Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science

Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies

Works Count: 28159

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Description

This cluster of papers encompasses a wide range of topics related to forensic entomology, decomposition science, and the use of insects in estimating postmortem intervals. It covers areas such as Diptera colonization, microbial community assembly during corpse decomposition, maggot therapy, bacterial community succession, and the role of insects in carrion decomposition. The research also delves into the applications and limitations of forensic entomology in determining time of death.

Keywords

Forensic Entomology; Decomposition; Diptera Colonization; Postmortem Interval; Microbial Community; Maggot Therapy; Bacterial Community Succession; Carrion Decomposition; Insect Succession; Entomological Evidence

Decomposition of Buried Bodies and Methods That May Aid in Their Location

1985-07-01

WC Rodriguez , WM Bass

This is the second report on an ongoing study conducted to collect data on the decompositional rates of human cadavers and the first on buried cadavers. Six unembalmed human cadavers … This is the second report on an ongoing study conducted to collect data on the decompositional rates of human cadavers and the first on buried cadavers. Six unembalmed human cadavers were buried separately in unlined trenches of various depths and allowed to naturally decompose for a time period ranging from a month to a year. During the period of burial, data were collected daily on the air, soil, and cadaver temperature at each burial site. At the end of each specified burial period the cadavers were exhumed and examined for the degree of decomposition which had taken place as well as changes in the soil pH, surface vegetation, and carrion insect activity. Analysis of the data shows that the decomposition rate of buried cadavers is highly dependent on the depth of burial and environmental temperatures. The depth at which the cadaver was buried also directly affected the degree of soil and vegetational changes as well as access by carrion insects. Application of this information can contribute to a more accurate estimation of time since death of a buried corpse and may aid in the location of such corpses.

Minimum and Maximum Development Rates of Some Forensically Important Calliphoridae (Diptera)

2000-07-01

GS Anderson

Blow fly development rates are frequently used to estimate elapsed time since death in homicide investigations in the first few weeks after death. However, in order to make more precise … Blow fly development rates are frequently used to estimate elapsed time since death in homicide investigations in the first few weeks after death. However, in order to make more precise estimates of time since death, accurate developmental data must be generated for all carrion species, and at temperatures that are comparable with those found at crime scenes. This paper presents developmental rates determined for five forensically important species in British Columbia, Phormia regina (Meigen), Phaenicia sericata (Meigen), Eucalliphora latifrons (Hough), Lucilia illustris (Meigen), and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, at several temperatures.

Decomposition Chemistry of Human Remains: A New Methodology for Determining the Postmortem Interval

2002-05-01

A.A. Vass , Stacy‐Ann Barshick , G Sega +4 more

Abstract This study was conducted to characterize the chemistry associated with the decomposition of human remains with the objective of identifying time-dependent biomarkers of decomposition. The purpose of this work … Abstract This study was conducted to characterize the chemistry associated with the decomposition of human remains with the objective of identifying time-dependent biomarkers of decomposition. The purpose of this work was to develop an accurate and precise method for measuring the postmortem interval (PMI) of human remains. Eighteen subjects were placed within a decay research facility throughout a four-year time period and allowed to decompose naturally. Field autopsies were performed and tissue samples were regularly collected until the tissues decomposed to the point where they were no longer recognizable (encompassing a cumulative degree hour (CDH) range of approximately 1000 (3 weeks)). Analysis of the biomarkers (amino acids, neurotransmitters, and decompositional by-products) in various organs (liver, kidney, heart, brain, muscle) revealed distinct patterns useful for determining the PMI when based on CDHs. Proper use of the methods described herein allow for PMIs so accurate that the estimate is limited by the ability to obtain correct temperature data at a crime scene rather than sample variability.

Time Since Death and Decomposition of the Human Body: Variables and Observations in Case and Experimental Field Studies

1990-01-01

RW Mann , WM Bass , Lucien Darjeun Meadows

Abstract Much of the difficulty in determining the time since death stems from the lack of systematic observation and research on the decomposition rate of the human body. Continuing studies … Abstract Much of the difficulty in determining the time since death stems from the lack of systematic observation and research on the decomposition rate of the human body. Continuing studies conducted at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, provide useful information on the impact of carrion insect activity, ambient temperature, rainfall, clothing, burial and depth, carnivores, bodily trauma, body weight, and the surface with which the body is in contact. This paper reports findings and observations accumulated during eight years of research and case studies that may clarify some of the questions concerning bodily decay.

Myiasis of Humans and Domestic Animals

1995-01-01

M. J. R. Hall , Richard Wall

Initial Studies on Insect Succession on Carrion in Southwestern British Columbia

1996-07-01

GS Anderson , SL VanLaerhoven

Abstract This is the first report of an ongoing study of insect succession on carrion in British Columbia. Pig (Sus scrofa L.) carcasses were used as human models to determine … Abstract This is the first report of an ongoing study of insect succession on carrion in British Columbia. Pig (Sus scrofa L.) carcasses were used as human models to determine insect succession on carrion over time in an open, sunlit, rural area in summer in southwestern British Columbia, in order to begin a database of insect colonization of carrion in this province. Insects colonized the remains in sequence over 271 days postmortem. Some species, in particular, those in the Piophilidae and Dermestidae families, were collected earlier in the decomposition process than usually reported from other regions, probably indicating geographic variation in colonization times. Maggot activity raised internal carcass temperature, but minimum and maximum internal temperatures fluctuated more than ambient temperatures, with diel internal temperature differences of more than 35°C. Soil fauna also showed considerable changes in identity and number of species, and had not returned to pre-carcass levels 271 days postmortem.

Biology and control of tabanids, stable flies and horn flies

1994-12-01

Lane D. Foil , Jerome A. Hogsette

Tabanids are among the most free-living adult flies which play a role as livestock pests. A single blood meal is used as a source of energy for egg production (100-1,000 … Tabanids are among the most free-living adult flies which play a role as livestock pests. A single blood meal is used as a source of energy for egg production (100-1,000 eggs per meal), and females of certain species can oviposit before a blood meal is obtained (autogeny). Therefore, the maintenance of annual populations requires successful oviposition by only 2% of females. Wild animal blood sources are usually available to maintain annual tabanid populations. Larval habitats are also independent of domestic livestock. Thus, the use of repellents or partial repellents is the only effective chemical strategy to reduce the incidence of tabanids on livestock. Permanent traps (and possibly treated silhouette traps) can be employed to intercept flies. Selective grazing or confinement can also reduce the impact of tabanids. Stable fly adults are dependent on vertebrate blood for survival and reproduction, but the amount of time spent in contact with the host is relatively small. Stable fly larvae develop in manure, spilled feed and decaying vegetation. Management of larval habitats by sanitation is the key to stable fly control. Treatment of animals with residual insecticides can aid in control; thorough application to the lower body parts of livestock is important. Proper use of modified traps, using either treated targets or solar-powered electrocution grids, can be effective in reducing stable fly populations. Adult horn flies spend the major part of their time on the host, and the larvae are confined to bovid manure. Therefore, almost any form of topical insecticide application for livestock is effective against horn flies, in the absence of insecticide resistance. Treatments should be applied when economic benefit is possible; economic gains are associated with increased weaning weights and weight gains of yearling and growing cattle. Oral chemical treatments (insect growth regulators or insecticides) administered at appropriate rates via bolus, water, food or mineral mixtures can inhibit horn fly larval development. However, adult horn fly movement among cattle herds limits the use of larval control for horn fly population management. The augmentation of native parasites, predators and competitors has been attempted and even promoted for horn fly and stable fly control, but evidence for the success of such programmes is equivocal.

Midges: Chironomidae and Related Diptera

2001-01-01

Ian R. Walker

Review of human decomposition processes in soil

2004-01-29

Boyd B. Dent , Shari L. Forbes , Barbara H. Stuart

Medicolegal relevance of cadaver entomofauna for the determination of the time of death

2001-08-01

Mikhail Marchenko

Flies as Forensic Indicators

1991-09-01

Bernard Greenberg

Journal Article Flies as Forensic Indicators Get access Bernard Greenberg Bernard Greenberg Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60680 Search for other works by this … Journal Article Flies as Forensic Indicators Get access Bernard Greenberg Bernard Greenberg Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60680 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 28, Issue 5, 1 September 1991, Pages 565–577, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/28.5.565 Published: 01 September 1991 Article history Received: 06 March 1991 Accepted: 02 April 1991 Published: 01 September 1991

Using Accumulated Degree-Days to Estimate the Postmortem Interval from Decomposed Human Remains

2005-03-29

Mary S. Megyesi , SP Nawrocki , NH Haskell

Forensic anthropologists often rely on the state of decomposition to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) in a human remains case. The state of decomposition can provide much information about the … Forensic anthropologists often rely on the state of decomposition to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) in a human remains case. The state of decomposition can provide much information about the PMI, especially when decomposition is treated as a semi-continuous variable and used in conjunction with accumulated-degree-days (ADD). This preliminary study demonstrates a supplemental method of determining the PMI based on scoring decomposition using a point-based system and taking into account temperatures in which the remains were exposed. This project was designed to examine the ways that forensic anthropologists could improve their PMI estimates based on decomposition by using a more quantitative approach. A total of 68 human remains cases with a known date of death were scored for decomposition and a regression equation was calculated to predict ADD from decomposition score. ADD accounts for approximately 80% of the variation in decomposition. This study indicates that decomposition is best modeled as dependent on accumulated temperature, not just time.

Forensic entomology: applications and limitations

2011-01-06

Jens Amendt , C. S. Richards , Carlo Pietro Campobasso +2 more

Cadaver decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems

2006-11-07

David Carter , David Yellowlees , Mark Tibbett

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The Self-Adjustment of Populations to Change

1957-01-01

Alice Nicholson

To demonstrate how populations may accommodate themselves to changed conditions, and so maintain themselves in being, I shall devote much of this address to discussing the results of laboratory experiments … To demonstrate how populations may accommodate themselves to changed conditions, and so maintain themselves in being, I shall devote much of this address to discussing the results of laboratory experiments with the Australian sheep-blowfly, Lucilia cuprina Wied. It is true that the particular mechanisms of adjustment revealed are replaced by other mechanisms in many natural populations, but this would be equally true were any other kind of animal studied, whether in the laboratory or in the field. The fact that results obtained with laboratory populations can seldom be regarded as directly applicable to field populations in general is due to the existence of at least a dozen major systems of population regulation, and to the great diversity of influences which cause each population to present a somewhat different problem from all others. However, abundant evidence is provided by both field and laboratory studies showing that the populations of many...

Interpreting results of ethanol analysis in postmortem specimens: A review of the literature

2006-06-20

Fredrik C. Kugelberg , Alan Wayne Jones

A manual of forensic entomology

1987-01-01

Y.Z. Erzinçlioğlu

The Use of Ecological Terms in Parasitology (Report of an Ad Hoc Committee of the American Society of Parasitologists)

1982-02-01

Leo Margolis , G. W. Esch , John C. Holmes +2 more

The potential use of bacterial community succession in forensics as described by high throughput metagenomic sequencing

2013-06-09

Jennifer L. Pechal , Tawni L. Crippen , M. Eric Benbow +3 more

Best practice in forensic entomology—standards and guidelines

2006-04-21

Jens Amendt , Carlo Pietro Campobasso , Emmanuel Gaudry +3 more

A checklist of arthropods associated with pig carrion and human corpses in Southeastern Brazil

2000-01-01

LML Carvalho , PJ Thyssen , AX Linhares +1 more

Necrophagous insects, mainly Diptera and Coleoptera, are attracted to specific stages of carcass decomposition, in a process of faunistic succession. They are very important in estimating the postmortem interval, the … Necrophagous insects, mainly Diptera and Coleoptera, are attracted to specific stages of carcass decomposition, in a process of faunistic succession. They are very important in estimating the postmortem interval, the time interval between the death and the discovery of the body. In studies done with pig carcasses exposed to natural conditions in an urban forest (Santa Genebra Reservation), located in Campinas, State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, 4 out of 36 families of insects collected - Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae (Diptera) and Dermestidae (Coleoptera) - were considered of forensic importance, because several species were collected in large numbers both visiting and breeding in pig carcasses. Several species were also observed and collected on human corpses at the Institute of Legal Medicine. The species belonged to 17 different families, 6 being of forensic importance because they were reared from human corpses or pig carcasses: Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae, Piophilidae (Diptera), Dermestidae, Silphidae and Cleridae (Coleoptera). The most important species were: Diptera - Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya putoria, Hemilucilia segmentaria, Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Calliphoridae), Pattonella intermutans (Sarcophagidae), Ophyra chalcogaster (Muscidae), Piophila casei (Piophilidae); Coleoptera - Dermestes maculatus (Dermestidae), Oxyletrum disciolle (Silphidae) and Necrobia rufipes (Cleridae).

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Medicinal Maggots: An Ancient Remedy for Some Contemporary Afflictions

2000-01-01

Ronald A. Sherman , M. J. R. Hall , S. Thomas

▪ Abstract Certain fly larvae can infest corpses or the wounds of live hosts. Those which are least invasive on live hosts have been used therapeutically, to remove dead tissue … ▪ Abstract Certain fly larvae can infest corpses or the wounds of live hosts. Those which are least invasive on live hosts have been used therapeutically, to remove dead tissue from wounds, and promote healing. This medicinal use of maggots is increasing around the world, due to its efficacy, safety and simplicity. Given our low cultural esteem for maggots, the increasing use and popularity of maggot therapy is evidence of its utility. Maggot therapy has successfully treated many types of chronic wounds, but much clinical and basic research is needed still. In this review, the biology of myiasis and the history of maggot therapy are presented, the current status of our understanding and clinical use of medicinal maggots is discussed, and opportunities for future research and applications are proposed.

Key to the adults of the most common forensic species of Diptera in South America

2008-09-01

Cláudio José Barros de Carvalho , Cátia Antunes de Mello-Patiu

Flies (Diptera, blow flies, house flies, flesh flies, horse flies, cattle flies, deer flies, midges and mosquitoes) are among the four megadiverse insect orders. Several species quickly colonize human cadavers … Flies (Diptera, blow flies, house flies, flesh flies, horse flies, cattle flies, deer flies, midges and mosquitoes) are among the four megadiverse insect orders. Several species quickly colonize human cadavers and are potentially useful in forensic studies. One of the major problems with carrion fly identification is the lack of taxonomists or available keys that can identify even the most common species sometimes resulting in erroneous identification. Here we present a key to the adults of 12 families of Diptera whose species are found on carrion, including human corpses. Also, a summary for the most common families of forensic importance in South America, along with a key to the most common species of Calliphoridae, Muscidae, and Fanniidae and to the genera of Sarcophagidae are provided. Drawings of the most important characters for identification are also included.

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A Roadmap for Bridging Basic and Applied Research in Forensic Entomology

2010-12-06

Jeffery K. Tomberlin , Rachel Mohr , M. Eric Benbow +2 more

The National Research Council issued a report in 2009 that heavily criticized the forensic sciences. The report made several recommendations that if addressed would allow the forensic sciences to develop … The National Research Council issued a report in 2009 that heavily criticized the forensic sciences. The report made several recommendations that if addressed would allow the forensic sciences to develop a stronger scientific foundation. We suggest a roadmap for decomposition ecology and forensic entomology hinging on a framework built on basic research concepts in ecology, evolution, and genetics. Unifying both basic and applied research fields under a common umbrella of terminology and structure would facilitate communication in the field and the production of scientific results. It would also help to identify novel research areas leading to a better understanding of principal underpinnings governing ecosystem structure, function, and evolution while increasing the accuracy of and ability to interpret entomological evidence collected from crime scenes. By following the proposed roadmap, a bridge can be built between basic and applied decomposition ecology research, culminating in science that could withstand the rigors of emerging legal and cultural expectations.

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Maggot Therapy for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers Unresponsive to Conventional Therapy

2003-02-01

Ronald A. Sherman

OBJECTIVE—To assess the efficacy of maggot therapy for treating foot and leg ulcers in diabetic patients failing conventional therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Retrospective comparison of changes in necrotic and total … OBJECTIVE—To assess the efficacy of maggot therapy for treating foot and leg ulcers in diabetic patients failing conventional therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Retrospective comparison of changes in necrotic and total surface area of chronic wounds treated with either maggot therapy or standard (control) surgical or nonsurgical therapy. RESULTS—In this cohort of 18 patients with 20 nonhealing ulcers, six wounds were treated with conventional therapy, six with maggot therapy, and eight with conventional therapy first, then maggot therapy. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated no significant change in necrotic tissue, except when factoring for treatment (F [1.7, 34] = 5.27, P = 0.013). During the first 14 days of conventional therapy, there was no significant debridement of necrotic tissue; during the same period with maggot therapy, necrotic tissue decreased by an average of 4.1 cm2 (P = 0.02). After 5 weeks of therapy, conventionally treated wounds were still covered with necrotic tissue over 33% of their surface, whereas after only 4 weeks of therapy maggot-treated wounds were completely debrided (P = 0.001). Maggot therapy was also associated with hastened growth of granulation tissue and greater wound healing rates. CONCLUSIONS—Maggot therapy was more effective and efficient in debriding nonhealing foot and leg ulcers in male diabetic veterans than was continued conventional care.

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Effect of temperature on Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) development with special reference to the isomegalen- and isomorphen-diagram

2001-08-01

Martin Grassberger , Christian Reiter

Forensic Entomology in Criminal Investigations

1992-01-01

E. P. Catts , M. Lee Goff

With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species … With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in ...Read More

A microbial clock provides an accurate estimate of the postmortem interval in a mouse model system

2013-09-23

Jessica L. Metcalf , Laura Wegener Parfrey , Antônio Paz González +7 more

Establishing the time since death is critical in every death investigation, yet existing techniques are susceptible to a range of errors and biases. For example, forensic entomology is widely used … Establishing the time since death is critical in every death investigation, yet existing techniques are susceptible to a range of errors and biases. For example, forensic entomology is widely used to assess the postmortem interval (PMI), but errors can range from days to months. Microbes may provide a novel method for estimating PMI that avoids many of these limitations. Here we show that postmortem microbial community changes are dramatic, measurable, and repeatable in a mouse model system, allowing PMI to be estimated within approximately 3 days over 48 days. Our results provide a detailed understanding of bacterial and microbial eukaryotic ecology within a decomposing corpse system and suggest that microbial community data can be developed into a forensic tool for estimating PMI. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01104.001.

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A Summer Carrion Study of the Baby Pig Sus Scrofa Linnaeus

1965-09-01

Jerry A. Payne

A carrion study of the baby pig, Sus scrofa Linnaeus, was conducted during the summers of 1962 and 1963 in a mixed mesophytic hardwood—pine community at Clemson, South Carolina. Six … A carrion study of the baby pig, Sus scrofa Linnaeus, was conducted during the summers of 1962 and 1963 in a mixed mesophytic hardwood—pine community at Clemson, South Carolina. Six stages of decomposition were delimited for carrion exposed to arthropods: fresh, bloated, active decay, advanced decay, dry, and remains. Five stages were recognized for carrion protected from arthropods: fresh, bloating and decomposition, flaccidity and dehydration, mummy, and desiccation and disintegration. Carrion free of insects decomposed and dried very slowly, retaining its form for many months, while 90% of the carrion open to insects was removed in 6 days. Carrion temperature during the bloated through advanced decay stages differed widely from that of air or soil. A definite ecological succession occurred among the fauna of carrion. Each stage of decay was characterized by a particular group of arthropods, each of which occupied a particular niche. Their activities were influenced by physical properties of carrion, rapidity of putrefaction, time of day, and weather. A total and 522 species representing 3 phyla, 9 classes, 31 orders, 151 families, and 359 genera were collected from decomposing pigs. Four orders of arthropods (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Araneida) accounted for 78% of the carrion fauna. Two coleopterous families, Histeridae and Staphylinidae and three dipterous families, Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, and Muscidae, represented 26% of the fauna.

Factors affecting decomposition and Diptera colonization

2001-08-01

Carlo Pietro Campobasso , Giancarlo Di Vella , Francesco Introna

Initial Study of Arthropod Succession on Pig Carrion in a Central European Urban Habitat

2004-05-01

Martin Grassberger , C Frank

We conducted a carrion succession study within a restricted urban backyard in the city of Vienna, Austria (16 degrees 22'E, 48 degrees 12'N) from May to November 2001 to analyze … We conducted a carrion succession study within a restricted urban backyard in the city of Vienna, Austria (16 degrees 22'E, 48 degrees 12'N) from May to November 2001 to analyze sequence and composition of the local carrion visiting fauna. Two medium sized clothed domestic pig carcasses (Sus scrofa Linnaeus), were used as surrogate human models. In total, 42 arthropod species from the families Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Sepsidae, Piophilidae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Sphaeroceridae, Phoridae, Drosophilidae, Anthomyiidae, and Lauxaniidae (Diptera), Formicidae, Braconidae, Pteromalidae, and Vespidae (Hymenoptera), Silphidae, Staphylinidae, Histeridae, Cleridae, and Dermestidae (Coleoptera), as well as species from the orders Isopoda and Acari were collected during the decomposition of these carcasses. A significant feature in this study was the high abundance of Calliphora vomitoria (L.) and Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann). In the experiment conducted May to June, larvae and adults of C. vomitoria outnumbered all other blow fly species, followed by Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy), C. vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, and Lucilia sericata (Meigen). C. vomitoria is generally considered to be rural in distribution, where it prefers shaded locations. The presence of this species in rural as well as in urban habitats in Austria precludes this species as biogeographic indicator. In the study beginning in August large numbers of female adults of the nonindigeous blow fly C. albiceps began oviposition at day 3 after placement of the cadaver. The predatory second and third instars of C. albiceps larvae subsequently almost monopolized the cadaver. C. albiceps is generally described as tropical and subtropical species. The observed northward expansion of its range beyond southern Europe obviously decreases the value of C. albiceps in estimating place of death, in that it is no longer exclusive to southern regions. Our results clearly show, that caution must be used when drawing conclusions from succession data generated in different geographic areas. Moreover, this study demonstrates, that arthropod mediated decomposition of a 44 kg exposed pig carcass in a central European urban habitat can be completed within 3 wk.

Microbial community assembly and metabolic function during mammalian corpse decomposition

2015-12-13

Jessica L. Metcalf , Zhenjiang Zech Xu , Sophie Weiss +7 more

Vertebrate corpse decomposition provides an important stage in nutrient cycling in most terrestrial habitats, yet microbially mediated processes are poorly understood. Here we combine deep microbial community characterization, community-level metabolic … Vertebrate corpse decomposition provides an important stage in nutrient cycling in most terrestrial habitats, yet microbially mediated processes are poorly understood. Here we combine deep microbial community characterization, community-level metabolic reconstruction, and soil biogeochemical assessment to understand the principles governing microbial community assembly during decomposition of mouse and human corpses on different soil substrates. We find a suite of bacterial and fungal groups that contribute to nitrogen cycling and a reproducible network of decomposers that emerge on predictable time scales. Our results show that this decomposer community is derived primarily from bulk soil, but key decomposers are ubiquitous in low abundance. Soil type was not a dominant factor driving community development, and the process of decomposition is sufficiently reproducible to offer new opportunities for forensic investigations.

Forensic Entomology: An Introduction

2009-08-28

Leon G. Higley , Timothy E. Huntington

Dorothy E. Gennard. Forensic Entomology: An IntroductionJohn Wiley and Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom, 2007224 pp., $55.00 (soft), ISBN: 978-0-470-01479-0 As forensic entomologists, we constantly hear claims that student interest in … Dorothy E. Gennard. Forensic Entomology: An IntroductionJohn Wiley and Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom, 2007224 pp., $55.00 (soft), ISBN: 978-0-470-01479-0 As forensic entomologists, we constantly hear claims that student interest in forensic science is a passing fad. However, a close inspection of past and future needs soon shows that the demand for more and better qualified forensic scientists has been strong and continues to grow. In much the same way, readers sometimes make a cursory scan of a book and dismiss it as light weight or superficial. We made that mistake with Forensic Entomology: An Introduction —we didn’t expect the book to amount to much, but the more we read, the more we found to value. As we have learned yet again, whereas you can judge a blow fly by its puparium, you can’t judge a booklouse by its exoskeleton. Forensic Entomology: An Introduction is not a reference or a manual; it is an introductory undergraduate text. Actually, it could even serve as a supplemental text in some graduate courses …

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MYIASIS IN MAN AND ANIMALS IN THE OLD WORLD

1967-01-01

Robert D. Shuman

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Myiasis

2012-01-01

Fábio Francesconi , Omar Lupi

SUMMARY Myiasis is defined as the infestation of live vertebrates (humans and/or animals) with dipterous larvae. In mammals (including humans), dipterous larvae can feed on the host's living or dead … SUMMARY Myiasis is defined as the infestation of live vertebrates (humans and/or animals) with dipterous larvae. In mammals (including humans), dipterous larvae can feed on the host's living or dead tissue, liquid body substance, or ingested food and cause a broad range of infestations depending on the body location and the relationship of the larvae with the host. In this review, we deeply discuss myiasis as a worldwide infestation with different agents and with its broad scenario of clinical manifestations as well as diagnosis techniques and treatment.

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Forensic entomology

2004-01-24

Jens Amendt , Roman Krettek , Richard Zehner

Time Since Death Determinations of Human Cadavers Using Soil Solution

1992-09-01

A.A. Vass , WM Bass , Jeffrey D. Wolt +2 more

This study was conducted to collect data on specific volatile fatty acids (produced from soft tissue decomposition) and various anions and cations (liberated from soft tissue and bone), deposited in … This study was conducted to collect data on specific volatile fatty acids (produced from soft tissue decomposition) and various anions and cations (liberated from soft tissue and bone), deposited in soil solution underneath decomposing human cadavers as an aid in determining the "time since death." Seven nude subjects (two black males, a white female and four white males) were placed within a decay research facility at various times of the year and allowed to decompose naturally. Data were amassed every three days in the spring and summer, and weekly in the fall and winter. Analyses of the data reveal distinct patterns in the soil solution for volatile fatty acids during soft tissue decomposition and for specific anions and cations once skeletonized, when based on accumulated degree days. Decompositional rates were also obtained, providing valuable information for estimating the "maximum time since death." Melanin concentrations observed in soil solution during this study also yields information directed at discerning racial affinities. Application of these data can significantly enhance "time since death" determinations currently in use.

Insect Activity and its Relationship to Decay Rates of Human Cadavers in East Tennessee

1983-04-01

WC Rodriguez , WM Bass

Abstract This is the first report on an ongoing study conducted to collect data on the specific insects that are found in association with decaying human cadavers. Four nude unembalmed … Abstract This is the first report on an ongoing study conducted to collect data on the specific insects that are found in association with decaying human cadavers. Four nude unembalmed human cadavers were each placed, at various times of the year, within a decay research facility located in open wooded area. Data were collected daily throughout the entire decay cycle on the various insect populations that frequented each cadaver. Analysis of the data shows that there is a direct correlation between the rate of decay and the succession of insect families and species found in association with a decaying cadaver. Application of this entomological information can contribute to a more accurate estimation of “time since death” of an individual.

Decay Rates of Human Remains in an Arid Environment

1989-05-01

Alison Galloway , Walter H. Birkby , AM Jones +2 more

Abstract The environment of southern Arizona with mild winters and hot, dry summers produces great variability in decay rates of human remains. Summer temperatures, which range well over 38°C (100°F), … Abstract The environment of southern Arizona with mild winters and hot, dry summers produces great variability in decay rates of human remains. Summer temperatures, which range well over 38°C (100°F), induce rapid bloating as a result of the accumulation of decompositional gases. However, in certain circumstances, the aridity can lead to extensive mummification, allowing preservation of remains for hundreds of years. A retrospective study of 189 cases, concentrating on remains found on the desert floor or in the surrounding mountains and on remains found within closed structures, outlines the time frame and sequences of the decay process. Remains can retain a fresh appearance for a considerable time in the winter, but the onset of marked decomposition is rapid in the summer months. Bloating of the body usually is present two to seven days following death. Following this, within structures, there is frequently rapid decomposition and skeletonization. With outdoor exposure, remains are more likely to pass through a long period of dehydration of outer tissues, mummification, and reduction of desiccated tissue. Exposure of large portions of the skeleton usually does not occur until four to six months after death. Bleaching and exfoliation of bone—the beginning stages of destruction of the skeletal elements—begins at about nine months' exposure. Insect activity, including that of maggot and beetle varieties, may accelerate decomposition, but this process is greatly affected by location of the body, seasonal weather, and accessibility of the soft tissues. Carnivores and other scavengers also are contributing factors, as are clothing or covering of the body, substrate, elevation, and latitude.

Current Concepts in Forensic Entomology

2010-01-01

Jens Amendt , M. Lee Goff , Carlo Pietro Campobasso +1 more

The flies that cause myiasis in man /

1947-01-01

Maurice T. James

The genus Stasisia Surcouf_ The genus Lucilia Robineau-8 Desvoidy (including Phae-16 nicia Robineau-Desvoidy)-17 The genus Cynomyopsis 17 Mownsend i 2s i225) ek te 23 The genus Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy and_ ye-25 … The genus Stasisia Surcouf_ The genus Lucilia Robineau-8 Desvoidy (including Phae-16 nicia Robineau-Desvoidy)-17 The genus Cynomyopsis 17 Mownsend i 2s i225) ek te 23 The genus Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy and_ ye-25 isped peuers:.> 222 <> 25 Key to restricted genera and 28 SPO MIP Re eit ee a 30 | The family Gasterophilidae____ 31 The genus Gasterophilus 31 Fo: Re eae ee 34 | The family Cuterebridae_____-__ 39 Key ao penert 2 oo The genus Cuterebra Clark__ 35 The genus Dermatobia Braner seu a ae 41 The genus Cephenemyia eaters lpse ER As. 42 | The family Hypodermatidae____ 57 The genus Hypoderma La-58 pretiiece: cose 4 ae PA 61| The family Oestridae_________~_ Key to:penerm 9 2 66 The genus Vestrus Linnaeus_ The genus Rhinoestrus E405) Exedy 6 keel nee 66} The family Muscidae (including the Anthomyiidae)__________

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Maggot Mass Effect on the Development and Survival of Forensically Important Blow Flies

2025-06-25

Akomavo Fabrice Gbenonsi , Leon G. Higley | Insects

This study investigates how larval density and associated temperature changes affect the development and survival of two forensically essential blow fly species, Lucilia sericata and Calliphora vicina. Larvae colonies were … This study investigates how larval density and associated temperature changes affect the development and survival of two forensically essential blow fly species, Lucilia sericata and Calliphora vicina. Larvae colonies were reared at 25 °C under controlled conditions, with adults at 23.3 °C on a 16:8 light cycle. Using a split-plot design, we tested four larval densities of 50, 200, 1000, and 2000 individuals at 25 °C and 30 °C, with temperature gradients measured via thermocouple at four mass positions three times daily, and larvae fed liver at ca. 6 g/50 larvae. Key findings revealed density-dependent developmental patterns, with 1000 larvae representing a threshold where thermoregulatory benefits balance competition costs. Temperature gradients showed edge-to-center differentials up to 5.2 °C, yet high-density masses exhibited prolonged development despite warmer microclimates due to hypoxia and waste accumulation. L. sericata demonstrated greater thermal tolerance than C. vicina, particularly at 30 °C, as C. vicina showed 58% reduced emergence. We demonstrated that maggot mass temperature might not be reliable, as they may overestimate developmental rate by 18–22% at densities over 1000 larvae. We recommend a bigger container for maggot mass-related studies, starting with 1000 larvae per container. The study provides a framework for density-adjusted ADD models and highlights climate change implications for blow fly communication dynamics in forensics contexts.

Reviewing Different Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for Sarcasm Detection

2025-06-24

Rahul Yadav , Jaswinder Singh | CRC Press eBooks

Myiasis, a neglected disease: A review of clinical cases andtheir distribution in Colombia

2025-06-24

Jhon Ch. Donato‐Rondón , A Donato , Olga Lucía Pardo-Herrera | Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales

Human myiasis, primarily caused by larvae of the fly species Dermatobia hominis and Cochliomyiahominivorax (order Diptera), is a persistent public health problem in South America. In Colombia,the geographical distribution of … Human myiasis, primarily caused by larvae of the fly species Dermatobia hominis and Cochliomyiahominivorax (order Diptera), is a persistent public health problem in South America. In Colombia,the geographical distribution of these species is poorly understood, and clinical reports of myiasisremain scarce. Our study aimed to determine the geographic distribution of D. hominis, C.hominivorax, and myiasis cases in Colombia by reviewing bibliographic sources, including scientificand medical articles, biological collections, and clinical reports. We conducted an exhaustive reviewof biological and medical literature, biological collections, and clinical case records, and then createda database to quantify myiasis cases nationally and by department. Their distribution is shown inchoropleth and point maps, identifying departments and municipalities with the highest number ofcases. Our results provide the most comprehensive geographic distribution of myiasis to date forColombia, with most cases reported in Antioquia (including Medellín), Cundinamarca (includingBogotá), Meta (including Villavicencio), Santander (including Bucaramanga), and to a lesser extent,Tolima and Valle del Cauca. Although the scarcity of data prevented the calculation of infection ratesover time, we concluded that myiasis is endemic in Colombia. Most cases were reported in citiesand departments in the country’s Andean region, where most of the population, primary health careservices, and health surveillance infrastructure are concentrated.

Biological aspects and molecular identification of forensically relevant blow flies under seasonal temperature and humidity variations in Egypt

2025-06-20

Abeer M. Salem , El-Sayed H. Shaurub , Abdulrhman A. Almadiy +1 more | The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology

Abstract Background Blow flies play a crucial role in determining the minimum postmortem interval (PMI min ) due to their prolific breeding on carrion. This study focuses on three important … Abstract Background Blow flies play a crucial role in determining the minimum postmortem interval (PMI min ) due to their prolific breeding on carrion. This study focuses on three important medical and forensically species investigating how fluctuating temperatures affect their biology and confirming their identification through mitochondrial DNA analysis. Results The different biological aspects of the three studied species Lucilia sericata , Chrysomya albiceps , and Chrysomya megacephala were temperature dependent. The highest number of emerging adults, number of eggs laid per female and egg hatchability were in summer, followed by spring, autumn and winter. Preoviposition period, incubation period, maggot duration and pupal duration were inversely proportional with temperature. Adult females lived longer than males during the four seasons. The longest longevity of male and female of L. sericata was in spring. Male and female C. megacephala and C. albiceps had the longest life span in winter. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 97, 99 and 99% similarity between L. sericata , C. megacephala and C. albiceps compared to their reference species. Conclusions Seasonal temperature variations significantly impact developmental rates of blow flies causing deviation in PMI min estimation if these biological data were to be used. The findings highlight the importance of integrating temperature effects and molecular data for more accurate investigation and identification. Graphical abstract

Balanic Myiasis in an Elderly Patient: Clinical Presentation and Environmental Factors

2025-06-20

Tetinou Fouelefack Aloys-Gibson , Kogui Douro Akim , Mhairi Donald +3 more | Archives of Urology

Cuticular chemical profiling for age differentiation of <i>Lucilia sericata</i> at 1 and 5 days post-pupation

2025-06-19

David Stewart-Yates , Garth Maker , Xin Du +2 more | Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences

Used of Turmeric in Handling Myiasis in Bali Cattle in North Sinjai District, South Sulawesi

2025-06-19

Fedri Rell , Ainun Jamilah , Adryani Ris +7 more | Jurnal Riset Veteriner Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Veterinary Research)

Myasis is a disease that commonly occurs in ruminants with the incidence of myasis increasing from year to year in Indonesia, especially in rural areas, with an incidence rate of … Myasis is a disease that commonly occurs in ruminants with the incidence of myasis increasing from year to year in Indonesia, especially in rural areas, with an incidence rate of 70% and a recurrence rate of up to 40% in cattle, buffalo, horses and goats. This disease is characterized by the presence of wounds and maggots. The presence of secondary infections will make the disease worse. Therefore, it is necessary to handle miasis cases so that they do not cause losses to farmers. A 7 year old of bali cattle in the North Sinjai district experienced miasis on the head. Treatment for myasis includes washing the wound, removing maggots and administering medication. Treatment uses the antibiotic oxytetracycline, anti-inflammatories, and vitamins as well as turmeric powder as a topical treatment. With the handling and treatment given, the cow showed recovery within 2 weeks. There is a need to improve election management so that this miasis incident does not happen again. As well as the need for socialization from related departments regarding livestock diseases and livestock rearing management.

Genomic evidence for flies as carriers of zoonotic pathogens on dairy farms

2025-06-19

Andrew J. Sommer , Joseph H. Skarlupka , Serafino Teseo +4 more | npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

Dairy farms are major reservoirs of zoonotic bacterial pathogens, which harbor antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and raise critical questions about their dissemination on and off the farm environment. Here, we … Dairy farms are major reservoirs of zoonotic bacterial pathogens, which harbor antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and raise critical questions about their dissemination on and off the farm environment. Here, we investigated the role of coprophagous muscid flies (Diptera: Muscidae) as carriers of zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistance. We collected cow manure and flies on a dairy farm and used shotgun metagenomics to identify the presence of clinically relevant bacteria, virulence factors, and ARGs in both environments. Our results reveal that, although the fly microbiome is largely composed of manure-associated taxa, they also harbor specific insect-associated bacteria, which may be involved in nutrient provisioning to the host. Furthermore, we identifed shared ARGs, virulence factors, and zoonotic pathogens enriched within the fly gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Our study illustrates the potential flow of pathogenic microorganisms from manure to coprophagous flies, suggesting that flies may pose an important zoonotic threat on dairy farms.

Forensic entomology in New Zealand – a gap assessment

2025-06-18

Xenia Okeremi , Julia Kasper , Rian Morgan-Smith | Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences

Extensive Palatal Necrosis Secondary to Chrysomya bezziana Myiasis: A Case Report

2025-06-16

Ken Wong Siong Hou , Syamsa Rizal Abdullah , Mohd Yusof +2 more | Archives of Orofacial Sciences

Oral myiasis, a rare condition characterised by infestation of dipterous larvae in the oral cavity, poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Herein, we present a case study of a 35-yearold … Oral myiasis, a rare condition characterised by infestation of dipterous larvae in the oral cavity, poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Herein, we present a case study of a 35-yearold quadriplegic man presenting with oral myiasis localised to the palatal region, likely attributable to malnutrition and suboptimal oral hygiene. Manifestations comprised oral bleeding, fever, and necrotic palatal ulcers infested with maggots. Initial diagnostic considerations encompassed mucormycosis and neoplastic lesions; however, further scrutiny revealed primary palatal myiasis caused by Chrysomya bezziana species. Therapeutic interventions entailed bedside maggot removal and meticulous wound care, with topical hyaluronic acid application and oral hygiene guidance. This case underscores the significance of uncommon conditions such as palatal myiasis, especially among patients with intricate medical backgrounds. A comprehensive diagnostic approach and optimal treatment ensure favourable outcomes.

Microbial succession patterns for postmortem interval estimation in decomposed mouse cadavers: A comparative study of mechanical asphyxia and hemorrhagic shock

2025-06-16

Qin Su , Xingchun Zhao , Xin-Biao Liao +7 more | Journal of Forensic Sciences

Abstract Estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) is crucial in forensic science. Recent studies suggest microbial community succession patterns as a promising tool for PMI inference. This study examines how the … Abstract Estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) is crucial in forensic science. Recent studies suggest microbial community succession patterns as a promising tool for PMI inference. This study examines how the cause of death, specifically mechanical asphyxia and hemorrhagic shock, influences microbial succession. By utilizing 16S amplicon sequencing, the study characterizes the succession patterns of microbial communities in different body parts (facial skin and cecal tissue) and applies random forest regression to develop PMI inference models. The results revealed significant differences in the decomposition processes between mechanical asphyxia and hemorrhagic shock. Determining the PMI based solely on postmortem phenomena proved challenging. Microbial communities in facial skin and cecal tissue—two distinct body parts from a decomposing corpse with the same cause of death—showed considerable variation, and the microbial composition in cecal tissue also differed between the two causes of death. The regression model, based on microbiota data at the family level, demonstrated the best performance. Specifically, eight bacterial families, including Enterobacteriaceae and Corynebacteriaceae, in facial skin were identified as predictors of PMI in corpses decomposed due to mechanical asphyxia, with an average absolute error of 2.15 ± 0.85 days. In contrast, 28 bacterial families, such as Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiales_NA, in cecal tissue were found to predict the PMI of corpses decomposed due to hemorrhagic shock, with an average absolute error of 2.52 ± 0.74 days. These findings provide a valuable microbial dataset for advancing forensic PMI studies.

Wohlfahrtia nuba (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) Development and Survival Under Fluctuating Temperatures

2025-06-13

Abeer S. Yamany , Manal F. El‐Khadragy , Rewaida Abdel‐Gaber | Insects

The flesh fly, Wohlfahrtia nuba (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), is one of the first necrophagous insects to arrive on a cadaver and is vital for understanding decomposition. Environmental factors, especially temperature, … The flesh fly, Wohlfahrtia nuba (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), is one of the first necrophagous insects to arrive on a cadaver and is vital for understanding decomposition. Environmental factors, especially temperature, influence insect development, which is crucial for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) in forensic entomology. This study explored how seasonal temperature variations affect the survival and development of W. nuba’s immature stages. The W. nuba colony was reared in the laboratory for four seasons from 3 October 2023 to 30 September 2024. The duration of the larval and pupal phases, the percentage of survival and mortality of the larvae and pupae, the larval growth rate, the percentage of emergence, fecundity, the sex ratio, and the pre-larviposition period were among the many life cycle characteristics that were documented during the study. Research indicates that seasonal changes affect development, shortening the growth period as temperatures rise. Flies raised at an average temperature of 38.3 °C grew faster but experienced higher larval mortality and lower survival rates. The average duration of larval and pupal stages was reduced, with an optimal development temperature of 27.9 °C showing higher survival rates, maximum body weight, and fecundity. The largest mortality rate occurred during winter at an average temperature of 18.5 °C, with males and females showing significant pupal elongation. The findings could help forensic entomologists working on legal investigations to ascertain PMI.

Death-Leading Envenomization of Rabbits with Snake Versus Scorpion Venoms: A Comparative Forensic Investigation of Postmortem Decomposition and Beetle Succession

2025-06-13

Afnan Saleh Al-Qurashi , Mohammed S. Al‐Khalifa , Hathal M. Al Dhafer +3 more | Insects

Background:Envenomation by poisonous creatures is a major global cause of mortality. Its concomitant impact on the postmortem corpse decomposition and associated insect succession pattern is still poorly understood. Purpose of … Background:Envenomation by poisonous creatures is a major global cause of mortality. Its concomitant impact on the postmortem corpse decomposition and associated insect succession pattern is still poorly understood. Purpose of the study: This study comparatively investigates the impact of envenomization with the venoms of the snake Walterinnesia aegyptia L. versus the scorpion, Androctonus crassicauda L., on rabbit corpse decomposition and beetle succession. Methods: Three groups of rabbits (five animals each) were injected with the snake venom, the scorpion venom, or 0.9% saline (control) prior to euthanasia with CO2. The corpse decomposition stages and beetle succession were monitored over 11 days. Results: Four stages of decomposition with venom-dependent duration variation were observed. The scorpion-envenomized corpses showed a longer decay stage and a delayed dry stage. A total of 1094 beetles belonging to 27 species of 14 families were reported. Histeridae, Dermestidae, Scarabaeidae, and Tenebrionidae were the most diversified and prevalent families. Chrysomelidae, Elateridae, Hybosoridae, and Ptinidae were incidentally attracted to control corpses, while Nitidulidae and Zopheridae were only found on control and snake-envenomized ones. Four species belonging to the families Anthicidae, Histeridae, Scarabaeidae, and Tenebrionidae were predominant on all corpses. Four species belonging to the families Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Elateridae, and Hybosoridae were distinctively associated with the control corpses. Conclusions: These findings provided evidence that envenomation impacted the decomposition process and beetle succession in a venom-dependent manner, which could be significant for forensic investigations.

Como a perícia pode auxiliar na solução de crimes: revisão literária sobre o uso da patologia forense, toxicologia e exames complementares na medicina veterinária

2025-06-13

Camila da Silva Carvalho , C. Oliveira , Domethila Mariano de Souza Aguiar dos Santos +7 more | Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research

A Medicina Veterinária Legal tem se consolidado como uma ferramenta indispensável na elucidação de crimes envolvendo animais, refletindo a crescente preocupação com o bem-estar animal e a ligação entre violência … A Medicina Veterinária Legal tem se consolidado como uma ferramenta indispensável na elucidação de crimes envolvendo animais, refletindo a crescente preocupação com o bem-estar animal e a ligação entre violência contra animais e outros crimes. Este artigo de revisão tem como objetivo apresentar as principais áreas de atuação da perícia veterinária — como patologia forense, toxicologia, traumatologia e genética — e demonstrar como essas áreas contribuem para investigações criminais. Através de estudos de caso e da literatura especializada, abordam-se os métodos aplicados em necropsias, exames toxicológicos, análise de vestígios biológicos, entomológicos e morfológicos, além da utilização de técnicas modernas como a virtópsia. A atuação do médico-veterinário perito é destacada como essencial, não apenas pela coleta e interpretação de evidências, mas também pelo suporte técnico ao sistema judiciário. São discutidas as dificuldades enfrentadas pela área, como a falta de padronização nos procedimentos e a escassez de formação especializada. Ainda assim, as perspectivas futuras apontam para a expansão do campo da Medicina Veterinária Legal, com maior inserção nos currículos acadêmicos e fortalecimento da atuação profissional. Conclui-se que a perícia veterinária é uma aliada da justiça, contribuindo significativamente para a responsabilização de agressores e a proteção dos animais.

Post-mortem Interval Estimation Through Entomology Using Calliphorid Flies: A Case Series

2025-06-12

A. Amala Mithin Minther Singh , S Yashpal. , Ashish R Bhute +1 more | Cureus

Visual analysis of hotspots and evolutionary trends in the field of postmortem interval estimation

2025-06-12

Chao Du , Yehui Lv | Medicine Science and the Law

Purpose: Through a visual analysis of the literature on postmortem interval estimation research collected in the Web of Science database, this study aims to explore the development process, research hotspots, … Purpose: Through a visual analysis of the literature on postmortem interval estimation research collected in the Web of Science database, this study aims to explore the development process, research hotspots, and technical approaches in this field, providing a reference for scholars and professionals in related fields. Methods: It retrieves English-language articles related to postmortem interval estimation published in the Web of Science Core Collection from its inception until December 31, 2023, that meet the inclusion criteria. The study calculates the annual number of publications and citations and analyzes the trends. Based on these annual publication volumes, a second search is conducted for the period during which the number of publications in this field exceeded 100 per year, specifically from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2023. CiteSpace 6.2.R4 software is used to perform a visual analysis of the second set of retrieved documents. Results: The first search retrieved 1778 articles related to postmortem interval estimation research. The second search retrieved 1265 articles, with an average annual growth rate of 6.84%. Based on the publication trend line for this period, it is predicted that approximately 150 articles will be published in this field in 2024. Conclusion: In the future, the development of postmortem interval estimation will likely remain in a steady phase. Interdisciplinary interactions and constraints still exist. The future direction may focus on using multiomics approaches, combined with advancements in artificial intelligence, to establish comprehensive data models for more accurate postmortem interval estimation.

Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Collected from Three Different Localities in Egypt

2025-06-12

Salwa S. Rashed , Emad I.M. Khater , Rawda Badawy +2 more | Bulletin of Faculty of Science Zagazig University

A Case Series on Neglected Scalp Swelling With Maggot Infestation: Clinical Profile And Management Strategies

2025-06-11

Dhananjay Talaviya , Pawan Agrawal , S. Mirza | International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

Neglected scalp wounds are at risk for developing myiasis, especially in patients with poor hygiene or chronic illness. This retrospective observational study includes 10 patients with maggot-infested scalp swellings managed … Neglected scalp wounds are at risk for developing myiasis, especially in patients with poor hygiene or chronic illness. This retrospective observational study includes 10 patients with maggot-infested scalp swellings managed over 2 years at a K D Medical collage (tertiary care center). Data on demographics, clinical features, imaging, treatment, and outcomes were analyzed.

Fact-finding Investigation for the Activation of the Legal-forensic Nursing Consultancy Desk at the Order of Nursing Professions of the Province of Avellino

2025-06-10

A Masucc , Di Gisi AA , de Britto Felipe A. | Journal of Forensic Science and Research

Healthcare professionals today increasingly find themselves operating in a healthcare context characterized by the progressive increase in claims for compensation, often unrelated and sometimes aimed exclusively at profit, often accompanied … Healthcare professionals today increasingly find themselves operating in a healthcare context characterized by the progressive increase in claims for compensation, often unrelated and sometimes aimed exclusively at profit, often accompanied by real complaints with huge legal consequences. The survey aims to investigate the perception, of the nurses who have joined the study, of the need to activate the legal-forensic nursing consultancy desk at the Order of Nursing Professions of the province of Avellino, as a defense and protection body.

Malignant Hyperthermia in Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)

2025-06-08

Guida Isaia Sampedro , Ricardo de Andrade Soares , Beatriz Lopes Simão +5 more | ACTA SCIENTIAE VETERINARIAE

Background: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a metabolic myopathy that affects several species, including humans; it occurs because of a sudden increase in calcium in the muscle fibers in genetically susceptible … Background: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a metabolic myopathy that affects several species, including humans; it occurs because of a sudden increase in calcium in the muscle fibers in genetically susceptible individuals. In camelids, such as alpacas, it is related to heat stress, caused, for example, by an environment with high temperatures. However, there are no reports of MH in alpacas in Brazil. Herein, we aimed to describe the anatomopathological examination findings via necroscopy and histopathological analyses of two alpacas suffering from MH. Case: A fertile, adult, female alpaca with white fur that was not shorn, presented with hyperthermia (42.6°C), prostration, tachypnea, and paresis on a day when the temperature recorded in Rio Grande do Sul was 38°C, which felt like 46°C. At the veterinary clinic, tylosin (10 mg/kg) and dipyrone (50 mg/kg) were administered intramuscularly; however, the animal died. Upon examination, a complete blood count revealed erythrocytosis, anisocytosis, leukocytosis because of neutrophilia and thrombocytopenia. Biochemical evaluation revealed an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), creatinine, and urea levels. The following day, necroscopic examination revealed moderately congested mucous membranes in the ocular and oral cavities, very pale striated muscles, and a discreetly pale liver with accentuation in the lobular pattern. The lungs were heavily armed, with costal impressions and a shiny dark red-to-purple surface; the more depressed areas were black. There was a significant amount of a reddish and frothy liquid in regions of the trachea and bronchi. Microscopic evaluation of the lung revealed diffuse moderate-to-marked accumulation of amorphous eosinophilic material. Diffuse congestion and moderate and multifocal hemorrhages were noted in the subendocardial region of the heart. Skeletal muscle examination revealed a moderate-to-marked difference in the size of some muscle fibers, with degeneration and necrosis of cardiomyocytes, loss of angulation and flocculation, and edema between the muscle fibers. These fibers, severely damaged because of atrophy, had multinucleated cells. The difference in fiber content was moderate in other muscle fibers.. In all muscle fibers, there was moderate edema between the fibers. The spleen and brain were congested. In the liver, mainly in the centrilobular areas, a brownish granular pigment was detected in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. All gastric compartments demonstrated diffuse and marked autolysis. Another alpaca who was in contact with the female alpaca presented with similar clinical signs; however, they had a milder form. After the line of management was altered, the animal recovered. No other alpacas were afflicted. Discussion: To establish a diagnosis of MH, it is necessary to correlate epidemiological data and clinical history with macroscopic and histological lesions as well as hematological examination findings. The increase in CK and AST levels demonstrated muscle injury. The clinical signs of prostration, tachypnea, muscle rigidity, and hyperthermia, in addition to extremely pale striated skeletal muscles, were indicative of MH. Differential diagnoses of capture myopathy, lymphocytic myositis, selenium and vitamin E deficiency, or accidental Senna poisoning were discarded because of the history elicited and injuries detected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of MH in alpacas in Brazil. Our findings indicate that it is extremely important to instruct breeders regarding the management of animals in hot weather.

Cutaneous immune cell levels in patients with hard-to-heal wounds after maggot therapy and surgical debridement therapy

2025-06-02

Umut Gazi , Bayram Çolak , Ozgur Tosun +4 more | Journal of Wound Care

Objective: This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of maggot therapy (MT) and surgical debridement therapy (SDT) on the inflammatory phase of healing, a phase which does not … Objective: This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of maggot therapy (MT) and surgical debridement therapy (SDT) on the inflammatory phase of healing, a phase which does not favour tissue regeneration in hard-to-heal wounds. Method: SDT was performed in sterile operating theatre conditions. MT was applied with a dose of 5–7 maggots/cm 2 . The levels of neutrophils, macrophages, M1 cells, M2 cells, T-cells and B-cells were analysed by using flow cytometry analysis which was performed on wound biopsy samples collected from hard-to-heal foot ulcers in patients with diabetes before and after either SDT or MT. Results: The experimental cohort comprised 25 patients. Patients in the MT group (n=13) demonstrated a shorter time to complete debridement, required fewer debridement sessions and had a higher rate of complete recovery than patients in the SDT group (n=12). Both therapies were able to reduce neutrophil, macrophage and M1 cell levels, and to elevate M2 cell, T-cell and B-cell frequencies. Statistically significantly higher variations were reported after MT than after SDT in neutrophil, M2 cell, T-cell and B-cell counts. Conclusion: The higher cell numbers detected in the MT group could be associated with an increased healing rate and reduced debridement time in comparison with SDT. MT not only debrided the wound effectively, but also positively influenced wound healing through its effect on the inflammatory process.

Unravelling the role of Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) as a causative agent of myiasis in sheep with Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) as the first documented agent of myiasis in ruminants from Kashmir Himalaya, India

2025-06-01

Tanveer Ahmad Dar , Altaf Hussain Mir | Veterinary Parasitology Regional Studies and Reports

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Necrophagous and Parasitic Subspecies of Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Provides Important Insights into their Divergent Biologies

2025-06-01

Shilpa Kapoor , Paul V. Hickner , Allison N. Dickey +7 more | International Journal for Parasitology

Lucilia cuprina, a species of blowfly, consists of two recognized subspecies: L. cuprina cuprina and L. cuprina dorsalis. Although they are morphologically and molecularly similar to each other, they have … Lucilia cuprina, a species of blowfly, consists of two recognized subspecies: L. cuprina cuprina and L. cuprina dorsalis. Although they are morphologically and molecularly similar to each other, they have very different ecological roles. In Australia, L. c. dorsalis is predominantly found in rural areas and is the primary causative agent of sheep myiasis (flystrike), while L. c. cuprina is necrophagous and not a significant pest of livestock in the Americas or elsewhere. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly for L. c. cuprina and an improved assembly for L. c. dorsalis, enabling comparative genomic analysis between these subspecies. While both genomes share a similar gene content, subspecies-specific genes were identified, which may contribute to their divergent ecological roles -necrophagy in L. c. cuprina and parasitism in L. c. dorsalis. Phylogenetic analyses across target genomic regions reaffirm the close relationship between L. c. cuprina and L. c. dorsalis and position L. sericata as their sister species. Gene mutations linked to diazinon resistance were exclusively observed in L. c. dorsalis, while malathion resistance was detected in both subspecies. Additionally, we identified genes with accelerated evolutionary rates in each subspecies, which may underlie their distinct feeding behaviours. We also conducted a detailed analysis of chemosensory genes, revealing that L. c. dorsalis possesses slightly larger repertoires of all four chemosensory gene families analyzed. In comparison to Drosophila melanogaster, both subspecies exhibit an expanded gustatory receptor clade. Our findings provide valuable insights into the genetic factors underpinning parasitism and insecticide resistance and provide a valuable genetic resource for future research endeavours, including the development of engineered strains aimed at genetic biocontrol strategies. This work enhances our understanding of the evolutionary adaptations for this important blowfly species.

First report of flesh-fly (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) myiasis in Little-devil poison frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Ecuador

2025-05-31

Manuel J. Vélez , Mark-Oliver Rödel , Vladimir Carvajal +2 more | International Journal for Parasitology Parasites and Wildlife

We report a case of myiasis in the poison frog Oophaga sylvatica from the Canandé Reserve located in the Chocó region of northwestern Ecuador. We identified the causal agents as … We report a case of myiasis in the poison frog Oophaga sylvatica from the Canandé Reserve located in the Chocó region of northwestern Ecuador. We identified the causal agents as larvae of flesh flies, Sarcophagidae, by means of DNA barcoding and morphological features. This represents the first record of myiasis in an anuran in Ecuador and the second record for Dendrobatidae in the Neotropics. This observation may constitute a case of facultative parasitism where larvae are deposited in the frog's wounds, but further research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms underlying this interaction.

Advanced squamous cell carcinoma with myiasis: a case report

2025-05-31

Ali Adwal Ali , A. Ahmed , Sajjad Ghanim Al-Badri +2 more | Journal of Surgical Case Reports

Abstract Advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a challenge for treatment. It is also a risk factor for unintended infestation with Diptera larvae (maggots) known as myiasis. We describe a … Abstract Advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a challenge for treatment. It is also a risk factor for unintended infestation with Diptera larvae (maggots) known as myiasis. We describe a rare case of cutaneous myiasis located on a giant SCC of the face in an elderly female. Myiasis coupled with malignant skin conditions provides a unique surgical challenge as it is associated with a significantly increased risk of complications and mortalities. A literature review using PUBMED revealed 15 cases of SCC-associated myiasis due to different species. It is not only a disease of older age, as two of the patients were in their 20s. Pain, bleeding, and infection are possible symptoms due to infestation but not all patients reported complaints. Treatment aims to completely remove all maggots and to prevent secondary tissue damage with blindness due to eyeball destruction as one of the worst.

Micro-CT based internal morphological analysis of blowfly (Chrysomya megacephala): a potential tool to age blowfly pupae having forensic implications

2025-05-31

Anika Sharma , A. K. Agrawal , Balwant Singh +3 more | International Journal of Tropical Insect Science

Modelos forenses experimentales para la estimación del intervalo postmortem (IPM) sobre restos de Sus scrofa domesticus

2025-05-30

Atilio Nasti | Revista Argentina de Antropología Biológica

The estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI) can be obtained from eyewitness accounts or other types of ante-mortem evidence, such as records obtained using electronic devices or video footage. However, … The estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI) can be obtained from eyewitness accounts or other types of ante-mortem evidence, such as records obtained using electronic devices or video footage. However, these testimonial sources, if available, do not usually provide the full account of an investigation. In this sense, researchers should use different methodological strategies, whether physical or chemical, to estimate the post-mortem interval. The systematic study over a calendar year made it possible to construct predictive sequences of decomposition from the temperature and humidity record in two different environments within wetland areas in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area, resulting in a methodological instrument to estimate the PMI in biological remains of pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) of 35-40 kg. The estimation of the post-mortem interval is based, to a large extent, on post-mortem changes present in the body; however, climatic factors and the context of deposition of the biological remains are critical factors to be taken into account in the chronology of this process. Although forensic scientists may have access to a large amount of technical/methodological information to estimate time of death, they must also have prior knowledge of the decomposition process at a local level to provide an estimate of the post-mortem interval that may be useful in a medicolegal investigation.

Jean Pierre Mégnin (1828–1905): A Nineteenth-Century Pioneer in the Development of Veterinary and Forensic Sciences

2025-05-29

Ioannis Nikolakakis , Angeliki Geronymou , Ifigeneia Avgousti +2 more | Cureus

Decoding Ant Activity Patterns in a Rare Anesthetic Drug Fatality: A Case Report

2025-05-27

Nirmal Nagar , Ayesha Goyal , Binaya Kumar Bastia +3 more

The forensic footprint: Elemental and microbial evidence in relocated remains

2025-05-27

Katelyn L. Bolhofner , Ken G. Sweat , Kristina Buss +2 more | Journal of Forensic Sciences

Abstract Here, we investigate the microbial and elemental signatures left behind at the sites of relocated remains, providing insights into postmortem processes that can assist forensic investigations of clandestine burials … Abstract Here, we investigate the microbial and elemental signatures left behind at the sites of relocated remains, providing insights into postmortem processes that can assist forensic investigations of clandestine burials and relocated remains. We allowed two 90.7 kg (200lbs) clothed porcine models to decompose in open, varied environments in Arizona for a period of 25 days prior to the removal of the remains to secondary burial locations. After a period of 9 months, we collected soil samples from both the primary and secondary sites, as well as from control sites nearby. Our findings support the prevailing suggestion that microbial communities associated with decomposing remains exhibit distinct signatures, here dominated by Gammaproteobacteria and Clostridium, and demonstrate for the first time that these signatures remain detectable at a primary site for an extended period after a short decomposition period and relocation of remains to a secondary site. Additionally, elemental analyses identified significant differences in soil composition, particularly in macronutrients such as phosphorus and sulfur, between control and both primary and secondary deposition sites. These findings suggest that the traces left behind by decomposing remains can serve as forensic markers for an extended period after relocation. Our results highlight the potential of combining microbial and elemental analyses to enhance the understanding of decomposition and inform investigative strategies in forensic contexts. This research underscores the importance of microbial signatures in forensic science and calls for further exploration of their broader applicability in various burial environments.

Dipteran succession on decomposing domestic pig carcasses in a rural area of southeastern Brazil

2025-05-27

Carlos Henrique Garção-Neto , Lucas Barbosa Cortinhas , Paloma Martins Mendonça +3 more

Diptera plays a pivotal role in forensic investigations, particularly in estimating the post-mortem interval. This can be achieved by analyzing the succession patterns of species on decomposing bodies, which requires … Diptera plays a pivotal role in forensic investigations, particularly in estimating the post-mortem interval. This can be achieved by analyzing the succession patterns of species on decomposing bodies, which requires detailed knowledge of the local fauna. In rural areas of the Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, forensic entomological succession remains understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the ecological succession of adult and immature dipterans on decomposing pig carcasses in rural areas of Seropédica municipality during dry and rainy seasons, through the threshold indicator taxa analysis (TITAN). For adult dipterans during the rainy season, we identified 25 'Z-' taxa, with change points (cp) between days 4 and 14, while one 'Z+' taxon showed a cp at day 16. During the dry season, 22 'Z-' taxa exhibited cp between days 4 and 1, and one 'Z+' taxon was identified on day 13. Among immature dipterans, we identified 3 'Z-' taxa with cp between days 9 and 16, while 2 'Z+' taxa showed cp. at days 5 and 21.5. Our findings provide valuable insights for forensic professionals by offering continuous ecological change point analysis, which help address the challenges of interpreting heterogeneous decomposition stages, which are often difficult to delineate in forensic casework.

Exploring the diversity and abundance of necrophagous flies (Diptera) in Tabriz County, northwestern Iran: Implications for medical and public health importance

2025-05-27

Sahar Azarmi , Kamran Akbarzadeh , Omid Dehghan +6 more

Uncommon complication: maggot infestation around tracheostomy tube wound

2025-05-27

Jaswant Singh , Anuj Kumar Soni

“GOD’S punishment for sinners” this is the name given to Myiasis (Maggots) in Hindu mythology, symbolizing divine retribution. Myiasis is caused by the larvae of dipterous flies, which feed on … “GOD’S punishment for sinners” this is the name given to Myiasis (Maggots) in Hindu mythology, symbolizing divine retribution. Myiasis is caused by the larvae of dipterous flies, which feed on living or necrotic tissue of both humans and animals. It can affect various body sites, including the skin, eyes, ears, stomach, intestinal tract, and genitourinary areas. The condition primarily involves body cavities such as the nasal cavity, ears, non-healing ulcers, exophytic malignant growths, and cutaneous tissue. While myiasis around a tracheostomy tube is rare, it presents significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Here, we present the case of a 62-year-old male who developed myiasis around his tracheostomy tube. Physical examination revealed severe necrosis around the tracheostomy site, with multiple live maggots present in the affected tissue. After the removal of the tracheostomy tube, the patient was able to breathe without difficulty in a room air environment. A total of 30–40 live maggots were carefully extracted using tooth forceps and curved artery forceps. Surgical debridement and removal of necrotic tissue were performed to prevent further spread of infection and promote healing. This case underscores the importance of considering myiasis as a rare but potentially serious complication in patients with tracheostomies, highlighting the need for prompt intervention to prevent systemic infection.