda los desafíos conceptuales en torno al intraemprendimiento en el ámbito público, un campo en desarrollo sin consenso teórico consolidado. Utilizando una metodología cualitativa basada en una revisión sistemática de carácter descriptivo-discursivo de la literatura académica, el estudio examina cómo ha evolucionado el concepto y los debates teóricos que lo rodean. Destaca que el intraemprendimiento es un proceso dinámico que combina la iniciativa individual y estrategias institucionales de innovación, centrado en tres dimensiones clave: proactividad, innovación y renovación estratégica. Sin embargo, enfrenta obstáculos como la resistencia al cambio, la rigidez burocrática y la falta de apoyo institucional. El artículo concluye con una propuesta de definición de intraemprendimiento público, que busca servir de apoyo a los decisores públicos como herramienta en sus estrategias de innovación en las Administraciones y mejora de los servicios a la ciudadanía.
This study offers a strategic critique of shared manufacturing (SharedMfg), a concept rooted in the broader sharing economy (SE) and promoted as a mechanism for optimizing industrial capacity through peer-to-peer … This study offers a strategic critique of shared manufacturing (SharedMfg), a concept rooted in the broader sharing economy (SE) and promoted as a mechanism for optimizing industrial capacity through peer-to-peer coordination. While such frameworks emphasize digital platforms, scheduling efficiency, and resource pooling, they frequently neglect the deeper constraints that govern the real-world feasibility of manufacturing. In particular, SharedMfg models are often constructed atop idealized abstractions, treating manufacturing units as modular, cyber-physical assets within an Industry 4.0 ecosystem, while overlooking the material, energetic, and geopolitical foundations on which all manufacturing ultimately depends. Extending beyond critique, we explore the conceptual underpinnings of SharedMfg within its systemic context, a prelude to the layered pyramid model advanced in this study. This paper argues that manufacturing does not evolve autonomously, but rather reflects the socio-political order in which it is embedded. To address this oversight, we propose a layered conceptual framework – a manufacturing transformation pyramid – that begins not with coordination, but with the substrate: matter, energy, and institutional structure. We contend that genuine transformation in manufacturing systems must be grounded in these foundational realities, rather than in digital optimization alone. Absent this grounding, SharedMfg/SE risks becoming a transient theoretical exercise, bounded by the specific conditions of its historical moment and detached from the structural realities that shape industrial capacity.
This paper deals with the concept of the sharing economy, which has been extended to a lot of different areas, increasing its influence on our lives in recent years. New … This paper deals with the concept of the sharing economy, which has been extended to a lot of different areas, increasing its influence on our lives in recent years. New forms of business models have enabled greater demand by providing easier access to the use of products and services, and at the same time opened the potential to higher supply and created possibility to share unused assets to more providers. The term “sharing economy” covers a broad universe of products and services encompassing different motives for sharing. The presented paper divides sharing economy platforms based on their contribution towards environmental sustainability. This distinction between different forms of sharing economy platforms is important as sustainable aspect of the sharing economy is often advertised. The existing research conducted in this field is insufficient and calls for further attention.
With the rapid acceleration of urbanization in China, the continuous expansion of immigrant communities has gradually revealed significant deficiencies in their spatial service systems. Taking the immigrant community in Hongguozi … With the rapid acceleration of urbanization in China, the continuous expansion of immigrant communities has gradually revealed significant deficiencies in their spatial service systems. Taking the immigrant community in Hongguozi Town, Ningxia as the research object and based on the theory of barrier - free design, this study adopts a comprehensive research method combining field visits, questionnaires, and interviews. It analyzes the existing problems in the community's physical environment, cultural adaptation, and service chains. Three - dimensional optimization strategies are proposed. In spatial design, the study reconstructs the matching relationship of "demand - behavior - space", aiming to create a more suitable spatial environment for residents. In service design, a system model of "tool - interface - process" is constructed to improve the efficiency and quality of community services. In cultural dissemination, the translation and narrative of "cultural symbols and design" are realized, which helps to promote cultural integration and identity among residents. The research aims to improve the living quality of residents in immigrant communities, especially for people with disabilities, and to promote social integration. Although limited by a relatively small sample size, this study provides valuable theoretical and practical references for the optimization of spatial service systems in immigrant communities. It is expected to contribute to the high - quality development of new - type urban and rural construction.