Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry

Petroleum Processing and Analysis

Works Count: 56899

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on advances in petroleum chemistry and analysis, with a particular emphasis on the characterization of complex petroleum components such as asphaltenes and naphthenic acids. The use of mass spectrometry for detailed chemical analysis, biodegradation studies, nanoaggregation behavior, and the impact of these components on oil sands and heavy oil are also key areas of research.

Keywords

Petroleum; Asphaltenes; Naphthenic Acids; Mass Spectrometry; Oil Sands; Biodegradation; Nanoaggregation; Wax Deposition; Heavy Oil; Chemical Characterization

PVT and Phase Behaviour of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids

1998-01-01

Ali Danesh

Handbook of thermal analysis and calorimetry

1998-01-01

P.K. Gallagher

A review of treating oily wastewater

2013-07-25

Yu Li , Mei Han , Fang He

Petroleum refining unavoidably generates large volumes of oily wastewater. The environmentally acceptable disposal of oily wastewater is a current challenge to the petroleum industry. Nowadays, more attention has been focused … Petroleum refining unavoidably generates large volumes of oily wastewater. The environmentally acceptable disposal of oily wastewater is a current challenge to the petroleum industry. Nowadays, more attention has been focused on the treatment techniques of oily wastewater. Therefore, oily wastewater treatment has become an urgent problem, and it must be explored and resolved by every oilfield and petroleum company. The development status of treatment methods was summarized from six aspects, which contains flotation, coagulation, biological treatment, membrane separation technology, combined technology and advanced oxidation process. Finally, the development and prospect of treating oily wastewater was predicted.

Process water treatment in Canada’s oil sands industry: I. Target pollutants and treatment objectives

2008-03-01

Erik W. Allen

Process water treatment has become a critical issue for Canada’s oil sands industry. Continuous recycling of tailings pond water (TPW) has contributed to a decline in water quality that has … Process water treatment has become a critical issue for Canada’s oil sands industry. Continuous recycling of tailings pond water (TPW) has contributed to a decline in water quality that has consequences for bitumen recovery, water consumption, and reclamation efforts. Potential roles for water treatment were assessed through a review of process water quality and toxicity data from two long-term oil sands operations. Target pollutants were identified according to exceedances of environmental and industrial water quality guidelines. From 1980 to 2001, the salinity of TPW increased at a rate of 75 mg/L per year. Recent increases in hardness, sulphate, chloride, and ammonia have raised concerns over scaling and corrosion. Naphthenic acids released during bitumen extraction are the primary source of toxicity in TPW. Biodegradation of naphthenic acids has been demonstrated in pond experiments;; however, recalcitrant compounds may contribute to chronic toxicity in reclaimed environments. Water treatment objectives established in this review provide benchmarks for the selection of candidate water treatment technologies.

Crude-Oil Emulsions: A State-Of-The-Art Review

2005-02-15

Sunil Kokal

Summary The formation of emulsions during oil production is a costly problem, both in terms of chemicals used and production lost. This paper discusses production and operational problems related to … Summary The formation of emulsions during oil production is a costly problem, both in terms of chemicals used and production lost. This paper discusses production and operational problems related to crude-oil emulsions and presents a review that will be useful for practicing engineers. The first part of this paper presents why emulsions form during oil production, the types of emulsions encountered, and new methods for characterizing them. Crude-oil emulsions are stabilized by rigid interfacial films that form a "skin" on water droplets and prevent the droplets from coalescing. The stability of these interfacial films, and hence, the stability of the emulsions, depends on a number of factors, including the heavy material in the crude oil (e.g., asphaltenes, resins, and waxes), solids (e.g., clays, scales, and corrosion products), temperature, droplet size and droplet-size distribution, pH, and oil and brine composition. The effects of these factors on emulsion stability are reviewed within this paper. The second part of this paper presents methods to tackle crude-oil emulsions. The focus is on the destabilization of emulsions and the demulsification process. Emulsions are destabilized by increasing temperature and residence time, removal of solids, and controlling emulsifiers. The mechanisms involved in demulsification (e.g., flocculation, aggregation, sedimentation, creaming, and coalescence) are discussed in terms of the stability of the interfacial films. The methods involved in demulsification—including thermal, mechanical, electrical, and chemical are also presented. Experience and economics determine which methods are used, and to what degree, for emulsion treatment. Finally, a section on field applications also is included that should be useful for the practicing engineer who deals with emulsions either regularly or on a limited basis. Herein the field-emulsion treatment program is discussed, and more importantly, methods to prevent emulsion problems are highlighted. Recommendations are made for reducing and optimizing demulsifier dosage and controlling emulsion problems.

La pyrolyse Rock-Eval et ses applications. Deuxième partie.

1985-11-01

J. Espitalié , G. Deroo , F. Marquis

Conçue pour répondre aux besoins de l'exploration pétrolière, la méthode de pyrolyse Rock-Eval est maintenant largement utilisée. Elle fournit, en effet, et d'une façon rapide, différentes informations sur le contenu … Conçue pour répondre aux besoins de l'exploration pétrolière, la méthode de pyrolyse Rock-Eval est maintenant largement utilisée. Elle fournit, en effet, et d'une façon rapide, différentes informations sur le contenu organique des roches, telles que le potentiel pétrolier des séries rencontrées, la nature des kérogènes, leur état de maturation. En ce qui concerne le matériel, deux nouvelles versions ont été mises au point à l'Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP) depuis l'apparition en 1977 des premiers appareils Rock-Eval : un Rock-Eval II complètement automatisé grâce à un microprocesseur et doté, en option, d'un module de dosage du carbone organique; un Rock-Eval III (Oil Show Analyzer) qui se distingue du précédent par le fait qu'il analyse séparément le gaz et l'huile et qu'il effectue le dosage du carbone organique à la place du pic S3. En ce qui concerne l'interprétation de la méthode, l'expérience acquise tant par les applications aux bassins sédimentaires que par les études expérimentales menées en laboratoire a permis de mieux connaître les paramètres utilisés (pics S1, S2, S3, température de pyrolyse Tmax) à travers leurs variations et, de là, de mieux discerner les limites d'application de la méthode. En ce qui concerne l'application de la méthode, la représentation verticale des résultats sous forme de logs géochimiques conduit à une interprétation à la fois efficace et pratique. Des abaques et des diagrammes de référence permettent de caractériser les roches mères (potentiels pétroliers, types de matière organique, degré d'évolution, altérations. . . ) ainsi que les phénomènes de migration. L'établissement de cartes géochimiques à l'échelle du bassin devient alors possible. Enfin la méthode est sortie du domaine de l'exploration pétrolière proprement dite pour trouver des applications à l'étude des charbons, des roches bitumineuses, des sédiments récents et même aux techniques du raffinage et de la récupération secondaire des bruts.

Influence of Temperature and Pressure on Asphaltene Flocculation

1984-06-01

A. Hirschberg , L. N. J. deJong , B.A. Schipper +1 more

Abstract A thermodynamic liquid model has been developed to describe the behavior of asphalt and asphaltenes in reservoir crudes upon changes in pressure, temperature, or composition. Asphaltene solubility properties used … Abstract A thermodynamic liquid model has been developed to describe the behavior of asphalt and asphaltenes in reservoir crudes upon changes in pressure, temperature, or composition. Asphaltene solubility properties used as input to the model may be obtained from titration experiments on tank oil. High-pressure flocculation experiments confirm the potential of the model. The model appears to be well applicable to conditions at which asphaltenes are associated with resins. The model may be used to identify field conditions where asphalt or asphaltene precipitation will occur.

Asphaltene Molecular Size and Structure

1999-11-09

Henning Groenzin , Oliver C. Mullins

The rotational correlation times of individual asphaltene molecules have been determined using fluorescence depolarization techniques, addressing an active, long-standing controversy. Using simple theoretical models and using model-independent comparisons with known … The rotational correlation times of individual asphaltene molecules have been determined using fluorescence depolarization techniques, addressing an active, long-standing controversy. Using simple theoretical models and using model-independent comparisons with known chromophores, a range of asphaltene molecular diameters is obtained of 10−20 Å. Comparison with corresponding data of known chromophores indicates a molecular mass for asphaltene molecules of 500−1000 amu. Furthermore, we have performed the first direct measurement correlating molecular size with constituent chromophore size; we establish that the bulk of asphaltene molecules possess 1 or 2 (aromatic) chromophores per molecule. Similar results are found for the largest aromatic molecules of the de-asphaltened crude oil.

Oil spill identification

1999-05-01

Zhendi Wang , Merv Fingas , David S. Page

Classification, structure, genesis and practical importance of natural solid oil bitumen (“migrabitumen”)

1989-02-01

H. Jacob

Comparison by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of different ageing techniques: application to road bitumens

2001-03-01

J. Lamontagne , P. Dumas , Virginie Mouillet +1 more

Effects of Asphaltene Solvency on Stability of Water-in-Crude-Oil Emulsions

1997-05-01

Joseph D. McLean , Peter K. Kilpatrick

Petroleomics: Chemistry of the underworld

2008-10-04

Alan G. Marshall , Ryan P. Rodgers

Each different molecular elemental composition-e.g., C(c)H(h)N(n)O(o)S(s)-has a different exact mass. With sufficiently high mass resolving power (m/Deltam(50%) approximately 400,000, in which m is molecular mass and Deltam(50%) is the mass … Each different molecular elemental composition-e.g., C(c)H(h)N(n)O(o)S(s)-has a different exact mass. With sufficiently high mass resolving power (m/Deltam(50%) approximately 400,000, in which m is molecular mass and Deltam(50%) is the mass spectral peak width at half-maximum peak height) and mass accuracy (<300 ppb) up to approximately 800 Da, now routinely available from high-field (>/=9.4 T) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, it is possible to resolve and identify uniquely and simultaneously each of the thousands of elemental compositions from the most complex natural organic mixtures, including petroleum crude oil. It is thus possible to separate and sort petroleum components according to their heteroatom class (N(n)O(o)S(s)), double bond equivalents (DBE = number of rings plus double bonds involving carbon, because each ring or double bond results in a loss of two hydrogen atoms), and carbon number. "Petroleomics" is the characterization of petroleum at the molecular level. From sufficiently complete characterization of the organic composition of petroleum and its products, it should be possible to correlate (and ultimately predict) their properties and behavior. Examples include molecular mass distribution, distillation profile, characterization of specific fractions without prior extraction or wet chemical separation from the original bulk material, biodegradation, maturity, water solubility (and oil:water emulsion behavior), deposits in oil wells and refineries, efficiency and specificity of catalytic hydroprocessing, "heavy ends" (asphaltenes) analysis, corrosion, etc.

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The Modified Yen Model

2010-01-19

Oliver C. Mullins

Asphaltenes, the most aromatic of the heaviest components of crude oil, are critical to all aspects of petroleum use, including production, transportation, refining, upgrading, and heavy-end use in paving and … Asphaltenes, the most aromatic of the heaviest components of crude oil, are critical to all aspects of petroleum use, including production, transportation, refining, upgrading, and heavy-end use in paving and coating materials. As such, efficiency in these diverse disciplines mandates proper chemical accounting of structure−function relations of crude oils and asphaltenes, the vision of petroleomics (Asphaltenes, Heavy Oils and Petroleomics; Mullins, O. C., Sheu, E. Y., Hammami, A., Marshall, A. G., Eds.; Springer: New York, 2007). Indeed, the molecular characterization of asphaltenes is required as well as the detailed understanding of the hierarchical colloidal structures of asphaltenes and petroleum. With great prescience, Professor Teh Fu Yen and co-workers proposed a hierarchical model of asphaltenes to account for many of their characteristics known at that time (Dickie, J. P.; Yen, T. F. Macrostrucutres of asphaltic fractions by various instrumental methods. Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 1847−1852). This model is rightfully known as the Yen model. Nevertheless, at the time the Yen model was formulated, there were many order-of-magnitude uncertainties in asphaltene science that precluded establishing structure−function relations and causality, thereby rendering the Yen model somewhat phenomenological. Petroleum science has advanced greatly in recent years enabling development of a much more specific model yet still based on precepts of the Yen model; we call this the "modified Yen model". The modified Yen model is shown to account for wide ranging, myriad properties of asphaltenes, including their dynamics. In addition, the modified Yen model has even proven successful for understanding interfacial phenomena involving asphaltenes. Moreover, the modified Yen model accounts for fundamental observations in oil reservoirs and is now propelling significantly improved efficiency in oil production. The modified Yen model is a simple, yet powerful construct that provides the foundation to test future developments in asphaltene and petroleum science; refinement of the modified Yen model is an expected outcome of this process.

Investigation of the Structure of Petroleum Asphaltenes by X-Ray Diffraction

1961-10-01

Teh Fu Yen , J. Gordon Erdman , S. S. Pollack

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigation of the Structure of Petroleum Asphaltenes by X-Ray DiffractionTeh Fu. Yen, J. G. Erdman, and S. S. PollackCite this: Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 11, 1587–1594Publication Date … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigation of the Structure of Petroleum Asphaltenes by X-Ray DiffractionTeh Fu. Yen, J. G. Erdman, and S. S. PollackCite this: Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 11, 1587–1594Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60179a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60179a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1952Altmetric-Citations519LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Macrostructures of the asphaltic fractions by various instrumental methods

1967-12-01

John P. Dickie , Teh Fu Yen

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMacrostructures of the asphaltic fractions by various instrumental methodsJohn P. Dickie and Teh Fu. YenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 14, 1847–1852Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMacrostructures of the asphaltic fractions by various instrumental methodsJohn P. Dickie and Teh Fu. YenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 14, 1847–1852Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50157a057RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1185Altmetric-Citations435LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (946 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum

1999-01-21

James G. Speight

The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, Third Edition fully covers the subject, from the underground formation of petroleum to recovery of refined products. The third edition contains additional chapters on … The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, Third Edition fully covers the subject, from the underground formation of petroleum to recovery of refined products. The third edition contains additional chapters on the structure of petroleum, refining heavy feedstocks, instability and incompatibility in petroleum products, environmental aspects of refin

Transportation of heavy and extra-heavy crude oil by pipeline: A review

2010-11-27

Rafael Martínez‐Palou , M.L. Mosqueira , Beatriz Zapata-Rendón +4 more

Molecular Size and Structure of Asphaltenes from Various Sources

2000-03-23

Henning Groenzin , Oliver C. Mullins

Fluorescence depolarization measurements are used to determine the size of asphaltene molecules and of model compounds for comparison. Mean molecular weights of roughly 750 amu with a range of roughly … Fluorescence depolarization measurements are used to determine the size of asphaltene molecules and of model compounds for comparison. Mean molecular weights of roughly 750 amu with a range of roughly 500−1000 amu are found for petroleum asphaltenes. A strong correlation is established between the size of an individual fused ring system in an asphaltene molecule and the overall size of this corresponding molecule, showing that asphaltene molecules have one or perhaps two fused ring systems per molecule. Subtle differences in molecular size are found for different virgin crude oil asphaltenes and for a vacuum resid asphaltene. Coal asphaltene molecules are found to be much smaller than petroleum asphaltenes. The molecular sizes of resins and asphaltenes are found to form a continuous distribution.

Marine microorganisms make a meal of oil

2006-02-20

Ian M. Head , D. M. Jones , Wilfred F. M. Röling

Solubility in Water of Paraffin, Cycloparaffin, Olefin, Acetylene, Cycloolefin, and Aromatic Hydrocarbons<sup>1</sup>

1966-04-01

Clayton D. McAuliffe

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility in Water of Paraffin, Cycloparaffin, Olefin, Acetylene, Cycloolefin, and Aromatic Hydrocarbons1Clayton McAuliffeCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1966, 70, 4, 1267–1275Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1966Publication History Published … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility in Water of Paraffin, Cycloparaffin, Olefin, Acetylene, Cycloolefin, and Aromatic Hydrocarbons1Clayton McAuliffeCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1966, 70, 4, 1267–1275Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100876a049https://doi.org/10.1021/j100876a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3149Altmetric-Citations633LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

A Phenomenological Theory of Sintering

1949-12-01

J.K. MacKenzie , R. Shuttleworth

Sintering occurs when powders are heated to temperatures near their melting points. This paper deals with the rapid increase of density during the sintering of single substances The increase of … Sintering occurs when powders are heated to temperatures near their melting points. This paper deals with the rapid increase of density during the sintering of single substances The increase of density cannot be explained by volume diffusion of vacant lattice sites or surface migration of atoms, but must involve macroscopic flow. The driving force for this flow is surface tension, and an equation connecting the rate of shear strain with the shear stress defines the resistance to deformation.

Chemical compositions of improved model asphalt systems for molecular simulations

2013-07-16

Derek D. Li , Michael L. Greenfield

Eleventh symposium (International) on combustion

1967-10-01

A. A. Westenberg

A review of the occurrence, analyses, toxicity, and biodegradation of naphthenic acids

2005-04-24

Joyce S. Clemente , Phillip M. Fedorak

Applications of steranes, terpanes and monoaromatics to the maturation, migration and source of crude oils

1978-01-01

Wolfgang Seifert , J. Michael Moldowan

Olefin/paraffin separation technology: a review

1993-10-01

R. Bruce Eldridge

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOlefin/paraffin separation technology: a reviewR. Bruce EldridgeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 10, 2208–2212Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOlefin/paraffin separation technology: a reviewR. Bruce EldridgeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 10, 2208–2212Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00022a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00022a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7638Altmetric-Citations604LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Unraveling the Molecular Structures of Asphaltenes by Atomic Force Microscopy

2015-07-14

Bruno Schuler , Gerhard Meyer , Diego Peña +2 more

Petroleum is one of the most precious and complex molecular mixtures existing. Because of its chemical complexity, the solid component of crude oil, the asphaltenes, poses an exceptional challenge for … Petroleum is one of the most precious and complex molecular mixtures existing. Because of its chemical complexity, the solid component of crude oil, the asphaltenes, poses an exceptional challenge for structure analysis, with tremendous economic relevance. Here, we combine atomic-resolution imaging using atomic force microscopy and molecular orbital imaging using scanning tunnelling microscopy to study more than 100 asphaltene molecules. The complexity and range of asphaltene polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are established in detail. Identifying molecular structures provides a foundation to understand all aspects of petroleum science from colloidal structure and interfacial interactions to petroleum thermodynamics, enabling a first-principles approach to optimize resource utilization. Particularly, the findings contribute to a long-standing debate about asphaltene molecular architecture. Our technique constitutes a paradigm shift for the analysis of complex molecular mixtures, with possible applications in molecular electronics, organic light emitting diodes, and photovoltaic devices.

Fifth Symposium (International) on Combustion

1956-03-01

Joseph O. Hirschfelder

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFifth Symposium (International) on CombustionJoseph O. HirschfelderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 6, 1264–1265Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFifth Symposium (International) on CombustionJoseph O. HirschfelderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 6, 1264–1265Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01587a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01587a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Advances in Asphaltene Science and the Yen–Mullins Model

2012-04-18

Oliver C. Mullins , Hassan Sabbah , Joëlle Eyssautier +7 more

The Yen–Mullins model, also known as the modified Yen model, specifies the predominant molecular and colloidal structure of asphaltenes in crude oils and laboratory solvents and consists of the following: … The Yen–Mullins model, also known as the modified Yen model, specifies the predominant molecular and colloidal structure of asphaltenes in crude oils and laboratory solvents and consists of the following: The most probable asphaltene molecular weight is ∼750 g/mol, with the island molecular architecture dominant. At sufficient concentration, asphaltene molecules form nanoaggregates with an aggregation number less than 10. At higher concentrations, nanoaggregates form clusters again with small aggregation numbers. The Yen–Mullins model is consistent with numerous molecular and colloidal studies employing a broad array of methodologies. Moreover, the Yen–Mullins model provides a foundation for the development of the first asphaltene equation of state for predicting asphaltene gradients in oil reservoirs, the Flory–Huggins–Zuo equation of state (FHZ EoS). In turn, the FHZ EoS has proven applicability in oil reservoirs containing condensates, black oils, and heavy oils. While the development of the Yen–Mullins model was founded on a very large number of studies, it nevertheless remains essential to validate consistency of this model with important new data streams in asphaltene science. In this paper, we review recent advances in asphaltene science that address all critical aspects of the Yen–Mullins model, especially molecular architecture and characteristics of asphaltene nanoaggregates and clusters. Important new studies are shown to be consistent with the Yen–Mullins model. Wide ranging studies with direct interrogation of the Yen–Mullins model include detailed molecular decomposition analyses, optical measurements coupled with molecular orbital calculations, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, centrifugation, direct-current (DC) conductivity, interfacial studies, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), as well as oilfield studies. In all cases, the Yen–Mullins model is proven to be at least consistent if not valid. In addition, several studies previously viewed as potentially inconsistent with the Yen–Mullins model are now largely resolved. Moreover, oilfield studies using the Yen–Mullins model in the FHZ EoS are greatly improving the understanding of many reservoir concerns, such as reservoir connectivity, heavy oil gradients, tar mat formation, and disequilibrium. The simple yet powerful advances codified in the Yen–Mullins model especially with the FHZ EoS provide a framework for future studies in asphaltene science, petroleum science, and reservoir studies.

Phase Behavior of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids

2006-11-01

Karen Schou Pedersen , Peter Lindskou Christensen , Jawad Azeem Shaikh

Developed in conjunction with several oil companies using experimental data for real reservoir fluids, Phase Behavior of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids introduces industry standard methods for modeling the phase behavior of … Developed in conjunction with several oil companies using experimental data for real reservoir fluids, Phase Behavior of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids introduces industry standard methods for modeling the phase behavior of petroleum reservoir fluids at different stages in the process. Keeping mathematics to a minimum, this book discusses sampling, cha

Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry

2014-03-06

Malcolm A. Kelland

Asphaltenes, Heavy Oils, and Petroleomics

2007-01-01

Oliver C. Mullins , Eric Y. Sheu , Ahmed Hammami +1 more

Biodegradation of Crude Oils in Reservoirs

1984-01-01

Jacques Connan

Ninth Symposium (International) on Combustion

1963-01-01

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La pyrolyse Rock-Eval et ses applications. Première partie.

1985-09-01

J. Espitalié , G. Deroo , F. Marquis

Seventh symposium (international) on combustion

1959-01-01

Armelle Gaydon

Turbulence and Cavitation Suppression by Quaternary Ammonium Salt Additives

2018-05-10

Homa Naseri , Kieran Trickett , N. Mitroglou +7 more

Abstract We identify the physical mechanism through which newly developed quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) deposit control additives (DCAs) affect the rheological properties of cavitating turbulent flows, resulting in an increase … Abstract We identify the physical mechanism through which newly developed quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) deposit control additives (DCAs) affect the rheological properties of cavitating turbulent flows, resulting in an increase in the volumetric efficiency of clean injectors fuelled with diesel or biodiesel fuels. Quaternary ammonium surfactants with appropriate counterions can be very effective in reducing the turbulent drag in aqueous solutions, however, less is known about the effect of such surfactants in oil-based solvents or in cavitating flow conditions. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) investigations show that in traditional DCA fuel compositions only reverse spherical micelles form, whereas reverse cylindrical micelles are detected by blending the fuel with the QAS additive. Moreover, experiments utilising X-ray micro computed tomography (micro-CT) in nozzle replicas, quantify that in cavitation regions the liquid fraction is increased in the presence of the QAS additive. Furthermore, high-flux X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) measurements identify a flow stabilization effect in the region of vortex cavitation by the QAS additive. The effect of the formation of cylindrical micelles is reproduced with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations by including viscoelastic characteristics for the flow. It is demonstrated that viscoelasticity can reduce turbulence and suppress cavitation, and subsequently increase the injector’s volumetric efficiency.

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Oxidation of tartaric acid in presence of iron

1894-01-01

H. J. H. Fenton

Introduction to Combustion

2014-05-12

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The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum

2014-01-30

James G. Speight

With demand for petroleum products increasing worldwide, there is a tendency for existing refineries to seek new approaches to optimize efficiency and throughput. In addition, changes in product specifications due … With demand for petroleum products increasing worldwide, there is a tendency for existing refineries to seek new approaches to optimize efficiency and throughput. In addition, changes in product specifications due to environmental regulations greatly influence the development of petroleum refining technologies. These factors underlie the need for t

The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum

2006-10-31

James G. Speight

Encyclopedic Handbook of Emulsion Technology

2001-03-16

Johan Sjöblom

Characterization of water/oil interfaces a few examples of the importance of phase diagrams for the properties and behaviour of emulsions structure and stability of emulsions coupling of coalescence and flocculation … Characterization of water/oil interfaces a few examples of the importance of phase diagrams for the properties and behaviour of emulsions structure and stability of emulsions coupling of coalescence and flocculation in dilute water/oil emulsions macroemulsions from the perspective of microemulsions dielectric spectroscopy on emulsions and related colloidal systems - a review electroacoustic characterization of emulsions acoustic and electroacoustic spectroscopy for characterizing emulsions and microemulsions food emulsions ultrasonic characterization of food emulsions rheology of concentrated emulsions emulsions -the NMR perspective surface forces and emulsions stability microcalorimetry video enhanced microscopy investigation of droplets and size distributions conductivity measurements multiple emulsions environmental emulsions towards the atomic-level simulations of water-in-crude oil membranes asphaltene based crude oil emulsions heavy crude oil emulsions water-in-crude oil emulsions in recovery of hydrocarbons for oil sand interfacial rheology of crude oil emulsions film properties of ashaltenes and resins chemical demulsification of stable crude oil and bitumen emulsions in petroleum recovery - a review demulsifiers in oil industry dynamic processes in surfactant stabilized emulsions three-phase wellstream gravity separation compact electrostatic coalescer technology formation of gas hydrates in stationary and flowing water/oil emulsions.

Surfactant-assisted catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy crude oil using CuO@TiO2 nanocomposite

2025-06-25

Asmaa S. Morshedy , M. M. Abdelhamid , Tahany Mahmoud | Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology

Understanding the promotion of ferric chloride catalysis on the liquid-phase carbonization of asphaltene

2025-06-24

Yang Tao , Zihui Ma , Yan Song +2 more | Fuel

Sustainable and eco-environmental green sub-critical water extraction of Moroccan shale oil using oleic discharges waste

2025-06-24

Az-iddin Chham , Hassan Hannache , Ahmed Saoiabi +4 more | Fuel

Solvent Performance Evaluation of Heavy Oil in Coal–Oil Co-Liquefaction

2025-06-24

Guanghua Yang , Juan Ma , C. Y. Chen +3 more | International Journal of Molecular Sciences

In this study, we investigated the solvent performance of six heavy oils from Xinjiang, China, for coal–oil co-liquefaction (COCL). Autoclave experiments revealed that shale oil vacuum residue (SOVR) provided the … In this study, we investigated the solvent performance of six heavy oils from Xinjiang, China, for coal–oil co-liquefaction (COCL). Autoclave experiments revealed that shale oil vacuum residue (SOVR) provided the best liquefaction performance. The oils were characterized using FT-IR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, and column chromatography, which revealed that they were mainly composed of aliphatic compounds, with minor aromatic and substituted aromatic compounds. The pyrolytic degradation quality indices (PDQIs), solubility parameter (δC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content (HA2 + HA3) were calculated and correlated with liquefaction performance. The results showed a strong linear relationship between HA2 + HA3 and oil yield (R2 = 0.90), and the aromatic content (AR) was also positively related to oil yield. This study suggests that AR content and HA2 + HA3 are effective indicators for evaluating the solvent performance of heavy oils in COCL.

Extraction of Various Crude Oil Fractions from Water by Sorption: An Overview

2025-06-24

Ebuka Chizitere Emenike , Joy Adeleke , Stephen Sunday Emmanuel +7 more | Water Air & Soil Pollution

Correlation of Jet Fuel Interfacial Tension with Water Separation and Effects of Surfactant Species

2025-06-24

Shane T. Kosir , Susan S. Mueller , Joseph R. Gord +3 more | Energy & Fuels

Experimental study on the isothermal low-temperature oxidation behavior and kinetics of light oil using TG-FTIR

2025-06-24

Chunyun Xu , Wanfen Pu , Shuai Zhao +3 more | Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

Study on the Surface Functional Groups of Asphaltenes Pre- and Post-Hydrotreating in Different Reaction Systems

2025-06-23

Yudong Sun , Ze‐Zhou Wang , Ziyuan Liu | ACS Omega

The Molecular Dynamics of Signature Gas Diffusions in Synthetic-Ester-Based Oil Under a Range of Thermal Conditions

2025-06-23

Liping Guo , Hongliang Wang , Weiwei Qi +2 more | Energies

Synthetic ester insulating oils are extensively utilized in power transformers due to their exceptional insulating properties, thermal stability, and environmental compatibility. The dissolved gas analysis (DGA) technique, which is employed … Synthetic ester insulating oils are extensively utilized in power transformers due to their exceptional insulating properties, thermal stability, and environmental compatibility. The dissolved gas analysis (DGA) technique, which is employed to diagnose internal faults in transformers by monitoring the concentration and composition of dissolved gases in oil, is thought to be effective in detecting typical faults such as overheating and partial discharges in synthetic esters. However, owing to the significant differences in the properties of traditional mineral oil and synthetic esters, the existing DGA-based diagnostic methods developed for mineral oils cannot be directly applied to synthetic esters. A deep understanding of the microscopic processes occurring during the gas generation and diffusion of synthetic esters is an urgent necessity for DGA applications. Therefore, in this study, we systematically investigated the diffusion behavior of seven typical fault gases in synthetic ester insulating oils within a temperature range of 343–473 K using molecular dynamics simulations. The results demonstrate that H2 exhibits the highest diffusion capability across all temperatures, with a diffusion coefficient of 33.430 × 10−6 cm2/s at 343 K, increasing to 402.763 × 10−6 cm2/s at 473 K. Additionally, this paper explores the microscopic mechanisms underlying the diffusion characteristics of these characteristic gases by integrating the Free-Volume Theory, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for refining the fault gas analysis methodology for transformer insulating oils.

Accelerating Saturate, Aromatic, Resin, Asphaltene (SARA) Analysis for High-Fidelity Petroleum Profiling via μSARA-HPLC

2025-06-23

Ibrahim Atwah , Maram AlSaif , Muhammad Usman +1 more | ACS Omega

Sulfur ions reduce the activation energy of steranes and terpanes under hydrothermal action

2025-06-23

Rongzhen Qiao , Meijun Li , Donglin Zhang +1 more | Organic Geochemistry

Ultrasonic Bubble Treatment of Heavy Oil as a Green Technology

2025-06-23

Dina Harith Shaker , Raheek Ismael Ibrahim , Manal Kadhim Oudah +1 more | Petroleum Chemistry

Demulsification of Basra Crude Oil using Chemical Demulsifier and Ultrasonic

2025-06-23

Luma H. Mahmoud , Rabab Raheem , Husham M. Al-Tameemi +1 more | Petroleum Chemistry

Effect of Inorganic Species on Organic Matter Formation in Crude Oil Fouling

2025-06-23

Eri Fumoto , Toshihiro Kakinuma , Shinya Sato +2 more | Energy & Fuels

Application of Gas Chromatography for Petroleum Products Characterization

2025-06-23

Pankaj K. Kanaujia , Jagdish Kumar , Bhanu Prasad Vempatapu | Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

Abstract The highly complex nature of petroleum crude and its fractions requires many analytical approaches for characterization. With the dominant hydrocarbon character, petroleum is largely amenable to gas chromatographic analysis, … Abstract The highly complex nature of petroleum crude and its fractions requires many analytical approaches for characterization. With the dominant hydrocarbon character, petroleum is largely amenable to gas chromatographic analysis, especially in products with lower boiling ranges. It classifies the majority of oil fractions into hydrocarbon group types rather than determining their individual constituents. Besides, element‐specific analysis is also a prominent output of gas chromatography. The chapter outlines the general composition of petroleum products and debates the role of pertinent gas chromatography‐based methods in their characterization. Standard test methods occupy a significant position in these products' quality control and have been discussed critically. Ongoing analytical research in this area and their significance and potential for validation for real‐world applications are also discussed.

Scale Formation from Dissolved Organic Matter in SAGD Steam Generators─Part I: Acidic Species Characterized by FTICR-MS

2025-06-23

Ali Naderi , Thomas B. P. Oldenburg | Energy & Fuels

Petroleum from Coal: A Century of Synthesis

2025-06-23

Ton van Helvoort | Ambix

Random acrylic bipolymers to destabilize simple- and complex-emulsions in crude oils under neutral and acidic conditions

2025-06-23

Jessica V. Fuentes , Zuoli Li , Anirban Chakraborty +3 more | Fuel

Svoistva pekov iz smoly polukoksovaniya

2025-06-21

R. Yu. Kovalev , А. П. Никитин | From Chemistry Towards Technology Step-By-Step

V rabote priveden sravnitel'nyi analiz poluchennykh ranee pekov iz smoly polukoksovaniya uglei srednei stepeni metamorfizma. Privedeno opisanie metodik po vydeleniyu smol polukoksovaniya v razlichnykh sredakh. Polucheny dannye po temperature plavleniya … V rabote priveden sravnitel'nyi analiz poluchennykh ranee pekov iz smoly polukoksovaniya uglei srednei stepeni metamorfizma. Privedeno opisanie metodik po vydeleniyu smol polukoksovaniya v razlichnykh sredakh. Polucheny dannye po temperature plavleniya pekov. Sravnivayutsya rezul'taty znachenii temperatur plavleniya pekov v zavisimosti kak ot marki iskhodnogo uglya, tak i ot tekhnologii izvlecheniya smoly iz uglei. Poluchen pek putem ehkstragirovaniya smoly uglya marki ZH, poluchennoi v inertnoi srede. Provedeny ehksperimenty po karbonizatsii peka iz smoly polukoksovaniya i ehlektrodnogo peka kategorii B.

Catalytic hydrothermal conversion of the Bitumen-Kerogen-Bearing Domanik shale rocks using nickel (II) sulfate as a water-soluble catalyst

2025-06-21

Shadi A. Saeed , Ameen A. Al‐Muntaser , Mohammed Hail Hakimi +7 more | Fuel

Estimation of Oil–Water Partitioning Coefficients of Commercial Production Chemicals by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

2025-06-21

Liridon Aliti , Simon Ivar Andersen | Energy & Fuels

Study on demetallization of heavy crude oil using different zeolitic materials

2025-06-20

Israa Othman , Z F Ghattas , Siti Nadiah Abdul Halim +3 more | Scientific Reports

Abstract Refiners downstream worldwide are devoting more attention to managing industrial impacts and environmental contamination as an approach of reducing the trace metal content of heavy crude oil and its … Abstract Refiners downstream worldwide are devoting more attention to managing industrial impacts and environmental contamination as an approach of reducing the trace metal content of heavy crude oil and its refined products. The removal of Cr 2+ , Ni 2+ , V 4+ , and Zn 2+ (the most significant metal ions) from Egyptian heavy crude oil at the Belayim Desert (BD) oil field has been studied in this work applying the adsorption demetallization technique. Two types of zeolitic materials have been used in the metal removal experiments. Different operating parameters such as contact time, adsorbent concentration and initial metal ions concentration (crude oil quantity) were investigated for their effects on metal removal efficiency. The experimental results of adsorption test showed that the optimal removal conditions using NZ occurred after 6 h contact time, when using 0.5 g of NZ stirred with 50 ml crude oil, these experimental conditions produced maximum V, Ni, and Cr removal efficiencies as 75.6, 73.9, and 81.8% respectively, that cleared at PXRD and EDX analysis to confirm the highly tendency of NZ to remove metal ions from BD crude oil. While the optimal removal conditions using SZ occurred after 12 h contact time, when using 2 g of SZ stirred with 50 ml crude oil, these experimental conditions produced maximum Zn and Cr removal efficiencies as 70.5, 69.17% respectively, but the maximum removal efficiency of V and Ni obtained after 26 h contact time, 2 g SZ with 50 ml crude oil reached to 68.9%. In addition to the results revealed that Natural Zeolite (NZ) is more efficient than Synthetic Zeolite (SZ) in extracting metal ions mainly Ni and V ions from BD crude oil. Also, the selectivity of NZ for heavy metals removal efficiencies are Cr > V > Ni > Zn. Whilst the selectivity of SZ for heavy metals removal efficiencies are Cr > Zn > V > Ni.

Unraveling the Molecular-Micellar-Colloidal Structure of Asphalt: From Interactions to Structural Formation

2025-06-19

Shuang Liu , Liyan Shan | Composites Part B Engineering

Comprehensive numerical investigation of mixing behaviour of crude oil using coupled jet impeller in large-scale storage tank

2025-06-19

Ankit Kumar , Sandip K. Saha | Sadhana

Research progress on wax deposition mechanisms, influencing factors, prediction models, and wax removal and prevention measures in petroleum systems

2025-06-19

Yunbin Ma , Kun He , D. Su +6 more | Energy Exploration & Exploitation

This article reviews recent research on wax deposition, with the aim of understanding the formation mechanisms and influencing factors of wax deposition during the pipeline transportation of wax-bearing crude oil. … This article reviews recent research on wax deposition, with the aim of understanding the formation mechanisms and influencing factors of wax deposition during the pipeline transportation of wax-bearing crude oil. It provides a summary and analysis of the roles of molecular diffusion and aging mechanisms in wax deposition, offering deeper insights into the formation and development of wax. The article also explores in detail how factors such as oil flow temperature, pipeline pressure, flow velocity, and the chemical composition of crude oil affect the characteristics of wax deposition. These insights provide a scientific foundation for understanding deposition mechanisms, optimizing pipeline parameters, and developing effective prevention and control measures. Regarding wax deposition modeling, a model based on molecular diffusion theory, experimental data, and heat transfer mechanisms is presented. Finally, various techniques for inhibiting wax deposition are discussed, with an analysis of their advantages and disadvantages, as well as an identification of existing challenges and future research directions. Therefore, this study not only contributes significantly to the advancement of wax deposition theory but also plays a crucial role in enhancing pipeline operation safety and efficiency, as well as advancing flow safety technologies in the petroleum industry.

Acoustic method for measuring the thickness of deposits on the inner wall of technological equipment

2025-06-19

Анатолий Суслов | Vestnik of Samara University Natural Science Series

In the paper researches of the acoustic method for measuring the thickness of wax deposits on the inner wall of technological equipment are carried out. Experimental studies were conducted to … In the paper researches of the acoustic method for measuring the thickness of wax deposits on the inner wall of technological equipment are carried out. Experimental studies were conducted to study the combined effect of wall thickness, pipeline diameter and deposit thickness on the parameters of pipeline wall oscillation. Measurements of unknown deposit thicknesses have been carried out using a method based on the analysis of the parameters of pipeline wall oscillation. Experimental studies have been conducted to measure the irregular distribution of deposits. The obtained results allow, with good accuracy, to measure the thickness of wax deposits in technological equipment.

Integrating machine learning and life cycle sustainability assessment for systematic optimization of petroleum coke oxidation for hydrogen residues processing

2025-06-19

Zhibo Zhang , Yani Wang , Mengzhen Zhu +7 more | Computers & Chemical Engineering

Evaluation of the inhibitory efficacy of ionic liquids on asphaltene precipitation in crude oil

2025-06-17

Li Jun Liu , Shuaishuai Zhao , Bo Zhou +6 more | Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology

Adduct-Ion Removal and Fractionation Reveal Sulfoxide-Derived Compounds in High-Sulfur Crude Oils by FT-ICR MS

2025-06-17

Chao Ma , Chen He , Yulin Qi +4 more | Energy & Fuels

Liquid–liquid equilibrium studies of <i>n</i>‐butane–bitumen system with application to solvent‐aided in situ bitumen recovery

2025-06-17

A.A. Mahgoub , Mohammad S. Khan , Mahmood Abdi +1 more | The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering

Abstract Solvent‐assisted recovery methods have gained attention as an alternative to conventional thermal methods which have significant environmental drawbacks and high greenhouse gas emissions. Solvent‐assisted recovery methods can lead to … Abstract Solvent‐assisted recovery methods have gained attention as an alternative to conventional thermal methods which have significant environmental drawbacks and high greenhouse gas emissions. Solvent‐assisted recovery methods can lead to various phase equilibria, such as vapour–liquid equilibrium (VLE) and liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE), under specific thermodynamic conditions. A thorough understanding of this phenomenon is essential for effectively designing and optimizing these processes. Despite the availability of both VLE and LLE for mixtures of solvent‐bitumen systems, LLE data is scarcer, particularly at conditions close to the solvent's saturation pressure. This study reports on LLE measurements of n ‐butane–bitumen mixtures at temperatures ranging from 295 to 372 K. The pressures were set just above the solvent's saturation pressure at each temperature to maintain LLE conditions. We examined both the phase behaviour and thermophysical properties of the mixture. The thermophysical properties of the light phase, including density and viscosity, were recorded. The bubble point pressure, n ‐butane content in the light phase, heavy phase onset, and detailed characterization of both the light and heavy cuts were also conducted. The experimental thermophysical data were then modelled using the Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR‐EoS) and modified Pederson model. In conclusion, these findings enhance our understanding of the LLE behaviour of n ‐butane–bitumen systems under conditions near the solvent's saturation pressure and find plications in solvent‐aided in situ bitumen recovery processes.

Protic Ionic Liquids as Eco-Friendly Surfactants for Oil Spill Remediation: Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation

2025-06-16

Sádwa Fernandes Ribeiro , Hiago S. Braga , Rílvia Saraiva de Santiago-Aguiar | ACS Omega

Study of the Hydrocarbons Molecular Structure in Marine Diesel Fuels Using FTIR and NMR Methods

2025-06-16

Nikolay Sinyavsky , Oksana Volodymyrivna Synashenko , Ivan Mershiev +2 more | Journal of ETA Maritime Science

Regeneration of Spent Transformer Oil Using Bentonite Clay and Palm Kernel Shell

2025-06-14

Onyeka S. Okafoagu , Ifeanyichukwu Edeh , Benson O. Evbuomwan | Chemical Science International Journal

The reliable operation of power transformers is critically dependent on the quality of insulating oil, which degrades over time due to thermal, electrical, and chemical stresses. This study explores an … The reliable operation of power transformers is critically dependent on the quality of insulating oil, which degrades over time due to thermal, electrical, and chemical stresses. This study explores an innovative, sustainable approach using bentonite clay and palm kernel shell-activated carbon (PKS-AC) for regenerating spent transformer oil. The adsorbents were chemically activated at 7N sulfuric acid concentrations and characterized using FTIR, SEM, and physico-chemical analyses. Regeneration experiments were carried out using a transformer oil-to-palm kernel shell-to-bentonite base ratio of 30:3.4:3.8 (mL/g/g), at a temperature of 77 °C, for 77 minutes, with continuous stirring at 744 rpm. Density decreased from 0.975 to 0.8342 g/cm³, kinematic viscosity from 18.3 to 10.34 mm²/s, acidity from 0.821 mg KOH/g to 0.003 mg KOH/g, and water content from 35.42 ppm to 10.254 ppm, while the breakdown voltage increased from 10 to 60 kV, flash point from 144 °C to 150 °C and fire point from 156 °C to 160 °C. The regenerated oil met standard acceptable limits, with significant improvements in the transformer oil properties. These findings indicate successful restoration of dielectric strength and thermal stability of transformer oil. Based on the result obtained, bentonite and palm kernel shell are veritable adsorbents for regeneration of used transformer oil, thus contributing to sustainable energy practices.

Separation of Unsaturated and Saturated Fatty Acids from Sunflower Oil Via Low-Temperature Methanol Crystallization Method

2025-06-13

| Malaysian Journal of Chemistry

Demulsification Kinetics of Water-in-Oil Emulsions of Ecuadorian Crude Oil: Influence of Temperature and Salinity

2025-06-13

Jordy Sarmas-Farfan , Antonio Díaz‐Barrios , Teresa Lehmann +1 more | Energies

This work focuses on the stability analysis of water-in-oil macroemulsions with a crude oil from the Sacha Field in Ecuador. This field is an important hydrocarbon resource in Ecuador with … This work focuses on the stability analysis of water-in-oil macroemulsions with a crude oil from the Sacha Field in Ecuador. This field is an important hydrocarbon resource in Ecuador with a typical bottom freshwater drive. The comprehensive stability analysis includes coalescence, water resolution or phase separation, and water–oil interfacial tension and interfacial dilatational viscoelastic modulus measurements over time. Two main parameters, due to their relevance, were controlled in these experiments: water salinity and temperature. The analysis reported here is the first focused on this important resource in Ecuador. Findings shed light on which mechanisms more likely control the stability of these water-in-oil macroemulsions. Results herein suggest that regardless of temperature, low-salinity water favors emulsion stability, likely due to the tendency of a stiffer interface formation at low-ionic strength, as interfacial viscoelasticity measurements show. This implies that the low-ionic strength water from the aquifer can enable the formation of stable emulsions. In contrast, water resolution depends significantly on temperature, possibly due to higher sedimentation rates. The implication is that if emulsions do not break up before cooling off, the emulsion can become more stable. Finally, analysis of the interface buildup rates could explain the observed increase in emulsion stability over time.

Contribution of Improved Cook Stoves to the reduction of wood fuel consumption in Rutsiro District, Rwanda

2025-06-12

Pacifique Isimbi , Eric Sibomana | East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources

This study aimed to examine the contribution of Improved Cook Stoves (ICS) in reducing wood fuel consumption in Rutsiro District, Rwanda. The research focused on three specific objectives: identifying the … This study aimed to examine the contribution of Improved Cook Stoves (ICS) in reducing wood fuel consumption in Rutsiro District, Rwanda. The research focused on three specific objectives: identifying the level of ICS utilization, assessing the reduction in wood fuel consumption and finding out whether there is any relationship between ICS usage and wood fuel consumption. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative research designs. The study targeted over 28,555 households in five sectors near Gishwati-Mukura forests in Rutsiro District, and 395 households were selected as sample size through Yamane’s formula and stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires and documentary review and data were analyzed with SPSS software, employing descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple linear regression. Analysis using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression revealed that household characteristics (mean = 4.32), awareness levels (mean = 4.50), and stove quality (mean = 4.31) had a statistically significant and positive impact on reducing wood fuel consumption. However, stove cost, despite a high average score (mean = 4.45), did not show a significant effect. These factors were found to be more important than the stove cost, which was perceived as high but did not significantly affect fuel reduction. This highlights the crucial role of awareness, stove quality, and behavioural factors in the adoption and success of ICS. The study concluded that addressing the financial barrier to stove adoption, while important, is less significant than improving public awareness, stove quality, and behavioural change. The study recommended that the government and development partners prioritize awareness campaigns to promote the benefits of ICS. Additionally, financial incentives, subsidies, and better access to affordable payment options should be introduced to make ICS more accessible

Accurate Segmentation of Localized Fuel Cladding Chemical Interaction Layers in SEM Micrographs with Deep Learning Method

2025-06-12

Liang Zhao , Yachun Wang , Fei Xu | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> U-Zr metallic fuels are promising fuel candidates for fast reactor applications. Fuel/cladding chemical interaction (FCCI) is a random, localized, complex interdiffusion phenomenon occurring at the fuel cladding interface under … <title>Abstract</title> U-Zr metallic fuels are promising fuel candidates for fast reactor applications. Fuel/cladding chemical interaction (FCCI) is a random, localized, complex interdiffusion phenomenon occurring at the fuel cladding interface under irradiation, thinning the cladding wall. This interaction has been recognized as a limiting factor in deploying metal fuels to achieve higher burnup under steady state operations. Post irradiation examination (PIE) of EBR-II and FFTF fuel pins with different irradiation conditions have been the primary method for investigating FCCI in metal fuels, utilizing various characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study compared several computer vision and machine learning approaches for the automated segmentation of FCCI layers in SEM micrographs. We deployed and compared state-of-the-art machine learning models for the task of FCCI layer segmentation in SEM micrographs. A deep learning based end-to-end method proved its capability to enable rapid and accurate segmentation of FCCI in as-collected SEM micrographs, making it highly suitable for real-time applications to automate data analysis during data collection. Furthermore, the method reported in this study is extendable to segmentation tasks for other materials with similar resolution, texture, and contrast characteristics, paving the way for accelerated and automated analysis in characterization analysis and beyond.

Process optimization and process intensification for the preparation of oil-in-water nanoemulsions

2025-06-12

Zhiwei Liu , Xinyu Liu , Zerui Hao +1 more | Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology

Synthesis of FeOOH Polymorphs by Room Temperature Solid-State Chemical Reaction: Effect on the Selective Cracking of Aromatic Hydrocarbons with C–O Bridge Bonds

2025-06-12

Jinhua Wang , Yakun Tang , Xiaodong Guo +7 more | Inorganic Chemistry

FeOOH polymorphs are valued in industrial catalysis for selective hydrogenation of organics in coal to high - value aromatics, yet the factors behind their differing efficiencies are still unclear. In … FeOOH polymorphs are valued in industrial catalysis for selective hydrogenation of organics in coal to high - value aromatics, yet the factors behind their differing efficiencies are still unclear. In this work, the synthesis of FeOOH nanopolymorphs with sizes from 80 to 300 nm was achieved through a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly room temperature solid-phase chemical reaction. FeOOH polymorphs demonstrate different iron oxidation states and abundant surface hydroxyls. Among them, δ-FeOOH, with its lower iron oxidation state and rich surface hydroxyls, enhances hydrogen adsorption and lowers hydrogen activation energy through hydrogen bonding. Notably, δ-FeOOH achieved the complete conversion of benzyl phenyl ether, a typical α-O-4 linkage model compound in coal at 270 °C and 20 bar H2 for 2 h. This study provides valuable insights into the intricate relationship between FeOOH polymorphs and catalytic performance, contributing to the sustainable development of FeOOH-based hydrogenation catalysts.