Engineering › Building and Construction

Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production

Works Count: 34292

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the utilization of various waste materials, such as incineration residues, sewage sludge ash, and glass-ceramics, in the production of bricks and ceramic materials. It explores the recycling and sustainable use of these waste materials, as well as their leaching behavior and potential applications in promoting a circular economy.

Keywords

Waste Materials; Utilization; Brick Production; Ceramic Materials; Incineration Residues; Sewage Sludge Ash; Glass-ceramics; Recycling; Leaching Behavior; Circular Economy

High-Volume Fly Ash System: Concrete Solution for Sustainable Development

2000-01-01

A. Bilodeau , V. M. Malhotra

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Carbonation of Steel Slag for CO2 Sequestration: Leaching of Products and Reaction Mechanisms

2006-03-22

W.J.J. Huijgen , Rob N.J. Comans

Carbonation of industrial alkaline residues can be used as a CO2 sequestration technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In this study, steel slag samples were carbonated to a varying extent. … Carbonation of industrial alkaline residues can be used as a CO2 sequestration technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In this study, steel slag samples were carbonated to a varying extent. Leaching experiments and geochemical modeling were used to identify solubility-controlling processes of major and trace elements, both with regard to carbonation mechanisms and the environmental properties of the (carbonated) steel slag. Carbonation was shown to reduce the leaching of alkaline earth metals (except Mg) by conversion of Ca-phases, such as portlandite, ettringite, and Ca-(Fe)-silicates into calcite, possibly containing traces of Ba and Sr. The leaching of vanadium increased substantially upon carbonation, probably due to the dissolution of a Ca-vanadate. The reactive surface area of Al- and Fe-(hydr)oxides increased with the carbonation degree, which tends to reduce the leaching of sorption-controlled trace elements. Sorption on Mn-(hydr)oxides was found to be required to adequately model the leaching of divalent cations, but was not influenced by carbonation. Consideration of these three distinct reactive surfaces and possible (surface) precipitation reactions resulted in adequate modeling predictions of oxyanion and trace metal leaching from (carbonated) steel slag. Hence, these surfaces exert a major influence on the environmental properties of both fresh and carbonated steel slag.

Characterization of bottom ash in municipal solid waste incinerators for its use in road base

2004-01-01

R. Forteza , M. Far , C. Seguı́ +1 more

Removal of selected metal ions from aqueous solution using modified corncobs

2001-06-01

T. A. Vaughan , Chung W. Seo , Wayne E. Marshall

The possible use of sewage sludge ash (SSA) in the construction industry as a way towards a circular economy

2015-02-25

Marzena Smol , Joanna Kulczycka , Anna Henclik +2 more

Characteristics and environmental aspects of slag: A review

2014-04-30

Nadine M. Piatak , Michael B. Parsons , Robert R. Seal

Characteristics of wood ash and influence on soil properties and nutrient uptake: an overview

2001-05-01

Alex Demeyer , J. C. Voundi Nkana , Marc Verloo

An approach to the dynamics of clay firing

1999-10-01

Maria Pia Riccardi

Disposal strategies for municipal solid waste incineration residues

1996-05-01

Ole Hjelmar

Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: An overview

2007-12-01

Margarida J. Quina , João C. Bordado , Rosa M. Quinta‐Ferreira

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Factors affecting hazardous waste solidification/stabilization: A review

2006-03-14

Rachana Malviya , Rubina Chaudhary

Utilization of fly ash for stabilization/solidification of heavy metal contaminated soils

2003-05-12

Dimitris Dermatas , Xiaoguang Meng

Glass-ceramics: Their production from wastes—A Review

2006-02-01

R. D. Rawlings , Jeremy P. Wu , Aldo R. Boccaccını

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Study on fired bricks with replacing clay by fly ash in high volume ratio

2004-07-13

Lingling Xu , Wei Guo , Tao Wang +1 more

Fired clay bricks manufactured by adding wastes as sustainable construction material – A review

2014-05-23

Pedro Muñoz , M.P. Morales , Manuel Antonio Mendívil Giro +1 more

MSWI ashes as mineral additions in concrete

2004-03-06

Luca Bertolini , Maddalena Carsana , D. Cassago +2 more

Characterization of the bottom ash in municipal solid waste incinerator

1999-02-01

J.M. Chimenos , M. Segarra , Miguel Fernández +1 more

Technological and environmental behavior of sewage sludge ash (SSA) in cement-based materials

2007-05-25

Martin Cyr , Marie Coutand , Pierre Clastres

Phase transformation and growth of mullite in kaolin ceramics

2003-10-17

Yung‐Feng Chen , Moo-Chin Wang , Min‐Hsiung Hon

Leaching mechanisms of oxyanionic metalloid and metal species in alkaline solid wastes: A review

2008-03-11

Geert Cornelis , Catherine A. Johnson , Tom Van Gerven +1 more

Rice husk ash as an alternate source for active silica production

2002-12-01

Viviana Possamai Della , Ingeborg Kühn , Dachamir Hotza

Recycling and recovery routes for incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA): A review

2013-06-29

Shane Donatello , Christopher Cheeseman

Thermal plasma waste treatment

2008-02-14

J. Heberlein , Anthony B. Murphy

Plasma waste treatment has over the past decade become a more prominent technology because of the increasing problems with waste disposal and because of the realization of opportunities to generate … Plasma waste treatment has over the past decade become a more prominent technology because of the increasing problems with waste disposal and because of the realization of opportunities to generate valuable co-products. Plasma vitrification of hazardous slags has been a commercial technology for several years, and volume reduction of hazardous wastes using plasma processes is increasingly being used. Plasma gasification of wastes with low negative values has attracted interest as a source of energy and spawned process developments for treatment of even municipal solid wastes. Numerous technologies and approaches exist for plasma treatment of wastes. This review summarizes the approaches that have been developed, presents some of the basic physical principles, provides details of some specific processes and considers the advantages and disadvantages of thermal plasmas in waste treatment applications.

Possible applications for municipal solid waste fly ash

2002-12-27

Célia Dias‐Ferreira , Alexandra B. Ribeiro , Lisbeth M. Ottosen

The use of recycled paper processing residues in making porous brick with reduced thermal conductivity

2009-03-30

Mücahit Sütçü , Sedat Akkurt

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Development of sustainable construction material using industrial and agricultural solid waste: A review of waste-create bricks

2011-05-09

S. P. Raut , Rahul V. Ralegaonkar , Sachin A. Mandavgane

Processing of porous ceramics by ‘starch consolidation’

1998-01-01

Ola Lyckfeldt , J.M.F. Ferreira

An Index of Weathering for Silicate Rocks

1970-11-01

Andrew Parker

Summary An index of weathering for silicate rocks is proposed, based on the proportions of the alkali and alkaline earth metals present. These are considered to be the most mobile … Summary An index of weathering for silicate rocks is proposed, based on the proportions of the alkali and alkaline earth metals present. These are considered to be the most mobile of the major elements. The bond strengths of the elements with oxygen are used as weighting factors in the index, which measures both the degree to which a rock has already been weathered with respect to the parent material, and also its susceptibility to further weathering.

Use of Incineration MSW Ash: A Review

2010-07-02

Charles Hoi King Lam , A.W.M. Ip , J. P. Barford +1 more

This study reviews the characteristics of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ashes, with a main focus on the chemical properties of the ashes. Furthermore, the possible treatment methods for the … This study reviews the characteristics of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ashes, with a main focus on the chemical properties of the ashes. Furthermore, the possible treatment methods for the utilization of ash, namely, separation processes, solidification/stabilization and thermal processes, are also discussed. Seven types of MSWI ash utilization are reviewed, namely, cement and concrete production, road pavement, glasses and ceramics, agriculture, stabilizing agent, adsorbents and zeolite production. The practical use of MSWI ash shows a great contribution to waste minimization as well as resources conservation.

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Utilization of sludge as brick materials

2003-05-01

Chih‐Huang Weng , Deng-Fong Lin , Pen‐Chi Chiang

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Solid wastes generation in India and their recycling potential in building materials

2006-06-15

Asokan Pappu , Mohini Saxena , Shyam R. Asolekar

Thermal plasma technology for the treatment of wastes: A critical review

2008-04-12

Elena Gómez , D. Amutha Rani , Christopher Cheeseman +3 more

Management of municipal solid waste incineration residues

2003-01-01

T Sabbas , Alessandra Polettini , Raffaella Pomi +7 more

The implementation of wood waste ash as a partial cement replacement material in the production of structural grade concrete and mortar: An overview

2011-03-09

Chee Ban Cheah , Mahyuddin Ramli

Production of bricks from waste materials – A review

2013-06-10

Lianyang Zhang

Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review

2006-08-15

D. Fytili , Α. Zabaniotou

Porcelain—Raw Materials, Processing, Phase Evolution, and Mechanical Behavior

1998-01-01

William M. Carty , Udayan Senapati

Porcelain represents the foundation of the ceramics discipline and one of the most complex ceramic materials. Composed primarily of clay, feldspar, and quartz, porcelains are heat‐treated to form a mixture … Porcelain represents the foundation of the ceramics discipline and one of the most complex ceramic materials. Composed primarily of clay, feldspar, and quartz, porcelains are heat‐treated to form a mixture of glass and crystalline phases. This review focuses on raw materials, processing, heat treatment, and mechanical behavior. Because of the complexities of the porcelain system and despite the substantial amount of research already conducted within the field, there remain significant opportunities for research and study, particularly in the areas of raw material understanding, processing science, and phase and microstructure evolution.

The leaching of major and trace elements from MSWI bottom ash as a function of pH and time

2006-02-01

J.J. Dijkstra , H.A. van der Sloot , Rob N.J. Comans

An Integrated Framework for Evaluating Leaching in Waste Management and Utilization of Secondary Materials

2002-05-01

David S. Kosson , H.A. van der Sloot , Florence Sanchez +1 more

A framework for the evaluation of inorganic constituent leaching from wastes and secondary materials is presented. The framework is based on the measurement of intrinsic leaching properties of the material … A framework for the evaluation of inorganic constituent leaching from wastes and secondary materials is presented. The framework is based on the measurement of intrinsic leaching properties of the material in conjunction with mathematical modeling to estimate release under field management scenarios. Site-specific and default scenarios are considered, which may be selected based on the evaluation context. A tiered approach is provided to allow the end user to balance between the specificity of the release estimate, the amount of testing knowledge required, a priori knowledge, and resources required to complete an evaluation. Detailed test methodologies are provided for a suite of laboratory leaching tests.

Potential applications of rice husk ash waste from rice husk biomass power plant

2015-11-10

Ramchandra Pode

Rice husk/rice husk ash as an alternative source of silica in ceramics: A review

2018-10-02

Sk S. Hossain , Lakshya Mathur , P.K. Roy

Use of waste or by-products from different industries and the agricultural sector has received increasing attention in the scientific, technology, ecological, economic and social spheres in recent years. Rice husk … Use of waste or by-products from different industries and the agricultural sector has received increasing attention in the scientific, technology, ecological, economic and social spheres in recent years. Rice husk (RH) is a by-product of rice milling and rice husk ash (RHA) is generated by combustion in a separate boiler. Both RH and RHA are abundantly accessible in rice growing countries such as China, India, Brazil, the USA, and Southeast Asia. RH has therefore been recycled by burning it for energy production. This generates RHA, which contains a huge quantity (85–95%) of amorphous silica. Over the past two decades, RHA has been used extensively in numerous fields for manufacturing of different silicates, zeolites, catalysts, nanocomposite, cement, lightweight construction materials, insulators, and adsorbents. This paper presents a comprehensive overview on the processing of nano-silica from RH/RHA. It tries at the same time, to present a critical review of the application of RHA as an ingredient for the production of various ceramic materials, e.g. refractory, glass, whiteware, oxide and non-oxide ceramics, silica aerogel and SiO2/C composites. In summary, amorphous silica derived from RHA or RH provides a potential alternative to conventional silica sources (e.g. quartz) for the manufacture of value-added ceramics for practical applications.

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Review of leaching behavior of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash

2019-03-02

Hongwei Luo , Ying Cheng , Dongqin He +1 more

Progressive utilisation prospects of coal fly ash: A review

2019-03-28

Anjani R.K. Gollakota , Vikranth Volli , Chi‐Min Shu

An assessment of pH-dependent release and mobility of heavy metals from metallurgical slag

2019-10-23

Anna Król , Kamila Mizerna , Marta Bożym

The paper presents the results obtained in pHstat leaching test and assesses the influence of pH changes and occurring processes on the release of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Crtotal, Pb, … The paper presents the results obtained in pHstat leaching test and assesses the influence of pH changes and occurring processes on the release of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Crtotal, Pb, Cu and Zn) from metallurgical slag in a zinc smelter. Additionally, the analysis of the potential maximum amount of element available for leaching and releasing in the batch leaching test was carried out. All the results of the leaching tests were compared with the total content of heavy metals in the material. In order to evaluate the chemical forms of elements, a sequential extraction study was also carried out. On the basis of test results obtained in pHstat test, a strong dependence of heavy metals leaching on the pH was found. The highest concentrations of the analysed elements were observed in acidic environment. For most metals, except for lead, an increase in the pH of the solution caused a decrease in their concentration. Lead showed an upward trend of release under alkaline conditions. A sharp increase of copper leaching at pH 10.5 was also observed. Based on the results of the study, cadmium can be considered the most mobile element from metallurgical slag. Chromium indicated the lowest degree of release.

Treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: State-of-the-art technologies and future perspectives

2021-01-14

Yuying Zhang , Lei Wang , Liang Chen +4 more

Beryllium, cadmium, mercury, and exposures in the glass manufacturing industry.

1993-01-01

Strength and durability of mortar containing spent coffee grounds as a part of fine aggregate

2025-06-25

Dang-Nguyen Nguyen , Thi-Hong Mai , Van-Dung Nguyen | Ministry of Science and Technology Vietnam

Activation mechanism of iron tailings, fly ash and ceramic powder ternary solid waste admixture and enhancement of concrete preparation

2025-06-25

Qi Wang , Yannian Zhang , Jianbin Zhao +2 more | Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society

Mineral-Forming Effect of the Joint Participation of Natural Infusible Calcium Silicate and Dust-Like Silica in Ceramic Compositions

2025-06-24

Mukhtar Yendibayevich Kurbanbayev , Begen Omarovich Yessimov , В. И. Верещагин +2 more | Materials

Original compositions of electrical ceramics have been developed and tested using marshalite and wollastonite as raw materials. An analysis of the equilibrium states of the created porcelain masses at different … Original compositions of electrical ceramics have been developed and tested using marshalite and wollastonite as raw materials. An analysis of the equilibrium states of the created porcelain masses at different temperatures in Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 and K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 systems was carried out. The amount of melt in these systems was calculated based on equilibrium flux curves. The characteristics of the sintering process of the masses were identified. A scheme for the formation of key secondary needle-like mullite during the thermal treatment of the masses was outlined and the temperature intervals for the formation of intermediate compounds were found. X-ray diffraction patterns and micrographs of the synthesized samples were decoded, and the phase composition and microstructure of the samples were analyzed. The effective influence of silica component dispersion on the mineral formation processes during the sintering of the porcelain masses in model samples of feldspar compositions with quartz sand and marshalite was noted. The optimal firing temperatures for full mineral formation and structure formation have been determined, as well as the physical–mechanical and dielectric properties of the obtained ceramic samples.

Comparative study of vitrified slags derived from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and electroplating sludge as concrete aggregate replacements

2025-06-24

Yike Zhang , Zengyi Ma , Bingyi Zhang +4 more | Construction and Building Materials

Identification of Lightweight Concrete Characteristics Based on Density, Compressive Strength, and Absorbency Values with the Addition of Fly Ash and Glass Waste Aggregates

2025-06-24

Lalu M. Guguh Putraji , Dian Wijaya Kurniawidi , Lalu Sahrul Hudha | KONSTAN - JURNAL FISIKA DAN PENDIDIKAN FISIKA

Fly ash and glass waste can pose a significant environmental problem, as they cannot naturally decompose in the environment. This occurs due to the presence of pozzolan and silica in … Fly ash and glass waste can pose a significant environmental problem, as they cannot naturally decompose in the environment. This occurs due to the presence of pozzolan and silica in the waste. The purpose of this study is to categorize lightweight concrete and evaluate its properties, including density, compressive strength, and water absorption when incorporating additional fly ash and glass waste. This research uses experimental methods in the laboratory with a total of 72 samples with dimensions (25x25x50) mm in the form of blocks. Concrete samples were divided into two variations of storage duration, namely 21 days and 28 days, and given the same treatment and testing. The fly ash mixture variations used in this study were 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%, with each variation consisting of 3 samples. The results obtained in this study indicate that, when viewed in terms of age, concrete with a storage period of 28 days exhibits better quality than concrete with a 21-day storage period. Based on the density value, both 21-day-old and 28-day-old concrete samples fall within the quality category of lightweight concrete, as per category A. When viewed from the compressive strength value, 21-day-old and 28-day-old concrete are of C quality. Regarding water absorption, the best value is achieved by the concrete mix with a 20% fly ash content and an 11% water absorption rate. When compared with concrete samples that do not contain fly ash, it is known that the test results on concrete samples without fly ash (0%) have higher compressive strength and density values, and the percentage of water absorption is by SNI standards.

Orthogonal Experimental Study on Laterite Modified with Solid Waste Composites: Mechanical Properties and Modification Mechanism

2025-06-23

Wei Qiao , Bo Yue , Shengli Zhu +4 more | JOM

Characterization of High Strength Concrete‐Like Glass Ceramics Developed Using Borosilicate Waste Glass and Silicon Carbide

2025-06-23

Bidemi Omowumi Elesho , Olajide Tunmilayo Sanya , Seun Samuel Owoeye +1 more | International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science

ABSTRACT Concrete‐like materials like glasscrete, woodcrete, hempcrete, and ashcrete present alternatives to traditional concrete used for building materials. This study focused on characterizing concrete‐like glass ceramics to determine its strength … ABSTRACT Concrete‐like materials like glasscrete, woodcrete, hempcrete, and ashcrete present alternatives to traditional concrete used for building materials. This study focused on characterizing concrete‐like glass ceramics to determine its strength for applications where compressive stress and other harsh factors are prevalent. Glass ceramics was developed by combining borosilicate waste glass obtained from laboratory ware with silicon carbide. Which was processed, analyzed, and mixed in three different percentage variation: 60:40, 70:30, and 90:10. The mixed batches were compacted into shapes of tiles and fired at 900°C and the glass ceramics were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and property test like compression strength and water absorption were carried out. The resultant glass ceramics indicated a major presence of mullite crystalline phase and a glassy phase, also the property tests showed that the glass ceramics produced exhibit better properties than materials like traditional concrete used for building applications like pavements.

Clinker mineral formation and thermal decomposition of calcium carbonates in carbonated tobermorites: Mechanism of CO2 release in low-temperature ranges

2025-06-23

Ryusei IGAMI , Go Igarashi , Abudushalamu Aili +3 more | Cement and Concrete Research

Experimental Study on Use of Fly Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete

2025-06-22

Santosh Kumar , Anuj Verma | International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

Differentiation of the evolutive behavior of facades degradation in ceramic cladding

2025-06-21

Ana Luiza Rocha de Souza , Elton Bauer | Construction and Building Materials

Integrated management of ferrochrome slag: Metal recovery, Cr(VI) stabilization, and sustainable reuse in construction materials

2025-06-21

Ankit Kumar Tripathi , S. Das , Syed Mohammed Mustakim +2 more | Journal of Environmental Management

Effect of nano-glass powder addition as an eco-friendly raw materials for bricks under elevated temperature

2025-06-21

Rawaa Jabbar Hussein , Dalya H. Hameed | Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation

Laser-Induced Surface Vitrification for the Sustainable Stabilization of Copper Tailings

2025-06-20

César Sáez‐Navarrete , Xavier Baraza , Jorge Ramos‐Grez +3 more | Sustainability

This study introduces CO2 laser surface vitrification as an innovative method for managing copper mining tailings, offering a sustainable solution to critical challenges in mineral processing. This technique transforms tailings … This study introduces CO2 laser surface vitrification as an innovative method for managing copper mining tailings, offering a sustainable solution to critical challenges in mineral processing. This technique transforms tailings into a stable and impermeable layer, immobilizing hazardous metals contained within them. By achieving vitrification at the surface level and operating at temperatures around 1200 °C, the process significantly reduces energy consumption compared to traditional vitrification methods, making it suitable for large-scale applications in remote mining sites. Detailed geochemical and mechanical analyses confirmed the formation of a dense vitreous matrix with high hardness (7.19–7.48 GPa) and reduced permeability, ensuring compliance with stringent environmental regulations. However, the brittle nature of the vitrified layer underscores the need for further research to enhance mechanical resilience. This work positions CO2 laser vitrification as a transformative approach for integrating energy-efficient technologies into mineral processing, addressing key environmental concerns while advancing the sustainable management of mining waste.

Investigation of the Properties of Low Water-to-Solid Ratio Vibro-Press-Formed Alkali-Activated Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom-Ash Concrete

2025-06-20

Gintautas Tamošaitis , Danutė Vaičiukynienė , Diāna Bajāre | Materials

This work focuses on the use of municipal waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI) for the development and production of products suitable for use as construction products. The generation of these … This work focuses on the use of municipal waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI) for the development and production of products suitable for use as construction products. The generation of these ashes is increasing every year due to the incineration of municipal waste. There are currently three incineration plants operating in major cities in Lithuania. The non-hazardous bottom ash remaining from the incineration process is stored in dedicated sorting and aging sites until it is used as an inert form of aggregate for the installation of road foundations. However, it has been observed that these ashes have a tendency to bind and cement when exposed to atmospheric precipitation at the storage site. Based on this characteristic, it was decided in this study to use alkaline activation of the ash to accelerate the bonding process and to create a dense, non-porous composite concrete structure. This activation method is known to create another problem during ash bonding, where the presence of metallic aluminum particles in the ash leads to the release of hydrogen gas and makes the structure of the cured samples porous. For the purposes of the study, it was decided to create a completely different mixture structure and not to use additional water in the mixtures tested. A very low water/solids ratio (W/S) of <0.08 was used for the alkaline activation of the mixtures. All the water required for ash activation was obtained from sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution. Metakaolin waste (MKW) was used to adjust the SiO2/Na2O/Al2O3 ratio of the mixtures. Vibro-pressing was used to form and increase the density of the samples. And for the formation of the concrete structure, 0/4 fraction sand was used as aggregate. The final alkali-activated sample obtained had properties similar to those of the very widely used vibro-pressed cementitious paving tiles and did not exhibit hydrogen evolution during alkali activation due to the very low W/S ratio. The best results were achieved by samples with a highest compressive strength of 40.0 MPa and a tensile strength of 5.60 MPa, as well as a density of 1950 kg/m3. It is believed that this alkaline activation and vibro-pressing method can expand the use of MSWI ash in the development of building products.

Development and Mechanical Analysis of Geopolymers Formed with Mining Residue and Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Obtained After the Neutralisation Stage

2025-06-19

Antonia Terrones-Saeta , Juan María Terrones-Saeta , Jorge Suárez-Macías +2 more | Polymers

Renewable energy sources are presented as a key solution to today's energy needs, but they also generate waste that can have a negative impact on the environment. In particular, fly … Renewable energy sources are presented as a key solution to today's energy needs, but they also generate waste that can have a negative impact on the environment. In particular, fly ash from the incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), classified as hazardous by European regulations, is often deposited in landfills due to its lack of usefulness. This research proposes its valorisation in geopolymers, combining it with mining to create a sustainable material with a high industrial waste content. Firstly, all the wastes involved were characterised, which allowed for the development of a high-quality geopolymer from mining residue activated with 5% NaOH. This material was enriched with up to 50% fly ash (in increasing percentages) with the aim of making it inert, retaining it in the geopolymer matrix, and observing its effect on the final material. The physical and mechanical properties of the geopolymers obtained were evaluated, demonstrating that they do not produce contaminating leachates. The results indicate the feasibility of developing a geopolymer with up to 20% fly ash, obtaining a building material comparable to traditional ceramics, suitable for commercialisation, with a lower environmental impact and in line with the principles of the circular economy.

Correction: What role do luting cements play in zirconia crown survival?

2025-06-19

Reanna Craig , Gerald McKenna | Evidence-Based Dentistry

Comprehensive evaluation on the properties of blended cement containing calcined paper sludge

2025-06-19

Mohammed K. H. Radwan , Farooq Ahmed Athar , Jerome Song Yeo +4 more | Materials and Structures

Alkali-Activated CO2-Capturing Backfill Material for Coal Mining Incorporating Municipal Solid Waste Incinerated Bottom Ash

2025-06-18

Guolan Dou , Tian Zhang , Gen Liu +1 more | ACS Omega

The dissolution of fly ashes in undersaturated alkaline solutions

2025-06-18

Yujia Min , Lisa Burris | Cement and Concrete Research

Pavements through waste valorization: Municipal Solid Waste Incinerated – Bottom Ash (MSWI-BA) as viable fine aggregate alternative

2025-06-18

Sachin Gowda , Vaishakh Kunjar , Aakash Gupta +1 more | Environmental Science and Pollution Research

A holistic approach and frame work to optimized fly ash cement brick production integrating technical, life cycle cost and environmental life cycle assessment

2025-06-18

Mohammed Rihan Maaze | Cleaner Materials

Eco-bricks reinvented: transforming coal mine overburden and fly ash into sustainable building solutions

2025-06-18

Sanskar S. Dhodare , Nivedita Gogate , Ramesh Dod | Innovative Infrastructure Solutions

Generating Bricks from Clay and Vestige Paddy Straw

2025-06-18

Ritesh Kumar Jain , Jaspal Singh , Satinder Kaur Khattra | Journal of Scientific Research and Reports

The utilization of waste products as partial replacements for clay in brick manufacturing not only helps mitigate the excessive usage of clay but also addresses the pressing issue of waste … The utilization of waste products as partial replacements for clay in brick manufacturing not only helps mitigate the excessive usage of clay but also addresses the pressing issue of waste management. The exploration of alternative materials for brick production, including waste products such as paddy straw, represents a significant step towards sustainable construction practices. In fields, paddy straw is frequently burned, which pollutes the air. Making bricks with it aids in the sustainable management of this agricultural waste. By integrating paddy straw, along with other waste materials, into the brick production process, has the potential to create bricks of satisfactory quality while promoting environmental sustainability. An inventive and sustainable method of producing bricks that solves a number of environmental and financial concerns is to combine clay and leftover paddy straw. The optimum replacement level of up to 24% paddy straw in brick production, as identified in study, underscores the importance of careful experimentation and analysis to determine the ideal composition for achieving desirable outcomes. Moreover, the successful incorporation of paddy straw in brick manufacturing offers multiple benefits, including reducing environmental pollution, conserving natural resources, and potentially lowering production costs. As sustainable construction practices gain momentum globally, innovative approaches like this contribute to advancing the transition towards more eco-friendly building materials The findings from the effect of incorporating paddy straw in brick manufacturing are promising and contribute to the body of knowledge surrounding eco-friendly building materials.

Phosphogypsum composite cement-based permeable bricks: optimization of mix design, performance evaluation, and environmental impact

2025-06-18

Lin Yu , Chao‐qiang Wang , Cheng-kui Liu | Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

Mechanochemical treatment of incinerated municipal bottom ash in CO2-rich environment for sustainable waste management practices

2025-06-17

Mostafa H. Sliem , Mohammad R. Irshidat , Mohammad K. Hassan +2 more | Journal of Environmental Management

Engineering and Durability Properties of Sustainable Bricks Incorporating Lime Kiln Dust, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, and Tyre Rubber Wastes

2025-06-17

Joy Ayankop Oke , Hossam Abuel-Naga | Buildings

This study explores the potential of using sustainable materials in brick manufacturing by designing a novel brick mix in the laboratory, incorporating sand, lime kiln dust (LKD) waste, tyre rubber, … This study explores the potential of using sustainable materials in brick manufacturing by designing a novel brick mix in the laboratory, incorporating sand, lime kiln dust (LKD) waste, tyre rubber, and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) waste. These cementless bricks blended LKD–GGBFS wastes as the binder agent and fine crumb rubber from waste tyres as a partial replacement for sand in measured increments of 0%, 5%, and 10% by volume of sand. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and fired clay bricks were sourced from the industry, and their properties were compared to those of the laboratory bricks. Tests performed on the industry and laboratory bricks included compressive strength (CS), freeze-thaw (F-T), and water absorption (WA) tests for comparison purposes. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were performed on the bricks to assess the morphological and mineralogical changes responsible for the observed strengths and durability. The CS and WA values of the engineered bricks were 12, 6, and 4 MPa, and 7, 12, and 15%, respectively, for 0, 5, and 10% crumb rubber replacements. The industry bricks’ average CS and WA values were 13 MPa and 8%, respectively. From the results obtained, the green laboratory bricks passed the minimum strength requirements for load-bearing and non-load-bearing bricks, which can be used to construct small houses. Lastly, the engineered bricks demonstrated strength and durability properties comparable to those of the industry-standard bricks, indicating their potential as a sustainable alternative to help divert waste from landfills, reduce the pressure on natural fine sand extraction, and support eco-conscious brick production for a sustainable environment.

Effect of temperature on microstructure and performance of lightweight aggregate prepared from steel mill sludge and fly ash

2025-06-17

Shuhua Geng , Shuixin Ye , Tiehua Cao +3 more | Ironmaking & Steelmaking Processes Products and Applications

The effect of sintering temperature on the characteristics of lightweight aggregate made from steel mill sludge and fly ash by one step was studied. Lightweight aggregates made from fly ash … The effect of sintering temperature on the characteristics of lightweight aggregate made from steel mill sludge and fly ash by one step was studied. Lightweight aggregates made from fly ash and steel mill sludge mixed at a ratio of 8:2 sintered at 1050, 1100, 1150 and 1200 o C were characterised by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction to analyse the microstructure evolution mechanism and its effect on performance. The attained lightweight aggregate has a compressive strength of 4.0 MPa, a bulk density of 721 kg m −3 and water absorption of 12.6%. With the increase of sintering temperature, the surface of aggregate becomes denser, and there are abundant closed pores inside. This structure ensures the performance of a high compressive strength, low water absorption and low bulk density of aggregate. The major mineral phases are quartz (SiO 2 )，anorthite (CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 ), mullite (Al 6 Si 2 O 13 ) and hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) when temperature was between 1100 and 1200 o C. The needle-shape mullite interlaced into a network structure on the anorthite matrix, which greatly enhanced the strength of the lightweight aggregate. This study demonstrates that the sintering temperature is one of key factors to determine the performances of lightweight aggregate, and the best sintering temperature is 1150 o C.

Fabrication and Mechanical Testing of Eco-friendly bricks using Fly Ash and Marble Dust as a Partial Cement Replacements

2025-06-17

N.P. Aditya | International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology

This study focuses on the fabrication and testing of eco-friendly bricks using fly ash and marble dust as partial replacements for cement. These industrial waste materials were used in varying … This study focuses on the fabrication and testing of eco-friendly bricks using fly ash and marble dust as partial replacements for cement. These industrial waste materials were used in varying proportions (10%, 20%, and 30%) to evaluate their effects on the strength and durability of the bricks. A control mix with 100% cement was also prepared for comparison. All brick samples were cast, cured, and tested for compressive strength, water absorption, and density. The results showed that up to 20% replacement achieved comparable or better strength than conventional bricks while improving sustainability and reducing cost. This study highlights the potential of using fly ash and marble dust in construction as a step toward greener and more efficient building practices.

Removal of soluble chlorides and valorization of incineration bottom ash through alkali fusion and hydrothermal techniques

2025-06-17

Yi-Jie Lin , Hao Luo , Jyh-Cherng Chen | Waste Management & Research The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy

Improving the removal of chloride as well as the quality and application value of products is crucial for the practical treatment and utilization of waste incineration bottom ash. This research … Improving the removal of chloride as well as the quality and application value of products is crucial for the practical treatment and utilization of waste incineration bottom ash. This research innovatively employed alkali fusion and hydrothermal techniques to achieve these objectives simultaneously and compared with traditional methods. Additionally, the effects of different parameters and the optimal operating conditions were identified and the characteristics of synthetic zeolite were examined. Experimental results demonstrated that waste incineration bottom ash is highly alkaline and contains 0.97% of soluble chlorides. Traditional leaching and washing methods achieved chloride removal efficiencies ranging from 82% to 91%; however, residual chloride levels in the bottom ash still exceeded acceptable limits for reusing as alternative construction materials. Using alkali fusion and hydrothermal technologies can significantly reduce soluble chlorides to below 0.02% and achieving nearly 100% removal efficiency while also producing high-quality zeolites from incineration bottom ash. The optimal operational conditions were identified as a silica-to-aluminium ratio of 20, an alkali/ash ratio of 2.0, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 150 and a hydrothermal time of 24 hours. The resulting synthetic zeolite was identified as ZSM-23 and exhibited favourable properties suitable for various applications, featuring a specific surface area of up to 853.19 m 2 g −1 . The findings demonstrate that alkali fusion and hydrothermal techniques is a superior alternative method for the treatment and utilization of waste incineration bottom ash, which has multiple functions, benefits and development potential.

First Test and Characterizations on Urban Glass Waste with Waste-Derived Carbon Fiber Treated to Realize Foam Glass for Possible Construction Applications

2025-06-17

Zakim Hussain , Seyed Mostafa Nouri , Matteo Sambucci +1 more | Ceramics

Urban glass waste is a significant by-product of residential areas, while scrap carbon fiber is a prevalent industrial by-product. This study explores an innovative approach to valorize these materials by … Urban glass waste is a significant by-product of residential areas, while scrap carbon fiber is a prevalent industrial by-product. This study explores an innovative approach to valorize these materials by producing foam glass (FG) for versatile applications, particularly in construction. A key challenge in FG production is enhancing its properties to meet increasingly stringent application-specific standards. The properties of FG are intrinsically linked to its porous structure, which depends on factors such as the foaming process. The oxidation of carbon fibers at high temperatures can induce a foaming effect, creating a porous matrix in the glass. This research investigates the effect of powdered recycled carbon fiber (PRCF)—an alternative method for recovering waste carbon fiber as a foaming agent for FG. PRCF was added at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by mass relative to powdered waste glass. Increasing PRCF content enhanced foaming and improved porosity, with total porosity rising from 47.18% at 0.5% PRCF to 65.54% at 1.5% PRCF, accompanied by a 50% reduction in compressive strength and a 68% decrease in thermal conductivity. The results demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale FG production with enhanced properties, achieved without substantial additional investment and by recovering two waste materials. This process supports sustainable development by promoting waste valorization and advancing circular economy principles.

Influence of Ca2Mg2Al28O46 on the lightweight and corrosion resistance of corundum–spinel–calcium aluminate refractory

2025-06-16

Yuchi Liu , Jing Ma , Chongqian Wang +7 more | International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology

Abstract Following the comminution of the in‐house synthesized Ca 2 Mg 2 Al 28 O 46 (C 2 M 2 A 14 ), it was utilized as an aggregate in … Abstract Following the comminution of the in‐house synthesized Ca 2 Mg 2 Al 28 O 46 (C 2 M 2 A 14 ), it was utilized as an aggregate in the formulation of lightweight corundum–spinel–calcium aluminate refractories. The performance of the lightweight refractory, produced with varying particle sizes and proportions of C 2 M 2 A 14 , was systematically evaluated through phase composition analysis, microstructural observations, and thermodynamic calculations. Furthermore, an investigation was conducted on the corrosion behavior of various phases within the in‐house synthesized C 2 M 2 A 14 aggregate and cement materials to evaluate the influence of C 2 M 2 A 14 on the corrosion resistance of lightweight corundum–spinel–calcium aluminate refractories. The findings indicate that C 2 M 2 A 14 undergoes further decomposition during the firing process, resulting in a decrease in the bulk density of the refractory. Moreover, the presence of calcium aluminate phases within C 2 M 2 A 14 is identified as the primary factor contributing to its resistance to corrosion from cement materials.

Immobilisation of soil cadmium and lead by an integrated approach of SICP and absorbent additives

2025-06-16

Yuchen Wang , Mingdong Li , Shiai Zhang +2 more | Environmental Geotechnics

The combined effects of various soil additives and soybean urease-induced carbonate precipitation (SICP) on soil heavy metal immobilisation remain poorly understood. This study aims to immobilise the soil cadmium (Cd) … The combined effects of various soil additives and soybean urease-induced carbonate precipitation (SICP) on soil heavy metal immobilisation remain poorly understood. This study aims to immobilise the soil cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using the SICP technique in combination with various additives, as well as to determine their optimal application dosages. Three additional additives (i.e. porous silicon, coconut shell biochar, and sorbitol) were examined. Among the three additives, coconut shell biochar combined with SICP showed the most significant improvement in the immobilisation of soil cadmium. With an optimal mixing ratio of 10% (by mass), the content of cadmium in the exchangeable state was reduced by 41% compared with the SICP-only group, and the Cd leaching concentration decreased by 45%. In the case of lead-contaminated soils, sorbitol combined with SICP yielded the most significant enhancement. An optimal dosing of 1% (by mass) reduced the lead content in the exchangeable state by 66% and the leaching concentration by 45% compared with the SICP-only group. This was attributed to the ability of sorbitol as a nucleating agent to provide additional carbonate binding sites for the formation of carbonate precipitates with lead ions. This study provides valuable experimental data and guidance for heavy metal immobilisation in contaminated sites.

Competitive effects and environmental factors driving heavy metal leaching in stabilized municipal solid waste incineration fly ash under extreme conditions

2025-06-16

Ze Zhang , Yang Yu , Yi Rao +7 more | Journal of Hazardous Materials

Physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of agromarine waste ash

2025-06-16

Obinna Onyebuchi Barah , Milon Selvam Dennison , Stephen Ndubuisi Nnamchi +2 more | Discover Materials

Transforming waste into value: High-performance hollow fiber adsorbents from municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash

2025-06-14

Chiou-Liang Lin , Zi-Yu Chen , Zhen‐Shu Liu | Waste Management

This study pioneers a novel approach to valorize municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (IBA) by synthesizing high-performance hollow fiber adsorbents. A combined phase inversion and sintering method was employed, … This study pioneers a novel approach to valorize municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (IBA) by synthesizing high-performance hollow fiber adsorbents. A combined phase inversion and sintering method was employed, systematically investigating the influence of key synthesis parameters (IBA content, ball milling, spinneret diameter, solution flow rates, and sintering temperature) on the resulting fiber morphology and performance. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized hollow fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Optimal synthesis conditions were identified: a spinning solution of IBA, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and polyethersulfone (PESf) in a 50:44:1.4:4.6 wt ratio, ball-milled for homogeneity, extruded through a 3 mm spinneret at 7 mL/min, and sintered at 1150 °C. The resulting hollow fibers exhibited a well-defined concentric circular structure with finger-like inner and outer layers and a dense sponge-like middle layer. The adsorption performance of these novel adsorbents was evaluated using Acid Blue 93 (AB93) as a model pollutant, achieving an adsorption capacity of 192.8 ± 2.1 mg/g with a removal efficiency of 96.4 ± 1.05 % under specific conditions. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the existence of Ca(OH)2 in the ash, which enabled a reduction in the sintering temperature to 1150 °C, thereby lowering energy consumption and production cost. This work demonstrates the feasibility of converting incinerator bottom ash into valuable adsorbent materials, offering a sustainable waste management solution.

Development of a Nonconventional First-Class Fly Ash Brick and Evaluation of Its Mechanical and Durability Properties

2025-06-13

Monalisa Priyadarshini , Goutam Mondal , Suresh R. Dash | Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering

Development of hydration potential in CFBC bottom ash activated by MSWI fly ash: Depolymerization and repolymerization during long-term reactions

2025-06-13

Jia Li , Pingfeng Fu , Siqi Zhang +3 more | Construction and Building Materials

Low carbon biochar amended fly ash–cement building blocks: Assessment of metal leaching scenarios

2025-06-13

Sai Praneeth , Sanandam Bordoloi , Ajit K. Sarmah | Biochar

Abstract Demolition cementitious waste poses significant environmental challenges at the end of its lifecycle. To address this, fly ash (FA), a highly leachable material and a supplementary cementitious material, was … Abstract Demolition cementitious waste poses significant environmental challenges at the end of its lifecycle. To address this, fly ash (FA), a highly leachable material and a supplementary cementitious material, was combined with biochar (BC) to produce eco-friendly mortar bricks with reduced carbon emissions and contaminant leaching. BC was incorporated at 2%, 4%, and 6% by weight, and the resulting blocks achieved compressive strengths of 8–12 MPa after 28 days, meeting Eurocode 6 standards for use in harsh conditions. Leaching tests under synthetic precipitation showed reductions in Al, Se, Ba, and Cr concentrations by 72%, 48%, 58%, and 53%, respectively, with 6% BC. While Al remained above drinking water limits, Cr levels dropped below limits when BC exceeded 4%. Leaching followed typical pH-dependent behaviour: Al exhibited an amphoteric trend, and Cr showed an oxyanionic trend, with minimal leaching at neutral pH. This study highlights the role of BC in reducing leaching potential in cementitious composites and provides critical data for geochemical modelling in sustainable demolition waste management systems. Graphical Abstract

Textile waste management and its sustainability: a review

2025-06-12

J. Lee , Chung Hee Park , Changsang Yun +1 more | Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management

Experimental investigation on utilization of rice husk ash and fly ash in rigid pavement

2025-06-08

| ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

This study primarily focuses on the Utilization of rice husk ash and fly ash as partial replacement in traditional cement in rigid pavement construction. Various Proportions of Fly ash (5%, … This study primarily focuses on the Utilization of rice husk ash and fly ash as partial replacement in traditional cement in rigid pavement construction. Various Proportions of Fly ash (5%, 10%, 15%) and Rice Husk ash (5%, 10%, 15%) were incorporated into cement mixtures. The targeted mechanical properties, which are compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at prescribed number of days required which were assessed through standardized tests. The mix with a 10:10 ratio of rice husk ash and fly ash was cast, and the cubes were kept in the curing tank for 7, 14, and 28 days to check the compressive strength as per the testing Process. Next, the mix ratio of 10:10 with rice husk ash and fly ash, which were used to cast the prisms and were kept in the curing tank for 28, 56 days to check their Tensile strength as per the testing process. The next ratio of 10:10 with Rice husk ash and fly ash will be applicable for the cylinders and will be placed in the curing tank for 28, 56 days to check its required strength. The next ratio of 5:15 with rice husk ash and fly ash was then used to cast cubes and was placed in the curing tank. The various proportions of collected material’s replacement partially in the cement will be used to promote both environmental benefits as well as economic feasibility. The ratio of 5:15 rice husk ash and fly ash will be used as proportions in both Prisms and Cylinders, so it can be checked for the vast amount of cementitious content with the different materials as mentioned. Then, the last ratio of 15:5 with rice husk ash and fly ash, which were used to cast all specimens (cubes, prisms, cylinders) at per required days as mentioned above for different ratios.