Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Agricultural Economics and Policy

Works Count: 89267

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and its reform, addressing issues such as multifunctionality, sustainability, agricultural subsidies, land values, environmental policy, farm succession, and biodiversity. The papers analyze the impact of CAP on farm structure, income inequality, regional development, and environmental outcomes.

Keywords

Common Agricultural Policy; multifunctionality; sustainability; agricultural subsidies; land values; environmental policy; farm succession; EU agriculture; policy reform; biodiversity

The State of Food and Agriculture 2020

2020-01-01

John L. Neufeld

Patterns of Congressional Voting

1991-02-01

Keith T. Poole , Howard L. Rosenthal

Congressional roll call voting has been highly structured for most of U.S. history. The structure is revealed by a dynamic, spatial analysis of the entire roll call voting record from … Congressional roll call voting has been highly structured for most of U.S. history. The structure is revealed by a dynamic, spatial analysis of the entire roll call voting record from 1789 to 1985. The space is characterized by a predominant major dimension with, at times, a significant, but less important second dimension. In the modern era, spatial positions are very stable. This stability is such that, under certain conditions, short run forecasting of roll call votes is possible. Since the end of World War II, changes in congressional voting patterns have occurred almost entirely through the process of replacement of retiring or defeated legislators with new members. Politically, selection is far more important than adaptation.

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Handbook of Agricultural Economics

2002-01-01

Bruce L. Gardner , Gordon C. Rausser

Understanding Options for Agricultural Production

1998-01-01

G. Y. Tsuji , Gerrit Hoogenboom , Philip K. Thornton

Facilitating sustainable agriculture: participatory learning and adaptive management in times of environmental uncertainty

1998-09-01

N.G. Röling , Annemarie Wagemakers

Preface Part I. Introduction: 1. A new practice: facilitating sustainable agriculture N. Roling and A. Wagemakers 2. Supportive policies and practices for scaling up sustainable agriculture J. Pretty 3. The … Preface Part I. Introduction: 1. A new practice: facilitating sustainable agriculture N. Roling and A. Wagemakers 2. Supportive policies and practices for scaling up sustainable agriculture J. Pretty 3. The second wing of the eagles: the human dimension in learning our way to more sustainable futures J. Woodhill and N. Roling Part II. Environmental Policies and Farmers' Reactions: 4. Developing standards for sustainable farming in the Swiss Alps M. Roux and A. Blum 5. Extension functions and farmers' attitudes in Greece A. Koutsouris and D. Papadopoulos 6. Integrated arable farming in the Netherlands W. van Weperen, M. Proost and N. Roling Part III. Farmer Learning, Its Facilitation and Supportive Institutions: 7. Learning about sustainable agriculture: the case of Dutch arable farmers 8. The diffusion of eco-farming in Germany A. Gerber and V. Hoffmann 9. Transforming extension for sustainable agriculture: the case of integrated pest management in rice in Indonesia N. Roling and E. van de Fliert 10. Co-learning tools: powerful instruments of change in southern Queensland, Australia G. Hamilton 11. A social harvest reaped from a promise of springtime. User-responsive, participatory agricultural research in Asia G. T. Castillo Part IV. Platforms For Agricultural Resources Use Negotiation: 12. Integrated farming systems: a sustainable agriculture learning community in the USAJ. Fisk, O. Hesterman, and T. Thorburn 13. Fomenting energy: experiences with facilitating landcare in Australia A. Campbell 14. The implementation of nature policy in the Netherlands: platforms designed to fail M. Wagemans and J. Boerma 15. The communication between farmers and government over nature: a new approach to policy development C. van Woerkum and M. Aarts Part V. Synthesis: 16. The ecological knowledge system About the authors List of figures Tables Boxes List of abbreviations and acronyms Index.

Agricultural expansion and deforestation: modelling the impact of population, market forces and property rights

1999-02-01

Arild Angelsen

Generating Models by the Expansion Method: Applications to Geographical Research*

1972-01-01

Emilio Casetti

Singh, Inderjit, Lyn Squire, and John Strauss, eds. <i>Agricultural Household Models: Extensions, Applications, and Policy</i>. Baltimore MD: Johns Hopkins University Press for the World Bank, 1986, xi + 335 pp., $@@‐@@34.50

1987-05-01

Michael R. Carter

Abstract of British Historical Statistics

1963-01-01

L. Thirring , B. R. Mitchell , Phyllis Deane

The Economic Organization of Agriculture

1953-07-01

Frederick V. Waugh , Theodore W. Schultz

EU agricultural reform fails on biodiversity

2014-06-05

Guy Pe’er , Lynn V. Dicks , Piero Visconti +7 more

Extra steps by Member States are needed to protect farmed and grassland ecosystems Extra steps by Member States are needed to protect farmed and grassland ecosystems

Assessing farm innovations and responses to policies: A review of bio-economic farm models

2007-05-01

Sander Janssen , M.K. van Ittersum

Statistical Methods of Econometrics

1970-05-01

H. Wold , E. Malinvaud

This now classic volume aims at a systematic presentation of the statistical methods used for the analysis of economic data. The properties of the various procedures are studied within the … This now classic volume aims at a systematic presentation of the statistical methods used for the analysis of economic data. The properties of the various procedures are studied within the framework of theoretical stochastic models. Their relevance for inference on the economic phenomena is discussed at length. This third edition has been updated in many respects. Chapter 8 (Regression in Various Contexts) has been rewritten and now provides a full discussion of estimation in the linear models with a partially unknown covariance matrix, which introduces a systematic treatment of heteroscedasticity, random coefficients and composite errors. A new chapter has been added on simultaneous equation models that are non-linear with respect to the endogenous variables. The reader will also find new sections on shrunken estimators, on the choice of a model, on specification and estimation for distributed lag equations.

Agricultural Development: An International Perspective.

1972-06-01

Graham Hallett , Yūjirō Hayami , Vernon W. Rutton

Journal Article Hayami (Y.) & Ruttan (V. W.). Agricultural Development Get access Agricultural Development: An International Perspective. By Yujiro Hayami and Vernon W. Rutton . (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins … Journal Article Hayami (Y.) & Ruttan (V. W.). Agricultural Development Get access Agricultural Development: An International Perspective. By Yujiro Hayami and Vernon W. Rutton . (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins Press, 1971. Pp.336. $10.) Graham Hallett Graham Hallett University College, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 82, Issue 326, 1 June 1972, Pages 792–793, https://doi.org/10.2307/2230054 Published: 01 June 1972

The Farm‐Retail Price Spread in a Competitive Food Industry

1975-08-01

Bruce L. Gardner

Abstract Consistency with market equilibrium places constraints on the pricing policies of food marketing firms in a competitive industry. This paper examines the implications of simultaneous equilibrium in three related … Abstract Consistency with market equilibrium places constraints on the pricing policies of food marketing firms in a competitive industry. This paper examines the implications of simultaneous equilibrium in three related markets: retail food, farm output, and marketing services. From equations representing the demand and supply sides of each market, elasticities are generated which show how the farm‐retail price spread changes when retail food demand, farm product supply, or the supply function of marketing services shifts. Implications for the viability of simple markup pricing rules and the determinants of the farmer's share of the food dollar are discussed.

The Nature of the Farm

1998-10-01

Douglas W. Allen , Dean Lueck

Using a model based on a trade‐off between moral hazard incentives and gains from specialization, this paper explains why farming has generally not converted from small, family‐based firms into large, … Using a model based on a trade‐off between moral hazard incentives and gains from specialization, this paper explains why farming has generally not converted from small, family‐based firms into large, factory‐style corporate firms. Nature is both seasonal and random, and the interplay of these qualities generates moral hazard, limits the gains from specialization, and causes timing problems between stages of production. By identifying conditions in which these forces vary, we derive testable predictions about the choice of organization and the extent of farm integration. To test these predictions we study the historical development of several agricultural industries and analyze data from a sample of over 1,000 farms in British Columbia and Louisiana. In general, seasonality and randomness so limit the benefits of specialization that family farms are optimal, but when farmers are successful in mitigating the effects of seasonality and random shocks to output, farm organizations gravitate toward factory processes and corporate ownership.

THE PARADOX OF POWER*

1991-11-01

Jack Hirshleifer

In power struggles, the strong might be expected to grow ever stronger and the weak weaker still. But in actuality, poorer or smaller combatants often end up improving their position … In power struggles, the strong might be expected to grow ever stronger and the weak weaker still. But in actuality, poorer or smaller combatants often end up improving their position relative to richer or larger ones. This is the paradox of power. The explanation is that initially poorer contenders are rationally motivated to fight harder, to invest relatively more in conflictual activity. Only when the decisiveness of conflict is sufficiently high does the richer side gain relatively in terms of achieved income. Among other things, the paradox of power explains political redistributions of income from the rich to the poor.

Bayesian Spatial Modeling of Extreme Precipitation Return Levels

2007-09-01

Daniel Cooley , Douglas Nychka , Philippe Naveau

Quantification of precipitation extremes is important for flood planning purposes, and a common measure of extreme events is the r-year return level. We present a method for producing maps of … Quantification of precipitation extremes is important for flood planning purposes, and a common measure of extreme events is the r-year return level. We present a method for producing maps of precipitation return levels and uncertainty measures and apply it to a region in Colorado. Separate hierarchical models are constructed for the intensity and the frequency of extreme precipitation events. For intensity, we model daily precipitation above a high threshold at 56 weather stations with the generalized Pareto distribution. For frequency, we model the number of exceedances at the stations as binomial random variables. Both models assume that the regional extreme precipitation is driven by a latent spatial process characterized by geographical and climatological covariates. Effects not fully described by the covariates are captured by spatial structure in the hierarchies. Spatial methods were improved by working in a space with climatological coordinates. Inference is provided by a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm and spatial interpolation method, which provide a natural method for estimating uncertainty.

Econometric policy evaluation: A critique

1976-01-01

David V. Pritchett

Comparing Nonparametric Versus Parametric Regression Fits

1993-12-01

Wolfgang Karl Härdle , Enno Mammen

In general, there will be visible differences between a parametric and a nonparametric curve estimate. It is therefore quite natural to compare these in order to decide whether the parametric … In general, there will be visible differences between a parametric and a nonparametric curve estimate. It is therefore quite natural to compare these in order to decide whether the parametric model could be justified. An asymptotic quantification is the distribution of the integrated squared difference between these curves. We show that the standard way of bootstrapping this statistic fails. We use and analyse a different form of bootstrapping for this task. We call this method the wild bootstrap and apply it to fitting Engel curves in expenditure data analysis.

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Agrarian Structure and Productivity in Developing Countries

1980-11-01

Pierre Crosson , Randall Berry , William R. Cline

The main argument of this book is that in most developing countries small farmers produce more per unit of land than large farmers and are at least comparable in total … The main argument of this book is that in most developing countries small farmers produce more per unit of land than large farmers and are at least comparable in total factor productivity. This is true after adjustment for differences between large and small farms in the quality of land. This situation reflects a socially inefficient use of agricultural resources resulting in large measure from the present high concentration of agricultural land in the hands of a relatively small number of large farmers. A strategy to redistribute land in favor of small farmers not only would reduce income inequality among farmers but would also increase the total product of agriculture. Such a strategy, therefore, would move societies toward achievement of both equity and efficiency goals for agriculture. Let me make clear at the outset that while I have some reservations about the theoretical underpinnings of this argument, the highly professional job Berry and Cline have done of collecting and presenting the empirical evidence convincingly supports their policy conclusion favoring a small farm strategy for the developing countries. The theoretical argument leading to the expectation that small farms will have higher yields than large farms has two components: (1) the inputs used in developing country agriculture are sufficiently divisible (machinery services can be rented on a custom basis or small machines developed for use on small farms) to yield approximately constant returns to scale; and empirical studies of agricultural production functions in developing countries in fact have found approximately constant returns. (2) However, small and large farmers confront quite different patterns of marginal rates of return or factor prices. The marginal product of family labor on small farms is less than the wage paid hired labor on large farms, and the prices of both land and capital are higher to small farmers than to large farmers. Consequently, while the technical characteristics of the production function indicate approximately constant returns to scale, the pattern of effective factor prices systematically induces the small farmer to use more labor per unit of land, and therefore to produce more per acre, than the large farmer. Two questions naturally occur with respect to this argument: (1) Why do these differences in factor prices or marginal returns persist, and in particular why does labor not move from small to large farms in response to the difference in marginal labor income, thus reducing the intensity of land use on small farms, increasing it on large farms and eliminating,

Household Composition, Labor Markets, and Labor Demand: Testing for Separation in Agricultural Household Models

1992-03-01

Dwayne Benjamin

This paper tests the separation of farm labor supply and labor demand decisions, using the observation that household composition is an important determinant of farm labor use with nonseparation. After … This paper tests the separation of farm labor supply and labor demand decisions, using the observation that household composition is an important determinant of farm labor use with nonseparation. After assessing the conditions under which the test has power against several alternatives, an empirical model is developed to test the proposition that farm employment is independent of family composition. The model is estimated on a data set from rural Java. The null hypothesis that farm labor allocation decisions are independent of household structure is not rejected. The results are robust to different specifications of the labor demand function. Copyright 1992 by The Econometric Society.

The forest transition: a theoretical basis

1998-06-01

A.S. Mather , Coby L. Needle

Summary A theoretical basis for the forest transition (the change from contraction to expansion of national forest area) is suggested in terms of increasing agricultural adjustment to land quality. This … Summary A theoretical basis for the forest transition (the change from contraction to expansion of national forest area) is suggested in terms of increasing agricultural adjustment to land quality. This adjustment, operating through a process of learning by farmers, results in the concentration of agricultural production in smaller areas of better land, and the agricultural abandonment of larger areas of poorer land, which are then available for reforestation through natural regeneration or planting.

Positive Mathematical Programming

1995-05-01

Richard E. Howitt

Abstract A method for calibrating models of agricultural production and resource use using nonlinear yield or cost functions is developed. The nonlinear parameters are shown to be implicit in the … Abstract A method for calibrating models of agricultural production and resource use using nonlinear yield or cost functions is developed. The nonlinear parameters are shown to be implicit in the observed land allocation decisions at a regional or farm level. The method is implemented in three stages and initiated by a constrained linear program. The procedure automatically calibrates the model in terms of output, input use, objective function values and dual values on model constraints. The resulting nonlinear models show smooth responses to parameterization and satisfy the Hicksian conditions for competitive firms.

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Understanding Policy Networks: Towards a Dialectical Approach

2000-03-01

David Marsh , Martin J. Smith

This article has two aims. First, we develop a dialectical model of the role that policy networks play in any explanation of policy outcomes. Our model is based upon a … This article has two aims. First, we develop a dialectical model of the role that policy networks play in any explanation of policy outcomes. Our model is based upon a critique of existing approaches and emphasizes that the relationship between networks and outcomes is not a simple, unidimensional one. Rather, we argue that there are three interactive or dialectical relationships involved between: the structure of the network and the agents operating within them; the network and the context within which it operates; and the network and the policy outcome. Second, we use this model to help analyse and understand continuity and change in British agricultural policy since the 1930s. Obviously, one case is not sufficient to establish the utility of the model, but the case does illustrate both that policy networks can, and do, affect policy outcomes and that, in order to understand how that happens, we need to appreciate the role played by the three dialectical relationships highlighted in our model.

Marginal lands in Europe—causes of decline

2005-04-01

Dirk Strijker

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Integrated assessment of agricultural systems – A component-based framework for the European Union (SEAMLESS)

2007-10-02

M.K. van Ittersum , Frank Ewert , Thomas Heckelei +7 more

Agricultural Production Functions.

1962-03-01

J. L. Joy , E. O. Heady , J. L. Dillon

Journal Article Agricultural Production Functions Get access Agricultural Production Functions. By E. O. Heady and J. L. Dillon. (Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1961. Pp. viii + 667. $6.95.) … Journal Article Agricultural Production Functions Get access Agricultural Production Functions. By E. O. Heady and J. L. Dillon. (Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1961. Pp. viii + 667. $6.95.) J. L. Joy J. L. Joy School of Agriculture, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 72, Issue 285, 1 March 1962, Pages 207–209, https://doi.org/10.2307/2228644 Published: 01 March 1962

Space-Time Modelling with Long-Memory Dependence: Assessing Ireland's Wind Power Resource

1989-01-01

John Haslett , Adrian E. Raftery

We consider estimation of the long term average power output from a wind turbine generator at a site for which few data on wind speeds are available. Long term records … We consider estimation of the long term average power output from a wind turbine generator at a site for which few data on wind speeds are available. Long term records of wind speeds at the 12 synoptic meteorological stations are also used. Inference is based on a simple and parsimonious approximating model which accounts for the main features of wind speeds in Ireland, namely seasonal effects, spatial correlation, short-memory temporal autocorrelation and long-memory temporal dependence. It synthesizes deseasonalization, kriging, ARMA modelling and fractional differencing in a natural way

Farming for the future: an introduction to low-external-input and sustainable agriculture.

1992-06-28

Coen Reijntjes , Bertus Haverkort , Ann Waters‐Bayer

The diffusion of hybrid seed corn in two Iowa communities

1943-01-01

B. Ryan

The Conditions of Agricultural Growth. The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure

1966-03-01

Augustine Crispin , Ester Boserup

Action needed for the EU Common Agricultural Policy to address sustainability challenges

2020-03-08

Guy Pe’er , Aletta Bonn , Helge Bruelheide +7 more

Abstract Making agriculture sustainable is a global challenge. In the European Union (EU), the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is failing with respect to biodiversity, climate, soil, land degradation as well … Abstract Making agriculture sustainable is a global challenge. In the European Union (EU), the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is failing with respect to biodiversity, climate, soil, land degradation as well as socio‐economic challenges. The European Commission's proposal for a CAP post‐2020 provides a scope for enhanced sustainability. However, it also allows Member States to choose low‐ambition implementation pathways. It therefore remains essential to address citizens' demands for sustainable agriculture and rectify systemic weaknesses in the CAP, using the full breadth of available scientific evidence and knowledge. Concerned about current attempts to dilute the environmental ambition of the future CAP, and the lack of concrete proposals for improving the CAP in the draft of the European Green Deal, we call on the European Parliament, Council and Commission to adopt 10 urgent action points for delivering sustainable food production, biodiversity conservation and climate mitigation. Knowledge is available to help moving towards evidence‐based, sustainable European agriculture that can benefit people, nature and their joint futures. The statements made in this article have the broad support of the scientific community, as expressed by above 3,600 signatories to the preprint version of this manuscript. The list can be found here ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3685632 ). A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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Government Failures in Development

1990-08-01

Anne O. Krueger

By the 1970s and early 1980s, governments in most developing countries were mired down in economic policies that were manifestly unworkable. Whether market failures had been present or not, most … By the 1970s and early 1980s, governments in most developing countries were mired down in economic policies that were manifestly unworkable. Whether market failures had been present or not, most knowledgeable observers concluded that there had been colossal government failures. In many countries, there could be little question but that government failure significantly outweighed market failure. This essay focuses on insights relating directly to government behavior affecting economic activity and economic growth in developing countries. It briefly examines each of the following questions: 1) What is “the government”? 2) What is the comparative advantage of government? 3) What are the dynamics of government intervention? 4) Can a positive theory of political behavior be formulated that will help explain when and how alternative policies will evolve in the political arena?

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The Theory of Peasant Economy.

1968-06-01

Maurice Dobb , ALEXANDER CHAYANOV , D. Thorner +2 more

Journal Article A. V. Chayanov. eds., D. Thorner, B. Kerblay and R. E. F. Smith. The Theory of Peasant Economy Get access The Theory of Peasant Economy. By A. V. … Journal Article A. V. Chayanov. eds., D. Thorner, B. Kerblay and R. E. F. Smith. The Theory of Peasant Economy Get access The Theory of Peasant Economy. By A. V. Chayanov. Edited by D. Thorner, B. Kerblay and R. E. F. Smith. (Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin for the American Economic Association, 1966. Pp. lxxvi + 317. $8.00.) Maurice Dobb Maurice Dobb Trinity College, Cambridge. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 78, Issue 310, 1 June 1968, Pages 469–471, https://doi.org/10.2307/2229509 Published: 01 June 1968

The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure.

1965-01-01

Charles M. Elliott , Ester Boserup

A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test

1999-11-01

G. S. Maddala , Shaowen Wu

Rising Global Interest in Farmland

2011-01-10

Klaus Deininger , Derek Byerlee

Principles of Econometrics.

1972-03-01

D. G. Champernowne , Henri Theil

Journal Article Theil (H). Principles of Econometrics Get access Principles of Econometrics. By H. Theil (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1971. Pp. xxxi+ 736. $16.75.) D. G. Champernowne D. G. Champernowne Trinity College, … Journal Article Theil (H). Principles of Econometrics Get access Principles of Econometrics. By H. Theil (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1971. Pp. xxxi+ 736. $16.75.) D. G. Champernowne D. G. Champernowne Trinity College, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 82, Issue 325, 1 March 1972, Pages 222–223, https://doi.org/10.2307/2230222 Published: 01 March 1972

The market for 'lemons': quality uncertainty and the market mechanism

2002-12-18

George A. Akerlof

Artenvielfalt auf Restbauernhof

2018-01-01

Registry-Migration.Gbif.Org

This dataset holds the observations recorded during the GEO Biodiversity Day "Artenvielfalt auf Restbauernhof" in Wiefelstede This dataset holds the observations recorded during the GEO Biodiversity Day "Artenvielfalt auf Restbauernhof" in Wiefelstede

Modelling Potential Crop Growth Processes

1994-01-01

J. Goudriaan , H.H. van Laar

Regional differences in crop production at the level of Slovakia’s districts between 2004 and 2022

2025-06-24

Jana Némethová , Katarína Vilinová , Ľubomír Rybanský | Quaestiones Geographicae

The aim of this study was to analyse the similarity between the districts of Slovakia with regard to the structure of the cropping area of eight crops in each of … The aim of this study was to analyse the similarity between the districts of Slovakia with regard to the structure of the cropping area of eight crops in each of the three periods 2004–2009, 2010–2015 and 2016–2022, and to compare the results between these periods. We used cluster analysis, specifically the k-means method, to analyse similarity. For each district, the average cultivation area of each crop was determined for the periods of years under study. For the similarity of the cropping area structure, we used the percentage share of each crop in the cropping area of the district. The results of the study indicate regional differences in crop production in Slovakia and the identification of two clusters in each period under study. Comparing the profiles of clusters 1 and 2 for the periods we can see a considerable similarity, which indicates the stability of crop cultivation in Slovakia over the last 20 years. In cluster 1, cereals, grain maize and oilseeds gained higher shares of the district’s cropping area. Districts with the most favourable natural conditions for crop production and with higher crop diversification were included in this cluster. Cluster 2 included districts with higher shares of cropping areas of multi-annual fodder crops, potatoes and leguminous crops. The districts are characterised by less favourable soil-climatic conditions for crop cultivation.

Can yield warranties promote farmer practice adoption? Evidence from a two-region pilot study

2025-06-23

Matthew Houser , Kenneth L. Fisher , Kayla Sainato +3 more | Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

The Sources of Slow Declines in Agricultural Nutrient Leakage: Evidence From Sweden

2025-06-19

Julia Wahtra , Holger Johnsson | Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics

ABSTRACT We apply index decomposition methods to decompose nitrogen and phosphorus leakage trends from Swedish arable land. The results show considerable heterogeneity; changes in nutrient pollution coefficients (kg leakage/SEK of … ABSTRACT We apply index decomposition methods to decompose nitrogen and phosphorus leakage trends from Swedish arable land. The results show considerable heterogeneity; changes in nutrient pollution coefficients (kg leakage/SEK of crop value produced) and crop rotations caused leakage to increase in some areas and decrease in others. Crucially, we find only modest pollution‐decreasing technique effects, mainly driven by increased yields rather than reductions in per‐hectare nutrient leakage. We argue that lax regulation of agricultural pollutants is one determining factor behind these results. Despite an increased focus on environmental considerations in agricultural policy, the cost of emitting has remained low.

Improving Financial Access in Rural Areas: Evidence from a Randomized Trial in Spain

2025-06-18

Carlos Sanz , Laura Varela Crespo , Marina Gómez +2 more | AEA Randomized Controlled Trials

Improving Financial Access in Rural Areas: Evidence from a Randomized Trial in Spain

2025-06-18

Carlos Sanz , Laura Varela Crespo , Marina Gómez +2 more | AEA Randomized Controlled Trials

REFORMING THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY (2023 – 2027) – GOALS AND NEW SYSTEM SOLUTIONS –

2025-06-17

Marija Nikolić , Dragica Božić , Ivan Božić | Ekonomika poljoprivrede

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is crucial for ensuring the future of agriculture and the rural development in the EU. The shortcomings of CAP in the previous period, challenges related … The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is crucial for ensuring the future of agriculture and the rural development in the EU. The shortcomings of CAP in the previous period, challenges related to the global economic and geopolitical situation, the increasing need for environmental preservation and the necessity to mitigate climate change have led to CAP reform for 2023-2027. The subject of this study is to analyse the general and specific goals of the new CAP reform, as well as the adopted systemic solutions. The aim is to present the key goals, objectives and elements of the reformed CAP, particularly the most significant innovations – national strategic plans, various forms of direct payments and new environmental solutions within both pillars of CAP. The results show that strategic plans and new system solution provide a good starting point to ensure the fulfilment of the specific needs of EU farmers and rural communities, using CAP measures and instruments set in the strategic framework. The new environmental solutions have caused concern among some EU farmers and are subject to revision.

Unveiling agricultural aversion: Understanding the reluctance towards farming in modern Greek society

2025-06-16

Emmanouil Tziolas , Athanasios Falaras , Georgios Fytianos +1 more | Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales

The European agricultural sector grapples with rural decline, policy complexities, and socio-economic disparities. This study focuses on the challenges facing Greek agriculture, such as lack of state support and societal … The European agricultural sector grapples with rural decline, policy complexities, and socio-economic disparities. This study focuses on the challenges facing Greek agriculture, such as lack of state support and societal complexities. It aims to understand why interest in farming is declining in Greece by integrating insights from European legislation, socio-economic measures, and immigration dynamics. Through a survey of 1,009 respondents, factors such as unstable weather, challenging work conditions, and limited career prospects were identified as deterrents. The study highlights disparities among different groups and emphasizes the need for nuanced policy interventions to revitalize the sector and address worker grievances.

Welfare Analysis of Agricultural Policies

2025-06-16

| World Scientific lecture notes in economics and policy

History of U.S. Agriculture: A Lesson in Development

2025-06-16

| World Scientific lecture notes in economics and policy

The Future of Farming

2025-06-10

Shagufta Praveen , Mazhar Afzal | CRC Press eBooks

H‐<scp>2A</scp> Adverse Effect Wage Rates and U.S. farm wages

2025-06-09

Zachariah Rutledge , Marcelo Del Castillo , Timothy J. Richards +1 more | American Journal of Agricultural Economics

Abstract Recently proposed legislation regarding farm labor would impact the minimum wage for workers with H‐2A visas. Adverse Effect Wage Rates (AEWRs) are regional minimum wages paid to foreign farmworkers … Abstract Recently proposed legislation regarding farm labor would impact the minimum wage for workers with H‐2A visas. Adverse Effect Wage Rates (AEWRs) are regional minimum wages paid to foreign farmworkers working in the United States under the H‐2A temporary agricultural guest worker program. Recent increases in AEWRs have prompted discussions over the methodology and data sources used to compute them, including debates about whether AEWRs should be frozen or capped in the future. Employer and farmworker groups hold opposing views on the desirability and implications of changes to AEWRs. In this paper, we develop a simple theoretical framework that suggests higher AEWRs may induce spillover effects that lead to higher wages for non‐H‐2A farmworkers. Using confidential wage data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey, we test the labor market spillover hypothesis by comparing changes in non‐H‐2A farmworker wages and AEWRs across U.S. regions between 1996 and 2022. Our estimates suggest that a 10% increase in the AEWR causes, at most, a 2.8% increase in the wages of non‐H‐2A farmworkers across the United States. We find that freezing the AEWR for 1 year would reduce the growth of wages paid to non‐H‐2A farmworkers by as much as $475 million. Our analysis suggests that the recent policy proposals could lower labor costs for U.S. farm employers but limit wage growth for non‐H‐2A farmworkers.

Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Law – Legal Aspects of Food Security in Finland

2025-06-02

Erkki J. Hollo | Brill | Nijhoff eBooks

The role of vertical market structure on subsidy incidence: The case of agricultural markets

2025-06-01

Gunnar Heins , Ignacia Mercadal | Economics Letters

Assessment of Agricultural Land Use Prospects Based on a Partial Equilibrium Model

2025-06-01

Anton Strokov , I. Yu. Ryabov , Amina Surpkelova | Studies on Russian Economic Development

Agrarische aanhorigheden anno 2025: happy together?

2025-06-01

J.W.A. Rheinfeld | Tijdschrift voor Agrarisch Recht

The Role of Land-Grant Institutions in Advancing U.S. Agriculture. A review

2025-06-01

Oluwafunmilayo Esther Ajiferukea , Mayowa Joshua Amusanb , Tope Joshua Arayombo | International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews

Site-specific N-application in small-scale arable farming in Germany—Evaluation of trade-offs and synergies of ecological and economic parameters based on a case study

2025-05-29

Rolf Weber , Johannes Munz , J. Braun +1 more | Discover Sustainability

Climate criteria for food system policies: Assessing impacts at the Norwegian, Nordic and EU27+ level

2025-05-27

Bob van Oort , Emil Dæhlin

Abstract The food system plays a central role in global GHG emissions. Trade policies and procurement criteria aimed at different food system processes are important tools that could contribute to … Abstract The food system plays a central role in global GHG emissions. Trade policies and procurement criteria aimed at different food system processes are important tools that could contribute to reducing such emissions. This paper uses an LCA based approach to map combined production-consumption emissions across food system stages and products linked both to consumption, production and export, thus broadening the scope and impact beyond traditional national production analyses. We find that around 70-80% of the national (Norwegian), and regional (Nordics and EU27+ countries) level food system emissions are at the domestic level, and 20-30% come from import products. The production stage and combined post-production stages are dominating emission stages. We then quantify the mitigation effect of single and combined trade policies and procurement criteria at the different geographic levels, emphasizing the benefits of regional collaboration. Finally, the LCA approach and criteria impacts are compared to alternative methodologies to assess uncertainties in the impact of various measures. Despite differences in absolute emissions, especially in the land-use-change and production stages, we find that: 1) Regardless of methodology and baseline used, criteria aiming at consumption change and zero post-production emissions are most powerful, 2) Combined criteria generally promote stronger mitigation effects than single criteria, and 3) Procurement criteria and trade policies can make important contributions to both national and up-stream improvements in the food chain.

The Impact of Government Subsidies on Income Inequality among Farm Households in China: Evidence from CHFS Panel Data

2025-05-26

Leyi Wang , Li Deng , Shi Zheng

Effectively measuring the income-generating effects of government subsidies is an important issue in assessing agricultural policies and implementing precision poverty alleviation. This study utilizes panel data from the China Household … Effectively measuring the income-generating effects of government subsidies is an important issue in assessing agricultural policies and implementing precision poverty alleviation. This study utilizes panel data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) to screen a sample of 13,583 individual residents. We empirically analyze the impact of government subsidies on income inequality among farm households using fixed effects models, quantile regressions, and mediated effects models. Our study found that the following results: (1) The mechanism of subsidy action combines the functions of increasing income and regulating income distribution. Marginal benefits to low-income groups are more obvious. (2) Increasing productive agricultural inputs can reduce the income gap of farmers, which is more significant than the direct subsidy of funds. (3) The incentive effect of subsidies is strongest in the Northeast and weakest in the East. Compared to middle-aged and older farmers, the utility level of the subsidy is stronger in the youth group.

Rationale of Government Policies on Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability: A European Perspective

2025-05-23

Fotios Chatzitheodoridis , Konstantinos Spinthiropoulos , Efstratios Loizou +3 more | Research on World Agricultural Economy

In recent years, the European Union has placed a strong emphasis on the development of government policies that promote agricultural productivity and sustainability. As global challenges such as climate change, … In recent years, the European Union has placed a strong emphasis on the development of government policies that promote agricultural productivity and sustainability. As global challenges such as climate change, resource scarcity, and environmental degradation have continued to pose significant hurdles to EU countries, governments have formulated guidelines in a bid to address food security, economic growth, and the environment. The present study relied on a cross-sectional research design and collected data from 278 stakeholders in the Greek agricultural sector in 2023. These were government subsidies for farming, environmental policies, and public spending on research and development in the agricultural sector. This research confirms that government subsidies positively influence agricultural productivity and provides reliable data on how subsidies facilitate the spread of advanced technology and environmentally friendly farming techniques. In addition, the environment generally benefits agriculture where it is most influential in affecting crop productivity through the improvement of soil health, water quality, and the protection and enhancement of the biological resource base. The government funding for agricultural research is vital for reinforcing innovation, particularly focusing on climate-wise farming and use of digital solutions. The implication for policy is that current EU agricultural policies are multilayered and geared towards meeting both environmental objectives and food production competitiveness. This research fills the gap in knowledge on the EU agriculture and can serve as a guideline for further reforms in Europe and in the rest of the world.

Trends and Factors Affecting Consumption of Fertilizer in Australia: The Moderating Role of Agri R&D Investment

2025-05-22

Khairul Alom , Delwar Akbar , Cheng‐Yuan Xu +1 more

The Australian agriculture sector currently relies on imported fertilizers, which poses risks to price stability and increases the potential for supply chain disruptions. This study aims to investigate the trends … The Australian agriculture sector currently relies on imported fertilizers, which poses risks to price stability and increases the potential for supply chain disruptions. This study aims to investigate the trends and factors affecting fertilizer consumption in Australia, considering the moderating effects of agricultural GDP and agri R&D expenditure. The econometric models, including ARDL bound tests, Granger causality tests, and FMOLS, were used to analyze quarterly data from 2000 to 2023. The findings confirm that a significant long-run relationship exists among the variables of agricultural GDP, crop production, arable land, agricultural export–import ratio, and agricultural R&D expenditure. The moderating effects of agricultural GDP and agricultural R&D expenditure on fertilizer consumption were also found to be significant. The Granger causality test results indicate that bidirectional causality exists between agricultural GDP and fertilizer consumption, arable land and fertilizer consumption, employment and fertilizer consumption, and the export–import ratio and fertilizer consumption. The findings from the robustness checks confirm that all variables are co-integrated with fertilizer consumption. Thus, policymakers are advised to prioritize investment in agricultural R&D to promote sustainable fertilizer consumption and enhance agricultural value addition in Australia.

Enhancing Agricultural Forecasting

2025-05-21

Siwa Kaewplang , Akkarapon Chaiyana , Rattana Hormwichian +6 more

Comparison of gross output and final demand of industry agriculture, hunting, forestry in the Baltic states and Finland

2025-05-21

Ilze Balode , Andrejs Jaunzems | Engineering for Rural Development

The actual scientific problem of national economy arising from practical managerial needs is to discover the implicit inter-industry marginal relations between components of the net output and components of the … The actual scientific problem of national economy arising from practical managerial needs is to discover the implicit inter-industry marginal relations between components of the net output and components of the gross output of industries taking in account revenues and expenditures of industries. The goal of this paper is to highlight the application possibilities of the input-output analysis for theoretical investigations and for managerial needs. Methodical innovation the marginal analysis under selected ceteris paribus constraints in various mixed forms is offered. In order to demonstrate the offered method in action, as the object of the research the industry “Agriculture, hunting, forestry” in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland was selected. The mathematical tool of the offered method is the Gauss-Jordan elimination or pivot transformation of the linear systems derived from the input-output model, which allows to calculate large sets of marginal economic indicators. It should be noted that each number in these linear systems contains important economical information that could be useful for comparative statics and managerial decision making. Some of marginal indicators discovered trough the offered input-output analysis are well-known and already used traditionally, but for all that thanks to pivot transformation realized in the various mixed forms create new indicators that usually are not immediately apparent in simple linear systems but are revealed step by step.

Überlegungen zum Schubart-Preis der Stadt Aalen

2025-05-20

Gerhard Storz

Uncorking success: an analysis of revenue determinants in the Italian wine sector across farm sizes

2025-05-20

Elena Perucchini , Chiara Mazzocchi , Stefano Corsi

Over the past few decades, Italy's wine industry has shifted from producing low-value, local wines to a modern sector that meets both domestic and international demand, with exports reaching €8 … Over the past few decades, Italy's wine industry has shifted from producing low-value, local wines to a modern sector that meets both domestic and international demand, with exports reaching €8 billion in 2023, second only to France. Despite these achievements, the sector faces challenges such as rising production costs, climate change, and a need for enhanced sustainability, particularly affecting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This paper investigates the key determinants of profitability across different farm sizes within the Italian wine sector, emphasizing the role of farm size in shaping financial performance. Using data from the RICA database (2008-2021), the study employs a random-effects regression model to assess the impact of various structural, management, and control variables on wine farm revenues. Findings highlight that large farms benefit more from mechanization, diversification, and the production of processed products, whereas small farms see greater gains from organic farming, direct sales, and agritourism. Furthermore, younger entrepreneurs positively affect small farms, while ownership of land has a negative impact on revenues across all farm sizes. EU subsidies consistently enhance revenues for all farm sizes, with a stronger effect for smaller farms. The study concludes that tailored management strategies, access to financial support, and regional specificities (such as mountainous areas) are crucial for enhancing the profitability and resilience of wine businesses in Italy, particularly small farms.

Relationship between crop diversification and farm efficiency: Does farm size matter?

2025-05-16

Toho Hien

Abstract Crop diversification has gained interest due to its role in climate change adaptation. While previous studies have focused on farm productivity and income variability, this study examines the relationship … Abstract Crop diversification has gained interest due to its role in climate change adaptation. While previous studies have focused on farm productivity and income variability, this study examines the relationship between crop diversification and farm performance, considering farm size, socio-economic status and location. Using French Farm Accountancy Data Network data from 2010 to 2022, we analyse 19,822 observations from 3,246 crop-focused farms. Results show that small farms benefit from crop diversification, while large farms face income challenges from diversification. Additionally, crop diversification increases the efficiency of larger farms. The results highlight the need for flexible policies to balance economic viability with environmental objectives.

Land Use Policy and Food Security

2025-05-16