Psychology › Clinical Psychology

Resilience and Mental Health

Works Count: 105646

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the concept of psychological resilience, exploring its development, measurement, and implications for well-being. It encompasses research on coping strategies, positive emotions, family and community resilience, and the impact of resilience on mental health in the face of adversity.

Keywords

Psychological Resilience; Adversity; Coping Strategies; Positive Emotions; Developmental Perspectives; Family Resilience; Mental Health; Stress; Protective Factors; Community Resilience

Stress Without Distress.

1974-11-01

Hans Selye

Stress is “the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it,” that is, the rate at which we live at any one moment. All living beings are … Stress is “the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it,” that is, the rate at which we live at any one moment. All living beings are constantly under stress and anything, pleasant or unpleasant, that speeds up the intensity of life, causes a temporary increase in stress, the wear and tear exerted upon the body. A painful blow and a passionate kiss can be equally stressful.

Stress: Appraisal and Coping

2013-01-01

Susan Folkman

Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD

1997-06-01

John P. Wilson , Terence M. Keane

Part 1: Understanding and Assessing Trauma and PTSD. J.P. Wilson, T.M. Keane, Introduction. J.P. Wilson, PTSD and Complex PTSD: Symptoms, Syndromes and Diagnoses. R.A. Bryant, Assessing Acute Stress Disorders. Part … Part 1: Understanding and Assessing Trauma and PTSD. J.P. Wilson, T.M. Keane, Introduction. J.P. Wilson, PTSD and Complex PTSD: Symptoms, Syndromes and Diagnoses. R.A. Bryant, Assessing Acute Stress Disorders. Part 2: Standardized Psychometric Measures, Clinical Protocols, Epidemiological Methods and Projective Techniques for Trauma and PTSD. F.H. Norris, J. Hamblen, Standardized Self-Report Measures of Civilian Trauma for PTSD. D.S. Weiss, Structured Clinical Interview Techniques for PTSD. M. Steinberg, Systematic Assessment of Posttraumatic Dissociation: The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV: Dissociative Disorders. C.R. Marmar, T.J. Metzler, C. Otte, The Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire. D.S. Weiss, The Impact of Events Scale - Revised. T. Luxenberg, P. Levin, The Role of the Rorschach in the Assessment and Treatment of Trauma. W.E. Schlenger, B.K. Jordan, J.M. Caddell, L. Ebert, J.A. Fairbank, Epidemiologic Methods for Assessing Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. T.M. Keane, A.E. Street, J. Stafford, The Assessment of Military Related PTSD. Part 3: Assessing the Psychobiology of PTSD. S.P. Orr, L.J. Metzger, M.W. Miller, D.G. Kaloupek, Psychophysiological Assessment of PTSD. J.A. Knight, C.T. Taft, Assessing Neuropsychological Concomitants of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. J. Kaufman, D. Aikens, J. Krystal, Neuroimaging Studies in PTSD. Matthew J. Friedman, Psychobiological Laboratory Assessment of PTSD. Part 4: Assessing Trauma, Loss and PTSD in Medical Settings. T.C. Buckley, B.L. Green, P.P. Schnurr, Trauma, PTSD and Physical Health: Clinical Issues. L.M. Najavits, Assessment of Trauma, PTSD and Substance Use Disorder: A Practical Guide. B. Raphael, N. Martinek, S. Wooding, Assessing Traumatic Bereavement. Part 5: Assessing Trauma and PTSD in Gender, Culture and Psychosocial Development. K.O. Nader, Assessing Traumatic Experiences in Children. J. Briere, Psychological Assessment of Child Abuse Effects in Adults. R. Kimerling, A. Prins, D. Westrup, T. Lee, Gender Issues in the Assessment of PTSD. Part 6: Assessing Traumatic Injury in Litigation: PTSD and Law. J.P. Wilson, T.A. Moran, Forensic/Clinical Assessment of Psychological Trauma and PTSD in Legal Settings.

Suicide: A study in sociology.

2004-10-27

Émile Durkheim

There would be no need for sociology if everyone understood the social frameworks within which we operate. That we do have a connection to the larger picture is largely thanks … There would be no need for sociology if everyone understood the social frameworks within which we operate. That we do have a connection to the larger picture is largely thanks to the pioneering thinker Emile Durkheim. He recognized that, if anything can explain how we as individuals relate to society, then it is suicide: Why does it happen? What goes wrong? Why is it more common in some places than others? In seeking answers to these questions, Durkheim wrote a work that has fascinated, challenged and informed its readers for over a hundred years. Far-sighted and trail-blazing in its conclusions, Suicide makes an immense contribution to our understanding to what must surely be one of the least understandable of acts. A brilliant study, it is regarded as one of the most important books Durkheim ever wrote.

Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms.

1987-07-01

Michael Rutter

The concept of mechanisms that protect people against the psychological risks associated with adversity is discussed in relation to four main processes: reduction of risk impact, reduction of negative chain … The concept of mechanisms that protect people against the psychological risks associated with adversity is discussed in relation to four main processes: reduction of risk impact, reduction of negative chain reactions, establishment and maintenance of self-esteem and self-efficacy, and opening up of opportunities. The mechanisms operating at key turning points in people's lives must be given special attention.

Psychological Resilience

2013-01-01

David Fletcher , Mustafa Sarkar

The purpose of this paper is to review and critique the variety of definitions, concepts, and theories of psychological resilience. To this end, the narrative is divided into three main … The purpose of this paper is to review and critique the variety of definitions, concepts, and theories of psychological resilience. To this end, the narrative is divided into three main sections. The first considers how resilience has been defined in the psychology research literature. Despite the construct being operationalized in a variety of ways, most definitions are based around two core concepts: adversity and positive adaptation. A substantial body of evidence suggests that resilience is required in response to different adversities, ranging from ongoing daily hassles to major life events, and that positive adaptation must be conceptually appropriate to the adversity examined in terms of the domains assessed and the stringency of criteria used. The second section examines the conceptualization of resilience as either a trait or a process, and explores how it is distinct from a number of related terms. Resilience is conceptualized as the interactive influence of psychological characteristics within the context of the stress process. The final section reviews the theories of resilience and critically examines one theory in particular that is commonly cited in the resilience literature. Future theories in this area should take into account the multiple demands individuals encounter, the meta-cognitive and -emotive processes that affect the resilience-stress relationship, and the conceptual distinction between resilience and coping. The review concludes with implications for policy, practice, and research including the need to carefully manage individuals’ immediate environment, and to develop the protective and promotive factors that individuals can proactively use to build resilience.

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The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma

1996-07-01

Richard G. Tedeschi , Lawrence G. Calhoun

The development of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, an instrument for assessing positive outcomes reported by persons who have experienced traumatic events, is described. This 21-item scale includes factors of New … The development of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, an instrument for assessing positive outcomes reported by persons who have experienced traumatic events, is described. This 21-item scale includes factors of New Possibilities, Relating to Others, Personal Strength, Spiritual Change, and Appreciation of Life. Women tend to report more benefits than do men, and persons who have experienced traumatic events report more positive change than do persons who have not experienced extraordinary events. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory is modestly related to optimism and extraversion. The scale appears to have utility in determining how successful individuals, coping with the aftermath of trauma, are in reconstructing or strengthening their perceptions of self, others, and the meaning of events.

SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models

2004-11-01

Kristopher J. Preacher , Andrew F. Hayes

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Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives

2014-10-01

Steven M. Southwick , George A. Bonanno , Ann S. Masten +2 more

In this paper, inspired by the plenary panel at the 2013 meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Dr. Steven Southwick (chair) and multidisciplinary panelists Drs. George Bonanno, … In this paper, inspired by the plenary panel at the 2013 meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Dr. Steven Southwick (chair) and multidisciplinary panelists Drs. George Bonanno, Ann Masten, Catherine Panter-Brick, and Rachel Yehuda tackle some of the most pressing current questions in the field of resilience research including: (1) how do we define resilience, (2) what are the most important determinants of resilience, (3) how are new technologies informing the science of resilience, and (4) what are the most effective ways to enhance resilience? These multidisciplinary experts provide insight into these difficult questions, and although each of the panelists had a slightly different definition of resilience, most of the proposed definitions included a concept of healthy, adaptive, or integrated positive functioning over the passage of time in the aftermath of adversity. The panelists agreed that resilience is a complex construct and it may be defined differently in the context of individuals, families, organizations, societies, and cultures. With regard to the determinants of resilience, there was a consensus that the empirical study of this construct needs to be approached from a multiple level of analysis perspective that includes genetic, epigenetic, developmental, demographic, cultural, economic, and social variables. The empirical study of determinates of resilience will inform efforts made at fostering resilience, with the recognition that resilience may be enhanced on numerous levels (e.g., individual, family, community, culture).

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Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development.

2001-01-01

Ann S. Masten

The study of resilience in development has overturned many negative assumptions and deficit-focused models about children growing up under the threat of disadvantage and adversity. The most surprising conclusion emerging … The study of resilience in development has overturned many negative assumptions and deficit-focused models about children growing up under the threat of disadvantage and adversity. The most surprising conclusion emerging from studies of these children is the ordinariness of resilience. An examination of converging findings from variable-focused and person-focused investigations of these phenomena suggests that resilience is common and that it usually arises from the normative functions of human adaptational systems, with the greatest threats to human development being those that compromise these protective systems. The conclusion that resilience is made of ordinary rather than extraordinary processes offers a more positive outlook on human development and adaptation, as well as direction for policy and practice aimed at enhancing the development of children at risk for problems and psychopathology.

Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness.

1979-01-01

Suzanne C. Kobasa

Personality was studied as a conditioner of the effects of stressful life events on illness onset. Two groups of middle and upper level executives had comparably high degrees of stressful … Personality was studied as a conditioner of the effects of stressful life events on illness onset. Two groups of middle and upper level executives had comparably high degrees of stressful life events in the previous 3 years, as measured by the Holmes and Rahe Schedule of Recent Life Events. One group (n = 86) suffered high stress without falling ill, whereas the other (n = 75) reported becoming sick after their encounter with stressful life events. Illness was measured by the Wyler, Masuda, and Holmes Seriousness of Illness Survey. Discriminant function analysis, run on half of the subjects in each group and cross-validated on the remaining cases, supported the prediction that high stress/low illness executives show, by comparison with high stress/high illness executives, more hardiness, that is, have a stronger commitment to self, an attitude of vigorousness toward the environment, a sense of meaningfulness, and an internal locus of control.

The metatheory of resilience and resiliency

2002-03-01

Glenn E. Richardson

Resiliency and resilience theory is presented as three waves of resiliency inquiry. The identification of resilient qualities was the first wave characterized through phenomenological identification of developmental assets and protective … Resiliency and resilience theory is presented as three waves of resiliency inquiry. The identification of resilient qualities was the first wave characterized through phenomenological identification of developmental assets and protective factors. The second wave described resilience as a disruptive and reintegrative process for accessing resilient qualities. The third wave exemplified the postmodern and multidisciplinary view of resilience, which is the force that drives a person to grow through adversity and disruptions. Application of resilience using an educational and practical framework provides a means for connecting with and nurturing a client's resilience. Practical paradigms of resiliency that empower client control and choice are suggested.

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Multidimensional assessment of coping: A critical evaluation.

1990-01-01

Norman S. Endler , James D. A. Parker

Several existing self-report measures of coping and the relevant research using these instruments are reviewed. Many of these coping measures suffer from a variety of psychometric weaknesses. A self-report instrument, … Several existing self-report measures of coping and the relevant research using these instruments are reviewed. Many of these coping measures suffer from a variety of psychometric weaknesses. A self-report instrument, the Multidimensional Coping Inventory (MCI), was constructed that identifies 3 types of coping styles: task-oriented, emotion-oriented, and avoidance-oriented coping. Support for the multidimensional nature of the MCI is presented, along with support for the reliability of the MCI coping scales. Two studies are presented that assessed the validity of the MCI. The 1st study assessed the construct validity of the MCI by comparing it with the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. The 2nd study also assessed the criterion validity of the MCI by comparing it with measures of depression, anxiety, Type A behaviour, neuroticism, and extraversion. Overall, the results suggest that the MCI is a valid and highly reliable multidimensional measure of coping styles.

You want to measure coping but your protocol’ too long: Consider the brief cope

1997-03-01

Charles S. Carver

A methodological review of resilience measurement scales

2011-01-01

Gill Windle , Kate Bennett , Jane Noyes

The evaluation of interventions and policies designed to promote resilience, and research to understand the determinants and associations, require reliable and valid measures to ensure data quality. This paper systematically … The evaluation of interventions and policies designed to promote resilience, and research to understand the determinants and associations, require reliable and valid measures to ensure data quality. This paper systematically reviews the psychometric rigour of resilience measurement scales developed for use in general and clinical populations. Eight electronic abstract databases and the internet were searched and reference lists of all identified papers were hand searched. The focus was to identify peer reviewed journal articles where resilience was a key focus and/or is assessed. Two authors independently extracted data and performed a quality assessment of the scale psychometric properties. Nineteen resilience measures were reviewed; four of these were refinements of the original measure. All the measures had some missing information regarding the psychometric properties. Overall, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Resilience Scale for Adults and the Brief Resilience Scale received the best psychometric ratings. The conceptual and theoretical adequacy of a number of the scales was questionable. We found no current 'gold standard' amongst 15 measures of resilience. A number of the scales are in the early stages of development, and all require further validation work. Given increasing interest in resilience from major international funders, key policy makers and practice, researchers are urged to report relevant validation statistics when using the measures.

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Resilience in the Face of Adversity

1985-12-01

Michael Rutter

Almost since the beginnings of psychiatric practice, there has been a recognition that negative life experiences and stressful happenings may serve to precipitate mental disorders (Garmezy & Rutter, 1985). Nearly … Almost since the beginnings of psychiatric practice, there has been a recognition that negative life experiences and stressful happenings may serve to precipitate mental disorders (Garmezy & Rutter, 1985). Nearly 200 years ago, Pinel wrote about the psychiatric risks associated with unexpected reverses or adverse circumstances, and it is reported that his initial question to newly admitted psychiatric patients was: “Have you suffered vexation, grief or reverse of fortune?” Nevertheless, although an appreciation that a variety of stressors may play a role in the genesis of psychiatric disorder has a long history, the systematic study of such effects is much more recent.

The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back

2008-08-08

Bruce W. Smith , Jeanne Dalen , Kathryn T. Wiggins +3 more

The construct of resilience: Implications for interventions and social policies

2000-12-01

Suniya S. Luthar , Dante Cicchetti

The focus of this article is on the interface between research on resilience—a construct representing positive adaptation despite adversity —and the applications of this work to the development of interventions … The focus of this article is on the interface between research on resilience—a construct representing positive adaptation despite adversity —and the applications of this work to the development of interventions and social policies. Salient defining features of research on resilience are delineated, as are various advantages, limitations, and precautions linked with the application of the resilience framework to developing interventions. For future applied efforts within this tradition, a series of guiding principles are presented along with exemplars of existing programs based on the resilience paradigm. The article concludes with discussions of directions for future work in this area, with emphases on an enhanced interface between science and practice, and a broadened scope of resilience-based interventions in terms of the types of populations, and the types of adjustment domains, that are encompassed.

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Psychometric analysis and refinement of the connor–davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC): Validation of a 10‐item measure of resilience

2007-12-01

Laura Campbell‐Sills , Murray B. Stein

Abstract Resilience refers to an individual's ability to thrive despite adversity. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC). Three undergraduate samples ( n s … Abstract Resilience refers to an individual's ability to thrive despite adversity. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC). Three undergraduate samples ( n s < 500) were used to determine the factor structure of the CD‐RISC. The first two samples were used to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and the third was used for confirmatory factor analysis. The EFA showed that the CD‐RISC had an unstable factor structure across two demographically equivalent samples. A series of empirically driven modifications was made, resulting in a 10‐item unidimensional scale that demonstrated good internal consistency and construct validity. Overall, the 10‐item CD‐RISC displays excellent psychometric properties and allows for efficient measurement of resilience.

What good are positive emotions in crisis? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001.

2003-01-01

Barbara L. Fredrickson , Michele M. Tugade , Christian E. Waugh +1 more

Extrapolating from B. L. Fredrickson's (1998, 2001) broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, the authors hypothesized that positive emotions are active ingredients within trait resilience. U.S. college students (18 men and … Extrapolating from B. L. Fredrickson's (1998, 2001) broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, the authors hypothesized that positive emotions are active ingredients within trait resilience. U.S. college students (18 men and 28 women) were tested in early 2001 and again in the weeks following the September 11th terrorist attacks. Mediational analyses showed that positive emotions experienced in the wake of the attacks--gratitude, interest, love, and so forth--fully accounted for the relations between (a) precrisis resilience and later development of depressive symptoms and (b) precrisis resilience and postcrisis growth in psychological resources. Findings suggest that positive emotions in the aftermath of crises buffer resilient people against depression and fuel thriving, consistent with the broaden-and-build theory. Discussion touches on implications for coping.

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Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)

2003-09-01

Kathryn M. Connor , Jonathan Davidson

Resilience may be viewed as a measure of stress coping ability and, as such, could be an important target of treatment in anxiety, depression, and stress reactions. We describe a … Resilience may be viewed as a measure of stress coping ability and, as such, could be an important target of treatment in anxiety, depression, and stress reactions. We describe a new rating scale to assess resilience. The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) comprises of 25 items, each rated on a 5-point scale (0–4), with higher scores reflecting greater resilience. The scale was administered to subjects in the following groups: community sample, primary care outpatients, general psychiatric outpatients, clinical trial of generalized anxiety disorder, and two clinical trials of PTSD. The reliability, validity, and factor analytic structure of the scale were evaluated, and reference scores for study samples were calculated. Sensitivity to treatment effects was examined in subjects from the PTSD clinical trials. The scale demonstrated good psychometric properties and factor analysis yielded five factors. A repeated measures ANOVA showed that an increase in CD-RISC score was associated with greater improvement during treatment. Improvement in CD-RISC score was noted in proportion to overall clinical global improvement, with greatest increase noted in subjects with the highest global improvement and deterioration in CD-RISC score in those with minimal or no global improvement. The CD-RISC has sound psychometric properties and distinguishes between those with greater and lesser resilience. The scale demonstrates that resilience is modifiable and can improve with treatment, with greater improvement corresponding to higher levels of global improvement. Depression and Anxiety 18:76–82, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work

2000-05-01

Suniya S. Luthar , Dante Cicchetti , Bronwyn E. Becker

This paper presents a critical appraisal of resilience, a construct connoting the maintenance of positive adaptation by individuals despite experiences of significant adversity. As empirical research on resilience has burgeoned … This paper presents a critical appraisal of resilience, a construct connoting the maintenance of positive adaptation by individuals despite experiences of significant adversity. As empirical research on resilience has burgeoned in recent years, criticisms have been levied at work in this area. These critiques have generally focused on ambiguities in definitions and central terminology; heterogeneity in risks experienced and competence achieved by individuals viewed as resilient; instability of the phenomenon of resilience; and concerns regarding the usefulness of resilience as a theoretical construct. We address each identified criticism in turn, proposing solutions for those we view as legitimate and clarifying misunderstandings surrounding those we believe to be less valid. We conclude that work on resilience possesses substantial potential for augmenting the understanding of processes affecting at‐risk individuals. Realization of the potential embodied by this construct, however, will remain constrained without continued scientific attention to some of the serious conceptual and methodological pitfalls that have been noted by skeptics and proponents alike.

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Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity

1990-10-01

Ann S. Masten , Karin M. Best , Norman Garmezy

Abstract This article reviews the research on resilience in order to delineate its significance and potential for understanding normal development. Resilience refers to the process of, capacity for, or outcome … Abstract This article reviews the research on resilience in order to delineate its significance and potential for understanding normal development. Resilience refers to the process of, capacity for, or outcome of successful adaptation despite challenging or threatening circumstances. Three resilience phenomena are reviewed: (a) good outcomes in high-risk children, (b) sustained competence in children under stress, and (c) recovery from trauma. It is concluded that human psychological development is highly buffered and that long-lasting consequences of adversity usually are associated with either organic damage or severe interference in the normative protective processes embedded in the caregiving system. Children who experience chronic adversity fare better or recover more successfully when they have a positive relationship with a competent adult, they are good learners and problem-solvers, they are engaging to other people, and they have areas of competence and perceived efficacy valued by self or society. Future studies of resilience will need to focus on processes that facilitate adaptation. Such studies have the potential to illuminate the range and self-righting properties of, constraints on, and linkages among different aspects of cognitive, emotional, and social development.

THE EFFECTS OF STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS ON DEPRESSION

1997-02-01

Ronald C. Kessler

This chapter reviews recent research on the relationship between stressful life experiences and depression. A distinction is made between aggregate studies of overall stress effects and focused studies of particular … This chapter reviews recent research on the relationship between stressful life experiences and depression. A distinction is made between aggregate studies of overall stress effects and focused studies of particular events and difficulties. A distinction is also made between effects of life stress on first onset of depression and on the subsequent course of depression. Although the available evidence suggests that acute stressful life events can lead to the recurrence of episodes of major depression, a series of methodological problems compromise our ability to make clear causal inferences about the effects of life events on first onset of major depression or about the effects of chronic stress on either onset or recurrence of depression. The main problems of this sort are discussed, and recommendations made for ways of addressing these problems in future studies.

Loss, Trauma, and Human Resilience: Have We Underestimated the Human Capacity to Thrive After Extremely Aversive Events?

2004-01-01

George A. Bonanno

Many people are exposed to loss or potentially traumatic events at some point in their lives, and yet they continue to have positive emotional experiences and show only minor and … Many people are exposed to loss or potentially traumatic events at some point in their lives, and yet they continue to have positive emotional experiences and show only minor and transient disruptions in their ability to function. Unfortunately, because much of psychology's knowledge about how adults cope with loss or trauma has come from individuals who sought treatment or exhibited great distress, loss and trauma theorists have often viewed this type of resilience as either rare or pathological. The author challenges these assumptions by reviewing evidence that resilience represents a distinct trajectory from the process of recovery, that resilience in the face of loss or potential trauma is more common than is often believed, and that there are multiple and sometimes unexpected pathways to resilience.

Mindsets That Promote Resilience: When Students Believe That Personal Characteristics Can Be Developed

2012-10-01

David S. Yeager , Carol S. Dweck

Abstract Because challenges are ubiquitous, resilience is essential for success in school and in life. In this article we review research demonstrating the impact of students' mindsets on their resilience … Abstract Because challenges are ubiquitous, resilience is essential for success in school and in life. In this article we review research demonstrating the impact of students' mindsets on their resilience in the face of academic and social challenges. We show that students who believe (or are taught) that intellectual abilities are qualities that can be developed (as opposed to qualities that are fixed) tend to show higher achievement across challenging school transitions and greater course completion rates in challenging math courses. New research also shows that believing (or being taught) that social attributes can be developed can lower adolescents' aggression and stress in response to peer victimization or exclusion, and result in enhanced school performance. We conclude by discussing why psychological interventions that change students' mindsets are effective and what educators can do to foster these mindsets and create resilience in educational settings. Notes Of interest, research also shows it is possible within a given domain for a person to have an even more specific implicit theory. For instance, Good, Rattan, and Dweck (Citation2012) and Rattan, Good, and Dweck (Citation2012) examined implicit theories about math ability rather than general theories about intelligence. Beer (Citation2002) investigated implicit theories about shyness rather than general theories about personality. An important area for future research will be to document the relative advantages for educational practice of intervening to change a more general implicit theory versus a more specific one. TABLE 1 Academic Mindsets, for Those With More of an Entity Versus Incremental Implicit Theory of Intelligence Download CSVDisplay Table

Making sense of the meaning literature: An integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events.

2010-03-01

Crystal L. Park

Interest in meaning and meaning making in the context of stressful life events continues to grow, but research is hampered by conceptual and methodological limitations. Drawing on current theories, the … Interest in meaning and meaning making in the context of stressful life events continues to grow, but research is hampered by conceptual and methodological limitations. Drawing on current theories, the author first presents an integrated model of meaning making. This model distinguishes between the constructs of global and situational meaning and between "meaning-making efforts" and "meaning made," and it elaborates subconstructs within these constructs. Using this model, the author reviews the empirical research regarding meaning in the context of adjustment to stressful events, outlining what has been established to date and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of current empirical work. Results suggest that theory on meaning and meaning making has developed apace, but empirical research has failed to keep up with these developments, creating a significant gap between the rich but abstract theories and empirical tests of them. Given current empirical findings, some aspects of the meaning-making model appear to be well supported but others are not, and the quality of meaning-making efforts and meanings made may be at least as important as their quantity. This article concludes with specific suggestions for future research.

Hardiness and health: A prospective study.

1982-01-01

Suzanne C. Kobasa , Salvatore R. Maddi , Stephen Kahn

ADOLESCENT RESILIENCE: A Framework for Understanding Healthy Development in the Face of Risk

2004-11-02

Stevenson Fergus , Marc A. Zimmerman

▪ Abstract Adolescent resilience research differs from risk research by focusing on the assets and resources that enable some adolescents to overcome the negative effects of risk exposure. We discuss … ▪ Abstract Adolescent resilience research differs from risk research by focusing on the assets and resources that enable some adolescents to overcome the negative effects of risk exposure. We discuss three models of resilience—the compensatory, protective, and challenge models—and describe how resilience differs from related concepts. We describe issues and limitations related to resilience and provide an overview of recent resilience research related to adolescent substance use, violent behavior, and sexual risk behavior. We then discuss implications that resilience research has for intervention and describe some resilience-based interventions.

Resilient Individuals Use Positive Emotions to Bounce Back From Negative Emotional Experiences.

2004-02-01

Michele M. Tugade , Barbara L. Fredrickson

Theory indicates that resilient individuals "bounce back" from stressful experiences quickly and effectively.Few studies, however, have provided empirical evidence for this theory.The broadenand-build theory of positive emotions (B.L. Fredrickson, 1998(B.L. … Theory indicates that resilient individuals "bounce back" from stressful experiences quickly and effectively.Few studies, however, have provided empirical evidence for this theory.The broadenand-build theory of positive emotions (B.L. Fredrickson, 1998(B.L. Fredrickson, , 2001) ) is used as a framework for understanding psychological resilience.The authors used a multimethod approach in 3 studies to predict that resilient people use positive emotions to rebound from, and find positive meaning in, stressful encounters.Mediational analyses revealed that the experience of positive emotions contributed, in part, to participants' abilities to achieve efficient emotion regulation, demonstrated by accelerated cardiovascular recovery from negative emotional arousal (Studies 1 and 2) and by finding positive meaning in negative circumstances (Study 3).Implications for research on resilience and positive emotions are discussed.

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Traumatic stress: the effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body, and society

1996-12-01

Part I: Background Issues and History. van der Kolk, McFarlane, The Black Hole of Trauma. McFarlane, van der Kolk, Trauma and its Challenge to Society. van der Kolk, Weisaeth, van … Part I: Background Issues and History. van der Kolk, McFarlane, The Black Hole of Trauma. McFarlane, van der Kolk, Trauma and its Challenge to Society. van der Kolk, Weisaeth, van der Hart, History of Trauma in Psychiatry. Part II: Acute Reactions. Shalev, Stress versus Traumatic Stress: From Acute Homeostatic Reactions to Chronic Psychopathology. Solomon, Laror, McFarlane, Acute Posttraumatic Reactions in Soldiers and Civilians. Part III: Defining and Diagnosing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Brett, The Classification of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. McFarlane, Girolamo, The Nature of Traumatic Stressors and the Epidemiology of Posttraumatic Reaction. McFarlane, Resilience, Vulnerability and the Course of Posttraumatic Reactions. van der Kolk, The Complexity of Adaptation to Trauma: Self-regulation, Stimulus Discrimination, and Characterological Development. van der Kolk, The Body Keeps the Score: Approaches to the Psychobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Newman, Kaloupek, Feane, Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Clinical and Research Settings. Part IV: Memory: Mechanisms and Processes. van der Kolk, Trauma and Memory. van der Kolk, van der Hart, Marmar, Dissociation and Information Processing in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Part V: Developmental, Social, and Cultural Issues. Pynoos, Steinberg, Goenjian, Traumatic Stress in Childhood and Adolescence, Recent Developments and Current Controversies. Prior Traumatization and the Process of Aging: Theory and Clinical Implications. Pitman, Sparr, Saunders, McFarlane, Legal Issues in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. de Vries, Trauma in Cultural Perspective. Part VI: Treatment. van der Kolk, McFarlane, van der Hart, A General Approach to Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Ursano, Grieger, McCarroll, Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress: Consultation, Training, and Early Treatment. Raphael, Wilson, Meldrum, McFarlane, Acute Preventive Interventions. Turnbull, McFarlane, Acute Treatments. Rothbaum, Foa, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Davidson, van der Kolk, The Psychopharmacological Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Lindy, Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Nature of the Therapeutic Relationship. Turner, McFarlane, van der Kolk, The Therapeutic Environment and New Explorations in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Stress, appraisal, and coping

1985-01-01

H.J. Eysenck

Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear, and Rage.

1917-02-01

Margaret Floy Washburn , W. B. Cannon

Health Measurement Scales

2015-01-01

David L. Streiner , Geoffrey R. Norman , John Cairney

Health Measurement Scales is the ultimate online guide to developing and validating measurement scales that are to be used in the health sciences. It covers how the individual items are … Health Measurement Scales is the ultimate online guide to developing and validating measurement scales that are to be used in the health sciences. It covers how the individual items are developed; various biases that can affect responses (e.g. social desirability, yea-saying, framing); various response options; how to select the best items in the set; how to combine them into a scale; and finally how to determine the reliability and validity of the scale. It concludes with a discussion of ethical issues that may be encountered, and guidelines for reporting the results of the scale development process. Appendices include a comprehensive guide to finding existing scales, and a brief introduction to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.

2020-05-21

Heather Prime , Mark Wade , Dillon T. Browne

The COVID-19 pandemic poses an acute threat to the well-being of children and families due to challenges related to social disruption such as financial insecurity, caregiving burden, and confinement-related stress … The COVID-19 pandemic poses an acute threat to the well-being of children and families due to challenges related to social disruption such as financial insecurity, caregiving burden, and confinement-related stress (e.g., crowding, changes to structure, and routine). The consequences of these difficulties are likely to be longstanding, in part because of the ways in which contextual risk permeates the structures and processes of family systems. The current article draws from pertinent literature across topic areas of acute crises and long-term, cumulative risk to illustrate the multitude of ways in which the well-being of children and families may be at risk during COVID-19. The presented conceptual framework is based on systemic models of human development and family functioning and links social disruption due to COVID-19 to child adjustment through a cascading process involving caregiver well-being and family processes (i.e., organization, communication, and beliefs). An illustration of the centrality of family processes in buffering against risk in the context of COVID-19, as well as promoting resilience through shared family beliefs and close relationships, is provided. Finally, clinical and research implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

The Psychological Impact of Quarantine and How to Reduce It: Rapid Review of the Evidence

2020-01-01

Samantha K. Brooks , Rebecca Webster , Louise Smith +4 more

The January 2020 coronavirus outbreak has seen many countries plan to 'self-isolate' or quarantine people who have potentially come into contact with the infection. Decisions on how to apply quarantine … The January 2020 coronavirus outbreak has seen many countries plan to 'self-isolate' or quarantine people who have potentially come into contact with the infection. Decisions on how to apply quarantine should be based on best available evidence. We conducted a rapid review of the psychological impact of quarantine using three electronic databases. 3166 papers were found and 24 included in the review. The majority of reviewed studies reported negative psychological effects including post-traumatic stress symptoms, confusion and anger. Stressors included longer quarantine duration, infection fears, frustration, boredom, inadequate supplies, inadequate information, financial loss and stigma. Some suggested long-lasting effects. Where quarantine is deemed necessary, officials should quarantine for no longer than necessary; provide clear rationale for quarantine and information about protocols; and ensure sufficient supplies are provided. Appeals to altruism by reminding the public about the benefits of quarantine to wider society can be beneficial.Funding: The research was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), in collaboration with the University of East Anglia and Newcastle University. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health and Social Care, or Public Health England. Declaration of Interest: We declare no competing interests.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale.

1993-01-01

Gail Wagnild , Heather M. Young

Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development.

2001-01-01

Ann S. Masten

What good are positive emotions in crisis? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001.

2003-02-01

Barbara L. Fredrickson , Michele M. Tugade , Christian E. Waugh +1 more

Self-Determination Theory

2012-01-01

Edward L. Deci , Richard M. Ryan

IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness.

1996-01-01

Jack Block , Adam M. Kremen

Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation.

1983-01-01

Shelley E. Taylor

Appraisal, coping, health status, and psychological symptoms.

1986-01-01

Susan Folkman , Richard S. Lazarus , Rand J. Gruen +1 more

Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes.

1991-11-01

Susan Nolen–Hoeksema

Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach.

1989-01-01

Charles S. Carver , Michael F. Scheier , Jagdish K. Weintraub

Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness.

1979-01-01

Suzanne C. Kobasa

Resilience and Compassion

2025-06-27

| Cambridge University Press eBooks

Developing Resilience

2025-06-27

| Cambridge University Press eBooks

Adverse childhood experiences and the trajectory of social frailty among middle-aged and older adults in China

2025-06-25

Ming Yin , Zilin Chen , Qīng Wáng +3 more | Child Abuse & Neglect

Mediating role of resilience in the association between stigma and psychosocial adjustment among young and middle-aged patients with lung cancer

2025-06-25

Ziyun Li , Shoufang Huang , Jiudi Zhong +1 more | Journal of Cancer Survivorship

Psikolojik İstismarın Mutluluğun Dışsallığı ile Bağlantısı: Gelecek Kaygısı ve Psikolojik Kırılganlığın Aracı Rolleri

2025-06-25

Sinan Okur | Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi

Erken gelişim dönemlerinde yaşanan psikolojik istismar gibi olumsuz deneyimler, bireyin dünyaya ve kendine yönelik temel inançlarını şekillendirerek yaşam boyu sürebilecek psikolojik sorunların ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlayabilmektedir. Bu psikolojik sorunlar arasında … Erken gelişim dönemlerinde yaşanan psikolojik istismar gibi olumsuz deneyimler, bireyin dünyaya ve kendine yönelik temel inançlarını şekillendirerek yaşam boyu sürebilecek psikolojik sorunların ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlayabilmektedir. Bu psikolojik sorunlar arasında gelecek kaygısı, psikolojik kırılganlık ve mutluluğun dışsallığı gibi işlevsel olmayan bilişsel eğilimler yer alabilir. Bu bağlamda, mevcut çalışmada psikolojik istismar ile mutluluğun dışsallığı arasındaki ilişkide gelecek kaygısı ve psikolojik kırılganlığın aracı rolünün araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, 272’si kadın (%58.1) ve 196’sı erkek (%41.9) olmak üzere 468 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların yaş aralığı 18 ile 45 arasındadır ve yaş ortalaması 21.763’tür (SS = 3.639). Elde edilen veriler analiz için uygun hale getirildikten sonra, öncelikle değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek amacıyla korelasyon analizi yapılmış, ardından değişkenler arasındaki doğrudan ve dolaylı etkileri test etmek üzere yapısal eşitlik modellemesi gerçekleştirilmiş ve aracı değişkenlerin anlamlılığını değerlendirmek için bootstrapping yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin pozitif ve anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ve bootstrapping yöntemi sonucunda iki temel bulguya ulaşılmıştır. İlki, psikolojik kırılganlığın psikolojik istismar ile mutluluğun dışsallığı arasındaki ilişkide anlamlı bir aracı rol oynadığı şeklindedir. İkincisi ise, psikolojik istismarın gelecek kaygısı ve psikolojik kırılganlık aracılığıyla mutluluğun dışsallığını yordadığıdır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, erken dönemde deneyimlenen psikolojik istismarın bireylerin mutluluk algısı üzerindeki dolaylı etkilerine dikkat çekmekte ve psikolojik istismarın uzun vadeli sonuçlarına ilişkin alanyazına önemli katkılar sunmaktadır.

THE CASCADE MODEL IN SYSTEMIC RESTORATIVE JUSTICE SOLUTIONS FOR JUVENILE REHABILITATION

2025-06-25

Grzegorz Głupczyk | Probacja

<ns3:p>The article highlights the rationale and need for implementing systemic restorative justice solutions within current juvenile rehabilitation practices. The new 2022 Act on supporting and rehabilitating minors creates opportunities beyond … <ns3:p>The article highlights the rationale and need for implementing systemic restorative justice solutions within current juvenile rehabilitation practices. The new 2022 Act on supporting and rehabilitating minors creates opportunities beyond statutory provisions for systemic approaches that incorporate restorative practices into local prevention and rehabilitation frameworks. The author advocates the use of the cascade model and the concept of a restorative justice city to strengthen and expand the juvenile rehabilitation system in open environments.</ns3:p>

The impact of the Black Summer bushfires on psychological distress of young people: a population‐based cohort analysis based on the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children

2025-06-25

Paul Campbell , Ben Edwards , Matthew Gray | medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Objectives: To assess the impact of the Australian Black Summer bushfires and other disasters of 2019-2020 on adolescent psychological distress. For those exposed to bushfires test which types of impacts … Objectives: To assess the impact of the Australian Black Summer bushfires and other disasters of 2019-2020 on adolescent psychological distress. For those exposed to bushfires test which types of impacts are associated with worse psychological distress. Study design: Prospective, population; based cohort study; analysis of Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) survey data Setting, participants: Adolescents in the nationally representative cross-sequential sample of Australian children recruited in 2004 for the Birth (B) and Kindergarten (K) cohorts (aged 0-1 and 4-5 years at enrolment). Survey data from waves 9 (16-17 for the B Cohort and 20-21 years for the K Cohort) and waves 4 to 8 (6-15 years for the B Cohort and 10-19 years for the K Cohort). Main outcome measures: Psychological distress measured by the Kessler 10-item questionnaire (K10) at Wave 9. Results: 2,726 respondents from the B and K Cohorts had psychological distress information and demographic characteristics in Wave 9. At wave 9 10% were exposed to bushfires in the 12-months prior. The most common disaster impacts were threats to property (40%), impacts on holiday plans (31%) and advised to evacuate (17%). Exposure to bushfires was associated with higher distress in a linear regression model controlling for both demographic characteristics and previous exposure to disasters. For those exposed to a bushfire, adolescents who were advised to evacuate had significantly higher distress in a linear regression model with the same covariates. Conclusions: One-in-ten Australian adolescents were exposed to bushfires in 2019-2020 putting them at risk of a prolonged period of elevated psychological distress. For those who were advised to evacuate distress was even more pronounced and it is important to recognise that further mental health support may still be required.

Stress and resilience of nursing students in clinical training during political violence: A palestinian perspective

2025-06-25

Ibrahim Aqtam , Ahmad Ayed , Othman A. Alfuqaha +1 more | PLoS ONE

Introduction Nursing is one of the most demanding undergraduate degrees because students must master rigorous theory while simultaneously developing hands-on clinical skills. In conflict zones, political violence magnifies these challenges … Introduction Nursing is one of the most demanding undergraduate degrees because students must master rigorous theory while simultaneously developing hands-on clinical skills. In conflict zones, political violence magnifies these challenges during clinical training. Objective To quantify perceived stress and resilience among Palestinian nursing students during political violence and examine their relationship and demographic associations. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 310 students completed validated Arabic versions of the 29-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Completion time averaged 10–15 minutes total. Analyses included Pearson correlation, t -tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression. Results Mean stress was high (81.1 ± 7.3) based on established PSS cutoffs, while resilience was moderate (28.0 ± 1.8) according to CD-RISC-10 norms. A moderate positive correlation linked stress and resilience ( r = 0.314, 95% CI [0.182, 0.442], p < 0.001). Male students reported higher stress than females ( t (308) = 2.20, p = 0.030, Cohen’s d = 0.25). Conclusion Findings underscore the significant stress burden of political violence on nursing students and signal the need for targeted interventions that address both stress levels and the complex bidirectional relationship with resilience, tailored to demographic risk factors.

Safety processing shifts from hippocampal to network engagement across adolescence

2025-06-25

Yubing Zhang , Matthew M Coates , Marta I. Garrido +1 more | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Adolescence is a critical period that requires balancing exploration of uncertain and novel environments while maintaining safety. This task requires sophisticated neural integration of threat and safety cues to guide … Adolescence is a critical period that requires balancing exploration of uncertain and novel environments while maintaining safety. This task requires sophisticated neural integration of threat and safety cues to guide behavior. Yet little work has been conducted on threat and safety processing outside of conditioning paradigms, which, while valuable, lack the complexity to identify how the adolescent brain supports distinguishing threat from safety when both are present and as task contingencies change. In the current study, we take an approach that expands on elements of differential conditioning as well as conditioned inhibition. We recorded brain responses to external threat and self-oriented protection cues to examine how the adolescent brain supports threat-safety discrimination using 7-Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Our findings reveal an adolescent transition in the neural mechanisms supporting accurate threat-safety discrimination, with younger adolescents (12-14 years) relying predominantly on the hippocampus and older adolescents (15-17 years) utilizing a more integrated circuit involving the hippocampus and anterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) connectivity. Our results clarify how competition between threat and safety cues is resolved within the visual cortex, demonstrating enhanced perceptual sensitivity to protection that is independent of threat. By examining the dynamic encoding of safety to different stimuli, the current study advances our understanding of adolescent neurodevelopment and provides valuable insights into threat-safety discrimination beyond conventional conditioning models.

Impact of change in psychological resilience on subsequent all-cause and cause-specific mortality in community-dwelling older adults: a nationwide cohort study

2025-06-24

Chi Zhang , Anying Bai , Wenyu Li +3 more | Public Health

The Relationship Between Resilience and Adaptation Among Freshmen: Evidence from an AwC Growth Model and a Growth Mixture Model

2025-06-24

Ma Peng , Zhonglin Wen , Xiqin Liu +1 more | Journal of Adult Development

Anxiety levels of Turkish survivors in the aftermath of the large-scale earthquake and subsequent feelings of hopelessness: a cross-sectional study

2025-06-24

Yusuf Yürümez , Merve Gulbahar Eren , Meryem Pelin +2 more | Psychology Health & Medicine

The study aimed to investigate the correlation between state anxiety levels and anticipated levels of hopelessness in the future of the Turkish earthquake victims. This study adopted a cross-sectional design. … The study aimed to investigate the correlation between state anxiety levels and anticipated levels of hopelessness in the future of the Turkish earthquake victims. This study adopted a cross-sectional design. The sample comprised 215 individuals who were victims of the Kahramanmaraş earthquake on 6 February 2023. Participants were administered the State Anxiety Inventory and Beck Hopelessness Scale through face-to-face and online surveys. The relationship between the utilized scales was explored through Pearson correlation and linear regression (stepwise) analyses. The participants exhibited a high state-anxiety score, while their mean hopelessness score was medium. A weak positive correlation (r = 0.495; p < .05) was identified between the participants' total hopelessness score and state anxiety. The total variance in hopelessness level was accounted for by 25.3%, with state anxiety and experiencing entrapment under debris during the earthquake contributing (R2 = 0.253). This study showed that higher levels of hopelessness among earthquake survivors were significantly associated with the experience of being trapped under debris during the earthquake and increased anxiety. Accordingly, this study suggests that policymakers and governments should consider implementing psychosocial support programs.

Student Stress, Somatisation and Mental Health

2025-06-24

Helen Payne , Susan Brooks | Routledge eBooks

Using Machine Learning to Predict Resilience Among Nurses in a South African Setting

2025-06-24

Jennifer Chipps , Amanda Cromhout , Umit Tokac | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Nursing is a stressful profession. Stress can affect the mental health of nurses. A positive response to stress, resilience, is known to be a protective factor against mental health issues. … Nursing is a stressful profession. Stress can affect the mental health of nurses. A positive response to stress, resilience, is known to be a protective factor against mental health issues. This study aimed to use machine learning with secondary data from five survey studies, conducted between 2022 and 2023, to identify factors predicting high versus low levels of resilience in South African nursing samples from the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The sample included (1134 records (male = 250, 22.0%, female = 874, 77.1%, and other = 10(0.9%) included all data on all categories of nursing staff (student nurses (567, 50%), professional registered nurses (315, 27.8%), and non-professional nurses (246, 21.7%) who completed a survey using a response to stress scale. We used random forest analysis, demographic variables, years of experience, and a brief 4-item screen of resilience to predict resilience. The model yielded limited added value from demographic groupings in this model, but the brief screening had an overall classification accuracy of 86.41% (95% CI: 0.810; 0.908).

Exploring the Influence of Mindful Self-Care on Workplace Engagement Among Nurses: A Path Analysis

2025-06-24

Nasra Abdelhadi , Irit Bluvstein , Ronit Kigli‐Shemesh +1 more | Journal of Nursing Research

Background: Work engagement in nurses is influenced by a variety of factors, with compassion fatigue identified as a negative predictor and resilience identified as a positive predictor. Although mindful self-care … Background: Work engagement in nurses is influenced by a variety of factors, with compassion fatigue identified as a negative predictor and resilience identified as a positive predictor. Although mindful self-care (MSC) may influence work engagement, this potential relationship has not been validated in the literature. Purpose: This study was designed to examine the relationship between MSC and work engagement in a sample population of nurses in Israel and to investigate the potential mediating effects of compassion fatigue, resilience, and internal health locus of control (IHLC) on this relationship. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study design was used, and data were collected from 845 nurses working in different clinical settings in Israel. A self-administered questionnaire was administered online between March and June 2023 to assess MSC, compassion fatigue, resilience, IHLC, and work engagement. A hypothesized model based on the Job Demands–Resources Theory was proposed. Descriptive statistics and path analysis were utilized in data analysis. Results: The proposed model demonstrated a good fit with the empirical data, explaining 17.2% of the variance in work engagement. Direct relationships were identified between work engagement and, respectively, MSC, compassion fatigue, resilience, and IHLC (β=−0.131, p < .01; β=0.011, p < .01; β=0.116, p < .05; β=0.280, p < .01, respectively). The relationship between MSC and work engagement was shown to be mediated by compassion fatigue and resilience (β=0.068, p < .01), while compassion fatigue was shown to partially mediate the relationship between MSC and resilience (β=0.025, p <01). IHLC was not found to be significantly associated with work engagement. Conclusions: MSC is a significant predictor of work engagement among nurses. Practicing MSC increases personal resilience and prevents compassion fatigue, leading to higher work engagement. Thus, we recommend nurse managers promote the regular practice of MSC, along with traditional self-care behaviors, among nurses to improve work engagement.

Psychological resilience in university students: The mediating role of health and well-being in socioeconomic status and food insecurity levels

2025-06-24

Sümbüle Köksoy Vayısoğlu , Halil İbrahim Tekayak | Journal of Health Psychology

This study investigated the relationship between psychological resilience (PR) and both socioeconomic status (SES) and food insecurity (FI), as well as the mediating role of health perception and well-being in … This study investigated the relationship between psychological resilience (PR) and both socioeconomic status (SES) and food insecurity (FI), as well as the mediating role of health perception and well-being in these associations. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 820 university students using stratified sampling between November and December 2023. GLM mediation analyses indicated that low SES was linked to lower PR through health, well-being, and FI. While all FI levels were directly associated with lower PR, moderate and severe FI levels also showed indirectly associated whith health and well-being. Comparisons revealed that women and students perceiving their income as insufficient had lower PR scores, whereas those who smoked or consumed alcohol had higher PR scores. These findings suggest that low SES indirectly and all FI levels directly contribute to lower PR, with health and well-being playing a mediating role in these associations.

Non-objective Scales

2025-06-24

| The MIT Press eBooks

Natural Disasters, Psychosocial Distress, Psychological Flexibility, and Satisfaction with Life

2025-06-24

Rodger K Bufford , Javeen Skoubo , Kenneth J. Logan +1 more | Behavioral Sciences

Although common, natural disasters (NDs) remain little studied, and their aggregate psychological impact is unknown. No aggregate measure of ND exposure could be located. This study reports the development and … Although common, natural disasters (NDs) remain little studied, and their aggregate psychological impact is unknown. No aggregate measure of ND exposure could be located. This study reports the development and preliminary validation of the Natural Disaster Scale (NDS). In a sample of 131 US adults, disaster exposure was measured for NDs, for childhood and adult human disasters, for psychological flexibility, and for social support. Criteria included general distress, simple and complex PTSD, and life satisfaction. The NDS showed good internal consistency. Eleven of thirteen items loaded on a single factor. After controlling demographic factors, social support, and psychological flexibility, the NDS predicted general distress, simple PTSD, and satisfaction with life. In comparison, adult human adversity/disaster predicted general distress and simple PTSD, while childhood human adversity/disaster predicted complex PTSD and satisfaction with life. Similarly sized effects were found for human and natural disasters, except that only childhood adversity predicted complex PTSD. Demographic factors were insignificant except that age predicted life satisfaction. Because NDs may lead to distress, simple PTSD, and diminished life satisfaction, appraising lifelong exposure to NDs may be important for treatment. Those exposed to NDs may benefit from trauma-informed care. Fostering psychological flexibility, as proposed in the ACT therapy, is suggested as an important treatment focus for addressing the effects of human and natural disasters.

AHMET GEŞEMOĞLU'NUN ŞİİRLERİNDE EVRENSEL AHENK VE İNSAN DOĞASININ ÇELİŞKİLERİ: PSİKOLOJİK VE DİNİ-FELSEFİ BİR ANALİZ

2025-06-24

Meleyke Memmedova | Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi

Ahmet Geşemoğlu, Azerbaycan'da ampirik sosyolojinin temellerini atan ve matematiğin sosyolojiye uygulanması alanında öncü çalışmalar yapan önemli bir bilim insanıdır. Moskova'da doktora eğitimini tamamladıktan sonra çeşitli sosyolojik araştırma merkezlerinin başkanı olmuş … Ahmet Geşemoğlu, Azerbaycan'da ampirik sosyolojinin temellerini atan ve matematiğin sosyolojiye uygulanması alanında öncü çalışmalar yapan önemli bir bilim insanıdır. Moskova'da doktora eğitimini tamamladıktan sonra çeşitli sosyolojik araştırma merkezlerinin başkanı olmuş ve 350’den fazla projeye liderlik etmiştir. Edebiyat alanında da aktif olan Geşemoğlu’nun şiirleri birçok ülkede yayımlanmış, ilk kitabı Vurgun Rüzgar ile edebiyat dünyasında tanınmıştır. Aynı zamanda gazetecilikle ilgilenerek yüzlerce makale kaleme almış ve uluslararası birçok etkinliğe katılmıştır. Ahmet Geşemoğlu'nun şiirlerinde insan doğasının derin çelişkileri ve evrensel ahenk kavramı güçlü bir şekilde işlenmektedir. Şair, bireyin içsel çatışmalarını, ahlaki ikilemlerini ve toplumsal değerlerle uyum arayışını ele alırken, İslamî ve insani değerleri birleştirerek evrensel bir mesaj sunar. Yardımlaşma, içtenlik, ve menfaat beklentisi olmadan yapılan iyilik temaları, onun şiirlerinde sıkça karşılaşılan unsurlardır. Geşemoğlu, bireyin içindeki saf iyiliği ortaya çıkarırken, bencillik, gösteriş ve koşullu davranışları eleştirir. Özellikle "Allah`a rüşvet teklif edenler" gibi ifadelerle, insan doğasındaki ahlaki zaaflara dikkat çeker ve okuyucuyu samimi bir ahlak anlayışına davet eder. Şiirlerinde metaforlar ve semboller aracılığıyla insanın iç dünyasındaki çatışmaları ve toplumsal ahengin gerekliliğini dile getirir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, şair Ahmet Geşemoğlu’nun şiirlerinde yer alan felsefi, psikolojik ve dini temaları derinlemesine incelemektir. Şairin hayatı ve edebi kişiliği ışığında, özellikle insanlık, adalet ve yaşamın anlamına dair yaklaşımları ele alınarak, onun şiirsel dili ve düşünsel derinliği analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma, Geşemoğlu’nun eserleri üzerinden edebi yaklaşımını ve dünya görüşünü açığa çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Araştırma, nitel bir yöntemle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ahmet Geşemoğlu’nun şiirleri, metin çözümlemesi ve içerik analizi yöntemleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Şairin biyografik verileri ışığında, şiirlerinde işlediği temalar, dili ve üslubu detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, felsefi ve psikolojik açılımlar ile şiirlerin derinlikli analizi yapılmış, dini içerikler de göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Çalışma, Geşemoğlu’nun şiirlerinden seçilen örnekler üzerinden, onun edebi dünyasında bu temaların nasıl işlendiğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

THE The Relationship between Religiosity and Hardiness in Students Working on Their Thesis at the Faculty of Psychology, Makassar State University

2025-06-24

Tiara Angreni , Ahmad Razak , Novita Maulidya Jalal | Journal of Correctional Issues

Hardiness is a trait that plays an important role in dealing with stressful situations. Coping strategy is one of the factors that affect hardiness, the way to apply coping strategies … Hardiness is a trait that plays an important role in dealing with stressful situations. Coping strategy is one of the factors that affect hardiness, the way to apply coping strategies is by having faith or joining a religious community called religiosity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between religiosity and hardiness in students who are working on a thesis at the Faculty of Psychology, Makassar State University. This study used a quantitative correlation approach involving 168 students as respondents. The scale used in this study is the Hardiness and Religiosity scale. Spearman Rho correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between Hardiness and Religiosity in the intellectual dimension (r=0.048, p<0.05), ideology (r=0.011, p<0.05), and public worship (r=0.016, p<0.05), which indicates a significant relationship between Hardiness and religiosity. This finding has implications that increasing religiosity can strengthen students' hardiness, so it is important for students and educational institutions to develop spiritual aspects and mental resilience during the thesis process.

The Effectiveness of Gratitude Letter Writing Intervention on Increasing Subjective Well-Being in High School Students

2025-06-24

Resekiani Mas Bakar , Afrilla Fitri Angreni , Ildiniah Faranita Kakiet +2 more | Journal of Correctional Issues

Adolescence is a critical developmental stage characterized by significant physical and psychological changes that impact subjective well-being (SWB). This study explores the effectiveness of five days of gratitude letter writing … Adolescence is a critical developmental stage characterized by significant physical and psychological changes that impact subjective well-being (SWB). This study explores the effectiveness of five days of gratitude letter writing intervention aimed at improving SWB among high school students. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group was employed involving twenty participants, divided equally into an experimental group that engaged in daily gratitude letter writing for five consecutive days, and a control group without intervention. Subjective well-being was assessed using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The findings revealed no statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups following the intervention. Despite the lack of significant improvement, the experimental group showed a positive trend in affect balance, suggesting potential benefits of the intervention. These results imply that short-term interventions may not be sufficient to produce immediate measurable changes in SWB, highlighting the importance of longer intervention periods and the inclusion of social support mechanisms. Future studies should aim to extend intervention duration and integrate social context factors to better facilitate emotional and psychological growth in adolescents. This study contributes to understanding the limitations and possibilities of gratitude-based interventions in enhancing adolescent well-being, suggesting that sustained practice and supportive environments are crucial for meaningful improvements.

Association between depressive symptoms and physical exercise in college students: longitudinal mediating effects of social support and psychological resilience

2025-06-23

Yuanyuan Hou , X. Liu , Zhendong Li +6 more | Frontiers in Psychology

Purpose This longitudinal study aimed to explore the bidirectional causal relationship between depressive symptoms and physical exercise among college students, with a focus on the mediating roles of social support … Purpose This longitudinal study aimed to explore the bidirectional causal relationship between depressive symptoms and physical exercise among college students, with a focus on the mediating roles of social support and psychological resilience. Methods The Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) was used to assess depression. Physical activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), A longitudinal study of 1,413 college students was conducted over three months, collecting data at two time points (T1: September 15, 2024; T2: 17 December 2024). In this longitudinal study, 1,350 valid samples were obtained. Primary analyses included independent samples t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation. Amos 28.0 was used to construct the cross-lag model and structural equation model for analysis. Results (1) Depressive symptoms at T1 negatively predicted physical activity at T2 ( β = −0.07, p &lt; 0.05). Physical exercise at T1 negatively predicted depressive symptoms at T2 ( β = −0.08, p &lt; 0.05), and depressive symptoms and physical exercise could predict each other. (2) Social support at T2 played a delayed mediating role in depressive symptoms at T1 and physical exercise at T2 ( β = −0.02, [−0.049, −0.006], p &lt; 0.01). (3) Resilience at T2 played a delayed mediating role in depressive symptoms at T1 and physical exercise at T2 ( β = −0.03, [−0.049, −0.002], p &lt; 0.01). (4) Social support and resilience at T2 played a delayed chain mediating role in depressive symptoms and physical exercise at T1 ( β = −0.01, [−0.024, −0.005], p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion This study highlights the importance of social support and resilience in promoting physical exercise and alleviating depressive symptoms in college students, as well as the interrelationship between depressive symptoms and physical exercise. The results showed that depressive symptoms not only directly affected physical exercise of college students, but also indirectly affected physical exercise of college students through the independent mediating effect of social support and psychological resilience and the chain mediating effect of social support-psychological resilience. In practice, we should improve the social support system and improve the psychological resilience of college students, which can effectively alleviate the depressive symptoms of college students and enhance physical exercise.

Commentary: The mediating effect of resilience between physical activity and mental health: a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach

2025-06-23

Jiawei Zhao , Yufeng Wang , Chao Yang +1 more | Frontiers in Public Health

Enhancing nursing team resilience to manage continuous change in practice: A qualitative descriptive study

2025-06-23

Astrid Hirt , R. Sauer , Daniela Häendler-Schuster | Australian journal of advanced nursing

Beyond Performance: AI Psychological Empowerment in Cross-Cultural Education

2025-06-23

Yingnan Shi , Astrid Tong Xu | Deleted Journal

This study investigates artificial intelligence (AI) psychological empowerment in education, examining how AI tools enhance students' sense of competence, autonomy, and engagement beyond the effects of material empowerment (e.g., task … This study investigates artificial intelligence (AI) psychological empowerment in education, examining how AI tools enhance students' sense of competence, autonomy, and engagement beyond the effects of material empowerment (e.g., task performance improvements). Using a quasi-experimental design, we compared Chinese domestic students in China and Chinese international students in Australia to assess whether AI psychological empowerment is both tangible and more impactful than material empowerment. We highlight several nuanced ways AI fosters personal growth and self-perception. Our findings reveal that, while AI material empowerment is beneficial, psychological empowerment has a stronger influence on motivation and self-perception, particularly for international students compared to local students, despite both groups completing the same English writing task. These results suggest that AI's role in education extends beyond traditional material support, offering transformative psychological empowerment that enhances students' confidence in academic contexts. This empowerment reasonably translates into greater personal adaptability and, ultimately, personal growth. The study contributes to the growing literature on AI in education, providing insights for scholars, educators, and policymakers seeking to leverage AI for holistic student development. Notably, generative AI (GAI) emerges as a critical tool for cultural and linguistic adaptation, particularly for immigrant students navigating foreign academic systems. Furthermore, the psychological empowerment effects of GAI appear to be context-dependent, with stronger impacts observed in students facing greater cultural or linguistic barriers. These findings emphasize AI's potential to foster personal growth and resilience across diverse learning contexts. Finally, we recommend that educational policies and practices be tailored to leverage GAI for immigrant populations, paving the way for more equitable educational opportunities. Received: 7 November 2024 | Revised: 28 February 2025| Accepted: 4 June 2025 Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement The data that support this work are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author. Author Contribution Statement Yingnan Shi: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization. Astrid Tong Xu: Validation, Data curation, Writing - review & editing, Visualization.

Supplemental Material for Unlocking Resilience in the Face of User Aggression: Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of the Italian Trauma-Related Coping Self-Efficacy Scale Among Hospital Health Care Professionals

2025-06-23

| Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy

The family stress model in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: Family cohesion as a source of resilience among Latinx families.

2025-06-23

Ada M. Wilkinson‐Lee , Stefanie Martinez‐Fuentes , Katharine H. Zeiders +5 more | Journal of Family Psychology

Studies emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic have documented the emotional, physical, and economic hardships experienced within families across the United States. Guided by the family stress model, this study examined … Studies emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic have documented the emotional, physical, and economic hardships experienced within families across the United States. Guided by the family stress model, this study examined parents' reports of economic hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the role of this hardship in Latinx parents' concurrent depressive symptoms and parenting behaviors and, in turn, their youths' well-being 1 year later. Further, we examined whether family cohesion mitigated the negative impact of families' economic strain. The present study utilized data from a longitudinal study of 295 Latinx families living within the U.S. Southwest. Parents and their adolescents were recruited in August 2020 and completed online surveys at two time points (about a year apart). Adolescents were approximately 13 years old (SD = 1.41 years) at Time 1 (T1), and the majority were U.S.-born (95%). Adolescents identified as male (51%), female (47%), and trans female/nonbinary (2%). Parents were 40 years old (SD = 6.27 years) at T1, and the majority were U.S.-born (58.2%) and identified as female (90%). Results indicated that families who experienced more economic hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic also reported greater depressive symptoms, which, in turn, were associated with lower parental warmth. Parental warmth predicted lower adolescent depressive symptoms 1 year later, accounting for prior levels of youth symptoms. Overall, findings supported the indirect associations between greater economic hardship and youth's lower well-being, but also suggested that greater family cohesion moderated links such that it offset the negative association between parent's depressive symptoms and parenting practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychological resilience trajectories after the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of lifestyle and psychosocial factors in a cohort at increased alzheimer’s disease risk

2025-06-23

Israel Contador , Müge Akinci , Eleni Palpatzis +7 more | Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

This longitudinal cohort study evaluates whether lifestyle and psychosocial factors are associated with psychological resilience at two time points of COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, we investigated the mediating role of perceived … This longitudinal cohort study evaluates whether lifestyle and psychosocial factors are associated with psychological resilience at two time points of COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, we investigated the mediating role of perceived stress on these associations. A total of 677 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults at increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Based on the Reliable Change Index (RCI), HADS trajectories were defined at two intervals: (1) pre-pandemic-confinement (follow-up = 2,28 ± 0,84 years); (2) confinement-post-confinement (follow-up = 1,49 ± 0,12 years). Then, 4 trajectory groups were defined: Psychological Resilience (n = 448, stable or improve at both intervals), Descending (n = 84, stable/improve [interval 1]-worsen [interval 2]), Recovery (n = 59, worsening [interval 1], improvement [interval 2] ) and Non-resilient (n = 86, worsening at both intervals). Logistic regression models (LRM) were applied considering lifestyle (physical and leisure activities, sleep) and psychosocial factors (social relationships and emotional support) as predictors of psychological resilience trajectory (i.e., outcome) at both intervals. Finally, mediation analyses were carried out to test the effect of perceived stress on the relationships between the predictive factors and psychological resilience. Our finding showed that most participants followed a psychological resilient trajectory (66,1%). LRMs indicated that higher physical activity level, a greater number of social interactions and longer sleep duration were significantly associated with a psychological resilience trajectory both at confinement and at the 1.5 years follow-up. Lastly, the mediation analyses suggested that these factors influence psychological resilience through the mitigation of perceived stress. These findings underscore the role of physical activity, social interactions and sleep quality to strengthen individuals' capacity to cope with stress during prolonged crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. These lifestyle and psychological factors may be valuable targets for public health strategies aimed to prevent mental health problems.

Family Functioning and Self-Directed Learning Tendencies in Junior High School Students: The Mediating Role of Academic Resilience

2025-06-23

Sun Yan-xia , Shi Shaomin , Ji-Heng Zhang +2 more | Journal of Child and Family Studies

Resiliencia en adolescentes embarazadas con recursos económicos limitados: una revisión sistémica

2025-06-23

| Revista de ciencias sociales.

Narratives of Resilience:Coping with Adversity

2025-06-23

Kakungulu Samuel J. | Research Invention Journal of Research in Education

Resilience is more than an individual trait; it is a narrative deeply embedded within cultural, social, and historical contexts. This paper explores how resilience is narrated by individuals coping with … Resilience is more than an individual trait; it is a narrative deeply embedded within cultural, social, and historical contexts. This paper explores how resilience is narrated by individuals coping with adversity, with a particular focus on Sierra Leone’s post-conflict recovery. Drawing from storytelling sessions involving diverse groups including ex-child soldiers this study examines how societal norms, cultural worldviews, and personal beliefs interact within resilience narratives. It analyzes the theoretical foundations of resilience, coping mechanisms employed by young adults, and the role of support systems. Case studies highlight the complex ways resilience is culturally framed and personally lived. Challenges in resilience discourse, including misconceptions about resilience as a stable trait, are also addressed. By applying narrative theory, this paper illuminates how personal experiences of trauma are woven into socially constructed stories that enable healing and adaptation. Ultimately, it argues for a dynamic, context-sensitive understanding of resilience that embraces individual agency while acknowledging systemic influences. Keywords: Resilience Narratives, Coping Mechanisms, Cultural Context, Sierra Leone, Post-Conflict Recovery, Trauma and Healing, Narrative Theory

Caring behavior, organizational commitment and resilience among psychiatric nurses

2025-06-23

Karen Shiela Ann D Quesea | International Journal of Research Studies in Management

Young Adults’ Evolving Values, Attitudes, Behavior, and Processes of Unlearning in a Post-Pandemic World

2025-06-23

Andrés Calvache‐Mateo , Inero Ancho , Rufo Gil Albor +3 more | Indonesian Journal of Behavioral Studies

Young adults' beliefs, attitudes, and perspectives on life were profoundly shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic, which disrupted their developmental transitions and reshaped their personal, social, and professional lives. This study … Young adults' beliefs, attitudes, and perspectives on life were profoundly shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic, which disrupted their developmental transitions and reshaped their personal, social, and professional lives. This study aims to explore the specific changes in values, attitudes, and belief systems that emerged among young adults during the pandemic, examine their positive and negative effects in the post-pandemic context, and investigate young adults’ willingness to unlearn behaviors and perceptions acquired during this period. This qualitative phenomenological study involved semi-structured interviews with ten young adults who either entered college or joined the workforce during the height of the pandemic, capturing their lived experiences of adaptation and change. Thematic analysis revealed several key insights: participants experienced a re-emphasis on core values such as family, health, and time; developed coping mechanisms that included financial prudence and digital reliance; and expressed varied levels of willingness to unlearn maladaptive behaviors such as social withdrawal and overuse of digital platforms. These findings suggest that adaptation among young adults is not merely behavioral but involves conscious reflection and restructuring of beliefs and routines. The study contributes to understanding how crises affect the developmental trajectories of emerging adults and emphasizes the role of unlearning in navigating post-pandemic transitions.

Assessing the VIA Character Strengths as a Preventative Intervention in UK Policing

2025-06-23

Elizabeth D. Hutchison , Ashley Cartwright | Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology

A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Problem-Solving Appraisal as Assessed by the Problem Solving Inventory and Suicide Ideation

2025-06-23

Anita Padmanabhanunni , Tyrone B. Pretorius | Archives of Suicide Research

Suicide is a significant public health concern globally, and deficits in problem-solving ability have been identified as an important risk factor for suicide. Through a comprehensive meta-analysis, this study aims … Suicide is a significant public health concern globally, and deficits in problem-solving ability have been identified as an important risk factor for suicide. Through a comprehensive meta-analysis, this study aims to quantitatively synthesize the relationship between self-appraised problem-solving ability as measured by the Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) and suicidal ideation as indicated by measures of hopelessness and suicidal thoughts. The heterogeneity metrics suggested that the PSI and its subscales relate to suicide-related variables, though the strength and direction of these relationships vary across studies and populations. Despite this variability, the total PSI scale demonstrated the strongest combined effect, indicating its potential utility in suicide risk assessment. There were no significant moderating effects of age or gender composition across the studies, indicating that the relationship between perceived problem-solving abilities and suicide-related outcomes is consistent across age and gender groups. The strong association between perceived problem-solving competencies and reduced hopelessness highlights the potential of targeted interventions to enhance these skills. Such interventions could form a vital component of suicide-prevention strategies, aimed at bolstering the ability to cope with stress and adversity.HIGHLIGHTSTotal PSI scale had the largest combined effect on suicide-related variables.Self-appraised problem-solving has a pronounced association with hopelessness.Findings highlight the potential of interventions to enhance problem-solving.

Promoting Academic Resilience of Undergraduate Students Through Effective Feedback

2025-06-23

Moabelo B.C. | International Journal of Education and Teaching

Resilience Among Healthcare Staff: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Digital Training Program

2025-06-22

Lotte Bock , Lara Westemeyer , Nadine Moschner +2 more | Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings

Abstract Nursing and direct care staff face significant psychological and physical challenges, including high workloads, emotional labour, and staff shortages, which increase the risk of burnout and stress-related conditions. Resilience … Abstract Nursing and direct care staff face significant psychological and physical challenges, including high workloads, emotional labour, and staff shortages, which increase the risk of burnout and stress-related conditions. Resilience is a protective factor that mitigates these effects. This study evaluated the efficacy of a 28-day digital resilience training programme tailored to the needs of nursing and direct care staff. One hundred twenty participants working in German healthcare settings were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a waitlist control group. Experimental group participants received a programme consisting of twice-daily video-based exercises, reflections, and relaxation activities over four weeks. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (T1), post-intervention (T2), and three months follow-up (T3). Resilience (primary outcome) was measured using the Resilience Scale, and perceived stress (secondary outcome) was measured using the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ). Compared to the control group, experimental group participants demonstrated significant improvements in resilience from T1 to T3 ( p < .001, d = 0.6) and substantial reductions in percieved stress (PSQ total score, p < .001, d = − 1.4). No significant changes were observed in the control group. The digital programme effectively enhanced resilience and reduced the perception of stress, aligning with prior research on resilience training in healthcare. Despite stress reduction showing a larger effect size, resilience remained the theoretically grounded primary outcome. The flexible, scalable design of the digital programme accommodates challenges like shift work, offering a practical solution for improving nurse staff’s mental health. Clinical Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), Identifier: DRKS00030973.

正念减压训练在护理教育中的研究进展与未来方向

2025-06-22

郭笑一 , 张昕妍 | 教育学刊

郭笑一，张昕妍吉林医药学院护理学院，吉林省吉林市摘要：正念目前被广泛运用于临床心理学、竞技运动领域中，在实践应用研究中，部分学者将正念带入护生课堂，并取得一定研究成果，本文基于近五年有关护生正念训练的文献，较为系统全面地归纳了正念减压训练在护理教育中的研究进展，并提出未来发展方向。郭笑一，张昕妍吉林医药学院护理学院，吉林省吉林市摘要：正念目前被广泛运用于临床心理学、竞技运动领域中，在实践应用研究中，部分学者将正念带入护生课堂，并取得一定研究成果，本文基于近五年有关护生正念训练的文献，较为系统全面地归纳了正念减压训练在护理教育中的研究进展，并提出未来发展方向。

Perceived stress, resilience, and academic performance among pharmacy students in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study

2025-06-22

Fathul Muin , Anna Wahyuni Widayanti , Maya Ramadhani Indarto +2 more | Pharmacy Education

Background: This study assessed the perceived stress and resilience of pharmacy students in three Indonesian universities and explored their relationship with academic performance. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using … Background: This study assessed the perceived stress and resilience of pharmacy students in three Indonesian universities and explored their relationship with academic performance. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25). A self-reported Grade Point Average (GPA) was collected to assess academic performance. Data were analysed using SPSS with Pearson correlation, t-tests, and ANOVA. Results: A total of 714 pharmacy students participated in the study, representing a 43% response rate from around 1,650 eligible students. Over half were aged 17 to 20, and 86.2% were female. The average PSS score was 21.58 (SD±5.10), while the CD-RISC score averaged 67.93 (SD±14.11). Male students had an average perceived stress score of 20.16 (SD ±5.48), while female students reported a higher score of 21.81 (SD ±5.00). Male students demonstrated greater resilience with an average score of 71.71 (SD±13.98), while female students had a lower score of 67.33 (SD±14.05). Significant differences in perceived stress and resilience scores were observed based on gender, with p-values of 0.003 and 0.004, respectively. Perceived stress and resilience significantly impacted academic performance (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings revealed the importance of fostering resilience and addressing stress to support the academic performance and well-being of Indonesian pharmacy students.

Polygenic Mediation Analysis of Psychological Resilience and Outcomes in Taiwanese Young Adults

2025-06-22

Jansen Marcos Cambia , Jing-Jane Tsai , Gianmarco Daniele +6 more | The Journal of Genetic Psychology

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for psychiatric phenotypes correlate with state psychological outcomes, with resilience mediating this relationship, suggesting that genetic predisposition may increase mental health risk via lower resilience. Using … Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for psychiatric phenotypes correlate with state psychological outcomes, with resilience mediating this relationship, suggesting that genetic predisposition may increase mental health risk via lower resilience. Using national genome-wide data from Taiwan Biobank (TWB), we built PRS for psychiatric diagnosis (PD), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with psychiatric phenotypes. To test our hypothesis, we conducted polygenic mediation models in a locally recruited cohort of young adults (N = 159, mean age = 23.0), applying False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction. Resilience (mediator) measures included the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA). Psychological outcomes were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Mediation analysis showed that resilience significantly mediated the relationship between PRS-PD and BAI, where the indirect effects via CD-RISC was 0.47 (95% CI [confidence interval]: 0.04-0.97; p = 0.036) and via RSA was 0.51 (95% CI: 0.09-1.09; p = 0.020). PRS-MDD and BAI, with indirect effects via CD-RISC (1.96 [95% CI: 0.47-4.22]; p = 0.033) and RSA (0.33 [95% CI: 0.03-2.93]; p = 0.048). PRS-OCD and BAI were mediated via RSA (0.09 [95% CI: 0.02-0.18]; p = 0.009). We also found significant mediation effects via RSA for PRS-SCZ and BAI (0.69 [95% CI: 0.10-1.44]; p = 0.024) and PRS-SCZ and BDI (1.16 [95% CI: 0.01-0.33]; p = 0.042), but not after FDR correction. These findings highlight that resilience mitigates the genetic predisposition to depression and anxiety, emphasizing the importance of interventions to enhance resilience in individuals predisposed to psychiatric phenotypes.