Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science

Phytochemistry and Biological Activities

Works Count: 61785

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This cluster of papers focuses on the phytochemistry, biological activities, and medicinal uses of various plants, including their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It covers a wide range of compounds such as iridoids, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, and their potential applications in traditional Chinese medicine.

Keywords

Medicinal Plants; Phytochemistry; Antioxidant; Anti-inflammatory; Iridoids; Phenylethanoids; Traditional Chinese Medicine; Ethnopharmacology; Flavonoids; Biological Activities

Geraniol 10‐hydroxylase1, a cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis

2001-11-01

Graziella Collu , Nehir Ünver Somer , Anja M.G. Peltenburg-Looman +3 more

Geraniol 10‐hydroxylase (G10H) is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the biosynthesis of iridoid monoterpenoids and several classes of monoterpenoid alkaloids found in a diverse range of plant species. Catharanthus … Geraniol 10‐hydroxylase (G10H) is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the biosynthesis of iridoid monoterpenoids and several classes of monoterpenoid alkaloids found in a diverse range of plant species. Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) contains monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, several of which are pharmaceutically important. Vinblastine and vincristine, for example, find widespread use as anti‐cancer drugs. G10H is thought to play a key regulatory role in terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis. We purified G10H from C. roseus cells. Using degenerate PCR primers based on amino acid sequence information we cloned the corresponding cDNA. The encoded CYP76B6 protein has G10H activity when expressed in C. roseus and yeast cells. The stress hormone methyljasmonate strongly induced G10h gene expression coordinately with other terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis genes in a C. roseus cell culture.

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Recent advances in traditional plant drugs and orchids.

2003-01-01

Jin-Ming Kong , Ngoh-Khang Goh , Lian‐Sai Chia +1 more

Handbook of Medicinal Plants

2005-08-04

Supriya Kumar Bhattacharjee

Handbook of medicinal plants , Handbook of medicinal plants , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی Handbook of medicinal plants , Handbook of medicinal plants , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی

Differential accumulation of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamates in leaves of Ligustrum vulgare under excess light and drought stress

2004-06-23

Massimiliano Tattini , Carlotta Galardi , Patrizia Pinelli +3 more

• The differential accumulation of various polyphenols, particularly of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamates, was studied in leaves of Ligustrum vulgare exposed to increasing sunlight under well watered or drought-stress conditions. • … • The differential accumulation of various polyphenols, particularly of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamates, was studied in leaves of Ligustrum vulgare exposed to increasing sunlight under well watered or drought-stress conditions. • Light- and drought-induced changes in leaf polyphenol concentrations were normalized to the CO2 assimilation rate. The functional roles of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamates were analysed through tissue localization using multispectral fluorescence microimaging, and through efficiencies to scavenge superoxide radicals (O2−) and to screen UV wavelengths. • Clear effects of light and water treatments on leaf polyphenol concentrations were not observed, as the CO2 assimilation rate varied according to sunlight and water availability. However, biosynthesis of quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, luteolin 7-O-glucoside and echinacoside, which were efficient O2− scavengers, increased sharply in response to solar radiation. By contrast, carbon for the synthesis of p-coumaric acid and monohydroxyflavones, efficient UV screeners but poor O2− scavengers, did not vary depending on light treatments. Flavonoids accumulated in both the adaxial epidermis and the palisade tissue because of sunlight irradiance, whereas echinacoside occurred largely in abaxial tissues. • We hypothesize that flavonoids may serve antioxidant functions in response to excess light and drought stress, and that a coordinate control system between hydroxycinnamate and flavonoid pathways operated in L. vulgare exposed to excess light.

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Evolutionary diversifications of plants on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2014-01-01

Jun Wen , Jianqiang Zhang , Ze‐Long Nie +2 more

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is the highest and one of the most extensive plateaus in the world. Phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and ecological studies support plant diversifications on the QTP through multiple … The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is the highest and one of the most extensive plateaus in the world. Phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and ecological studies support plant diversifications on the QTP through multiple mechanisms such as allopatric speciation via geographic isolation, climatic oscillations and divergences, pollinator-mediated isolation, diploid hybridization and introgression, and allopolyploidy. These mechanisms have driven spectacular radiations and/or species diversifications in various groups of plants such as Pedicularis L., Saussurea DC., Rhododendron L., Primula L., Meconopsis Vig., Rhodiola L., and many lineages of gymnosperms. Nevertheless, much work is needed toward understanding the evolutionary mechanisms of plant diversifications on the QTP. Well-sampled biogeographic analyses of the QTP plants in the broad framework of the Northern Hemisphere as well as the Southern Hemisphere are still relatively few and should be encouraged in the next decade. This paper reviews recent evidence from phylogenetic and biogeographic studies in plants, in the context of rapid radiations, mechanisms of species diversifications on the QTP, and the biogeographic significance of the QTP in the broader context of both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere biogeography. Integrative multidimensional analyses of phylogeny, morphological innovations, geography, ecology, development, species interactions and diversifications, and geology are needed and should shed insights into the patterns of evolutionary assembly and radiations in this fascinating region.

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7. Bioactivity in plants: the link between phytochemistry and medicine

1991-01-01

Matthias Hamburger , Kurt Hostettmann

Acute and chronic toxicological studies of Ajuga iva in experimental animals

2004-01-15

Jaouad El Hilaly , Zafar H. Israili , Badiâa Lyoussi

Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae)

2000-09-01

Emilio L. Ghisalberti

Approach to the study of C‐glycosyl flavones by ion trap HPLC‐PAD‐ESI/MS/MS: application to seeds of quince (Cydonia oblonga)

2003-11-01

Federico Ferreres , Branca M. Silva , Paula B. Andrade +2 more

Ion trap HPLC-PAD-ESI/MS/MS has been used to study C-glycosyl flavones in quince seeds. Comparative analysis of the ions [(M-H)-60]-, [(M-H)-90]- and [(M-H)-120]- from 6-C- and 8-C-glycosyl flavone isomers, together with … Ion trap HPLC-PAD-ESI/MS/MS has been used to study C-glycosyl flavones in quince seeds. Comparative analysis of the ions [(M-H)-60]-, [(M-H)-90]- and [(M-H)-120]- from 6-C- and 8-C-glycosyl flavone isomers, together with their respective retention times, allowed deductions to be made about the nature of the sugar units and the positions of C-glycosylation. Vicenin-2 (6,8-di-C-glucosyl apigenin), lucenin-2 (6,8-di-C-glucosyl luteolin), stellarin-2 (6,8-di-C-glucosyl chrysoeriol), isoschaftoside (6-C-arabinosyl-8-C-glucosyl apigenin), schaftoside (6-C-glucosyl-8-C-arabinosyl apigenin), 6-C-pentosyl-8-C-glucosyl chrysoeriol and 6-C-glucosyl-8-C-pentosyl chrysoeriol were identified in quince seed.

Rehmannia glutinosa: Review of botany, chemistry and pharmacology

2008-03-11

Ruxue Zhang , Maoxing Li , Zhengping Jia

Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of tea infusions, wines, and fruit juices

1993-08-01

Michaël G. L. Hertog , P.C.H. Hollman , Betty van de Putte

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTContent of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of tea infusions, wines, and fruit juicesMichael G. L. Hertog, Peter C. H. Hollman, and Betty. van de PutteCite this: J. Agric. … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTContent of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of tea infusions, wines, and fruit juicesMichael G. L. Hertog, Peter C. H. Hollman, and Betty. van de PutteCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 8, 1242–1246Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00032a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00032a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2473Altmetric-Citations651LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Evolutionary Advantage and Molecular Modes of Action of Multi-Component Mixtures Used in Phytomedicine

2008-12-01

Michaël Wink

Plants use complex mixtures of secondary compounds (SM) of different structural classes to protect themselves against herbivores, bacteria, fungi and viruses. These complex mixtures may contain SM, which are specific … Plants use complex mixtures of secondary compounds (SM) of different structural classes to protect themselves against herbivores, bacteria, fungi and viruses. These complex mixtures may contain SM, which are specific for a single target (monotarget SM). A majority of SM, however, can interfere with several targets (multitarget SM) in a pleiotropic fashion. The composition of such extracts appears to be optimised, since the components are not only additive but apparently synergistic in their bioactivity. Synergism can be achieved by inhibiting the xenobiotics inactivating activities of animals and microbes (MDR, CYP), by facilitating the uptake of polar SM across biomembranes and/or by affecting several important organs in animals concomitantly. Phytotherapy employs equally complex extracts of medicinal plants. Arguments were put together that the utilisation of complex mixtures with pleiotropic agents presents a unique therapeutic approach with many advantages over monotarget compounds. Mixtures of multitarget SM, used in phytotherapy include phenolics, tannins, mono- and sequiterpenes, saponins, iridoid glucosides and anthraquinones, but only few of them alkaloids or other toxic monotarget SM.Multitarget effects are caused by SM, which can modulate the threedimensional structure of proteins (and thus their function), by interfering with DNA/RNA (especially gene expression) or membrane permeability. In addition, complex extracts may contain synergists, which can inhibit MDR, cytochrome P450 or enhance absorption and thus bioavailability of active metabolites. The molecular modes of action are reviewed for the main groups of secondary metabolites. Keywords: Molecular target, multi-target activity, pleiotropic activity, secondary metabolite, synergism, gene regulation, protein structure

Major flavonoids with antioxidant activity from Teucrium polium L.

2008-07-07

Fariba Sharififar , Gholamreza Dehghn-Nudeh , Mansour Mirtajaldini

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.: Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine

2013-12-01

Xirui He , Jinhui Wang , Maoxing Li +5 more

Occurrence and distribution of free flavonoid aglycones in plants

1981-01-01

Eckhard Wollenweber , Volker Dietz

Loco Intoxication: Indolizidine Alkaloids of Spotted Locoweed ( Astragalus lentiginosus )

1982-04-09

Russell J. Molyneux , Lynn F. James

The indolizidine alkaloids swainsonine and swainsonine N -oxide have been isolated and identified as constituents of spotted locoweed. The inhibition of lysosomal α-mannosidase by these alkaloids suggests that they are … The indolizidine alkaloids swainsonine and swainsonine N -oxide have been isolated and identified as constituents of spotted locoweed. The inhibition of lysosomal α-mannosidase by these alkaloids suggests that they are the causative agents of locoism in range animals.

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of mature fresh leaves of Vitex negundo

2003-06-30

M.G. Dharmasiri , Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody , Gayani Galhena +2 more

A Review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.)

2006-04-20

Diane L. McKay , Jeffrey B. Blumberg

Abstract Chamomile ( Matricaria recutita L., Chamomilla recutita L., Matricaria chamomilla ) is one of the most popular single ingredient herbal teas, or tisanes. Chamomile tea, brewed from dried flower … Abstract Chamomile ( Matricaria recutita L., Chamomilla recutita L., Matricaria chamomilla ) is one of the most popular single ingredient herbal teas, or tisanes. Chamomile tea, brewed from dried flower heads, has been used traditionally for medicinal purposes. Evidence‐based information regarding the bioactivity of this herb is presented. The main constituents of the flowers include several phenolic compounds, primarily the flavonoids apigenin, quercetin, patuletin, luteolin and their glucosides. The principal components of the essential oil extracted from the flowers are the terpenoids α ‐bisabolol and its oxides and azulenes, including chamazulene. Chamomile has moderate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and significant antiplatelet activity in vitro . Animal model studies indicate potent antiinflammatory action, some antimutagenic and cholesterol‐lowering activities, as well as antispasmotic and anxiolytic effects. However, human studies are limited, and clinical trials examining the purported sedative properties of chamomile tea are absent. Adverse reactions to chamomile, consumed as a tisane or applied topically, have been reported among those with allergies to other plants in the daisy family, i.e. Asteraceae or Compositae . Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Iridoids. A Review

1980-11-01

Leticia J. El-Naggar , Jack L. Beal

Tre review presents a glossary of the iridoid glycosides, secoiridoids, bis-iridoids, and non-glycosidic iridoids. The following information is present for each compound, when available: structural formula, molecular formula, molecular weight, … Tre review presents a glossary of the iridoid glycosides, secoiridoids, bis-iridoids, and non-glycosidic iridoids. The following information is present for each compound, when available: structural formula, molecular formula, molecular weight, mp and [alpha]D values, uv, ir, 1H-nmr, 13C-nmr, and ms data, as well as mp and [alpha]D values for the correspondent acetate derivative. The natural source, the family and generic name, is given as well as the reference. A cross index and molecular weight tables are presented.

Extraction, separation, and detection methods for phenolic acids and flavonoids

2007-12-01

Constantine D. Stalikas

The impetus for developing analytical methods for phenolic compounds in natural products has proved to be multifaceted. Hundreds of publications on the analysis of this category of compounds have appeared … The impetus for developing analytical methods for phenolic compounds in natural products has proved to be multifaceted. Hundreds of publications on the analysis of this category of compounds have appeared over the past two decades. Traditional and more advanced techniques have come to prominence for sample preparation, separation, detection, and identification. This review provides an updated and extensive overview of methods and their applications in natural product matrices and samples of biological origin. In addition, it critically appraises recent developments and trends, and provides selected representative bibliographic examples.

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Ferulic acid: pharmaceutical functions, preparation and applications in foods

2004-07-28

Shiyi Ou , Kin‐Chor Kwok

Abstract Ferulic acid (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxycinnamic acid), an effective component of Chinese medicine herbs such as Angelica sinensis, Cimicifuga heracleifolia and Lignsticum chuangxiong , is a ubiquitous phenolic acid in the plant … Abstract Ferulic acid (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxycinnamic acid), an effective component of Chinese medicine herbs such as Angelica sinensis, Cimicifuga heracleifolia and Lignsticum chuangxiong , is a ubiquitous phenolic acid in the plant kingdom. It is mainly conjugated with mono‐ and oligosaccharides, polyamines, lipids and polysaccharides and seldom occurs in a free state in plants. Ferulic acid is a phenolic acid of low toxicity; it can be absorbed and easily metabolized in the human body. Ferulic acid has been reported to have many physiological functions, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐thrombosis, and anti‐cancer activities. It also protects against coronary disease, lowers cholesterol and increases sperm viability. Because of these properties and its low toxicity, ferulic acid is now widely used in the food and cosmetic industries. It is used as the raw material for the production of vanillin and preservatives, as a cross‐linking agent for the preparation of food gels and edible films, and as an ingredient in sports foods and skin protection agents. Ferulic acid can be prepared by chemical synthesis and through biological transformation. As polysaccharide ferulate is a natural and abundant source of ferulic acid, preparation of ferulic acid from plant cell wall materials will be a prospective pathway. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry

The Amygdaloid Complex

1948-01-01

Otto Marburg

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected Chinese medicinal plants and their relation with antioxidant content

2012-10-06

Anjaneya S. Ravipati , Lin Zhang , Sundar Rao Koyyalamudi +7 more

Abstract Background The main aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of forty four traditional Chinese medicinal herbal extracts and to examine these activities in … Abstract Background The main aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of forty four traditional Chinese medicinal herbal extracts and to examine these activities in relation to their antioxidant content. Methods The antioxidant activities were investigated using DPPH radical scavenging method and yeast model. The anti-inflammatory properties of the herbal extracts were evaluated by measuring their ability to inhibit the production of nitric oxide and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 macrophages activated by LPS and IFN- γ, respectively. The cytotoxic effects of the herbal extracts were determined by Alomar Blue assay by measuring cell viability. In order to understand the variation of antioxidant activities of herbal extracts with their antioxidant contents, the total phenolics, total flavonoids and trace metal (Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo) quantities were estimated and a correlation analysis was carried out. Results Results of this study show that significant levels of phenolics, flavonoids and trace metal contents were found in Ligustrum lucidum, Paeonia suffuticosa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Sanguisorba officinalis, Spatholobus suberectus, Tussilago farfara and Uncaria rhyncophylla , which correlated well with their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Some of the plants displayed high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities but contained low levels of phenolics and flavonoids. Interestingly, these plants contained significant levels of trace metals (such as Zn, Mg and Se) which are likely to be responsible for their activities. Conclusions The results indicate that the phenolics, flavonoids and trace metals play an important role in the antioxidant activities of medicinal plants. Many of the plants studied here have been identified as potential sources of new antioxidant compounds.

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Sesquiterpenes from Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) as Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents

1992-07-01

Guo-Qiang Zheng , Patrick M. Kenney , Luke K. T. Lam

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSesquiterpenes from Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) as Potential Anticarcinogenic AgentsGuo-Qiang Zheng, Patrick M. Kenney, and Luke K. T. LamCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1992, 55, 7, 999–1003Publication Date … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSesquiterpenes from Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) as Potential Anticarcinogenic AgentsGuo-Qiang Zheng, Patrick M. Kenney, and Luke K. T. LamCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1992, 55, 7, 999–1003Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50085a029https://doi.org/10.1021/np50085a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views991Altmetric-Citations228LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Simple and hydrolyzable compounds in virgin olive oil. 3. Spectroscopic characterizations of the secoiridoid derivatives.

1993-11-01

Gianfrancesco Montedoro , Maurizio Servili , Maura Baldioli +3 more

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSimple and hydrolyzable compounds in virgin olive oil. 3. Spectroscopic characterizations of the secoiridoid derivatives.Gianfrancesco. Montedoro, Maurizio. Servili, Maura. Baldioli, Roberto. Selvaggini, Enrico. Miniati, and Alceo. MacchioniCite … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSimple and hydrolyzable compounds in virgin olive oil. 3. Spectroscopic characterizations of the secoiridoid derivatives.Gianfrancesco. Montedoro, Maurizio. Servili, Maura. Baldioli, Roberto. Selvaggini, Enrico. Miniati, and Alceo. MacchioniCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 11, 2228–2234Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00035a076https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00035a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1381Altmetric-Citations407LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Verbascoside — A review of its occurrence, (bio)synthesis and pharmacological significance

2014-07-15

Kalina Alipieva , Liudmila Korkina , İlkay Erdoğan Orhan +1 more

Antiviral activity of Plantago major extracts and related compounds in vitro

2002-07-01

Luciano Chiang , Wen Chin Chiang , Mei‐Yin Chang +2 more

The seco-iridoid pathway from Catharanthus roseus

2014-04-07

Karel Miettinen , Lemeng Dong , Nicolas Navrot +7 more

The (seco)iridoids and their derivatives, the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), form two large families of plant-derived bioactive compounds with a wide spectrum of high-value pharmacological and insect-repellent activities. Vinblastine and … The (seco)iridoids and their derivatives, the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), form two large families of plant-derived bioactive compounds with a wide spectrum of high-value pharmacological and insect-repellent activities. Vinblastine and vincristine, MIAs used as anticancer drugs, are produced by Catharanthus roseus in extremely low levels, leading to high market prices and poor availability. Their biotechnological production is hampered by the fragmentary knowledge of their biosynthesis. Here we report the discovery of the last four missing steps of the (seco)iridoid biosynthesis pathway. Expression of the eight genes encoding this pathway, together with two genes boosting precursor formation and two downstream alkaloid biosynthesis genes, in an alternative plant host, allows the heterologous production of the complex MIA strictosidine. This confirms the functionality of all enzymes of the pathway and highlights their utility for synthetic biology programmes towards a sustainable biotechnological production of valuable (seco)iridoids and alkaloids with pharmaceutical and agricultural applications.

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Herbal medicines as diuretics: A review of the scientific evidence

2007-08-01

Christopher I. Wright , L. Van-Buren , Christine Kroner +1 more

Iridoid Glucosides with Free Radical Scavenging Properties from Fagraea blumei

1997-06-30

Muriel Cuendet , Kurt Hostettmann , Olivier Potterat +1 more

Four new iridoid glucosides 1–4, named blumeosides A–D, were isolated from the methanolic stem-bark extract of Fagraea blumei G. DON. (Loganiaceae). They were accompanied by the benzyl-alcohol derivative di-O-methylcrenatin (5) … Four new iridoid glucosides 1–4, named blumeosides A–D, were isolated from the methanolic stem-bark extract of Fagraea blumei G. DON. (Loganiaceae). They were accompanied by the benzyl-alcohol derivative di-O-methylcrenatin (5) and the flavone C-glucoside swertisin (6). The structures of 1–4 were established by spectroscopic methods, including FAB-MS, and 1H- and 13C-NMR, and by alkaline hydrolysis. Blumeosides A (1) and C (3) are 10-O-(2,5-dihydroxytercphthalo) adoxosidic acid and 10-O-(2-hydroxyterephthalo)adoxosidic acid, respectively. In blumeosides B (4) and D (2), both carboxylic groups of the terephthalic-acid moiety are esterified by adoxosidic-acid units, Blumeosides A–D (1–4) inhibited bleaching of crocin induced by alkoxyl radicals. Blumeosides A (1) and D (2) also demonstrated scavenging properties towards the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hvdrazvl (CDPPH) radical in TLC autographic and spectrophotometric assays.

The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review

2000-07-01

Anne Berit Samuelsen

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The Systematic Identification of Flavonoids. Von T. J. Mabry, K. R. Markham und M. B. Thomas. 354 S. mit 325 Abb., Springer-Verlag Berlin – Heidelberg – New York 1970, Preis: DM 98, – (US $ 27.00)

1971-01-01

Erwin Gräf

Labiatae Family in folk Medicine in Iran: from Ethnobotany to Pharmacology

2005-01-01

Farzaneh Naghibi , Mahmoud Mosaddegh , Saeed Mohammadi Motamed +1 more

Labiatae family is well represented in Iran by 46 genera and 410 species and subspecies. Many members of this family are used in traditional and folk medicine. Also they are … Labiatae family is well represented in Iran by 46 genera and 410 species and subspecies. Many members of this family are used in traditional and folk medicine. Also they are used as culinary and ornamental plants. There are no distinct references on the ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology of the family in Iran and most of the publications and documents related to the uses of these species are both in Persian and not comprehensive. In this article we reviewed all the available publication on this family. Also documentation from unpublished resources and ethnobotanical surveys has been included. Based on our literature search, out of the total number of the Labiatae family in Iran, 18% of the species are used for medicinal purposes. Leaves are the most used plant parts. Medicinal applications are classified into 13 main categories. A number of pharmacological and experimental studies have been reviewed, which confirm some of the traditional applications and also show the headline for future works on this family.

Screening of antioxidant activity, total phenolics and GC-MS study of Vitex negundo

2010-07-31

Pradeep Kumar , Sakthivel Kumaravel , Lalitha Cheepurupalli

The present study was carried out for identification of the phytochemicals present in the Vitex negundo leaves and also evaluate the total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the … The present study was carried out for identification of the phytochemicals present in the Vitex negundo leaves and also evaluate the total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the leaf extract. Total phenols was carried out by Folin Ciocalteu method and the phenolic content was 27.72 mg/100 of gallic acid equivalent (GE). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH method and the leaves of V. negundo showed 23.21 mg/100 of ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC). The GC-MS study also carried out and it showed the presence of phytochemicals like 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-(RT:6.17), Phytol (RT:19.67) and Vitamin E (RT:25.11). Key words: Total Phenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, DPPH, GC-MS.

Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica

2013-12-18

Quy-Diem Do , Artik Elisa Angkawijaya , Phuong Lan Tran‐Nguyen +4 more

Limnophila aromatica is commonly used as a spice and a medicinal herb in Southeast Asia. In this study, water and various concentrations (50%, 75%, and 100%) of methanol, ethanol, and … Limnophila aromatica is commonly used as a spice and a medicinal herb in Southeast Asia. In this study, water and various concentrations (50%, 75%, and 100%) of methanol, ethanol, and acetone in water were used as solvent in the extraction of L. aromatica. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of the freeze-dried L. aromatica extracts were investigated using various in vitro assays. The extract obtained by 100% ethanol showed the highest total antioxidant activity, reducing power and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. The same extract also exhibited the highest phenolic content (40.5 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of defatted L. aromatica) and the highest flavonoid content (31.11 mg quercetin equivalent/g of defatted L. aromatica). The highest extraction yield was obtained by using 50% aqueous acetone. These results indicate that L. aromatica can be used in dietary applications with a potential to reduce oxidative stress.

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Phylogeny of Capparaceae and Brassicaceae based on chloroplast sequence data

2002-11-01

Jocelyn C. Hall , Kenneth J. Sytsma , Hugh H. Iltis

Capparaceae and Brassicaceae have long been known to be closely related families, with the monophyly of Capparaceae more recently questioned. To elucidate the relationship between Brassicaceae and Capparaceae as well … Capparaceae and Brassicaceae have long been known to be closely related families, with the monophyly of Capparaceae more recently questioned. To elucidate the relationship between Brassicaceae and Capparaceae as well as to address infrafamilial relationships within Capparaceae, we analyzed sequence variation for a large sampling, especially of Capparaceae, of these two families using two chloroplast regions, trnL ‐ trnF and ndhF. Results of parsimony and likelihood analyses strongly support the monophyly of Brassicaceae plus Capparaceae, excluding Forchhammeria , which is clearly placed outside the Brassicaceae and Capparaceae clade and suggest the recognition of three primary clades—Capparaceae subfamily (subf.) Capparoideae, subf. Cleomoideae, and Brassicaceae. Capparaceae monophyly is strongly contradicted with Cleomoideae appearing as sister to Brassicaceae. Two traditionally recognized subfamilies of Capparaceae, Dipterygioideae and Podandrogynoideae, are embedded within Cleomoideae. Whereas habit and some fruit characteristics demarcate the three major clades, floral symmetry, stamen number, leaf type, and fruit type all show homoplasy. Clades within Capparoideae show a biogeographical pattern based on this sampling. These results are consistent with several alternative classification schemes.

The Structure and Distribution of the Flavonoids in Plants

2000-09-01

Tsukasa Iwashina

The phenolic constituents of plants and their taxonomic significance. I. Dicotyledons

1962-03-01

E.C. Bate-Smith

The commoner phenolic constituents of dicotyledonous plants are eight in number (Fig. 1): two leuco-anthocyanins, three flavonols, two hydroxycinnamic acids, and hexahydroxydiphenic acid, present after acid hydrolysis as its dilactone, … The commoner phenolic constituents of dicotyledonous plants are eight in number (Fig. 1): two leuco-anthocyanins, three flavonols, two hydroxycinnamic acids, and hexahydroxydiphenic acid, present after acid hydrolysis as its dilactone, ellagic acid. Most of the other phenolic constituents found in the higher plants are derivable from the above by a limited number of unit ‘transformations’, which are specified. A summary account is given of the recorded occurrence of these constituents. Results are given of a chromatographic survey of the phenolic constituents of the leaves of dicotyledonous plants. The systematic significance of these results and of the recorded constituents is discussed. The probability is considered that in the course of evolution the ability to form (a) leuco-anthocyanins, and (b) trihydroxy-substituted derivatives, if lost, is not thereafter regained. The implications of ab→a0b0 being an irreversible process are discussed from the phylogenetic viewpoint. Especial taxonomic significance is attached to the restriction of certain unit transformations to particular families of plants.

Optimization of the extraction process of polyphenols from Thymus serpyllum L. herb using maceration, heat- and ultrasound-assisted techniques

2017-01-25

Aleksandra Jovanović , Verica Đorđević , Gordana Zdunić +4 more

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Lonicera japonica Thunb.: Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine

2011-08-16

Xiaofei Shang , Pan Hu , Maoxing Li +2 more

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Medicinal Plants of the Family Lamiaceae in Pain Therapy: A Review

2018-05-08

Cristina Mariana Urîtu , Cosmin Mihai , Gabriela Dumitriṭa Stanciu +7 more

Recently, numerous side effects of synthetic drugs have lead to using medicinal plants as a reliable source of new therapy. Pain is a global public health problem with a high … Recently, numerous side effects of synthetic drugs have lead to using medicinal plants as a reliable source of new therapy. Pain is a global public health problem with a high impact on life quality and a huge economic implication, becoming one of the most important enemies in modern medicine. The medicinal use of plants as analgesic or antinociceptive drugs in traditional therapy is estimated to be about 80% of the world population. The Lamiaceae family, one of the most important herbal families, incorporates a wide variety of plants with biological and medical applications. In this study, the analgesic activity, possible active compounds of Lamiaceae genus, and also the possible mechanism of actions of these plants are presented. The data highlighted in this review paper provide valuable scientific information for the specific implications of Lamiaceae plants in pain modulation that might be used for isolation of potentially active compounds from some of these medicinal plants in future and formulation of commercial therapeutic agents.

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Clerodane diterpenoids

1992-01-01

Andrew T. Merritt , Steven V. Ley

A. T. Merritt and S. V. Ley, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1992, 9, 243 DOI: 10.1039/NP9920900243 A. T. Merritt and S. V. Ley, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1992, 9, 243 DOI: 10.1039/NP9920900243

Classification of the Architecture of Dicotyledonous Leaves

1973-01-01

Leo Hickey

A classification of the architectural features of dicot leaves—i.e., the placement and form of those elements constituting the outward expression of leaf structure, including shape, marginal configuration, venation, and gland … A classification of the architectural features of dicot leaves—i.e., the placement and form of those elements constituting the outward expression of leaf structure, including shape, marginal configuration, venation, and gland position—has been developed as the result of an extensive survey of both living and fossil leaves. This system partially incorporates modifications of two earlier classifications: that of Turrill for leaf shape and that of Von Ettingshausen for venation pattern. After categorization of such features as shape of the whole leaf and of the apex and base, leaves are separated into a number of classes depending on the course of their principal venation. Identification of order of venation, which is fundamental to the application of the classification, is determined by size of a vein at its point of origin and to a lesser extent by its behavior in relation to that of other orders. The classification concludes by describing features of the areoles, i.e., the smallest areas of leaf tissue surrounded by veins which form a contiguous field over most of the leaf. Because most taxa of dicots possess consistent patterns of leaf architecture, this rigorous method of describing the features of leaves is of immediate usefulness in both modern and fossil taxonomic studies. In addition, as a result of this method, it is anticipated that leaves will play an increasingly important part in phylogenetic and ecological studies.

Medicinal Plants of China

1985-11-01

R. S. C. , J. A. Duke , E. S. Ayensu

Biological Activities of Diterpenoids Isolated from Anatolian Lamiaceae Plants II

2025-06-25

Ahmet C. Gören , Gülaçtı Topçu | Records of Natural Products

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and its bioactive compounds: therapeutic potential in bone diseases

2025-06-24

Cai Huang , Huan Jin , Yan Zhang +3 more | Frontiers in Pharmacology

Background Aging-related bone diseases encompass a range of conditions that emerge or worsen with advancing age, including osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, and they are placing an increasing burden on society. Although … Background Aging-related bone diseases encompass a range of conditions that emerge or worsen with advancing age, including osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, and they are placing an increasing burden on society. Although these diseases differ in clinical manifestations and pathological features, they often share common age-associated mechanisms such as impaired bone remodeling, chronic low-grade inflammation, cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and hormonal changes. Current therapies often face limitations in efficacy or long-term safety, highlighting the need for alternative strategies. Phytochemicals derived from Chinese medicine herb have emerged as promising candidates due to their multi-target effects on bone homeostasis. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EU) and its bioactive compounds (e.g., quercetin, aucubin, geniposide, geniposidic acid). may regulate key pathways to restore bone balance, offering potential for treating osteoporosis and other aging-related bone diseases Objectives This study aims to assess the therapeutic potential of EU in the treatment of aging-related bone diseases. Methods A literature search was conducted on the PubMed database up to November 2024 using the search term: “Eucommia AND (bone OR cartilage OR joint).” Results The review indicates that EU formulas, extracts, and bioactive components promote osteogenesis, suppress bone resorption, and exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These effects contribute positively to the treatment of aging-related bone diseases. Conclusion The therapeutic benefits of EU support its development as a promising tool for preventing and treating aging-related bone diseases. These findings provide new research directions to address related health challenges associated with population aging.

Exploring leaf anatomy in Athenaea species (Solanaceae Juss.): studying secondary metabolite diversity and potential taxonomic characters

2025-06-24

João Victor da Costa Santos , José Danizete Brás Miranda , Fabiano Machado Martins +3 more | PROTOPLASMA

Factors affecting the quality of Cistanche herbal: from the content of bioactive components

2025-06-24

Jing He , Y. L. Yue , Jing Zhao +4 more | Phytochemistry Reviews

Karyotypic features and cluster analysis of Callicarpa (Lamiaceae) from China

2025-06-24

Si-Rong Huang , Hong-Huan Yang , Jiang Wang +3 more | CYTOLOGIA

Neuroprotective Actions of Naringenin

2025-06-24

Isaac Olawale Babatunde , Omobukola R. Awoyelu , Opeyemi Oluwatosin Oladele +2 more | CRC Press eBooks

Essential Oil Profiles of Lippia turbinata (Verbenaceae) from Argentina: Insights from a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

2025-06-24

Fernando Livio Corzo , Franco E. Calvo , Emilio Lizárraga +2 more | ChemistryOpen

Lippia turbinata (Verbenaceae), "poleo," is an aromatic shrub native to Argentina, Chile, and Paraguay. Traditionally used as food and medicine, it exhibits a great polymorphism and essential oil (EO) variability. … Lippia turbinata (Verbenaceae), "poleo," is an aromatic shrub native to Argentina, Chile, and Paraguay. Traditionally used as food and medicine, it exhibits a great polymorphism and essential oil (EO) variability. This study analyzes the EO profile of the different populations of L. turbinata distributed throughout Argentina through a meta-analysis comparing their chemical composition of EOs reported in the literature. The meta-analysis comparison with available literature suggests the existence of chemotypes within the species that may correlate with infraspecific genetic differences, geographical origin of the plants, phenological stage, soil, and stress conditions, among other factors. This analysis reveals that the most frequent and abundant compounds are limonene, carvone, β-caryophyllene, and its derivative oxide. This approach of multivariate statistical analyses enables to compare EO profiles of different populations and identify critical thresholds for selecting chemotypes to optimize the species' applications in the food, pharmacology, and agriculture industries.

Range extension of Priva cordifolia (Verbenaceae) in Eastern India with notes on ethno-medicinal and therapeutic potential

2025-06-24

Shuvankar Dey , Ayush Bijalwan , Anant Kumar +1 more | Vegetos

Relaxing effect of Sideritis raeseri Boiss. & Heldr. on the uterus is dependent on calcium and nitric oxide signaling pathways

2025-06-24

Berat Krasniqi , Shpëtim Thaçi , Miribane Dërmaku‐Sopjani +2 more | Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research

Context: Sideritis raeseri Boiss. & Heldr. (Lamiaceae), commonly known as “mountain tea,” is a medicinal plant with a long-standing use in traditional medicine. Aims: To evaluate the effects of Sideritis … Context: Sideritis raeseri Boiss. & Heldr. (Lamiaceae), commonly known as “mountain tea,” is a medicinal plant with a long-standing use in traditional medicine. Aims: To evaluate the effects of Sideritis raeseri ethanol extract (SRE) on uterine smooth muscle contractility and elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: An ethanol extract was prepared from the aerial parts of SRE. Isolated rabbit uterine rings were suspended in organ baths containing physiological salt solution at 37°C, continuously bubbled with 95% O₂ and 5% CO₂. The relaxant effects of SRE (0.5–2 mg/mL) were assessed on spontaneous and induced uterine contractions. Uterine contractions were stimulated using carbachol (1 µM), high K⁺ (80 mM), oxytocin (5 nM), or indomethacin (10 µM). The involvement of Ca²⁺ influx and NO/cGMP signaling was investigated using L-NAME (100 µM, NO synthase inhibitor) and bradykinin (100 nM, NO synthase activator). Results: SRE significantly inhibited spontaneous uterine contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. It also reduced Ca²⁺-induced contractions under all tested stimuli. The relaxant effect was attenuated by L-NAME and enhanced by bradykinin, suggesting the involvement of NO-mediated pathways. Conclusions: These results indicate that the uterine relaxant activity of SRE involves both calcium modulation and NO-dependent signaling pathways. SRE shows potential as a natural tocolytic agent for the management of uterine hyperactivity or related disorders.

Network pharmacology integrated with molecular docking and experimental validation elucidates the therapeutic potential of Forsythiae Fructus extract against hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

2025-06-24

Fuqing Chen , Yifan Cai , Changzhou Chen +1 more | Frontiers in Oncology

Background Forsythiae Fructus (FF), a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, possesses anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties. However, the precise anticancer mechanisms of FF against hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma … Background Forsythiae Fructus (FF), a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, possesses anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties. However, the precise anticancer mechanisms of FF against hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain poorly understood. This study therefore aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of FF in HBV-related HCC and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Methods The active components of FF and their putative target proteins were identified through network pharmacology, and their interactions were further validated via molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In vitro assays were performed to evaluate the effects of FF extract on the viability, proliferation, and apoptosis of HBV-related HCC (HepG2.2.15) cells, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms. In vivo studies were performed to investigate the inhibitory effects of FF extract on subcutaneous xenograft tumors in nude mice, quantify serum cytokine levels, and evaluate the expression of key target proteins by immunohistochemistry. Results A total of 23 active components of FF and their 201 associated targets were identified using the TCMSP database, whereas 1,296 differentially expressed genes related to HBV-related HCC were retrieved from the GEO database. We identified 42 overlapping target genes between FF and HBV-related HCC. KEGG pathway analysis revealed the IL-17 signaling pathway as a pivotal pathway, with three core genes (c-Jun, ESR1, and MMP9) demonstrating prognostic significance in survival outcomes. Ten compounds were classified as high-quality candidates. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that Bicuculline exhibited the strongest binding affinity toward the core target genes, while MD simulations confirmed the stability of Bicuculline-JUN/ESR1/MMP9 complexes. In vitro experiments demonstrated that FF extract significantly inhibited the viability and proliferation of HepG2.2.15 cells, induced apoptosis, and exerted its effects via modulation of the IL-17/MAPK signaling pathway. Notably, adenovirus-mediated overexpression experiments showed that ESR1 enhanced FF’s anti-HCC effects, whereas JUN and MMP9 partially counteracted them, confirming their roles as functional targets. In vivo studies further confirmed that FF suppressed tumor growth, reduced serum levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α, and IL-17B in mice, and modulated the expression of core target genes. Conclusions The therapeutic potential of FF in HBV-related HCC was demonstrated, with its mechanism likely involving the regulation of multiple components, targets, and pathways. These findings establish a solid scientific foundation for exploring FF as a therapeutic option for HBV-related HCC.

Synergistic Effects of Pressure, Temperature, CO2 Flow Rate and Co-Solvent on Bioactive Contents of Thai Fingerroot (Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf.) Extracts

2025-06-23

Fahmi Ilman Fahrudin , Suphat Phongthai , Tri Indrarini Wirjantoro +1 more | Foods

This study investigated the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) to extract bioactive compounds from Thai fingerroot (Boesenbergia rotunda), focusing on the effects of pressure, temperature, CO2 flow rate, and … This study investigated the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) to extract bioactive compounds from Thai fingerroot (Boesenbergia rotunda), focusing on the effects of pressure, temperature, CO2 flow rate, and ethanol co-solvent concentration. A central composite design within a response surface methodology framework was employed to optimize the total extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). Conventional ethanol maceration was used as a benchmark. High-performance liquid chromatography identified the major compounds in the extracts, such as pinostrobin and pinocembrin. The results showed that the yield, TPC, and TFC increased with higher pressure, CO2 flow rate, and co-solvent levels, whereas higher temperatures had a negative effect (p ≤ 0.05). Interactions between pressure and temperature favored the yield and TPC but not TFC. The optimal conditions—250 bar, 45 °C, 3 L/min CO2 flow rate, and 100% ethanol—produced a yield of 28.67%, TPC of 354.578 mg GAE/g, and TFC of 273.479 mg QE/g. These values exceeded those obtained using conventional extraction (9.91% yield, 332.86 mg GAE/g TPC, and 77.57 mg QE/g TFC at 60 min). The regression models showed strong predictive accuracy (R2 > 0.9). Pinostrobin and pinocembrin were the dominant phenolic compounds. These findings demonstrate the superior efficiency of supercritical CO2 extraction for isolating phenolic compounds from B. rotunda.

Anti-colitic effects of Oldenlandia umbellata L. through NF-κB pathway inhibition in a DSS-induced mouse model

2025-06-23

X. Janet Bertilla , S. Rupachandra | Inflammopharmacology

Identity of Lagochilus xianjiangensis (Lamiaceae), a doubtful species from the Tianshan Mountains of China

2025-06-23

Y.Y. Chen , Yan Wang , Xiaoyun Wu +1 more | Phytotaxa

Lagochilus lanatonodus and L. xianjiangensis are perennial herbs endemic to China. Based on our critical examination of specimens and field investigations, the characters used to distinguish the two species are … Lagochilus lanatonodus and L. xianjiangensis are perennial herbs endemic to China. Based on our critical examination of specimens and field investigations, the characters used to distinguish the two species are unstable. In the present study, molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the Angiosperms353 gene set are conducted, and the results fully support that L. xianjiangensis is nested within L. lanatonodus. Combining the results of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, we here reduced L. xianjiangensis to a synonym of L. lanatonodus.

PHOTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PLANT PHLOMIS TUBEROSA

2025-06-22

K.T. Botabekova , S.B. Amangaliyeva , A.К. Kipchakbayeva | SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY

The study is devoted to the chemical composition of the above-ground part of the plant Phlomis tuberosa, collected in the Turkestan region. The relevance of the work is due to … The study is devoted to the chemical composition of the above-ground part of the plant Phlomis tuberosa, collected in the Turkestan region. The relevance of the work is due to the need for a detailed study of the pharmacologically active compounds of this plant, which has potential biological activity. To determine the chemical properties, quantitative and qualitative indicators of the main fissile compounds, physical and chemical methods were used. During the analysis of raw materials through HPLC, the amount of flavonoids, phytochemically important compounds and vitamins from the extract composition were determined according to the standards. The plant contains a content of quercetin - 0.182 mg/g. Also, the analysis of Phlomis tuberosa extraction was carried out by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the use of acetonitrila-1% toxic acid in the quality of the drug and the standards Naringin and Phloridzin. The results of the analysis show that in the extraction of Phlomis tuberosa is combined with Naringin and Phloridzin. The research carried out was carried out with the help of analytical methods and with the help of modern equipment. The amount of vitamins contained in plant raw materials was determined and it turned out that vitamin C is the most abundant. The obtained data can be used in the pharmaceutical industry to develop new drugs based on Phlomis tuberosa.

Macrostructure of Malus Leaves and Its Taxonomic Significance

2025-06-22

Yuerong Fan , Huimin Li , Jingze Ma +3 more | Plants

Leaves are the most ubiquitous plant organs, whose macrostructures exhibit close correlations with environmental factors while simultaneously reflecting inherent genetic and evolutionary patterns. These characteristics render them highly significant for … Leaves are the most ubiquitous plant organs, whose macrostructures exhibit close correlations with environmental factors while simultaneously reflecting inherent genetic and evolutionary patterns. These characteristics render them highly significant for plant taxonomy, ecology, and related disciplines. Therefore, this study presents the first comprehensive evaluation of Malus leaf macrostructures for infraspecific classification. By establishing a trait-screening system, we conducted a numerical taxonomic analysis of leaf phenotypic variation across 73 Malus germplasm (34 species and 39 cultivars). Through ancestor-inclined distribution characteristic analysis, we investigated phylogenetic relationships at both the genus level and infraspecific ranks within Malus. A total of 21 leaf phenotypic traits were selected from 50 candidate traits based on the following criteria: high diversity, abundance, and evenness (D ≥ 0.50, H ≥ 0.80, and E ≥ 0.60); significant intraspecific uniformity and interspecific distinctness ( ≤ 10% and ≥15%). Notably, the selected traits with low intraspecific variability ( ≤ 10%) exhibit environmental robustness, likely reflecting low phenotypic plasticity of these specific traits under varying conditions. This stability enhances their taxonomic utility. It was found that the highest ancestor-inclined distribution probability reached 90% for 10 traceable cultivars, demonstrating reliable breeding lines. Based on morphological evidence, there was a highly significant correlation between the evolutionary orders of (Sect. Docyniopsis → Sect. Sorbomalus → Sect. Malus) and group/sub-groups (B1 → B2 → A). This study demonstrates that phenotypic variation in leaf macrostructures can effectively explore the affinities among Malus germplasm, exhibiting taxonomic significance at the infraspecific level, thereby providing references for variety selection. However, hybrid offspring may exhibit mixed parental characteristics, leading to blurred species boundaries. And convergent evolution may create false homologies, potentially misleading morphology-based taxonomic inferences. The inferred taxonomic relationships present certain limitations that warrant further investigation.

Identification of phenolic compounds and evaluation of antibacterial activity of Pouteria splendens fruit extracts

2025-06-21

Valeska Calderón , Valentina Silva , Katy Díaz +4 more | Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas

The escalating global problem of antibiotic resistance necessitates the exploration of novel antimicrobial sources, particularly from natural origins. This study examines the potential of Pouteria splendens, an endemic Chilean tree, … The escalating global problem of antibiotic resistance necessitates the exploration of novel antimicrobial sources, particularly from natural origins. This study examines the potential of Pouteria splendens, an endemic Chilean tree, as a source of antimicrobial agents. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of fruit extracts revealed a rich composition of phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and stilbenes. The antibacterial activity of peel and pulp extracts was evaluated against a panel of clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coliwas the most susceptible bacterium to the pulp and peel extracts, which achieved a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 400 and 800 ppm, respectively. The presence of phenolic compounds like gallic acid, chicoric acid, kaempferol and resveratrol, known for their antimicrobial properties, may contribute to the observed activity. The results suggest that P. splendensfruit extracts are a promising natural antibacterial agent for the food industry.

Phytochemical profiling and molecular characterization of different Adenium genotypes

2025-06-21

S Padmapriya , Sa Deepak , V. A. Sathiyamurthy +2 more | Plant Science Today

Adenium obesum, or desert rose, is a member of the Apocynaceae family and is highly valued in horticulture for its ornamental appeal and resilience in container cultivation. The current study … Adenium obesum, or desert rose, is a member of the Apocynaceae family and is highly valued in horticulture for its ornamental appeal and resilience in container cultivation. The current study employed Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers to explore the genetic diversity of 20 distinct Adenium genotypes. ISSR markers help to identify genetic differences by targeting repeating DNA regions across the genome and they are easy to use, cost-effective and do not require prior genome information, making them useful for studying diversity in many types of organisms. In this study, ISSR analysis revealed a high level of polymorphism (81.51 %), demonstrating significant genetic variability. A total of 206 loci were identified using 25 primers, showcasing the genetic richness of the Adenium species. The genetic relationship between the genotypes was further analyzed through the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), a clustering technique that grouped the genotypes based on their genetic similarities, revealing clear genetic differentiation and confirming the robustness of ISSR markers in genetic diversity studies. In addition to the genetic analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of the ethanolic leaf extracts of Adenium obesum revealed the presence of 30 bioactive metabolites, including commonly identified compounds such as vitamin E, phenol, phytol and n-hexadecanoic acid. These results identified several bioactive compounds with potential medicinal properties, underscoring the pharmacological significance of the plant. Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of ISSR molecular markers in both genetic evaluation and the identification of bioactive compounds in Adenium species.

Exploring the medicinal plants and traditional knowledge for common respiratory ailments among farmers in Ilocos Sur, Philippines

2025-06-21

Corazon G. Pardo , J A R Paranada | Plant Science Today

Globally, medicinal plants have long been used in ethnomedicine across various cultures and traditions. However, there is still limited information on their specific use by farmers. This descriptive study explored … Globally, medicinal plants have long been used in ethnomedicine across various cultures and traditions. However, there is still limited information on their specific use by farmers. This descriptive study explored the taxonomy and use of medicinal plants and the traditional knowledge for treating common respiratory ailments among farmers in Ilocos Sur, Philippines. It utilized a descriptive research design, a survey questionnaire, an interview and observation, with frequencies, percentages and mean for data analysis. The study identified 22 species of medicinal plants from 17 families used by Ilocano farmers as traditional treatments for respiratory ailments such as coughs and colds. Various plant parts were utilized, including the whole Vitex negundo L. plant, the leaves of Origanum vulgare L. and Psidium guajava L., the leaves and roots of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and the fruit of Citrofortunella microcarpa. These were prepared as decoctions or juices, consumed orally, or used in aromatic herbal baths to relieve asthma, cough and colds. Traditional healing practices also included drinking warm decoctions of Citrofortunella microcarpa fruit, taking hot baths with a combination of boiled medicinal leaves and performing steam bath rituals. The use of medicinal plants for locally common respiratory ailments among farmers reflected traditional knowledge as these plants are available at no cost. This is a first-time study in this area to bridge the gap between traditional knowledge and synthetic medicine for screening of phytochemical and pharmacological properties of plants, as only a few of these plants are commercially available in the market.

Biological and Medicinal Properties of Chrysanthemum boreale Makino and Its Bioactive Products

2025-06-20

Christian Bailly | International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Chrysanthemum species represent an economically important group of flowering plants. Many species also present a medicinal interest, notably for the treatment of inflammatory pathologies. This is the case for Chrysanthemum … Chrysanthemum species represent an economically important group of flowering plants. Many species also present a medicinal interest, notably for the treatment of inflammatory pathologies. This is the case for Chrysanthemum boreale Makino, endemic to Japan and widespread in Eastern Asia. This perennial plant has long been used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory diseases and bacterial infections. An extensive review of the scientific literature pertaining to C. boreale has been performed to analyze the origin of the plant, its genetic traits, the traditional usages, and the properties of aqueous or organic plant extracts and essential oils derived from this species. Aqueous extracts and the associated flavonoids, such as acacetin and glycoside derivatives, display potent antioxidant activities. These aqueous extracts and floral waters are used mainly as cytoprotective agents. Organic extracts, in particular those made from methanol or ethanol, essentially display antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties useful to protect organs from oxidative damage. They can be used for neuroprotection. Essential oils from C. boreale have been used as cytoprotective or antibacterial agents. The main bioactive natural products isolated from the plant include flavonoids such as acacetin and related glycosides (notably linarin), and diverse sesquiterpene lactones (SLs). Among monomeric SLs, cumambrins and borenolide are the main products of interest, with cumambrin A targeting covalently the transcription factor NF-κB to regulate proinflammatory gene expression to limit osteoclastic bone resorption. The dimeric SL handelin, which is characteristic of C. boreale, exhibits a prominent anti-inflammatory action, with a capacity to target key proteins like kinase TAK1 and chaperone Hsp70. A few other natural products isolated from the plant (tulipinolide, polyacetylenic derivatives) are discussed. Altogether, the review explores all medicinal usages of the plant and the associated phytochemical panorama, with the objective of promoting further botanical and chemical studies of this ancestral medicinal species.

MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF POLYPHENOL-RICH EXTRACT AND EVALUATION OF DPPH RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY FROM LEAVES OF VITEX NEGUNDO L. (VERBENACEAE)

2025-06-20

Ngo Dai Nghiep , Ngo Dai -Hung | HUE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT

This research investigates the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of polyphenol-rich extracts from leaves of Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae) and evaluates their antioxidant activity. Dried leaf powder, cultivated in Ho Chi Minh … This research investigates the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of polyphenol-rich extracts from leaves of Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae) and evaluates their antioxidant activity. Dried leaf powder, cultivated in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, was extracted using 60% ethanol under varying conditions of sample-to-solvent ratio, temperature, and time. Optimal extraction was achieved at a ratio of 1:10 (g/ml), 50°C, and 40 minutes, resulting in the highest total polyphenol (72.90 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid contents (179.94 mg QE/g). The final concentrated extract showed a moisture content of 4.90%, extraction yield of 27.94%, and retained 42.84 mg GAE/g of polyphenols and 165.67 mg QE/g of flavonoids. Antioxidant capacity was assessed via DPPH radical scavenging assay. The extract exhibited moderate activity with an IC₅₀ of 66.08 μg/ml, compared to 12.61 μg/ml for ascorbic acid and 4.48 μg/ml for BHA. The results demonstrate that V. negundo leaves are a promising source of natural antioxidants. UAE was shown to be an effective and green technique for enhancing extraction efficiency. These findings support the potential application of V. negundo leaf extract in functional foods and phytopharmaceuticals.

Investigation of Plantago lanceolata L.: a multidimensional study on its biochemical profiling, antioxidant capacity, and biological activities

2025-06-20

Melike Ersin , Elif Gönül , Ezginur Duman +4 more | Communications Faculty of Science University of Ankara Series C Biology Geological Engineering and Geophysical Engineering

Plantago lanceolata L. is a medicinal and aromatic plant recognized for its antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. This research focused on evaluating its biological activity, antioxidant capacity, and volatile compound composition … Plantago lanceolata L. is a medicinal and aromatic plant recognized for its antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. This research focused on evaluating its biological activity, antioxidant capacity, and volatile compound composition through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The extract’s effects on biofilms formed by pathogenic bacteria were evaluated, showing significant biofilm inhibition and disruption. The antimicrobial activity was assessed based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. The extract exhibited strong effects against Staphylococcus aureus MRSA, Streptococcus mutans, and S. aureus MRSA+MDR strains. The antioxidant potential was assessed through the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, demonstrating a notable ability to scavenge free radicals. These findings suggest that P. lanceolata could serve as a protective or supportive agent against diseases associated with oxidative stress. GC-MS analysis identified the volatile components, with high concentrations of fatty acid derivatives such as linolenic acid and hexadecenoic acid. The study demonstrated that P. lanceolata possesses notable antibiofilm, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, making it a valuable natural resource. Owing to its bioactive compounds, this species exhibits significant potential for applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. It may also function as an important phytochemical in the drug developers' search for resources. Further research is required to expand its potential applications and prove its clinical efficacy.

Phenylethanoid Glycosides in Cistanches: Chemistry, Pharmacokinetic, and Antitumor Properties

2025-06-19

Jie Li , Xu Cao , Jing Lv +5 more | Food Frontiers

ABSTRACT Cistanches Herba (CH, known as RouCongRong in Chinese) is a parasitic plant from the Orobanchaceae family, with a medicinal and edible history spanning nearly 2000 years, dating back to … ABSTRACT Cistanches Herba (CH, known as RouCongRong in Chinese) is a parasitic plant from the Orobanchaceae family, with a medicinal and edible history spanning nearly 2000 years, dating back to the Eastern Han Dynasty. It has been traditionally recognized for its effects on alleviating aging, regulating the endocrine and immune systems, and enhancing metabolism. Cancer incidence has risen in recent years, driven by lifestyle shifts and diagnostic advances, yet remains a major challenge for modern medicine. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy often carry side effects that negatively impact patients’ quality of life and prognosis. Meanwhile, the antineoplastic potential of natural plant‐based compounds is increasingly gaining attention. Using advanced compound separation and identification techniques, various bioactive substances, including phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), iridoids, lignans, and polysaccharides, have been isolated from CH. Among these, PhGs have attracted significant scholarly interest, leading to numerous studies in recent years. Existing literature highlights substantial evidence of its anticancer properties. This review aims to systematically summarize the content of representative PhGs in CH species, their pharmacokinetic parameters, and primary metabolites in humans (intestinal microbiota) and rats (bile, feces, plasma, and urine). Additionally, the antitumor activities and associated signaling pathways mediated by PhGs in CH against various malignancies such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, among others, providing a theoretical foundation to support their future clinical application.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of Premna barbata Wall. ex Schauer stem bark in colon cancer: apoptosis induction, cell cycle analysis, and in-silico insights

2025-06-19

B. C. JOSHI , Vijay Juyal , Archana N. Sah +2 more | In Silico Pharmacology

Comprehensive Comparative Study of Five Medicinal Vitex Species Using Physicochemical, Phytochemical, HPTLC and FTIR Analyses

2025-06-19

Yogita Dhiman , Deepika Pandey , Sumedh Joshi +2 more | Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic medicine.

Background: This study aims to perform a comparative analytical evaluation of five Vitex species—Vitex agnus-castus, V. cannabifolia, V. negundo, V. ovata, and V. trifolia—to identify their similarities and differences. While … Background: This study aims to perform a comparative analytical evaluation of five Vitex species—Vitex agnus-castus, V. cannabifolia, V. negundo, V. ovata, and V. trifolia—to identify their similarities and differences. While V. negundo is the accepted source of Nirgundi, a key Ayurvedic herb for inflammation management, other species are also used under this name. The findings will aid in assessing their therapeutic equivalence and support the rational use of Vitex species in Ayurvedic formulations. Materials and Methods: Leaves of five Vitex species were collected, authenticated, and subjected to physicochemical analysis (loss on drying, ash value, extractive value) and qualitative phytochemical screening as per API standards. HPTLC was performed using the method given by HPTLC association. FTIR analysis was carried out using UATR. Results: Physicochemical analysis showed variations in loss on drying, ash, and extractive values among Vitex species compared to V. negundo. Phytochemical screening confirmed alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics in all species. HPTLC provided distinct fingerprints with shared bands, while FTIR revealed characteristic hydroxyl, carbonyl, and aromatic groups, highlighting chemical similarities and differences. Conclusion: This study compares five Vitex species, emphasizing their potential interchangeability and therapeutic relevance. Analytical tools like HPTLC and FTIR ensure herbal drug quality, efficacy, and standardization. The findings support sustainable use of alternative species, reducing reliance on Vitex negundo and promoting resource conservation in Ayurvedic formulations.

Discovery of iridoid cyclase completes the iridoid pathway in asterids

2025-06-17

Maite Colinas , Chloee Tymen , Joshua C. Wood +7 more | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Iridoids are specialized monoterpenes ancestral to asterid flowering plants (Albach et al, 2001; Stull et al, 2018). Iridoids play key roles in plant defense and are also essential precursors for … Iridoids are specialized monoterpenes ancestral to asterid flowering plants (Albach et al, 2001; Stull et al, 2018). Iridoids play key roles in plant defense and are also essential precursors for pharmacologically important alkaloids (Dobler et al, 2011; Eisner, 1964). The biosynthesis of all iridoids involves the cyclization of a reactive enol intermediate. While this cyclization occurs spontaneously at low yields, it has long been hypothesized that a dedicated enzyme is involved in this process (Geu-Flores et al, 2012; Lichman et al, 2019b). Here, we report the discovery of asterid iridoid cyclases (ICYC). We show that these enzymes catalyze cyclization of the reactive intermediate to form the two major iridoid stereoisomers found in plants. Our work uncovers the last missing key step in the otherwise well-characterized iridoid biosynthesis pathway in asterids. This discovery unlocks the possibility to generate previously inaccessible iridoid stereoisomers, which will enable metabolic engineering for the sustainable production of valuable iridoid and iridoid-derived compounds.

Green Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Studies of Vanadium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Vitex Agnus Castus Extract

2025-06-17

Saba H. Mahdi , Lekaa K. Abdul Karem | Baghdad Science Journal

Capparis montis-aquae, a new species of Capparaceae from Da Nang Province, central Vietnam

2025-06-17

Silvio Fici , Dan Thuong Sy | Kew Bulletin

Mediterranean Basin Erica Species: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties

2025-06-17

Khadijah A. Jabal , Maria Pigott , Helen Sheridan +1 more | Molecules

Erica species native to the Mediterranean basin are the principal Ericas that have found use in traditional medicine. Examples include treatments for urinary tract disorders, inflammatory conditions, gastrointestinal ailments and … Erica species native to the Mediterranean basin are the principal Ericas that have found use in traditional medicine. Examples include treatments for urinary tract disorders, inflammatory conditions, gastrointestinal ailments and weight loss. This review critically evaluates the ethnobotanical usage, phytochemical profiles and pharmacological potential of the Mediterranean Erica species, including Erica arborea L., Erica multiflora L. and Erica manipuliflora Salisb. A wide spectrum of bioactive secondary metabolites has been identified across these species, notably pentacyclic triterpenes (e.g., lupeol, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid) and polyphenolics (e.g., myricetin and quercetin glycosides). Extracts of these species have demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial and diuretic activities in vitro and/or in vivo, providing pharmacological support for traditional uses. Phytochemical profiles vary by species, plant part, geography and extraction technique. Filsuvez®, comprising pentacyclic triterpenes from birch bark, has clinical approval for the treatment of partial thickness wounds associated with dystrophic and junctional epidermolysis bullosa. The undoubted reservoir of pentacyclic triterpenes and flavonoid glycosides in Mediterranean Erica species warrants further comprehensive mechanistic studies, toxicological evaluations and clinical validation.

Investigation of in vitro genotoxic, cytotoxic, antiradical and phytochemical properties of endemic Verbascum diversifolium Hochst.

2025-06-17

Serhat Keser , Ebru Bahar Çiftçi , Samet Öz +2 more | Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials

Verbascum species are consumed as tea among the public, and these species used as a breast softener, expectorant, in the treatment of hemorrhoids and rheumatism, and as a wound healer. … Verbascum species are consumed as tea among the public, and these species used as a breast softener, expectorant, in the treatment of hemorrhoids and rheumatism, and as a wound healer. To investigate the antiradical, cytotoxic, genotoxic and phytochemical compounds of ethanol, methanol and water extracts of endemic Verbascum diversifolium Hochst. (Nizip mullein) plant grown in Elazig is the main aim of this study. Antiradical activity of plant was determined against ABTS, DPPH and OH radicals, and cytotoxic and genotoxic activities were determined against human cancer cell lines of A2780 (ovarian) and MCF-7 (breast) with MTT and Comet assays. All extracts of V. diversifolium were in the ABTS radical scavenging test; V. diversifolium ethanol and methanol extracts in the DPPH radical scavenging test; V. diversifolium methanol extract in the OH radical scavenging test showed higher antiradical activity than the standard antioxidant BHT. This plant was determined to be rich in total phenolic, total flavonoid, total proanthocyanidin, α-tocopherol, phytosterols and unsaturated fatty acids. DNA damage studies of V. diversifolium extracts were carried out by the Comet assay method using the parameters of the olive tail moment, tail density, tail length, head length and head density. The cell death occurred through the DNA damage mechanism, and it can be said that this plant shows effective cytotoxic activities.

Metabolite profiling and cytotoxicity of Tragopogon dubius fractions against MCF-7 cells

2025-06-17

Sheikh Showkat Ahmad , Chandnig Garg , Sharnjeet Kaur | Biochemical Systematics and Ecology

Effect of Phenological Variation on the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Different Organs of Capparis spinosa L.

2025-06-17

Saeid Hazrati , Zahra Mousavi , Saeed Mollaei +2 more | Horticulturae

Capparis spinosa L. (caper) is an important medicinal plant whose bioactive compounds vary significantly depending on its growth stage. This directly affects its pharmaceutical and nutritional value. Collecting C. spinosa … Capparis spinosa L. (caper) is an important medicinal plant whose bioactive compounds vary significantly depending on its growth stage. This directly affects its pharmaceutical and nutritional value. Collecting C. spinosa at the optimal growth stage is essential to achieving high phytochemical quality and meeting consumer needs. This study aimed to evaluate the variation of these active compounds in the aerial parts of C. spinosa across four phenological stages (vegetative, flowering, unripe fruit, and ripe fruit). The result showed that EO content was highest in unripe fruits (0.18%) and lowest in the flowering stage (0.07%) in leaves, while extract yield was highest in leaves of the ripe fruit stage (14.65%) followed by the flowering stage in flowers (12.66%). Flowering stage leaves showed the highest total phenol (56.20 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (17.10 mg QE/g) content, while the lowest concentrations were found in the ripe fruit stage of the leaves. EO analysis showed that methyl isothiocyanate reached the highest concentration in flowers at the flowering stage (41.6%), while isopropyl isothiocyanate reached the highest concentration in leaves at the ripe fruit stage (36.2%). Isobutyl isothiocyanate was found exclusively in fruits, with the highest concentration in ripe fruits (9.2%). Dimethyltrisulphide showed a maximum concentration in leaves at the vegetative stage, decreasing by 76.6% as the plant developed towards the ripe fruit stage. The dominant phenolic acids varied between phenological stages: cinnamic acid at the vegetative stage; rosmarinic and cinnamic acids at the flowering stage in leaves; caffeic and cinnamic acids in flowers; vanillic, cinnamic, and rosmarinic acids at the unripe fruit stage in leaves and fruits; and rosmarinic, cinnamic, and vanillic acids in ripe fruits. The results indicate that harvesting C. spinosa at the vegetative stage and in the leaves of the flowering stage is optimal for maximum secondary metabolite yield, providing valuable guidance for growers targeting food and pharmaceutical applications.

Filipendula vulgaris Moench Extracts: Phytochemical Research and Study of Their Cytotoxic and Antitumour Activity

2025-06-16

О. А. Struk , Yurii Klymenko , Oleh Коshovyi +5 more | Applied Sciences

Filipendula vulgaris Moench (syn. F. hexapetala Gilib., dropwort, Rosaceae) is widely used in folk medicine as an antitumour agent, but there is a lack of scientific knowledge about it. This … Filipendula vulgaris Moench (syn. F. hexapetala Gilib., dropwort, Rosaceae) is widely used in folk medicine as an antitumour agent, but there is a lack of scientific knowledge about it. This research aimed to study the phytochemical composition and cytotoxic and antitumour activity of aqueous and aqueous–alcoholic extracts from rhizomes with roots of F. vulgaris to investigate their effect on the development of experimental Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice, and their effect on the animals’ lifespan. A total of 10 phenolics and 14 amino acids were determined by HPLC in the extracts. The dominant phenolic compounds were procyanidins B1, B2, and C1, as well as metabolites of the tannins (+)-catechin and epicatechin gallate. For the first time, 27 volatile substances were identified and semiquantified using GC-MS. The principal volatile components were palmitic acid (41.0%), methyl salicylate (24.2%), and benzyl salicylate (17.5%). The aqueous–alcoholic extract was significantly more effective than the aqueous one. The treatment of mice with Ehrlich carcinoma using the F. vulgaris aqueous–alcoholic extract normalised the studied indicators. The growth inhibition coefficient of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was 62.3% and 65.8% on the 7th and 14th days, respectively. This was manifested in the inhibition of tumour growth based on a decrease in the content of ascites fluid in the abdominal cavity; a more intense manifestation of cytotoxic action on cancer cells; improvements in haematopoiesis, the antioxidant defence system, and the content of the studied bioelements in the blood serum; and an increase in the lifespan of experimental animals by around two times. The study results allow us to consider F. vulgaris rhizomes with roots as a promising anticancer agent for the design of pharmaceutical preparations and further study their effects on the human body.

Discovery of Novel Phenolic Compounds from Eutypa lata Through OSMAC Approach: Structural Elucidation and Antibiotic Potential

2025-06-16

A. Hernández Cotán , Inmaculada Izquierdo‐Bueno , Abdellah Ezzanad +4 more | International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Among grapevine trunk diseases, Eutypa dieback, caused by the fungus Eutypa lata, is one of the most critical ones, due to its widespread infection in vineyards and the lack of … Among grapevine trunk diseases, Eutypa dieback, caused by the fungus Eutypa lata, is one of the most critical ones, due to its widespread infection in vineyards and the lack of effective treatments. This fungus is a vascular pathogen that enters grapevines through pruning wounds. The infection process is associated with phytotoxic metabolites produced by the fungus, and as such, the identification of new metabolites from different culture conditions and broths could provide valuable insights into the fungus's enzymatic system and help its control. For the purposes of this study, the OSMAC (one strain, many compounds) approach was applied to investigate the secondary metabolism of E. lata strain 311 isolated from Vitis vinifera plants in Spain. A total of twenty metabolites were isolated, including five reported for the first time from E. lata and four that are newly identified compounds in the literature: eulatagalactoside A, (R)-2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methylbut-1'-yn-1'-yl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol, (S)-7-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzoxepin-3-ol, and (3aR,4S,5R,7aS)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-((R)-3'-methylbuta-1',3'-dien-1'-ylidene)hexahydrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-2-one. These compounds were extracted from fermentation broths using silica gel column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their structures were elucidated through extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, along with high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS). Compounds were evaluated for phytotoxicity against Phaseolus vulgaris, with only eulatagalactoside A producing white spots after 48 h. Additionally, the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae of selected compounds was tested. The compounds (R)-2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methylbut-1'-yn-1'-yl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol and (S)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]oxepin-3-ol showed the most significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, inhibiting S. aureus by over 75%, with IC50 values of 511.4 µg/mL and 617.9 µg/mL, respectively.

Multi-omics analyses reveal the effect of DNA methylation on iridoid glycosides biosynthesis in Rehmannia glutinosa

2025-06-16

Tianyu Dong , Yajie Du , Tingting Huang +6 more | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Rehmannia glutinosa roots produce a group of lipophilic bioactive components known as iridoid glycosides. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DNA methylation regulates the biosynthesis of iridoid glycosides in R. … Rehmannia glutinosa roots produce a group of lipophilic bioactive components known as iridoid glycosides. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DNA methylation regulates the biosynthesis of iridoid glycosides in R. glutinosa remain unknown. Herein, the development of R. glutinosa roots and the content of iridoid glycosides in the Wenxian region were significantly higher than those in Xinxiang. Low methylation level contributed to the accumulation of iridoid glycosides and the expression of related enzyme genes. Demethylation promoted both roots growth and development, as well as the accumulation of iridoid glycosides. Up-regulated RgALDH13, RgHDR1, RgG10H4, RgDXR1, RgG10H3, and RgUPD1, along with transcription factors (TFs), form the regulatory network for the biosynthesis of iridoid glycosides. Furthermore, the primary active region of the RgG10H4 promoter is located in the -164 bp region, where the RgMYB2 protein specifically binds to the TAACCA motif in the RgG10H4 promoter. Collectively, low levels of DNA methylation enhance the expression of core genes, followed by inducing the accumulation of iridoid glycosides, which suggests that RgMYB2-RgG10H4 plays a positive role in this process. These findings will contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of DNA methylation in the accumulation of iridoid glycosides.

STUDY OF AQUEOUS-ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF LEONTOPODIUM KAMTSCHATICUM

2025-06-16

Saveleva E.E. , Н. А. Булгакова , Chavyr V.S. +1 more | Medical & pharmaceutical journal Pulse

Edelweiss (Leontopodium) is an annual or perennial herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family, growing in the subalpine and alpine zones of the high-mountain regions of Europe and Asia. Most species … Edelweiss (Leontopodium) is an annual or perennial herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family, growing in the subalpine and alpine zones of the high-mountain regions of Europe and Asia. Most species of this genus are found in the mountains of Central and East Asia. More than ten species grow in Siberia and the Russian Far East. In traditional medicine in different countries, edelweiss is used to treat various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, heart, lungs, and oncology. Researchers have studied the pharmacological activity and chemical composition of the European species Leontopodium alpinum or Leontopodium nivale subsp. alpinum most thoroughly. This paper examines the phenolic composition and antiradical activity of aqueous-alcoholic extracts of Leontopodium kamtschaticum, cultivated in the mountains of southern Siberia. The total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins were determined by spectrophotometric method in aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic extracts with ethanol concentration of 20%, 40%, 70% and 95%. The antiradical activity of the extracts was also determined spectrophotometrically by reaction with stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The total content of phenolic compounds has close values for extracts on ethyl alcohol of 20%, 40% and 70%. The greatest amount of tannins was determined in the aqueous extract, and flavonoids – in the extract on ethyl alcohol of 40%. The highest antiradical activity (about 31%) was established for the extract on ethyl alcohol of 40%, containing the greatest amount of flavonoids. The lowest antiradical activity was shown by the extract in 95% ethyl alcohol with the lowest total content of phenolic compounds.

STUDY OF AQUEOUS-ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF LEONTOPODIUM KAMTSCHATICUM

2025-06-16

Saveleva E.E. , Н. А. Булгакова , Chavyr V.S. +1 more | Medical & pharmaceutical journal Pulse

Eugenol-based meroterpenoids with neural differentiation activity from Eugenia caryophyllata

2025-06-16

Yan Cong , Sheng Yan , Yimin Zhu +7 more | Phytochemistry

Metabolomic insights into pigment and bioactive metabolite alterations in Eucommia ulmoides leaves: A comparison between new variety and wild-type varieties

2025-06-16

Tiannuo Hong , Jiayu Gu , Lu Chen +7 more | Food Chemistry

Subchronic Toxicity and Effect of the Methanolic Extract of Micromeria frivaldszkyana (Degen) Velen on Cognition in Male Wistar Rats

2025-06-15

Elisaveta Apostolova , Kristina Stavrakeva , Vesela Kokova +7 more | Plants

Recently, compounds of plant origin have been the focus of increased scientific interest. Micromeria frivaldszkyana is a rare species endemic to Bulgaria, whose biological activity remains unknown. This article aims … Recently, compounds of plant origin have been the focus of increased scientific interest. Micromeria frivaldszkyana is a rare species endemic to Bulgaria, whose biological activity remains unknown. This article aims to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of Micromeria frivaldszkyana methanolic extract and its effect on cognition in rats. Following 90 days of oral administration, a histopathological evaluation of brain, kidney, and liver tissues was conducted. Additionally, serum levels of total bilirubin (TB), conjugated bilirubin (CB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CR), uric acid (UA), and urea (U) were measured. Cognitive function was studied after 7 d of treatment using activity cage test, along with tests for active memory, passive memory, anxiety, spatial and working memory, and explorative activity. The experiments showed no toxic effects of the extract in subchronic application. No adverse effects on brain function were observed after 14 days of treatment. While the extract increased the motor activity of the animals, it did not significantly improve the learning and memory processes. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of Micromeria frivaldszkyana in doses 250 and 500 mg/kg bw did not induce toxicity after 90-day treatment in rats. These doses did not significantly affect central nervous system (CNS) functions, although increased motor activity was observed after 14 days of treatment with the extract.

Anti-arthritic potentials of Raphanus sativus transdermal gel – An in-vitro study

2025-06-15

Jyothi Basini , Prasanna Raju Yalavarthi , Harichandan Sai KVVS +4 more | Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Extraction of saponin from Calophyllum inophyllum leaves by ultrasound-assisted extraction

2025-06-15

Setiyo Gunawan , Miftahul Hidayah Nugrahini , Mehdi Azizi +3 more | Ministry of Science and Technology Vietnam

UPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS Profiling, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Potentials of Marrubium vulgare L. Extracts: Experimental Analysis and Computational Validation

2025-06-14

Ines El Mannoubi , Nuha Alghamdi , Seham H. Bashir +6 more | Chemistry & Biodiversity

ABSTRACT Plant extracts are emerging as valuable options for food additives and therapeutic treatments. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of aerial parts of Marrubium vulgare … ABSTRACT Plant extracts are emerging as valuable options for food additives and therapeutic treatments. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of aerial parts of Marrubium vulgare L. crude extract (MVCE) and its subfractions. The MVCE (80% ethanol) contained steroids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenes, and cardiac glycosides, with total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of 14.96 ± 0.12 mg GAE/g DW and 12.27 ± 0.63 mg RE/g DW, respectively. All MV extracts exhibited potent antioxidant activity against DPPH • (0.106–1.864 mg/mL) and ABTS +• (0.298–17.084 mg/mL). The MV residual aqueous fraction (MVRF) showed significant cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines, including MCF7 (IC 50 = 5.47 ± 1.32 µg/mL), HT29 (IC 50 = 17.48 ± 1.47 µg/mL), and SW480 (IC 50 = 7.51 ± 0.36 µg/mL). Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry identified 26 bioactive compounds, with malic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol‐3‐glucuronide, and l ‐tryptophan as the major ones. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities of the above compounds to breast (PDB ID: 6CHZ) and colorectal cancer (PDB ID: 1HVY) proteins. Pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies confirmed their safety and efficacy, supporting MVRF as a potential therapeutic agent. These findings highlight MV as a promising candidate for future anticancer research.

A new cycloartane triterpenoid from the n‐hexane extract of the lianas of Gnetum montanum

2025-06-13

Truong Nhat Van Do , Hai Xuan Nguyen , Mai Thanh Thi Nguyen | Vietnam Journal of Chemistry

Abstract Gnetum montanum belongs to the Gnetaceae family. This plant's lianas have been traditionally used in Vietnam, India, Laos, and China to treat pain, rheumatism, arthritis, and bronchitis. By column … Abstract Gnetum montanum belongs to the Gnetaceae family. This plant's lianas have been traditionally used in Vietnam, India, Laos, and China to treat pain, rheumatism, arthritis, and bronchitis. By column chromatography and thin‐layer normal‐phase chromatography on the n‐hexane extract of G. montanum lianas, a new secondary metabolite, montacylortan A (1), were isolated together with three known compounds including cycloeucalenol (2), epicycloeucalenone (3), and 24‐methylenecycloartanol (4). Interestingly, cycloeucalenol (2), epicycloeucalenone (3), and 24‐methylenecycloartanol (4) have not been isolated from G. montanum in the previous reports. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined through NMR spectroscopic analysis and validated by comparing them with previously published spectral data. Additionally, all isolated compounds were evaluated for their α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity. The results demonstrated that compounds 1–3 exhibited significant α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity, with IC50 values ranging from 23.57 to 79.31 µ m , which were more potent than that of a positive control, acarbose, which had the IC50 value of 185.2 µ m . Among them, montacylortan A (1) exhibited the most potent α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 23.57 µ m , while cycloeucalenol (2) and epicycloeucalenone (3) had IC50 values of 79.31 and 45.90 µ m , respectively. These findings suggest that the isolated compounds from G. montanum have potential as α‐glucosidase inhibitors, which could be beneficial in managing conditions like diabetes.

Amelioration of Carrageenan/Kaolin-Induced Arthritis by Benzylideneacetophenone Derivatives in Rats

2025-06-13

Seungmin Kang , Mijin Kim , Hyun‐Su Lee +1 more | Biomolecules & Therapeutics

This study was done to evaluate the inhibitory effects of benzylideneacetophenone derivatives (JCII) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This was done by using carrageenan/kaolin-induced arthritis in rats and human RA fibroblast-like … This study was done to evaluate the inhibitory effects of benzylideneacetophenone derivatives (JCII) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This was done by using carrageenan/kaolin-induced arthritis in rats and human RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). In FLS cells and Jurkat T cells, JCII compounds at 5, 10, and 20 μM were used to treat the cells followed by stimulation with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) for FLS cells and PMA/A23187 for Jurkat T cells. Inflammatory mediators and cytokines related to activated T cell functions were then analyzed using RT-PCR and ELISA. In rats, JCII compounds at 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg were given intraperitoneally daily for 6 days. Thereafter, arthritis evaluation was conducted by measuring squeaking scores, knee thickness, and WDR as well as histological assessments of the knee joints. Inflammatory mediators were also measured in the serum of the rats. JCII compounds given at 10 mg/kg significantly alleviated arthritis symptoms especially on day 5 or day 6 following arthritis in rats. The histological results were found to be consistent with the behavioral evaluation that were measured. In stimulated FLS cells, the same pattern was seen wherein JCII compounds also decreased the levels of different inflammatory mediators and MMPs. Also, the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways were inhibited by JCII compounds. In addition, the level of TNF-α from activated T cells were downregulated by JCII treatment. These show that JCII compounds show a potential anti-arthritic effect at least via anti-inflammation and can be used potentially for the treatment in arthritis and the accompanying inflammatory disease.

Antimicrobial Potential of Bempedoic Acid as a Gastroprotective Agent

2025-06-13

Ketan Sharma , Anuj Kumar Sharma , Yogesh Murti +3 more | Anti-Infective Agents

Introduction: Bempedoic acid is a well-known lipid-lowering agent which in-hibits the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. It contains various chemical groups in its struc-ture, which are responsible for antimicrobial potential. The study … Introduction: Bempedoic acid is a well-known lipid-lowering agent which in-hibits the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. It contains various chemical groups in its struc-ture, which are responsible for antimicrobial potential. The study investigates the antimi-crobial activity of Bempedoic Acid (BA) against pathogenic bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: The disc diffusion method was employed for this study. Initially, Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) was prepared according to the standard formulation provided by Himedia. Specifically, 38 grams of MHA powder was dissolved in 1 liter of distilled water. The medium was then sterilized by autoclaving at 121°C and 15 psi for 15 minutes using an autoclave (Gentek India Pvt. Ltd.). After sterilization, the medium was poured into sterile glass Petri dishes inside a laminar airflow cabinet (Toshiba, India) under aseptic condi-tions, with each plate receiving 30 ml of the medium. The plates were left to solidify in the laminar flow. Once solidified, the bacterial inoculum was evenly spread across the surface of the agar using a sterile cotton swab. Ten minutes after inoculation, discs were placed onto the agar using sterile forceps. Each disc was loaded with 25 μl of sample at three different concentrations: 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 25 mg/ml. The samples were allowed to diffuse into the agar, after which the plates were sealed with parafilm and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Results: BA lacked significant activity against B. subtilis but exhibited notable inhibition against E. faecalis (zone of inhibition: 11±0.00 mm at 50 mg/kg), S. Typhi (10±0.00 mm at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg), and S. aureus (significant activity at 100 mg/kg). Discussion: Comparative analysis revealed BA exhibited efficacy comparable to that of ciprofloxacin in certain cases. Molecular studies highlighted BA's ability to mitigate bac-terial virulence by disrupting mechanisms, such as pro-inflammatory protein synthesis and mitochondrial genomic integrity, especially in E. faecalis. These findings underscore BA’s selective antimicrobial properties, suggesting its potential for therapeutic application in managing polymicrobial infections, gastrointestinal pathologies, and systemic diseases. Conclusion: The pharmacodynamic profile suggests BA exerts its antimicrobial effects by targeting bacterial virulence mechanisms, including the suppression of pro-inflammatory responses and the disruption of mitochondrial genomic stability. These attributes position BA as a promising candidate for further pharmacological development, especially as a po-tential adjunct to conventional antibiotics for managing drug-resistant and opportunistic infections. Further in vivo validation and clinical studies are warranted to establish its ther-apeutic potential and safety profile.

Phenolic Profiling and Bioactive Properties of Arthrospira platensis Extract in Alleviating Acute and Sub-Chronic Colitis

2025-06-13

Meriem Aziez , Ramona Suharoschi , Mohamed Sofiane Merakeb +7 more | International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Arthrospira platensis, a filamentous photosynthetic cyanobacterium, is widely recognized for its high nutritional value, broad spectrum of bioactive compounds, and excellent safety profile, making it a promising natural source for … Arthrospira platensis, a filamentous photosynthetic cyanobacterium, is widely recognized for its high nutritional value, broad spectrum of bioactive compounds, and excellent safety profile, making it a promising natural source for health-promoting applications. This study aimed to profile the phenolic constituents of an ethanolic extract of A. platensis (EAP) using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and to investigate its pharmacological effects in attenuating acute and sub-chronic experimental colitis, as well as its antioxidant and antifungal properties. Colitis was induced in BALB/c mice by intrarectal administration of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS), followed by oral administration of EAP at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. Phenolic profiling revealed eight major compounds, with a cumulative content of 6.777 mg/g of extract, with Pyrogallol, Ferulic acid, and Chlorogenic acid being the most abundant. In vivo, EAP treatment significantly reduced the Disease Activity Index (DAI), alleviated macroscopic colonic damage, and preserved colonic mucosal integrity in both inflammatory phases. Biochemical analyses revealed significant reductions in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, accompanied by increased reduced glutathione (GSH) content and catalase activity. In vitro, EAP demonstrated notable antioxidant effects, including 56% DPPH and 47% ABTS radical scavenging activities, and an 81% ferrous ion-chelating capacity. Furthermore, it exhibited antifungal activity, with inhibition zones of 20 mm against Candida albicans and 15 mm against Aspergillus flavus, respectively. These findings highlight the multitarget bioactivity of EAP and support its potential as a natural agent for managing intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress across both acute and sub-chronic phases.

Therapeutic Potential of Plantago ovata Bioactive Extracts Obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction as Influenced by Temperature on Anti-Obesity, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Activities

2025-06-12

Husam Qanash , Abdulrahman S. Bazaid , Naif K. Binsaleh +2 more | Plants

Plantago ovata has been utilized as an effective natural remedy with minimal side effects, offering a promising alternative to synthetic pharmaceuticals. The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of Plantago ovata leaves … Plantago ovata has been utilized as an effective natural remedy with minimal side effects, offering a promising alternative to synthetic pharmaceuticals. The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of Plantago ovata leaves yielded 0.417 g and 0.532 g at 40 °C and 80 °C, respectively. The 40 °C extract exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 15.62 µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) as low as 31.25 µg/mL against Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. In contrast, the 80 °C extract demonstrated reduced activity, with MICs and MBCs up to 250 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. The 40 °C extract also showed superior lipase inhibition (IC50 = 17.21 µg/mL) compared to the 80 °C extract (IC50 = 26.42 µg/mL), although orlistat remained the most potent (IC50 = 6.02 µg/mL). In addition, cytotoxicity assays revealed stronger effects of the 40 °C extract on Caco-2 colon cancer cells (IC50 = 109.47 µg/mL) compared to the 80 °C extract (IC50 = 174.81 µg/mL). These results suggest that the lower-temperature SFE of P. ovata yields extracts with enhanced antimicrobial, anti-obesity, and anticancer activities, supporting its potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

Hypolipidemic and HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitory Effects of 15-Oxoursolic Acid from Rhododendron arboreum: An In-vivo and In-silico Study

2025-06-12

Sajid Ali , Usman Ali , Muhammad Ishtiaq Jan | Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy

Hyperlipidemia is an identified risk factor for metabolic syndrome, obesity and cardiovascular complications characterized by elevated levels of lipids in blood. The present study aimed to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase with … Hyperlipidemia is an identified risk factor for metabolic syndrome, obesity and cardiovascular complications characterized by elevated levels of lipids in blood. The present study aimed to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase with 15-oxoursolic acid through in-vivo and in-silico assessments. The amorphous compound 15-oxoursolic acid was obtained from plant material through purification with a rotary evaporator and column chromatography. The male BALB/c mice were maintained under stabilized ambient conditions and sustained with standard food and water ad libitum. HFD was used to induce hyperlipidemia in rats. HFD-induced hyperlipidemia in rats was developed with a marked increase in total cholesterol (58.34 ± 0.21 mg/dL), triglycerides (45.45 ± 0.39 mg/dL), LDL-c (66.12 ± 0.10 mg/dL), VLDL-c (19.34 ± 0.16 mg/dL), and a decrease in HDL-c (10.34 ± 0.18 mg/dL). The oral administration of 15-oxoursolic acid at a concentration of 30 mg/Kg b.w significantly reduced the serum concentration of total cholesterol (42.65 ± 0.54 mg/dL), triglycerides (32.33 ± 0.16 mg/dL), LDL-c (50.34 ± 0.15 mg/dL) and VLDL-c (13.15 ± 0.45 mg/dL) respectively and an increased in the serum HDL-c (18.56 ± 0.34 mg/dL). 15-oxo ursolic acid also caused a decrease in the coronary risk index and atherogenic risk index. In-silico studies of 15-oxoursolic acid with HMG-CoA reductase showed significant interaction capability with binding energy (-9.26805 Kcal/mol). It is concluded that 15-oxoursolic acid could significantly reduce the total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels in HFD-induced hyperlipidemia rats, which might lead to new medication with significant hypolipidemic potential.

Establishment of a new approach for quality evaluation of Pseudobulbus Cremastrae seu Pleiones (Shancigu) based on multicomponent analysis and anti-liver cancer pharmacological effects

2025-06-12

Yuxin Cao , Zhuangzhuang Hao , Mengmeng Liu +7 more | Frontiers in Pharmacology

Background Pseudobulbus Cremastrae seu Pleiones (Shancigu), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been extensively used in clinical practice for the treatment of various tumors, particularly liver cancer. Shancigu is classified … Background Pseudobulbus Cremastrae seu Pleiones (Shancigu), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been extensively used in clinical practice for the treatment of various tumors, particularly liver cancer. Shancigu is classified into two commercial specifications—“Maocigu” and “Bingqiuzi”—which exhibit significant differences in appearance, chemical composition, and price, posing challenges for the quality control of medicinal materials. Purpose The aim of this study was to clarify the quality evaluation indicators based on the anti-liver cancer active components in Shancigu and to establish a reliable quality evaluation method to preliminarily assess the quality of Shancigu from different commercial specifications and production areas. Methods Twenty-six batches of Shancigu samples were collected. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to establish fingerprint spectra. In vitro anti-liver cancer pharmacological effect indicators were analyzed using the CCK-8 assay and scratch wound healing assays. Through spectrum–effect relationship analysis, serum pharmacochemistry analysis, and in vitro / in vivo anti-liver cancer activity evaluation, the effective component combinations of Bingqiuzi and Maocigu were identified and validated. Gray relational analysis (GRA) and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) were subsequently applied to assess the quality of Shancigu based on their different specifications and origins. Results Eleven key anti-liver cancer active components from Shancigu were screened and confirmed, namely, malic acid, citric acid, 2-isobutylmalic acid, gastrodin, batatasin III, 2- p -hydroxybenzyl-5,3′-dihydroxy-3-methoxybibenzyl, coelonin, 1- p -hydroxybenzyl-2,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenanthrene, blestriarene A, blestriarene B, and monbarbatain A. These components are present in Bingqiuzi and Maocigu in different proportions, and the anti-liver cancer pharmacological effects of the effective component combinations were found to be equivalent to those of the original materials, both in vitro and in vivo . These 11 components can be used as indicators for evaluating the quality of Shancigu. Quality evaluations revealed no significant differences between Bingqiuzi and Maocigu. For Bingqiuzi, medicinal materials produced in Guizhou and Yunnan were of better quality; for Maocigu, those from Guizhou and Sichuan were superior. Conclusion In this study, we established quality evaluation criteria for Shancigu and developed an innovative method to comprehensively assess the quality of Shancigu from different commercial specifications and production regions. By integrating component analysis with anti-liver cancer activity assessment, this research provides a valuable reference for the quality evaluation of other Chinese medicinal materials.