Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations

World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact

Works Count: 32965

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This cluster of papers covers a wide range of topics related to the global impact of World Wars, international relations, League of Nations, cultural memory, military history, colonialism, humanitarianism, gender roles, and psychological trauma. It explores the interconnectedness of these themes and their significance in shaping the modern world.

Keywords

World War; International Relations; Global Impact; League of Nations; Cultural Memory; Military History; Colonialism; Humanitarianism; Gender Roles; Psychological Trauma

Touch and Intimacy in First World War Literature

2006-04-06

Santanu Das

The First World War ravaged the male body on an unprecedented scale, yet fostered moments of physical intimacy and tenderness among the soldiers in the trenches. Touch, the most elusive … The First World War ravaged the male body on an unprecedented scale, yet fostered moments of physical intimacy and tenderness among the soldiers in the trenches. Touch, the most elusive and private of the senses, became central to war experience. War writing is haunted by experiences of physical contact: from the muddy realities of the front to the emotional intensity of trench life, to the traumatic obsession with the wounded body in nurses' memoirs. Through extensive archival and historical research, analysing previously unknown letters and diaries alongside literary writings by figures such as Owen and Brittain, Santanu Das recovers the sensuous world of the First World War trenches and hospitals. This original and evocative study alters our understanding of the period as well as of the body at war, and illuminates the perilous intimacy between sense experience, emotion and language as we try to make meaning in times of crisis.

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Race, Empire and First World War Writing

2011-04-28

Santanu Das

This volume brings together an international cast of scholars from a variety of fields to examine the racial and colonial aspects of the First World War, and show how issues … This volume brings together an international cast of scholars from a variety of fields to examine the racial and colonial aspects of the First World War, and show how issues of race and empire shaped its literature and culture. The global nature of the First World War is fast becoming the focus of intense enquiry. This book analyses European discourses about colonial participation and recovers the war experience of different racial, ethnic and national groups, including the Chinese, Vietnamese, Indians, Maori, West Africans and Jamaicans. It also investigates testimonial and literary writings, from war diaries and nursing memoirs to Irish, New Zealand and African American literature, and analyses processes of memory and commemoration in the former colonies and dominions. Drawing upon archival, literary and visual material, the book provides a compelling account of the conflict's reverberations in Europe and its empires and reclaims the multiracial dimensions of war memory.

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British Foreign Policy in the Second World War

1971-12-01

M. A. Fitzsimons , Llewellyn Woodward

Britain's war machine: weapons, resources, and experts in the Second World War

2012-04-01

David Edgerton

This title was selected for Guardian books of the year. The familiar image of the British in the Second World War is that of the plucky underdog taking on German … This title was selected for Guardian books of the year. The familiar image of the British in the Second World War is that of the plucky underdog taking on German might. David Edgerton's bold, compelling new history shows the conflict in a new light, with Britain as a very wealthy country, formidable in arms, ruthless in pursuit of its interests and sitting at the heart of a global production system. The British, indeed Churchillian, vision of war and modernity was challenged by repeated defeat by less well equipped enemies. Yet the end result was a vindication of this vision. Like the United States, a powerful Britain won a cheap victory, while others paid a great price. Britain's War Machine, by putting resources, machines and experts at the heart of a global rather than merely imperial story, demolishes some of the most cherished myths about wartime Britain and gives us a very different and often unsettling picture of a great power in action.

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A war imagined: the First World War and English culture

1991-12-01

Samuel Hynes

Between the opulent Edwardian years and the 1920s, between the England of Pomp and Circumstance, the first Post-Impressionist show and Man and Superman and the England of The Land, Facade … Between the opulent Edwardian years and the 1920s, between the England of Pomp and Circumstance, the first Post-Impressionist show and Man and Superman and the England of The Land, Facade and The Green Hat, World War I opens like a gap in history, separating one world of beliefs and values from another, and changing not only the map of Europe, but the ways in which men and women imagined reality itself. Because of the war, England after the war was a different place: the arts were different; history was different; sex, society, class were all different. Samuel Hynes records the process of that transformation of the English imagination, from the war's beginning, through crises and disasters, into post-war England with its disillusionment, social fragmentation and Waste Land spirit. He draws not only on the major literary texts of those years, but on newspaper and magazine writings, paintings, music, parliamentary debates, films, personal diaries and letters. From this store of contemporary records comes a portrayal of the great change that the war forced upon English imaginations, and of the cultural consequences.

Dynamic of destruction: culture and mass killing in the First World War

2008-06-01

Alan Kramer

1. The Burning of Louvain 2. The Radicalization of Warfare 3. The Warriors 4. German Singularity? 5. Culture and War 6. Trench Warfare and its Consequences 7. War, bodies, and … 1. The Burning of Louvain 2. The Radicalization of Warfare 3. The Warriors 4. German Singularity? 5. Culture and War 6. Trench Warfare and its Consequences 7. War, bodies, and minds 8. Victory or trauma? Conclusion Historiographical Note Bibliography

'Enemy Aliens' and 'Silk Stocking Girls': The Class Politics of Internment in the Drive for Urban Order during World War I

2017-10-02

David M. Kennedy

Considers the implications of America's involvement in World War I for intellectuals, minorities, politicians, and economists. Considers the implications of America's involvement in World War I for intellectuals, minorities, politicians, and economists.

Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World

2004-01-01

David G. Haglund , Margaret MacMillan

Margaret MacMillanNew York: Random House, 2003. xxxi, 570pp, $25.95 paper (ISBN 0-375-76052-0)This book has garnered wide praise since its original publication in the United Kingdom in 2001, under the title … Margaret MacMillanNew York: Random House, 2003. xxxi, 570pp, $25.95 paper (ISBN 0-375-76052-0)This book has garnered wide praise since its original publication in the United Kingdom in 2001, under the title of Peacemakers. No one who reads Professor MacMillan's comprehensive, balanced and elegant treatment of the peace negotiations that ended the First World War should have any reason to dispute its praiseworthiness. Nor could there be much to object to in the subtitle: these were, indeed, six months that changed the world, and the changes continue to be felt down to this moment.I will leave it to the historians of the Paris peace settlement to judge how this book will stack up against the large body of scholarship on the topic; suffice it to say that the political scientist in me would be somewhat dismayed, and very surprised, were practitioners of the senior discipline not to deem MacMillan's account of what went on at Paris to be among the best works published in English (or any other language, for that matter). My own judgements are necessarily coloured by a disciplinary bias in favour of usable history, and for political scientists and specialists in international relations there is so much value in Paris 1919 that it would take more space than have available here to do full justice to it.So let me highlight a few of my reasons for liking this book. First, MacMillan is a superb writer, with an effective, nuanced, way of making her point, economically and often with just the right injection of humour. For example, when commenting upon the delight shown by the Lebanese Christians and the French that the latter should be rediscovering the Levant, she observes that the Maronites not only claimed a lengthy historical relationship with France (viz., the Crusades), but that, important perhaps, they admired French culture almost as much as the French themselves (p 392).Nor is it only her own bons mots that so enliven this book; MacMillan is wonderful at reproducing some of the most priceless verbal gems of the peacemakers, one of whom, David Lloyd George, happened to be her great-grandfather. Testifying to his own, and to the peacemakers' general, ignorance of central and eastern European affairs, the British prime minister commented apropos the question of Polish frontiers with Ukraine, I only saw a Ukrainian once. It is the last Ukrainian have seen, and am not sure that want to see any more. Lloyd George most certainly saw more than he wished of his French counterpart, Georges Clemenceau, of whom he memorably remarked that [h]e loved France but hated all Frenchmen (p 30). …

Of Time and Partisan Stability

1969-07-01

Philip E. Converse

Modernism, History and the First World War

1999-06-01

Andrew J. Kunka

Reviewed by: Modernism, History and the First World War Andrew J. Kunka Trudi Tate. Modernism, History and the First World War. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1998. viii + 196 pp. Trudi … Reviewed by: Modernism, History and the First World War Andrew J. Kunka Trudi Tate. Modernism, History and the First World War. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1998. viii + 196 pp. Trudi Tate recently has made a significant contribution to the study of World War I literature through editing the anthology Women, Men and the Great War and co-editing with Suzanne Raitt the essay collection Women’s Fiction and the Great War. In the introduction to Women’s Fiction and the Great War, Tate and Raitt raise issues about the direction in which literary criticism dealing with warfare should be heading: “It is easy to apply metaphors of crisis and warfare to every aspect of the Great War, including gender, but an approach which is sensitive only to drama and to violence actually misses much of what the war and its writings were about.” Although Women’s Fiction and the Great War focuses on issues of gender and warfare, Raitt and Tate criticize the oppositional logic that has dominated much of the past criticism of Great War literature. Trudi Tate extends this criticism in Modernism, History and the First World War. In her introduction, she distances herself from the limitations of the problematically narrow focus of past critics: “[G]ender is only one aspect of subjectivity and of writing, and this book tries to develop a broader view. [. . . W]e should perhaps be concerned that gender has, paradoxically, become a rather depoliticized focus for reading our culture and its history. It does not seem helpful to treat gender as the final point of inquiry, as if it provided the answers to questions about the war.” Though Tate does address issues of gender [End Page 516] in this study, she clearly moves away from the tradition of examining opposition in war criticism by studying texts by male and female authors; English, French, German, and American authors; “pro- and anti-war writers; civilians, combatants, and a civilian who pretended to have been a combatant.” These writers include HD, Ford Madox Ford, Rudyard Kipling, Henri Barbusse, Edmund Blunden, D. H. Lawrence, William Faulkner, Erich Maria Remarque, and Virginia Woolf, as well as the psychoanalysts Sigmund Freud and Melanie Klein. Tate’s approach involves a combination of new-historicist, trauma, and psychoanalytic theories to examine how these writers “bear witness to the trauma of the war and its consequences.” Tate divides the study into three sections: “Witness to War,” “Corporeal Fantasies,” and “War and Politics.” “Witness to War” begins by examining how noncombatants in works by HD and in Rudyard Kipling’s short story “Mary Postgate” not only witness the war, but also experience traumatic responses to it. This chapter combines readings of HD’s and Kipling’s texts with analyses of wartime psychological and political texts, such as articles from the medical journal The Lancet and the 1922 War Office report on shell shock. Through these texts, Tate argues for the validity of a civilian war neurosis—a kind of shell shock suffered by noncombatants on the home front who either had direct experience with the war (as does the title character of Kipling’s story, who silently allows a wounded German pilot to die in her own back yard) or had traumatic responses to the news of the war. The works by HD examined here, Tate points out, “suggest a direct relationship between violent public events and the private lives of civilians during wartime; for HD, civilians, like soldiers, could suffer from crippling war neuroses.” For example, in HD’s story “Kora and Ka,” John Helforth suffers from the symptoms of war neurosis—“hallucinations, a sense of dissociation, loss of certainty about his sexual identity,” yet “his distress arises not from battle experience, but from the lack of it.” The example of John Helforth in particular helps to discredit the notion that all men shared a single, unified reaction to the war experience, and HD’s work in general destabilizes the idea that male and female experiences of the war were in opposition to one another. This extension of the study of war neurosis into civilian lives is of great use to the future study of Great War literature, partially collapsing the differences between...

The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity.

1999-03-01

Patricia E. Rubertone , Jill Lepore

“When I came to the place, i found an house burnt downe, and six persons killed, and three of the same family could not be found. An old Man and … “When I came to the place, i found an house burnt downe, and six persons killed, and three of the same family could not be found. An old Man and Woman were halfe in, and halfe out of the house neer halfe burnt. Their owne Son was shot through the body, and also his head dashed in pieces. This young mans Wife was dead, her head skined.” The young woman . . . “was bigg with Child,” and two of her children, “haveing their heads dashed in pieces,” were found “laid by one another with their bellys to the ground, and an Oake planke laid upon their backs.” The three missing family members . . . had been taken captive.3

Rites of spring: the Great War and the birth of the Modern Age

1989-10-01

Modris Eksteins

Dismembering the Male: Men's Bodies, Britain and the Great War.

1997-02-01

Margaret H. Darrow , Joanna Bourke

Book synopsis: That notions of femininity were seriously disrupted during the First World War has become obvious in recent years. But what happened to masculinity at the same time? Based … Book synopsis: That notions of femininity were seriously disrupted during the First World War has become obvious in recent years. But what happened to masculinity at the same time? Based on letters, diaries and oral histories, Dismembering the Male explores the impact of the ‘war to end all wars’ on the male body. Joanna Bourke argues convincingly that military experiences led to a greater sharing of gender identities between men of different classes and ages. She concludes that attempts to construct a new type of masculinity failed as the threat of another war, and with it the sacrifice of a new generation of men, intensified.

Women's fiction of the Second World War: gender, power and resistance

1997-03-01

Gill Plain

Introduction - business as usual, making sense, engendering war. Part 1 Prelude to war - introduction Dorothy L. Sayers Stevie Smith Virginia Woolf (The Years). Part 2 Weathering the storm … Introduction - business as usual, making sense, engendering war. Part 1 Prelude to war - introduction Dorothy L. Sayers Stevie Smith Virginia Woolf (The Years). Part 2 Weathering the storm - introduction Virginia Woolf (Between the Acts) Naomi Mitchison Elizabeth Bowen.

The Great War and Modern Memory

2017-10-02

Paul Fussell

s The Great War and Modern Memory.It is a book which First World War literary scholars and historians return to obsessively, with a mixture of admiration and irritation.The admiration is … s The Great War and Modern Memory.It is a book which First World War literary scholars and historians return to obsessively, with a mixture of admiration and irritation.The admiration is for the way in which Fussell pioneered thinking about the war in terms of its impact on cultural history, rather than in terms of its military or geopolitical significance; his attention to literary detail; and the emotional intensity of his argument, both moving and sobering.The irritation flows from his narrow interpretation of the conflict; his sub-Northrop Fryean mode of literary analysis

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No Man's Land: Combat and Identity in World War I

1982-01-01

Ransom J. Arthur , Eric J. Leed

Consensus and Ideology in American Politics

1964-06-01

Herbert McClosky

The belief that consensus is a prerequisite of democracy has, since deTocqueville, so often been taken for granted that it is refreshing to find the notion now being challenged. Prothro … The belief that consensus is a prerequisite of democracy has, since deTocqueville, so often been taken for granted that it is refreshing to find the notion now being challenged. Prothro and Grigg, for example, have questioned whether agreement on “fundamentals” actually exists among the electorate, and have furnished data which indicate that it may not. Dahl, reviewing his study of community decision-makers, has inferred that political stability does not depend upon widespread belief in the superiority of democratic norms and procedures, but only upon their acceptance . From the findings turned up by Stouffer, and by Prothro and Grigg, he further conjectures that agreement on democratic norms is greater among the politically active and aware—the “political stratum” as he calls them—than among the voters in general. V. O. Key, going a step further, suggests that the viability of a democracy may depend less upon popular opinion than upon the activities and values of an “aristocratic” strain whose members are set off from the mass by their political influence, their attention to public affairs, and their active role as society's policy makers. “If so, any assessment of the vitality of a democratic system should rest on an examination of the outlook, the sense of purpose, and the beliefs of this sector of society.”

The Origins of the Second World War

1971-01-01

Esmonde M. Robertson

<JATS1:p>Major international experts offer new interpretations of the key aspects of the origins of the Second World War. Many major world events have occurred since the last key anniversary of … <JATS1:p>Major international experts offer new interpretations of the key aspects of the origins of the Second World War. Many major world events have occurred since the last key anniversary of the beginning of the Second World War, and these events have had a dramatic impact on the international stage: 9/11, the Iraq War, climate change and the world economic crisis. This is an opportune moment to bring together a group of major international experts who will offer a series of new interpretations of the key aspects of the origins of the Second World War. Each chapter is based on original archival research and written by scholars who are all leading experts in their fields. This is a truly international collection of articles, with wide breadth and scope, which includes contributions from historians, and also political scientists, gender theorists, and international relations experts. This is an important contribution to scholarly debate on one of the most important events of the 20th century and a subject of major interest to the general reader, historians, students and researchers, policy makers and conflict prevention experts.</JATS1:p>

Some Reflections on British Policy, 1939–45

1955-07-01

Llewellyn Woodward

Some Reflections on British Policy, 1939–45 Llewellyn Woodward Llewellyn Woodward Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 31, Issue 3, July 1955, … Some Reflections on British Policy, 1939–45 Llewellyn Woodward Llewellyn Woodward Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 31, Issue 3, July 1955, Pages 273–290, https://doi.org/10.2307/2607254 Published: 01 July 1955

Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars.

1988-11-01

Leila J. Rupp , Margaret R. Higonnet , Jane Jenson +2 more

Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War

1990-06-01

Arthur M. Schlesinger , Paul Fussell

The Second World War has been romanticized almost beyond recognition by 'the sentimental, the loony patriotic, the ignorant, and the bloodthirsty.' In this readable and penetrating study, Paul Fussell goes … The Second World War has been romanticized almost beyond recognition by 'the sentimental, the loony patriotic, the ignorant, and the bloodthirsty.' In this readable and penetrating study, Paul Fussell goes behind the familiar diplomacy and heroics of history to examine the blunders, petty tyrannies, inconveniences, and deprivations that are many British and American people's memory of the War. There are lively sections on the role of drinking, tobacco, and sex in the war and on the home front; on propaganda; about writers and magazines who recorded the war or who attempted to keep aloft literary standards in a difficult time; on wartime slang and graphic recollections of the nightmare of combat. Written with a keen intelligence and deep emotion, Wartime is a worthy companion to Fussell's The Great War And Modern Memory , which won an American National Book Award and the National Critics Circle prize.

The First World War

1999-01-01

Eliot A. Cohen , John Keegan

Rites of Spring: The Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age.

1990-12-01

Alice Goldfarb Marquis , Modris Eksteins

The Deluge: British Society and the First World War

1966-01-01

HRW , Arthur Marwick

The Generation of 1914

1979-12-31

Robert Wohl

The Twenty Years’ Crisis, 1919–1939

1946-01-01

E. H. Carr

The Ideology of the Offensive: Military Decision Making and the Disasters of 1914

1986-12-01

Allan K. Wildman , Jack Snyder

Journal of Military History

2017-10-02

John E. Jessup , Robert W. Coakley

Romancing the Past

1993-12-31

Gabrielle M. Spiegel

Germany's Aims in the First World War.

1968-10-01

Harold J. Gordon , Fritz Fischer

Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House: A Personality Study

1957-07-01

Charles A. Jellison , Alexander L. George , Juliette L. George

Rites of Spring: The Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age

1990-02-01

Arden Bucholz , Modris Eksteins

The Government Policy of Protector Somerset

1975-01-01

M. L. Bush

Presiding Officer, 1789–1914

2025-06-27

| Cambridge University Press eBooks

Leaders and Whips, 1913–1924

2025-06-27

| Cambridge University Press eBooks

Divergent Paths and the Consolidation of Leadership Structures, 1923–1944

2025-06-27

| Cambridge University Press eBooks

Trickeries and Broken Promises

2025-06-25

| Cambridge University Press eBooks

The national World War One memorial

2025-06-24

Gordon J. Alt | Sculpture, monuments and open space.

The Second World War

2025-06-23

Susan Cannon Harris | Cambridge University Press eBooks

The Fires of Moloch

2025-06-20

Timothy Larsen | Oxford University Press eBooks

Abstract Britain lost more lives in World War One than in any other conflict in its entire history. During one of the Great War’s bloodiest battles, Passchendaele, seventeen Church of … Abstract Britain lost more lives in World War One than in any other conflict in its entire history. During one of the Great War’s bloodiest battles, Passchendaele, seventeen Church of England clergymen serving as temporary military chaplains contributed to The Church in the Furnace (1917). They sought to explain how the Church needed to change in the light of the war. Their thoughts were considered radical, and their prose hard-hitting. They demanded significant and immediate reforms. These padres lived through the horrors of 1914–18. Some were wounded, some were gassed. Some were awarded the Military Cross, the Distinguished Service Order, or other honours. They decided that the war was meaningless, but if they could only do something important that truly mattered after the war then the fallen would not have died in vain: they could make their deaths retrospectively meaningful. The Fires of Moloch is a group biography of a generation that endured two world wars, a generation that lived from the Victorian age to the atomic age. Their brothers died in the First World War; their sons in the Second World War. Many of them went on to become bishops and thus to feel the burden of leading rather than merely criticizing. They sought to find a cause worthy of the sacrifices in the fields and trenches of France and Flanders, whether it was social reform, the League of Nations, ecumenism, improved housing, prayer, pacifism, or something else. They had gone through the fire and had been changed.

Restoring the Primacy of Army Mobilization Planning: Lessons from the Interwar Period (1919–41)

2025-06-18

Thomas Devine | The US Army War College Quarterly Parameters

“He was penetrated like a woman”: the evolution of a Companion report

2025-06-17

Sara Omar | Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies

Abstract This study examines the historical evolution of a Companion report detailing the burning of an unnamed man as punishment for assuming the passive role in male–male anal intercourse ( … Abstract This study examines the historical evolution of a Companion report detailing the burning of an unnamed man as punishment for assuming the passive role in male–male anal intercourse ( liwāṭ ). The genesis of this sexual passivity report can be traced back to an earlier incident involving Abū Bakr, in which the apostate al-Fujāʾa al-Salamī (d. 11/632) was executed by being burned alive for multiple offences, including apostasy, betrayal, and the slaughter of Muslims. This study investigates the transformation of the apostasy report into one specifically addressing male sexual passivity, analysing how these two accounts converged over time. It explores both the mechanisms and motivations behind their evolution into a punitive report focused on burning a man for his passive sexual role in liwāṭ . Additionally, it considers potential reasons for the development of this report, including the possibility that the phrase “he was penetrated like a woman” was initially used as a rhetorical insult directed at the apostate al-Fujāʾa, but gradually evolved in later sources into an association with the crime for which an unnamed man was purportedly punished with burning.

Prologue: The Cavalry Isn’t Coming

2025-06-17

| The MIT Press eBooks

On the choice of venue for the Tehran Conference of 1943

2025-06-17

Rustem Narimovich Chanyshev , Roman V. Penkovtsev , D. R. Sharafuddinov | Učënye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Seriâ Gumanitarnye nauki/Učenye zapiski Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriâ Gumanitarnye nauki/Učenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Seriâ Gumanitarnye nauki

The Tehran Conference had the utmost significance for the Allied military strategy in World War II and decided the fate of the post-war world order for generations to come. It … The Tehran Conference had the utmost significance for the Allied military strategy in World War II and decided the fate of the post-war world order for generations to come. It was a critical juncture, a bifurcation point, in the course of international relations. This article examines the situation in which the meeting between the three Allied powers took place. In line with the systematic approach to global realities, two main stages can be distinguished in the development of world diplomacy during the first half of the 20th century: in the aftermath of World War I and following World War II. In this light, the Tehran Conference is seen as a symbolic bridge from the unstable Versailles–Washington system, with its ineffective League of Nations, to the emerging global bipolarity. It was also the moment when the United Nations, a valid arena for navigating global issues, came into being. It is concluded that a better understanding of how the Allied conferences were organized and the wartime interactions proceeded gives access to a clearer vision of the historical milestones that determined the evolution of international relations in the 20th century and continue to influence global political dynamics. The complexities in the organization of the Tehran Conference are discussed. The Soviet Union’s role in selecting the venue and ensuring the safety of the event is defined.

World War II: The Impacts on Female Figures in Movies

2025-06-13

Yongxi Huang | Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media

This paper discusses the impact of World War II on the depiction of female figure in film industry, particularly how womens social expectancy is reflected in turns of movie. During … This paper discusses the impact of World War II on the depiction of female figure in film industry, particularly how womens social expectancy is reflected in turns of movie. During World War II, women were encouraged to enter the workforce, leading to portrayals of independent female figures, but post-war movies reverted to traditional domestic ideals. By analyzing both pre-war and post-war films, this study examines the depicted women figure showed in film industry before World War II and after. The films Mr. Deeds Goes to Town and Its a Wonderful Life were chosen to be examine since they do not embody any sexism ideologies. The analysis reveals that the female expectancy and social roles surprisingly retrograded back to traditional domestic character. While in pre-war movie Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, there is independent business woman like Babe Bennett, all the female characters in Its a Wonderful Life remain traditionally portrayed as housewives. These findings suggest that independent powerful women figure was not a enduring image and underscore that the influence of World War II on womens figure in films is over evaluated.

The legacy of the Iraq War in U.S. politics

2025-06-10

Kelly McHugh | Critical Military Studies

Operation Tracer: British Secret Eyes in the Rock

2025-06-02

Afifa Mehboob , Hafiza Sahar Saeed | Social science review archives.

This research examines Operation Tracer, a covert British Intelligence initiative during World War II, designed to ensure continuous surveillance in Gibraltar if it were occupied by Axis forces. By embedding … This research examines Operation Tracer, a covert British Intelligence initiative during World War II, designed to ensure continuous surveillance in Gibraltar if it were occupied by Axis forces. By embedding a team of operatives within a concealed observation post inside the Rock of Gibraltar, Operation Tracer exemplified the fusion of strategic foresight, technological innovation, and psychological endurance in intelligence planning. Through an analysis of the operation’s design, including threat perception, vulnerability assessment, operational secrecy, and data collection tools, the study demonstrates how Tracer served as a mode for preventive intelligence operations, even though it was never activated. The research further situates Operation Tracer within broader intelligence frameworks by highlighting its contribution to the development of “stay-behind” networks during the Cold War and its symbolic value as a strategic deterrent. Ultimately, this study argues that the true success of Operation Tracer lies not in activation, but in its meticulous planning, which reflects Britain’s wartime ethos of resilience and commitment to maintaining intelligence capabilities in the face of uncertainty

Gallipoli 1915

2025-06-01

| Berghahn Books

Memories and Narratives of War

2025-05-31

Nakaya Izumi | The Korean Journal of Japanology

Knightly memories: remembering and reinventing the military orders in Britain

2025-05-29

Rory MacLellan | Crusades

The British police and home food production in the great war: police as ploughmen, 1917-1918

2025-05-28

David Cox | Policing & Society

Culture wars

2025-05-28

Martin McCauley | Routledge eBooks

World War II

2025-05-27

Ian Birchall | BRILL eBooks

Ending Malign Neglect

2025-05-27

Sounds of Captivity: Prisoner-of-War Recordings in the First World War

2025-05-27

BRIAN FAIRLEY

Before a cyberattack in October 2023 knocked out most of the British Library’s online resources, audible voices from the First World War were only a click away: sixty-six British soldiers, … Before a cyberattack in October 2023 knocked out most of the British Library’s online resources, audible voices from the First World War were only a click away: sixty-six British soldiers, recorded in prisoner-of-war camps in Germany between 1915 and 1918, all reciting the biblical parable of the Prodigal Son. 1 In their erstwhile digital home, these recordings sat alongside other surveys of English accents and dialects, offering a taste of the variety and richness of vernacular speech across the British Isles before the influence of radio and television began to iron out regional idiosyncrasies. In the prevailing mood of historical curiosity and uncanny self-recognition surrounding these recordings — English used to sound like that ? — little attention was paid either to the conditions of captivity that shaped these men’s lives or to the scholarly project that produced these sounds. Recordings of English speech, in fact, made up only a small fraction of the massive wartime output of the Prussian Phonographic Commission, an interdisciplinary team of German scholars who conducted anthropological, linguistic, and musicological research on soldiers and internees from Allied countries and their colonial territories. In total, some 2600 sound recordings, comprising speech, song, and instrumental music, were made in German POW camps or nearby recording studios (Lange, p. 70). Forgotten or ignored for the better part of a century, the recordings held today in institutions in Berlin and Vienna have been the subject of increased critical attention over the past fifteen years. 2 Thanks to this work, we are getting closer to understanding one of the most ambitious yet fatally flawed research projects in the history of world music.

In The Shadow of War

2025-05-27

Ian Birchall | BRILL eBooks

Chapter 22 Life during the War

2025-05-24

3 Inscribing Visions, Ancestral Skins

2025-05-24

1 Evading Capture, Slowing Down

2025-05-24

CHAPTER 8 The Cells of Johnny Eager

2025-05-24

Mark Osteen

“How the steel was tempered”

2025-05-22

Bartłomiej Kapica

‘It’s got to be a people’s war’

2025-05-20

Charlie McGuire

The Modern Expression of Anti-War Ideology: The Multidimensional Artistic Presentation of the “Fear” Segment in Eason Chan’s “Fear and Dreams” Concert

2025-05-20

Yunning Wang

This paper analyzes the artistic presentation of the &ldquo;Fear&rdquo; segment in Eason Chan&rsquo;s &ldquo;Fear and Dreams&rdquo; concert to explore the modern expression of anti-war ideology. It further integrates Ulrich Beck&rsquo;s … This paper analyzes the artistic presentation of the &ldquo;Fear&rdquo; segment in Eason Chan&rsquo;s &ldquo;Fear and Dreams&rdquo; concert to explore the modern expression of anti-war ideology. It further integrates Ulrich Beck&rsquo;s theory of risk society and Mark Fisher&rsquo;s critique of capitalist realism for a deeper discussion. Ulrich Beck&rsquo;s theory of risk society reveals the increasing uncertainty and risks faced by modern society in the context of globalization and technological advancement. This uncertainty is powerfully conveyed in the concert through striking stage design and lyrics, expressing anxiety and fear about the future. Mark Fisher&rsquo;s critique of capitalist realism focuses on how capitalism shapes individual ideologies. The sense of fear expressed in Chan&rsquo;s songs serves as a reflection and critique of this reality, revealing how individual freedom is oppressed in capitalist societies. Overall, through multidimensional artistic techniques, Eason Chan deconstructs the emotion of &ldquo;Fear,&rdquo; forming a modern expression of anti-war ideology that encourages the audience to deeply reflect on the mechanisms of fear and control in contemporary society.

War and Post-War 1939–48

2025-05-20

Michael Kelly

‘We won the battle. We lost the war.’

2025-05-20

C. Kent McGuire

THE VICTORY DAY PARADE: AN EPILOGUE

2025-05-18

Fyodor Lukyanov | Current Digest of the Russian Press The

“Time to die many times”: Negotiating Time in Letters between Couples during the First World War

2025-05-16

Carol Acton

For young couples separated during the First World War, letters would become the primary means of maintaining their relationship. The narrative of time, both the subjective experience of time and … For young couples separated during the First World War, letters would become the primary means of maintaining their relationship. The narrative of time, both the subjective experience of time and the constant awareness of clock time, is strikingly visible throughout a range of correspondence and is central to how these writers negotiate their relationship through years of separation. This paper explores how the pain of separation was measured through time, as writers express the tensions between present separation, where letters construct the intimacy that was denied the couples in actuality, an idealized past togetherness, and a future time when war, and their separation, would be over. Yet these correspondents were not naïve enough to assume a future. Their lives were suspended: any future was conditional and precarious. Narrating their time together on a past leave, or fantasizing about a future, or using clock time as a point of intimate contact when they agreed on a particular time of the evening when each would think of the other, offered ways to contend with the precarity they are forced to face. Written to defy time, these letters are a legacy that allow us to enter the painful immediacy of that wartime experience.

National Identity, Democracy, and Cohesion in the British Imperial Forces

2025-05-15

Queen Messiah

2025-05-15

Elisa Klapheck | Brill | Schöningh eBooks