Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science

Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions

Works Count: 29459

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Description

This cluster of papers explores the role of allelopathy, focusing on the interactions between plants mediated by allelochemicals, root exudates, and natural products. It covers topics such as weed control, ecological impacts of invasive plants, herbicidal potential of natural compounds, and the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying allelopathic interactions.

Keywords

Allelochemicals; Root Exudates; Natural Products; Weed Control; Rhizosphere; Invasive Plants; Herbicides; Phytotoxicity; Crop Protection; Ecological Interactions

Fate of polynuclear aromatic compounds (PNAs) in soil-plant systems

1983-01-01

Ronald C. Sims , Michael Overcash

Phytohormones and related compounds : a comprehensive treatise

1978-01-01

D. S. Letham , Peter B. Goodwin , Thomas J. Higgins

Changes in the Levels of Plant Secondary Metabolites Under Water and Nutrient Stress

1984-01-01

Jonathan Gershenzon

Higher plant terpenoids: A phytocentric overview of their ecological roles

1994-06-01

Jean H. Langenheim

Allelochemicals as leads for new herbicides and agrochemicals

2002-02-01

James R. Vyvyan

Plant phenolics in allelopathy

1996-04-01

Inderjit Inderjit

Current Challenges and Trends in the Discovery of Agrochemicals

2013-08-15

Clemens Lamberth , Stéphane Jeanmart , Torsten Luksch +1 more

Crop protection chemistry has come a long way from its "alchemic" beginnings in the late 19th century to a high-tech science that supports the sustainable production of food, feed, and … Crop protection chemistry has come a long way from its "alchemic" beginnings in the late 19th century to a high-tech science that supports the sustainable production of food, feed, and fiber for a rapidly growing population. Cutting-edge developments in the design and synthesis of agrochemicals help to tackle today's challenges of weed and pest resistance, higher regulatory safety margins, and higher cost of goods with the invention of selective, environmentally benign, low use rate, and cost-effective active ingredients.

Significance of flavonoids in plant resistance: a review

2006-07-07

D. Treutter

Allelopathy—a natural alternative for weed control

2007-03-09

Francisco A. Macı́as , José M. G. Molinillo , Rosa M. Varela +1 more

Abstract Allelopathy studies the interactions among plants, fungi, algae and bacteria with the organisms living in a certain ecosystem, interactions that are mediated by the secondary metabolites produced and exuded … Abstract Allelopathy studies the interactions among plants, fungi, algae and bacteria with the organisms living in a certain ecosystem, interactions that are mediated by the secondary metabolites produced and exuded into the environment. Consequently, allelopathy is a multidisciplinary science where ecologists, chemists, soil scientists, agronomists, biologists, plant physiologists and molecular biologists offer their skills to give an overall view of the complex interactions occurring in a certain ecosystem. As a result of these studies, applications in weed and pest management are expected in such different fields as development of new agrochemicals, cultural methods, developing of allelopathic crops with increased weed resistance, etc. The present paper will focus on the chemical aspects of allelopathy, pointing out the most recent advances in the chemicals disclosed, their mode of action and their fate in the ecosystem. Also, attention will be paid to achievements in genomics and proteomics, two emerging fields in allelopathy. Rather than being exhaustive, this paper is intended to reflect a critical vision of the current state of allelopathy and to point to future lines of research where in the authors' opinion the main advances and applications could and should be expected. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry

Integrated Responses of Plants to Stress

1991-01-01

F. Stuart Chapin

Journal Article Integrated Responses of Plants to Stress: A centralized system of physiological responses Get access F. Stuart Chapin, III F. Stuart Chapin, III Search for other works by this … Journal Article Integrated Responses of Plants to Stress: A centralized system of physiological responses Get access F. Stuart Chapin, III F. Stuart Chapin, III Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 41, Issue 1, January 1991, Pages 29–36, https://doi.org/10.2307/1311538 Published: 01 January 1991

Plant root exudates

1969-01-01

Albert Rovira

Hydroxamic acids (4-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones), defence chemicals in the gramineae

1988-01-01

Hermann M. Niemeyer

Identification and synthesis of new ferulic acid dehydrodimers present in grass cell walls

1994-01-01

John Ralph , St�phane Quideau , John H. Grabber +1 more

Seven isomeric dehydrodimers of ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid) have been synthesized and identified in extracts of saponified cell walls of cocksfoot, switchgrass, and suspension-cultured corn. Dehydrodimers (E,E)-4,4′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethoxy-3,3′-bicinnamic acid, trans-5-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylic acid, … Seven isomeric dehydrodimers of ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid) have been synthesized and identified in extracts of saponified cell walls of cocksfoot, switchgrass, and suspension-cultured corn. Dehydrodimers (E,E)-4,4′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethoxy-3,3′-bicinnamic acid, trans-5-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylic acid, (Z)-β-{4-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy}-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, (E)-3-{4-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy}-4-hydroxy-5-methoxycinnamic acid, (E,E)-4,4′-dihydroxy-3,5′-dimethoxy-β,3′-bicinnamic acid, 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-β,β′-bicinnamic acid, and trans-7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, all arise from oxidative coupling of ferulate esters in cell walls and represent products of 8–5, 8–8, 8–O–4, 4–O–5, and 5–5 radical coupling. Prior literature has acknowledged only the presence of the 5–5-coupled dehydrodimer (E,E)-4,4′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethoxy-3,3′-bicinnamic acid. Consequently, by measuring only a single dehydrodimer and assuming inappropriate response factors, ferulate dehydrodimers have been underestimated by factors of up to 20. Synthetic routes to all seven isomers have been developed to provide structural authentication and determination of GC response factors.

Allelopathic Interactions and Allelochemicals: New Possibilities for Sustainable Weed Management

2003-05-01

Harminder Pal Singh , Daizy R. Batish , Ravinder Kumar Kohli

Weeds are known to cause enormous losses due to their interference in agroecosystems. Because of environmental and human health concerns, worldwide efforts are being made to reduce the heavy reliance … Weeds are known to cause enormous losses due to their interference in agroecosystems. Because of environmental and human health concerns, worldwide efforts are being made to reduce the heavy reliance on synthetic herbicides that are used to control weeds. In this regard the phenomenon of allelopathy, which is expressed through the release of chemicals by a plant, has been suggested to be one of the possible alternatives for achieving sustainable weed management. The use of allelopathy for controlling weeds could be either through directly utilizing natural allelopathic interactions, particularly of crop plants, or by using allelochemicals as natural herbicides. In the former case, a number of crop plants with allelopathic potential can be used as cover, smother, and green manure crops for managing weeds by making desired manipulations in the cultural practices and cropping patterns. These can be suitably rotated or intercropped with main crops to manage the target weeds (including parasitic ones) selectively. Even the crop mulch/residues can also give desirable benefits. Not only the terrestrial weeds, even allelopathy can be suitably manipulated for the management of aquatic weeds. The allelochemicals present in the higher plants as well as in the microbes can be directly used for weed management on the pattern of herbicides. Their bioefficacy can be enhanced by structural changes or the synthesis of chemical analogues based on them. Further, in order to enhance the potential of allelopathic crops, several improvements can be made with the use of biotechnology or genomics and proteomics. In this context either the production of allelochemicals can be enhanced or the transgenics with foreign genes encoding for a particular weed-suppressing allelochemical could be produced. In the former, both conventional breeding and molecular genetical techniques are useful. However, with conventional breeding being slow and difficult, more emphasis is laid on the use of modern techniques such as molecular markers and the selection aided by them. Although the progress in this regard is slow, nevertheless some promising results are coming and more are expected in future. This review attempts to discuss all these aspects of allelopathy for the sustainable management of weeds. Referee: Dr. Amrjits S. Basra, Central Plains Crop Technology, 5912 North Meridian Avenue, Wichita, KS 67204

Weed and Crop Allelopathy

2003-05-01

Leslie A. Weston , Stephen O. Duke

Allelopathy can be defined as an important mechanism of plant interference mediated by the addition of plant-produced secondary products to the soil rhizosphere. Allelochemicals are present in all types of … Allelopathy can be defined as an important mechanism of plant interference mediated by the addition of plant-produced secondary products to the soil rhizosphere. Allelochemicals are present in all types of plants and tissues and are released into the soil rhizosphere by a variety of mechanisms, including decomposition of residues, volatilization, and root exudation. Allelochemical structures and modes of action are diverse and may offer potential for the development of future herbicides. We have focused our review on a variety of weed and crop species that establish some form of potent allelopathic interference, either with other crops or weeds, in agricultural settings, in the managed landscape, or in naturalized settings. Recent research suggests that allelopathic properties can render one species more invasive to native species and thus potentially detrimental to both agricultural and naturalized settings. In contrast, allelopathic crops offer strong potential for the development of cultivars that are more highly weed suppressive in managed settings. Both environmental and genotypic effects impact allelochemical production and release over time. A new challenge that exists for future plant scientists is to generate additional information on allelochemical mechanisms of release, selectivity and persistence, mode of action, and genetic regulation. In this manner, we can further protect plant biodiversity and enhance weed management strategies in a variety of ecosystems. Referee: Dr. Steve Weller, Purdue University, Dept. of Horticulture, West Lafayette, IN 47907

Biotic and heavy metal stress response in plants: evidence for common signals

2004-04-22

Axel Mithöfer , B. Schulze , Wilhelm Boland

In higher plants, biotic stress (e.g., herbivore or pathogen attack) as well as abiotic stress (in particular heavy metals) often induce the synthesis and accumulation of the same defense‐related secondary … In higher plants, biotic stress (e.g., herbivore or pathogen attack) as well as abiotic stress (in particular heavy metals) often induce the synthesis and accumulation of the same defense‐related secondary metabolites. This well‐known finding still awaits an explanation regarding the common features of both stress types. In this study, a mechanism is proposed that links reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation with lipid oxidation processes, ultimately resulting in the formation of similar, highly active signalling compounds. The generation of ROS is a common event in both heavy metal treatment and biotic stress although it can depend on quite different, enzymatic and non‐enzymatic reactions. Regardless, ROS are involved in the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids which initiate the formation of oxylipins, a highly variable class of lipid‐derived compounds in plants. Oxylipins represent new endogenous signals involved in biotic‐ and abiotic‐induced stress responses.

Biochemical and physiological mechanisms mediated by allelochemicals

2004-06-08

Tiffany L. Weir , Sang‐Wook Park , Jorge M. Vivanco

Allelopathy and Exotic Plant Invasion: From Molecules and Genes to Species Interactions

2003-09-04

Harsh P. Bais , Ramarao Vepachedu , Simon Gilroy +2 more

Here we present evidence that Centaurea maculosa (spotted knapweed), an invasive species in the western United States, displaces native plant species by exuding the phytotoxin (-)-catechin from its roots. Our … Here we present evidence that Centaurea maculosa (spotted knapweed), an invasive species in the western United States, displaces native plant species by exuding the phytotoxin (-)-catechin from its roots. Our results show inhibition of native species' growth and germination in field soils at natural concentrations of (-)-catechin. In susceptible species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, the allelochemical triggers a wave of reactive oxygen species (ROS) initiated at the root meristem, which leads to a Ca2+ signaling cascade triggering genome-wide changes in gene expression and, ultimately, death of the root system. Our results support a "novel weapons hypothesis" for invasive success.

Allelopathy—An update

1979-01-01

Elroy L. Rice

Pathway of p-Coumaric Acid Incorporation into Maize Lignin As Revealed by NMR

1994-10-01

John Ralph , Ronald D. Hatfield , Stéphane Quideau +3 more

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPathway of p-Coumaric Acid Incorporation into Maize Lignin As Revealed by NMRJohn Ralph, Ronald D. Hatfield, Stephane Quideau, Richard F. Helm, John H. Grabber, and Hans-Joachim G. … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPathway of p-Coumaric Acid Incorporation into Maize Lignin As Revealed by NMRJohn Ralph, Ronald D. Hatfield, Stephane Quideau, Richard F. Helm, John H. Grabber, and Hans-Joachim G. JungCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 21, 9448–9456Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00100a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00100a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2267Altmetric-Citations351LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Natural products in crop protection

2009-01-28

Franck E. Dayan , Charles L. Cantrell , Stephen O. Duke

The role of allelopathy in agricultural pest management

2011-01-19

Muhammad Farooq , Khawar Jabran , Zahid Ata Cheema +2 more

Abstract Allelopathy is a naturally occurring ecological phenomenon of interference among organisms that may be employed for managing weeds, insect pests and diseases in field crops. In field crops, allelopathy … Abstract Allelopathy is a naturally occurring ecological phenomenon of interference among organisms that may be employed for managing weeds, insect pests and diseases in field crops. In field crops, allelopathy can be used following rotation, using cover crops, mulching and plant extracts for natural pest management. Application of allelopathic plant extracts can effectively control weeds and insect pests. However, mixtures of allelopathic water extracts are more effective than the application of single‐plant extract in this regard. Combined application of allelopathic extract and reduced herbicide dose (up to half the standard dose) give as much weed control as the standard herbicide dose in several field crops. Lower doses of herbicides may help to reduce the development of herbicide resistance in weed ecotypes. Allelopathy thus offers an attractive environmentally friendly alternative to pesticides in agricultural pest management. In this review, application of allelopathy for natural pest management, particularly in small‐farm intensive agricultural systems, is discussed. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

The relative importance of allelopathy in interference: the effects of an invasive weed on a native bunchgrass

2001-02-01

Wendy M. Ridenour , Ragan M. Callaway

Benzoxazinoids in Root Exudates of Maize Attract Pseudomonas putida to the Rhizosphere

2012-04-24

Andrew L. Neal , Shakoor Ahmad , R. Gordon‐Weeks +1 more

Benzoxazinoids, such as 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), are secondary metabolites in grasses. In addition to their function in plant defence against pests and diseases above-ground, benzoxazinoids (BXs) have also been implicated in … Benzoxazinoids, such as 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), are secondary metabolites in grasses. In addition to their function in plant defence against pests and diseases above-ground, benzoxazinoids (BXs) have also been implicated in defence below-ground, where they can exert allelochemical or antimicrobial activities. We have studied the impact of BXs on the interaction between maize and Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a competitive coloniser of the maize rhizosphere with plant-beneficial traits. Chromatographic analyses revealed that DIMBOA is the main BX compound in root exudates of maize. In vitro analysis of DIMBOA stability indicated that KT2440 tolerance of DIMBOA is based on metabolism-dependent breakdown of this BX compound. Transcriptome analysis of DIMBOA-exposed P. putida identified increased transcription of genes controlling benzoate catabolism and chemotaxis. Chemotaxis assays confirmed motility of P. putida towards DIMBOA. Moreover, colonisation essays in soil with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-expressing P. putida showed that DIMBOA-producing roots of wild-type maize attract significantly higher numbers of P. putida cells than roots of the DIMBOA-deficient bx1 mutant. Our results demonstrate a central role for DIMBOA as a below-ground semiochemical for recruitment of plant-beneficial rhizobacteria during the relatively young and vulnerable growth stages of maize.

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Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion

2003-09-01

José L. Hierro , Ragan M. Callaway

The Annual Dormancy Cycle in Buried Weed Seeds: A Continuum

1985-09-01

Jerry M. Baskin , Carol C. Baskin

Weed seeds in the soil go through annual dormancy-nondormancy cycles, exhibiting a continuum of changes in physiological responses. These gradual transitions may be related to changes in membrane properties. Seeds … Weed seeds in the soil go through annual dormancy-nondormancy cycles, exhibiting a continuum of changes in physiological responses. These gradual transitions may be related to changes in membrane properties. Seeds of winter and summer annuals respond in opposite ways to seasonal temperature changes; in both groups the responses are important life cycle adaptations to the habitat.

Allelopathy for weed control in agricultural systems

2015-03-13

Khawar Jabran , Gulshan Mahajan , Virender Sardana +1 more

Utilization of Allelopathy for Weed Management in Agroecosystems

1996-11-01

Leslie A. Weston

Abstract Biorational alternatives are gaining increased attention for weed control because of concerns related to pesticide usage and dwindling numbers of labeled products, particularly for minor‐use crops. Allelopathy offers potential … Abstract Biorational alternatives are gaining increased attention for weed control because of concerns related to pesticide usage and dwindling numbers of labeled products, particularly for minor‐use crops. Allelopathy offers potential for biorational weed control through the production and release of allelochemics from leaves, flowers, seeds, stems, and roots of living or decomposing plant materials. Under appropriate conditions, allelochemics may be released in quantities suppressive to developing weed seedlings. Allelochemics often exhibit selectivity, similar to synthetic herbicides. Two main approaches have been investigated for allelopathic weed suppression. One is use of living rotational crops or mulches that interfere with the growth of surrounding weeds [e.g., tall red fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; creeping red fescue, F. rubra L. subsp. commutata ; asparagus, Asparagus officinalis L. var. altilis ); sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.; black mustard, Brassica nigra (L.) Koch; and oat, Avena sativa L.]. Attempts to select germplasm with enhanced suppressive ability have been limited. The second is use of cover crop residues or living mulches to suppress weed growth for variable lengths of time (e.g., winter rye, Secale cereale L.; winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; and sorghum). Cover crop residues may selectively provide weed suppression through their physical presence on the soil surface and by release of allelochemics or microbially altered allelochemics. The ability to understand the physiological basis for allelopathy in a crop plant may allow the weed scientist or ecologist to work closely with molecular biologists or traditional plant breeders to selectively enhance the traits responsible for weed suppression.

Ecophysiological aspects of allelopathy

2003-08-01

Not Available Not Available , Stephen O. Duke

Allelochemics: Chemical Interactions between Species

1971-02-26

R. H. Whittaker , Paul Feeny

Methyl jasmonate inhibition of root growth and induction of a leaf protein are decreased in an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant.

1992-08-01

Paul Staswick , W. Su , Stephen H. Howell

Jasmonic acid and its methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), are plant signaling molecules that affect plant growth and gene expression. Primary root growth of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings was inhibited … Jasmonic acid and its methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), are plant signaling molecules that affect plant growth and gene expression. Primary root growth of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings was inhibited 50% when seedlings were grown on agar medium containing 0.1 M MeJA. An ethyl methanesulfonate mutant (jar1) with decreased sensitivity to MeJA inhibition of root elongation was isolated and characterized. Genetic data indicated the trait was recessive and controlled by a single Mendelian factor. MeJA-induced polypeptides were detected in Arabidopsis leaves by antiserum to a MeJA-inducible vegetative storage protein from soybean. The induction of these proteins by MeJA in the mutant was at least 4-fold less in jar1 compared to wild type. In contrast, seeds of jar1 plants were more sensitive than wild type to inhibition of germination by abscisic acid. These results suggest that the defect in jar1 affects a general jasmonate response pathway, which may regulate multiple genes in different plant organs.

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Phenolics and Plant Allelopathy

2010-12-07

Zhaohui Li , Qiang Wang , Xiao Ruan +2 more

Phenolic compounds arise from the shikimic and acetic acid (polyketide) metabolic pathways in plants. They are but one category of the many secondary metabolites implicated in plant allelopathy. Phenolic allelochemicals … Phenolic compounds arise from the shikimic and acetic acid (polyketide) metabolic pathways in plants. They are but one category of the many secondary metabolites implicated in plant allelopathy. Phenolic allelochemicals have been observed in both natural and managed ecosystems, where they cause a number of ecological and economic problems, such as declines in crop yield due to soil sickness, regeneration failure of natural forests, and replanting problems in orchards. Phenolic allelochemical structures and modes of action are diverse and may offer potential lead compounds for the development of future herbicides or pesticides. This article reviews allelopathic effects, analysis methods, and allelopathic mechanisms underlying the activity of plant phenolic compounds. Additionally, the currently debated topic in plant allelopathy of whether catechin and 8-hydroxyquinoline play an important role in Centaurea maculata and Centaurea diffusa invasion success is discussed. Overall, the main purpose of this review is to highlight the allelopacthic potential of phenolic compounds to provide us with methods to solve various ecology problems, especially in regard to the sustainable development of agriculture, forestry, nature resources and environment conservation.

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Role of Salicylic Acid in Plants

1992-06-01

Ilya Raskin

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ........ … INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ........ .. . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 History of Salicylates .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 General Properties of Salicylic Acid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 Salicylic Acid Levels in Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS SALICYLIC A CID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 Salicylic Acid and Flowering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 Allelopathic Properties of Salicylic Acid : Effect on Membranes and Ion Uptake. .. . 444 Other Effects of Exogenously Applied Salicylic Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 SALICYLIC ACID A ND H EAT PRODU CTION IN PLANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 445 Thermogenic Plants and Search for Calorigen. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . 445 Salicylic Acid : A Natural Inducer of Thermogenesis in Arum Lilies . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . 446 SALICYLIC ACID A ND D IS EAS E RES ISTANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 Disease Resistance in Plants: Effects of Salicylic Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 Salicylic Acid : A Likely Signal for Disease Resistance in Plants. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 450 SALICYLIC ACID BIOSYNTHES IS IN PLANTS . .. . . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 451 Biosynthetic Pathway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 Biosynthetic Enzymes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 SALICYLIC ACID M ETABOLISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 MI CRO BIAL PRODU CT IO N OF SALICYLIC ACID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 CO NCLUDING REMARKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Natural products that have been used commercially as crop protection agents

2007-05-08

Leonard G. Copping , Stephen O. Duke

Many compounds derived from living organisms have found a use in crop protection. These compounds have formed the basis of chemical synthesis programmes to derive new chemical products; they have … Many compounds derived from living organisms have found a use in crop protection. These compounds have formed the basis of chemical synthesis programmes to derive new chemical products; they have been used to identify new biochemical modes of action that can be exploited by industry-led discovery programmes; some have been used as starting materials for semi-synthetic derivatives; and many have been used or continue to be used directly as crop protection agents. This review examines only those compounds derived from living organisms that are currently used as pesticides. Plant growth regulators and semiochemicals have been excluded from the review, as have living organisms that exert their effects by the production of biologically active secondary metabolites.

The role of root exudates and allelochemicals in the rhizosphere

2003-09-01

Cécile Bertin , Xiaohan Yang , Leslie A. Weston

Plant Defense Against Herbivores: Chemical Aspects

2012-05-03

Axel Mithöfer , Wilhelm Boland

Plants have evolved a plethora of different chemical defenses covering nearly all classes of (secondary) metabolites that represent a major barrier to herbivory: Some are constitutive; others are induced after … Plants have evolved a plethora of different chemical defenses covering nearly all classes of (secondary) metabolites that represent a major barrier to herbivory: Some are constitutive; others are induced after attack. Many compounds act directly on the herbivore, whereas others act indirectly via the attraction of organisms from other trophic levels that, in turn, protect the plant. An enormous diversity of plant (bio)chemicals are toxic, repellent, or antinutritive for herbivores of all types. Examples include cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, alkaloids, and terpenoids; others are macromolecules and comprise latex or proteinase inhibitors. Their modes of action include membrane disruption, inhibition of nutrient and ion transport, inhibition of signal transduction processes, inhibition of metabolism, or disruption of the hormonal control of physiological processes. Recognizing the herbivore challenge and precise timing of plant activities as well as the adaptive modulation of the plants' metabolism is important so that metabolites and energy may be efficiently allocated to defensive activities.

Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates

2003-01-01

Wajahatullah Khan , Balakrishnan Prithiviraj , Donald L. Smith

Research Progress on the use of Plant Allelopathy in Agriculture and the Physiological and Ecological Mechanisms of Allelopathy

2015-11-17

Fang Cheng , Zhihui Cheng

Allelopathy is a common biological phenomenon by which one organism produces biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, development, and reproduction of other organisms. These biochemicals are known as allelochemicals and … Allelopathy is a common biological phenomenon by which one organism produces biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, development, and reproduction of other organisms. These biochemicals are known as allelochemicals and have beneficial or detrimental effects on target organisms. Plant allelopathy is one of the modes of interaction between receptor and donor plants and may exert either positive effects (e.g., for agricultural management, such as weed control, crop protection, or crop re-establishment) or negative effects (e.g., autotoxicity, soil sickness, or biological invasion). To ensure sustainable agricultural development, it is important to exploit cultivation systems that take advantage of the stimulatory / inhibitory influence of allelopathic plants to regulate plant growth and development and to avoid allelopathic autotoxicity. Allelochemicals can potentially be used as growth regulators, herbicides, insecticides and antimicrobial crop protection products. Here, we reviewed the plant allelopathy management practices applied in agriculture and the underlying allelopathic mechanisms described in the literature. The major points addressed are as follows: (1) Description of management practices related to allelopathy and allelochemicals in agriculture. (2) Discussion of the progress regarding the mode of action of allelochemicals and the physiological mechanisms of allelopathy, consisting of the influence on cell micro- and ultra-structure, cell division and elongation, membrane permeability, oxidative and antioxidant systems, growth regulation systems, respiration, enzyme synthesis and metabolism, photosynthesis, mineral ion uptake, protein and nucleic acid synthesis. (3) Evaluation of the effect of ecological mechanisms exerted by allelopathy on microorganisms and the ecological environment. (4) Discussion of existing problems and proposal for future research directions in this field to provide a useful reference for future studies on plant allelopathy.

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Secondary Compounds as Protective Agents

1977-06-01

T. Swain

INTRODUCTION ........ ...... ...... ....... ... ....... ......... 479 THE NATURE OF SECONDARY COMPOUNDS .. ... ..... 480 Introduction 480 Distribution of Secondary Compounds in Space and Time 481 Function … INTRODUCTION ........ ...... ...... ....... ... ....... ......... 479 THE NATURE OF SECONDARY COMPOUNDS .. ... ..... 480 Introduction 480 Distribution of Secondary Compounds in Space and Time 481 Function of Secondary Compounds 483 Secondary Compounds as Waste Products 483 Secondary Compounds as Protective Agents 484 SECONDARY COMPOUNDS AND PLANT DISEASES .... ..... ... .. ........ .. 485 Introduction 485 Defenses on the Surface of Plants 485 Defensive Function of the Cell Wall ........ ...... ...... ........ 486 Che1ical Defenses within the Cell .... ...... ...... ........ ........ 486 The Role of Tannins 487 The Role of Phytoalexins 488 SECONDARY COMPOUNDS AND ALLELOPATHY ......... ... ..... ....... ..... ..... ......... 489 Introduction 489 The Complexity of Allelopathy 489 Allelopathic Activity of Secondary Compounds 490 Nonprotein Amino Acids and Allelopathy 490 SECONDARY COMPOUNDS AS INSECT DETERRENTS .. ... .. ... ....... 490 Introduction 490 Insect Chemoreceptors 491 Insect-deterrent Properties of Secondary Compounds 492

Root exudate metabolites drive plant-soil feedbacks on growth and defense by shaping the rhizosphere microbiota

2018-07-10

Lingfei Hu , Christelle A. M. Robert , Selma Cadot +7 more

Abstract By changing soil properties, plants can modify their growth environment. Although the soil microbiota is known to play a key role in the resulting plant-soil feedbacks, the proximal mechanisms … Abstract By changing soil properties, plants can modify their growth environment. Although the soil microbiota is known to play a key role in the resulting plant-soil feedbacks, the proximal mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unknown. We found that benzoxazinoids, a class of defensive secondary metabolites that are released by roots of cereals such as wheat and maize, alter root-associated fungal and bacterial communities, decrease plant growth, increase jasmonate signaling and plant defenses, and suppress herbivore performance in the next plant generation. Complementation experiments demonstrate that the benzoxazinoid breakdown product 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2-one (MBOA), which accumulates in the soil during the conditioning phase, is both sufficient and necessary to trigger the observed phenotypic changes. Sterilization, fungal and bacterial profiling and complementation experiments reveal that MBOA acts indirectly by altering root-associated microbiota. Our results reveal a mechanism by which plants determine the composition of rhizosphere microbiota, plant performance and plant-herbivore interactions of the next generation.

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Root exudates: from plant to rhizosphere and beyond

2019-07-25

Vicente Vives‐Peris , Carlos de Ollas , ‪Aurelio Gómez‐Cadenas +1 more

The Role of Polyphenols in Abiotic Stress Response: The Influence of Molecular Structure

2021-01-08

Dunja Šamec , Erna Karalija , Ivana Šola +2 more

Abiotic stressors such as extreme temperatures, drought, flood, light, salt, and heavy metals alter biological diversity and crop production worldwide. Therefore, it is important to know the mechanisms by which … Abiotic stressors such as extreme temperatures, drought, flood, light, salt, and heavy metals alter biological diversity and crop production worldwide. Therefore, it is important to know the mechanisms by which plants cope with stress conditions. Polyphenols, which are the largest group of plant-specialized metabolites, are generally recognized as molecules involved in stress protection in plants. This diverse group of metabolites contains various structures, from simple forms consisting of one aromatic ring to more complex ones consisting of large number of polymerized molecules. Consequently, all these molecules, depending on their structure, may show different roles in plant growth, development, and stress protection. In the present review, we aimed to summarize data on how different polyphenol structures influence their biological activity and their roles in abiotic stress responses. We focused our review on phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenoids, and lignans.

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Induced Plant Resistance to Herbivory

2008-01-01

Andreas Schaller

Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene.

2002-01-01

A Systematic Review on the Distribution of Invasive Plant Species Across Asia: Assessing the Rates of Invasion Success and Management

2024-07-19

J Caparic , LCM Cargo , CJ Gaston +3 more

The advancement of invasive plant species in a particular environment is threatening across Asia. When they are introduced, they could have a variety of different negative effects, either as minor … The advancement of invasive plant species in a particular environment is threatening across Asia. When they are introduced, they could have a variety of different negative effects, either as minor inconveniences or a severe problem. The aim of this review is to compile a list of invasive plant species across Asia and organize a set of data according to their reproduction rates, growth rates, dispersal rates, and characterize the allelochemicals they produce and allelopathic effects they have on their environment. The target is to know the extent of their spread ability in the area that they inhibit and know what control measures can be done with that specific species. The data has been gathered by compiling research articles and obtaining pertinent data relating to the objective. This review also utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist to confirm the credibility of the collected references. To achieve the needed references, keywords such as "distribution", "invasive", and "Asia" have been used to search for these on search engines and research journals such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and Directory for Open Access Journals, to be then compiled in spreadsheets and document files. The results show that the growth rate of these species varies from 7.5-60 cm per year, where Ipomoea eberhardtii has the highest growth rate of 60 cm per year. The dispersal rates of the species ranges from 0.002-2592 km from the parent plant, where animal mediated, water, and wind dispersal methods are the primary vector to spread. Allelopathic effects produced by the allelochemicals present mostly inhibit growth and seed germination. There are already implemented approaches to control these species, where biological control, physical means, and the use of chemicals are the most used strategies. In different dynamic processes, physical and chemical control measures are most utilized in this case.

The effects of the Asteraceae family’s extracts on seed germination and growth

2025-06-25

Ngoc Nguyen Vo , Trần Thanh Mến , Ngoc Quy Tran | Ministry of Science and Technology Vietnam

Growth inhibition of arable weeds by cerato‐platanin, a plant immune defense activator of fungal origin

2025-06-24

Laura Scarabel , Andrea Milani , Sihem Fodil +3 more | Pest Management Science

Abstract BACKGROUND The herbicide sector needs new modes of action and new ecofriendly molecules as active ingredients. In this study, we investigated the stimulation of the plant immune system as … Abstract BACKGROUND The herbicide sector needs new modes of action and new ecofriendly molecules as active ingredients. In this study, we investigated the stimulation of the plant immune system as a strategy to reduce weed growth, a mechanism not exploited by any commercial herbicide. Plants possess an innate immune system able to detect pathogens' molecules such as cerato‐platanin (CP), a fungal protein elicitor produced by Ceratocystis platani . As sensitivity of arable weeds to microbial elicitors is mostly unknown, the ability of CP to reduce germination and early seedling growth was examined in some Poaceae and Amaranthaceae by using wheat as an off‐target species. RESULTS CP‐treated seeds from Lolium multiflorum , Digitaria sanguinalis and Amaranthus hybridus resulted in stunted seedling growth, demonstrating sensitivity to the protein. In contrast, A. palmeri , A. tuberculatus and Avena fatua were unaffected by the treatment. A more detailed characterization of the sensitivity of L. multiflorum showed that CP‐specific growth inhibition occurred at concentrations ≥75 μM. Western‐blot analysis showed absorption of CP by L. multiflorum seedlings, while RT‐qPCR analyses revealed the overexpression of defense genes, such as the pathogenesis‐related (PR) gene chitinase 1 and the ethylene‐biosynthesis gene ACO1 . CP was also effective on Lolium spp. populations resistant to the acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor pinoxaden, while it did not adversely affect germination of Triticum aestivum . CONCLUSION Besides the classic use as resistance inducers against pests and diseases, we show that plant immune defense activators from microbes may act as selective herbicides with a mode of action so far unexploited. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Allelopathic activity of Phragmites australis against Bolboschoenus planiculmis and the involved active allelochemicals

2025-06-23

Yang Liu , Chong Chen , Yong Wang +5 more | Frontiers in Plant Science

Introduction Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F. Schmidt) T. V. Egorova plays an important ecological role in wetland ecosystems by providing essential habitat and food resources for the critically endangered Siberian crane ( … Introduction Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F. Schmidt) T. V. Egorova plays an important ecological role in wetland ecosystems by providing essential habitat and food resources for the critically endangered Siberian crane ( Grus leucogeranus ). It frequently coexists with Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (reed) in natural wetland communities; however, the allelopathic activity of reed on B. planiculmis remains poorly understood. Methods This study investigated the allelopathic effects of reed on B. planiculmis and identified the phenolic allelochemicals involved. Aqueous extracts from individual reed organs (roots, stems, and leaves), as well as from a mixture of these organs in equal mass proportions, were prepared at two concentrations (7% and 14%) using plant materials collected during both the nutrient and reproductive growth stages. Results and discussion Pot experiments revealed that reed aqueous extracts exhibited significant inhibitory activity on the germination and seedling growth of B. planiculmis . The leaf extract showed relatively stronger inhibitory effects compared to the extracts of other organs, especially in the nutrient growth stage. A total of 24 phenolic compounds, including 13 phenolic acids, 9 flavonoids, and 2 coumarins, were identified as potential allelochemicals in reed aqueous extracts. The concentration of phenolic allelochemicals in leaf extract was much higher than that in root and stem extracts. These findings demonstrate the allelopathic inhibitory effect of reed on the germination and seedling growth of B. planiculmis , primarily mediated by active phenolic compounds derived from leaves. Notably, this study is the first to identify flavonoids and coumarins, in addition to phenolic acids, as potential allelochemicals contributing to the allelopathic effects of reed on B. planiculmis in wetland ecosystems. This study enhances our understanding of ecological interactions among wetland plants and provides guidance for the conservation and management of the key functional species B. planiculmis .

Adsorption of Phenolic Allelochemicals by P-Doped Distiller’s Grains Biochar: A Synergistic Mechanism to Reduce the Accumulation of Autotoxic Substances

2025-06-22

Wenqiang Wang , Lanqing Li , Yue Xie +5 more | ACS Omega

Exploring the physiological mechanisms and ecofriendly mitigation strategies to combat the synergistic effects of drought and high temperature stress in Setaria italica

2025-06-20

S. Gowsiga , D. Vijayalakshmi , J. Deepika +4 more | Cereal Research Communications

Studies on the ecology of dyer’s woad: a common non-crop weed worldwide

2025-06-19

Taseer Ahmad , Khawar Jabran , Bhagirath Singh Chauhan | Phytoparasitica

Abstract Dyer’s woad ( Isatis tinctoria L.) is a noxious and invasive weed that has predominantly spread globally in non-cropped areas. However, recent observations indicate that it has begun to … Abstract Dyer’s woad ( Isatis tinctoria L.) is a noxious and invasive weed that has predominantly spread globally in non-cropped areas. However, recent observations indicate that it has begun to invade cropped areas as well, necessitating effective management strategies to mitigate its impact in both cropped and noncropped environments. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of environmental factors in an incubator (temperature, light/dark period, salinity, osmotic potential, pH levels) and seed burial depths (in a greenhouse) on the germination of I. tinctoria . Results showed that under normal conditions (25 ºC, exposed to light on filter paper in Petri dishes placed in an incubator), the seeds exhibited no dormancy, achieving 96% germination within 5 days. Among the temperature treatments, germination was highest at 25 and 20 ºC (96 and 94%, respectively), while no germination occurred at 5, 10, and 40 ºC. There was no effect of light treatments (12/12 light/dark, 24 h dark, and 24 h light) on germination, suggesting that I. tinctoria is non-photoblastic. Germination decreased as salinity levels increased from 0 mM (96%) to 200 mM (4%), with no germination occurring at 250 or 400 mM. Similarly, as the osmotic potential decreased from 0 to -0.8 MPa, germination declined from 98 to 3%, respectively and ceased entirely at -1.0 MPa. In the pH experiment, the highest germination rate (99%) was obtained at pH 7, while the lowest (22%) was observed at pH 3. Seedling emergence was greatest (92%) for seeds buried at shallow depths (2 cm), decreasing to 6% at a depth of 6 cm, suggesting that soil tillage could be an effective strategy for reducing infestation. These findings provide valuable insights for developing integrated management strategies for I. tinctoria , offering new approaches for its effective control.

Functional Characteristics of Leaves of the Calcicole Gypsophila volgensis Change along a Geographic Gradient

2025-06-19

Е. С. Богданова , Н. А. Саблина , Vladimir Vasjukov +1 more | Flora

The potential of plant allelochemicals to control Parthenium hysterophorus weed

2025-06-18

Jai Knox , Vijay Hile , Mayank Varun | Allelopathy Journal

In-vitro antifungal activity of leaves extracts of Ageratum conzoides L. and Parthenium hysterophorus against Phytophthora capsici Leonian causing bell pepper blight

2025-06-18

Rajeev Kumar , Manzoor A Khanday , H.P. Mbelle +2 more | Allelopathy Journal

Effect of Solanum rostratum Dunal litter extract on its seedling growth

2025-06-18

Yuxuan Ma , Lamei Jiang , Shuai Liu +5 more | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> Allelopathy is one of the important mechanisms for the spread and expansion of invasive alien plants. The current research mainly focuses on interspecific allelopathy, while there are relatively few … <title>Abstract</title> Allelopathy is one of the important mechanisms for the spread and expansion of invasive alien plants. The current research mainly focuses on interspecific allelopathy, while there are relatively few studies on intraspecific allelopathy. <italic>Solanum rostratum</italic> Dunal is an annual invasive plant with strong invasiveness, the secondary metabolites produced by the litter of <italic>S. rostratum</italic> can accumulate in the soil, and may affect the growth of its own seedlings. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the intraspecific allelopathy of <italic>S. rostratum</italic> for understanding the invasion mechanism or proposing new prevention and control strategies. In this study, the extract of <italic>S. rostratum</italic> litter was used to treat its seedlings, and the soil physical and chemical properties, soil metabolites, and soil microorganisms were measured to analyze their correlation with the growth of seedlings. The results showed that 0.1 and 1 g/L treatment significantly promoted the leaf area and biomass of seedlings, while 10 g/L treatment significantly inhibited plant height, leaf area index, biomass, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance. Some bacteria, such as <italic>Brevundimonas alba</italic>, <italic>Brevundimonas</italic>, <italic>Altererythribacter</italic>, <italic>Novosphingobium resinovorum</italic>, and <italic>Novosphingobium</italic> exhibited a higher abundance under 10 g/L treatment, showed a negative correlation with seedling growth. And 25 metabolites detected in the soil, such as 2-Aminobenzoic acid, 2, 6-dibromophenol and palmitaldehyde, might be the potential auto-toxicity. The results can not only supplement the invasion mechanism of invasive plants from the perspective of intraspecific allelopathy, but also provide theoretical support for formulating control strategies for the <italic>S. rostratum</italic>.

Essential oils under stress: How drought and salinity shape the physiological and biochemical profile of Thymus ×citriodorus

2025-06-18

Etri Karim , Gosztola Beáta , Pluhár Zsuzsanna | Industrial Crops and Products

Unraveling allelopathic potential of Medicago ruthenica (L.) Trautv.: insights from allelopathic effects and untargeted metabolomics

2025-06-18

Cuiping Hua , Hui Jin , Xiaoyan Yang +5 more | Phytochemistry

Effects of Endophytic Actinomycetes Extracts on Seedling Growth of Tested Plants

2025-06-16

Kitiphat Prabkae , Apirat Bundit , Sirichai Sathuwijarn +2 more | King Mongkut's Agricultural Journal

Endophytic actinomycetes are utilized as potential sources of novel natural products for exploitation in weed management. The present study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of endophytic actinomycetes extracts on … Endophytic actinomycetes are utilized as potential sources of novel natural products for exploitation in weed management. The present study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of endophytic actinomycetes extracts on germination and growth of test plants. Leaf and roots sample of tangerine tree in Fang District, Chiang Mai Province were randomly collected and isolated into seven isolates for the experiment. It was found that endophytic actinomycetes crude extract from isolate TGsR-01-004, TGsR-01-005, TGsR-02-017, TGsR-02-018, TGsL-02-004, TGsL-04-028, and TGcL-04-053 reduced the germination rate, shoot length and root length, as well as the fresh weight and dry weight of Lactuca sativa seedlings compared to the control group in a statistically significant manner. In addition, the TGsL-04-028 extracts of supernatant part with increasing concentration exhibited a more pronounced inhibitory effect on L. sativa germination and growth than cell extracts from the same isolate. However, the extracts from endophytic actinomycetes had significantly inhibited germination and growth of L. sativa and Bidens pilosa depending on isolate and test plant species. Our results suggest that endophytic actinomycete had an allelopathic effects on plants growth and suggest a promising avenue for investigating allelochemicals that could potentially serve as effective alternatives for the development of novel bioherbicides. Thus, endophytic actinomycetes hold considerable promise as a source of novel natural products for weed management strategies.

Biotechnological stimulation of phenolics in Lychnis flos-cuculi shoot cultures

2025-06-16

Małgorzata Kikowska , Maria Urbańska , Anastasia Aliesa Hermosaningtyas +5 more | Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC)

Unveiling tree species resilience to Lantana camara allelopathy for forest landscape restoration in Central India

2025-06-16

Neeraj Prajapati , Surjeet Singh Dhaka , Shivani Rohilla +4 more | Plant Ecology

Inducing biological resistance to invasive plants with adapted native species

2025-06-16

G. Scott Clark , Kerri M. Crawford | Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment

Invasive plants often benefit from a change in eco‐evolutionary context, escaping the herbivores, pathogens, and competing plants from their native range. Introduced into naïve native communities, invasive plants can spread … Invasive plants often benefit from a change in eco‐evolutionary context, escaping the herbivores, pathogens, and competing plants from their native range. Introduced into naïve native communities, invasive plants can spread rapidly, threatening native plant diversity and ecosystem functioning. Increasingly, studies have shown that native species sometimes adapt in response to the selection pressures imposed by an invasive plant. While researchers have periodically suggested using adapted native species in the management of invasive plants, the idea generally has not found its way to the field. Here, we (1) compare the concept to the more established practices of assisted migration, classic biological control, and microbiome engineering; (2) discuss some of the hurdles to practical implementation; and (3) outline directions for further research that would help expose the role of native adaptations in shaping the trajectory of plant invasions.

Intraspecific differentiation and phenotypic plasticity help the invasive success of <i>Xanthium italicum</i>

2025-06-14

Zhilong Zhao , Jin Yu , Wenxuan Zhao +2 more | Journal of Plant Ecology

Abstract Xanthium italicum is an invasive weed with a widespread global distribution causing serious damage to local agricultural production and the ecological environment in the invaded areas. Although multiple mechanisms … Abstract Xanthium italicum is an invasive weed with a widespread global distribution causing serious damage to local agricultural production and the ecological environment in the invaded areas. Although multiple mechanisms have been reported to contribute to the invasive success of X. italicum, the extent of the intraspecific differentiation and phenotypic plasticity of this species in invaded habitats requires further evaluation. In this study, we established three different nitrogen application treatments in a common garden, namely, no nitrogen addition (NN), low nitrogen (LN: 2 g urea per pot), and high nitrogen (HN: 4 g urea per pot). Each treatment contained ten populations of 100 individuals (ten individuals per population) of invasive X. italicum and native Xanthium sibiricum under different nitrogen treatments. Due to seed limitations, native X. sibiricum were not subjected to the NN treatment. Under the NN treatment, we detected significant phenotypic differences among different invasive X. italicum populations with respect to six growth traits (root length, shoot length, crown breadth, base diameter, relative chlorophyll content, and biomass). Furthermore, when subjected to the LN and HN treatments, invasive X. italicum was characterized by significantly higher phenotypic plasticity compared with that of native X. sibiricum in terms of biomass and base diameter. Our findings suggest that phenotypic plasticity and intraspecific differentiation may play important roles in facilitating the invasive success of X. italicum in China, thereby increasing the risk of further biological invasion.

Differences in soil nutrient and microbial characteristics between invasive Ageratina adenophora and native plant communities

2025-06-13

Tian Wu , Qinghong Duan , Hongbin Zhang +2 more | PLoS ONE

Much emphasis has been placed on the negative consequences of alien species on resident ecosystems. Nevertheless, quantitative studies on the effects of invasive and native plant communities on soil nutrients … Much emphasis has been placed on the negative consequences of alien species on resident ecosystems. Nevertheless, quantitative studies on the effects of invasive and native plant communities on soil nutrients and microbial features were rarely conducted. This study investigated soil microbes and soil nutrients associated with different degrees of Ageratina adenophora invasion and plant communities (Gramineae and Dicotyledons). The correlations between soil microbes and soil nutrients were analyzed. The findings indicated that the invasion of A. adenophora markedly elevated the levels of soil total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 - -N), ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), available potassium (AK) and available phosphorus (AP), while decreasing the concentrations of soil total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) in comparison with those in non-invaded areas. The concentrations of NO 3 - -N, NH 4 + -N, and AK in strongly invasive plant communities were significantly greater than those in the Gramineae and Dicotyledon groups. The soil microbial richness of the A. adenophora invasive plant community was higher than that of the native plant community. In contrast, the soil microbial evenness was lower than that of the native plant community, but the soil microbial dominance increased with the increasing degree of A. adenophora invasion. Meanwhile, the number of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the invasive plant community increased significantly with increasing degree of A. adenophora invasion. The soil microbial richness of the invasive plant community dominated by A. adenophora was higher than that of the native plant community. In contrast, soil microbial evenness was reduced in the invasive community compared to the native plant community, while microbial dominance increased with the extent of A. adenophora invasion. The number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the soil of the invasive plant community increased significantly. Furthermore, the variation trend of the Simpson diversity index (D) was that of the Shannon diversity index (H) of the soil microbes in this study. The McIntosh diversity index (U) showed a consistent decrease with the increasing degree of A. adenophora invasion. Moreover, after the correlation coefficients between soil microbes and nutrients were analyzed, we found that there was a significant positive correlation between soil nutrients and microbial richness in both the A. adenophora invasive community and the native plant community. Compared with plant communities, A. adenophora invasion can greatly alter the soil nutrient and microbial characteristics and the trade-offs of soil nutrients supply and demand, which may facilitate growth. The soil microbial diversity in different communities may be important factors that led to changes of soil nutrients. A. adenophora altered the trade-offs of soil nutrients supply and demand by changing the composition and diversity of soil microbes, which may be a critical ecological mechanism of the successful invasion of the exotic weed A. adenophora successful invasion.

The Potential Hazard of Consuming Bundles of Leafy Edible Minor Crops: Agricultural Weeds

2025-06-13

Hilmi Torun | Bitki Koruma Bülteni

Minor crops (parsley, mint, rocket, etc.), which are leafy edible vegetables, are among the indispensable consumption products of tables in Türkiye. These products, grown for their rich and nutritious content, … Minor crops (parsley, mint, rocket, etc.), which are leafy edible vegetables, are among the indispensable consumption products of tables in Türkiye. These products, grown for their rich and nutritious content, can be eaten raw or cooked. In agricultural areas, weeds prevent the development of minor crops and reduce yields and product quality if not controlled. Weeds grown at the same time as these products reach the markets in bundles with the products during the harvest and from the markets to the tables. Intensive consumption of weeds accidentally mixed into the bunch can cause some undesirable health problems, such as poisoning. In this study, the contamination rates of the minor crop bundles purchased periodically in different periods from the public market of two different districts (Çukurova and Seyhan) in the province of Adana between 2021-2023 were determined. A total of 135 minor crop bundles were purchased over two years and 36 different weed species were recorded. It was found that the contamination rate of the total weeds was 50.37% and the most confused species were Cyperus rotundus L. (8.15%), Convolvulus arvensis L. (6.67%), Portulaca oleracea L. and Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv (3.70%). The study was carried out to determine the level of contamination of the consumed bundles with plant parts and the toxicity potential (harmful components, toxins) of the weed species found in these bundles on health.

Medicinal plants in a changing climate: understanding the links between environmental stress and secondary metabolite synthesis

2025-06-13

Devesh Jangpangi , Babita Patni , Vaishali Chandola +1 more | Frontiers in Plant Science

Environmental stresses, including temperature extremes (cold and heat), elevated CO 2 , and ozone, significantly influence the production of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). These environmental factors can lead to significant … Environmental stresses, including temperature extremes (cold and heat), elevated CO 2 , and ozone, significantly influence the production of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). These environmental factors can lead to significant changes in the morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of plants. Natural resources, especially medicinal plants, have been used for centuries for their healing properties. PSMs, compounds with unique characteristics, often accumulate in response to stress, playing a crucial role in plant adaptation and stress tolerance. While environmental variables like temperature, light, water availability, humidity, CO 2 , and mineral nutrition are known to impact plant development and PSM synthesis, research on the effects of climate change on medicinal plants is limited compared to other commercial crops. This review examines the impact of various environmental factors on PSM synthesis in medicinal plants and identifies key knowledge gaps. We highlight the need for further research in this area and suggest potential directions for future studies to better understand and potentially manipulate the relationship between climate change, environmental stress, and the production of therapeutically valuable PSMs.

Seed germination behaviour and dormancy of <em>Martynia annua</em>: First confirmed report of physiological dormancy in martyniaceae

2025-06-12

D.L. Muthuthanthirige , K. M. G. Gehan Jayasuriya , Shyam S. Phartyal | Ceylon Journal of Science

Despite its medicinal value and invasive nature, the ecophysiology of seed germination in Martynia annua remains poorly understood. Thus, a study was conducted to explore the seed germination behaviour of … Despite its medicinal value and invasive nature, the ecophysiology of seed germination in Martynia annua remains poorly understood. Thus, a study was conducted to explore the seed germination behaviour of this species. Diaspores were collected from the dry zone of Sri Lanka and brought to the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Seed moisture content and seed coat: seed mass ratio were determined. Imbibition and germination of fresh seeds were evaluated. The effect of dry storage and gibberellic acid (GA3) on germination was tested. Seeds with and without woody endocarp imbibe water readily and their seed mass increased to 61 and 104% within 10 days of imbibition. Water-permeable seeds with fully developed embryos suggest that germination of M. annua seeds was not affected by the presence of the woody endocarp, indicating the absence of physical, morphological and morphophysiological dormancy in its seeds. However, seeds with and without endocarp failed to germinate under control (distilled water) treatment, whereas 500 ppm GA3 treated seeds germinated >90% both with and without endocarp. Removal of endocarp considerably enhanced germination speed as GA3-treated seeds completed germination within 11 days, while GA3-treated seeds with intact endocarp took 1 month. Dry-stored seeds retained >90% viability even after 12 months of storage. These results confirm that M. annua produces desiccation-tolerant seeds with physiological dormancy, enabling long-distance dispersal across both spatial and temporal scales. This trait likely contributes to the species’ successful distribution and invasion.

Elucidation of allelopathic potentialities of an invasive plant S. nodiflora towards an aggressive weed mimosa and documentation of the contributing allelochemicals

2025-06-09

Agamani Pattanayak , Parthapratim Maiti | Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences

Abstract Weeds are one of the major contaminants of a crop field and seriously hamper agricultural production. The synthetic weedicides used to control weeds affect both ecosystem functioning and human … Abstract Weeds are one of the major contaminants of a crop field and seriously hamper agricultural production. The synthetic weedicides used to control weeds affect both ecosystem functioning and human health. Thus, novel techniques, especially nature-based solutions, are in great need as a replacement for the chemical weedicides. The use of phytochemicals obtained from invasive species can be the best sustainable approach. They are known to be allelopathic plants, and their synthesised metabolites, i.e., allelochemicals, exhibit strong selective phytotoxic activity. Invasive taxa synthesise these unique metabolites as a method of niche specialisation or territorial signature that can be exploited biotechnologically for the development of alternative herbicides. The phytochemicals were extracted from leaves of S . nodiflora using different solvents and tested for their allelopathic potentiality on Mimosa pudica seeds. The different germination behaviour and seed biochemical parameters were noted. The allelochemicals were applied to seedlings, and the changes in standard physical and critical biochemical events were reported. The contributing allelochemicals were identified through bioassay-guided fractionation followed by GC–MS-based identification. In the present investigation, phyto-metabolites from methanolic extracts of leaves of S . nodiflora exhibit potent seed germination inhibition activity against mimosa and affect its normal external morphology and internal biochemical machinery. The T 50 (time required for the germination of 50% seeds) value was prolonged, and the reduction in insoluble carbohydrates, nucleic acid, and protein contents, as well as amylase action, was observed. Stress-related antioxidant enzymes- catalase, and peroxidase were drastically reduced. The pigment profiles, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids, were critically lowered, whereas the degree of lipid peroxidation increased. Compared to the control, the common physical parameters related to shoot and root length, dry, and fresh weight were affected in treated seedlings. The major metabolites present in the methanolic extracts responsible for such a promising allelopathic activity were quinic acid, protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid, etc. The allelochemicals of S . nodiflora can be employed for the development of alternative eco-friendly herbicides and also pave the way for the management of alien species.

Impact of allelochemicals isolated from Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) P. Beauv on regulation of physiobiochemical changes of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) R. Wilczek

2025-06-06

B. Mondal , Jaker Hossain , Abdul Motaleb +2 more | Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Shikonin-induced secondary metabolite modulation in grape berries (Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Öküzgözü’) under salinity stress

2025-06-05

Adem Yağcı | BMC Plant Biology

Enhancing the Halosulfuron Efficacy by Alkyl Ether Sulfate Adjuvant for Control of Parthenium hysterophorus in Tomato

2025-06-04

Muhammad Kamran Arooj | International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Combined application of foliar herbicides with adjuvants can provide a reliable parthenium weed management option for tomato growers. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of alkyl … Combined application of foliar herbicides with adjuvants can provide a reliable parthenium weed management option for tomato growers. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of alkyl ether sulfate (AES) adjuvant and Achyranthes aspera plant extract (AAE) on efficacy of herbicide against parthenium weed in tomato. The treatments were post-emergence foliar spray of halosulfuron at its full (49.4 g active ingredient ha-1) and 25% reduced doses alone and in mixture with AES adjuvant and AAE. Results indicated that AES adjuvant performed better than AAE, as herbicidal treatments having AES adjuvant gave a more satisfactory weed control and higher tomato fruit yield than given by those having AAE. As compared to sole application of both the full and reduced herbicide doses, their tank-mixed applications along with AES caused significantly lower parthenium dry biomass (up to 27% and 28%) and nitrogen (up to 27% and 34%), phosphorus (up to 10% and 35%) and potash (up to 26% and 34%) uptakes resulting in significant increase in tomato plant height (up to 13% and 6%), leaves plant-1 (up to 9% and 11%), fruits plant-1 (up to 24% and 46%), single fruit weight (up to 9% and 6%), and fruit yield (up to 13% and 44%) during the years 2018 and 2019, respectively. Halosulfuron reduced dose in combination with AES adjuvant gave weed control efficacy (62% and 63%), herbicide efficacy index (1.97 and 2.19) and fruit yield (10.5 t ha-1 and 10.8 t ha-1) during the years 2018 and 2019, respectively that were statistically similar to those observed with its full dose alone. It can be concluded that halosulfuron efficacy could be enhanced and its dose could be reduced up to 25% by its tank-mixed application with AES adjuvant without compromising tomato yield and quality.

Allelopathy Potential of Jamaican Cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) Leaf Extract in Inhibiting the Germination and Growth of Amaranthus spinosus L. Weed

2025-06-03

Ririh Wahyuningtyas , Sri Darmanti , Endah Dwi Hastuti | Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia

This study examined the effects of an aqueous extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaves on the inhibition of germination and growth of Amaranthus spinosus. The study used a single-factor Completely … This study examined the effects of an aqueous extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaves on the inhibition of germination and growth of Amaranthus spinosus. The study used a single-factor Completely Randomized Design, namely, the concentration of extract with treatment levels of 0, 2, 4, and 6% for germination and 0, 10, 20, and 30% for growth. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that treatment with the aqueous of leaf extracts decreased the percentage of germination, germination index, radicle, and stem length of the sprouts and slowed the germination time. During growth, it decreased the plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, and extended flowering time. The higher the concentration of the extract, the greater the decrease in the germination and growth of the weed. At concentrations of 10 and 20%, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids increased, but at a concentration of 30%, the contents began to decrease. At a concentration of 6%, germination decreased by 75%, germination index decreased by 87.47%, sprout length decreased by 27.51%, radicle length decreased by 26.20%, and germination time increased by 14.74%. At a concentration of 30%, the plant height was 6.48%, the number of leaves was 38.13%, the fresh weight was 20.64%, and the dry weight was 18.36%; however, the flowering time increased by 40%. Keywords: Allelochemicals, germination, growth, inhibition, Muntingia calabura L

Identification of allelochemicals from three submerged plants and the inhibitory effects of organic acids on cyanobacteria (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)

2025-06-01

Junkai Zhang , Tinghui Min , Jinyu Wang +3 more | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology

A novel herbicide improves functional outcomes in a conventional weed of summer crops: An alternative to Treflan®

2025-06-01

Ali Nasiri , Sina Fallah , Alessandra Carrubba | Journal of Natural Pesticide Research

Physiological and Biochemical Peculiarities of Woody and Herbal Invasive Plant Species under Stress Conditions

2025-06-01

А. С. Лукаткин , Elvera Sh. Sharkaeva | Russian Journal of Biological Invasions

The Effect of Coal Gangue as a Cultivation Substrate on the Accumulation of Functional Components of Nekemias grossedentata

2025-06-01

Zhengwen Yu , Feng Yang , Lihui Xie +1 more | Russian Journal of Plant Physiology

Players in action: role of metabolites in plant defence

2025-06-01

Lavanya Tayi | IOP Publishing eBooks

A Study on Positive Impact of Allelopathic Plant Leaf Ashes on Soil Fertility and its Characterization

2025-05-31

Namrata N. Mundargi , K. Sujatha , Sreekumar Vadakkethil Balakrishnan +2 more | Journal of Advanced Scientific Research

A method was developed to synthesize an eco-friendly alkaline solution from acidic leaves having an allelopathic effect. The mild alkaline solutionprepared showed significant potential as a sustainable fertilizer for crops … A method was developed to synthesize an eco-friendly alkaline solution from acidic leaves having an allelopathic effect. The mild alkaline solutionprepared showed significant potential as a sustainable fertilizer for crops due to its rich nutrient composition. Ashes derived from allelopathicplants act as an excellent source of essential plant nutrients and contain elements that enhance soil conditions, thereby promoting better plantgrowth and development. Further, the study was carried out to analyze the presence of key elements, calcium, magnesium, potassium, boron,etc., by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).The study also examined how the application of allelopathic plant leaf ashes influenced soil pH from neutral (7.48) to highly alkaline (8.60)and salinity variations during the growth of various plant species. According to our findings, incorporating allelopathic plant leaf ashes greatlypromotes plant growth because of the combined effects of elevated pH and nutrient levels, which are analyzed by soil sample analysis.

Evaluating the Allelopathic Effects of Salvia rosmarinus on Selected Weeds and Triticum aestivum L.

2025-05-31

SIRWA QADIR | Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences

Allelopathic Effects of Selected Culinary Spices and their Preparation Methods on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seed Germination and Early Seedling Development

2025-05-31

Oliwia Firlong-Lauda | Agrobiodiversity for Improving Nutrition Health and Life Quality