Social Sciences â€ș Sociology and Political Science

Canadian Identity and History

Description

This cluster of papers encompasses a wide range of topics related to the historical and social dynamics of Canada, including the evolution of Canadian identity, social policies, the experiences of minorities, cultural identity, immigration patterns, nationalism, and societal transformation. The papers delve into various aspects of Canadian history, shedding light on the complexities and nuances that have shaped the country's development over time.

Keywords

Canada; history; identity; social policy; minorities; cultural identity; immigration; nationalism; language; societal transformation

They say that the three biggest lies in America are, “The check’s in the mail”; “Of course I’ll respect you afterwards, honey”; and “I’m from Washington and I’m here to 
 They say that the three biggest lies in America are, “The check’s in the mail”; “Of course I’ll respect you afterwards, honey”; and “I’m from Washington and I’m here to help you.” Well, I am from Washington, I’m an editor of the Washington Post, and I’m going to try to help you today. I’m going to try to explain how the continent is really working right now, not as if it were three nations – the United States, Canada, and Mexico; not as if it were 50 states; not as it should work, as an academic might have it; but how it is really working and how best to understand how we will be moving into the 21st century as a result.
Abstract The emphasis on culture in studies of colonialism tends to obscure other forms of colonial power while making it impossible to contextualize the cultural argument and assess its salience. 
 Abstract The emphasis on culture in studies of colonialism tends to obscure other forms of colonial power while making it impossible to contextualize the cultural argument and assess its salience. Rather than focusing on texts, systems of signification, and procedures of knowledge generation, as the colonial discourse literature is wont to do, a fuller understanding of colonial powers is achieved by explaining colonialism's basic geographical dispossessions of the colonized. In so doing, the issue of power is not prejudged and the particular roles of different modes and theories of colonial power come into focus. I explore these propositions by considering the powers underlying the reserve (reservation) system in British Columbia, a system that, by allocating a tiny fraction of the land to native people and opening the rest for development, facilitated the geographical reorganization of the province. My conclusions are these: the initial ability to dispossess rested primarily on physical power and the supporting infrastructure of the state; the momentum to dispossess derived from the interest of capital in profit and of settlers in forging new livelihoods; the legitimation of and moral justification for dispossession lay in a cultural discourse that located civilization and savagery and identified the land uses associated with each; and the management of dispossession rested with a set of disciplinary technologies of which maps, numbers, law, and the geography of resettlement itself were the most important. Although no one body of theory explains colonial power, several theoretical perspectives yield crucial insights.
Considered by many to be Northrop Frye's magnum opus, The Great Code (1982) reflects a lifetime of thinking about the patterns and meanings of the Bible. In this new edition 
 Considered by many to be Northrop Frye's magnum opus, The Great Code (1982) reflects a lifetime of thinking about the patterns and meanings of the Bible. In this new edition of The Great Code, Alvin A. Lee presents a corrected and fully annotated version of Frye's text, as well as a comprehensive introduction to help contextualize this important work and guide readers through its allusive passages. Lee's introduction provides a synoptic account of the role of the Bible in Frye's intellectual and spiritual odyssey, as well as a description of how The Great Code as a book came into existence, and an introductory critique of the shape and meaning of the book's argument. The Great Code is culturally allusive to a high degree. It takes much of its inspiration from the Bible itself, including a profusion of biblical passages, but also from the author's extensive reading of a host of other texts from ancient times until the late twentieth century. Lee's extensive annotation illustrates, beyond question, that Frye's knowledge of the Bible and how it has worked in Western culture was at once profound and visionary. This new edition not only re-presents Frye's text in a clear, correct, and fully annotated form, it goes a long way in helping us understand the widespread scholarly and popular reception that met this extraordinary and in some ways revolutionary book and how it can still be richly rewarding for readers.
With the growing strength of minority voices in recent decades has come much impassioned discussion of residential schools, the institutions where attendance by Native children was compulsory as recently as 
 With the growing strength of minority voices in recent decades has come much impassioned discussion of residential schools, the institutions where attendance by Native children was compulsory as recently as the 1960s. Former students have come forward in increasing numbers to describe the psychological and physical abuse they suffered in these schools, and many view the system as an experiment in cultural genocide. In this first comprehensive history of these institutions, J.R. Miller explores the motives of all three agents in the story. He looks at the separate experiences and agendas of the government officials who authorized the schools, the missionaries who taught in them, and the students who attended them. Starting with the foundations of residential schooling in seventeenth-century New France, Miller traces the modern version of the institution that was created in the 1880s, and, finally, describes the phasing-out of the schools in the 1960s. He looks at instruction, work and recreation, care and abuse, and the growing resistance to the system on the part of students and their families. Based on extensive interviews as well as archival research, Miller's history is particularly rich in Native accounts of the school system. This book is an absolute first in its comprehensive treatment of this subject. J.R. Miller has written a new chapter in the history of relations between indigenous and immigrant peoples in Canada. Co-winner of the 1996 Saskatchewan Book Award for nonfiction. Winner of the 1996 John Wesley Dafoe Foundation competition for Distinguished Writing by Canadians Named an 'Outstanding Book on the subject of human rights in North America' by the Gustavus Myer Center for the Study of Human Rights in North America.
Journal Article The New Disability History: American Perspectives. Ed. by Paul K. Longmore and Lauri Umansky. (New York: New York University Press, 2001. vi, 416 pp. Cloth, $65.00, ISBN 0-8147-8563-8. 
 Journal Article The New Disability History: American Perspectives. Ed. by Paul K. Longmore and Lauri Umansky. (New York: New York University Press, 2001. vi, 416 pp. Cloth, $65.00, ISBN 0-8147-8563-8. Paper, $23.95, ISBN 0-8147-8564-6.) Get access James W. Trent James W. Trent Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 89, Issue 1, June 2002, Pages 194–195, https://doi.org/10.2307/2700798 Published: 01 June 2002
AbstractA national survey of multicultural and ethnic attitudes was carried out in June 1991, with a representative sample of 2500 respondents, and oversamples in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver (total N 
 AbstractA national survey of multicultural and ethnic attitudes was carried out in June 1991, with a representative sample of 2500 respondents, and oversamples in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver (total N = 3325). Scales were developed to assess attitudes towards various aspects of multiculturalism (
The rhetoric of Quebec sovereignty is based upon an appeal to a particular motivated subject, the Québécois. Rhetorical theory usually takes such a subject as a given. A theory of 
 The rhetoric of Quebec sovereignty is based upon an appeal to a particular motivated subject, the Québécois. Rhetorical theory usually takes such a subject as a given. A theory of constitutive rhetoric, based on the principle of identification, can account for the constitution of subjects of this type. Such subjects, agents within ideological discourse, are interpellated or called into being through rhetorical narratives. Such narratives constitute collective political subjects through a series of formal discursive effects. These effects result in a discursively constituted subjectivity that can form the basis for an ideological appeal to action.
Preface and AcknowledgmentsPart 1. Politicizing Bodily Differences1. Disability, Identity, and Representation: An Introduction2. Theorizing DisabilityPart 2. Constructing Disabled Figures: Cultural and Literary Sites3. The Cultural Work of American Freak Shows, 
 Preface and AcknowledgmentsPart 1. Politicizing Bodily Differences1. Disability, Identity, and Representation: An Introduction2. Theorizing DisabilityPart 2. Constructing Disabled Figures: Cultural and Literary Sites3. The Cultural Work of American Freak Shows, 1835-19404. Benevolent Maternalism and the Disabled Women in Stowe, Davis and Phelps5. Disabled Women as Powerful Women in Petry, Morrison, and LordeConclusion: From Pathology to IdentityNotesBibliographyIndex
Journal Article Identifying Identity: A Semantic History Get access Philip Gleason Philip Gleason professor of history University of Notre Dame Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic 
 Journal Article Identifying Identity: A Semantic History Get access Philip Gleason Philip Gleason professor of history University of Notre Dame Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 69, Issue 4, March 1983, Pages 910–931, https://doi.org/10.2307/1901196 Published: 01 March 1983
My experiences combining research and activism within the Japanese-Canadian community reflect a growing concern among feminist and anti-racist scholars with the politics of work among people marginalized by racism and 
 My experiences combining research and activism within the Japanese-Canadian community reflect a growing concern among feminist and anti-racist scholars with the politics of work among people marginalized by racism and sexism. This concern arises within a context where "other voices" are being heard, but the legitimacy of one individual or group to represent another is being challenged. Such challenges require that essentialism and naturalism be addressed politically and theoretically, a difficult irony given the need to utilize essentialist categories to address the oppressive conditions under which they emerged. To do so, a critical theory of political construction is required.
Immigration policy has always been and continues to be a subject of intense political and public debate. This book examines the ideas, interests, institutions, and rhetoric that have shaped Canada's 
 Immigration policy has always been and continues to be a subject of intense political and public debate. This book examines the ideas, interests, institutions, and rhetoric that have shaped Canada's immigration history.Beginning their study in the pre-Confederation period, the authors tell of the dramatic transformations that have characterized our attitudes towards immigrants. While, at first, few obstacles were placed in the way of newcomers to Canada, the turn of the century brought policies of increasing selectivity. The massive deportations of the First World War and Depression eras were exceeded in harshness only by the tactics implemented during the Second World War, when nearly all of the Japanese-Canadian population was incarcerated and when Jewish refugees fleeing from mass extermination abroad were turned away from our shores.Bringing us up to date with an analysis of the more expansionary policies of the 1990s, the authors clarify the central issues and attitudes underlying each phase and juncture of policy decision-making. Their thoughtful study reveals a set of core normative and ethical values that have been fundamental in the making of the Canadian mosaic.
The term intersectionality references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but rather as reciprocally constructing phenomena. 
 The term intersectionality references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but rather as reciprocally constructing phenomena. Despite this ...Read More
Many people think that ethnocultural politics in Canada are spiralling out of control, with ever more groups making ever greater demands. This book offers a more balanced and optimistic picture. 
 Many people think that ethnocultural politics in Canada are spiralling out of control, with ever more groups making ever greater demands. This book offers a more balanced and optimistic picture. It argues that we have learned many important lessons about how to accommodate ethnocultural diversity, lessons which can help us tackle the challenges still facing us. The first half of the book examines the situation of ethnic groups formed by immigration to Canada. It argues that the multicultural model of integration adopted by the Canadian government in 1971 has worked much better than many people realize, and can be adapted to meet today's new challenges. Accommodating these 'nations within' is difficult, but here too we have learned a great deal about what works, and what does not. Reflecting on these lessons can help put our conflicts back into perspective. The challenges of ethnocultural diversity in Canada are real, but not insurmoutable, and we can draw upon an impressive range of experiences and resources in addressing them.
Journal Article The Harmony of Illusions: Inventing PostTraumatic Stress Disorder. By Allan Young. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. x, 327 pp. $35.00, ISBN 0-691-03352-8.) Get access Jonathan Shay, M.D., Ph.D. 
 Journal Article The Harmony of Illusions: Inventing PostTraumatic Stress Disorder. By Allan Young. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. x, 327 pp. $35.00, ISBN 0-691-03352-8.) Get access Jonathan Shay, M.D., Ph.D. Jonathan Shay, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Veterans Affairs, Outpatient Clinic, Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 83, Issue 2, September 1996, Pages 709–710, https://doi.org/10.2307/2945096 Published: 01 September 1996
What connects public protest of police violence in Ferguson, Missouri with resistance to the occupation of Palestine? Which institutional genealogies can draw disability rights, trans experience, a... What connects public protest of police violence in Ferguson, Missouri with resistance to the occupation of Palestine? Which institutional genealogies can draw disability rights, trans experience, a...
Rifkin's book presents a novel and ambitious perspective in analysing the process of land dispossession and forced assimilation of Native Americans during the consolidation of the U.S. national sta... Rifkin's book presents a novel and ambitious perspective in analysing the process of land dispossession and forced assimilation of Native Americans during the consolidation of the U.S. national sta...
Journal Article Postethnic America: Beyond Multiculturalism. By David A. Hollinger. (New York: Basic-Books, 1995. xiv, 210 pp. $22.00, ISBN 0-465-05991-0.) Get access Philip Gleason Philip Gleason University of Notre Dame, 
 Journal Article Postethnic America: Beyond Multiculturalism. By David A. Hollinger. (New York: Basic-Books, 1995. xiv, 210 pp. $22.00, ISBN 0-465-05991-0.) Get access Philip Gleason Philip Gleason University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 82, Issue 4, March 1996, Pages 1658–1659, https://doi.org/10.2307/2945449 Published: 01 March 1996
Care Work: Dreaming Disability Justice is a collection of visionary essays on vibrant organizing for Disability Justice that is gathering momentum across the unceded and occupied Indigenous territo... Care Work: Dreaming Disability Justice is a collection of visionary essays on vibrant organizing for Disability Justice that is gathering momentum across the unceded and occupied Indigenous territo...
The Fourth Edition of the Disability Studies Reader breaks new ground by emphasizing the global, transgender, homonational, and posthuman conceptions of disability. Including physical disabilities, but exploring issues around pain, 
 The Fourth Edition of the Disability Studies Reader breaks new ground by emphasizing the global, transgender, homonational, and posthuman conceptions of disability. Including physical disabilities, but exploring issues around pain, mental disability, and invisible disabilities, this edition explores more varieties of bodily and mental experience. New histories of the legal, social, and cultural give a broader picture of disability than ever before. Now available for the first time in eBook format 978-0-203-07788-7.
Journal Article Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era. By Elaine Tyler May. (New York: Basic, 1988, xii + 284 pp. $20.95.) Get access Joseph M. Hawes Joseph 
 Journal Article Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era. By Elaine Tyler May. (New York: Basic, 1988, xii + 284 pp. $20.95.) Get access Joseph M. Hawes Joseph M. Hawes Memphis State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 76, Issue 2, September 1989, Page 656, https://doi.org/10.2307/1908102 Published: 01 September 1989
1. THE END OF IDENTITY POLITICS AND THE BEGINNING OF DISMODERNISM 2. CRIPS STRIKE BACK 3. DR. JOHNSON, AMELIA, AND THE DISCOURSE OF DISABILITY 4. CRIMINAL STATEMENTS 5. WHO PUT 
 1. THE END OF IDENTITY POLITICS AND THE BEGINNING OF DISMODERNISM 2. CRIPS STRIKE BACK 3. DR. JOHNSON, AMELIA, AND THE DISCOURSE OF DISABILITY 4. CRIMINAL STATEMENTS 5. WHO PUT THE THE IN THE NOVEL? 6. THE RULE OF NORMALCY 7. BENDING OVER BACKWARDS 8. GO TO THE MARGINS OF THE CLASS 9. A VOYAGE OUT (OR IS IT BACK?)
Introduction: Contextual Political Theory, Comparative Perspectives, and Justice as Evenhandedness Complex Justice, Cultural Difference, and Political Community Liberalism and Culture Distinguishing Between Difference and Domination: Reflections on the Relation Between 
 Introduction: Contextual Political Theory, Comparative Perspectives, and Justice as Evenhandedness Complex Justice, Cultural Difference, and Political Community Liberalism and Culture Distinguishing Between Difference and Domination: Reflections on the Relation Between Pluralism and Equality Cultural Adaptation and the Integration of Immigrants: The Case of Quebec Muslim Minorities in Liberal Democracies: Justice and the Limits of Toleration Multiple Political Memberships, Overlapping National Identities, and the Dimensions of Citizenship Citizenship and the Challenge of Aboriginal Self-Government: Is Deep Diversity Desirable? Democracy and Respect for Difference: The Case of Fiji Conclusion
| Cambridge University Press eBooks
Abstract Holding any position in music education outside of the established norms places one in a battle. “Coming out” as a feminist—merely saying the word out loud—enters you into a 
 Abstract Holding any position in music education outside of the established norms places one in a battle. “Coming out” as a feminist—merely saying the word out loud—enters you into a war. In this chapter, the authors draw upon their own experiences in music education as a tool to interrogate the past, present, and future of feminist scholarship and pedagogy in music education. Combining vignettes with critical reflection, the authors interrogate the personal cost of engaging in work that is seen by some as unnecessary, transgressive, and even dangerous. Drawing upon feminist theories and pedagogies, the authors move beyond experiences of the past to envision a more conscious music educator—one who will speak the truth about those being hurt, ignored, or denied by music education practices; one who will face indefensible challenges and not engage in the wars; a music educator who is steeped in compassion, love, and an ever-growing awareness of the needs of those they serve.
Paul Sanden | State University of New York Press eBooks

The North

2025-06-20
Matthew Dimmock , Andrew Hadfield | Oxford University Press eBooks
Abstract The north was often seen as a frozen wasteland, unable to support much life, its whiteness fascinating for observers. It was also an abundant resource waiting to be exploited 
 Abstract The north was often seen as a frozen wasteland, unable to support much life, its whiteness fascinating for observers. It was also an abundant resource waiting to be exploited not just for its fish and blubber, but also because it was thought to contain huge supplies of minerals and gold. There was also the belief/hope that a north-west or north-east passage could be discovered which would provide a route around the globe and grant the British access to the riches of the east. The animals of the north, notably whales and polar bears, reminded the English of the mythical monsters of the ancient world; the islands were also reminders of the edge of the world. The significance of the vast cod stocks is clear from the populations they helped to sustain throughout Europe and the Americas, the British, with their advanced seamanship, eager to acquire more than their fair share.
Karin Wulf | Oxford University Press eBooks
Abstract British American culture and law was profoundly patriarchal, and genealogies stereotypically followed patrilineal connections. But mothers and maternity played a critical role in creating and maintaining family connections. Women’s 
 Abstract British American culture and law was profoundly patriarchal, and genealogies stereotypically followed patrilineal connections. But mothers and maternity played a critical role in creating and maintaining family connections. Women’s sexuality was linked to genealogy in obvious ways, but also in the laws that governed marriage, making unmarried women’s children illegitimate, and in slavery, automatically enslaving the children of enslaved women. This chapter traces the logic of two twinned (Latin) maxims of British American genealogical ideology, law, and practice: Mater semper certa est, pater nunquam: the mother is always known, the father never; and partus sequitur ventrem: the offspring follows the belly. Placing the regulation of women’s sexuality at the center of genealogy, this chapter also looks at the many ways that maternal lineages were invoked, ranging from freedom suits to wealthy interests in heraldry.
MalgrĂ© un imposant corpus consacrĂ© Ă  l’émigration des Canadiens français vers les États-Unis (1840–1930), on connait mal le nombre d’AmĂ©ricains qui en sont les descendants, en raison d’imprĂ©cisions dans les 
 MalgrĂ© un imposant corpus consacrĂ© Ă  l’émigration des Canadiens français vers les États-Unis (1840–1930), on connait mal le nombre d’AmĂ©ricains qui en sont les descendants, en raison d’imprĂ©cisions dans les recensements. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude vise Ă  les quantifier par une approche patronymique. Divers fichiers furent croisĂ©s, suivis d’une vĂ©rification manuelle des noms de famille et de l’exploitation de microdonnĂ©es. Environ 5,7 millions d’AmĂ©ricains portent un patronyme canadien-français et, compte tenu d’un taux d’exogamie de 75,6 %, 10,0 millions possĂšdent une telle ascendance. Cet exode eut un impact considĂ©rable non seulement sur la dĂ©mographie du Canada français mais aussi sur la distribution des noms de famille au QuĂ©bec. En outre, environ 2,5 millions d’AmĂ©ricains ont un ancĂȘtre venu directement de France, sans passer par le Canada.
Cette entrevue est le fruit d’une sĂ©rie de discussions avec l’écrivaine quĂ©bĂ©coise Marie-CĂ©lie Agnant et propose, entre autres, ses rĂ©flexions sur son art, sa vision de l’écriture et sa traduction 
 Cette entrevue est le fruit d’une sĂ©rie de discussions avec l’écrivaine quĂ©bĂ©coise Marie-CĂ©lie Agnant et propose, entre autres, ses rĂ©flexions sur son art, sa vision de l’écriture et sa traduction vers le crĂ©ole de son premier roman. Suite Ă  une biographie de l’auteure et une liste des titres de certains de ses ouvrages et quelques-unes des distinctions qui lui ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©cernĂ©es, cet entretien rĂ©vĂšle l’aspect multisensoriel de son processus de crĂ©ation ainsi que l’influence profonde du théùtre sur son imaginaire. À l’image du colibri qui apporte sa contribution – si petite soit-elle – contre un immense incendie de forĂȘt dans une lĂ©gende amĂ©rindienne, l’écrivaine explique faire usage de la littĂ©rature dans une lutte contre le silence et l’oubli. Agnant souligne non seulement le plaisir mais aussi la nĂ©cessitĂ© de conter et de mettre l’accent sur les histoires occultĂ©es et les souvenirs familiaux, malgrĂ© les traumatismes de l’histoire haĂŻtienne, de l’immigration et de l’exil. En donnant la parole aux femmes, l’écrivaine valorise leur rĂŽle dans l’éducation des enfants et dans la transmission gĂ©nĂ©rationnelle des valeurs culturelles. Écrivaine incontournable, Marie-CĂ©lie Agnant partage l’essence de son travail : des histoires d’amour, des questions sans rĂ©ponse, cette exigence indispensable qu’est la libertĂ© d’expression et la nĂ©cessitĂ© de garder les yeux ouverts.
Historians agree that hundreds of thousands of French Canadians came to the U.S. in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, where they became the largest element among New England cotton 
 Historians agree that hundreds of thousands of French Canadians came to the U.S. in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, where they became the largest element among New England cotton textile industry employees. Some scholars claim that there was a “recomposition” of the cotton industry’s labor force in favor of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe sometime after 1890. This article explores the extent of this recomposition by quantifying the labor participation of French Canadians and southern/eastern Europeans in the cotton manufacturing industry in the 1920s in a sample of New England towns. Through an analysis of mill records and the 1920 U.S. federal census, this study presents evidence that the French Canadians remained the largest cohort among New England cotton manufacturing employees until the end of the region’s dominance of the textile industry and the relocation of its center of gravity to the U.S. South.
Jen Hoyer | RBM A Journal of Rare Books Manuscripts and Cultural Heritage
| Cambridge University Press eBooks
Abstract Between the February revolution and the 1921 end of the Russian Civil War, Buryat nationalists built a nation around Lake Baikal. Leaders sought Buryat autonomy within a postrevolutionary Russian 
 Abstract Between the February revolution and the 1921 end of the Russian Civil War, Buryat nationalists built a nation around Lake Baikal. Leaders sought Buryat autonomy within a postrevolutionary Russian polity. A lengthy border with Mongolia framed the region’s political geography and state‐builders competed for Buryat allegiances, compelling Buryat nationalists to make the nation legible to Russian authorities. Using Russian and Mongolian archival sources alongside published materials, this article makes three arguments. First, nationalists understood Buryats as Mongols and, thus, pursued Buryat ethnic consolidation. Second, Buryat members of the Cossack estate triggered political anxieties. Cossacks demanded their loyalty to the Transbaikal Cossack Host while nationalists hoped to remove them from the Cossack estate and bind them to the Buryat nation. Tensions between imperial and ethnic social categories, not alignment with parties characteristic of the revolutions and Civil War, sparked bloodshed in the Transbaikal. Finally, the region’s borderland orientation enabled and undermined the Buryat project. Many Buryat‐Cossacks challenged Buryat autonomy by embracing non‐national political affiliations in the Transbaikal and neighboring Mongolia. Ultimately, the Buryat‐Cossack question typified a concern of early‐twentieth‐century state‐builders: how would nations emerge in borderlands where legal hierarchies fragmented populations to forestall nationalism and affirm ruling dynasties’ supremacy?
Evelyn Goh | ANU Press eBooks
| Presses de l’UniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al eBooks