Social Sciences Gender Studies

Gender Roles and Identity Studies

Description

This cluster of papers explores the constructions of masculinity, gender identity, and their influence on men's well-being. It delves into topics such as health behaviors, help seeking, mental health, gender role norms, femininities, intersectionality, and social constructionism.

Keywords

Masculinity; Gender Identity; Health Behaviors; Help Seeking; Gender Development; Mental Health; Gender Role Norms; Femininities; Intersectionality; Social Constructionism

Acknowledgements Introduction: No Turning Back I. African Americans and the New Racism 1. Why Black Sexual Politics? 2. The Past Is Ever Present: Recognizing the New Racism 3.Prisons for Our … Acknowledgements Introduction: No Turning Back I. African Americans and the New Racism 1. Why Black Sexual Politics? 2. The Past Is Ever Present: Recognizing the New Racism 3.Prisons for Our Bodies, Closets for Our Minds: Racism, Heterosexism, and Black Sexuality II. Rethinking Black Gender Ideology 4. Get Your Freak On: Sex, Babies, and Images of Black Femininity 5. Booty Call: Sex, Violence, and Images of Black Masculinity 6. Very Necessary: Redefining Black Gender Ideology III. Toward a Progressive Black Sexual Politics 7. Assume the Position: The Changing Contours of Sexual Violence 8. No Storybook Romance: How Race and Gender Matter 9. Why We Can't Wait: Black Sexual Politics and the Challenge of HIV/AIDS Afterword: The Power of a Free Mind Notes Glossary Bibliography Index
Introduction - schooling as a masculinizing agency teacher ideologies, representations and practices local student cultures of masculinity and sexuality sexuality - learning to become a heterosexual man at school young … Introduction - schooling as a masculinizing agency teacher ideologies, representations and practices local student cultures of masculinity and sexuality sexuality - learning to become a heterosexual man at school young women's experience of teacher and student masculinities schooling, sexuality and male power - towards an emancipatory curriculum.
Introduction: Making masculinity : adolescence, identity, and high school -- Becoming Mr. Cougar : institutionalizing gender and sexuality at River High -- Dude, you're a fag : male adolescent homophobia … Introduction: Making masculinity : adolescence, identity, and high school -- Becoming Mr. Cougar : institutionalizing gender and sexuality at River High -- Dude, you're a fag : male adolescent homophobia -- Compulsive heterosexuality : masculinity and dominance -- Look at my masculinity! : girls who act like boys -- Conclusion: Thinking about schooling, gender, and sexuality -- Appendix A: What if a guy hits on you? : intersections of gender, sexuality, and age in fieldwork with adolescents -- Appendix B: Resources.
Journal Article Sexual Behavior in the Human Female Get access Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. By the Staff of the Institute for Sex Research, Indiana University —Alfred C. Kinsey, … Journal Article Sexual Behavior in the Human Female Get access Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. By the Staff of the Institute for Sex Research, Indiana University —Alfred C. Kinsey, Wardell B. Pomroy, Clyde E. Martin, Paul H. Gebhard and Research Associates. Cloth; price $8.00. Pp. 842; 179 tables and 155 figures. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia and London, 1953. Physical Therapy, Volume 34, Issue 1, 1 January 1954, Pages 50–51, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/34.1.50 Published: 01 January 1954
This article describes the construction of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI), and 5 studies that examined its psychometric properties. Factor analysis indicated 11 distinct factors: Winning, Emotional Control, … This article describes the construction of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI), and 5 studies that examined its psychometric properties. Factor analysis indicated 11 distinct factors: Winning, Emotional Control, Risk-Taking, Violence, Dominance, Playboy, Self-Reliance, Primacy of Work, Power Over Women, Disdain for Homosexuals, and Pursuit of Status. Results from Studies 2-5 indicated that the CMNI had strong internal consistency estimates and good differential validity comparing men with women and groups of men on health-related questions; all of the CMNI subscales were significantly and positively related to other masculinity-related measures, with several subscales being related significantly and positively to psychological distress, social dominance, aggression, and the desire to be more muscular, and significantly and negatively to attitudes toward psychological help seeking and social desirability; and CMNI scores had high test-retest estimates for a 2-3 week period.
This article argues that behavioral differentiation of the sexes is minimal when children are observed or tested individually. Sex differences emerge primarily in social situations, and their nature varies with … This article argues that behavioral differentiation of the sexes is minimal when children are observed or tested individually. Sex differences emerge primarily in social situations, and their nature varies with the gender composition of dyads and groups. Children find same-sex play partners more compatible, and they segregate themselves into same-sex groups, in which distinctive interaction styles emerge. These styles are described. As children move into adolescence, the patterns they developed in their childhood same-sex groups are carried over into cross-sex encounters in which girls' styles put them at a disadvantage. Patterns of mutual influence can become more symmetrical in intimate male-female dyads, but the distinctive styles of the two sexes can still be seen in such dyads and are subsequently manifested in the roles and relationships of parenthood. The implications of these continuities are considered.
Male (N = 248) and female (N = 282) subjects were given the Personal Attributes Questionnaire consisting of 55 bipolar attributes drawn from the Sex Role Stereotype Questionnaire by Rosenkrantz, … Male (N = 248) and female (N = 282) subjects were given the Personal Attributes Questionnaire consisting of 55 bipolar attributes drawn from the Sex Role Stereotype Questionnaire by Rosenkrantz, Vogel, Bee, Broverman, and Broverman and were asked to rate themselves and then to compare directly the typical male and female college student. Self-ratings were divided into male-valued (stereotypically masculine attributes judged more desirable for both sexes), female-valued, and sex-specific items. Also administered was the Attitudes Toward Women Scale and a measure of social self-esteem. Correlations of the self-ratings with stereotype scores and the Attitudes Toward Women Scale were low in magnitude, suggesting that sex role expectations do not distort self-concepts. For both men and women, "femininity" on the female-valued self items and "masculinity" on the male-valued items were positively correlated, and both significantly related to self-esteem. The implications of the results for a concept of masculinity and femininity as a duality, characteristic of all individuals, and the use of the self-rating scales for measuring masculinity, femininity, and androgyny were discussed.
Feminist and critical race theories offer the concept of intersectionality to describe analytic approaches that simultaneously consider the meaning and consequences of multiple categories of identity, difference, and disadvantage. To … Feminist and critical race theories offer the concept of intersectionality to describe analytic approaches that simultaneously consider the meaning and consequences of multiple categories of identity, difference, and disadvantage. To understand how these categories depend on one another for meaning and are jointly associated with outcomes, reconceptualization of the meaning and significance of the categories is necessary. To accomplish this, the author presents 3 questions for psychologists to ask: Who is included within this category? What role does inequality play? Where are there similarities? The 1st question involves attending to diversity within social categories. The 2nd conceptualizes social categories as connoting hierarchies of privilege and power that structure social and material life. The 3rd looks for commonalities across categories commonly viewed as deeply different. The author concludes with a discussion of the implications and value of these 3 questions for each stage of the research process.
Aim. This paper reviews the key research literature regarding men's health‐related help seeking behaviour. Background. There is a growing body of research in the United States to suggest that men … Aim. This paper reviews the key research literature regarding men's health‐related help seeking behaviour. Background. There is a growing body of research in the United States to suggest that men are less likely than women to seek help from health professionals for problems as diverse as depression, substance abuse, physical disabilities and stressful life events. Previous research has revealed that the principle health related issue facing men in the UK is their reluctance to seek access to health services. Method. The investigation of men's health‐related help seeking behaviour has great potential for improving both men and women's lives and reducing national health costs through the development of responsive and effective interventions. A search of the literature was conducted using CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and the Cochrane Library databases. Results. Studies comparing men and women are inadequate in explaining the processes involved in men's help seeking behaviour. However, the growing body of gender‐specific studies highlights a trend of delayed help seeking when they become ill. A prominent theme among white middle class men implicates ‘traditional masculine behaviour’ as an explanation for delays in seeking help among men who experience illness. The reasons and processes behind this issue, however, have received limited attention. Conclusions. Principally, the role of masculine beliefs and the similarities and differences between men of differing background requires further attention, particularly given the health inequalities that exist between men of differing socio‐economic status and ethnicity. Further research using heterogeneous samples is required in order to gain a greater understanding of the triggers and barriers associated with the decision making process of help seeking behaviour in men who experience illness.
Gender schema theory proposes that the phenomenon of sex typing derives, in part, from gender-based schematic processing, from a generalized readiness to process information on the basis of the sex-linked … Gender schema theory proposes that the phenomenon of sex typing derives, in part, from gender-based schematic processing, from a generalized readiness to process information on the basis of the sex-linked associations that constitute the gender schema. In particular, the theory proposes that sex typing results from the fact that the self-concept itself gets assimilated to the gender schema. Several studies are described which demonstrate that sex-typed individuals do, in fact, have a greater readiness to process information—including information about the self—in terms of the gender schema. It is speculated that such gender-based schematic processing derives, in part, from the society's ubiquitous insistence on the functional importance of the gender dichotomy. The political implications of gender schema theory are discussed, as is the relationship of the theory to the concept of androgyny. The distinction between male and female serves as a basic organizing principle for every human culture. Although societies differ in the specific tasks they assign to the two sexes, all societies allocate adult roles on the basis of sex and anticipate this allocation in the socialization of their children. Not only are boys and girls expected to acquire sex-specific skills, they are also expected to have or to acquire sex-specific self
Consensus about the differing characteristics of men and women exists across groups differing in sex, age, marital status, and education. Masculine characteristics are positively valued more often than feminine characteristics. … Consensus about the differing characteristics of men and women exists across groups differing in sex, age, marital status, and education. Masculine characteristics are positively valued more often than feminine characteristics. Positively‐valued masculine traits form a cluster entailing competence; positively‐valued feminine traits reflect warmth‐expressiveness. Sex‐role definitions are incorporated into the self‐concepts of both men and women; moreover, these sex‐role differences are considered desirable by college students and healthy by mental health professionals. Individual differences in sex related self‐concepts are related to sex‐role relevant behaviors such as achieved and ideal family size. Sex‐role perceptions also vary as a function of maternal employment.
Prejudice and discrimination against women has become increasingly subtle and covert (N. V. Be-nokraitis & J. R. Feagin, 1986). Unlike research on racism, little research about prejudice and dis-crimination against … Prejudice and discrimination against women has become increasingly subtle and covert (N. V. Be-nokraitis & J. R. Feagin, 1986). Unlike research on racism, little research about prejudice and dis-crimination against women has explicitly examined beliefs underlying this more modern form ofsexism. Support was found for a distinction between old-fashioned and modern beliefs about womensimilar to results that have been presented for racism (J. B. McConahay, 1986; D. O. Sears, 1988).The former is characterized by endorsement of traditional gender roles, differential treatment ofwomen and men, and stereotypes about lesser female competence. Like modern racism, modernsexism is characterized by the denial of continued discrimination, antagonism toward women's de-mands, and lack of support for policies designed to help women (for example, in education andwork). Research that compares factor structures of old-fashioned and modern sexism and racismand that validates our modern sexism scale is presented.
Journal Article Sexual Behavior in the Human Male Get access Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. By Alfred C. Kinsey, Professor of Zoology, Indiana University; Wardell B. Pomeroy, Research Associate, … Journal Article Sexual Behavior in the Human Male Get access Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. By Alfred C. Kinsey, Professor of Zoology, Indiana University; Wardell B. Pomeroy, Research Associate, Indiana University; Clyde E. Martin, Research Associate, Indiana University. Cloth. Price, $6.50. Pp. 804, with 173 charts, 159 tables. W. B. Saunders Company, West Washington Square, Philadelphia, 1948. Physical Therapy, Volume 28, Issue 2, March 1948, Page 93, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/28.2.93 Published: 01 March 1948
The differences model, which argues that males and females are vastly different psychologically, dominates the popular media. Here, the author advances a very different view, the gender similarities hypothesis, which … The differences model, which argues that males and females are vastly different psychologically, dominates the popular media. Here, the author advances a very different view, the gender similarities hypothesis, which holds that males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variables. Results from a review of 46 meta-analyses support the gender similarities hypothesis. Gender differences can vary substantially in magnitude at different ages and depend on the context in which measurement occurs. Overinflated claims of gender differences carry substantial costs in areas such as the workplace and relationships.
Preface Introduction Divergence in Childhood Gender Segregation in Childhood The Two Cultures of Childhood Cross-Sex Encounters The Explanatory Web What Needs to Be Explained The Biological Component The Socialization Component … Preface Introduction Divergence in Childhood Gender Segregation in Childhood The Two Cultures of Childhood Cross-Sex Encounters The Explanatory Web What Needs to Be Explained The Biological Component The Socialization Component The Cognitive Component Convergence in Adulthood Heterosexual Attraction and Relationships The Two Sexes in the Workplace Men and Women As Parents Overview Notes References Index
Two analyses were conducted to examine gender differences in global self-esteem. In analysis I, a computerized literature search yielded 216 effect sizes, representing the testing of 97,121 respondents. The overall … Two analyses were conducted to examine gender differences in global self-esteem. In analysis I, a computerized literature search yielded 216 effect sizes, representing the testing of 97,121 respondents. The overall effect size was 0.21, a small difference favoring males. A significant quadratic effect of age indicated that the largest effect emerged in late adolescence (d = 0.33). In Analysis II, gender differences were examined using 3 large, nationally representative data sets from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). All of the NCES effect sizes, which collectively summarize the responses of approximately 48,000 young Americans, indicated higher male self-esteem (ds ranged from 0.04 to 0.24). Taken together, the 2 analyses provide evidence that males score higher on standard measures of global self-esteem than females, but the difference is small. Potential reasons for the small yet consistent effect size are discussed.
Fredrickson and Roberts (1997) proposed objectification theory as an integrative framework for understanding how women's socialization and experiences of sexual objectification are translated into mental health problems. This article reviews … Fredrickson and Roberts (1997) proposed objectification theory as an integrative framework for understanding how women's socialization and experiences of sexual objectification are translated into mental health problems. This article reviews the past decade of research grounded in objectification theory and highlights needed directions for future scholarship in this area. Specifically, this article reviews research organized according to the following themes: (a) self-objectification and its proposed consequences, (b) sexual objectification experiences as a proposed precursor, and (c) disconnections from bodily functions. An overview of emerging objectification theory research with men is also provided. The review concludes with needed directions for future theoretical and research efforts aimed to advance the psychology of women.
Black women have long occupied marginal positions in academic settings. I argue that many Black female intellectuals have made creative use of their marginality—their "outsider within" status–to produce Black feminist … Black women have long occupied marginal positions in academic settings. I argue that many Black female intellectuals have made creative use of their marginality—their "outsider within" status–to produce Black feminist thought that reflects a special standpoint on self, family, and society. I describe and explore the sociological significance of three characteristic themes in such thought: (1) Black women's self-definition and self-valuation; (2) the interlocking nature of oppression; and (3) the importance of Afro-American women's culture. After considering how Black women might draw upon these key themes as outsiders within to generate a distinctive standpoint on existing sociological paradigms, I conclude by suggesting that other sociologists would also benefit by placing greater trust in the creative potential of their own personal and cultural biographies.
Human differentiation on the basis of gender is a fundamental phenomenon that affects virtually every aspect of people's daily lives. This article presents the social cognitive theory of gender role … Human differentiation on the basis of gender is a fundamental phenomenon that affects virtually every aspect of people's daily lives. This article presents the social cognitive theory of gender role development and functioning. It specifies how gender conceptions are constructed from the complex mix of experiences and how they operate in concert with motivational and self-regulatory mechanisms to guide gender-linked conduct throughout the life course. The theory integrates psychological and sociostructural determinants within a unified conceptual structure. In this theoretical perspective, gender conceptions and roles are the product of a broad network of social influences operating interdependently in a variety of societal subsystems. Human evolution provides bodily structures and biological potentialities that permit a range of possibilities rather than dictate a fixed type of gender differentiation. People contribute to their self-development and bring about social changes that define and structure gender relationships through their agentic actions within the interrelated systems of influence.
In a time when psychologists are rediscovering Darwin, and much of our social behavioral is being reduced to ancient, hard-wired patterns, Michael Kimmel's history of manhood in America comes as … In a time when psychologists are rediscovering Darwin, and much of our social behavioral is being reduced to ancient, hard-wired patterns, Michael Kimmel's history of manhood in America comes as a much needed reminder that our behavior as men and women is anything but stable and fixed. Kimmel's authoritative, entertaining, and wide-ranging history of men in America demonstrates that manhood has meant very different things in different eras. Drawing on advice books, magazines, political pamphlets, and popular novels and films, he makes two surprising claims: First, manhood is homosocial - that is, men need to prove themselves to each other, not to women. Second, definitions of manliness have evolved in response to women's movements. When women act, men react. Originally, manliness was an internal virtue and a democratic ideal - British men were viewed as fops, and American men had to be independent, honest, and responsible. By the 1890s, however, manhood changed to masculinity, something that had to be constantly proven through the new explosion of sports, fraternities, and fashion. Finally, in 1936, Lewis Terman, the creator of the IQ test, developed an M-F test to analyze adolescents' masculinity and femininity. Until well into the 1960s, the test penalized boys who preferred to draw flowers instead of forests, or who knew that a teacup was used for drinking tea. But just as Terman's categories and questions seem outdated to us, so will our own standards seem temporary to our successors.
This article describes the development of a new sex-role inventory that treats masculinity and femininity as two independent dimensions, thereby making it possible to characterize a person as masculine, feminine, … This article describes the development of a new sex-role inventory that treats masculinity and femininity as two independent dimensions, thereby making it possible to characterize a person as masculine, feminine, or androgynous as a function of the difference between his or her endorsement of masculine and feminine personality characteristics. Normative data are presented, as well as the results of various psychometric analyses. The major findings of conceptual interest are: (a) the dimensions of masculinity and femininity are empirically as well as logically independent; (6) the concept of psychological androgyny is a reliable one; and (c) highly sex-typed scores do not reflect a general tendency to respond in a socially desirable direction, but rather a specific tendency to describe oneself in accordance with sex-typed standards of desirable behavior for men and women. Both in psychology and in society at large, masculinity and femininity have long been conceptualized as bipolar ends of a single continuum; accordingly, a person has had to be either masculine or feminine, but not both. This sex-role dichotomy has served to obscure two very plausible hypotheses: first, that many individuals might be androgynous ; that is, they might be both masculine and feminine, both assertive and yielding, both instrumental and expressive—depending on the situational appropriateness of these various behaviors; and conversely, that strongly sex-typed individuals might be seriously limited in the range of behaviors available to them as they move from situation to situation. According to both Kagan (1964) and Kohlberg (1966), the highly sex-typed individual is motivated to keep his behavior consistent with an internalized sex-role standard, a goal that he presumably accomplishes by suppressing any behavior that might be con
The purpose of this article is to review research on the construction of gender ideology and its consequences. The article begins with a summary of research focused on measuring gender … The purpose of this article is to review research on the construction of gender ideology and its consequences. The article begins with a summary of research focused on measuring gender ideology—individuals' levels of support for a division of paid work and family responsibilities that is based on the belief in gendered separate spheres. We describe the ways this concept has been operationalized in widely available data sources and provide a categorization schema for the items used to measure gender ideology. We also review the research predicting gender ideology, focusing on social and demographic characteristics while concurrently examining studies using cross-sectional, trend, and panel data. Finally, this article summarizes research focused on the consequences of gender ideology, both in families and family-related behaviors and in other areas of social life where beliefs about gender are relevant, such as the workplace. We conclude with implications for future research for measurement tools, predictors of gender ideology, and consequences of ideology in individuals' lives.
In this article we provide a critical analysis of the concept of hegemonic masculinity. We argue that although this concept embodies important theoretical insights, it is insufficiently developed as it … In this article we provide a critical analysis of the concept of hegemonic masculinity. We argue that although this concept embodies important theoretical insights, it is insufficiently developed as it stands to enable us to understand how men position themselves as gendered beings. In particular it offers a vague and imprecise account of the social psychological reproduction of male identities. We outline an alternative critical discursive psychology of masculinity. Drawing on data from interviews with a sample of men from a range of ages and from diverse occupational backgrounds, we delineate three distinctive, yet related, procedures or psycho-discursive practices, through which men construct themselves as masculine. The political implications of these discursive practices, as well as the broader implications of treating the psychological process of identification as a form of discursive accomplishment, are also discussed.
Exploiting a randomized natural experiment in India, we show that female leadership influences adolescent girls' career aspirations and educational attainment. A 1993 law reserved leadership positions for women in randomly … Exploiting a randomized natural experiment in India, we show that female leadership influences adolescent girls' career aspirations and educational attainment. A 1993 law reserved leadership positions for women in randomly selected village councils. Using 8453 surveys of adolescents aged 11 to 15 and their parents in 495 villages, we found that, relative to villages in which such positions were never reserved, the gender gap in aspirations closed by 20% in parents and 32% in adolescents in villages assigned a female leader for two election cycles. The gender gap in adolescent educational attainment was erased, and girls spent less time on household chores. We found no evidence of changes in young women's labor market opportunities, which suggests that the impact of women leaders primarily reflects a role model effect.
Children and gender learning from kids boys and girls together but mostly apart gender separation - why and how creating a sense of opposite sides do girls and boys have … Children and gender learning from kids boys and girls together but mostly apart gender separation - why and how creating a sense of opposite sides do girls and boys have different cultures? crossing the gender divide lip gloss and goin' with - becoming teens lessons for adults
The concept of hegemonic masculinity has influenced gender studies across many academic fields but has also attracted serious criticism. The authors trace the origin of the concept in a convergence … The concept of hegemonic masculinity has influenced gender studies across many academic fields but has also attracted serious criticism. The authors trace the origin of the concept in a convergence of ideas in the early 1980s and map the ways it was applied when research on men and masculinities expanded. Evaluating the principal criticisms, the authors defend the underlying concept of masculinity, which in most research use is neither reified nor essentialist. However, the criticism of trait models of gender and rigid typologies is sound. The treatment of the subject in research on hegemonic masculinity can be improved with the aid of recent psychological models, although limits to discursive flexibility must be recognized. The concept of hegemonic masculinity does not equate to a model of social reproduction; we need to recognize social struggles in which subordinated masculinities influence dominant forms. Finally, the authors review what has been confirmed from early formulations (the idea of multiple masculinities, the concept of hegemony, and the emphasis on change) and what needs to be discarded (onedimensional treatment of hierarchy and trait conceptions of gender). The authors suggest reformulation of the concept in four areas: a more complex model of gender hierarchy, emphasizing the agency of women; explicit recognition of the geography of masculinities, emphasizing the interplay among local, regional, and global levels; a more specific treatment of embodiment in contexts of privilege and power; and a stronger emphasis on the dynamics of hegemonic masculinity, recognizing internal contradictions and the possibilities of movement toward gender democracy.
Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture Pierre Bourdieu & Jean‐Claude Passeron, 1977 London & Beverly Hills, Sage Publications Pp. 254, Cloth £8.00, Paper £3.50 Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture Pierre Bourdieu & Jean‐Claude Passeron, 1977 London & Beverly Hills, Sage Publications Pp. 254, Cloth £8.00, Paper £3.50
The authors present a theory of sexism formulated as ambivalence toward women and validate a corresponding measure, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI). The ASI taps 2 positively correlated components of … The authors present a theory of sexism formulated as ambivalence toward women and validate a corresponding measure, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI). The ASI taps 2 positively correlated components of sexism that nevertheless represent opposite evaluative orientations toward women: sexist antipathy or Hostile Sexism (HS) and a subjectively positive ( for sexist men ) orientation toward women, Benevolent Sexism (BS). HS and BS are hypothesized to encompass 3 sources of male ambivalence: Paternalism, Gender Differentiation, and Heterosexuality. Six ASI studies on 2,250 respondents established convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. Overall ASI scores predict ambivalent attitudes toward women, the HS scale correlates with negative attitudes toward and stereotypes about women, and the BS scale (for nonstudent men only) correlates with positive attitudes toward and stereotypes about women. A copy of the ASI is provided, with scoring instructions, as a tool for further explorations of sexist ambivalence.
Research on men's help seeking yields strategies for enhancing men's use of mental and physical health resources. Analysis of the assumptions underlying existing theory and research also provides a context … Research on men's help seeking yields strategies for enhancing men's use of mental and physical health resources. Analysis of the assumptions underlying existing theory and research also provides a context for evaluating the psychology of men and masculinity as an evolving area of social scientific inquiry. The authors identify several theoretical and methodological obstacles that limit understanding of the variable ways that men do or do not seek help from mental and physical health care professionals. A contextual framework is developed by exploring how the socialization and social construction of masculinities transact with social psychological processes common to a variety of potential help-seeking contexts. This approach begins to integrate the psychology of men and masculinity with theory and methodology from other disciplines and suggests innovative ways to facilitate adaptive help seeking.
Gabrielle P. A. Smith | Oxford University Press eBooks
Abstract “Canadian” curricula and pedagogical approaches in music teacher education programs remain entrenched in a static and siloed system of colonial practices which hinder the liberatory potential of music education. … Abstract “Canadian” curricula and pedagogical approaches in music teacher education programs remain entrenched in a static and siloed system of colonial practices which hinder the liberatory potential of music education. The supporting epistemologies are steeped in a hegemonic settler colonial perspective that excludes and/or tokenizes the global majority of voices, pedagogies, and musics. To work toward countering these structures and epistemologies and shift to healing-centered music teacher education, I offer the relevance of intersectional Feminism and propose the applications of Femme pedagogy toward liberatory praxis. This affirmative vision is centered in relational, healing, loving, vulnerable, and collective work which at the outset involves intersectional inquiry to identify, name, and counter the root causes of harm. I then discuss ways in which pre-service music educators in our undergraduate methods class develop these skills through circles, mock-teaching, and reflective practices. It is necessary for teachers to explore not only the intersections of identities that have been institutionally marginalized, but to also understand and actively expose the power structures of colonialism and white supremacy which continue to sustain systemic oppression in order to heal, dream, and move outside of settler futurity.
ABSTRACT Despite growing awareness of sexuality and gender diverse (SGD) youth's educational challenges, limited research examines how alternative education settings support these students' wellbeing and engagement. This qualitative study investigated … ABSTRACT Despite growing awareness of sexuality and gender diverse (SGD) youth's educational challenges, limited research examines how alternative education settings support these students' wellbeing and engagement. This qualitative study investigated how Australian Flexible Learning Options (FLOs) foster inclusivity and belonging for SGD youth, comparing their experiences with mainstream schooling. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11 SGD students (aged 15–18) from a regional Australian FLO. Template thematic analysis, guided by Minority Stress Theory and the Socioecological Model, revealed two primary themes: (1) school relationships and social support, and (2) school climate and inclusive learning approaches. While mainstream schools were characterized by systemic barriers including discrimination, identity concealment, and limited support, the FLO environment provided affirming experiences through supportive teacher‐student relationships, accessible mental health resources, and peer acceptance. Small class sizes, flexible learning approaches, and inclusive policies were identified as key factors in creating safe and supportive educational spaces. These findings demonstrate how alternative education settings can mitigate minority stress through targeted structural and relational supports, while highlighting opportunities for mainstream schools to adopt similar practices. Future research should examine how these supportive practices can be implemented across diverse educational contexts to enhance outcomes for SGD youth.
J. Burns | Routledge eBooks
Marı́a Jesús Santesmases | Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A
Abstract Background Evidence linking smoking and depressive symptoms is inconsistent, warranting longitudinal studies using robust methods to assess causal relationships. Study Design Group-based trajectory models were used to investigate associations … Abstract Background Evidence linking smoking and depressive symptoms is inconsistent, warranting longitudinal studies using robust methods to assess causal relationships. Study Design Group-based trajectory models were used to investigate associations between cigarette use and depressive symptoms across developmental age and the moderating effects of sexual identity. Methods Multilevel modeling was used to compare trajectories of depressive symptoms from the Adolescent Health Survey. Regions of significance were estimated using Johnson-Neyman significance intervals for interaction terms. We modeled depressive symptom trajectories as a function of age, smoking behavior, and sexual orientation interaction. Results The conditional model yielded an ICC of 0.34, indicating a strong clustering effect over time. Both age (β□= 0.069, p□<□0.001) and age-squared (β□= -0.002, p□<□0.001) were positively associated with initial values of depressive symptoms, demonstrating significantly steeper declines over time (βage = -0.001, p□<□0.001). Bisexual identification was positively associated with depressive symptoms (β□= 0.001, p□<□0.01) and cigarette use (β□= 0.014, p□<□0.001) trajectories were significantly higher among bisexual identities up through young adulthood. Conclusions Our result highlights the importance of focusing interventions for those of bisexual identity in adolescence and their long-term impact on bisexual populations who use cigarettes. Bisexual individuals experience distinct differences regarding smoking behaviors and depressive symptoms across developmental age. It is essential to stratify identities into their respective groups rather than conflating them into a sexual minority group identity. Early-life interventions are necessary to support minoritized populations, particularly those who identify as bisexual. Specific implementation of policies to improve mental health and smoking cessation for those identifying as bisexual is highly suggested.
Introduction Gender equality in education is crucial for achieving sustainable development and social justice. Despite efforts to promote gender equality in primary education, disparities persist, particularly in regions like Beni … Introduction Gender equality in education is crucial for achieving sustainable development and social justice. Despite efforts to promote gender equality in primary education, disparities persist, particularly in regions like Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco. This research assesses the effectiveness of primary school teachers in promoting gender equality practices within this region. Methods Drawing on quantitative data collected from 80 primary school teachers, the study assesses teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to gender equality. Results Findings reveal strengths in teachers’ commitment to equal opportunities but also highlight areas for improvement, including planning gender-sensitive strategies and addressing gender inequalities effectively. Discussion Targeted interventions and professional development programs are recommended to improve teachers’ effectiveness in promoting gender equality. Generally, this research contributes to advancing gender equality in education and underscores the vital role of primary school teachers in fostering inclusive and equitable learning environments. Limitations related to self-report bias and translation issues are acknowledged.
This article explores the impact of internalized oppression on young women of colour in Norway, focusing on how it unfolds across individual life trajectories. Drawing on a qualitative methodology, the … This article explores the impact of internalized oppression on young women of colour in Norway, focusing on how it unfolds across individual life trajectories. Drawing on a qualitative methodology, the study is based on narrative in-depth interviews with thirteen participants aged 18 to 35. The findings reveal that internalized oppression, particularly related to physical appearance, emerges early in life and is often reinforced through social interactions such as bullying, exclusion, and racialized commentary. These experiences frequently convey implicit preferences for whiteness, leading to marginalization and insecurity during adolescence. In response, several participants engaged in practices of assimilation, altering their physical appearance in attempts to embody features aligned with dominant white norms. In adulthood, many of these women have developed a critical awareness of internalized oppression and are engaged in processes of decolonizing their self-perceptions through solidarity with other women of colour. Nevertheless, they continue to grapple with lingering internalized biases. This study highlights the need for further research into the life narratives and everyday experiences of racialized individuals to better understand how they navigate, resist, and unlearn internalized oppression—while also considering the gendered dimension of how such oppression works.
| Vanderbilt University Press eBooks
This study aims to explore the gender perspective that interacts with the elementary school teacher education curriculum. Elementary school teachers are important in providing a foundation for elementary school students. … This study aims to explore the gender perspective that interacts with the elementary school teacher education curriculum. Elementary school teachers are important in providing a foundation for elementary school students. So, we use that reason to conduct this study: the teachers’ perspective is obtained when they take teacher education studies. Ethnographic methods are used to observe the distribution of gender discourse in the elementary school teacher education curriculum for one semester. Elementary school teacher education students gain knowledge and exchange ideas in the classroom, and they also exchange ideas outside the classroom. The curriculum as a reflection of culture is obvious in this situation. However, the absence of planning regarding gender discourse so that it can be included in the curriculum makes patriarchy flow freely in it. Meanwhile, gender discourse that is not designed or planned will become a hidden curriculum that is vulnerable to bias. Although some lecturers and students have receptive and transformative gender perspectives, this is not facilitated. Although in their hearts, they encounter resistance, in the end, they accept it as it is. In other words, gender discourse that is not integrated into the curriculum will become a pattern that continues, and the curriculum itself will become an instrument for the perpetuation of eternal patriarchy.
The research analyzed the cognitive styles, sexist attitudes and social competencies that hinder gender equality in secondary education students. It identified sexist attitudes, cognitive styles and social skills that hinder … The research analyzed the cognitive styles, sexist attitudes and social competencies that hinder gender equality in secondary education students. It identified sexist attitudes, cognitive styles and social skills that hinder change towards gender equality; explored significant differences in sexist attitudes and cognitive strategies and social attitudes by age; studied the relationship between sexist attitudes and cognitive and social strategies that perpetuate gender inequality; and analyzed how age may predict the use of these strategies. A total of 1034 students aged 11 to 18 participated in a cross-sectional study. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory for Adolescents and the Questionnaire of Attitudes and Cognitive Social Strategies were administered. The results indicate that young people exhibit moderate levels of cognitive and social strategies that hinder the change in sexist behaviors. At ages 12–14, the acceptance of ambivalent and benevolent attitudes such as paternalism and heterosexual intimacy increases. We found greater aggressiveness–stubbornness, apathy–withdrawal, impulsivity, and rigidity of thought at ages 15–17. Age explains a small proportion of the variance in sexist attitudes, cognitive styles, and social competencies that hinder gender equality. The study highlights the need for coeducational measures that ensure equal cognitive and socio-emotional development in women and men.
Introduction University students face a variety of challenges, including mental health issues, which are often compounded by societal and individual factors such as body image concerns, obesity, and experiences of … Introduction University students face a variety of challenges, including mental health issues, which are often compounded by societal and individual factors such as body image concerns, obesity, and experiences of intimate partner violence. These factors may adversely affect their mental health and academic performance. Yet, limited research exists on studies evaluating the impact of these factors on depression in Nigerian institutions of higher learning. This study aims to address this gap by examining the impact of these factors on self-reported depression with a focus on the moderating role of sex. Objective To assess the associations between body image concerns, obesity, intimate partner violence, and sexual coercion with depression among university students in Nigeria and to explore how these relationships vary by sex. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted over a one-month period among university students in Nigeria. Data was collected through structured, self-administered questionnaires. The primary outcome variables were self-reported depression. Explanatory variables included body image concerns, BMI categories (obese vs. normal BMI), intimate partner violence, and sexual coercion. Sex was examined as a moderator. Inverse probability weighting was used to account for confounding variables, including age, sex, year in school, parental education, household income, smoking and alcohol consumption, and other comorbidities. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between explanatory variables and outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders. Results The study included 501 participants, with 64.5% females and 35.6% males. Most respondents (83.4%) were aged 18–20 years. Obesity was observed in 18.6% of participants, higher in females (20.7%) than males (14.6%). Sexual coercion was reported by 10.8% (males: 5.6%; females: 13.6%), while 3.4% experienced intimate partner violence (IPV), with similar rates in both genders. Depression was reported by 33.5% of participants, more common in females (35.3%) than males (30.3%). Body image concerns increased the risk of depression by 35.3% (95% CI: 13.0%−57.7%, p = 0.002), particularly in males (26.3%, 95% CI: 16.4%−69.1%, p = 0.227). Obesity was linked to significantly higher depression rates in males (25.9%, 95% CI: 1.9%−50.0%, p = 0.035) but not in females. Sexual coercion strongly correlated with higher depression rates in both genders (males: 43.0%, 95% CI: 23.5%−62.6%, p < 0.001; females: 39.5%, 95% CI: 20.9%−58.1%, p < 0.001). IPV showed a weaker link to depression, with rates of 21.1% in males and 30.1% in females, though not statistically significant. Conclusion This study highlights the complex interplay between psychosocial factors and their impact on mental health outcomes among university students in Nigeria. Addressing these factors, particularly through gender-sensitive interventions, is crucial for improving student mental health. Policy implications The findings call for the integration of mental health and psychosocial support services in university settings, including counseling and educational programs on body image and intimate partner violence. Policymakers and university administrators should prioritize gender-sensitive approaches to address the unique challenges faced by male and female students. Additionally, strategies to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors and prevent obesity among students should be implemented to enhance their mental health and academic performance.
Efforts to promote gender-inclusive education must extend beyond STEM fields to encompass all academic disciplines, including those that are traditionally feminized. This study examines how undergraduate students enrolled in Early … Efforts to promote gender-inclusive education must extend beyond STEM fields to encompass all academic disciplines, including those that are traditionally feminized. This study examines how undergraduate students enrolled in Early Childhood, Primary, and Social Education degrees at the University of the Basque Country address gender issues in their final academic projects. Of the 2708 undergraduate dissertations (UDs) reviewed, only 383 met the criteria for gender-related content and were analyzed using lexical software (the Reinert method via Iramuteq). The analysis revealed a low overall engagement (12–14%) with gender themes, despite the critical role these educators will play in shaping future generations. Thematic clusters emerged around teacher training, gender stereotypes, and women’s empowerment. We argue that the invisibility of gender issues in these programs reflects a systemic problem, and that gender-inclusive reform must span the full spectrum of educational disciplines if broader social transformation is to be achieved.
This study explores the under-researched topic of men's lived experiences of miscarriage within the Iranian context for the first time. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach was employed to explore the … This study explores the under-researched topic of men's lived experiences of miscarriage within the Iranian context for the first time. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach was employed to explore the lived experiences of fathers following their partner's miscarriage. Seven participants were recruited through purposive sampling and participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi's method of analysis, a structured approach to phenomenological research, revealed 7 core themes and 18 sub-themes. These themes highlight the multifaceted nature of men's experiences, including (1) pre-miscarriage paternal factors, (2) challenging farewell, (3) superiority of motherhood, (4) foggy couple interactions, (5) navigating the adjustment path, (6) varied functions and roles of the social network, and (7) turning the page: life after miscarriage. The study found that various factors influence men's lived experiences of miscarriage, including perceptions of fatherhood before pregnancy, attachment to the fetus, coping strategies, facilitators, barriers to adaptation, and the reactions of those around them. Notably, the research underscores the significance of the emotional bond men develop during pregnancy, impacting their grief and sorrow upon loss. Furthermore, this study sheds light on the concept of “invisible grief” experienced by Iranian fathers following miscarriage. This neglect was influenced by both societal expectations and the men's reluctance to acknowledge their grief.
Perimenopause is a significant transitional phase in a woman's life, often accompanied by physical, emotional, and psychological challenges. While research has extensively explored the biological aspects of perimenopause, limited studies … Perimenopause is a significant transitional phase in a woman's life, often accompanied by physical, emotional, and psychological challenges. While research has extensively explored the biological aspects of perimenopause, limited studies have examined its psychosocial impact within the family context. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring the experiences, concerns, and support needs of perimenopausal women from multiple perspectives, including their own, as well as those of their husbands and children. Using a qualitative approach, four focus group discussions were conducted with 28 participants, comprising perimenopausal women ( n = 14), husbands ( n = 6), and children ( n = 8). Thematic analysis of the data revealed four major themes: sleep quality, self-concept, stress, and support from others. While some variations in perspectives emerged across participant groups, a strong consensus highlighted the psychosocial challenges faced by women during this period and the need for enhanced family and social support. These findings provide valuable insights for developing interventions aimed at creating awareness and strengthening support systems, ultimately improving the well-being of perimenopausal women and their families.
ABSTRACT This study explores the psychosocial predictors of women's nontraditional sexuality, focusing on feminist identity, gender identification, gender essentialist beliefs and psychological well‐being. It also contributes to the Italian validation … ABSTRACT This study explores the psychosocial predictors of women's nontraditional sexuality, focusing on feminist identity, gender identification, gender essentialist beliefs and psychological well‐being. It also contributes to the Italian validation of the Women's Nontraditional Sexuality Questionnaire (Short Form). A survey administered to a convenience sample of 293 Italian women revealed that the scale reliably captures four key dimensions of nontraditional sexuality, which can be summarised in a single index. Findings show that feminist identification and well‐being are positively associated with nontraditional sexual attitudes and behaviours, while gender essentialism is negatively associated. No significant link was found between gender identification and nontraditional sexuality. These associations were generally consistent across the total score and subscales, with some exceptions in the ‘sex as a means to an end’ dimension. The study underscores that women's sexual expression is influenced not only by personal factors but also by feminist ideology, social identity and cultural gender norms. Results support the psychometric validity and reliability of the Italian version of the scale, offering a robust tool for research on female sexuality, gender roles and feminist psychology in the Italian context. Please refer to the Supporting Information section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement .
<title>Abstract</title> Educational institutions worldwide face challenges in equitably distributing resources during adolescence, a critical period for identity formation and social development. While centralized educational systems ostensibly promote standardization, less is … <title>Abstract</title> Educational institutions worldwide face challenges in equitably distributing resources during adolescence, a critical period for identity formation and social development. While centralized educational systems ostensibly promote standardization, less is known about how local implementation may reproduce social inequalities during this crucial stage. Through the lens of intersectionality, this study examines how gender and geographical location interact to shape adolescents' access to health education in centralized systems, using Chinese vocational high schools as an illustrative case. Drawing on data from 3,167 adolescents across regions representing different development levels, we demonstrate how educational institutions may inadvertently perpetuate social stratification through differential access to sex education, even within highly centralized systems. Our findings reveal complex interactions between geographical advantages and gender. Students in more economically developed regions and urban areas show significantly higher odds of receiving comprehensive health education, with particularly pronounced effects for girls in developed regions. Moreover, gender emerges as the primary determinant of exposure to specific developmental content. Girls consistently show higher access across topics, particularly regarding pregnancy and contraception, abortion, and sexual behavior, creating systematic disparities in access to essential knowledge during adolescence. These findings extend theories of educational inequality by revealing how intersecting dimensions of advantage and disadvantage manifest during crucial developmental transitions, even when formal policies mandate equal access, offering insights for policymakers seeking to promote equitable education for adolescents across diverse contexts.
The analysis of gender-based violence (hereafter, GBV) in adolescence is essential because love ideals are formed at this stage, as well as a modus operandi that can be normalized. This … The analysis of gender-based violence (hereafter, GBV) in adolescence is essential because love ideals are formed at this stage, as well as a modus operandi that can be normalized. This study aimed to assess the joint influence of cisheteronormativity, including gender stereotypes, sexism, homophobia, and transphobia, as well as racism and ageism, on attitudes toward GBV. For this purpose, a correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted in which 1,062 Spanish adolescents from Compulsory Secondary Education (ISCED 3) participated, representing the reference population. Of them, 49.9% identified as a girl, 48.6% as a boy, and 1.2% with other gender identity options. Their mean age was 15.25 years. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted, revealing that, for both girls and boys, students who express greater support for GBV also manifest significantly more homophobic and transphobic attitudes, as well as more racial prejudice and more hostile ageism. In addition, in the case of girls, those who are more instrumental also express greater acceptance of GBV. In the case of boys, older boys and less benevolent sexist boys also express greater support for GBV. These variables explain 27.7% of the variance in attitudes toward GBV in girls and 36.1% in boys. The results show the need to implement a critical, queer, and intersectional pedagogy in schools that would contribute to the understanding and prevention of violence from a problematizing perspective, attending to the role of differential gender socialization in the formation of interconnected prejudices that conjointly produce discourses and practices of otherness and violence among adolescents.
Anthony Archdeacon | Routledge eBooks
Images are increasingly used in health research as a complement to discursive methods, to elicit more and different types of knowledge and experience from participants. The use of image-based research, … Images are increasingly used in health research as a complement to discursive methods, to elicit more and different types of knowledge and experience from participants. The use of image-based research, such as drawing and photography, then, holds promises for understanding health in new ways. However, such promises fall short when researchers and audiences treat images as realist representations of participants’ lives. Images are never clear representations of an objective reality- this is not their value either during or after research. In this photo essay, we show and discuss how we countered image positivism in the PHRAME study, Photographing Health by Rural Adolescents in the Midwest. The photos shown in this essay take viewers into our interviews in PHRAME and then out to our modes of audience engagement. Throughout, play served as a critical orientation and form of listening. We show this, first, through glimpses into our interviews, where we engaged in play that transformed meanings of photos taken by the young people. Then we show how we engaged public health, academic audiences, and popular audiences of the young people’s photos in play where audiences were invited to co-produce meaning through interactive activities, rather than reading to extract meaning from the photos. In conclusion, we suggest that play as a mode of research and exchange holds transformative potential, taking health research beyond the image positivism that has constrained the methodology to expand visions of what health is and might be.
Jaime García-Iglesias | Bristol University Press eBooks
The neo-Confucian tradition in South Korea had influenced the number of female Koreans that were born due to the patrilineality-caused aversion to daughters and pre- and post-natal sex selection. The … The neo-Confucian tradition in South Korea had influenced the number of female Koreans that were born due to the patrilineality-caused aversion to daughters and pre- and post-natal sex selection. The introduction of ultrasonographic devices even deepened the sex ratio at birth (SRB), resulting in the state forbidding their use for prenatal sex determination. Since the 2000s, a preference for daughters has been visible, and SRB is considered natural. The paper aims to show changes in South Korean culture and approach towards the sex of the offspring. It also aims to prove that a stronger cultural aversion to daughters in the past in South Korea has changed as an result of cultural and societal transformations, but also surprisingly of the traditional approach to gender roles – it is not generally emphasized and it can accelerate the drop in an already low total fertility rate (TFR) in this country.
College counseling plays a vital role in supporting students’ academic success, mental health, and overall well-being. To date, no research has examined this topic among Moroccan students. This study investigates … College counseling plays a vital role in supporting students’ academic success, mental health, and overall well-being. To date, no research has examined this topic among Moroccan students. This study investigates gendered patterns and needs among 401 Moroccan students accessing the country’s oldest college counseling center, located at the Semlalia Faculty of Sciences. This is a retrospective, quantitative study based on case file data collected from counseling records spanning 2015–2018. Descriptive and comparative analyses were conducted to explore visit patterns among the study participants. Men tend to seek counseling at a later age, primarily for academic-related concerns, whereas women are more likely to pursue non-pedagogical support and to participate in multiple counseling sessions. Furthermore, students’ origin, housing situation, and year of study are associated with differences in their counseling needs. Local students, those residing with family, and first-year students predominantly seek academic support, while non-local students, those living in shared housing, and students in advanced years are more inclined to request non-pedagogical assistance. These findings offer insights into gender disparities in student counseling, enhance the understanding of student support needs, and highlight the role of Morocco’s pioneering college counseling center in promoting students’ well-being. This study also lays the groundwork for future research on broader student populations and evolving counseling approaches.
Seto (2017) proposes sexual orientation not only varies as a function of gender, but also as a function of age. Few studies have examined the conceptualization of sexual age orientation. … Seto (2017) proposes sexual orientation not only varies as a function of gender, but also as a function of age. Few studies have examined the conceptualization of sexual age orientation. The current study evaluates the polymorphism of sexual interest in children (i.e., simultaneous attraction to multiple age categories), the exclusivity of sexual interest (i.e., attraction to children only or children and adults), and gender preference (i.e., preference for males or females) in the general population. Data were obtained through adult males ( N = 170) using online self-reports (overlapping sample from Mundy &amp; Cioe, 2019). Findings revealed that most individuals reporting sexual attraction to multiple age categories had a higher degree of preference for one age group over others. When looking at sexual interest in children among teleiophilic individuals, the concordance indices were higher between adjacent age groups compared to distant age groups. Specifically, among individuals who reported teleiophilic sexual interest, 36% were also reporting hebephilic sexual interest (adjacent category), while 17.7% reported pedophilic sexual interest (non-adjacent category). Finally, there was a significant positive correlation between pedophilic interest and hebephilic interest (τ b = .602, p &lt; .001). Together, results provide support for the chronophilia theory. Concordance indices in future studies may inform differences between exclusive and nonexclusive interest in children and aid the development of informed risk assessment tools and destigmatized prevention programs.
A small body of work has examined the intersection of masculinity and disability. Key early studies focused attention on the ways in which men with acquired physical disabilities negotiated this … A small body of work has examined the intersection of masculinity and disability. Key early studies focused attention on the ways in which men with acquired physical disabilities negotiated this dilemma, and the extent to which their strategies contested or reproduced gender norms. Recent work has called for greater attention to the diversity of men’s experiences across disabilities, as well as the dynamic and shifting configurations of gender and disability. In this paper, we engage with recent disability studies scholarship to consider how gender relations and masculinity intersect with ableism as a system of oppression. We draw on qualitative arts-informed research to present a comparative analysis of three men’s embodied experiences of chronic physical illness, intellectual disability, and psychiatric disability. The analysis highlights how complex relations between disability, (re)habilitation, breadwinning and heteronormative domesticity shape the lives and identities of all three men, albeit in quite different ways. As such, the paper provides an important illustration of the varied, dynamic, and often contradictory ways in which men negotiate gendered experiences of illness and disablement.

Help for Gay

2025-06-11
Norman Ault | Routledge eBooks
Europejskie środowisko piłkarskie jest niejednorodną, luźną społecznością, w której istnieje wiele różnic uwarunkowanych tłem kulturowym, historycznym czy uregulowaniami prawnymi. Niniejszy artykuł zainspirowany został własnymi obserwacjami i widoczną potrzebą zbadania, jak … Europejskie środowisko piłkarskie jest niejednorodną, luźną społecznością, w której istnieje wiele różnic uwarunkowanych tłem kulturowym, historycznym czy uregulowaniami prawnymi. Niniejszy artykuł zainspirowany został własnymi obserwacjami i widoczną potrzebą zbadania, jak formuje się społeczność LGBTQ+ w ramach środowiska kibicowskiego i piłkarskiego. Opracowanie porusza rozległy temat i ma być przyczynkiem do rozpoczęcia dyskusji na temat okoliczności konsolidowania się jednostek ze środowiska LGBTQ+ wśród kibiców piłki nożnej oraz piłkarzy. W ostatnich latach zaobserwować można emancypację tychże grup, która ze względu na szereg czynników zachodzi i ewoluuje w różny sposób. W piłce nożnej szczególnie dostrzega się odniesienie do osób LGBTQ+ oraz ich grupowanie ze względu na hermetyczny charakter nadal silnie zmaskulinizowanego środowiska, gdzie dochodzi do marginalizacji gejów, lesbijek czy osób transpłciowych.
This study examines students' perceptions of gender role identification in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the socio-demographic factors influencing their views. A structured survey was conducted among university … This study examines students' perceptions of gender role identification in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the socio-demographic factors influencing their views. A structured survey was conducted among university students, and statistical analyses, including Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman’s Rank Correlation, and logistic regression, were applied to identify significant patterns. The results indicate that age, parental status, and religious beliefs significantly influence perceptions, whereas gender, political ideology, and academic background show weaker predictive power. Dunn’s post-hoc test confirmed that students with children hold distinct views, while Spearman’s correlation revealed moderate associations between general knowledge of gender identity and ASD-related attitudes. Logistic regression had limited predictive accuracy (46.5%), highlighting the need for additional explanatory variables. The findings suggest that educational curricula should incorporate specialized coursework, experiential learning, and interdisciplinary discussions to improve understanding. Future research should explore the role of direct interactions with neurodiverse individuals in shaping inclusive perspectives.