Engineering › Mechanics of Materials

Optimization of Sustainable Biomass Supply Chains

Works Count: 36283

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the optimization and sustainable management of biomass supply chains for bioenergy production. It covers topics such as logistics, life cycle assessment, uncertainty, multiobjective optimization, and the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze biomass resources and facilities locations.

Keywords

Biomass; Supply Chain; Logistics; Bioenergy; Optimization; Sustainability; Life Cycle Assessment; Uncertainty; Multiobjective; GIS

U.S. Billion-Ton Update: Biomass Supply for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry

2011-08-01

Mark Downing , Laurence Eaton , R.L. Graham +5 more

The report, Biomass as Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasibility of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply (generally referred to as the Billion-Ton Study or 2005 BTS), was … The report, Biomass as Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasibility of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply (generally referred to as the Billion-Ton Study or 2005 BTS), was an estimate of 'potential' biomass based on numerous assumptions about current and future inventory, production capacity, availability, and technology. The analysis was made to determine if conterminous U.S. agriculture and forestry resources had the capability to produce at least one billion dry tons of sustainable biomass annually to displace 30% or more of the nation's present petroleum consumption. An effort was made to use conservative estimates to assure confidence in having sufficient supply to reach the goal. The potential biomass was projected to be reasonably available around mid-century when large-scale biorefineries are likely to exist. The study emphasized primary sources of forest- and agriculture-derived biomass, such as logging residues, fuel treatment thinnings, crop residues, and perennially grown grasses and trees. These primary sources have the greatest potential to supply large, reliable, and sustainable quantities of biomass. While the primary sources were emphasized, estimates of secondary residue and tertiary waste resources of biomass were also provided. The original Billion-Ton Resource Assessment, published in 2005, was divided into two parts-forest-derived resources and agriculture-derived resources. The forest resources included residues produced during the harvesting of merchantable timber, forest residues, and small-diameter trees that could become available through initiatives to reduce fire hazards and improve forest health; forest residues from land conversion; fuelwood extracted from forests; residues generated at primary forest product processing mills; and urban wood wastes, municipal solid wastes (MSW), and construction and demolition (C&D) debris. For these forest resources, only residues, wastes, and small-diameter trees were considered. The 2005 BTS did not attempt to include any wood that would normally be used for higher-valued products (e.g., pulpwood) that could potentially shift to bioenergy applications. This would have required a separate economic analysis, which was not part of the 2005 BTS. The agriculture resources in the 2005 BTS included grains used for biofuels production; crop residues derived primarily from corn, wheat, and small grains; and animal manures and other residues. The cropland resource analysis also included estimates of perennial energy crops (e.g., herbaceous grasses, such as switchgrass, woody crops like hybrid poplar, as well as willow grown under short rotations and more intensive management than conventional plantation forests). Woody crops were included under cropland resources because it was assumed that they would be grown on a combination of cropland and pasture rather than forestland. In the 2005 BTS, current resource availability was estimated at 278 million dry tons annually from forestlands and slightly more than 194 million dry tons annually from croplands. These annual quantities increase to about 370 million dry tons from forestlands and to nearly 1 billion dry tons from croplands under scenario conditions of high-yield growth and large-scale plantings of perennial grasses and woody tree crops. This high-yield scenario reflects a mid-century timescale ({approx}2040-2050). Under conditions of lower-yield growth, estimated resource potential was projected to be about 320 and 580 million dry tons for forest and cropland biomass, respectively. As noted earlier, the 2005 BTS emphasized the primary resources (agricultural and forestry residues and energy crops) because they represent nearly 80% of the long-term resource potential. Since publication of the BTS in April 2005, there have been some rather dramatic changes in energy markets. In fact, just prior to the actual publication of the BTS, world oil prices started to increase as a result of a burgeoning worldwide demand and concerns about long-term supplies. By the end of the summer, oil prices topped $70 per barrel (bbl) and catastrophic hurricanes in the Gulf Coast shut down a significant fraction of U.S. refinery capacity. The following year, oil approached $80 per bbl due to supply concerns, as well as continued political tensions in the Middle East. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) was enacted in December of that year. By the end of December 2007, oil prices surpassed $100 per bbl for the first time, and by mid-summer 2008, prices approached $150 per bbl because of supply concerns, speculation, and weakness of the U.S. dollar. As fast as they skyrocketed, oil prices fell, and by the end of 2008, oil prices dropped below $50 per bbl, falling even more a month later due to the global economic recession. In 2009 and 2010, oil prices began to increase again as a result of a weak U.S. dollar and the rebounding of world economies.

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Handbook of Energy Utilization In Agriculture

2019-07-23

David Pimentel

The aim of this volume is to collect and present available data, both published and unpublished, on energy use in agriculture and forestry production. Energy analyses for some sciences such … The aim of this volume is to collect and present available data, both published and unpublished, on energy use in agriculture and forestry production. Energy analyses for some sciences such as ecology are not new, but their applications to agriculture started in 1973. These analyses have grown rapidly in number and complexity. This handbook is intended for agriculturalists and others concerned with energy use in crop, livestock, and forestry production.

Carbon Inventory Methods Handbook for Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Carbon Mitigation and Roundwood Production Projects

2007-11-30

N. H. Ravindranath , Madelene Ostwald

Soil Compaction Problems in World Agriculture

1994-01-01

B.D. Soane , C. van Ouwerkerk

Ethology and neurobiology of grooming behavior

1992-07-01

B.M. Spruijt , J. A. van Hooff , Willem Hendrik Gispen

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Life Cycle Optimization of Biomass-to-Liquid Supply Chains with Distributed–Centralized Processing Networks

2011-06-29

Fengqi You , Belinda Wang

This paper addresses the optimal design and planning of biomass-to-liquids (BTL) supply chains under economic and environmental criteria. The supply chain consists of multisite distributed–centralized processing networks for biomass conversion … This paper addresses the optimal design and planning of biomass-to-liquids (BTL) supply chains under economic and environmental criteria. The supply chain consists of multisite distributed–centralized processing networks for biomass conversion and liquid transportation fuel production. The economic objective is measured by the total annualized cost, and the measure of environmental performance is the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions. A multiobjective, multiperiod, mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed that takes into account diverse conversion pathways and technologies, feedstock seasonality, geographical diversity, biomass degradation, infrastructure compatibility, demand distribution, and government incentives. The model simultaneously predicts the optimal network design, facility location, technology selection, capital investment, production planning, inventory control, and logistics management decisions. The problem is formulated as a bicriterion optimization model and solved with the ε-constraint method. The resulting Pareto-optimal curve reveals how the optimal annualized cost and the BTL processing network structure change with different environmental performances of the supply chain. The proposed approach is illustrated through a county-level case study for the state of Iowa.

Biomass supply chain design and analysis: Basis, overview, modeling, challenges, and future

2013-05-11

Bhavna Sharma , Ricki G. Ingalls , Carol L. Jones +1 more

Experimental investigation of a downdraft biomass gasifier

2002-10-01

Z.A. Zainal , Ali Rifau , G.A. Quadir +1 more

Modeling of biomass-to-energy supply chain operations: Applications, challenges and research directions

2013-12-17

Fereshteh Mafakheri , Fuzhan Nasiri

Compaction of forest soils. A review

1980-01-01

EL Greacen , Roger Sands

The problem of soil compaction in forestry differs from that in agriculture because of differences in the nature of the crop, in particular the weight and size of the plant … The problem of soil compaction in forestry differs from that in agriculture because of differences in the nature of the crop, in particular the weight and size of the plant members and the length of time that they persist. The roots compact the soil as they increase in size, but they also transmit the weight of the tree and forces generated by the wind onto the soil. There are important differences in management practices; in forestry modern harvesting machines apply heavy loads and, for reasons of cost, tend to be kept in operation throughout the year. As a consequence the structure of the soil suffers some damage, often manifested as compaction. Compaction arising from such sources may reduce the growth of the current trees or trees subsequently planted on the site. But it is difficult to predict the extent of such reduction, if any, because of the complex of interactions involved. Important factors concerned, namely, the soil water regime and the organic matter content, are emphasized. A conceptual model is proposed as a predictive tool. The mechanics of soil compaction, the effects of compaction on the physical properties of the soil, and techniques for the prevention and amelioration of compaction of forest soils, are discussed.

Optimal design and global sensitivity analysis of biomass supply chain networks for biofuels under uncertainty

2011-02-16

Jin‐Kyung Kim , Matthew J. Realff , Jay H. Lee

Methods to optimise the design and management of biomass-for-bioenergy supply chains: A review

2014-01-21

Annelies De Meyer , Dirk Cattrysse , Jussi Rasinmäki +1 more

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Fire in Forestry.

1984-11-01

T. C. Whitmore , C. Chandler , Phil Cheney +3 more

World Forest Biomass and Primary Production Data.

1983-07-01

Pamela J. Edwards , M. G. R. Cannell

Logistics issues of biomass: The storage problem and the multi-biomass supply chain

2008-02-06

Athanasios Rentizelas , Athanasios Tolis , Ilías P. Tatsiópoulos

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Assessment and optimization of forest biomass supply chains from economic, social and environmental perspectives – A review of literature

2014-05-04

Claudia Cambero , Taraneh Sowlati

Utilization of Residual Forest Biomass

1989-01-01

Pentti Hakkila

The impact of heavy traffic on forest soils: A review

2014-12-10

Martina Cambi , Giacomo Certini , Francesco Neri +1 more

Logging damage during planned and unplanned logging operations in the eastern Amazon

1996-12-01

Jennifer S. Johns , Paulo Barreto , Christopher Uhl

Quality properties of pelletised sawdust, logging residues and bark

2001-05-01

P. Lehtikangas

Retaining Forest Biomass by Reducing Logging Damage

1996-09-01

Michelle A. Pinard , Francis E. Putz

Global concern over rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide is stimulating development and implementation of policies aimed at reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by enhancing carbon sinks. One option for … Global concern over rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide is stimulating development and implementation of policies aimed at reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by enhancing carbon sinks. One option for reducing net emissions is to lessen damage to residual forests during selective logging, thereby retaining additional carbon in biomass. A pilot carbon offset project was initiated in Sabah, Malaysia, in 1992 in which a power company provided funds to a timber concessionaire to implement guidelines aimed at reducing logging damage; in doing so, the utility gained potential credit towards future emissions reduction requirements. To quantify the carbon retained due to this effort, we compared dipterocarp forests logged according to reduced-impact logging guidelines with forests logged by conventional methods in terms of the above- and below-ground biomass both before and after logging. Prior to logging, the forest stored approximately 400 Mg biomass ha-1, 17 percent of which was belowground. High volumes of timber were removed from both of the logging areas (mean CNV = 154, RIL = 104 m3ha-'). Forty-one percent of the unharvested trees <60 cm DBH were severely damaged (uprooted and crushed) from logging in conventional logging areas in contrast to 15 percent in reduced-impact logging areas. Approximately 18 and 12 percent, respectively, of the remaining residual trees in conventional and reduced-impact logging areas suffered less severe damage (e.g., crown or bark damage). Mortality rates of the less severely damaged trees in all DBH classes were higher during the first year in conventional logging areas than in reduced-impact logging areas. One yr post harvest, conventional and reduced-impact logging areas contained biomass equivalent to about 44 percent and 67 percent of pre-logging levels, respectively. Approximately 62 percent of the difference in carbon retention was due to fewer trees killed in the reduced-impact logging areas; the remaining 38 percent was due to a lower mass of branches, stumps and waste wood from felled trees in reduced-impact logging areas. Mortality of damaged trees in both areas may contribute to net decreases in biomass for several years after logging. More and larger trees remained undamaged where reducedimpact logging was practiced, hence future biomass increment and yields of marketable timber are expected to be greater in the reduced-impact logging areas than in conventional logging areas.

Economics of biomass energy utilization in combustion and gasification plants: effects of logistic variables

2004-10-05

Antonio C. Caputo , Mario Palumbo , Pacifico M. Pelagagge +1 more

Efficiency and economy of wood-fired biomass energy systems in relation to scale regarding heat and power generation using combustion and gasification technologies

2001-08-01

Veronika Dornburg , André Faaij

Quantifying consequences of removing harvesting residues on forest soils and tree growth – A meta-analysis

2015-04-19

David Achat , Christine Deleuze , Guy Landmann +3 more

Time consumption analysis of the mechanized cut-to-length harvesting system

2006-01-01

Tuomo Nurminen , Heikki Korpunen , Jori Uusitalo

<ja:p>The time consumption and productivity of harvesting are dependent on stand conditions, the operatorsâ skills, working techniques and the characteristics of the forestry machinery. Even if the basic methods and … <ja:p>The time consumption and productivity of harvesting are dependent on stand conditions, the operatorsâ skills, working techniques and the characteristics of the forestry machinery. Even if the basic methods and machine types of the cut-to-length harvesting system have not changed significantly in 10 to 15 years, improvements in the operatorsâ competence, technical solutions in forest machinery and changes in the working environment have undoubtedly taken place. In this study, the objective was to discover the special characteristics in the time consumption of mechanized cutting and forest haulage in Finnish conditions. The empirical time study was conducted with professional operators and medium-sized single-grip harvesters and forwarders in final fellings and thinnings in easy terrain in central Finland. The models for effective time consumption in the work phases and total productivity were formed. Stem size, tree species and bucking affected the cutting, whereas timber density on the strip road, the average driving distance, load capacity, wood assortment and the bunching result of the harvester operator had an effect on the forest haulage performance. The results may be used in simulations, cost calculations and education.</ja:p>

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Stored-Grain ecosystems

1996-02-01

David Rees

The ecological effects of clear-cutting

1993-07-01

Rodney J. Keenan , J. P. Kimmins

Clear-cutting is a controversial practice that is widely applied in forests managed for wood production in many parts of the world. This paper aims to provide an objective synthesis of … Clear-cutting is a controversial practice that is widely applied in forests managed for wood production in many parts of the world. This paper aims to provide an objective synthesis of the ecological effects of clear-cutting as a basis for more informed discussion of its merits and disadvantages. A definition of clear-cutting is put forward, and its place in modern productive forestry is described. Effects on microclimate, water, soil, nutrient cycling, and the diversity and composition of plant and animal species are reviewed. The effects of clear-cutting vary considerably depending on site conditions (such as climate, geology, and topography) and on the structure and composition of the forest, the extent and distribution of harvesting, the method used to extract the logs, and the length of time before the forest is removed again. However, it is evident that many of the ecological impacts commonly ascribed to clear-cutting, in fact, result from other stages of the wood-production process, such as the quality and intensity of roading, site preparation practices (such as mechanical disturbance or slash burning), and the intensity of control of noncrop vegetation. Situations where clear-cutting is inappropriate are described. It is argued that in the right situations, with appropriate safeguards, it is an environmentally sound practice that offers many advantages in terms of the production of wood fibre.Key words: clear-cutting, environmental impacts, microclimate, hydrology, soil, forest production, nutrient cycling, wildlife.

Forage quality, evaluation and utilization

1995-11-01

D.I. Givens

Waste biomass-to-energy supply chain management: A critical synthesis

2010-03-17

Eleftherios Iakovou , A. Karagiannidis , Dimitrios Vlachos +2 more

Aessessment of biomass potential for power production: a GIS based method

2001-02-01

D. Voivontas , D. Assimacopoulos , E.G. Koukios

High-pressure densification of wood residues to form an upgraded fuel

2000-09-01

Yi Li

Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff

1989-11-01

K. -J. Hüttemann

Determining fixed and operating costs of logging equipment.

1980-01-01

Edwin S. Miyata

Describes and analyzes all elements of equipment cost and gives a procedure for estimating them. Describes and analyzes all elements of equipment cost and gives a procedure for estimating them.

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Biomass for energy: A review on supply chain management models

2019-12-09

Leonel J. R. Nunes , Thomas P. Causer , Daniel Ciolkosz

05/01139 Global biomass fuel resources

2005-05-01

Ecology and Management of Forest Soils

2019-03-25

Dan Binkley , Richard F. Fisher

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Collection Soil Aninmals

2022-01-01

Registry-Migration.Gbif.Org

Soil Animals Soil Animals

Réserves Naturelles de France (RNF) - RNF - LPO Rhône-Alpes

2017-01-01

Inventaire National Du Patrimoine Naturel

Données RNF de la Ligue pour la protection des oiseaux, Rhône-Alpes Données RNF de la Ligue pour la protection des oiseaux, Rhône-Alpes

Bioenergetics of Wild Herbivores

2018-01-18

Robert J. Hudson

Soil Trafficability Maps: A Geospatial Tool for Reducing Soil Damage and Supporting Sustainable Forest Management in New Zealand

2025-06-25

Francesco Latterini , Nicolò Camarretta , Dominika Janiszewska +3 more | Land Degradation and Development

ABSTRACT Soil disturbance from ground‐based forest operations, including compaction and rut formation, can result in a significant risk to forest sustainability. Soil trafficability maps based on the depth‐to‐water (DTW) index … ABSTRACT Soil disturbance from ground‐based forest operations, including compaction and rut formation, can result in a significant risk to forest sustainability. Soil trafficability maps based on the depth‐to‐water (DTW) index have been widely used in boreal forestry to identify areas prone to soil damage, but their effectiveness outside the boreal forestry context remains untested. The goal of this study was to test the reliability of the DTW index for developing soil trafficability maps. To achieve this goal, we evaluated the validity of DTW‐based soil trafficability maps in three Pinus radiata D. Don plantation forests in New Zealand. Skid trails were selected in both potentially sensitive areas (DTW ≤ 1 m) and less sensitive areas (DTW > 1 m). Soil moisture, rut depth and compaction indicators (bulk density, penetration resistance and shear resistance) were measured. Statistical analyses were conducted using linear mixed‐effects models. We found that DTW index did not correlate with soil moisture at the time of measurement, likely due to seasonal variation between harvesting and sampling periods. However, rut depth was significantly greater in areas at DTW ≤ 1 m, confirming that the DTW index effectively predicts zones prone to surface deformation. Soil compaction was also significantly higher in DTW ≤ 1‐m areas, and, although higher bulk density was observed, differences between DTW classes were less pronounced and not significant. The findings suggest that although DTW‐based maps are useful for identifying areas where machine passage intensifies soil disturbance, they do not delineate ‘safe’ zones where soil remains unaffected. DTW‐based trafficability maps can serve as a valuable tool for minimising logging‐related soil disturbance in New Zealand forests, but their predictive accuracy can be improved by integrating real‐time soil moisture data and developing region‐specific flow initiation area (FIA) tables. Future research should focus on refining these models to enhance their applicability in diverse forestry conditions.

A Systematic Review of Mechanical Pretreatment Techniques of Wood Biomass for Bioenergy

2025-06-24

Giorgia Di Domenico , Elisa Cioccolo , Leonardo Bianchini +5 more | Energies

Lignocellulosic biomass is an exciting renewable resource for producing sustainable biofuels, thanks to its abundance and low environmental impact. However, its intricate structure makes it tough for enzymes to break … Lignocellulosic biomass is an exciting renewable resource for producing sustainable biofuels, thanks to its abundance and low environmental impact. However, its intricate structure makes it tough for enzymes to break it down effectively. Only efficient pretreatment methods can solve these problems. Among these, mechanical pretreatment methods are particularly good for industry because they are easy to use, do not require chemicals, and make it easier to achieve biomass. This systematic review adhered to the PRISMA protocols and used text analysis with VOSviewer to examine 33 academic articles published between 2005 and 2025. It highlighted two main types of mechanical pretreatment: size reduction (which includes grinding, crushing, and shredding) and densification (like pelletizing and briquetting). The results show that mechanical pretreatment can significantly boost biofuel yields by increasing surface area, lowering crystallinity, and allowing better enzyme penetration. Energy consumption remains a major hurdle for the overall sustainability of biomass conversion processes. This research provides a comprehensive review of current mechanical techniques, detailing their operational settings and performance metrics while also offering suggestions for optimizing biomass conversion processes. By promoting the use of mechanical pretreatment in biofuel production systems, the findings align with the principles of a circular economy and contribute to the development of greener energy sources.

Suitability of Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn. Ex Benth., A. Leptocarpa A. Cunn. Ex Benth., A. Julifera Benth., Brachystegia boehmii Taub. and B. Spiciformis Benth. For Wood Energy Production in Tabora, Tanzania

2025-06-23

Fbs Makonda , Mbonea Joshua Mweta | East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry

This study investigated the calorific values of five tree species, three of which are exotic and grown in agroforestry systems and the other two are naturally growing and indigenous in … This study investigated the calorific values of five tree species, three of which are exotic and grown in agroforestry systems and the other two are naturally growing and indigenous in Tabora, Tanzania. Whereas the exotics are Acacia crassicarpa, Acacia leptocarpa and Acacia julifera, the indigenous species are Brachystegia boehmii and Brachystegia spiciformis. Wood fuel, primarily in the form of charcoal and firewood, is a critical energy source in developing countries, particularly for heating and tobacco curing. Understanding the calorific values of these species is essential for optimizing their use as sustainable bioenergy sources, especially in regions where biomass remains a dominant energy resource. The study was conducted at the Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI) Tumbi Centre, utilizing wood samples collected from trees at various heights and positions within the stem. Calorific values were determined using a bomb calorimeter and statistical analyses, including ANOVA and regression, were employed to compare species and assess correlations between sample positions and energy content. Results revealed that the mean calorific values of the exotic Acacia species (Acacia crassicarpa: 17.11 kJ/g, Acacia leptocarpa: 16.67 kJ/g, and Acacia julifera: 17.45 kJ/g) were not significantly different from each other but showed significant differences compared to the indigenous Brachystegia spiciformis (20.18 kJ/g). Brachystegia boehmii exhibited a calorific value of 16.66 kJ/g, similar to the Acacia species. Notably, Acacia julifera demonstrated favourable calorific properties, making it a promising tree species for further cultivation in agroforestry systems aimed at sustainable energy production. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the thermal properties of agroforestry tree species, providing critical data for sustainable forestry management and energy planning. The findings underscore the importance of integrating both exotic and indigenous species into agroforestry systems to enhance energy security, support local economies, and promote environmental conservation. Recommendations are made for the adoption of Acacia julifera in community woodlots and plantations, alongside continued research into the thermal properties of other species to inform sustainable resource management practices in Tanzania and similar regions.

Optimizing Collection and Pretreatment Methods for Cost-Effective and Low-CO2 Emission Biomass Supply Chains

2025-06-20

Changliu He , Xi Zhao , Lei Zheng +3 more | BioEnergy Research

Workload in wood harvesting and among transportation professionals — A study based on survey research in Finland

2025-06-20

Marja Kallioniemi , Hanna‐Riitta Kymäläinen , Janne Kaseva +1 more | Forest Policy and Economics

Metsän ahkerat työmuurahaiset

2025-06-19

Henri Pettersson , Alina Kuusisto | Kasvatus & Aika

Pääkirjoitus numeroon 2/2025. Pääkirjoitus numeroon 2/2025.

Assessing the Impact of Forest Machinery Passage on Soil CO2 Concentration

2025-06-19

Daniel Tomčík , Ján Merganič , Vladimír Juško +6 more | Forests

Forestry machinery plays a key role in forest management, but its increasing weight significantly impacts soil condition. Machinery passage causes soil compaction, which alters the physical, chemical, and biological properties … Forestry machinery plays a key role in forest management, but its increasing weight significantly impacts soil condition. Machinery passage causes soil compaction, which alters the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil and affects CO2 concentration. This study aimed to measure the impact of soil compaction on the evolution of CO2 concentrations over three years. Research was conducted near Zvolen, Slovakia, where soil was compacted in 2020 by a forestry skidder. The intensity of compaction was evaluated using a digital penetrometer. CO2 concentrations were measured with a Vaisala MI70 device, with 22 measurements taken post-compaction at an average interval of 52 days. Soil compaction was characterized by a derived penetration index. At a depth of 10 cm, the average penetration index was 119%, indicating a 19% increase in resistance. The highest index, 134%, was found at a depth of 3 cm. A correlation of 0.4 was found between the number of passes and CO2 concentration at 30 cm depth, and 0.8 between penetration index and CO2 concentration. Results showed a significant impact of forestry machinery on soil CO2 concentration, even three years later. Therefore, operating practices should minimize machinery impact on forest soils.

Techno-economic feasibility assessment of distributed and decentralised biomass supply chain network for green hydrogen production – A case study from India

2025-06-18

Gautham Srinivas Ganesh , P. Balachandra , S. Dasappa | Biomass and Bioenergy

Weighing Trade-Offs: Economic and Environmental Impacts of Increasing Log Truck Weight Limits in Texas

2025-06-18

Xufang Zhang , Pooja Chhetri , Aaron D. Stottlemyer +2 more | Forests

Texas has abundant forest resources, and the forest sector contributes tremendously to the state economy. However, Texas has the lowest log truck weight limits among the neighboring states, which puts … Texas has abundant forest resources, and the forest sector contributes tremendously to the state economy. However, Texas has the lowest log truck weight limits among the neighboring states, which puts the state at a competitive disadvantage in the forest industry. This study examined the economic and environmental impacts of increasing log truck weight limits from 84,000 to 92,000 pounds across these supply chain sectors: forestry, logging, sawmills, and truck transportation. Economic estimation was conducted using IMPLAN with 2023 data, while the environmental impacts were assessed through a survey. Two scenarios, representing 12 and 13 percent efficiency improvements from the increased log truck weight limits, were analyzed using standard truck tare weights. The 12 percent efficiency improvement generated a total of 864 jobs, USD 56.31 million in labor income, USD 90.90 million in value added, and USD 189.91 million in industry output. While the 13 percent efficiency improvement generated a total of 936 jobs, USD 61.01 million in labor income, USD 98.52 million in value added, and USD 205.73 million in industry output. Additionally, the 12 percent and 13 percent efficiency improvements reduced annual fuel consumption by 4.69 million and 5.53 million liters and lowered carbon dioxide emissions by 12.61 thousand and 14.89 thousand tonnes, respectively. These results offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to improve efficiency and profitability in the timber industry.

Business Models of Seasonal Logistics Services in The U.S. Agricultural Sector

2025-06-18

Vitalii Kostrub | The American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations

This article conducts a systematic analysis of business models for seasonal logistics services within the United States’ agri-industrial sector. Its relevance is underscored by significant crop losses due to delays … This article conducts a systematic analysis of business models for seasonal logistics services within the United States’ agri-industrial sector. Its relevance is underscored by significant crop losses due to delays in transportation and growing demand for flexible delivery solutions for fresh produce and agricultural inputs. The study’s novelty lies in comparing two organizational paradigms: specialized agro-logistics operators versus general carriers that retool their fleets seasonally to handle perishable goods. We describe the scale of seasonal movements, rate dynamics, workforce and equipment constraints, and we analyze inter-state resource migration practices enabled by digital freight platforms. Our objectives include assessing these models’ resilience, estimating their financial potential, and offering market participants actionable recommendations. Employing comparative analysis, econometric and statistical modeling, custom-harvester case studies, and content analysis of nine key sources (FAO, USDA, ATS, OTR Solutions, Corrigan Logistics, USCHI, among others), we pay special attention to how government policy affects staffing and storage infrastructure development. Findings confirm the effectiveness of hybrid contracting schemes and demonstrate that digitalization enhances trans-regional fleet mobility, reducing off-season idle time. Optimizing empty-run rates cuts CO₂ emissions and fuel consumption—boosting supply-chain sustainability. Future research should evaluate how climate change will shift harvest calendars and require new routing strategies. We also present an empirical ranking of states by seasonal peak intensity, guiding strategic investments in rolling stock and warehouse capacity.

Simulation Studies of Biomass Transport in a Power Plant with Regard to Environmental Constraints

2025-06-18

Andrzej Jastrząb , Witold Kawalec , Zbigniew Krysa +1 more | Energies

The “carbon neutral power generation” policy of the European Union requires the phasing out of fossil fuel power plants. These plants still play a crucial role in the energy mix … The “carbon neutral power generation” policy of the European Union requires the phasing out of fossil fuel power plants. These plants still play a crucial role in the energy mix in many countries; therefore, efforts are put forward to lower their CO2 emissions. The available solution for an existing coal plant is the implementation of biomass co-firing, which allows it to reduce twice its carbon footprint in order to achieve the level of natural gas plants, which are preferable on the way to zero-emission power generation. However the side effect is a significant increase in the bulk fuel volumes that are acquired, handled, and finally supplied to the power plant units. A necessary extension of the complex logistic system for unloading, quality tagging, storing, and transporting biomass may increase the plant’s noise emissions beyond the allowed thresholds. For a comprehensive assessment of the concept of expanding the power plant’s biofuel supply system (BSS), a discrete simulation model was built to dimension system elements and verify the overall correctness of the proposed solutions. Then, a dedicated noise emission model was built for the purposes of mandatory environmental impact assessment procedures for the planned expansion of the BSS. The noise model showed the possibility of exceeding the permissible noise levels at night in selected locations. The new simulations of the BSS model were used to analyze various scenarios of biomass supply with regard to alternative switching off the selected branches of the whole BSS. The length of the queue of unloaded freight trains delivering an average quality biomass after a period of 2 weeks is used as a key performance parameter of the BSS. A queue shorter than 1 freight train is accepted. Assuming the rising share of RESS in the Polish energy mix, the thermal plant’s 2-week average power output shall not exceed 70% of its maximum capacity. The results of the simulations indicate that under these constraints, the biofuel supplies can be sufficient regardless of the nighttime stops, if 50% of the supplied biomass volumes are delivered by trucks. If the trucks’ share drops to 25%, the plant’s 2-week average power output is limited to 45% of its maximum power. The use of digital spatial simulation models for a complex, cyclical-continuous transport system to control its operation is an effective method of addressing environmental conflicts at the design stage of the extension of industrial installations in urbanized areas.

Short Rotation Forestry Expansion Drives Carbon Sequestration in Biomass but Not in Soil

2025-06-17

Getachew Gemtesa Tiruneh , Asmamaw Alemu , Jennie Barron +2 more | GCB Bioenergy

ABSTRACT A significant land use change from cropland to short rotation forestry (SRF) has taken place in the northwestern (NW) Ethiopian highlands where a fast‐growing tree species, Acacia mearnsii , … ABSTRACT A significant land use change from cropland to short rotation forestry (SRF) has taken place in the northwestern (NW) Ethiopian highlands where a fast‐growing tree species, Acacia mearnsii , is cultivated to produce charcoal for urban markets. We investigated the extent of this land use change, its impact on the landscape carbon (C) budget, and its implications for climate change mitigation by combining field studies with remote sensing. We analyzed land use and land cover changes between 2005 and 2022 using Google Earth Pro imagery and validated the result with ground truthing through field observations. We estimated C stocks using soil and biomass samples collected from A. mearnsii plantation fields managed by smallholder farmers across three rotations and stand ages, as well as from cropland and other major land use types. Between 2005 and 2022, 60% of the cropland in the studied district was converted to A. mearnsii plantations. Our analysis showed that A. mearnsii cultivation had the highest spatial cover in 2017. However, a disease outbreak in 2020 resulted in a 40% reduction in cultivated area by 2022 compared to 2017 levels. The expansion of A. mearnsii cultivation increased total landscape C stocks by 21%, equivalent to a net sequestration of 0.3 Mt CO 2 year −1 in the study district. This corresponded to 2.3% of Ethiopia's total annual fossil fuel emissions in 2021. The observed gain was due to C accumulation in standing biomass. In contrast, soil C stock showed a declining trend with successive rotations, though this change was not statistically significant. The main contribution of A. mearnsii based SRF in NW Ethiopia to the C budget is its potential to reduce dependence on natural forest for charcoal and firewood production.

Restoration of Off-Road Vehicle (ORV) Trails in a Hyper-Arid Area for Nature and Landscape Conservation

2025-06-16

Pua Bar , Eran Doron , Michael Dorman | Applied Sciences

In recent decades, the use of off-road vehicles (ORVs) for challenging outdoor trips has increased significantly worldwide, impacting soil, vegetation, and wildlife. This study was conducted in Sde Zin, Israel, … In recent decades, the use of off-road vehicles (ORVs) for challenging outdoor trips has increased significantly worldwide, impacting soil, vegetation, and wildlife. This study was conducted in Sde Zin, Israel, a hyper-arid desert zone. The area has a high concentration of trails created unintentionally over the years by ORVs. The study sought to examine whether the degraded trails will be restored naturally or if there is a need for active intervention. Five ORV trails were selected, with a plot of 40 × 15 m in each trail, comprising three subplot treatments: one session of disk tillage, no tillage, and an adjacent control subplot. Soil and vegetation parameters were measured for two consecutive years. The results indicated that the measured soil parameters did not differ between treatments except for the degree of soil compaction, which was a significant factor in plant survival and restoration. The highest H′ Shannon diversity was found in the disk-tillage treatment, where the plant assemblage differed from that of the non-tillage and control subplots. The conclusion derived from this study is that active management to prevent soil compaction is needed in severely degraded desert areas to stimulate soil and vegetation restoration processes.

Optimizing sustainable aviation fuel supply chains: challenges, mitigation strategies and modeling advances

2025-06-14

Y.Y. Liang , M. Shahabuddin , Shams Forruque Ahmed +2 more | Fuel

Implementation of Modular Depot Concept for Switchgrass Pellet Production in the Piedmont

2025-06-12

Jonathan P. Resop , John S. Cundiff , S. Sokhansanj | AgriEngineering

In the bioenergy industry, highway hauling cost is typically 30%, or more, of the average cost of feedstock delivered to a biorefinery. Thus, truck productivity, in terms of Mg/d/truck, is … In the bioenergy industry, highway hauling cost is typically 30%, or more, of the average cost of feedstock delivered to a biorefinery. Thus, truck productivity, in terms of Mg/d/truck, is a key issue in the design of a logistics system. One possible solution to this problem that is being explored is the utilization of modular pellet depots. In such a logistics system, raw biomass (i.e., low-bulk-density product) is converted into pellets (i.e., high-bulk-density product) by several smaller-scale modular pellet depots instead of by a single larger-capacity pellet depot. A truckload of raw biomass (e.g., round bales) is 16 Mg and a load of pellets is 34 Mg. The distribution of depots across a feedstock production area can potentially have an impact on the total truck operating hours (i.e., raw biomass hauling to a depot + pellet hauling from the depot to the biorefinery) required to deliver feedstock for annual operation of a biorefinery. This study examined three different distributions of depots across five feedstock production areas. The numbers of depots were one, two, and four per production area for totals of five, ten, and twenty depots. Increasing the number of depots from five to ten reduced raw biomass hauling hours by 12%, and increasing from five to twenty reduced these hours by 30%. Total hauling hours (raw biomass + pellets) were reduced by less than 1% with an increase from five to ten and by about 11% with an increase from five to twenty. The modular pellet depot concept demonstrated potential for providing improvements to biorefinery logistics systems, but more research is needed to optimize this balance.

Complexity Reduction Methods for Large-Scale Spatially Explicit Biofuels Network Design

2025-06-12

P. Tran , Eric O’Neill , Christos T. Maravelias | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Veneer Production from Falcata (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J. W. Grimes) in the Caraga Region, Philippines

2025-06-11

Diomedes Racelis , Dalisay Espiritu-Cabral , Vanessa Palma-Torres +3 more | Journal of Environmental Science and Management

The different processes involved in producing wood products are both sources and sinks of carbon, with CO2e emitted from each operation. Greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory allows the measurement of net … The different processes involved in producing wood products are both sources and sinks of carbon, with CO2e emitted from each operation. Greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory allows the measurement of net GHG emissions produced along each step of the process. This study was done to determine the GHG emissions resulting from falcata veneer production, specifically the processes from harvesting to veneer processing (drying). Falcata is a fast-growing commercial timber of high significance in the Caraga region in the Philippines. Updated emission factors were used to calculate the CO2 e units. Major log transport contributed 49% of total emissions, resulting mainly from the use of trucks that is more than ten years old. The harvesting operation accounted for 21% of emissions while minor log transport involving carabaos, habal-habal (modified motorcycle) and small trucks (in various combinations) contributed to 18%. Veneer processing accounted for 12% of emissions because respondents used mostly air drying, hence, consumed less energy. Locating veneer mills close to existing plantations may reduce the GHG emissions significantly. Thus, the study sought to calculate the respective GHG emissions from harvesting, transport and veneer processing activities and determine the net GHG fluxes to and from the activities. These were accomplished through analysis of primary data gathered through direct observation and key informant interviews (KII). To describe the wood industry in the country in the context of climate mitigation, carbon stocks and emission rate from the wood production process using other tree species need to be quantified.

Incêndios florestais: uma revisão sobre sistemas tecnológicos aplicados ao ciclo do desastre

2025-06-11

Waleria Menezes Barros , Alisson André Ribeiro , Antônio Conceição Paranhos Filho | Caderno Pedagógico

Incêndios florestais, enquanto eventos extremos, são os de maior dano, por conta de sua incrível e destrutiva capacidade de propagação, juntamente com a percepção arraigada de impossibilidade de controle ou … Incêndios florestais, enquanto eventos extremos, são os de maior dano, por conta de sua incrível e destrutiva capacidade de propagação, juntamente com a percepção arraigada de impossibilidade de controle ou de previsão. Esta revisão aborda diversos estudos realizados globalmente, que tem por objeto a pesquisa de incêndios, direcionados às formas de mensuração, mapeamento, monitoramento, previsão e prevenção. Duas abordagens se destacam nos estudos analisados: a primeira tange a uma abordagem direcionada a apresentar tecnologias, metodologias ou procedimentos, que se focam ou no monitoramento preventivo dos eventos de incêndios ou em mensurar as áreas afetadas por ocorrências passadas destes eventos. Em ambos os casos o objetivo culmina no mesmo ponto: encontrar uma forma de mitigar o impacto desses eventos. A segunda linha foca na relevância de sistemas simultâneos atuando integrados ou redundância de monitoramento. As abordagens analisadas permitem a percepção de que não é possível a completa eficácia em todos os elos da cadeia de desastre (prevenção, preparação, resposta e reconstrução) sem que se utilize de mecanismos em diversos âmbitos, que cubram todas as etapas de um incêndio, desde sua possibilidade, passando pela vulnerabilidade e risco iminente, culminando em uma possível ocorrência e, finalmente, procedendo ao retorno ao início do ciclo.

Energy-Aware Dual-Channel agricultural supply chain network design under uncertainty

2025-06-06

Amin Hosseini , Alireza Goli | Computers & Industrial Engineering

A mathematical model for strategic management of the forest supply chain considering its products and energy generation

2025-06-03

Samuel Pérez Rodríguez , Diego Broz , Rodolfo Dondo +1 more | Forest Policy and Economics

A systematic literature review of the logistics planning for sustainable bioenergy based on Forestry, Agricultural, and municipal solid waste value chains

2025-06-01

Sima Ebrahimi , Mikael Rönnqvist , Mustapha Ouhimmou +1 more | Energy Conversion and Management X

Building Fire-Resilient Forests: Robotic Innovations for Wildfire Risk Mitigation [Industry Activities]

2025-06-01

Micael S. Couceiro , Paulo Peixoto , A. Paulo Coimbra +1 more | IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine

Long-term impacts of tree monoculture plantations on biodiversity are mediated by soil acidification

2025-05-31

Simone Balestra , Vanessa Manuzi , Erica Ceresa +5 more | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Reforestation efforts have sought to counteract deforestation and to provide a nature-based solution against climate change. However, they often involve monoculture plantations of non-native species, which may have unintended ecological … Reforestation efforts have sought to counteract deforestation and to provide a nature-based solution against climate change. However, they often involve monoculture plantations of non-native species, which may have unintended ecological consequences. Yet, the long-term impacts of planting trees have been poorly monitored. Leveraging historical reforestation conducted in northern Italy during the 1920s by the fascist regime, we monitor the long-term impacts of red spruce ( Picea abies ) monoculture plantations on biodiversity of plants and soil fauna. We found that plant diversity in tree plantations was 50.3% lower than in native forests and 74.5% lower than in grasslands. Additionally, functional evenness was reduced by 30% in spruce plantations, suggesting lower ecological stability. In tree plantations, soil pH was significantly more acid and organic carbon content was 25% higher due to litter deposition and slower decomposition rates. Soil fauna diversity was marginally less affected, suggesting a faster recover over the last one-hundred years of arthropods as compared to plants. These findings highlight the need for monitoring reforestation interventions, suggesting strategies that incorporate diverse tree species rather than planting tree monocultures to support functionally and resilient ecosystems.

Changes in the concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> in forest soils resulting from the traffic of logging machines

2025-05-30

Luboš Staněk , Jindřich Neruda , Radomír Ulrich | Journal of Forest Science