SU\G(𝔾)/K·U
Sign Up for free Log In
Medicine â€ș Complementary and alternative medicine

Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis

Works Count: 44407

Description

This cluster of papers explores the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in modern science, focusing on herbal medicine, phytochemistry, quality control, and the pharmacological effects of specific TCM components. It also delves into the application of TCM in treating cardiovascular diseases, with a particular emphasis on Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza. The research covers the chemical analysis of TCM components such as tanshinones and their potential therapeutic benefits.

Keywords

Traditional Chinese Medicine; Herbal Medicine; Phytochemistry; Quality Control; Pharmacological Effects; Cardiovascular Disease; Chemical Analysis; Astragalus membranaceus; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Tanshinones

The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs

1998-07-27
Kee Huang
Introduction A Brief History of Chinese Medicine The Cardiovascular System Herbs with Multiple Actions Cardiac Herbs Antiarrhythmic Herbs Antihypertensive Herbs Antianginal Herbs Antihypercholesteroliemic Herbs Antishock Herbs The Nervous System Anesthetics 
 Introduction A Brief History of Chinese Medicine The Cardiovascular System Herbs with Multiple Actions Cardiac Herbs Antiarrhythmic Herbs Antihypertensive Herbs Antianginal Herbs Antihypercholesteroliemic Herbs Antishock Herbs The Nervous System Anesthetics and Muscle-Relaxing Herbs Sedatives and Hypnotic Herbs Anticonvulsive Herbs Anti-Alzheimer and Nootropic Herbs Analgesic Herbs Antipyretic Herbs Antirheumatic Herbs Central Stimulating Herbs The Alimentary System Stomachic and Wind-Dispelling Herbs Herbs Promoting Digestion Antacid and Antiulcer Herbs Laxative Herbs Antidiarrheal Herbs Emetic and Antiemetic Herbs Choleretic and Antihepatitis Herbs Tonics and Supporting Herbs The Respiratory System Antitussives Expectorants Antiasthmatic Herbs The Genitourinary System Diuretic Herbs Herbs Affecting the Uterus Fertility and Contraceptive Herbs The Hematopoietic System Herbs Promoting Blood Formation Immunoenhancing and Immunosuppressing Herbs Hemostatic and Antistasic Herbs The Endocrine System Herbs Affecting the Thyroid Gland Herbs Affecting the Adrenal Cortex Antidiabetic Herbs Chemotherapy Antibacterial, Antiviral, and Antifungus Herbs Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Viral (HIV) Herbs Antitubercular Herbs Antiseptics and Disinfectants Anthelmintics Antiamebial and Antitrichomonial Herbs Antimalarial Herbs Anticancer Herbs Appendix Index

Pharmacology and applications of chinese materia medica

1987-11-01
Hson-Mou. Chang , Paul Pui‐Hay But

Application of Chemometrics in Authentication of Herbal Medicines: A Review

2012-06-07
Haidy A. Gad , Sherweit H. El‐Ahmady , Mohamed I. Abou‐Shoer +1 more
Abstract Introduction Herbal medicines (HM) and their preparations have been widely used for hundreds of years all over the world. However, they have not been officially recognised due to a 
 Abstract Introduction Herbal medicines (HM) and their preparations have been widely used for hundreds of years all over the world. However, they have not been officially recognised due to a lack of adequate or accepted research methodology for their evaluation. Objective To present a concise overview of the recent applications of chemometrics in solving the ambiguity of herbal medicine authentication during the last two decades. Methodology Studies involving the applications of chemometric analysis in combination with different analytical methods were classified according to the method of analysis used including chromatographic (HPLC, GC and CE), spectroscopic (NMR, IR, UV and ICP) and genetic analysis (RAPD). The purpose of each of these studies was classified into one of three main categories: taxonomic discrimination, quality assessment or classification between plants of different geographic origins. Results This review comprises over 150 studies, covering the past two decades, emphasising the significance of chemometric methods in the discrimination of many herbs from closely related species and from adulterants, based on the principal bioactive components and phytochemical diversity. Furthermore, the differentiation between varieties and hybrids was achieved in addition to the prediction of the active components by quantitative methods of analysis. Discrimination according to geographical origin and localities, processing methods, DNA profiling and metabolomics were also efficiently investigated. Conclusion Chemometric methods have provided an efficient and powerful tool for the quality control and authentication of different herbs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Anticancer Properties of <scp>Salvia Miltiorrhiza</scp> Bunge (Danshen): A Systematic Review

2013-10-07
Xiuping Chen , Jiajie Guo , Jiaolin Bao +2 more
Abstract Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen in Chinese) is a classical Huoxue Huayu (a traditional Chinese medical term means promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis) herb with 1000 years of 
 Abstract Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen in Chinese) is a classical Huoxue Huayu (a traditional Chinese medical term means promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis) herb with 1000 years of clinical application. It mainly contains two groups of ingredients: the hydrophilic phenolic acids and the lipophilic tanshinones. Both groups have demonstrated multiple bioactivities, such as antioxidative stress, antiplatelet aggregation, anti‐inflammation, among others. Recent data have demonstrated that its lipophilic compounds, especially the tanshinones, show potent anticancer activities both in vitro and in vivo. The anticancer effects of the hydrophilic phenolic acids have also been reported. Furthermore, tanshinones provide structural skeletons for chemical modifications, allowing for a series of derivatives of interests. This review provides a systematic summary of the anticancer profile and the underlying mechanisms of the bioactive compounds isolated from Danshen with special emphasis on tanshinones, aiming to bring new insights for further research and development of this ancient herb.

Salvia miltiorrhiza: Traditional medicinal uses, chemistry, and pharmacology

2015-03-01
Chunyan Su , Qianliang Ming , Khalid Rahman +2 more

Multiple chromatographic fingerprinting and its application to the quality control of herbal medicines

2005-10-18
Xiaohui Fan , Yiyu Cheng , Zhengliang Ye +2 more

Effects of naturally occurring flavonoids on nitric oxide production in the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and their structure–activity relationships

1999-09-01
Hee Kee Kim , Bong Sun Cheon , Young Ha Kim +2 more

Tanshinone IIA protects cardiac myocytes against oxidative stress-triggered damage and apoptosis

2007-04-30
Jiajia Fu , Heqing Huang , Jiajun Liu +3 more

Recent analytical approaches in quality control of traditional Chinese medicines—A review

2009-10-21
Yong Jiang , Bruno David , Pengfei Tu +1 more

Correlation between Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Contents of Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui)

2009-12-21
Xican Li , Xiaoting Wu , Ling Huang
Radix Angelicae Sinensisis (RAS) is one of the most popular traditional Chinese herbal medicines. In the present study, six RAS extracts (i.e., phenolic extract PE, petroleum ether extract PEE, ethyl 
 Radix Angelicae Sinensisis (RAS) is one of the most popular traditional Chinese herbal medicines. In the present study, six RAS extracts (i.e., phenolic extract PE, petroleum ether extract PEE, ethyl acetate extract EAE, absolute ethanol extract AEE, 95% ethanol extract 95 EE, and water extract WE) were prepared and their antioxidant activities measured by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical), ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt)], Reducing power, *O(2-) and lipid peroxidation assays. In general, PE, PEE and EAE had relatively high antioxidant activity, followed by AEE with moderate activity, as compared with 95 EE and WE that had low activity. Their phenolic contents (including total phenolic, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, same as below) were then determined by HPLC or spectrophotometry. The sequence of phenolic contents was roughly identical with that of antioxidant activity. When the values of 1/IC(50) of various antioxidant assays were used to evaluate the level of antioxidant of the RAS extracts, (plot between 1/IC(50) values and phenolic contents), the correlation coefficient (R) ranged from 0.642 to 0.941, with an average value of 0.839. Significant positive correlations demonstrated that the antioxidant effects of RAS might generally be considered a result of the presence of the phenolic compounds, especially ferulic acid and caffeic acid.
View PDF Chat

Chromatographic separation techniques and data handling methods for herbal fingerprints: A review

2011-02-17
Christophe Tistaert , Bieke Dejaegher , Yvan Vander Heyden

Isolation of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) from Artemisia annua Growing in the United States

1984-07-01
Daniel L. Klayman , Lin Ai , Nancy Acton +5 more
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) from Artemisia annua Growing in the United StatesDaniel L. Klayman, Ai J. Lin, Nancy Acton, John P. Scovill, James M. Hoch, Wilbur K. 
 ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) from Artemisia annua Growing in the United StatesDaniel L. Klayman, Ai J. Lin, Nancy Acton, John P. Scovill, James M. Hoch, Wilbur K. Milhous, Anthony D. Theoharides, and Arthur S. DobekCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1984, 47, 4, 715–717Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50034a027https://doi.org/10.1021/np50034a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1683Altmetric-Citations181LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Chemical Analysis of Radix Astragali (Huangqi) in China: A Comparison with Its Adulterants and Seasonal Variations

2002-07-16
Quan Xia , Qingkai Shi , Jin‐Ao Duan +2 more
Radix Astragali (root of Astragalus; Huangqi) is a popular traditional Chinese medicine, and Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongolicus are two commonly used species; however, there are many Astragalus 
 Radix Astragali (root of Astragalus; Huangqi) is a popular traditional Chinese medicine, and Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongolicus are two commonly used species; however, there are many Astragalus species that could act as adulterants of Radix Astragali. To find the chemical composition of Radix Astragali, the main constituents including flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides, amino acids, and trace elements were determined in two Radices Astragali, A. membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongolicus, and its eight adulterants, Astragalus propinquus, Astragalus lepsensis, Astragalus aksuensis, Astragalus hoantchy, Astragalus hoantchy subsp. dshimensis, Astragalus lehmannianus, Astragalus sieversianus, and Astragalus austrosibiricus. The results showed that the amounts of main constituents such as isoflavonoids and astragalosides varied in different species. In distinction, A. membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongolicus contained a higher amount of astragaloside I and IV. In addition, the main constituents of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus changed according to seasonal variation and age of the plant. The chemical composition of different species of Astragalus would provide useful information for the quality control of Radix Astragali. Keywords: Astragalosides; HPLC; isoflavonoids; traditional Chinese medicine

Tanshinones as selective and slow-binding inhibitors for SARS-CoV cysteine proteases

2012-08-02
Ji Young Park , Jang Hoon Kim , Young-Min Kim +7 more
View PDF Chat

Characterization of the radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of danshensu and salvianolic acid B

2007-07-05
Guang-Rong Zhao , Heng-Ming Zhang , Ting-Xiang Ye +4 more

Tetanus toxin: a cell surface marker for neurones in culture

1978-06-01
Rhona Mirsky , Linda M.B. Wendon , P H Black +2 more

Cardiovascular effects of Danshen

2007-03-29
Tsung O. Cheng

Salvia divinorum and salvinorin A: new pharmacologic findings

1994-06-01
Daniel J. Siebert

Ameliorating effects of compounds derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza root extract on microcirculatory disturbance and target organ injury by ischemia and reperfusion

2007-12-04
Jing‐Yan Han , Jing‐Yu Fan , Yoshinori Horie +6 more

Salvianolic acids: small compounds with multiple mechanisms for cardiovascular protection

2011-01-01
Jennifer Hui‐Chun Ho , Chuang-Ye Hong
Salvianolic acids are the most abundant water-soluble compounds extracted from Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen). In China, Danshen has been wildly used to treat cardiovascular diseases for hundreds of years. Salvianolic 
 Salvianolic acids are the most abundant water-soluble compounds extracted from Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen). In China, Danshen has been wildly used to treat cardiovascular diseases for hundreds of years. Salvianolic acids, especially salvianolic acid A (Sal A) and salvianolic acid B (Sal B), have been found to have potent anti-oxidative capabilities due to their polyphenolic structure. Recently, intracellular signaling pathways regulated by salvianolic acids in vascular endothelial cells, aortic smooth muscle cells, as well as cardiomyocytes, have been investigated both in vitro and in vivo upon various cardiovascular insults. It is discovered that the cardiovascular protection of salvianolic acids is not only because salvianolic acids act as reactive oxygen species scavengers, but also due to the reduction of leukocyte-endothelial adherence, inhibition of inflammation and metalloproteinases expression from aortic smooth muscle cells, and indirect regulation of immune function. Competitive binding of salvianolic acids to target proteins to interrupt protein-protein interactions has also been found to be a mechanism of cardiovascular protection by salvianolic acids. In this article, we review a variety of studies focusing on the above mentioned mechanisms. Besides, the target proteins of salvianolic acids are also described. These results of recent advances have shed new light to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for salvianolic acids to treat cardiovascular diseases.
View PDF Chat

Compatibility art of traditional Chinese medicine: From the perspective of herb pairs

2012-08-01
Wang Sheng-peng , Yangyang Hu , Wen Siang Tan +5 more

A Review of Recent Research Progress on the Astragalus Genus

2014-11-17
Xiaoxia Li , Lu Qu , Yongzhe Dong +5 more
Astragalus L., is one of the largest genuses of flowering plants in the Leguminosae family. Roots of A. membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. and its 
 Astragalus L., is one of the largest genuses of flowering plants in the Leguminosae family. Roots of A. membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. and its processed products are listed in the China Pharmacopeia for “qi deficiency” syndrome treatment. However, more and more researches on other species of Astragalus have been conducted recently. We summarize the recent researches of Astragalus species in phytochemistry and pharmacology. More than 200 constituents, including saponins and flavonoids, obtained from 46 species of Astragalus genus were collected for this article. In pharmacological studies, crude extracts of Astragalus, as well as isolated constituents showed anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant, antioxidative, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and antiviral activities. The goal of this article is to provide an overview of chemical and pharmacological studies on the Astragalus species over the last 10 years, which could be of value to new drug or food supplement research and development.
View PDF Chat

Plant Flavonoids, Especially Tea Flavonols, Are Powerful Antioxidants Using an in Vitro Oxidation Model for Heart Disease

1995-11-01
Joe A. Vinson , Yousef A. Dabbagh , Mamdouh M. Serry +1 more
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlant Flavonoids, Especially Tea Flavonols, Are Powerful Antioxidants Using an in Vitro Oxidation Model for Heart DiseaseJoe A. Vinson, Yousef A. Dabbagh, Mamdouh M. Serry, and Jinhee 
 ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlant Flavonoids, Especially Tea Flavonols, Are Powerful Antioxidants Using an in Vitro Oxidation Model for Heart DiseaseJoe A. Vinson, Yousef A. Dabbagh, Mamdouh M. Serry, and Jinhee JangCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 11, 2800–2802Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00059a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00059a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2466Altmetric-Citations495LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Effects of biotic and abiotic elicitors on cell growth and tanshinone accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza cell cultures

2010-03-01
Jianglin Zhao , Ligang Zhou , Jian‐Yong Wu

Optimised ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Folium eucommiae and evaluation of antioxidant activity in multi-test systems in vitro

2008-11-09
Wen Huang , An Xue , Hai Niu +2 more

The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs

1994-02-01
Kelvin Chan
Journal Article The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs Get access Kelvin Chan Kelvin Chan Liverpool John Moores University, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar 
 Journal Article The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs Get access Kelvin Chan Kelvin Chan Liverpool John Moores University, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 46, Issue 2, February 1994, Pages 159–160, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1994.tb03767.x Published: 12 April 2011
View PDF Chat

Constituents from <i>Salvia</i> Species and Their Biological Activities

2012-09-11
Yibing Wu , Zhi‐Yu Ni , Qing‐Wen Shi +4 more
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTConstituents from Salvia Species and Their Biological ActivitiesYi-Bing Wu†, Zhi-Yu Ni†, Qing-Wen Shi*†, Mei Dong‡, Hiromasa Kiyota*§, Yu-Cheng Gu†∄, and Bin Cong*‡View Author Information† School of Pharmaceutical 
 ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTConstituents from Salvia Species and Their Biological ActivitiesYi-Bing Wu†, Zhi-Yu Ni†, Qing-Wen Shi*†, Mei Dong‡, Hiromasa Kiyota*§, Yu-Cheng Gu†∄, and Bin Cong*‡View Author Information† School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, China‡ Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, China§ Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiya, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan∄ Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom*E-mail: Q.-W.S.: [email protected]; H.K.: [email protected]; B.C.: [email protected]. Tel.: 86-311 86265634 or 81-22-717-8785 or 86-311 86266406.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 11, 5967–6026Publication Date (Web):September 11, 2012Publication History Received18 February 2011Published online11 September 2012Published inissue 14 November 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr200058fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr200058freview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9503Altmetric-Citations328LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Hydrocarbons,Inhibition,Plants,Toxicity Get e-Alerts

Protective action of seven natural phenolic compounds against peroxidative damage to biomembranes

1992-01-01
Geng-Tao Liu , Tiemei Zhang , Bao-en Wang +1 more

Cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential of tanshinone IIA

2011-07-05
Si Gao , Zhiping Liu , Hong Li +3 more

The Structural Diversity of Phthalides from the Apiaceae

2007-05-04
John J. Beck , Shen‐Chieh Chou
Phthalides, and their corresponding dihydro and tetrahydro analogues, are components of several genera of the plant family Apiaceae. These taxa have been reported as exhibiting a wide range of bioactivities 
 Phthalides, and their corresponding dihydro and tetrahydro analogues, are components of several genera of the plant family Apiaceae. These taxa have been reported as exhibiting a wide range of bioactivities against experimental models of several illnesses and physiological conditions, including microbial and viral infections, stroke, tuberculosis, and vasoconstriction. Many of these genera are purported to possess medicinal values, and of these several are considered to be traditional herbal medicines. This review provides an overview of the methods of investigation, the structural diversity, and the bioactivity of phthalides, dihydrophthalides, tetrahydrophthalides, and dimers from plants in the Apiaceae.

New developments in the chemistry and biology of the bioactive constituents of tanshen

2006-08-03
Xihong Wang , Susan L. Morris‐Natschke , Kuo‐Hsiung Lee
Abstract Tanshen, the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been used in Chinese traditional medicine (TCM) for multiple therapeutic remedies. The major constituents of Tanshen include water‐soluble phenolic acids and 
 Abstract Tanshen, the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been used in Chinese traditional medicine (TCM) for multiple therapeutic remedies. The major constituents of Tanshen include water‐soluble phenolic acids and lipophilic tanshinones. Phenolic acids possess antioxidant and anticoagulant activities, whereas tanshinones show antibacterial, antioxidant, and antineoplastic activities. This review will focus on recent developments concerning the chemical constituents of Tanshen and their biological activities. These chemical and biological studies continue to increase our understanding about a scientific basis for the traditional clinical use of Tanshen and can also contribute to the development of new drug candidates. Recently, in the author's laboratory, a new compound, neo‐tanshinlactone, was discovered to have potent selective antibreast cancer activity. This compound might serve as a lead for developing promising antibreast cancer clinical trials candidates. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 27, No. 1, 133–148, 2007

Chromatographic fingerprint analysis—a rational approach for quality assessment of traditional Chinese herbal medicine

2006-02-04
Peishan Xie , Sibao Chen , Yi‐Zeng Liang +3 more

Review of the Botanical Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of <scp><i>Astragalus membranaceus</i></scp> (Huangqi)

2014-08-02
Juan Fu , Zenghui Wang , Linfang Huang +5 more
Astragalus membranaceus is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. It is used as immune stimulant, tonic, antioxidant, hepatoprotectant, diuretic, antidiabetic, anticancer, and expectorant. The current paper 
 Astragalus membranaceus is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. It is used as immune stimulant, tonic, antioxidant, hepatoprotectant, diuretic, antidiabetic, anticancer, and expectorant. The current paper reviews the botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Astragali Radix. Information on Astragali Radix was gathered via the Internet (using Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Elsevier, ACS, Medline Plus, CNKI, and Web of Science) as well as from libraries and local books. More than 100 compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides, and amino acids, have so far been identified, and the various biological activities of the compounds have been reported. As an important traditional Chinese medicine, further studies on Astragali Radix can lead to the development of new drugs and therapies for various diseases. The improvement of its utilization should be studied further. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Danshen: An Overview of Its Chemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Use

2005-11-15
Limin Zhou , Zhong Zuo , Moses S. S. Chow
Danshen, the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been widely used in China and, to a lesser extent, in Japan, the United States, and other European countries for the treatment 
 Danshen, the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been widely used in China and, to a lesser extent, in Japan, the United States, and other European countries for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In China, the specific clinical use is angina pectoris, hyperlipidemia, and acute ischemic stroke. The current review covers its traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, clinical applications, and potential herb‐drug interactions based on information obtained in both the English and Chinese literature. Although numerous clinical trials have demonstrated that certain Danshen products in China are effective and safe for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, most of these lack sufficient quality. Therefore, large randomized clinical trials and further scientific research to determine its mechanism of actions will be necessary to ensure the safety, effectiveness, and better understanding of its action .

<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i>: A Review of its Protection Against Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Cancers

2016-01-01
Kathy K. W. Au-Yeung , Quan‐Bin Han , Joshua Ka-Shun Ko
Astragalus membranaceus is a major medicinal herb commonly used in many herbal formulations in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat a wide variety of diseases and body 
 Astragalus membranaceus is a major medicinal herb commonly used in many herbal formulations in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat a wide variety of diseases and body disorders. Among its diversified clinical applications, the potential use of this herb and its chemical constituents in treatments of inflammatory diseases and cancers has been actively investigated in recent years. Astragalus-based treatments have demonstrated significant amelioration of the toxicity induced by other concurrently administered orthodox drugs (e.g., immunosuppressants and cancer chemotherapeutics). The major components of Astragalus membranaceus are polysaccharides, flavonoids, and saponins. Contemporary use of Astragalus membranaceus mainly focuses on its immunomodulating, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory, as well as anticancer effects. In this paper, we summarize the properties of Astragalus membranaceus and its major constituents in the biological system based on experimental and clinical studies. The antitumorigenic mechanisms of a novel Astragalus saponins extract called AST in treating various gastrointestinal cancers are highlighted. We discuss in detail how the Astragalus herb and AST influence the immune system, modulate various cancer signaling pathways, and interact with specific transcription molecules during protection against gastrointestinal inflammation and cancers. This information could help clinicians and scientists develop novel target-specific and effective therapeutic agents that are deprived of major systemic side effects, so as to establish a better treatment regimen in the battle against inflammatory diseases and cancers of the gut.

Angelica sinensis in China-A review of botanical profile, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and chemical analysis

2016-05-21
Wenlong Wei , Rui Zeng , Cai-Mei Gu +2 more

Research review on the pharmacological effects of astragaloside<scp>IV</scp>

2016-08-27
Lei Li , Xiaojiao Hou , Rongfang Fran Xu +2 more
Abstract Astragalus membranaceus Bunge has been used to treat numerous diseases for thousands of years. As the main active substance of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge , astragaloside IV ( AS ‐ 
 Abstract Astragalus membranaceus Bunge has been used to treat numerous diseases for thousands of years. As the main active substance of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge , astragaloside IV ( AS ‐ IV ) also demonstrates the potent protective effect on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, liver fibrosis, and diabetic nephropathy. Based on studies published during the past several decades, the current state of AS ‐ IV research and the pharmacological effects are detailed, elucidated, and summarized. This review systematically summarizes the pharmacological effects, metabolism mechanism, and the toxicity of AS ‐ IV . AS ‐ IV has multiple pharmacologic effects, including anti‐inflammatory, antifibrotic, antioxidative stress, anti‐asthma, antidiabetes, immunoregulation, and cardioprotective effect via numerous signaling pathways. According to the existing studies and clinical practices, AS ‐ IV possesses potential for broad application in many diseases.

Traditional Chinese Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease

2017-06-01
Panpan Hao , Fan Jiang , Jing Cheng +3 more

Anti-Aging Implications of Astragalus Membranaceus (Huangqi): A Well-Known Chinese Tonic

2017-01-01
Ping Liu , Haiping Zhao , Yumin Luo
Owing to a dramatic increase in average life expectancy and the Family Planning program of the 1970s - 1990s, China is rapidly becoming an aging society. Therefore, the investigation of 
 Owing to a dramatic increase in average life expectancy and the Family Planning program of the 1970s - 1990s, China is rapidly becoming an aging society. Therefore, the investigation of healthspan-extending drugs becomes more urgent. <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> (Huangqi) is a major medicinal herb that has been commonly used in many herbal formulations in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat a wide variety of diseases and body disorders, or marketed as life-prolonging extracts for human use in China, for more than 2000 years. The major components of <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> are polysaccharides, flavonoids, and saponins. Pharmacological research indicates that the extract component of <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> can increase telomerase activity, and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, anticancer, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, expectorant, and diuretic effects. A proprietary extract of the dried root of <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i>, called TA-65, was associated with a significant age-reversal effect in the immune system. Our review focuses on the function and the underlying mechanisms of <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> in lifespan extension, anti-vascular aging, anti-brain aging, and anti-cancer effects, based on experimental and clinical studies.
View PDF Chat

A systematic review on the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Chuanxiong)

2018-02-24
Zhejie Chen , Chen Zhang , Fei Gao +4 more

Salvia miltiorrhizaBurge (Danshen): a golden herbal medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics

2018-04-26
Zhuo-ming Li , Suowen Xu , Peiqing Liu
View PDF Chat

The traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.: A review

2018-08-18
Bo Zhu , Quanlong Zhang , Jin-wei Hua +2 more

Salvia miltiorrhiza in Treating Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review on Its Pharmacological and Clinical Applications

2019-07-05
Jie Ren , Li Fu , Shivraj Hariram Nile +2 more
Bioactive chemical constitutes from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza classified in two major groups, viz., liposoluble tanshinones and water-soluble phenolics. Tanshinone IIA is a major lipid-soluble compound having promising health 
 Bioactive chemical constitutes from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza classified in two major groups, viz., liposoluble tanshinones and water-soluble phenolics. Tanshinone IIA is a major lipid-soluble compound having promising health benefits. The in vivo and in vitro studies showed that the tanshinone IIA and salvianolate have a wide range of cardiovascular and other pharmacological effects, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, endothelial protective, myocardial protective, anticoagulation, vasodilation, and anti-atherosclerosis, as well as significantly help to reduce proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, some of the clinical studies reported that the S. miltiorrhiza preparations in combination with Western medicine were more effective for treatment of various cardiovascular diseases including angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and pulmonary heart diseases. In this review, we demonstrated the potential applications of S. miltiorrhiza, including pharmacological effects of salvianolate, tanshinone IIA, and its water-soluble derivative, like sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. Moreover, we also provided details about the clinical applications of S. miltiorrhiza preparations in controlling the cardiovascular diseases.
View PDF Chat

Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of paeoniflorin and total glucosides of paeony

2019-12-10
Lingling Zhang , Wei Wei
As a Traditional Chinese Medicine, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas has been used to treat pain, inflammation and immune disorders for more than 1000 years in China. Total glycoside of paeony (TGP) 
 As a Traditional Chinese Medicine, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas has been used to treat pain, inflammation and immune disorders for more than 1000 years in China. Total glycoside of paeony (TGP) is extracted from the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas. Paeoniflorin (Pae) is the major active component of TGP. Our research group has done a lot of work in the pharmacological mechanisms of Pae and found that Pae possessed extensive anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects. Pae could inhibit inflammation in the animal models of autoimmune diseases, such as experimental arthritis, psoriatic mice and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and so on. Pae modulates the functions and activation of immune cells, decreases inflammatory medium production, and restores abnormal signal pathway. Pae could balance the subsets of immune cells through inhibiting abnormal activated cell subsets and restoring regulatory cell subsets. Pae could regulate signaling pathways (GPCR pathway, MAPKs /NF-ÎșB patway, PI3K /Akt /mTOR pathway, JAK2 /STAT3 pathway, TGFÎČ /Smads, and etc.). TGP is composed of Pae, hydroxyl-paeoniflorin, paeonin, albiflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin etc. Pae accounts for more than 40% of TGP. Like Pae, TGP has anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects. TGP has been widely used to treat autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis, and etc. in China. Furthermore, TGP has some superior features with immune regulation, gentle effect, many indications and few adverse drug reactions. These findings suggest that TGP may be a promising anti-inflammatory and immune drug with soft regulation and has more superiority in the treatment of AIDs. Currently, TGP is used for the treatment of RA, SLE and other AIDs in more than 1000 hospitals in China, which obtained great social and economic benefits.

Astragaloside IV derived from Astragalus membranaceus: A research review on the pharmacological effects

2019-12-18
Jianqin Zhang , Chu-Xuan Wu , Li Gao +2 more

A Review of the Pharmacological Action of Astragalus Polysaccharide

2020-03-24
Yijun Zheng , Weiyu Ren , Lina Zhang +3 more
Astragalus membranaceus is a type of traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of clinical application. It is used in the improvement and treatment of various diseases as medicine and 
 Astragalus membranaceus is a type of traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of clinical application. It is used in the improvement and treatment of various diseases as medicine and food to invigorate the spleen and replenish qi. The main components of Astragalus membranaceus are Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), flavonoids compounds, saponins compounds, alkaloids, etc. APS is the most important natural active component in Astragalus membranaceus, and possesses multiple pharmacological properties. At present, APS possess the huge potential to develop a drug improving or treating different diseases. In this review, we reveal the potential approaches of pre-treating and preparation on APS as much as possible and the study on content of APS and its chemical composition including different monosaccharides. More importantly, This paper summarize pharmacological actions on immune regulation such as enhancing the immune organ index, promoting the proliferation of immune cells, stimulating the release of cytokines, and affecting the secretion of immunoglobulin and conduction of immune signals; anti-aging; anti-tumor by enhancing immunity, inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and inhibiting the proliferation and transfer of tumor cells; antiviral effects; regulation of blood glucose such as type I diabetes mellitus, type II diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications; lipid-lowering; anti-fibrosis; antimicrobial activities and anti-radiation. It provided theoretical basis for the further research such as its structure and mechanism of action, and clinical application of APS.
View PDF Chat

Astragali Radix (Huangqi): A promising edible immunomodulatory herbal medicine

2020-04-22
Zhejie Chen , Lijuan Liu , Caifang Gao +7 more

Quality control of herbal medicines

2004-12-05
Yi‐Zeng Liang , Peng Xie , Kelvin Chan
View PDF Chat

Efficacy and safety of 11 oral preparations of single-source traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

2025-06-24
X C Li , Xiaohui Li , Xing Zhu +5 more | Frontiers in Pharmacology
Background Unstable angina pectoris (UAP) is a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and can cause serious cardiovascular complications. Oral preparations of single-source traditional Chinese medicines (SSTCM-OPs) are increasingly used as 
 Background Unstable angina pectoris (UAP) is a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and can cause serious cardiovascular complications. Oral preparations of single-source traditional Chinese medicines (SSTCM-OPs) are increasingly used as adjuncts to conventional treatments (CT) for UAP, providing complementary therapeutic advantages with favorable safety profiles. However, the comparative efficacy and safety of these SSTCM-OPs remain unclear. This network meta-analysis (NMA) evaluates the efficacy and safety of 11 approved SSTCM-OPs to guide clinical practice in UAP treatment. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted across eight databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining SSTCM-OPs combined with CT for UAP were included. The search covered publications up to 4 December 2024. Quality assessment was performed using RevMan 5.4.1, and certainty of evidence was evaluated with GRADEpro software 3.6.1. A frequentist random-effects model was employed for NMA. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 18.0. Results A total of 72 RCTs involving 11 SSTCM-OPs and 7,360 patients were included. The NMA results demonstrated that Maixuekang oral preparation combined with CT and Xinyue oral preparation combined with CT showed superiority in terms of angina efficacy; Xindakang oral preparation combined with CT and Yinxingtongzhi oral preparation combined with CT showed superiority in terms of Electrocardiogram (ECG) efficacy and had an advantage in reducing nitroglycerin dosages; Xindakang oral preparation combined with CT and Yinxingtongzhi oral preparation combined with CT showed superiority in reducing nitroglycerin dosages; Zhenyuan oral preparation combined with CT and Diaoxinxuekang oral preparation combined with CT showed superiority in reducing frequency of angina; Xinnaoshutong oral preparation combined with CT and Yinxingtongzhi oral preparation combined with CT showed superiority in reducing duration of angina; Xuezhikang oral preparation combined with CT showed superiority in improving TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels as well as reducing the occurrence of MACEs; Yinxingtongzhi oral preparation combined with CT showed superiority in improving TG and PV levels; Lastly, Xuesaitong oral preparation combined with CT and Yinxingye oral preparation showed superiority in reducing hs-CRP levels. Conclusion All 11 SSTCM-OPs combined with CT showed advantages over CT alone in treating UAP. Notably, Xinnaoshutong + CT did not significantly reduce angina frequency, but it was effective in other outcomes. These findings suggest incorporating traditional Chinese medicine into standardized treatment regimens may enhance UAP management. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ , identifier CRD42024618094.

Network pharmacology-based approach to research the effects and mechanisms of Salvia Miltiorrhiza injection against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

2025-06-24
Liang-YĂŒ Chen , Haobo Lin , Linmang Qin +6 more | Frontiers in Medicine
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, life-threatening lung disease with limited treatment efficacy. Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely used in Chinese hospitals due 
 Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, life-threatening lung disease with limited treatment efficacy. Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely used in Chinese hospitals due to its antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. SM has also demonstrated potential as an anti-fibrotic agent. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of SM injection in treating IPF. Methods Active components and targets of SM were acquired from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, while IPF-associated genes were obtained from the DisGeNET database. Venn analysis was applied to intersect SM targets with IPF-associated genes, identifying potential therapeutic targets. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of these targets was constructed using the STRING database and visualized with Cytoscape software, where the CytoHubba plug-in was utilized to determine core therapeutic targets. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of the core targets were conducted via R language, and molecular docking was performed to predict the binding affinities of active compounds to the core targets. The core targets were further validated through qRT-PCR, Western blot (WB), and ELISA experiments. Results 70 potential target genes of SM injection for the treatment of IPF were identified, with MMP9, IL-6, and TNF- α as the core targets. These core targets were linked to pathways involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In vitro experiments indicated that SM injection alleviated pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating MMP9, IL-6, and TNF- α . Conclusion SM injection may effectively reduce pulmonary fibrosis through multi-target mechanisms, providing a new therapeutic strategy for IPF from the perspective of TCM.

Development and Validation of an RP‐HPLC Method for Organic Impurity Profiling in Baclofen Utilizing Robustness Through a Quality‐by‐Design (QbD) Approach: A Comprehensive Forced Degradation Assessment

2025-06-23
Santhosh Kumar Ettaboina , Satyasree Nannapaneni , Naresh Kumar Katari +1 more | Biomedical Chromatography
Strong understandings of science and risk evaluation methodologies are needed to design an analytical method for pharmaceutical quality assessment. This article provides an HPLC method for separating and quantifying baclofen 
 Strong understandings of science and risk evaluation methodologies are needed to design an analytical method for pharmaceutical quality assessment. This article provides an HPLC method for separating and quantifying baclofen and related impurities. The technique used a Waters Symmetry C18 column, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 ÎŒm in gradient mode. Mobile Phase A was prepared by dissolving 0.0128 M of 1-octane sulfonic acid sodium salt in water, followed by the addition of 1 mL of orthophosphoric acid and 2 mL of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide to make up to a solution of 1 L. Mobile Phase B was a homogenous mixture of methanol and water in a 900:100 (v/v) ratio. A 0.7-mL/min flow rate was maintained for 60 min. The sample cooler and column temperatures were kept at 25°C and 32°C with a 10-ÎŒL injection volume. The detecting wavelength was 225 nm. The drug product and material were subjected to acidity, base, oxidation, heat, and photolysis according to International Conference on Harmonization (Q2) criteria. A linear response (R2 > 0.999), accuracy (recoveries 97.1%-102.5%), precision (RS ≀ 5.0%), sensitivity, and specificity were demonstrated by the proposed method. This method ensures reliable analytical performance by cleanly separating compounds. Final method conditions were assessed using a full-factorial design. Graphical optimization from the design space identified robust technique conditions.

Danshenol B alleviates central post-stroke pain by regulating the PIK3CG/NLRP3 signaling pathway

2025-06-23
Penghai Li , Linna Yu , Jinzhong Yao +2 more | Journal of Translational Medicine

Exploring Astragaloside IV in Ischemic Heart Disease: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Preclinical Cardiotoxicity Models

2025-06-23
Alosh Greeny , Gollapalle Lakshminarayanashastry Viswanatha , Rekha R. Shenoy +5 more | Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology
This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Astragaloside IV (As-IV) in ischemic heart disease based on the preclinical evidence and to correlate the cardioprotective 
 This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Astragaloside IV (As-IV) in ischemic heart disease based on the preclinical evidence and to correlate the cardioprotective effect with various available mechanisms. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted based on the results of a thorough literature search in databases of published papers, such as PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. A total of 18 studies that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were included. The meta-analysis has shown the significant therapeutic efficacy of As-IV on ischemic heart disease. As-IV has decreased the myocardial infarction size, the left ventricular weight indices, the left ventricular internal diameter in systole, and the left ventricular internal diameter in diastole. As-IV has decreased the level of the third type of collagen and the decreased activity of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. Also, As-IV has markedly decreased the rate of apoptosis and the expression of the proapoptotic markers such as caspase-3 and Bax. The left ventricular systolic pressure, as well as the arterial shortening edge and the ejection fraction, has increased. The levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 increased. In addition, As-IV has a powerful anti-inflammatory influence by inhibiting the main markers of inflammation, such as TLR4, IL-1, TNF-α, and TGF-ÎČ. As-IV has also caused an effect on angiogenesis by increasing the VEGF level. The results have revealed the As-IV, as a decent universal medicine for ischemic heart disease because of its variety of actions and effectiveness.

Abietane diterpenoid with diverse structures and multi-functional neuroprotective effects from Salvia castanea

2025-06-22
Yang Liang , Gangjian Wei , Yi Cao +3 more | Fitoterapia

Paeoniflorin Improves Stroke by Modulating the ESR1 Pathway: Data Mining and Validation Based on Network Approaches

2025-06-20
Zheng Sun , Junjie Peng , Jiaqi Chu +7 more | Pharmaceuticals
Aim of the study: Traditional Chinese herbs have a unique therapeutic effect on stroke and numerous successful clinical cases. However, these clinical cases are highly dispersed, creating challenges for translational 
 Aim of the study: Traditional Chinese herbs have a unique therapeutic effect on stroke and numerous successful clinical cases. However, these clinical cases are highly dispersed, creating challenges for translational research. This study employs a new paradigm to identify treatment patterns and the active compound interactions contained within these clinical cases, with experimental validation after target screening. Methods and Materials: Stroke-related targets were identified through GEO, DisGeNET, and Genecards. Active ingredients were extracted from BATMAN-TCM 2.0. All herbs and diseases were confirmed by the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (2020 edition) and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH). All networks in this study were constructed by Cytoscape, and data analysis was done by Python. All formulations and herbs were retrieved from the literature review. For the molecular docking process, Autodock was applied as the docking platform, and all the protein structures were downloaded from PDB. For experimental validation after target screening, HT22 cells were incubated with glucose-free DMEM and placed in an anaerobic chamber for 2 h. Subsequently, HT22 cells were reoxygenated for 24 h. Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) protein levels were measured in vitro. Results: seven materials, including Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Pheretima, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Persicae Semen, Astragali Radix, Carthami Flos, and Radix Paeoniae Rubra, were identified as the core herbs for the treatment of stroke. The targets of the stroke mechanism were screened, and the herbs-compound-target network was constructed. Among them, paeoniflorin (PF) was identified as the core active compound, and its interaction with ESR1 was verified by molecular docking as the key interaction for the treatment of stroke. In vitro experiments showed that PF inhibited cell apoptosis under hypoxia by increasing the expression of ESR1 compared with the oxygen-glucose deprivation-reperfusion (OGD/R) model group. Western showed that PF (100 ÎŒM, 200 ÎŒM) can significantly increase the decreased ESR1 protein level caused by the OGD/R model. Conclusions: seven key herbs were screened. Further bioinformatics and network pharmacology studies suggested that PF is expected to become a new active compound for the treatment of stroke. In vitro validation further demonstrated that PF enhanced neuronal survival and ESR1 expression under ischemic conditions, supporting its therapeutic candidacy.

TAXONOMIC STUDY ON PAEONIA L.,1753 (PAEONIACEAE) FROM IRAQ

2025-06-19
Zeravan Al-Doskey | Bulletin of The Iraq Natural History Museum
The primary aim of this investigation is to update the taxonomy of the genus Paeonia L.,1753 (Paeoniaceae) in Iraq based on morphological characteristics, anatomical features, ecological notes, and geographic distribution 
 The primary aim of this investigation is to update the taxonomy of the genus Paeonia L.,1753 (Paeoniaceae) in Iraq based on morphological characteristics, anatomical features, ecological notes, and geographic distribution using, geographic information systems (GIS). The results showed that the genus in Iraq contains only one subspecies, P. mascula subsp. mascula (L.) Mill.,1768 a perennial herbs less than 80 cm tall with ascending, cylindrical, glabrous stems, showy flowers, and underground carrot-shaped tuber roots. Anatomical analysis reveals anomocytic stomata with an elliptical or rectangular apparatus, a hypostomatic leaf, a stomatal index of 26.2%, and a stomatal density of 51 per mm2. A cross-section of the leaf blade and midrib shows a bifacial leaf, and the internal leaf blade has a single, sizable, crescent-shaped vascular bundle. The cross-sections of the stem are circular, with many regular vascular bundles, and lack unicellular trichomes. Anticlinal wall patterns are strong and wavy, and the leaf epidermal cell shapes are irregular. Paeonies in Iraq inhabit only high-elevation highlands, thriving in rocky, limestone humus soils on the northern slopes of mountains within open oak forests. Geographic distribution and GIS analysis show the paeony plants grow are found only in two mountainous districts (Amadiya and Rowandouz). For the first time, this investigation in has Iraq documented six more places within the first district and two locations in the latter district. This investigation may lead to a taxonomic key for the wild paeony plants and provide a new perspective on Iraqi peony flora.

Separation and purification of PNS from Sanqi extract by a rosin-based polymer microsphere

2025-06-19
Zhenfang Zeng , Wei Wei , Wen Li +5 more | Colloid & Polymer Science

Protective effect of Salvianolic acid B against atherosclerosis: a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis

2025-06-18
Xing Ji , Kai‐Lin Huang , Aimei Lu +2 more | Frontiers in Pharmacology
Background Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease, with high morbidity and mortality rates globally. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), the most active and abundant component of the 
 Background Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease, with high morbidity and mortality rates globally. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), the most active and abundant component of the water-soluble extract of the traditional Chinese medicine Danshen, has been demonstrated to exert atheroprotective effects; nonetheless, its protective potential remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the preclinical efficacy of Sal B in the treatment of atherosclerosis and summarize the relevant mechanisms of action to provide evidence for its use in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Methods A systematic search was conducted across eight databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, etc., for studies related to Sal B in animal models of atherosclerosis, published from the inception of these databases up to November 2024. Parameters such as atherosclerotic lesion area, lipid deposition, plaque size, lipid metabolism, and changes in inflammatory markers were used to assess the extent of the atherosclerotic lesions. The SYRCLE risk-of-bias tool was used to determine methodological quality. Data were analyzed using the STATA software. Time-dose effect analysis was performed to explore the relationship between Sal B and atherosclerosis. Results Eleven studies involving 275 animals were analyzed. The results of these studies indicate that Sal B has a significant positive impact on various indicators of atherosclerosis. A meta-analysis of preclinical studies showed that Sal B reduced atherosclerotic lesion area ( P &amp;lt; 0.05), lipid deposition ( P &amp;lt; 0.05) and plaque size ( P &amp;lt; 0.05), lipid levels (TC, TG, LDL) ( P &amp;lt; 0.05) and inflammatory responses (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ÎČ) ( P &amp;lt; 0.05), as well as inhibiting phosphorylation of NF-ÎșB and IÎșB proteins ( P &amp;lt; 0.05). Time-dose interval analyses showed that Sal B was relatively effective at doses ranging from 2 to 100 mg/kg, with an intervention period of 4–14 weeks, administered either via gavage or intraperitoneal injection. Conclusion Our findings suggest that Sal B effectively delays the progression of atherosclerosis and represents a promising anti-atherosclerotic drug candidate. Further studies are required to translate these promising preclinical findings into the clinical treatment of atherosclerosis.

The hydrogenation metabolism process of rosmarinic acid by microbial enzymes in chickens

2025-06-18
Xuedong Ding , Jing Wang , Weiyun Zhu | Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
Abstract BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the metabolism of rosmarinic acid (RA) through converting RA to caffeic acid (CA), danshensu (DSS), and m ‐coumaric acid. However, 
 Abstract BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the metabolism of rosmarinic acid (RA) through converting RA to caffeic acid (CA), danshensu (DSS), and m ‐coumaric acid. However, the gut environment and microbiota may have complicated metabolic converting RA processes. This study aimed to investigate the metabolism of RA in gastrointestinal tract of chickens through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and metagenomic analysis. RESULTS Through in vivo and in vitro studies, RA was found to be hydrogenated into dihydrorosmarinic acid, then hydrolyzed into DSS and dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA). DSS and DHCA could be further converted to 3‐hydroxyphenylpropionic acid. But RA remained stable in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, as well as in the cecum of antibiotic‐treated chickens. This indicated that the degradation of RA was mainly mediated by cecal microbiota. Furthermore, the metagenomic analysis of cecal microbiota revealed that reductases and hydrolases from Clostridium spp., Alistipes spp., and other microbiota were involved in these processes. NADH:flavin oxidoreductase and 3‐oxoacyl‐[acyl‐carrier‐protein] reductase participated in the hydrogenation reaction of RA, and BaiCD involved in dehydroxylation reaction of RA. CONCLUSION The hydrogenation process by microbial enzymes was an important metabolic pathway of RA. These hydrogenation products contribute to improving the biological function of RA. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis and Multicomponent Quantitative Analysis for Quality Evaluation of Astragalus Radix

2025-06-17
Rulan Jiang , Jieyu Lei , Huimin Wu +3 more | Food Analytical Methods

Neuroprotective Effect of Salvianolic Acid C in Neonatal Rats Following Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Damage

2025-06-16
Chunfang Dai , Xiaohuan Li , Zhifang Dong +5 more | Molecular Neurobiology

Tanshinone IIA modulates Sirt5 and Metll3 interaction to govern mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response in coronary microvascular injury

2025-06-16
Xiangyi Pu , Qiaomin Wu , Zhaoqi Yan +7 more | Phytomedicine

Comprehensive quality assessment of Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre granules by fingerprinting technology combined with multi-component quantitative methods

2025-06-16
Liping Zhao , Xiangfei Sun , Hui Yan +1 more | Journal of Chromatography A

Phytochemical composition and biological activities of extracts from <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> arieal parts

2025-06-15
Mohamed El Amine Smaali , Fadila Khaldi , M.T. Bouafia +7 more | International Journal of Food Properties

Tanshinone IIA Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury by reducing VEGFR2/PI3K/AKT-Driven Mitochondrial disruption dependent Apoptosis

2025-06-14
Delida Aidebaike , Hailong Gong , Yun Xia +7 more | Phytomedicine

The combination of Astragali Radix and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma in the treatment of ultraviolet skin damage by regulating the PI3K-AKT pathway

2025-06-13
Jianxing He , Jenn-Wei Lin , Dongmei Sun +6 more | Traditional Medicine Research

Efficacy and safety of Danhong injection on inflammatory factors and vascular endothelial function in patients with unstable angina pectoris: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

2025-06-13
Zunqi Kan , Wenli Yan , Cong Chen +2 more | Frontiers in Pharmacology
Background Inflammatory factors and vascular endothelial damage are significantly involved in the development of unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Danhong injection (DHI) is a compound injection composed of Salvia miltiorrhiza and 
 Background Inflammatory factors and vascular endothelial damage are significantly involved in the development of unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Danhong injection (DHI) is a compound injection composed of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius extracts. Several clinical studies have demonstrated DHI’s efficacy for treating UAP, with potential pharmacological effects on inflammatory factors and vascular endothelial function. However, to date, the current evidence has not been systematically summarized and analyzed. Purpose This study provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent clinical findings and systematically analyzes the impact of DHI on inflammatory factors and vascular endothelial function among individuals diagnosed with UAP. Methods We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted until January 2023 from two clinical trial registries and eight literature databases. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 was utilized to assess the potential bias in the included trials, while the GRADE system was employed to evaluate the outcome quality. Results We included 46 trials involving 4,601 patients with UAP. The meta-analysis results suggested that DHI significantly reduced the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (standard mean difference [SMD] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-1.77, −0.90], P &amp;lt; 0.00001), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (SMD = −0.84, 95% CI [-1.54, −0.15], P = 0.02), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (SMD = −1.05, 95% CI [-1.86, −0.25], P = 0.01), endothelin/endothelin-1 (ET/ET-1) (SMD = −2.01, 95% CI [-2.57, −1.46], P &amp;lt; 0.00001), and homocysteine (Hcy) (SMD = −0.55, 95% CI [-0.71, −0.39], P &amp;lt; 0.00001) but increased the nitric oxide (NO) level (SMD = 1.51, 95% CI [1.04, 1.97], P &amp;lt; 0.00001) in patients with UAP. Twenty-one RCTs described adverse events. Conclusion DHI effectively and safely reduced hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, ET/ET-1, and Hcy levels and increased the NO level in patients with UAP. However, considering the overall low quality of the original studies, future large-scale, high-quality RCTs are imperative to provide robust evidence for clinical practice. Systematic Review Registration identifier CRD42023391497.

Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pills regulates SOD/TNF-α/IL-6 pathway to inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress to improve myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice

2025-06-12
Wenfang Du , Chenguang Zhai , Huijie Zhang +6 more | Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
Introduction Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pills (STDP), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is clinically used for cardiovascular diseases like myocardial ischemia. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), worsened by oxidative stress and inflammation, 
 Introduction Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pills (STDP), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is clinically used for cardiovascular diseases like myocardial ischemia. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), worsened by oxidative stress and inflammation, remains a significant problem, and the mechanisms underlying STDP's cardioprotection are incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate STDP's effects on the SOD/TNF-α/IL-6 pathway and its impact on inflammation and oxidative stress in MIRI. Methods A mouse model of MIRI was employed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects and mechanisms of STDP in vivo . Pretreatment with STDP was administered prior to MIRI induction. Assessments included serum SOD activity, cardiac tissue ROS levels, cardiomyocyte apoptosis rates (TUNEL assay), mRNA and protein expression of IL-1ÎČ, TNF-α, and IL-6 (qPCR, Western blot), histopathological evaluation of myocardial tissue morphology and inflammatory infiltration (H&amp;amp;E staining), myocardial infarction size (TTC staining), and cardiac function parameters (contractility, diastolic function). Results STDP pretreatment significantly enhanced serum SOD activity and reduced cardiac ROS levels and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. It effectively downregulated mRNA and protein expression of IL-1ÎČ, TNF-α, and IL-6. Histopathology revealed reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and more intact cardiomyocyte morphology in STDP-treated groups. TTC staining confirmed a reduction in myocardial infarction size. Cardiac function assessments showed STDP improved both contractility and diastolic function post-MIRI and reduced arrhythmia incidence. Discussion STDP ameliorates MIRI in mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, primarily through modulation of the SOD/TNF-α/IL-6 pathway. Its cardioprotective effects include reducing apoptosis, inflammation, ROS, infarction size, and arrhythmias, while improving cardiac function and tissue repair. These findings elucidate a key mechanism for STDP and provide empirical support for its clinical use in MIRI, offering innovative perspectives for managing cardiovascular disorders with TCM and facilitating the integration of traditional and modern medicine.

UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS‐Based Serum Metabolomics Explores the Mechanism of Pingwei Powder in Treating the Damp Retention in the Middle‐Jiao Syndrome

2025-06-11
Na Li , Tiequan Zhu , Ying Dong +6 more | Biomedical Chromatography
ABSTRACT Pingwei powder (PWP) was a classic prescription to treat damp retention in the middle‐jiao syndrome (DRMS) in clinic. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and functional mechanisms 
 ABSTRACT Pingwei powder (PWP) was a classic prescription to treat damp retention in the middle‐jiao syndrome (DRMS) in clinic. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and functional mechanisms of PWP in treating DRMS by analyzing the general characteristics, fecal morphology, clinical chemistry, histopathology, and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐quadrupole‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS)‐based serum metabolomics. The results indicated that PWP significantly improved the general morphological characteristics, fecal humidity, body weight, and gastrointestinal peristalsis function, as well as inflammation damage and edema in the small intestine, stomach, and kidney tissues of model rats. Additionally, the levels of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) in kidney tissue, aquaporin 3 (AQP3) in small intestine tissue, and AQP2 in urine were reduced, whereas the levels of motilin (MTL) in serum were increased. A total of 33 serum biomarkers was identified, of which 21 biomarkers were recalled after PWP administration, including LysoPC(O‐18:0), retinal, 9(10)‐EpOME, and so forth. Pathway analysis proved that the therapeutic effect of PWP on DRMS was mainly associated with primary bile acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, retinol metabolism, alpha‐linolenic acid metabolism, histidine metabolism, and so forth. This study utilized metabolomics, general biochemical indicators, and histopathological analysis to elucidate the potential mechanism of PWP treatment for DRMS.

Paeonol crystals from Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews: Extraction, isolation, and multifaceted functional evaluation

2025-06-02
Tongde Shen , Guisheng Zhang , M Qiao +5 more | Biochemical Systematics and Ecology

Comprehensive Profiling of Chemical Constituents and Metabolites of the <i>Angelica sinensis</i>–<i>Sophora flavescens</i> Herbal Pair in Plasma and Urine via UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS Coupled With Multi‐Platform Data Integration

2025-06-01
Lincheng Bai , Pengyi Chen , Jiaqi Xu +4 more | Journal of Separation Science
ABSTRACT The traditional Chinese Danggui–Kushen herbal pair (DKHP) has garnered widespread attention in the treatment of myocardial ischemia. However, the intricate nature of traditional Chinese medicine components and the ambiguity 
 ABSTRACT The traditional Chinese Danggui–Kushen herbal pair (DKHP) has garnered widespread attention in the treatment of myocardial ischemia. However, the intricate nature of traditional Chinese medicine components and the ambiguity in their constituent analyses have considerably impeded further clinical advancements. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the principal constituents of DKHP and its metabolic byproducts in the body. In this study, various mass spectrometry (MS) optimization software were used to analyze the chemical characteristics of Angelica sinensis –Sophora sophora (DKHP) and identify the chemical constituents entering rat serum and urine after oral gavage administration in rats. A total of 10 male Sprague–Dawley rats were used in this study. Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight MS was performed. Based on this, we developed a method to identify chemical constituents using UNIFI for the acquired MS data. Subsequently, MS‐DIAL was utilized to process the complex MS data, including peak detection, fitting, and alignment. A feature‐based molecular networking was constructed on the Global Natural Product Social molecular networking platform, establishing correlations for individual nodes, including common neutral losses and product ions, which serve as important tools for inferring unknown compounds. A multi‐stage intelligent data annotation strategy was developed. In addition, molecular simulations were performed using density functional theory to determine the plausibility of the compound cleavage reactions and further confirm the compound structures. Finally, molecular docking technology was employed to evaluate the binding affinity and identify potential active metabolites. DKHP analysis resulted in the identification or preliminary characterization of 109 chemical constituents, primarily flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acid compounds. In addition, 11 prototype products and 99 metabolites were detected in rat serum and urine.

Ten undescribed sesquiterpenoids isolated from the tuber of Alisma orientale

2025-06-01
Denghui Zhu , Jingke Zhang , Peng-Li Guo +4 more | Phytochemistry

<em>Astragali Radix</em>prevents hypertension in SHRs via suppressing inflammation and modulating serum metabolism: Integrated <em>in vivo</em> pharmacological validation, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and metabolomics

2025-06-01
Yue Yang , Ju Chen , Saifei Zhu +7 more | Deleted Journal

Effective SSR markers for assessing population structure, genetic diversity, and volatile compounds in Atractylodis Rhizoma

2025-06-01
Haotian Zhong , Lina Chen , Lei Chen +6 more | Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Integrated serum pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology and experimental verification to explore the mechanism of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix in the treatment of NASH

2025-06-01
Xiao-Zhong HUANG , Zhengxin Ding , Tianyan Feng +5 more | Fitoterapia

Tanshinone I alleviates post-ischemic myocardial injury by targeting TGFBR1 and modulating the TGF-ÎČ signaling pathway

2025-06-01
Linfang Ke , Ziyao Zheng , Shumin Ye +6 more | Phytomedicine