Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science

Insect behavior and control techniques

Works Count: 54522

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the invasion biology of fruit flies, particularly Drosophila suzukii and Bactrocera species, exploring topics such as their global spread, impact on agriculture, pest management strategies including sterile insect technique and biological control, population dynamics, host plant preferences, and the role of microbiota in their ecology.

Keywords

Invasive Species; Fruit Fly; Drosophila Suzukii; Pest Management; Sterile Insect Technique; Bactrocera Dorsalis; Biological Control; Population Dynamics; Host Plant Preference; Microbiota

History of the Sterile Insect Technique

2006-02-17

Waldemar Klassen , C. F. Curtis

Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Economic Importance

1973-01-01

Kenneth A. Spencer

Fruit Flies: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control

1992-03-01

John Sivinski , A. S. Robinson , G. Hooper

Part 1. Taxonomy and Zoogeography . Taxonomic characters used in identifying Tephritidae (R.A.I. Drew). The taxonomy and distribution of tropical and sub-tropical Dacinae (diptera: Tephritidae) (R.A.I. Drew). The taxonomy and … Part 1. Taxonomy and Zoogeography . Taxonomic characters used in identifying Tephritidae (R.A.I. Drew). The taxonomy and distribution of tropical and sub-tropical Dacinae (diptera: Tephritidae) (R.A.I. Drew). The taxonomy and zoogeography of the genus Anastrepha (diptera: Tephritidae) (A.L. Norrbom, R.H. Foote). Contribution towards the zoogeography of the Tephritidae (P.A. Maddison, B.J. Bartlett). Part 2. Pest Status. Mediterranean region (P. Fimiani). Southern Africa (D.L. Hancock). Part 3. Biology and Physiology. Nutrition. Requirements (J.A. Tsitsipis). The symbionts of Rhagoletis (D.J. Howard). Bacteria associated with fruit flies and their host plants (R.A.I. Drew, A.C. Lloyd). Oogenesis and spermatogenesis (D.L. Williamson). The effect of ionizing radiation on reproduction (G.H.S. Hooper). Mating pheromones. Tropical Dacines (J. Koyama). Dacus oleae (B.E. Mazomenos). Ceratitis capitata (O.T. Jones). Rhagoletis spp. (B.I. Katsoyannos). The role of pheromones in the mating system of Anastrepha fruit flies (J.L. Nation). Host. Marking pheromones (A.L. Averill, R.J. Prokopy). Parapheromones (R.T. Cunningham). Acclimation, activity levels and survival (A. Meats). Water relations of Tephritidae (A. Meats). The sensory physiology of pest fruitflies: conspectus and prospectus (M.J. Rice). Temperature - development rate relationships of the immature stages and adults of tephritid fruit flies (B.S. Fletcher). Part 4. Behaviour. Fruit fly foraging behavior (R.J. Prokopy, B.D. Roitberg). Response to shape, size and color (B.I. Katsoyannos). Behavioural partitioning of the day and circadian rhythmicity (P.H. Smith). Reproductive and mating behaviour (J. Sivinski, T. Burk). Host plant resistance to tephritids: an under-exploited control strategy (P.D. Greany). General Index. Species Index.

Lords of the fly: Drosophila genetics and the experimental life

1994-11-01

Robert Ε. Kohler

The common fruit fly, Drosophila, has long been one of the most productive of all laboratory animals. From 1910 to 1940, the centre of Drosophila culture in America was the … The common fruit fly, Drosophila, has long been one of the most productive of all laboratory animals. From 1910 to 1940, the centre of Drosophila culture in America was the school of Thomas Hunt Morgan and his students, Alfred Sturtevant and Calvin Bridges. They first created standard flies through inbreeding and by organizing a network for exchanging stocks of flies which spread their practices around the world. In Lords of the Fly, Robert E. Kohler argues that fly laboratories are a special kind of ecological niche in which the wild fruit fly is transformed into an artificial animal with a distinctive natural history. He shows that the fly was essentially a laboratory tool whose startling productivity opened many new lines of genetic research. Kohler also explores the moral economy of the Drosophilists: the rules for regulating access to research tools, allocating credit for achievements, and transferring authority from one generation of scientists to the next. By closely examining the Drosophilists' culture and customs, Kohler reveals essential features of how experimental scientists do their work.

A review of the invasion of Drosophila suzukii in Europe and a draft research agenda for integrated pest management

2012-01-01

Alessandro Cini , C. Ioriatti , Gianfranco Anfora

The vinegar fly Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera Drosophilidae), spotted wing drosophila, is a highly polyphagous invasive pest endemic to South East Asia, which has recently invaded western countries. Its serrated … The vinegar fly Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera Drosophilidae), spotted wing drosophila, is a highly polyphagous invasive pest endemic to South East Asia, which has recently invaded western countries. Its serrated ovipositor allows this fly to lay eggs on and damage unwounded ripening fruits, thus heavily threatening fruit production. D. suzukii is spreading rapidly and economic losses are severe, thus it is rapidly becoming a pest of great concern. This paper reviews the existing knowledge on the pest life history and updates its current distribution across Europe. D. suzukii presence has now been reported in nine European countries. Nonetheless, several knowledge gaps about this pest still exist and no efficient monitoring tools have been developed yet. This review is aimed at highlighting the possible research approach which may hopefully provide management solutions to the expanding challenge that D. suzukii poses to European fruit production.

Invasion biology of spotted wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii): a global perspective and future priorities

2015-07-28

Mark K. Asplen , Gianfranco Anfora , Antonio Biondi +7 more

A historic account of the invasion of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in the continental United States, with remarks on their identification

2011-09-06

Martin Hauser

Abstract BACKGROUND: Drosophila suzukii is an oriental species first reported outside Asia from Hawaii in 1980. The first confirmed records for the continental United States were made in 2008 in … Abstract BACKGROUND: Drosophila suzukii is an oriental species first reported outside Asia from Hawaii in 1980. The first confirmed records for the continental United States were made in 2008 in California. The identification of this pest is difficult because very few published resources exist. RESULTS: It has since been recorded in Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Utah, Michigan, Wisconsin, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina and Florida. Males are relatively easy to identify by the black apical wing spots and the single row of combs on the first and second tarsal segment of the fore leg. The male genitalia are also very characteristic and will aid in identifying teneral specimens. Females can be identified by the large ovipositor, which is 6–7 times as long as the diameter of the spermatheca. Immature stages can only be identified by molecular techniques. CONCLUSION: Although this species has been recorded from many US states and Canadian provinces, it has not been established in all of these places, and the main economic damage is restricted to the western part of North America. With the characters laid out in this paper, it should be possible to identify the pest with high certainty. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

Genetic differentiation between sympatric host races of the apple maggot fly Rhagoletis pomonella

1988-11-01

Jeffrey L. Feder , Charles A. Chilcote , Guy L. Bush

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Life-Table Analysis Incorporating Both Sexes and Variable Development Rates Among Individuals

1988-02-01

Hsin Chı

Journal Article Life-Table Analysis Incorporating Both Sexes and Variable Development Rates Among Individuals Get access Hsin Chi Hsin Chi 1 Division of Biological Control, University of California, Berkeley, Albany, California … Journal Article Life-Table Analysis Incorporating Both Sexes and Variable Development Rates Among Individuals Get access Hsin Chi Hsin Chi 1 Division of Biological Control, University of California, Berkeley, Albany, California 94706 1Current address: Department of Entomology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 17, Issue 1, 1 February 1988, Pages 26–34, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/17.1.26 Published: 01 February 1988 Article history Received: 08 September 1986 Accepted: 07 October 1987 Published: 01 February 1988

Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life

2011-03-14

Brian M. Wiegmann , Michelle Trautwein , Isaac S. Winkler +7 more

Flies are one of four superradiations of insects (along with beetles, wasps, and moths) that account for the majority of animal life on Earth. Diptera includes species known for their … Flies are one of four superradiations of insects (along with beetles, wasps, and moths) that account for the majority of animal life on Earth. Diptera includes species known for their ubiquity ( Musca domestica house fly), their role as pests ( Anopheles gambiae malaria mosquito), and their value as model organisms across the biological sciences ( Drosophila melanogaster ). A resolved phylogeny for flies provides a framework for genomic, developmental, and evolutionary studies by facilitating comparisons across model organisms, yet recent research has suggested that fly relationships have been obscured by multiple episodes of rapid diversification. We provide a phylogenomic estimate of fly relationships based on molecules and morphology from 149 of 157 families, including 30 kb from 14 nuclear loci and complete mitochondrial genomes combined with 371 morphological characters. Multiple analyses show support for traditional groups (Brachycera, Cyclorrhapha, and Schizophora) and corroborate contentious findings, such as the anomalous Deuterophlebiidae as the sister group to all remaining Diptera. Our findings reveal that the closest relatives of the Drosophilidae are highly modified parasites (including the wingless Braulidae) of bees and other insects. Furthermore, we use micro-RNAs to resolve a node with implications for the evolution of embryonic development in Diptera. We demonstrate that flies experienced three episodes of rapid radiation—lower Diptera (220 Ma), lower Brachycera (180 Ma), and Schizophora (65 Ma)—and a number of life history transitions to hematophagy, phytophagy, and parasitism in the history of fly evolution over 260 million y.

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A Technique of Transplantation for Drosophila

1936-05-01

Boris Ephrussi , G. W. Beadle

Fruit Flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior

2002-06-01

Pauline O. Lawrence

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Biological control and sustainable food production

2007-09-06

J. S. Bale , J.C. van Lenteren , F. Bigler

The use of biological control for the management of pest insects pre-dates the modern pesticide era. The first major successes in biological control occurred with exotic pests controlled by natural … The use of biological control for the management of pest insects pre-dates the modern pesticide era. The first major successes in biological control occurred with exotic pests controlled by natural enemy species collected from the country or area of origin of the pest (classical control). Augmentative control has been successfully applied against a range of open-field and greenhouse pests, and conservation biological control schemes have been developed with indigenous predators and parasitoids. The cost–benefit ratio for classical biological control is highly favourable (1 : 250) and for augmentative control is similar to that of insecticides (1 : 2–1 : 5), with much lower development costs. Over the past 120 years, more than 5000 introductions of approximately 2000 non-native control agents have been made against arthropod pests in 196 countries or islands with remarkably few environmental problems. Biological control is a key component of a ‘systems approach’ to integrated pest management, to counteract insecticide-resistant pests, withdrawal of chemicals and minimize the usage of pesticides. Current studies indicate that genetically modified insect-resistant Bt crops may have no adverse effects on the activity or function of predators or parasitoids used in biological control. The introduction of rational approaches for the environmental risk assessment of non-native control agents is an essential step in the wider application of biological control, but future success is strongly dependent on a greater level of investment in research and development by governments and related organizations that are committed to a reduced reliance on chemical control.

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Host fidelity is an effective premating barrier between sympatric races of the apple maggot fly.

1994-08-16

Jeffrey L. Feder , Susan B. Opp , Brian Wlazlo +3 more

Models of sympatric speciation for phytophagous insects posit a central role for host plant-associated mating as a premating isolating mechanism in lieu of geographic barriers to gene flow. Here, by … Models of sympatric speciation for phytophagous insects posit a central role for host plant-associated mating as a premating isolating mechanism in lieu of geographic barriers to gene flow. Here, by means of three mark-and-recapture studies, we confirm that host fidelity (i.e., the tendency of an insect to reproduce on the same host species that it used in earlier life-history stages) restricts gene flow between sympatric apple- and hawthorn-infesting races of Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) to approximately 6% per generation. Genetically based differences in host preference, adult eclosion under the "correct" host species, and allochronic isolation contribute to host fidelity in various degrees in the races. The results verify that host-associated adaptation can produce reproductive isolation as a correlated character (a key premise of sympatric speciation). The study also represents one of the few or perhaps only example in animals where the intra-specific isolating effects of specific phenotypes have been quantified in nature.

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DNA barcodes affirm that 16 species of apparently generalist tropical parasitoid flies (Diptera, Tachinidae) are not all generalists

2007-03-15

M. Alex Smith , David M. Wood , Daniel H. Janzen +2 more

Many species of tachinid flies are viewed as generalist parasitoids because what is apparently a single species of fly has been reared from many species of caterpillars. However, an ongoing … Many species of tachinid flies are viewed as generalist parasitoids because what is apparently a single species of fly has been reared from many species of caterpillars. However, an ongoing inventory of the tachinid flies parasitizing thousands of species of caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, has encountered >400 species of specialist tachinids with only a few generalists. We DNA-barcoded 2,134 flies belonging to what appeared to be the 16 most generalist of the reared tachinid morphospecies and encountered 73 mitochondrial lineages separated by an average of 4% sequence divergence. These lineages are supported by collateral ecological information and, where tested, by independent nuclear markers (28S and ITS1), and we therefore view these lineages as provisional species. Each of the 16 apparently generalist species dissolved into one of four patterns: (i) a single generalist species, (ii) a pair of morphologically cryptic generalist species, (iii) a complex of specialist species plus a generalist, or (iv) a complex of specialists with no remaining generalist. In sum, there remained 9 generalist species among the 73 mitochondrial lineages we analyzed, demonstrating that a generalist lifestyle is possible for a tropical caterpillar parasitoid fly. These results reinforce the emerging suspicion that estimates of global species richness are likely underestimates for parasitoids (which may constitute as much as 20% of all animal life) and that the strategy of being a tropical generalist parasitic fly may be yet more unusual than has been envisioned for tachinids.

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Tokens of love: Functions and regulation of drosophila male accessory gland products

1997-03-01

Mariana F. Wolfner

A male fruit fly influences the behavior and physiology of his mate via molecules that he transmits to her'in his semen. The mated female fly has an elevated rate of … A male fruit fly influences the behavior and physiology of his mate via molecules that he transmits to her'in his semen. The mated female fly has an elevated rate of egg laying, a decreased receptivity to mating and a shorter life span; she also stores sperm from the mating. Molecular genetic analyses possible in this insect model system permit the dissection of seminal fluid components that cause these mating responses in the female. Studies with transgenic and mutant flies have shown that products of the male's accessory gland cause short-term changes in the female's behavior and physiology; persistence of these changes requires the storage of sperm. Further dissection of accessory gland function has defined several molecules that cause these effects. A "sex peptide" and a prohormone-like molecule (Accessory gland protein 26Aa) stimulate the female's egg-laying rate; the sex peptide also depresses her receptivity to mating. A large glycoprotein (Acp36DE) appears to function in "corralling" sperm for storage. Studies of accessory gland products and the regulation of the genes that encode them will be important in understanding insect reproduction, behavior, and speciation and ultimately in designing ways to control the impressive fertility of unwanted insects. These studies also provide excellent models to address basic questions in cell biology such as the control of genes in response to sex-specific, mating-regulated and cell type-specific cues and the function and targeting of peptide hormones.

Biological invasion of European tomato crops by Tuta absoluta: ecology, geographic expansion and prospects for biological control

2010-07-07

Nicolas Desneux , Éric Wajnberg , Kris A. G. Wyckhuys +7 more

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Possibilities of Insect Control or Eradication Through the Use of Sexually Sterile Males1

1955-08-01

E. F. Knipling

The purpose of this paper is to consider the possibility of controlling insects by releasing sexually sterile males among the existing natural population. The principles involved will be described and … The purpose of this paper is to consider the possibility of controlling insects by releasing sexually sterile males among the existing natural population. The principles involved will be described and the potentialities as well as the limitations of the method as we know them at present, will be discussed.

DNA barcodes for biosecurity: invasive species identification

2005-09-15

Karen Armstrong , Shelley L. Ball

Biosecurity encompasses protecting against any risk through ‘biological harm’, not least being the economic impact from the spread of pest insects. Molecular diagnostic tools provide valuable support for the rapid … Biosecurity encompasses protecting against any risk through ‘biological harm’, not least being the economic impact from the spread of pest insects. Molecular diagnostic tools provide valuable support for the rapid and accurate identification of morphologically indistinct alien species. However, these tools currently lack standardization. They are not conducive to adaptation by multiple sectors or countries, or to coping with changing pest priorities. The data presented here identifies DNA barcodes as a very promising opportunity to address this. DNA of tussock moth and fruit fly specimens intercepted at the New Zealand border over the last decade were reanalysed using the cox1 sequence barcode approach. Species identifications were compared with the historical dataset obtained by PCR–RFLP of nuclear rDNA. There was 90 and 96% agreement between the methods for these species, respectively. Improvements included previous tussock moth ‘unknowns’ being placed to family, genera or species and further resolution within fruit fly species complexes. The analyses highlight several advantages of DNA barcodes, especially their adaptability and predictive value. This approach is a realistic platform on which to build a much more flexible system, with the potential to be adopted globally for the rapid and accurate identification of invasive alien species.

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First records of the potential pest species Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Europe

2010-11-02

Gemma Calabria , Josef Máca , Gerhard Bächli +2 more

Abstract Drosophila suzukii ovoposits and feeds on healthy fruits, unlike most other Drosophila species. It has been traditionally reported from Asia, but in the last 2 years it has been … Abstract Drosophila suzukii ovoposits and feeds on healthy fruits, unlike most other Drosophila species. It has been traditionally reported from Asia, but in the last 2 years it has been recorded from North America, where it is causing a lot of agricultural damage. Herein we report the first records of, D. suzukii in Europe. It has been found in different localities expanding an altitudinal range from 27 to 1550 m above sea level (ab.s.l). Furthermore by comparing collections of drosophilids from different European populations distributed along a latitudinal cline we were able to determine its high dispersal ability since it spread approximately 1400 km in 1 year either actively or passively through infested fruits. The similarities of the introduction dates in North America and Europe and the COI haplotypes suggest that the two invasions could be related. No considerable damage on crops has been reported yet in Europe. However, if this species gets established in more temperate localities it could become a serious pest. Therefore tracking the invasion of this species is recommended. An early detection of this potential pest is decisive for good management of the fields.

Historical Biogeography of the Drosophila melanogaster Species Subgroup

1988-01-01

Daniel Lachaise , Marie‐Louise Cariou , Jean R. David +3 more

Bionomics and Management of Anastrepha

1994-01-01

Martı́n Aluja

Flies of the genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) are among the world's most devastating agricultural pests. At the same time, they display remark able ecological and behavioral characteristics, which have served … Flies of the genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) are among the world's most devastating agricultural pests. At the same time, they display remark able ecological and behavioral characteristics, which have served as models in the development of general theories on insect mating systems and the physiology of host marking. Anastrepha species are endemic to the New World and restricted to tropical and sUbtropical environments. The genus's range extends from the southern US to northern Argentina and includes most of the Caribbean Islands. There are 184 described Anastrepha species. The great majority of these are poorly known biologically, and knowledge is basically restricted to seven economically important species: Jraterculus, grandis, ludens, obliqua, serpentina,

The susceptibility of small fruits and cherries to the spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii

2011-06-27

Jana C. Lee , Denny J. Bruck , Hannah Curry +4 more

Abstract BACKGROUND: The spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is native to Asia and was first detected in the North American mainland and Europe in 2008–2010. Drosophila suzukii is a serious … Abstract BACKGROUND: The spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is native to Asia and was first detected in the North American mainland and Europe in 2008–2010. Drosophila suzukii is a serious economic pest to stone and small fruits because the female lays eggs within ripening fruit on a plant before harvest, which can lead to crop loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of blackberries, blueberries, cherries, grapes, raspberries and strawberries to D. suzukii among various ripeness stages and cultivars. RESULTS: In 26 no‐choice and choice replicated laboratory cage tests on ripeness stages, fruits were generally susceptible to D. suzukii once fruits started to color. Few D. suzukii developed on green fruit, wine grapes or overripe blueberries. In seven cultivar tests, D. suzukii preferences ranged from no differences to fourfold differences for specific cultivars of blackberries, blueberries, raspberries and wine grapes. As brix levels increased, more eggs were laid or more D. suzukii developed on blackberries, blueberries, cherries, raspberries and strawberries. In a choice test of various fruit types, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, cherries and blueberries were more susceptible to D. suzukii than green table grapes ('Thompson'). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that fruits may become susceptible to D. suzukii as they start to turn color, and that specific varieties of grapes and overripe blueberries have low susceptibility to D. suzukii . Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

Yeast, not fruit volatiles mediate <scp>D</scp>rosophila melanogaster attraction, oviposition and development

2012-05-18

Paul G. Becher , Gerhard Flick , Elżbieta Rozpędowska +7 more

Summary 1. In nature, the fruit fly D rosophila melanogaster is attracted to fermenting fruit. Micro‐organisms like S accharomyces yeasts growing on fruit occupy a commonly overlooked trophic level between … Summary 1. In nature, the fruit fly D rosophila melanogaster is attracted to fermenting fruit. Micro‐organisms like S accharomyces yeasts growing on fruit occupy a commonly overlooked trophic level between fruit and insects. Although the dietary quality of yeast is well established for D . melanogaster , the individual contribution of fruit and yeast on host finding and reproductive success has not been established. 2. Here, we show that baker's yeast S accharomyces cerevisiae on its own is sufficient for fruit fly attraction, oviposition and larval development. In contrast, attraction and oviposition were significantly lower if non‐fermented grape juice or growth media were used, and yeast‐free grapes did not support larval development either. 3. Despite a strong preference for fermented substrates, moderate attraction to and oviposition on unfermented fruit might be adaptive in view of the fly's capacity to vector yeast. 4. Signals emitted by fruit were only of secondary importance because fermenting yeast without fruit induced the same fly behaviour as yeast fermenting on fruit. We identified a synthetic mimic of yeast odour, comprising ethanol, acetic acid, acetoin, 2‐phenyl ethanol and 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, which was as attractive for the fly as fermenting grape juice or fermenting yeast minimal medium. 5. Yeast odours represent the critical signal to establish the fly–fruit–yeast relationship. The traditional plant–herbivore niche concept needs to be updated, to accommodate for the role of micro‐organisms in insect–plant interactions.

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DIAPAUSE IN RELATION TO THE ECOLOGY OF INSECTS

1952-02-01

H. G. Andrewartha

DNA barcodes reveal cryptic host-specificity within the presumed polyphagous members of a genus of parasitoid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae)

2006-02-27

M. Alex Smith , Norman E. Woodley , Daniel H. Janzen +2 more

Insect parasitoids are a major component of global biodiversity and affect the population dynamics of their hosts. However, identification of insect parasitoids is often difficult, and they are suspected to … Insect parasitoids are a major component of global biodiversity and affect the population dynamics of their hosts. However, identification of insect parasitoids is often difficult, and they are suspected to contain many cryptic species. Here, we ask whether the cytochrome c oxidase I DNA barcode could function as a tool for species identification and discovery for the 20 morphospecies of Belvosia parasitoid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) that have been reared from caterpillars (Lepidoptera) in Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica. Barcoding not only discriminates among all 17 highly host-specific morphospecies of ACG Belvosia, but it also raises the species count to 32 by revealing that each of the three generalist species are actually arrays of highly host-specific cryptic species. We also identified likely hybridization among Belvosia by using a variable internal transcribed spacer region 1 nuclear rDNA sequence as a genetic covariate in addition to the strategy of overlaying barcode clusters with ecological information. If general, these results will increase estimates of global species richness and imply that tropical conservation and host-parasite interactions may be more complex than expected.

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INVASIVE PHYTOPHAGOUS PESTS ARISING THROUGH A RECENT TROPICAL EVOLUTIONARY RADIATION: TheBactrocera dorsalisComplex of Fruit Flies

2004-11-02

Anthony R. Clarke , Karen Armstrong , Amy Elizabeth Carmichael +4 more

The Bactrocera dorsalis complex of tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) contains 75 described species, largely endemic to Southeast Asia. Within the complex are a small number of polyphagous pests … The Bactrocera dorsalis complex of tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) contains 75 described species, largely endemic to Southeast Asia. Within the complex are a small number of polyphagous pests of international significance, including B. dorsalis sensu stricto, B. papayae, B. carambolae, and B. philippinensis. Most species within the complex were described in 1994 and since then substantial research has been undertaken in developing morphological and molecular diagnostic techniques for their recognition. Such techniques can now resolve most taxa adequately. Genetic evidence suggests that the complex has evolved in only the last few million years, and development of a phylogeny of the group is considered a high priority to provide a framework for future evolutionary and ecological studies. As model systems, mating studies on B. dorsalis s.s. and B. cacuminata have substantially advanced our understanding of insect use of plant-derived chemicals for mating, but such studies have not been applied to help resolve the limits of biological species within the complex. Although they are commonly regarded as major pests, there is little published evidence documenting economic losses caused by flies of the B. dorsalis complex. Quantification of economic losses caused by B. dorsalis complex species is urgently needed to prioritize research for quarantine and management. Although they have been documented as invaders, relatively little work has been done on the invasion biology of the complex and this is an area warranting further work.

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The Swarming and Mating Flight of Diptera

1969-01-01

J. A. Downes

The state of commercial augmentative biological control: plenty of natural enemies, but a frustrating lack of uptake

2011-07-27

J.C. van Lenteren

Augmentative biological control concerns the periodical release of natural enemies. In commercial augmentative biological control, natural enemies are mass-reared in biofactories for release in large numbers to obtain an immediate … Augmentative biological control concerns the periodical release of natural enemies. In commercial augmentative biological control, natural enemies are mass-reared in biofactories for release in large numbers to obtain an immediate control of pests. The history of commercial mass production of natural enemies spans a period of roughly 120 years. It has been a successful, environmentally and economically sound alternative for chemical pest control in crops like fruit orchards, maize, cotton, sugar cane, soybean, vineyards and greenhouses. Currently, augmentative biological control is in a critical phase, even though during the past decades it has moved from a cottage industry to professional production. Many efficient species of natural enemies have been discovered and 230 are commercially available today. The industry developed quality control guidelines, mass production, shipment and release methods as well as adequate guidance for farmers. However, augmentative biological control is applied on a frustratingly small acreage. Trends in research and application are reviewed, causes explaining the limited uptake are discussed and ways to increase application of augmentative biological control are explored.

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Biology of Fruit Flies

1960-01-01

L. D. Christenson , Richard H. Foote

With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species … With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in ...Read More

Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Invasive Pest of Ripening Soft Fruit Expanding its Geographic Range and Damage Potential

2011-04-01

Douglas B. Walsh , Mark Bolda , Rachael E. Goodhue +6 more

Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, a native of eastern and southeastern Asia, is a pest of small and stone fruits. First detected in California in 2008, the insect is … Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, a native of eastern and southeastern Asia, is a pest of small and stone fruits. First detected in California in 2008, the insect is now found across the Pacific Coast states. Its penchant for attacking healthy, ripening fruit (as opposed to overripe and rotting fruit favored by other so-called “vinegar flies”) makes it a potential economic threat to a host of soft- and thin-skinned fruit crops including cherry, raspberry, blackberry, blueberry, strawberry, peach, plums, pluots, nectarines, juice grape, table grape, and wine grape. Coordinated research projects to determine host preference, seasonal phenology, biology, and management options are taking place among entomologists in Washington, Oregon, and California. A description of the pest and initial findings on its biology, life history, known and expected geographic range, management and monitoring techniques, and economic considerations are presented and discussed.

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Glossina austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) Eradicated on the Island of Unguja, Zanzibar, Using the Sterile Insect Technique

2000-02-01

Marc J. B. Vreysen , Khalfan M. Saleh , Mashavu Y. Ali +7 more

An area-wide integrated tsetse eradication project was initiated in Zanzibar in 1994 by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the governments of Tanzania and Zanzibar, to eradicate Glossina austeni Newstead … An area-wide integrated tsetse eradication project was initiated in Zanzibar in 1994 by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the governments of Tanzania and Zanzibar, to eradicate Glossina austeni Newstead from Unguja Island (Zanzibar) using the sterile insect technique. Suppression of the tsetse population on Unguja was initiated in 1988 by applying residual pyrethroids as a pour-on formulation to livestock and by the deployment of insecticide impregnated screens in some of the forested areas. This was followed by sequential releases of gamma-sterilized male flies by light aircraft. The flies, packaged in carton release containers, were dispersed twice a week along specific flight lines separated by a distance of 1–2 km. More than 8.5 million sterile male flies were released by air from August 1994 to December 1997. A sterile to indigenous male ratio of >50:1 was obtained in mid-1995 and it increased to >100:1 by the end of 1995. As a consequence the proportion of sampled young females (1–2 ovulations), with an egg in utero in embryonic arrest or an uterus empty as a result of expulsion of a dead embryo, increased from <25% in the 1st quarter to >70% in the last quarter of 1995. In addition, the age structure of the female population became significantly distorted in favor of old flies (≥4 ovulations) by the end of 1995. The apparent density of the indigenous fly population declined rapidly in the last quarter of 1995, followed by a population crash in the beginning of 1996. The last trapped indigenous male and female flies were found in weeks 32 and 36, 1996, respectively. Time for 6 fly generations elapsed between the last catch of an indigenous fly and the end of the sterile male releases in December 1997.

The Ecology of Fruit Flies

1972-01-01

M. A. Bateman

The dominant feature of fruit fly research over the past decade has been a considerable preoccupation with projects related to the suppression or eradication of populations by the release of … The dominant feature of fruit fly research over the past decade has been a considerable preoccupation with projects related to the suppression or eradication of populations by the release of sterile individuals. The success of the eradication campaigns against the screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hom nivorax, (16), followed by further successes against the melon fiy, Dacus cucurbitae, and the Oriental fruit fiy, Dacus dorsalis, by Steiner and his associates in the Mariana islands (147, 149), has engendered considerable enthusiasm for the sterile male technique among those concerned with the control of fruit flies. Entomologists concerned with many other groups of insects are turning more and more toward pest (37, 122) or integrated proce dures of control based on solid ecological foundations. These methods aim, not at the complete destruction of the pest population, but at its reduction to a low mean level of abundance, so that its fluctuations seldom or never carry it above its economic threshold. But for fruit flies, particularly in situ ations where fruit is grown for export to uninfested areas, or where con sumers demand a perfect product, the economic threshold may often be near zero, and the strong preference for eradicative rather than management procedures is readily understandable. '

Non-Allopatric Speciation in Animals

1980-09-01

D. J. Futuyma , Gregory C. Mayer

Journal Article Non-Allopatric Speciation in Animals Get access Douglas J. Futuyma, Douglas J. Futuyma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gregory C. Mayer … Journal Article Non-Allopatric Speciation in Animals Get access Douglas J. Futuyma, Douglas J. Futuyma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gregory C. Mayer Gregory C. Mayer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Systematic Biology, Volume 29, Issue 3, September 1980, Pages 254–271, https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/29.3.254 Published: 01 September 1980 Article history Received: 01 February 1980 Revision received: 01 June 1980 Published: 01 September 1980

SYMPATRIC HOST RACE FORMATION AND SPECIATION IN FRUGIVOROUS FLIES OF THE GENUSRHAGOLETIS(DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE)

1969-06-01

Guy L. Bush

Agency for International Development

1978-01-01

Omer J. Kelley

The Agency for International Development (AID) is the primary vehicle for United States economic and humanitarian assistance to less developed countries. AID carries on functional development assistance programs in food … The Agency for International Development (AID) is the primary vehicle for United States economic and humanitarian assistance to less developed countries. AID carries on functional development assistance programs in food production, population planning, health, education, and other areas of economic development in countries throughout the Near East, Asia, Latin America, and Africa. AID also supports the efforts of several international organizations, such as the United Nations Development Program, in these areas. In addition, AID carries on regional and interregional programs to supplement its efforts in specific countries. Under an interagency agreement with the Department of Agriculture, AID helps coordinate and administer Public Law 480 (“Food for Peace”) assistance to underdeveloped countries (see Public Law 480 Programs section).

Fruit Flies (Tephritidae)

1999-12-20

Section 1: General Framework Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Families of the Superfamily Tephritoidea - Valery A. Korneyev Breeding Habits and Sex in Families Closely Related to the Tephritidae: Opportunities for … Section 1: General Framework Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Families of the Superfamily Tephritoidea - Valery A. Korneyev Breeding Habits and Sex in Families Closely Related to the Tephritidae: Opportunities for Comparative Studies on the Evolution of Fruit Fly Behavior - John Sivinski Behavior of Tephritid Flies: A Historical Perspective - Francisco Diaz-Fleischer and Martin Aluja Section 2: Higher Relationships of Tephritidae Phylogenetic Relationships Among Higher Groups of Tephritidae - Valery A. Korneyev Nucleotide Sequence Data as a Tool to Test Phylogenetic Relationships Among Higher Groups of Tephritidae: A Case Study Using Mitochondrial Ribosomal DNA - Ho-Yeon Han and Bruce A. McPheron Section 3: Subfamilies Blepharoneurinae and Phytalmiinae Phylogeny of the Subfamily Blepharoneurinae - Allen L. Norrbom and Martha A. Condon Behavior of Flies in the Genus Blepharoneura (Blepharoneurinae) - Martha A. Condon and Allen Norrbom The Evolution of Antlers in Tephritid Flies - Gary N. Dodson Section 4: Subfamily Trypetinae Phylogeny of the Subtribe Carpomyina (Trypetinae), Emphasizing Relationships of the Genus Rhagoletis - James J. Smith and Guy L. Bush Behavior of Flies of the Genera Rhagoletis, Zonosemata and Carpomya (Trypetinae: Carpomyina) - Ronald J. Prokopy and Daniel R. Papaj Phylogeny and Behavior of Flies in the Tribe Trypetini (Trypetinae) - Ho-Yeon Han Phylogeny of the Genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) based on morphology - Allen L. Norrbom, Roberto A. Zucchi, and Vicente Hernandez-Ortiz Phylogeny of the Genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) based upon 16SrRNA Mitochondrial DNA - Bruce A. McPheron, Ho-Yeon Han, Janisete G. Silva, and Allen L. Norrbom Behavior of Flies in the Genus Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) - Peter J. Landolt Behavior of Flies in the Genus Anastrepha (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) - Martin Aluja, Jaime Pinero, Isabel Jacome, Francisco Diaz-Fleischer, and John Sivinski Section 5: Subfamily Dacinae Phylogeny of the Genus Ceratitis (Dacinae: Ceratitidini) - Marc de Meyer Behavior of Flies in the Genus Ceratitis (Dacinae: Ceratitidini) - Boaz Yuval and Jorge Hendrichs Sexual Behavior and Sexual Selection in the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis Capitata (Dacinae: Ceratitidini) - William G. Eberhard Phylogeny of the Tribe Dacini (Dacinae) Based on Morphological, Distributional and Biological Data - Richard A.I. Drew and David L. Hancock Morphological Features of the Dacini (Dacinae): Their Significance to Behavior and Classification - Ian M. White The Biology and Behavior of Flies in the Tribe Dacini (Dacinae) - Richard A.I. Drew and Meredith C. Romig Section 6: Subfamily Tephritinae Phylogeny of the Subfamily Tephritinae: Relationships of the Tribes and Subtribes - Valery A. Korneyev A Generic Reclassification and Phylogeny of the Tribe Myopitini (Tephritinae) - Amnon Freidberg and Allen L. Norrbom Phylogeny of the Paleartic and Afrotropical Genera of the Tephritis Group (Tephritinae: Tephritini) - Bernhard Merz Behavior of Flies in the Subfamily Tephritinae - David H. Headrick and Richard D. Goeden Section 7: Evolution of Behavior Genetic Population Structure in the Tephritidae - Stewart H. Berlocher The Evolution of Fruit Fly Feeding Behavior - Richard A.I. Drew and Boaz Yuval Topics in the Evolution of Sexual Behavior in the Tephritidae - John Sivinski, Martin Aluja, Gary N. Dodson, Amnon Freidberg, David H. Headrick, Kenneth Y. Kaneshiro, and Peter J. Landolt Sexual Pheromones of Tephritid Flies: Clues to Unravel Phylogeny and Behavior - Robert R. Heath, Peter J. Landolt, David C. Robacker, Barbara D. Dueben, and Nancy D. Epsky Evolution of Fruit Fly Oviposition Behavior - Francisco Diaz-Fleischer, Daniel R. Papaj, Ronald J. Prokopy, Allen L. Norrbom, and Martin Aluja Changes in Sexual Behavior and Life History Traits of Tephritid Species Caused by Mass-rearing Processes - Jean-Pierre Cayol Sexual Selection and Speciation in Hawaiian Drosophila (Drosophilidae): A Model System for Research in Tephritidae - Kenneth Y. Kaneshiro Section 8 Glossary - Ian M. White, David H. Headrick, and Allen L. Norrbom

The Phylogeny, Ecology, and Geography of Drosophila

1975-01-01

Lynn H. Throckmorton

FlyBase: updates to theDrosophila melanogasterknowledge base

2020-10-22

Aoife Larkin , Steven J Marygold , Giulia Antonazzo +7 more

FlyBase (flybase.org) is an essential online database for researchers using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism, facilitating access to a diverse array of information that includes genetic, molecular, genomic and … FlyBase (flybase.org) is an essential online database for researchers using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism, facilitating access to a diverse array of information that includes genetic, molecular, genomic and reagent resources. Here, we describe the introduction of several new features at FlyBase, including Pathway Reports, paralog information, disease models based on orthology, customizable tables within reports and overview displays ('ribbons') of expression and disease data. We also describe a variety of recent important updates, including incorporation of a developmental proteome, upgrades to the GAL4 search tab, additional Experimental Tool Reports, migration to JBrowse for genome browsing and improvements to batch queries/downloads and the Fast-Track Your Paper tool.

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Fly Cell Atlas: A single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the adult fruit fly

2022-03-03

Hongjie Li , Jasper Janssens , Maxime De Waegeneer +7 more

For more than 100 years, the fruit fly For more than 100 years, the fruit fly

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Sterile Insect Technique

2005-01-01

V. A. Dyck , Jorge Hendrichs , A. S. Robinson

Sterile insect technique: principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management

2006-06-01

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Regulation Of Division Of Labor In Insect Societies

1992-01-01

Gene E. Robinson

Evolution in the Genus Drosophila

1953-01-01

J. T. Patterson , Wilson S. Stone

The vast amount of knowledge dealing with Drosophila which has been ac- cumulated in the field of genetics, cytology, and ecology has been critically sorted and arranged in a systematic … The vast amount of knowledge dealing with Drosophila which has been ac- cumulated in the field of genetics, cytology, and ecology has been critically sorted and arranged in a systematic way in this book.The authors who have dedicated their careers to genetics and the analysis of evolutionary mechanisms present a detailed account of the taxonomy of the genus with an elaborate digest of its ecology and geographical distribution.There are four chapters on the evolutionary effects of genic changes and two chapters on the effects of chromo- somal changes.The chapter dealing with the metaphase patterns includes a discussion on the role of such major factors as fusion, translocation, pericentric inversion and changes of heterochromatin.With the exception of the virilis species group which is fully presented in Chapter 10, the analyses of inversions in wild populations revealed by the salivary gland technique in various species studied can show the prime importance of chromosomal evolution.Tbe material in the virilis chapter can be considered as the best and most beautiful illustra-

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A guide to the birds of Costa Rica

1990-03-01

F. Gary Stiles , Alexander F. Skutch , Dana Gardner

Costa Rica hosts an avifauna of more than 830 species. Within two hours drive from San Jose, one can see quetzals in highland forests, antbirds in lowland forests, or shorebirds … Costa Rica hosts an avifauna of more than 830 species. Within two hours drive from San Jose, one can see quetzals in highland forests, antbirds in lowland forests, or shorebirds and ibises in mangrove swamps. The authors describe the landforms, vegetation and climates of Costa Rica and include photographs of some of the major types of habitat and characteristic plants. They discuss some aspects of evolution, ecology, and behaviour of Costa Rican birds, and report on the costly and courageous conservation efforts the country is making. The family and species accounts which follow, covering some 400 pages, make up the bulk of the book, with 52 colour plates illustrating virtually every species of Costa Rican bird-migrants as well as residents - including distinctive plumages for many of them. There are also practical tips for trips in the field and descriptions of good birding locations, with specific directions for travel by car, public transport and on foot.

Developmental systems : insects

1972-01-01

S. J. Counce , C. H. Waddington

Integrated Approaches to Invasive Fruit Fly Disinfestation: Ethyl Formate Fumigation and Cold Treatment for Bactrocera scutellata as a Surrogate in Korea

2025-06-24

Dong‐Bin Kim , Tae Hyung Kwon , Bong-Su Kim +3 more | Insects

The oriental fruit fly (B. dorsalis) poses a critical threat to domestic mandarin trade, necessitating effective phytosanitary measures. This study evaluated ethyl formate (EF) and phosphine (PH3) fumigation as alternative … The oriental fruit fly (B. dorsalis) poses a critical threat to domestic mandarin trade, necessitating effective phytosanitary measures. This study evaluated ethyl formate (EF) and phosphine (PH3) fumigation as alternative disinfestation methods, either alone or in combination with cold treatment, using B. scutellata, pumpkin fruit fly, as a surrogate species. Eggs and third-instar larvae were tested under both naked and inoculated conditions. Results indicated that larvae were more susceptible to treatment than eggs. The LT99% values for cold treatment (1.7 °C) were 8.6 and 12.4 days under naked and inoculated conditions, respectively. EF LCt99% values were 265.7 and 1111.0 g h/m3. EF (LCt50%) combined with PH3 (1.0 g/m3) achieved up to 100% mortality, while EF (LCt50%) followed by cold treatment (1.7 °C for 1–3 days) significantly enhanced mortality compared to cold treatment alone. This study offers foundational data to optimize EF-based quarantine treatments against B. dorsalis, supporting shorter treatment times and more cost-effective quarantine practices. Future studies should validate these findings under practical field conditions.

Molecular characterization of transformer, transformer-2, and doublesex genes in the carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae, revealing potential for genetic pest management.

2025-06-24

Kamoltip Laohakieat , Thanalai Poonsiri , Nidchaya Aketarawong | PubMed

Globalization and climate change may be driving the spread of the quarantine fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae, highlighting the need for ecofriendly control methods like the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), which … Globalization and climate change may be driving the spread of the quarantine fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae, highlighting the need for ecofriendly control methods like the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), which relies on releasing sterile males to reduce wild populations. However, developing effective strains through genetic manipulation of sex-determination genes remains challenging due to limited knowledge of this pathway in B. carambolae. In this study, the structures of three key orthologous genes-transformer (tra), transformer-2 (tra-2), and doublesex (dsx)-were characterized and compared with those of other Bactrocera species. These genes were found to share conserved structures, following a bottom-up pattern from Bcardsx to Bcartra-2 and Bcartra, with intron retention observed in Bcartra as a structural variation. Developmental expression analysis revealed that the splicing patterns of Bcartra first appeared at 6 hours post oviposition (hpo), with sex-specific patterns established by 10 hpo. The expression profiles in B. carambolae were similar to those in the closely related species B. dorsalis, although gene expression occurred later in B. carambolae. RNAi knockdown of Bcartra resulted in nearly all phenotypic males, supporting the role of BcarTRA in controlling the sex-specific splicing of Bcartra itself and the downstream genes doublesex and fruitless. Additionally, in silico predictions of protein interactions (TRAF, TRA-2, and RBP1) and putative cis-regulatory elements on Bcartra pre-mRNA suggested specific binding events occur at these conserved sites. These findings contribute to the development of potential genetic tools for pest control and provide insights into the evolutionary relationships among these orthologous genes.

IA y Big Data para la biología de invasiones: descubrir, modelar y predecir las dinámicas poblacionales de las especies invasoras

2025-06-22

Erola Fenollosa , Roberto Salguero‐Gómez | Ecosistemas

La inteligencia artificial (IA) está transformando rápidamente el estudio y la gestión de especies invasoras mediante herramientas analíticas y predictivas que optimizan la detección, el monitoreo y la erradicación automática. … La inteligencia artificial (IA) está transformando rápidamente el estudio y la gestión de especies invasoras mediante herramientas analíticas y predictivas que optimizan la detección, el monitoreo y la erradicación automática. En este trabajo, revisamos los principios fundamentales del aprendizaje automático y profundo, ilustrados con casos de estudio recientes sobre especies invasoras. Presentamos además la primera revisión sistemática del uso de la IA en el campo de la biología de la invasión y demografía, con 278 artículos publicados desde 1999, un 50% de ellos en los últimos cinco años, lo que subraya el rápido avance de este campo y sus aplicaciones. Observamos que la mayoría de los estudios se centran en plantas y tareas de detección, empleando imágenes de satélites, drones y cámaras digitales como principales fuentes de datos, lo cual permite monitorear invasiones con una precisión y eficiencia sin precedentes. Los algoritmos de aprendizaje profundo destacan por su capacidad para procesar datos visuales complejos, mientras que los enfoques de ensamblaje de modelos generan predicciones más robustas. La creciente disponibilidad de bases de datos globales, imágenes y plataformas colaborativas ha reducido los costos asociados al trabajo de campo, facilitando el acceso a áreas remotas y de mayor extensión, y permitiendo el uso de algoritmos sin necesidad de experiencia avanzada en programación. Este trabajo constituye una guía práctica y accesible para investigadores que se inician en el uso de la IA, destacando los avances más recientes y su potencial transformador para abordar los desafíos de la invasión biológica.

Impact of adoption of Integrated Pest Management practices on the control of fruit fly infestation among smallholder mango farmers in Kenya

2025-06-21

Samuel Jeff Otieno , Jonathan Makau Nzuma , Cecilia Ritho +1 more | International Journal of Pest Management

Rediscovery of Rhagoletis ebbettsi Bush, 1966 (Diptera, Tephritidae) in California, U.S.A.

2025-06-20

S. V. Korneyev , Martin Hauser , Anna Holmquist +1 more | The Pan-Pacific Entomologist

Optimal management of crop pests in the presence of agritourism

2025-06-19

Badriya Al Hinaai , Ibtisam Al Abri , Abdullah M. Al‐Sadi +2 more | Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences

Abstract The pomegranate industry faces increasing challenges due to pest infestations, particularly from Virachola livia , which threatens production and farmer livelihoods, especially in arid countries like Oman. While the … Abstract The pomegranate industry faces increasing challenges due to pest infestations, particularly from Virachola livia , which threatens production and farmer livelihoods, especially in arid countries like Oman. While the government has implemented an integrated pest management (IPM) program, the growing pest population and rising control costs highlight the need for more effective management strategies. Despite extensive agricultural pest control research, few studies have examined optimal pest management in perennial crops or analytically considered pest behavior and fruit characteristics in estimating crop-related benefits and costs, particularly in the Arabian contexts. Moreover, no previous study has assessed the economic benefits of agritourism in pest management decisions. Therefore, this study develops a stochastic dynamic bioeconomic model to determine the optimal pest management strategy and tree replanting age for pomegranate cultivation under different pest infestation levels, farmer behaviors, and agritourism scenarios. The findings indicate that while pest management is crucial for reducing fruit damage and increasing yields, current practices fail to maximize economic returns. Additionally, integrating agritourism into pest management strategies significantly enhances the overall value of pomegranate farming. The results underscore the need for improved educational programs to align farmers’ pest management practices with socially optimal strategies. Furthermore, the model can be adapted to other crops or expanded to address broader agricultural risks, such as disease outbreaks, wildfires, and climate change, offering valuable guidance for policymakers.

Levadura de torula y trimedlure en la captura de moscas de la fruta y otros insectos durante octubre y noviembre en Satipo

2025-06-19

José Manuel Alomia - Lucero , Wesley Manoel Elesbão Torres | KANYÚ

El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto levadura de torula y trimedlure en la captura de moscas de la fruta. Se ha utilizado trampas McPhail cebadas con atrayentes como levadura de … El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto levadura de torula y trimedlure en la captura de moscas de la fruta. Se ha utilizado trampas McPhail cebadas con atrayentes como levadura de torula y trimedlure en plantaciones de naranja valencia en producción en tres lugares de muestreo ubicadas entre Rio Negro y Satipo. Se ha registrado datos de captura de moscas de la fruta y otros insectos encontrados al momento de la evaluación dentro de las botellas. Los resultados indican que Anastrepha spp. prefiere la levadura de torula solo encontrándose una MTD de 0,05; mientras que en levadura de torula combinado con trimedlure el MTD fue de 0,02; en trimedlure solo el MTD fue 0,0. No se ha registrado la presencia de Ceratitis capitata en la zona de estudio, descartando una vez más su presencia en la selva central. La levadura de torula + trimedlure atraen mejor a los lepidopteros o polillas, en segundo lugar, los dípteros y en tercer lugar los coleópteros. Esta tendencia también se encontró para levadura de torula. El trimedlure no atrae lepidópteros, escasamente otros dípteros y coleópteros.

Stag Beetle

2025-06-17

| Yale University Press eBooks

Low-Temperature Phosphine Fumigation Is Effective Against Drosophila suzukii in Sweet Cherry

2025-06-17

Hang Zou , Li Li , Jun Zhang +6 more | Insects

Drosophila suzukii, classified as a quarantine pest in some countries, poses a serious threat to global trade due to its ability to damage berries and cherries. Recent studies indicate that … Drosophila suzukii, classified as a quarantine pest in some countries, poses a serious threat to global trade due to its ability to damage berries and cherries. Recent studies indicate that low-temperature phosphine (PH3) fumigation effectively controls this pest without compromising fresh produce quality. However, the specific protocol for managing D. suzukii larvae in cherries using this method remains underexplored. This study evaluates the efficacy of low-temperature PH3 fumigation in controlling D. suzukii larvae across three cherry varieties at 3 °C and investigates potential effects on key quality metrics. Tolerance assessments revealed that 3rd instar larvae exhibit the highest resistance to PH3 among all developmental stages. A concentration of 800 mL/m3 PH3 for 84 h at 3 °C achieved phytosanitary efficacy for 0.99997 with no negative effect on the quality attributes of the tested cherry varieties. These results support low-temperature PH3 fumigation as a viable postharvest treatment for D. suzukii management in sweet cherries.

Effects of cold storage on the fitness of Bracon adoxophyesi, as an important parasitoid of palm pests

2025-06-17

Baozhu Zhong , Chaojun Lv , Talat M. Abdelrahman +3 more | Bulletin of Entomological Research

Abstract The cold storage of biological control agents, such as parasitoids, is a valuable method utilised in mass rearing to ensure the availability of sufficient individuals when needed. This study … Abstract The cold storage of biological control agents, such as parasitoids, is a valuable method utilised in mass rearing to ensure the availability of sufficient individuals when needed. This study evaluated the effects of storage temperatures of 9°C and 12°C, along with incubation periods of 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days, on the biological fitness of Bracon adoxophyesi Minamikawa (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The results demonstrated that the survival rates of adult wasps exceeded 90.0% after being stored at both 9°C and 12°C for 35 days. At these temperatures, female wasps exhibited their longest lifespan at 14 days, whereas male longevity decreased progressively from 7 to 35 days. The parasitism rates observed were 43.0% at 9°C and 46.0% at 12°C after 7 days of refrigeration, with a subsequent reduction noted after 35 days. The fecundity of parasitic wasps decreased with the extension of storage time, but no significant difference was found in total egg production within 28 days of storage. Additionally, cold storage did not significantly affect the survival of the offspring; however, the proportion of females among the raised offspring was higher than in the control group. In comparing fitness parameters to the control, wasp vitality was notably higher after 21 days of storage at 9°C or 14 days at 12°C, indicating that these combinations of temperature and time are optimal. The findings of this study serve as a reference for optimising cold storage techniques and facilitating the large-scale application of B. adoxophyesi .

Distribution and Damage of the Ovary Fly (Bruggmaniella perseae1) in Avocados in the State of Mexico

2025-06-16

Isaeel Ruiz-Galván , Néstor Bautista-Martínez , Oscar Morales-Galván | Southwestern Entomologist

Steps To Be Taken for Addressing the Issues Related to Non-Compliances Received from EU Pertaining to Fruit Fly Infestation in Mango and Various Other Fruits and Vegetables and Bosting Mango Exports in Upcoming Year

2025-06-15

Showkat Maqbool | International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology

Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) present a critical challenge to the horticultural sector in India, particularly in mango cultivation and export. These invasive pests cause significant losses—up to 40%—in fruits and … Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) present a critical challenge to the horticultural sector in India, particularly in mango cultivation and export. These invasive pests cause significant losses—up to 40%—in fruits and vegetables both at the field and post-harvest stages. Their impact is especially concerning due to their polyphagous behavior, rapid reproduction, and adaptability, leading to stringent quarantine regulations by importing countries, including the European Union (EU), the USA, Japan, South Korea, and Australia. This paper outlines a comprehensive approach adopted by APEDA in collaboration with national and regional stakeholders to address non-compliances reported by the EU, especially pertaining to fruit fly infestation in mango exports. The measures include strengthening pest surveillance at the production level, enhancing packhouse compliance with sanitary and phytosanitary standards, capacity building through training and sensitization workshops, and promoting integrated pest management practices. Additionally, conformity checks throughout the export supply chain and targeted research collaborations with ICAR are emphasized to mitigate risks. Strategies for enhancing export competitiveness, such as promotional campaigns, wet sampling, and buyer-seller meets, are also discussed. The integrated approach aims to improve phytosanitary compliance, reduce export rejections, and increase the global market share of Indian mangoes

Evaluating a novel core-and-perimeter delimiting trapping survey design for insects. I. Field experiment

2025-06-14

Barney P. Caton , Hui Fang , Ernie F. Hain +4 more | Journal of Economic Entomology

Abstract We propose a novel “core-and-perimeter” delimiting trapping design for invasive insects, improving upon the ubiquitous fully trapped square grids using regular spacing. The core-and-perimeter design has traps near the … Abstract We propose a novel “core-and-perimeter” delimiting trapping design for invasive insects, improving upon the ubiquitous fully trapped square grids using regular spacing. The core-and-perimeter design has traps near the epicenter and in a perimeter set at a distance to result in zero captures, to directly set the population boundary. We compared the core-and-perimeter and fully trapped designs in a mark–release–recapture experiment with Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii in 2022. Each design had 4 repetitions with 4 separate releases of flies and 6 collection days from 1 to 14 d after release. The square fully trapped grid had 20 core area traps plus 79 other traps in 0.92 km2, plus 24 “sentinel” traps beyond. The circular core-and-perimeter grid had 20 core traps, and 108 traps in a 220 m-wide perimeter, set 500 m from the release point (smaller than the recommended radius). Slightly more flies on average were captured in the fully trapped treatment but proportional captures in common locations were similar. Flies were caught in the sentinel traps in every replicate of the fully trapped treatment. Four percent of captures occurred in the perimeter of the core-and-perimeter treatment on average. Trap usage rate for the fully trapped design was 67%, while for the core area of the core-and-perimeter design was nearly 94%. Overall mean daily dispersal distance was 96.3 m, and the regression-based 99th percentile of total distance was 700 m. Results supported the potential of the core-and-perimeter design and demonstrated 2 fully trapped design disadvantages—trap inefficiency and egress potential.

Adaptation of the PESTonFARM Model to Support Decision-Making and Planning of Local Implementation of the Sterile Insect Technique in the Control of Ceratitis capitata Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2025-06-14

Sławomir A. Lux , Marco Colacci | Applied Sciences

The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is most effective at large regional scales when applied within an area-wide framework. However, there is a need to investigate its feasibility at smaller scales, … The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is most effective at large regional scales when applied within an area-wide framework. However, there is a need to investigate its feasibility at smaller scales, e.g., for emergency responses to local fruit fly invasions or planning for preventive release of sterile males in local high-risk zones. Available decision support tools and SIT implementation models are effective for large-scale interventions but tend to ignore the influences of fine-grained terrain structures and therefore offer little guidance for small-scale SIT operations in locally diverse landscapes. This study addresses this issue by adapting a site-specific individual-based PESTonFARM model to simulate both the behaviour and fate of individual members of ultra-small invasive medfly propagules and the post-release dispersal and mating performance of sterile males in heterogeneous and mosaic landscapes. To illustrate model operation, several SIT implementation scenarios were simulated to reveal the influence of local landscape structure on the behaviour of wild and released sterile males and to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of different SIT scenarios. Our results demonstrate the sensitivity of the model and showed that the influence of the spatiotemporal structure of local resources should not be ignored when planning local SIT operations.

Genomic Insights into Basal Diptera Phylogeny: The Non-Monophyletic Nature of Blephariceromorpha

2025-06-14

Yaoming Yang , Jun Ren , Xuhongyi Zheng +5 more | International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Diptera is one of the most ecologically significant and species-rich insect orders, but there are still unresolved phylogenetic relationships among its basal lineages, particularly within the infraorder Blephariceromorpha, due to … Diptera is one of the most ecologically significant and species-rich insect orders, but there are still unresolved phylogenetic relationships among its basal lineages, particularly within the infraorder Blephariceromorpha, due to limited molecular data. To address this gap, this study employs two parallel genomic approaches: mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genomic analysis, covering 64 families and over 100 species of Diptera and their outgroups, to elucidate these phylogenetic relationships. Our results strongly support the monophyly of each constituent family (Blephariceridae, Deuterophlebiidae, and Nymphomyiidae), yet they reject the monophyly of Blephariceromorpha. Crucially, we found that Deuterophlebiidae and Nymphomyiidae form a sister group representing the basal-most lineage of Diptera, whereas Blephariceridae is positioned within Psychodomorpha. This indicates that the similar larval habitats and morphological traits shared between Blephariceridae and the Nymphomyiidae + Deuterophlebiidae clade are the result of convergent evolution. By resolving long-standing debates on the relationships within Blephariceromorpha and the basal lineages of Diptera, this study provides new insights into the evolutionary history of Diptera, especially within the suborder Nematocera.

First Record of Thaumastocoris peregrinus1 Associated with Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Durango‚ Mexico

2025-06-12

Dulce Guadalupe Castañon-Alaniz , Rebeca Álvarez‐Zagoya , Gerardo A. Hinojosa-Ontiveros +1 more | Southwestern Entomologist

Enhancing the performance of Piper spp. essential oils by developing chitosan-sodium alginate polyelectrolyte complex against Drosophila suzukii with selectivity for non-target parasitoids

2025-06-04

Michele Trombin de Souza , Mireli Trombin de Souza , Renan R. Schorr +7 more | Journal of Pest Science

Corrigendum: Comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes of three Zeugodacus species (Insecta: Tephritidae: Dacinae) and their phylogenetic relationships with other congeners. Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny 81: 747–759. doi: 10.3897/asp.81.e105025

2025-06-04

Hoi-Sen Yong , Sze‐Looi Song , Kah-Ooi Chua +5 more | Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny

The complete mitogenomes of fruit flies Zeugodacus ( Javadacus ) calumniatus , Z. ( Javadacus ) heinrichi and Z. ( Sinodacus ) hochii have similar gene order and contain 37 … The complete mitogenomes of fruit flies Zeugodacus ( Javadacus ) calumniatus , Z. ( Javadacus ) heinrichi and Z. ( Sinodacus ) hochii have similar gene order and contain 37 genes and a non-coding region. They share an identical start codon for the respective protein-coding genes (PCGs), an identical TAA stop codon for 11 PCGs, TAG for cob , and an incomplete T stop codon for nad5 . The cloverleaf structure of most of the tRNAs is similar in the three Zeugodacus species. Phylogenetic analyses reveal Z. ( Parasinodacus ) cilifer to be external to two main clades: (A) monophyletic subgenus Zeugodacus ; and (B) subgenera Javadacus and Sinodacus . The present results indicate that the taxonomic status of some taxa needs clarification. Z. calumniatus is genetically very similar to Z. tau and is not congruent with its current placement in the munda complex. Z. mukiae NC_067083 is genetically very similar to Z. scutellaris , but differs significantly from Z. mukiae MG683384 of the arisanicus ( arisanica ) complex. On the other hand, Z . proprediaphorus is genetically distinct from and not a synonym of Z. diaphorus . Z. caudatus sensu stricto from Indonesia forms a sister lineage with Z. diversus , instead of with the Malaysian and Chinese taxa of Z. caudatus sensu lato. A notable incongruence is the sister lineage of Z . ( Sinodacus ) hochii and Z . ( Javadacus ) heinrichi among other taxa of subgenus Javadacus . A more extensive taxon sampling, particularly the subgenus Sinodacus (and other subgenera), is needed to clarify/resolve their subgenus status.

Use of antagonistic yeasts for multi-purpose grape and wine protection: attraction for Drosophila suzukii in pre-harvest and bioprotection during red winemaking

2025-06-03

Andrea Arpellino , Vasileios Englezos , Simone Giacosa +7 more | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Evaluating the Repellent Efficacy of a Vitex trifolia L. Leaf Powder Botanical Formulation Against Oriental Fruit Flies (Bactrocera dorsalis)

2025-06-02

Andi Dzul Arsyi Ainun , Sylvia Sjam , Sulaeha Sulaeha +1 more | HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important horticultural crop pests that cause significant losses in both crop quality and quantity. Vitex trifolia L., often considered a weed, contains bioactive compounds with … Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important horticultural crop pests that cause significant losses in both crop quality and quantity. Vitex trifolia L., often considered a weed, contains bioactive compounds with potential as fruit fly repellents. This research aims to evaluate the repellent activity of V. trifolia against oriental fruit flies (Bactrocera dorsalis) at various concentrations. Laboratory experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments (1%, 3%, 5%) and one control, each repeated five times, Testing was carried out using an olfactometer. The results showed that all tested concentrations significantly reduced B. dorsalis visits compared to the control (0%), with the highest repellency (65.83%) observed at the 5% concentration. A negative linear relationship was established between formulation concentration and B. dorsalis activity, including visits, ovipositor punctures, and larval presence. The formulation significantly decreased oviposition punctures and larval infestation, resulting in a lower percentage of infested fruits (28.57% at 5% concentration compared to 82.86% in the control). Physical and organoleptic assessments confirmed the formulation's suitability for practical application, with a moisture content of (2.66%), a light green color, and a distinctive spicy aroma. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified key bioactive compounds, including phenol, methyl β-D-glucopyranoside, vitexifolin D, and viteosin A, which are known for their repellent properties. These findings suggest that V. trifolia leaf powder is a promising, eco-friendly alternative for managing B. dorsalis infestations in horticultural crops.

The genome sequence of the tephritid fly, Campiglossa producta (Loew, 1844)

2025-06-02

Steven Falk , Liam M. Crowley | Wellcome Open Research

<ns5:p>We present a genome assembly from a female specimen of <ns5:italic>Campiglossa producta</ns5:italic> (tephritid fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Tephritidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 865.96 megabases and … <ns5:p>We present a genome assembly from a female specimen of <ns5:italic>Campiglossa producta</ns5:italic> (tephritid fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Tephritidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 865.96 megabases and 843.00 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (96.26%) is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 16.79 kilobases.</ns5:p>