Chemical Engineering › Process Chemistry and Technology

Odor and Emission Control Technologies

Works Count: 30920

Wikipedia

Description

This cluster of papers covers the chemical and biological technologies for controlling odors, with a focus on managing emissions of hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, and siloxanes. It explores bioreactors, biofiltration, microbial communities, and concrete corrosion in sewer systems and waste gas treatment. The papers also discuss the sulfur cycle, odor measurements, health risk assessment, and environmental impacts.

Keywords

Odor Control; Bioreactors; Sulfur Cycle; Volatile Organic Compounds; Ammonia Emissions; Siloxanes; Biofiltration; Concrete Corrosion; Microbial Community; Waste Gas Treatment

Biofiltration for air pollution control

1999-04-01

Joseph S. Devinny , Marc A. Deshusses , Todd S. Webster

Introduction Air Pollution Legislation Types of Waste Gas Treatment Historical Review of Biofiltration Biofiltration Marketplace Biofilter Terminology Additional Biofiltration Resources Conclusions Mechanisms of Biofiltration Introduction Gas Transfer The Water Phase … Introduction Air Pollution Legislation Types of Waste Gas Treatment Historical Review of Biofiltration Biofiltration Marketplace Biofilter Terminology Additional Biofiltration Resources Conclusions Mechanisms of Biofiltration Introduction Gas Transfer The Water Phase Adsorbed Contaminants Contaminant Biodegradation Product Generation Heat Generation Conclusions Biofilter Media Introduction Criteria for the Choice of an Optimum Biofilter Medium Materials Used for Biofilter Media Description of Selected Biofilter Media Controlling Factors and Operation of Biofilters Introduction Water Content Temperature Medium pH and Alkalinity Nutrients Contaminant Load and Surface Load Oxygen Limitation Air Flow Direction Dust and Grease Extreme Biofilters Microbial Ecology of Biofiltration Introduction Microbial Species in Biofilters Substrate Utilization The Microbial Community' Biomass Clogging Microbial Observation of Biofilters Conclusions Modeling Biofiltration Introduction The Challenge of Modeling Biofiltration Biofilm Models Ottengraf's Model Devinny and Hodge Model Shareefdeen et al. Model Shareefdeen and Baltzis Model With Patches of Biomass Deshusses et al. Model QSAR Models Choi et al. Model Johnson and Deshusses Model Govind et al. Model Summary Design of Biofilters Introduction Experimental Protocol for Assessing Biofilter Technology Design of Full-Scale Biofilters Costs and Economic Consideration Conclusions Biofilter Startup and Monitoring Startup Monitoring Air Load Contaminants Medium Characteristics Water Content Temperature Medium Permeability Biological Activity Humidifier Statistical Analysis Application of Biofilters Introduction The ARA-Rhein Biofilter: Wastewater Treatment Odors and VOCs Odor Control from Flavor and Fragrance Manufacturing Odor Reduction from Flavor Manufacturing in a Closed Bed Biofilter The Poughkeepsie Biofilter: Wastewater Treatment Odors Soil Biofilter to Treat Odors from a Fabric Softener Facility Small Biofilters for Gasoline Vapor Treatment at a Soil-Vapor Extraction Site Treatment of VOC Mixtures from Exhaust Air in the Wood Industry Control of VOCs from Ink Drying Operations Removal of High Concentrations of Ethanol from a Foundry Off-Gas Large Open Bed Biofilters for the Removal of VOCs and Odors High Concentration-Low Flow Biofilter for VOC Treatment Soil Biofilter for VOC Removal in Flexographic Printing Off-Gases Biofilter or Biotrickling Filter? Example of an Intermittently Watered Biotrickling Filter for Odor Control Appendix A: Symbols Appendix B: Selected Elimination Capacity Values Appendix C: Conversion Factors Appendix D: Absolute Humidity of Air Saturated With Water Appendix E: Approximate Conversion of Selected Currencies

Biochemical identification and biological origin of key odor components in livestock waste.

1998-01-01

Roderick I. Mackie , Peter G. Stroot , V. H. Varel

Animal production results in conversion of feeds into valuable products such as meat, milk, eggs, and wool as well as into unavoidable and less desirable waste products. Intensification of animal … Animal production results in conversion of feeds into valuable products such as meat, milk, eggs, and wool as well as into unavoidable and less desirable waste products. Intensification of animal numbers and increasing urbanization has resulted in considerable attention to odorous gases produced from animal wastes. It is clear that animal manure was, and still is, a valuable resource. However, it may be a major obstacle to future development of the animal industry if its impact on the environment is not properly controlled. Poor odor prevention and control from animal wastes is related to a lack of knowledge of the fundamental nature of odor and its production by farm animals. Odor, like noise, is a nuisance or disturbance and there is no universally accepted definition of an objectionable odor. Thus, regulation and control of odors in the environment is difficult because of the technical difficulties of defining odor limits and their measurement and evaluation. A variety of direct (sensory) and indirect (analytical instruments) methods for measuring odor intensity and determination of individual or key odor components are discussed. The biological origins of the four principal classes of odor compounds, namely branched- and straight-chain VFA, ammonia and volatile amines, indoles and phenols, and the volatile sulfur-containing compounds, are reviewed. Because more than 50% of N from animals is excreted as urea, one strategy to conserve N in waste is to inhibit the urease enzyme that converts urea to ammonia. Laboratory studies to evaluate di- and triamide compounds to control urea hydrolysis in slurries of cattle and swine wastes are presented. Finally, a brief overview of various intervention strategies is provided. Multiple combinations of nutritional management, housing systems, treatment options as well as storage and disposal of animal wastes will be required to reduce environmental pollution and provide for long-term sustainable growth.

Sources of fine organic aerosol. 1. Charbroilers and meat cooking operations

1991-06-01

Wolfgang F. Rogge , Lynn M. Hildemann , Monica A. Mazurek +2 more

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSources of fine organic aerosol. 1. Charbroilers and meat cooking operationsWolfgang F. Rogge, Lynn M. Hildemann, Monica A. Mazurek, Glen R. Cass, and Bernd R. T. SimoneitCite … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSources of fine organic aerosol. 1. Charbroilers and meat cooking operationsWolfgang F. Rogge, Lynn M. Hildemann, Monica A. Mazurek, Glen R. Cass, and Bernd R. T. SimoneitCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 6, 1112–1125Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/es00018a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2131Altmetric-Citations567LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Microbial Ecology of Crown Corrosion in Sewers

1991-11-01

Robert L. Islander , Joseph S. Devinny , F. Mansfeld +2 more

The sulfuric acid that causes corrosion of sewer crowns is generated by a complex microbial ecosystem. Several species capable of oxidizing sulfur compounds colonize exposed concrete. A microbial succession occurs … The sulfuric acid that causes corrosion of sewer crowns is generated by a complex microbial ecosystem. Several species capable of oxidizing sulfur compounds colonize exposed concrete. A microbial succession occurs that is ultimately dominated by Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Heterophilic symbionts consume inhibitory waste products. Characteristics of this system were investigated. Surface pH and corrosion rates of new concrete in an experimental chamber exposed to sewer gases were monitored. After an initial period in which pH varied sharply over periods of hours, days, or weeks, corrosion‐inducing microorganisms were well established. The corroding surfaces were flushed intermittently with sewage to determine whether this might serve as a control method. Heavy and frequent flushing will be necessary to significantly reduce corrosion rates.

Concentrations and Emissions of Ammonia in Livestock Buildings in Northern Europe

1998-05-01

P.W.G. Groot Koerkamp , J.H.M. Metz , G.H. Uenk +7 more

An evaluation of some fluorescent dyes for water tracing

1977-02-01

Peter L. Smart , I. M. S. Laidlaw

Eight fluorescent dyes (amino G acid, photine CU, fluorescein, lissamine FF, pyranine, rhodamine B, rhodamine WT, and sulpho rhodamine B) were compared in laboratory and field experiments to assess their … Eight fluorescent dyes (amino G acid, photine CU, fluorescein, lissamine FF, pyranine, rhodamine B, rhodamine WT, and sulpho rhodamine B) were compared in laboratory and field experiments to assess their utility in quantitative tracing work. The properties considered included sensitivity and minimum detectability, the effect of water chemistry on dye fluorescence, photochemical and biological decay rates, adsorption losses on equipment and sediments, toxicity to man and aquatic organisms, and cost. The orange fluorescent dyes are more useful than the blue and green because of the lower background fluorescence at the orange wave band, which permits higher sensitivities to be obtained. Pyranine fluorescence is strongly affected by pH over the range encountered in natural waters, which precludes its simple use in quantitative work. Amino G acid, photine CU, pyranine, and fluorescein all have high photochemical decay rates. Pyranine, lissamine FF, and amino G acid are the dyes most resistant to adsorption, but rhodamine WT, fluorescein, and sulpho rhodamine B also have moderately high resistance. Rhodamine B is readily adorbed by most materials. Rhodamine WT (orange), lissamine FF (green), and amino G acid (blue) are the three tracer dyes recommended; they may be used simultaneously to trace three injection sites with the filter combinations suggested.

Persistence of 1,2-dibromoethane in soils: entrapment in intraparticle micropores

1987-12-01

Spencer M. Steinberg , Joseph J. Pignatello , B. L. Sawhney

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPersistence of 1,2-dibromoethane in soils: entrapment in intraparticle microporesSpencer M. Steinberg, Joseph J. Pignatello, and Brij L. SawhneyCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1987, 21, 12, 1201–1208Publication Date … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPersistence of 1,2-dibromoethane in soils: entrapment in intraparticle microporesSpencer M. Steinberg, Joseph J. Pignatello, and Brij L. SawhneyCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1987, 21, 12, 1201–1208Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00165a007https://doi.org/10.1021/es00165a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views532Altmetric-Citations403LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Biotechnological Treatment of Sulfate-Rich Wastewaters

1998-01-01

Piet N.L. Lens , André W. Visser , Albert J.H. Janssen +2 more

Sulfate-rich wastewaters are generated by many industrial processes that use sulfuric acid or sulfate-rich feed stocks (e.g., fermentation or sea food processing industry). Also, the use of reduced sulfur compounds … Sulfate-rich wastewaters are generated by many industrial processes that use sulfuric acid or sulfate-rich feed stocks (e.g., fermentation or sea food processing industry). Also, the use of reduced sulfur compounds in industry, that is, sulfide (tanneries, kraft pulping), sulfite (sulfite pulping), or thiosulfate (pulp bleaching, fixing of photographs), contaminates wastewaters with sulfate. A major problem for the biological treatment of sulfate-rich wastewaters is the production of H2S. Gaseous and dissolved sulfides cause physical (corrosion, odor, increased effluent COD) or biological (toxicity) constraints that may lead to process failure. H2S is generated by sulfate-reducing bacteria, in both anaerobic and aerobic (anoxic microenvironments) wastewater treatment systems. No practical methods exist to prevent sulfate reduction. Selective inhibition of SRB by molybdate, transition elements, or antibiotics is unsuccessful at full scale. Selection of a treatment strategy for a sulfate-rich wastewater depends on the aim of the treatment. This can be (1) removal of organic matter, (2) removal of sulfate, or (3) removal of both. Theoretically, wastewaters with a COD/sulfate ratio of 0.67 or higher contain enough COD (electron donor) to remove all sulfate by sulfate-reducing bacteria. If the ratio is lower, addition of extra COD, for example, as ethanol or synthesis gas (a mixture of H2, CO2, and CO) is required. Complete COD removal in wastewaters with a COD/sulfate ratio of above 0.67 also requires methanogenic COD degradation. Methods to reduce sulfide toxicity and to allow optimal COD removal are presented. Sulfate can be removed from the wastestream by the coupling of a sulfide oxidation step to the sulfate reduction step. Sulfur can be recovered from the wastewater in case H2S is partially oxidized to insoluble elemental sulfur.

The effect of shear stress on biofilm loss rate

1982-02-01

Bruce E. Rittman

View PDF Chat

Chemical and biological technologies for hydrogen sulfide emission control in sewer systems: A review

2007-07-20

Lehua Zhang , Peter De Schryver , Bart De Gusseme +3 more

View PDF Chat

A review of the control of odour nuisance from livestock buildings: Part 3, properties of the odorous substances which have been identified in livestock wastes or in the air around them

1992-09-01

D.H. O’Neill , V.R. Phillips

Rate constants for reaction of hydroxyl radicals with several drinking water contaminants

1992-05-01

Werner R. Haag , Chenchao Yao

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRate constants for reaction of hydroxyl radicals with several drinking water contaminantsWerner R. Haag and C. C. David YaoCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 5, 1005–1013Publication … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRate constants for reaction of hydroxyl radicals with several drinking water contaminantsWerner R. Haag and C. C. David YaoCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 5, 1005–1013Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00029a021https://doi.org/10.1021/es00029a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5159Altmetric-Citations664LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Sulfate‐reducing bacteria

1996-05-01

Oliver J. Hao , Jin M. Chen , Li Huang +1 more

Abstract The corrosion of sewers and the control of odor are the major operational and maintenance problems in wastewater collection systems. The generation of hydrogen sulfide and subsequent sulfuric acid … Abstract The corrosion of sewers and the control of odor are the major operational and maintenance problems in wastewater collection systems. The generation of hydrogen sulfide and subsequent sulfuric acid results from microbially mediated reactions, by sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SBR) and sulfide‐oxidizing bacteria. This review covers pertinent information about sulfate reduction‐induced problems in general and SBR in particular. Metabolism with respect to carbon, energy, and sulfur sources, ecology, growth factors (dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and sulfide), and the competitive effects of methane‐producing bacteria on SBR are discussed. Because metals react with sulfide to form metal sulfide precipitates with extremely low solubilities, metal interactions in sulfate reduction environments are discussed.

Peer Reviewed: Tracking the Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants

1996-08-01

Frank Wania , Donald Mackay

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTPeer Reviewed: Tracking the Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants Control strategies for these contaminants will require a better understanding of how they move around the globe. Frank … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTPeer Reviewed: Tracking the Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants Control strategies for these contaminants will require a better understanding of how they move around the globe. Frank Wania and Donald MacKayCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 9, 390A–396APublication Date (Web):June 7, 2011Publication History Published online7 June 2011Published inissue 1 August 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es962399qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/es962399qresearch-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9222Altmetric-Citations1195LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Organic compounds Get e-Alerts

Techniques for transformation of biogas to biomethane

2011-03-16

Eline Ryckebosch , Margriet Drouillon , Han Vervaeren

Biofiltration of Air: A Review

2005-01-01

Marie‐Caroline Delhoménie , Michèle Heitz

In this paper we present a review of the existing air pollution control technologies (APCT), when used essentially for the elimination of volatile organic compounds (VOC). The biotechnologies referred to, … In this paper we present a review of the existing air pollution control technologies (APCT), when used essentially for the elimination of volatile organic compounds (VOC). The biotechnologies referred to, bioscrubbers, biotrickling filters and biofilters, are also described. A more detailed review of biofiltration is proposed, presenting the most recent and latest developments achieved in the field of bioprocessing. In particular, the influence of the filter bed, the polluted air flowrates, the pollutants, the pressure drop, bed moisture content, temperature, nutrients, pH and the microorganisms are reviewed. Models of biofiltration are also presented.

Reduction of Cr(VI) in the Presence of Excess Soil Fulvic Acid

1995-01-01

Paul R. Wittbrodt , Carl D. Palmer

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of Cr(VI) in the Presence of Excess Soil Fulvic AcidPaul R. Wittbrodt and Carl D. PalmerCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 1, 255–263Publication Date (Print):January … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of Cr(VI) in the Presence of Excess Soil Fulvic AcidPaul R. Wittbrodt and Carl D. PalmerCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 1, 255–263Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00001a033https://doi.org/10.1021/es00001a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1269Altmetric-Citations328LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Chemical, microbiological, and in situ test methods for biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion of concrete

2000-04-01

Joke Monteny , E Vincke , Anne Beeldens +4 more

Quantification of odors and odorants from swine operations in North Carolina

2001-06-01

Susan S. Schiffman , Jeanette L Bennett , James Raymer

Determination of dry matter in silage by distillation with toluene

1961-11-01

W. A. Dewar , P. McDonald

Abstract The determination of dry matter in silages by distillation with toluene gives satisfactory results when an allowance is made for volatiles present in the aqueous distillate. A simple correction … Abstract The determination of dry matter in silages by distillation with toluene gives satisfactory results when an allowance is made for volatiles present in the aqueous distillate. A simple correction procedure, involving a single titration of the distillate, has been developed, and the method is considered suitable for routine purposes.

Experimental determination of the diffusion coefficient of dimethylsulfide in water

1993-09-15

E. S. Saltzman , Daniel B. King , Kim Holmén +1 more

Estimates of the sea‐to‐air flux of dimethylsulfide (DMS) are based on sea surface concentration measurements and gas exchange calculations. Such calculations are dependent on the diffusivity of DMS (D DMS … Estimates of the sea‐to‐air flux of dimethylsulfide (DMS) are based on sea surface concentration measurements and gas exchange calculations. Such calculations are dependent on the diffusivity of DMS (D DMS ), which has never been experimentally determined. In this study the diffusivity of DMS in pure water was measured over a temperature range of 5°–30°C. The measurements were made using a dynamic diffusion cell in which the diffusing gas flows over one side of an agar gel membrane and the inert gas flows over the other side. The diffusion coefficient can be estimated from either time dependent or steady state analysis of the data, with an estimated uncertainty of less than 8% (1σ) in each measurement. A best fit to all the experimental results yields the equation D DMS (in cm 2 sec −1 ) = 0.020 exp (−18.1/ RT ), where R = 8.314 × 10 −3 kJ mole −1 K −1 and T is temperature in kelvin. The values of D DMS obtained in this study were 7–28% larger than estimates from the empirical formula of Hayduk and Laudie (1974) which has previously been used for DMS in gas exchange calculations. Applying these values to seawater results in an increase of less than 5% in the global oceanic flux of DMS.

View PDF Chat

Biofiltration: An Innovative Air Pollution Control Technology For VOC Emissions

1991-08-01

Gero Leson , Arthur M. Winer

Biofiltration is a relatively recent air pollution control (APC) technology in which off-gases containing biodegradable volatile organic compounds (VOC) or inorganic air toxics are vented through a biologically active material. … Biofiltration is a relatively recent air pollution control (APC) technology in which off-gases containing biodegradable volatile organic compounds (VOC) or inorganic air toxics are vented through a biologically active material. This technology has been successfully applied in Germany and The Netherlands in many full-scale applications to control odors, VOC and air toxic emissions from a wide range of industrial and public sector sources. Control efficiencies of more than 90 percent have been achieved for many common air pollutants. Due to lower operating costs, biofiltration can provide significant economic advantages over other APC technologies if applied to off-gases that contain readily biodegradable pollutants in low concentrations. Environmental benefits include low energy requirements and the avoidance of cross media transfer of pollutants. This paper reviews the history and current status of biofiltration, outlines its underlying scientific and engineering principles, and discusses the applicability of biofilters for a wide range of specific emission sources.

View PDF Chat

A review of biogas purification processes

2008-12-08

Nicolas Abatzoglou , Steve Boivin

Abstract Biogas is a valuable renewable energy carrier. It can be exploited directly as a fuel or as a raw material for the production of synthesis gas and/or hydrogen. Methane … Abstract Biogas is a valuable renewable energy carrier. It can be exploited directly as a fuel or as a raw material for the production of synthesis gas and/or hydrogen. Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the main constituents, but biogases also contain significant quantities of undesirable compounds (contaminants), such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3) and siloxanes. The existence and quantities of these contaminants depend on the biogas source (i.e., landfills, anaerobic fermentation of manure). Their presence constitutes a major problem because (i) they can be detrimental to any biogas thermal or thermocatalytic conversion device (e.g., corrosion, erosion, fouling); and (ii) they generate harmful environmental emissions. It is therefore important to include biogas purification steps upstream of its final use processes. This review is aimed at presenting the scientific and technical state‐of‐theart in biogas purification processes. Both mature, already‐applied and promising, under‐development technologies are reported and described here. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Nitrous oxide emissions as influenced by amendment of plant residues with different C:N ratios

2004-04-10

Yao Huang , Jianwen Zou , Xunhua Zheng +2 more

Emission of aliphatic amines from animal husbandry and their reactions: Potential source of N2O and HCN

1995-11-01

Gunnar W. Schade , Paul J. Crutzen

Influence of the nature of soil organics on the sorption of toluene and trichloroethylene

1986-12-01

Doug R. Garbarini , Leonard W. Lion

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of the nature of soil organics on the sorption of toluene and trichloroethyleneDoug R. Garbarini and Leonard W. LionCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1986, 20, 12, … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of the nature of soil organics on the sorption of toluene and trichloroethyleneDoug R. Garbarini and Leonard W. LionCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1986, 20, 12, 1263–1269Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00154a013https://doi.org/10.1021/es00154a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views865Altmetric-Citations266LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Dimethyl Sulfide in the Surface Ocean and the Marine Atmosphere: A Global View

1983-08-19

Meinrat O. Andreae , H. Raemdonck

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) has been identified as the major volatile sulfur compound in 628 samples of surface seawater representing most of the major oceanic ecozones. In at least three respects, … Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) has been identified as the major volatile sulfur compound in 628 samples of surface seawater representing most of the major oceanic ecozones. In at least three respects, its vertical distribution, its local patchiness, and its distribution in oceanic ecozones, the concentration of DMS in the sea exhibits a pattern similar to that of primary production. The global weighted-average concentration of DMS in surface seawater is 102 nanograms of sulfur (DMS) per liter, corresponding to a global sea-to-air flux of 39 × 10 12 grams of sulfur per year. When the biogenic sulfur contributions from the land surface are added, the biogenic sulfur gas flux is approximately equal to the anthropogenic flux of sulfur dioxide. The DMS concentration in air over the equatorial Pacific varies diurnally between 120 and 200 nanograms of sulfur (DMS) per cubic meter, in agreement with the predictions of photochemical models. The estimated source flux of DMS from the oceans to the marine atmosphere is in agreement with independently obtained estimates of the removal fluxes of DMS and its oxidation products from the atmosphere.

Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds from polluted air

2000-11-01

Faisal Khan , Aloke Kr. Ghoshal

Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in environmental technology

2015-02-19

Dana Pokorná , Jana Zábranská

Developments in odour control and waste gas treatment biotechnology: a review

2001-02-01

J.E. Burgess , Simon A. Parsons , Richard M. Stuetz

Ammonia emissions from non-agricultural sources in the UK

2000-01-01

M. A. Sutton , U. Dragosits , Y. Sim Tang +1 more

Automated measurement of the respiratory response of soil microcompartments: Active microbial biomass in earthworm faeces

1992-11-01

Stefan Scheu

The seasonal variation of dimethyl sulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate concentrations in nearshore waters1

1988-05-01

Suzanne M. Turner , Gill Malin , Peter S. Liss +2 more

Concentrations of biogenic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in seawater around mainland Britain in winter and summer (1985) ranged from 1 to 1,100 ng S (DMS) liter −1 . The mean winter … Concentrations of biogenic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in seawater around mainland Britain in winter and summer (1985) ranged from 1 to 1,100 ng S (DMS) liter −1 . The mean winter DMS concentration was 4 ng S (DMS) liter −1 compared with the mean summer concentration of 220. Analyses of phytoplankton species composition in summer indicate that the main sources of DMS were coccolithophores, various dinoflagellates including the bloom species Gyrodinium aureolum, and certain unidentified taxa of small flagellates. Concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of DMS, were measured in 53 of the summer samples, and its mean concentration was about an order of magnitude greater than that of DMS. Particulate (>0.2 µ m) and dissolved fractions of DMSP were operationally resolved, with the latter showing the stronger correlation with DMS. Preliminary estimates for the areal and temporal average flux of sulfur (DMS) from the North Sea to the atmosphere during summer are of the order of 10 3 µ g S m −2 d −1 , a 60‐fold increase over winter flux. Biogenic emission in summer is equivalent to about 16% of the spatially averaged anthropogenic emission from Europe.

Increased sheep lung vascular permeability caused by Escherichia coli endotoxin.

1979-08-01

Kenneth L. Brigham , Ronald E. Bowers , Johnson Haynes

We infused Escherichia coli endotoxin, 0.07-1.33 microgram/kg, intravenously into chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep and measured pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures, lung lymph flow, lymph and blood plasma protein concentrations, … We infused Escherichia coli endotoxin, 0.07-1.33 microgram/kg, intravenously into chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep and measured pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures, lung lymph flow, lymph and blood plasma protein concentrations, and arterial blood gases. Endotoxin caused a biphasic reaction: an early phase of pulmonary hypertension and a long late phase of steady state increased pulmonary vascular permeability during which pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures were not increased significantly and lung lymph flow was 5 times the baseline value. Lymph: plasma total protein concentration ratio during the late phase (0.76 +/- 0.04) was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than during baseline (0.66 +/- 0.03). The lymph response was reproducible. Lung lymph clearance of endogenous proteins with molecular radii (r) 35.5 to 96 A was increased during the steady state late phase of the reaction, but, as during baseline, clearance decreased as r increased. The endotoxin reaction was similar to the reaction to infusing whole Pseudomonas bacteria, except that endotoxin had less effect on pressures during the steady state response and caused a relatively larger increase in lymph clearance of large proteins. We conclude that E. coli endotoxin in sheep causes a long period of increased lung vascular permeability and may have a greater effect on large solute pathways across microvessels than do Pseudomonas bacteria.

View PDF Chat

Ammonia emission from field applied manure and its reduction—invited paper

2001-09-01

Sven G. Sommer , N.J. Hutchings

Review: Ammonia emissions from dairy farms and beef feedlots

2011-03-01

A.N. Hristov , M.D. Hanigan , Andy Cole +4 more

Hristov, A. N., Hanigan, M., Cole, A., Todd, R., McAllister T. A., Ndegwa, P. and Rotz, A. 2011. Review: Ammonia emissions from dairy farms and beef feedlots. Can. J. Anim. … Hristov, A. N., Hanigan, M., Cole, A., Todd, R., McAllister T. A., Ndegwa, P. and Rotz, A. 2011. Review: Ammonia emissions from dairy farms and beef feedlots. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 1–35. Ammonia emitted from animal feeding operations is an environmental and human health hazard, contributing to eutrophication of surface waters and nitrate contamination of ground waters, soil acidity, and fine particulate matter formation. It may also contribute to global warming through nitrous oxide formation. Along with these societal concerns, ammonia emission is a net loss of manure fertilizer value to the producer. A significant portion of cattle manure nitrogen, primarily from urinary urea, is converted to ammonium and eventually lost to the atmosphere as ammonia. Determining ammonia emissions from cattle operations is complicated by the multifaceted nature of the factors regulating ammonia volatilization, such as manure management, ambient temperature, wind speed, and manure composition and pH. Approaches to quantify ammonia emissions include micrometeorological methods, mass balance accounting and enclosures. Each method has its advantages, disadvantages and appropriate application. It is also of interest to determine the ammonia emitting potential of manure (AEP) independent of environmental factors. The ratio of nitrogen to non-volatile minerals (phosphorus, potassium, ash) or nitrogen isotopes ratio in manure has been suggested as a useful indicator of AEP. Existing data on ammonia emission factors and flux rates are extremely variable. For dairy farms, emission factors from 0.82 to 250 g ammonia per cow per day have been reported, with an average of 59 g per cow per day (n=31). Ammonia flux rates for dairy farms averaged 1.03 g m −2 h −1 (n=24). Ammonia losses are significantly greater from beef feedlots, where emission factors average 119 g per animal per day (n=9) with values as high as 280 g per animal per day. Ammonia flux rate for beef feedlots averaged 0.174 g m −2 h −1 (n=12). Using nitrogen mass balance approaches, daily ammonia nitrogen losses of 25 to 50% of the nitrogen excreted in manure have been estimated for dairy cows and feedlot cattle. Practices to mitigate ammonia emissions include reducing excreted N (particularly urinary N), acidifying ammonia sources, or binding ammonium to a substrate. Reducing crude protein concentration in cattle diets and ruminal protein degradability are powerful tools for reducing N excretion, AEP, and whole-farm ammonia emissions. Reducing dietary protein can also benefit the producer by reducing feed cost. These interventions, however, have to be balanced with the risk of lost production. Manure treatment techniques that reduce volatile N species (e.g., urease inhibition, pH reduction, nitrification-denitrification) are also effective for mitigating ammonia emissions. Another option for reducing ammonia emissions is capture and treatment of released ammonia. Examples in the latter category include biofilters, permeable and impermeable covers, and manure incorporation into the soil for crop or pasture production. Process-level simulation of ammonia formation and emission provides a useful tool for estimating emissions over a wide range of production practices and evaluating the potential benefits of mitigation strategies. Reducing ammonia emissions from dairy and beef cattle operations is critical to achieving environmentally sustainable animal production that will benefit producers and society at large.

View PDF Chat

Bioreactors for treatment of VOCs and odours – A review

2010-02-24

Sandeep N. Mudliar , Balendu Shekher Giri , K.V. Padoley +6 more

NICHE SEPARATION IN COMMUNITY ANALYSIS: A NEW METHOD

2000-10-01

Sylvain Dolédec , Daniel Chessel , Clémentine Gimaret-Carpentier

The design and objective of a community study imply the selection of the appropriate ordination technique in terms of species response models and weighting options. In this paper, we start … The design and objective of a community study imply the selection of the appropriate ordination technique in terms of species response models and weighting options. In this paper, we start from the observation that existing two-table ordination techniques and related measures of niche breadth inevitably weight a sample in proportion to its abundance. We introduce a new multivariate method, which gives a more even weight to all sampling units, including those which are species poor or individual poor. We use this new method of analysis which we call OMI (for Outlying Mean Index) to address the question of niche separation and niche breadth. The Outlying Mean Index, or species marginality, measures the distance between the mean habitat conditions used by species (species centroid), and the mean habitat conditions of the sampling area (origin of the niche hyperspace), and OMI analysis places species along habitat conditions using a maximization of their mean OMI. Therefore, the position of the species depends on their niche deviation from a reference, which represents neither the mean nor the most abundant species, but a theoretical ubiquitous species that tolerates the most general habitat conditions (i.e., a hypothetical species uniformly distributed among habitat conditions). We demonstrate that OMI analysis is well suited for the investigation of multidimensional niche breadths in the case of strong limiting factors (e.g., meteorological conditions) or strong driving forces (e.g., longitudinal stream gradient). Furthermore, the analysis helps in finding which ecological factors are most important for community structure and organization and provides a separation of species based on their niche characteristics.

Transformation of Sulfur Compounds by an Abundant Lineage of Marine Bacteria in the α-Subclass of the Class Proteobacteria

1999-09-01

José M. González , Ronald P. Kiene , Mary Ann Moran

ABSTRACT Members of a group of marine bacteria that is numerically important in coastal seawater and sediments were characterized with respect to their ability to transform organic and inorganic sulfur … ABSTRACT Members of a group of marine bacteria that is numerically important in coastal seawater and sediments were characterized with respect to their ability to transform organic and inorganic sulfur compounds. Fifteen strains representing the Roseobacter group (a phylogenetic cluster of marine bacteria in the α-subclass of the class Proteobacteria ) were isolated from seawater, primarily from the southeastern United States. Although more than one-half of the isolates were obtained without any selection for sulfur metabolism, all of the isolates were able to degrade the sulfur-containing osmolyte dimethyl sulfoniopropionate (DMSP) with production of dimethyl sulfide (DMS). Five isolates also degraded DMSP with production of methanethiol, indicating that both cleavage and demethylation pathways for DMSP occurred in the same organism, which is unusual. Five isolates were able to reduce dimethyl sulfoxide to DMS, and several isolates also degraded DMS and methanethiol. Sulfite oxygenase activity and methanesulfonic acid oxygenase activity were also present in some of the isolates. The ability to incorporate the reduced sulfur in DMSP and methanethiol into cellular material was studied with one of the isolates. A group-specific 16S rRNA probe indicated that the relative abundance of uncultured bacteria in the Roseobacter group increased in seawater enriched with DMSP or DMS. Because this group typically accounts for >10% of the 16S ribosomal DNA pool in coastal seawater and sediments of the southern United States, clues about its potential biogeochemical role are of particular interest. Studies of culturable representatives suggested that the group could mediate a number of steps in the cycling of both organic and inorganic forms of sulfur in marine environments.

View PDF Chat

Succession of Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria in the Microbial Community on Corroding Concrete in Sewer Systems

2006-12-02

Satoshi Okabe , Mitsunori Odagiri , Tsukasa Ito +1 more

Microbially induced concrete corrosion (MICC) in sewer systems has been a serious problem for a long time. A better understanding of the succession of microbial community members responsible for the … Microbially induced concrete corrosion (MICC) in sewer systems has been a serious problem for a long time. A better understanding of the succession of microbial community members responsible for the production of sulfuric acid is essential for the efficient control of MICC. In this study, the succession of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in the bacterial community on corroding concrete in a sewer system in situ was investigated over 1 year by culture-independent 16S rRNA gene-based molecular techniques. Results revealed that at least six phylotypes of SOB species were involved in the MICC process, and the predominant SOB species shifted in the following order: Thiothrix sp., Thiobacillus plumbophilus, Thiomonas intermedia, Halothiobacillus neapolitanus, Acidiphilium acidophilum, and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. A. thiooxidans, a hyperacidophilic SOB, was the most dominant (accounting for 70% of EUB338-mixed probe-hybridized cells) in the heavily corroded concrete after 1 year. This succession of SOB species could be dependent on the pH of the concrete surface as well as on trophic properties (e.g., autotrophic or mixotrophic) and on the ability of the SOB to utilize different sulfur compounds (e.g., H2S, S0, and S2O3(2-)). In addition, diverse heterotrophic bacterial species (e.g., halo-tolerant, neutrophilic, and acidophilic bacteria) were associated with these SOB. The microbial succession of these microorganisms was involved in the colonization of the concrete and the production of sulfuric acid. Furthermore, the vertical distribution of microbial community members revealed that A. thiooxidans was the most dominant throughout the heavily corroded concrete (gypsum) layer and that A. thiooxidans was most abundant at the highest surface (1.5-mm) layer and decreased logarithmically with depth because of oxygen and H2S transport limitations. This suggested that the production of sulfuric acid by A. thiooxidans occurred mainly on the concrete surface and the sulfuric acid produced penetrated through the corroded concrete layer and reacted with the sound concrete below.

View PDF Chat

Kinetics of organic compound removal from waste gases with a biological filter

1983-12-01

S. P. P. Ottengraf , A. H. C. Van Den Oever

Abstract In order to eliminate organic pollutants in waste gases, a biological filter bed technique has been developed, with a high self‐regenerating capacity and a low pressure drop. The bed … Abstract In order to eliminate organic pollutants in waste gases, a biological filter bed technique has been developed, with a high self‐regenerating capacity and a low pressure drop. The bed consists of an appropriate filling material (mainly peat compost), in order to let the microorganisms grow on the solid surface and to supply them with inorganic nutrients. Most organic compounds are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. The compositions of the solid phase and the viable organisms present are such that aging is prevented, as a result of which a relatively high activity can be maintained during a long period of time (years). Experiments have been carried out in laboratory‐scale columns with composite gas mixtures at varied concentrations and superficial gas velocities. The (macro) kinetics of the elimination processes have been studied, which enables the prediction of the elimination capacity of the filter bed.

View PDF Chat

Removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas streams using biological processes - a review.

2006-01-01

Murtuza Ali Syed , Gabriela Soreanu , P. Falletta +1 more

Syed, M., Soreanu, G., Falletta, P. and Beland M. 2006. Removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas streams using biological processes A review. Canadian Biosystems Engineering/Le genie des biosystemes au Canada … Syed, M., Soreanu, G., Falletta, P. and Beland M. 2006. Removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas streams using biological processes A review. Canadian Biosystems Engineering/Le genie des biosystemes au Canada 48: 2.1 2.14. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic and odorous compound present in biogas produced by the anaerobic digestion of biosolids and other organic materials. Due to its corrosive nature in internal combustion engines, biological hydrogen sulfide removal processes are being investigated to overcome the chemical and disposal costs associated with existing chemically-based removal processes. Both phototrophic and chemotrophic bacteria are suitable candidate microorganisms for hydrogen sulfide bioxidation. Phototrophic C. limicola is an ideal bacterium in these biological removal processes due to its ability to grow under anaerobic conditions using only inorganic substrates and a light source and its efficient extracellular production of elemental sulfur from H2S. Phototrophic fixed-film reactors are an interesting concept for cost-effective H2S removal from biogas due to their ability to operate for long periods of time without requiring a biomass separation step and their ability to operate under higher and variable loadings. However, a light source is one of the key constraints for this process. Chemotrophic bacteria can also be used in fixed-film reactors to produce elemental sulfur instead of sulfate under controlled oxygen conditions. These bioscrubbers are gaining acceptance for treating hydrogen sulfide containing gases from a wide variety of sources such as biogas, off-gases from wastewater treatment plants, livestock farms, etc. The biofilter medium is inexpensive and may contain sufficient micro-nutrients for the microbial communities. Future research needs include the optimization of the anaerobic biofiltration process, the development of a system combining the advantages of phototrophic and chemotrophic bacteria and the possible co-removal of siloxanes within this process.

Ammonia emission factors for UK agriculture

2000-01-01

T. H. Misselbrook , Tony J. van der Weerden , B. F. Pain +5 more

Atmospheric nitrogen compounds II: emissions, transport, transformation, deposition and assessment

2001-04-01

Viney P. Aneja

Concentrations and Emissions of Airborne Dust in Livestock Buildings in Northern Europe

1998-05-01

Hisamitsu Takai , S. Pedersen , J.O. Johnsen +7 more

Measurement of the diffusion coefficients of sparingly soluble gases in water

1987-09-15

Bernd Jähne , Gerhard Heinz , Wolfgang Dietrich

The diffusion coefficients D of important gas tracers dissolved in water and seawater were measured with a modified Barrer method. The measurements include the gases He, Ne, Kr, Xe, H … The diffusion coefficients D of important gas tracers dissolved in water and seawater were measured with a modified Barrer method. The measurements include the gases He, Ne, Kr, Xe, H 2 , CH 4 , and CO 2 dissolved in distilled water in the temperature range from 5 to 35°C, and He and H 2 dissolved in seawater in the same temperature range. The maximum systematic error is estimated to be well below 5%. The isotopic fractionation in the diffusion coefficient, ∈ D , was determined to be (−0.87 ± 0.05)‰ for 13 CO 2 / 12 CO 2 and (15 ± 3)% for 3 He/ 4 He.

Challenges and solutions for biofiltration of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds

2016-07-01

Yan Cheng , Huijun He , Chunping Yang +4 more

Bioremediation techniques–classification based on site of application: principles, advantages, limitations and prospects

2016-09-16

Christopher Chibueze Azubuike , Chioma Blaise Chikere , G. C. Okpokwasili

Environmental pollution has been on the rise in the past few decades owing to increased human activities on energy reservoirs, unsafe agricultural practices and rapid industrialization. Amongst the pollutants that … Environmental pollution has been on the rise in the past few decades owing to increased human activities on energy reservoirs, unsafe agricultural practices and rapid industrialization. Amongst the pollutants that are of environmental and public health concerns due to their toxicities are: heavy metals, nuclear wastes, pesticides, green house gases, and hydrocarbons. Remediation of polluted sites using microbial process (bioremediation) has proven effective and reliable due to its eco-friendly features. Bioremediation can either be carried out ex situ or in situ, depending on several factors, which include but not limited to cost, site characteristics, type and concentration of pollutants. Generally, ex situ techniques apparently are more expensive compared to in situ techniques as a result of additional cost attributable to excavation. However, cost of on-site installation of equipment, and inability to effectively visualize and control the subsurface of polluted sites are of major concerns when carrying out in situ bioremediation. Therefore, choosing appropriate bioremediation technique, which will effectively reduce pollutant concentrations to an innocuous state, is crucial for a successful bioremediation project. Furthermore, the two major approaches to enhance bioremediation are biostimulation and bioaugmentation provided that environmental factors, which determine the success of bioremediation, are maintained at optimal range. This review provides more insight into the two major bioremediation techniques, their principles, advantages, limitations and prospects.

View PDF Chat

95/00859 Environmental geochemistry of sulfide oxidation

1995-01-01

Safety Assessment: Outcome of Assessment of 3-Nitrooxypropanol “3 NOP” as a Feed Additive for All Ruminants for Milk Production and Reproduction, From DSM Nutritional Products Reference Number RP1059

2025-06-25

| FSA research and evidence.

An application was submitted to the Food Standards Agency in April 2021 from DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., UK (“the applicant”) for the authorisation of an additive (Bovaer® 10) containing a … An application was submitted to the Food Standards Agency in April 2021 from DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., UK (“the applicant”) for the authorisation of an additive (Bovaer® 10) containing a minimum 10% 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP), under the category of ‘zootechnical’ additives, functional group ‘substances which favourably affect the environment’. The additive is a preparation of a minimum 10% 3-NOP, aiming to supply a minimum of 52.8 mg 3-NOP and a maximum of 88 mg 3-NOP per kg of complete feedstuff (moisture content of 12%) for all ruminants for milk production and reproduction. To support the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS) in evaluating the dossier, the Animal Feed and Feed Additives Joint Expert Group (AFFAJEG) and the Advisory Committee on Animal Feedingstuffs (ACAF) were asked to review the dossier and the supplementary information from the applicant. ACAF concluded that 3-NOP can be considered safe for the target species, establishing a margin of tolerance of 2. The additive can be considered safe for consumers, with an established ADI of 0.3 mg/kg bw. The additive should be considered corrosive to the eyes, a skin irritant and potentially harmful by inhalation; it is not a skin sensitizer. It was concluded the additive poses an acceptable risk to the environment. ACAF concluded that the additive can be considered efficacious. The views of AFFAJEG and ACAF have been taken into account in the safety assessment which represents the opinion of the FSA and FSS.

Illicit Sewage Connection Fuels CH4 and CO2 Emissions in Storm Sewer: Tracking from Sources to Mechanical Influences

2025-06-24

Hao Chen , Yali Guo , Ning Fang +7 more | ACS ES&T Engineering

Ammonia Leakage and Safety Research: A Century of Progress, Present Risks, and Future Directions through a Bibliometric Lens

2025-06-24

Mohamad Xazaquan Mansor Ali , Mohammad Lui Juhari , Kadir Arifin +3 more | PaperAsia

Ammonia is a vital compound in global agriculture and an emerging player in the clean energy transition. However, its toxicological profile and volatile nature pose significant environmental and human health … Ammonia is a vital compound in global agriculture and an emerging player in the clean energy transition. However, its toxicological profile and volatile nature pose significant environmental and human health risks. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of ammonia leakage research, focusing on its safety and health dimensions. Two hundred twenty-four publications were carefully selected and analysed for frequency, co-authorship, and keyword co-occurrence using Scopus-indexed data from 1918 to 2025. Results indicate a sharp rise in research output over the past decade, driven by growing industrial applications, environmental concerns, and technological innovation. Five thematic research clusters were identified: industrial risk and engineering safety; environmental contamination and groundwater pollution; biochemical and ecological system dynamics; biomedical and toxicological effects; and agricultural nutrient management. The analysis highlights China and the United States as global research output and influence leaders. Technological advances in sensor-based detection, predictive modelling, and bioremediation shape a multidimensional response to ammonia-related hazards. The study reveals a strong trend toward interdisciplinary collaboration and the integration of computational, biomedical, and environmental science. It concludes with a call for integrated risk frameworks and proactive policy strategies to ensure safe ammonia deployment across energy, agricultural, and industrial systems.

Air quality in Poland and the potential of elimination of odours from organic waste: a review of the literature

2025-06-23

Patrycja Żesławska , Iwona Zawieja , Małgorzata Worwąg | Economics and Environment

In Poland, the problem of odour emissions is mainly associated with the agricultural sector, industry and municipal management. Odours pose a serious environmental challenge, negatively affecting both the quality of … In Poland, the problem of odour emissions is mainly associated with the agricultural sector, industry and municipal management. Odours pose a serious environmental challenge, negatively affecting both the quality of human life and the state of the environment. The aim of this article was to review the literature on the possibility of eliminating odours, in terms of sustainable development. The article describes the characteristics of air quality in Poland, taking into account selected odour compounds emitted into the atmosphere, assesses odour nuisance, paying particular attention to the characteristics of pollutants from animal husbandry and the possibility of elimination using the biofiltration process, in addition, the impact of air pollutants on human health and the functioning of ecosystems is determined, basic regulations and the possibility of odour management are detailed. It should be noted that animal husbandry is a key source of odour emissions. Technologies (including biofiltration) that rely on microorganisms to biologically break down pollutants can effectively reduce malodourous compounds emitted into the air. In the absence of unified standards and regulations relating to odourant emissions, it is crucial to carry out activities aimed at establishing clear air quality regulations. It is essential to reduce the negative effects of odourant emissions based on sustainable solutions.

Evaluation of the performance of iron-supplemented pelletised compost as packing material in biofilters for odour abatement in domestic wastewater treatment plants

2025-06-20

S. Sáez-Orviz , Raquel Lebrero , Lara Terrén +4 more | The Science of The Total Environment

Odour emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a growing concern due to their negative impact on both workers and surrounding communities, with compounds like H2S, NH3 and volatile organic … Odour emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a growing concern due to their negative impact on both workers and surrounding communities, with compounds like H2S, NH3 and volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) contributing to air pollution and potential health issues. Biological technologies, such as biofilters (BFs), are an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective platform for odour control in WWTPs. The use of by-products from WWTPs as packed bed material in BFs would support a circular economy within the water sector. This research evaluates the performance of iron-doped pelletised compost from WWTP sludge by-products as packing material in BFs during the removal of H2S, NH3 and VOCs at empty bed residence time (EBRT). The experimental set-up consisted of three 8-L BFs filled with commercial iron-doped clay pellets (control), pelletised sewage sludge compost and pelletised sewage sludge compost doped with Fe salts. The three BFs achieved a complete removal of H2S and NH3 at EBRTs of 60, 45, 30 and 20 s, while VOC removal exceeded 90 % at EBRTs of 60 and 45 s. The pelletised iron-doped sewage sludge compost supported VOCs removals above 92 % at 60, 45 and 30 s of EBRT. This bed material promoted the growth of genera such as Thermomonas and Thiobacillus among others. This research demonstrated the potential of using WWTP sludge by-products as bed materials in BFs for odour abatement, thus supporting the implementation of the circular economy concept within the integrated water cycle.

The Future of Ammonia Use in 30 Years: A Deliberative Experimental Study Envisioning the Perspective of a Future Generation

2025-06-20

Yoshinori Nakagawa , Kentaro Hayashi , Kazuyo Matsubae +3 more | Global Sustainability

Quantitative longitudinal assessment of volatile organic silicon compounds in biogas from landfills and wastewater treatment plants

2025-06-19

Qinghui Meng , M. Ramı́rez-del-Solar , Nanta Sophonrat +1 more | Waste Management

Extensive use of organic silicon compounds in consumer products has led to their presence in landfills and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), hindering energy production from waste-derived biogas. This work broadly … Extensive use of organic silicon compounds in consumer products has led to their presence in landfills and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), hindering energy production from waste-derived biogas. This work broadly characterized the scope and scale of volatile silicon species in biogas by consolidating global data from the literature and applying statistical analysis. The current work also includes original data from two United States (US) Midwest landfills for a period of two years. The data from the literature showed siloxanes are present at similar levels worldwide in landfills and WWTPs, with no clear trends over time. Most of the data in the literature were from European countries, with fewer data from US and Asian countries. Statistical analysis shows that trimethylsilanol (TMSO) correlated well with the total siloxane content of landfill biogas (R2 = 0.96), and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) correlated well with the total siloxane content of WWTP biogas (R2 = 0.95). The strong correlations identified in the current work suggest TMSO and D5 can serve as sentinel species for total siloxane content monitoring. Results from sampling the Midwest landfill sites showed similar species and concentration trends as found with the literature data, except for octamethyltrisiloxane (L3). The new quantitative results on local and global siloxane trends provide a foundation of biogas characteristics that may be helpful for species measuring and monitoring, gas clean-up development, and resource recovery. The results also underscore the need for additional data from diverse sources to assess challenges and enable solutions for waste-derived biogas systems.

Flow velocity-dependent methane emissions in sewage pipelines: Mechanistic insights from substrate metabolism to microbial trait dynamics

2025-06-19

Hongqi Jin , Zhicheng Wei , Qian Feng +4 more | Journal of Water Process Engineering

Atmospheric emerging pollutants of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes across the Yangtze River Delta region revealed by mobile measurements

2025-06-17

Lin Cheng , Yunhua Chang , H. Yu +3 more | Chemosphere

Compact and cost-effective autofluorescence sensor for real-time environmental biofilm monitoring

2025-06-17

In Ho Kim , Jae Hak Shin , Sang Bin Jeong +3 more | Environmental Research

Study on the Characteristics of TPH in Groundwater and Its Biodegradation Mechanism in Typical Petrochemical Enterprises in Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing

2025-06-16

Qi Li , Bing Xia , Wenbing Ji +7 more | Water

Through sampling and analysis of 20 groundwater monitoring wells from nine oil storage enterprises in the Jiangbei New District of Nanjing, the pollution characteristics and chemical spatial distribution of total … Through sampling and analysis of 20 groundwater monitoring wells from nine oil storage enterprises in the Jiangbei New District of Nanjing, the pollution characteristics and chemical spatial distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the groundwater of the study area were revealed. TPH was detected in all 20 groundwater samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.26 to 90.24 mg/L. A factor analysis identified two principal factors, F1 and F2, representing the biodegradation processes of iron–manganese reduction and sulfate reduction, respectively. A correlation analysis showed that TPH was significantly positively correlated with total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, Fe, Mn2+, and oxygen consumption, but its correlation with sulfides and SO42− was not significant. A further multiple regression analysis indicated that the relative contribution rates of electron acceptors followed the order of iron reduction (90.62%) > manganese reduction (9.35%) > sulfate reduction (0.032%), suggesting that TPH biodegradation is primarily dominated by iron–manganese reduction. Additionally, the study found that microbial growth was more robust in freshwater environments, facilitating TPH degradation, whereas saline environments inhibited microbial activity, thereby hindering TPH degradation.

Analysis of temporal trends and accumulation potential of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in a temperate freshwater lake ecosystem

2025-06-14

Jaeshin Kim , Rita M. Seston , Jeremy Durham +1 more | The Science of The Total Environment

Bioaccumulation potential and temporal trends in concentrations of cyclic volatile siloxanes (cVMS) were investigated in Lake Pepin, Minnesota, USA. Trophic magnification of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) was … Bioaccumulation potential and temporal trends in concentrations of cyclic volatile siloxanes (cVMS) were investigated in Lake Pepin, Minnesota, USA. Trophic magnification of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) was assessed in this aquatic ecosystem using δ15N as a continuous variable for assessing trophic levels. Trophic dilution was observed for the cVMS in this food web, with trophic magnification factors (TMFs) for D4 and D5 <1.0 (range 0.1 to 0.3), while the detection frequency of D6 was too low to calculate a TMF. For comparison, measured TMF values for PCB-180, a highly-lipophilic chemical known to undergo biomagnification, indicated trophic magnification in this food web. Biota to sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) calculated for cVMS in mayfly nymphs were below the threshold which would indicate bioaccumulation. In addition, a long-term monitoring project was conducted to examine temporal trends in concentrations of cVMS in aquatic biota and surface sediment from Lake Pepin, based on eight years of data (2011-2016, 2018-2019). Concentrations of D4 in a majority of sediment and biota samples were less than limits of quantification (LOQs), as were concentrations of D6 in biota, precluding temporal trend analysis. Lipid-normalized concentrations of D5 in biota showed log-linear annual changes ranging from -13 % to -11 % with mixed statistical significances (p < 0.05 for mayfly nymphs; p > 0.05 for gizzard shad, and sauger). In sediment, log-linear annual changes for OC-normalized concentrations were similar for D5 and D6, at -10 % and - 11 %, respectively. Collectively, these data demonstrate that trophic magnification of cVMS in the aquatic food web is not occurring and that sediment and biota concentrations of cVMS in this aquatic ecosystem generally decreased over the study period.

In Focus: Biotechniques for air pollution control and biorefinery

2025-06-11

Christian Kennes | Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology

A comprehensive review on the treatment technologies of on-road waste gas: Focusing on exhaust and asphalt VOCs reduction

2025-06-01

Bochao Zhou , Hailong Li , Guanyu Gong +2 more | Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

Toxic chlorine gas cloud in Vilanova: lessons to learn

2025-06-01

Jordi Rello , Joan B. Soriano | The Lancet Respiratory Medicine

Ferrous activated sodium percarbonate for controlling sulfide and methane production in sewer sediment

2025-06-01

Hongxu Bao , Wan-Xin Yin , Shuai Liu +4 more | Bioresource Technology

Mechanistic investigation of sodium sulfosuccinate surfactant dialkyl chain structure on coal dust pollution control

2025-06-01

Yunfei Liang , Jiangshi Zhang , Leiming Fang +7 more | Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects

Risk Assessment and Management Strategies for Odor Release During the Emergency Excavation of VOC-Contaminated Wastes

2025-05-30

Xiaowei Xu , Jun Zhang , Yi Wang +5 more | Toxics

This study examines the assessment and management strategies for odor risks during emergency cleanup of VOC-contaminated waste. By analyzing illegally dumped VOC waste, the impact on odor intensity levels and … This study examines the assessment and management strategies for odor risks during emergency cleanup of VOC-contaminated waste. By analyzing illegally dumped VOC waste, the impact on odor intensity levels and exceedance probabilities in nearby residential areas was evaluated. Utilizing a VOC source emission model, a Gaussian plume dispersion model, and Monte Carlo simulations under various meteorological conditions, the effectiveness of the control measures was assessed. Key pollutants included ethylbenzene, toluene, styrene, and m/p-xylene, which, despite posing minimal short-term health risks (PHI: 0.17–0.64), exhibited significant odor risks (Odor PHI: 127–1156). At 20 m from the source, the probability of the odor intensity exceeding Level 2.5 approached 100%, decreasing to 85% at 50 m and further declining with distance. Atmospheric stability shifts—from very unstable (Class A) to stable (Class F)—increased the odor intensity from 0.5 to 2.5. Under moderately stable conditions (Class E), m/p-xylene had a 44.2% probability of exceeding an odor intensity level of 2.5. Even at 250 m, the odor intensity levels ranged between 1.2 and 1.7, remaining perceptible. Effective mitigation strategies include establishing appropriate buffer distances and using adsorption materials like activated carbon.

Evaluation of the petrogenic source of nitrogen in an alpine watershed

2025-05-28

Jil d’Erceville , Ilann Bourgeois , Didier Voisin | ARPHA Conference Abstracts

Declining snow cover duration and increasing summer temperature observed in recent decades have impacted key processes of the critical zone at high elevation such as rock weathering, soil microbial activity … Declining snow cover duration and increasing summer temperature observed in recent decades have impacted key processes of the critical zone at high elevation such as rock weathering, soil microbial activity and primary productivity. For example, we observed a disproportionate greening (i.e. a long-term increase of vegetation cover) of sparsely vegetated, late snow melting sites that has yet to be explained. Factors locally alleviating nutrient limitation inherent to high elevation barren landscapes could drive spatially heterogenous soil development and greening, which calls for a thorough evaluation of nutrient budgets in those environments, with a focus here on nitrogen. Our study site is the “vallon de Roche Noire”, a highly instrumented watershed located near the Lautaret pass (2000 m a.s.l.), where atmospheric deposition and streamwater monitoring give us good overall constraints on the nitrogen budget, and where recent efforts to detect greenness changes at high spatial resolution (30m) have allowed us to identify sparsely vegetated, late snow melting sites as “hotspots of greening”. We use here a combination fieldwork, laboratory analyses and experimental incubations to evaluate the potential geogenic source of nitrogen and its contribution to the overall nitrogen budget of the watershed. In particuliar, we use the isotopic signature of the rock leachates, determined from the experimental incubations, and from atmospheric deposition to infer their respective contributions to the outlet.

Nutritional approaches to reduce ammonia and odorous compounds from pig manure

2025-05-26

Seung Bin Yoo , Yoon Soo Song , Sung Woo Kim +1 more

Biological Treatments for VOC-Contaminated Off-Gas: Advances, Challenges, and Energetic Valorization Opportunities

2025-05-23

João R. Silva , Rosa M. Quinta‐Ferreira , Luís M. Castro

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are major contributors to the burgeoning air pollution issue, predominantly from industrial areas, with well-documented environmental and health risks, which demand efficient and sustainable control policies. … Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are major contributors to the burgeoning air pollution issue, predominantly from industrial areas, with well-documented environmental and health risks, which demand efficient and sustainable control policies. This review analyzes the current technological challenges and investigates recent developments in biological treatment technologies for VOC-contaminated off-gases, including biofilters, biotrickling filters, and bioscrubber, as well as emerging technologies, such as bioaugmentation and microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Operational performance, economic feasibility, and adaptability to various industrial applications are assessed, alongside opportunities for integration with other technologies, including energy recovery technologies. Biological systems offer considerable advantages regarding cost savings and lower environmental impacts and enhanced operational flexibility, particularly when combined with innovative materials and microbial optimization techniques. Nevertheless, challenges persist, such as choosing the best treatment settings suited to different VOC streams and addressing biofilm control concerns and scalability. Overall, biological VOC treatments are encouraging sustainable solutions, though continued research into reactor design, microbial dynamics, and MFC-based energetic valorization is essential for broader industrial application. These insights cover advancements and highlight the continuous need for innovative prowess to forge sustainable VOC pollution control.

Mitigating hydrogen sulfide emissions from wastewater sludge using ferric chloride-foam spraying: an effective alternative to FC mixing

2025-05-23

Rabin K.C. , Prakash Gautam , Seung‐Woo Jeong

Peri-urban ammonia emissions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei decrease with restructuring of China's livestock industry

2025-05-22

Xiangwen Fan , Haodan Wang , Wilfried Winiwarter +3 more

Corrigendum to “Modeling ammonia emissions from manure in conventional, organic, and grazing dairy systems and practices to mitigate emissions” (J. Dairy Sci. 107:359–382)

2025-05-21

Horacio A. Aguirre‐Villegas , Caleb Besson , Rebecca A. Larson

Volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs) in sewage effluent from different origins: a comprehensive seasonal analysis

2025-05-20

Fábio Bernardo , Francisco Sánchez-Soberón , Lorena Vidal +4 more

Insights into microbial removal of ammonia and nitrous oxide from biological air purification reactors used for livestock farming: a review

2025-05-19

Tomoko Yasuda , Miyoko Waki , Yasuyuki Fukumoto

Advantages and Limitations of Measurement Methods for Assessing Odour Nuisance in Air—A Comparative Review

2025-05-18

Izabela Wysocka , Marcin Dębowski

The odour quality of atmospheric air plays an important role in the comfort of life and human health. Odours can originate from various sources, including municipal facilities, the agricultural and … The odour quality of atmospheric air plays an important role in the comfort of life and human health. Odours can originate from various sources, including municipal facilities, the agricultural and food sectors or industrial plants. A holistic approach to reducing the formation and emission of odorous substances should therefore include the development of odour-neutral process solutions, deodorisation techniques and analytics to measure and monitoring such pollutants in the atmosphere. The implementation of appropriate measures in these three areas can enable the effective management and control of odour emissions. The aim of the work is to carry out a comparative analysis of current methods for measuring the content of odorous substances in the air and for monitoring this type of pollutant. The characterisation of existing solutions carried out became the basis for determining the strengths and weaknesses of the applied protocols and indicating the directions for their further development and improvement.

Assessment of Odour Emission During the Composting Process by Using Olfactory Methods and Gas Sensor Array Measurements

2025-05-16

Mirosław Szyłak-Szydłowski , Wojciech Kos , Rafał Tarakowski +2 more

The final stage of green waste treatment typically occurs in composting plants, where waste is biologically stabilised through the activity of microorganisms. The composting process is accompanied by the emission … The final stage of green waste treatment typically occurs in composting plants, where waste is biologically stabilised through the activity of microorganisms. The composting process is accompanied by the emission of volatile organic compounds responsible for odour perception. Such nuisance odours are commonly regarded as atmospheric air pollutants and are subject to monitoring and legal regulation. Olfactometry remains the standard method for quantifying odours. Unfortunately, due to its dependence on human evaluators, it is often regarded as both labour-intensive and costly. Electronic noses are an emerging measurement method that could be used for such applications. This manuscript reports experimental measurements that were carried out at a composting facility specialising in the processing of biodegradable materials. VOC concentration was measured by the TSI OmniTrak™ Solution. The efficiency of the deodourisation process was evaluated by means of field olfactometry. A gas sensor array of a PEN3 electronic nose was used for the on-site measurements of emitted gas characteristics. A strong correlation between measurements by the three distinct techniques was confirmed. Three different phases of the composting process could be distinguished in the collected results.

An approach to differentiating biological from chemical sulfide oxidation on corroded concrete sewer surfaces

2025-05-14

Huang Xin , Yifang Yin , Zhiqiang Zuo +4 more

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-induced sewer corrosion largely impacts the longevity of infrastructure worldwide. The corrosion incorporates two pathways, i.e., chemical and biological oxidation of H2S to sulfuric acid; however, their rates … Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-induced sewer corrosion largely impacts the longevity of infrastructure worldwide. The corrosion incorporates two pathways, i.e., chemical and biological oxidation of H2S to sulfuric acid; however, their rates are difficult to differentiate on corroded sewer pipelines, limiting understanding and application of effective strategies for corrosion control. Here, this study develops and reports a kinetic approach to determining rates of chemical and biological sulfide oxidation. By measuring the total sulfide uptake rate of sewer corrosion concretes, extensive experimental data was obtained for calibration and validation of the proposed kinetic model. The modelling results fit with measured data indicating that both chemical and biological sulfide oxidation can be well-described by the developed model. Model predictions revealed that along with sewer corrosion (i.e., pH decrease), chemical sulfide oxidation rate was significantly accelerated, along with an increase in biological rate. This result suggests that the chemical sulfide oxidation process should not be overlooked for seriously corroded concretes, and synergistic strategies to suppress both biological and chemical rates are required. Specifically, the chemical process can predominate sulfide oxidation with a gas-H2S concentration higher than 300 ppm. The work provides a useful tool for future corrosion studies and also valuable insights for sewer corrosion management practices.

Modelling wastewater treatment plant odour dispersion in weak wind conditions: importance of high-resolution meteorological data

2025-05-12

Cristiana Morosini , Patrizia Favaron , Elisabetta Zanardini +1 more

Odour emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) represent one of the major causes of community's complaints since they can spread over large distances, influenced by air dispersion phenomena and particular … Odour emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) represent one of the major causes of community's complaints since they can spread over large distances, influenced by air dispersion phenomena and particular topographic or meteorological conditions. The modelling tools, normally used for simulating odour emissions, can be affected by some limitations, often due to the refinement of input meteorological data, thus requiring an accurate evaluation. To investigate this aspect, a measurement campaign was performed at a WWTP located in Northern Italy, where a comparison between a conventional (CA) vs. a 3D ultrasonic anemometer (UA) was carried out from 14 June to 17 July 2018. Even if the UA has been already used in other odour-related studies, to the authors' best knowledge, this represents the first investigation where the results, obtained by feeding dispersion models with CA and UA input data, were compared. The location, the site complex orography and the presence of a conventional meteorological station installed at the plant were the main factors taken into account for the WWTP choice. These features, shared by many other worldwide sites, contribute to make this site representative of a common situation. The comparison showed a huge difference in modelled odour concentrations between the two measurements, suggesting that the use of high-resolution meteorological data, as an input to modelling tools, could help the plant managers to adopt smart strategies for minimizing odour nuisance spread (e.g. a more suitable definition of the daily hours to evacuate the sludge from the plant), therefore reducing community's complaints.

Dispersion Modeling of Odor Emissions from Area Sources in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

2025-05-12

C. Constantin , Cristina Modrogan , Annette Madelene Dăncilă +6 more

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) generate significant emissions of gaseous substances, such as H2S, NH3, and VOCs, which cause discomfort and pose health risks to residents in surrounding areas. The objective … Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) generate significant emissions of gaseous substances, such as H2S, NH3, and VOCs, which cause discomfort and pose health risks to residents in surrounding areas. The objective of this study was to estimate pollutant concentrations under various scenarios through a mathematical modeling of the pollutant dispersion in the surrounding air using the AERMOD View software platform, version 11.2.0. In this study, four mathematical models with two different scenarios were conducted to illustrate the odor concentrations both on site and in nearby areas under the most unfavorable weather conditions. The “1st Highest Values” and “98th Percentile” metrics were used to represent the peak concentrations and to exclude the 2% of conditions with the worst-case dispersion, respectively. In the first scenario, under normal operating conditions with all treatment equipment functioning, the maximum on-site odor concentration was estimated at 36.8 ouE/m3 using the 1st highest value function, and it was 20.4 ouE/m3 using the 98th percentile function. The second scenario considered all emission sources, with the grease collection system of the de-sanding/grease separation Unit Line 1 and the sludge collection system of the primary settling decanter (Unit 4) out of service. In this case, the maximum on-site odor concentration reached 749 ouE/m3 over 98% of a one-year period and 956.5 ouE/m3 using the 1st highest value function. These findings underscore the necessity for ongoing monitoring, strict adherence to environmental regulations, and stakeholder engagement to improve mitigation techniques and foster community trust in environmental management. Regular inspections are essential to ensure that all equipment operates within normal parameters, supporting both regulatory compliance and improved operational efficiency, including the control of odor emissions.

The mitigation efficacy and mechanism for H2S and CH4 emission from wastewater by adding bacterium-fungus mixture

2025-05-09

Zheng Qi , Tipei Jia , Wenjie Cong +1 more

Microflora aerobia esporógena en la leche natural

1968-01-01

Guillermo Suarez Fernández