Engineering › Mechanical Engineering

Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques

Works Count: 64633

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on advancements in dimensional metrology, error measurement, and compensation techniques for machine tools. It covers topics such as thermal error modeling, geometric error identification, precision measurement technologies, nanopositioning, and large-scale metrology. The research aims to enhance the accuracy and quality of machining processes through improved error compensation methods and precision measurement systems.

Keywords

Dimensional Metrology; Error Compensation; Machine Tools; Thermal Error Modeling; Geometric Error Identification; Precision Measurement; CNC Machining Centers; Nanopositioning Technology; Large-Scale Metrology; Coordinate Measuring Machines

Experimental transition probabilities for spectral lines of seventy elements

1962-01-01

Charles Corliss , William R. Bozman

Non-Linear Parametric Optimization

1982-01-01

B. Bank , J. Guddat , D. Klatte +2 more

On bayesian methods for seeking the extremum

1975-01-01

Audris Mockus

Precision machine design

1980-04-01

Alexander H. Slocum

A Metric for Covariance Matrices

2003-01-01

Wolfgang Förstner , Boudewijn Moonen

High degree efficient symmetrical Gaussian quadrature rules for the triangle

1985-06-01

D. A. Dunavant

Abstract Gaussian quadrature is required for the computation of matrices based on the isoparametric formulztion of the finite element method. A brief review of existing quadrature rules for the triangle … Abstract Gaussian quadrature is required for the computation of matrices based on the isoparametric formulztion of the finite element method. A brief review of existing quadrature rules for the triangle is given, and the method for the determination of high degree efficient symmetrical rules for the triangle is discussed. New quadrature rules of degree 12–20 are presented, and a short FORTRAN program is included.

Recent advances in displacement measuring interferometry

1993-09-01

Norman Bobroff

The present state of high-resolution displacement measuring interferometry is reviewed. Factors which determine the accuracy, linearity and repeatability of nanometre-scale measurements are emphasized. Many aspects of interferometry are discussed, including … The present state of high-resolution displacement measuring interferometry is reviewed. Factors which determine the accuracy, linearity and repeatability of nanometre-scale measurements are emphasized. Many aspects of interferometry are discussed, including general metrology and alignment errors, as well as path length errors. Optical mixing and the nonlinear relation between phase and displacement are considered, as well as the influence of diffraction on accuracy. Environmental stability is a major factor in the repeatability and accuracy of measurement. It is difficult to obtain a measurement accuracy of 10-7 when working in air. Several approaches to improving this situation are described, including multiwavelength interferometry. Recent measurements of the short- and long-term frequency stability of lasers are summarized. Optical feedback is a subtle, but important source of frequency destabilization, and methods of detection and isolation are reviewed. Calibration of phase measuring electronics used for subfringe interpolation is included. Progress in 'in situ' identification of error sources and methods of validating accuracy are emphasized.

International Status of Thermal Error Research (1990)

1990-01-01

Jennifer Bryan

Reciprocal Averaging: An Eigenvector Method of Ordination

1973-03-01

M. O. Hill

A new method of analyzing vectors for changes in astigmatism

1993-07-01

Noel Alpins

This method of astigmatism analysis recognizes the need to define an astigmatism goal, thus allowing the surgeon to obtain precise, separate measures of the magnitude and the angle of surgical … This method of astigmatism analysis recognizes the need to define an astigmatism goal, thus allowing the surgeon to obtain precise, separate measures of the magnitude and the angle of surgical error. From this, the surgeon can evaluate what surgery may be required to achieve the initial preoperative goal. An index that measures surgical success is adjusted for the level of preoperative astigmatism. The resulting data allow statistical comparison of multiple surgeries and techniques. This method also assists in resolving the case when spectacle and corneal astigmatism do not coincide.

Simple approach to the relation between laser frequency noise and laser line shape

2010-08-27

Gianni Di Domenico , Stéphane Schilt , P. Thomann

Frequency fluctuations of lasers cause a broadening of their line shapes. Although the relation between the frequency noise spectrum and the laser line shape has been studied extensively, no simple … Frequency fluctuations of lasers cause a broadening of their line shapes. Although the relation between the frequency noise spectrum and the laser line shape has been studied extensively, no simple expression exists to evaluate the laser linewidth for frequency noise spectra that does not follow a power law. We present a simple approach to this relation with an approximate formula for evaluation of the laser linewidth that can be applied to arbitrary noise spectral densities.

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Refractive index of air: new equations for the visible and near infrared

1996-03-20

P.E. Ciddor

The precision of modern length interferometry and geodetic surveying far exceeds the accuracy, which is ultimately limited by the inadequacy of currently used equations for the refractive index of the … The precision of modern length interferometry and geodetic surveying far exceeds the accuracy, which is ultimately limited by the inadequacy of currently used equations for the refractive index of the atmosphere. I have critically reviewed recent research at the National Physical Laboratory, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, and elsewhere that has led to revised formulas and data for the dispersion and density of the major components of the atmosphere. I have combined selected formulas from these sources to yield a set of equations that match recently reported measurements to within the experimental error, and that are expected to be reliable over very wide ranges of atmospheric parameters and wavelength.

Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology

2004-08-05

Afie M. Badawy

Optical Refractive Index of Air: Dependence on Pressure, Temperature and Composition

1967-01-01

James C. Owens

The theoretical background and present status of formulas for the refractive index of air are reviewed. In supplement to Edlén's recently revised formula for relative refractivity, the density dependence of … The theoretical background and present status of formulas for the refractive index of air are reviewed. In supplement to Edlén's recently revised formula for relative refractivity, the density dependence of refractive index is reanalyzed. New formulas are presented for both phase and group refractive index which are more useful over a wide range of pressure, temperature, and composition than any presently available. The application of the new formulas to optical distance measuring is briefly discussed.

High Precision Scanning Ellipsometer

1975-01-01

D. E. Aspnes , A. A. Studna

We describe the design, construction, alignment, and calibration of a photometric ellipsometer of the rotating-analyzer type. Data are obtained by digital sampling of the transmitted flux with an analog-to-digital converter, … We describe the design, construction, alignment, and calibration of a photometric ellipsometer of the rotating-analyzer type. Data are obtained by digital sampling of the transmitted flux with an analog-to-digital converter, followed by Fourier transforming of the accumulated data with a dedicated minicomputer. With an operating mechanical rotation frequency of 74 Hz, a data acquisition cycle requires less than 7 msec. The intrinsic precision attainable is high because precision is limited only by shot noise or intrinsic source instabilities, even when relatively weak continuum lamps are used as light sources. Precision may be improved by accumulating the data for consecutive cycles at a fixed wavelength. The system allows complex reflectance ratios to be determined as continuous functions of wavelength from the near infrared to the near ultraviolet spectral range. Data reduction programs can be modified to calculate complex refractive index or dielectric function spectra, or film thicknesses and refractive indices, as well as the usual ellipsometric parameters tanψ, cosΔ.

Absolute calibration of an ABB IRB 1600 robot using a laser tracker

2012-07-25

Albert Nubiola , Ilian A. Bonev

Thermal issues in machine tools

2012-01-01

Josef Mayr , J. Jędrzejewski , Eckart Uhlmann +7 more

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Conjugate Direction Methods in Optimization

1980-01-01

Magnus R. Hestenes

Adjustment of an Inverse Matrix Corresponding to a Change in One Element of a Given Matrix

1950-03-01

Jack E. Sherman , Winifred J. Morrison

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Beweis des Ergodensatzes und desH-Theorems in der neuen Mechanik

1929-01-01

J. v. Neumann

Polarised interferometric spectrometry for the millimetre and submillimetre spectrum

1970-06-01

Deborah Martin , E. Puplett

Calibration of wrist-mounted robotic sensors by solving homogeneous transform equations of the form AX=XB

1989-01-01

Y.C. Shiu , S. Ahmad

To use a wrist-mounted sensor (such as a camera) for a robot task, the position and orientation of the sensor with respect to the robot wrist frame must be known. … To use a wrist-mounted sensor (such as a camera) for a robot task, the position and orientation of the sensor with respect to the robot wrist frame must be known. The sensor mounting position can be found by moving the robot and observing the resulting motion of the sensor. This yields a homogeneous transform equation of the form AX=XB, where A is the change in the robot wrist position, B is the resulting sensor displacement, and X is the sensor position relative to the robot wrist. The solution to an equation of this form has one degree of rotational freedom and one degree of translation freedom if the angle of rotation of A is neither 0 nor pi radians. To solve for X uniquely, it is necessary to make two arm movements and form a system of two equations of the form: A/sub 1/X=XB/sub 1/ and A/sub 2/X=XB/sub 2/. A closed-form solution to this system of equations is developed and the necessary conditions for uniqueness are stated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

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Tracking with debiased consistent converted measurements versus EKF

1993-07-01

D. Lerro , Yaakov Bar‐Shalom

In tracking applications target motion is usually best modeled in a simple fashion using Cartesian coordinates. Unfortunately, in most systems the target position measurements are provided in terms of range … In tracking applications target motion is usually best modeled in a simple fashion using Cartesian coordinates. Unfortunately, in most systems the target position measurements are provided in terms of range and azimuth (bearing) with respect to the sensor location. This situation requires either converting the measurements to a Cartesian frame of reference and working directly on converted measurements or using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) in mixed coordinates. An accurate means of tracking with debiased consistent converted measurements which accounts for the sensor inaccuracies over all practical geometries and accuracies is presented. This method is compared with the mixed coordinates EKF approach as well as a previous converted measurement approach which is an acceptable approximation only for moderate cross-range errors. The new approach is shown to be more accurate in terms of position and velocity errors and provides consistent estimates (i.e., compatible with the filter calculated covariances) for all practical situations. The combination of parameters (range, range accuracy, and azimuth accuracy) for which debiasing is needed is presented in explicit form.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>

Determination of the Gaussian and Lorentzian content of experimental line shapes

1974-11-01

G. K. Wertheim , M. A. Butler , K. W. West +1 more

The approximation of the Voigt line shape by the sum of a Gaussian and a Lorentzian of equal width is explored. The relative intensities of these two lines in the … The approximation of the Voigt line shape by the sum of a Gaussian and a Lorentzian of equal width is explored. The relative intensities of these two lines in the approximate function are related to the widths of the components of the Voigt function using nonlinear least-squares fitting. The useful range of the approximation includes lines sharper than Lorentzian and flatter at the top than Gaussian.

Laser interferometer for measuring high velocities of any reflecting surface

1972-11-01

L. M. Barker , R. E. Hollenbach

A laser velocity interferometer instrumentation system has been developed which can measure the velocity history of either spectrally or diffusely reflecting surfaces. The system provides two interferometer fringe signals in … A laser velocity interferometer instrumentation system has been developed which can measure the velocity history of either spectrally or diffusely reflecting surfaces. The system provides two interferometer fringe signals in quadrature to improve resolution and to distinguish between acceleration and deceleration. Accuracies of 2% or better are attainable for peak surface velocities of 0.2 mm/μsec or more. The system has been applied to the measurement of free surface motion in plate-impact experiments, and to the measurement of the velocity history of a projectile during its acceleration down a long gun barrel.

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Dispersion of Air*

1972-08-01

Edson R. Peck , Kaye Reeder

New measurements of the infrared dispersion of air are reported. They agree with series I of the 1962 data of Peck and Khanna, but lie below Edlén's 1966 formula. A … New measurements of the infrared dispersion of air are reported. They agree with series I of the 1962 data of Peck and Khanna, but lie below Edlén's 1966 formula. A two-term Sellmeier formula suffices to fit the resulting infrared (ir) data as well as the data selected by Edlén in the visible and ultraviolet (uv), being valid down to nearly 0.23 μm. Other possible Sellmeier fits are discussed, including extension to 0.185 μm.

Statistical investigation of the fatigue life of deep-groove ball bearings

1956-11-01

Julius Lieblein , Marvin Zelen

Fatigue is a n j m por ta nt facto r in determ.ining t he se r vice life of ball b ea rin g~.Bcarin g mallllfacturers a rc t … Fatigue is a n j m por ta nt facto r in determ.ining t he se r vice life of ball b ea rin g~.Bcarin g mallllfacturers a rc t herefore con sta ntly engaged in fat ig ue-testin g ope rat io nR in o rde r to obtain info rmat io n r elat in g fat igue life to load a nd other fact c rs. Severa l of t he la rge r man ufact urers have recently pooled t heir test da t a in a cooperative effo rt to se t up un ifo rm a nd sta ndardi zed ba ll-bearin g a pplication formul a s, w hi ch wo ul d benefi t t he ma n.v users of a n t i-Fri ctio n bearin gs.These data we re co mpiled by t he Ameri can Standa rds Associat ioll , whi ch sub seq uent ly r eq u ested t hat t he Natio nal Bureau of Stan da rd s perfo rm t he necessa ry a na ly ses .This p ape r s umm a ri zes t he prin cipa l r es ul ts o f t he analyses un de rta ken by t he Bureau , a nd d es cribes t he stat ist ical p roced u res used in t he i nvestigat io n . _ _ _ThE' main goal of this inves tigation was to determine the " best values" of the unkno\\'n parameters in th e life equ ation from the exp erimental data.One of the major problems was to determin e the value of the exponent p , as th ere was disagreem ent wi thin th e ball-bearing indus try wheth er an appropria te valu e for p was 3, 4, or some ot her value. Description of DataThe data available fo), analysis consisted of se ts of records summarizing endurance tests for deep-groove ball bearings.These tes ts were carri ed out over a p eriod of years by foul' major ball-bearing companies.In the interes t of trade anonymity, these compani es will h encefor th b e designated by A, B , C, and D .Each endurance test consisted of a numb er of b earings of the same type (the number varying from tes t to test), whi ch were tes ted simultan eously undel' the same load a nd runnin g condition s.T a ble 1 summarizes the numb er of tes t groups of data for each company .The da ta from compa ny B were sufficiently extensive to permit a further breakdown into three b earing types, her e denoted by B-1, B-2, and B-3.T A B L E 1. Summary of ball-bearing data

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Measurement of the refractive index of distilled water from the near-infrared region to the ultraviolet region

2007-05-30

Masahiko Daimon , Akira Masumura

By the minimum deviation method using a prism shaped cell, the absolute refractive indices of high-performance liquid chromatography distilled water were measured at the wavelengths from 1129 to 182 nm, … By the minimum deviation method using a prism shaped cell, the absolute refractive indices of high-performance liquid chromatography distilled water were measured at the wavelengths from 1129 to 182 nm, at the temperature of 19 degrees C, 21.5 degrees C, and 24 degrees C, and then dn/dt at 21.5 degrees C was calculated. The coefficients of the four-term Sellmeier dispersion formula were determined by using the refractive indices at each temperature. As a result of the comparison of our refractive index data in the visible wavelength region with the formula by Tilton et al. at the National Bureau of Standards in 1938, both the refractive index data corresponded within 6 x 10(-6). In the UV region, the absolute refractive index at 193.39 nm calculated by the data measured nearby the wavelengths from 200 to 190 nm was 1.436517 (21.5 degrees C). The value was lower by 9 x 10(-5) or 10 x 10(-5) than the data measured by Burnett et al. at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Geometric error measurement and compensation of machines—An update

2008-01-01

H. Schwenke , Wolfgang Knapp , Han Haitjema +3 more

An improved equation for the radio refractive index of air

1974-10-01

G. D. Thayer

New constants are derived for the equation relating the radio refractive index, n , at frequencies below 20 GHz to the pressure, temperature, and humidity of the air. The new … New constants are derived for the equation relating the radio refractive index, n , at frequencies below 20 GHz to the pressure, temperature, and humidity of the air. The new equation is urn:x-wiley:00486604:media:rds876:rds876-math-0001 where P α is the partial pressure of dry air (mb), T is the absolute temperature (K), e is the partial pressure of water vapor (mb), and Z α −1 and Z w −1 are the inverse compressibility factors for dry air and water vapor, respectively. Improved values of the constants are obtained by considering the relationship between the radio and optical portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. With the use of the full three‐term equation including non‐ideal gas law effects, the accuracy of the new radio refractive index equation ranges from 0.018%, or about 0.05 N , for dry air to 0.048%, or 0.21 N , for extremely moist air.

Error compensation in machine tools — a review

2000-07-01

R. Ramesh , M. A. Mannan , A.N. Poo

Techniques of Variational Analysis

2005-01-01

Jonathan M. Borwein , Qiji Jim Zhu

Geometrical Methods of Nonlinear Analysis

1984-01-01

Mark Aleksandrovič Krasnosel’skiĭ , П. П. Забрейко

Theory of Point Estimation

1983-01-01

E. L. Lehmann

Projection Pursuit

1985-06-01

Peter J. Huber

Projection pursuit is concerned with "interesting" projections of high dimensional data sets, with finding such projections by machine, and with using them for nonparametric fitting and other data-analytic purposes. This … Projection pursuit is concerned with "interesting" projections of high dimensional data sets, with finding such projections by machine, and with using them for nonparametric fitting and other data-analytic purposes. This survey attempts to put the fascinating problems and ramifications of projection pursuit--which range from principal components, multidimensional scaling, factor analysis, nonparametric regression, density estimation and deconvolution of time series to computer tomography and problems in pure mathematics--into a coherent perspective

Operational Modal Analysis of Civil Engineering Structures

2014-01-01

Carlo Rainieri , Giovanni Fabbrocino

Theory of Point Estimation.

1984-12-01

C. R. Rao , E. L. Lehmann

Theory of Point Estimation

1991-01-01

E. L. Lehmann

Theory of Point Estimation

1998-01-01

E. L. Lehmann , George Casella

Measurement technologies for precision positioning

2015-01-01

Wei Gao , Seung‐Woo Kim , Harald Bosse +7 more

Calibration of interferometer instrument transfer function using reconfigurable sinusoidal phase via spatial light modulator

2025-06-25

Antong Huang , Shuai Xue , Yudong Mao | Optics Letters

An integrated dynamic modeling and stiffness compensation approach for precision roller rotary table machine

2025-06-24

Aman Ullah , Tzu-Chi Chan , Shinn–Liang Chang | The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

Optimization of Machine Tool Spindle Cooling for Enhancement of Thermal Prediction Accuracy and Energy Efficiency

2025-06-24

Cheng-Kai Huang , Tsung‐Chia Chen , Kunying Li +2 more | International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology

Built-in sensor–based spindle radial error motion separation method for cutting conditions

2025-06-24

Xinping Xu , Tao Tao , Xuesong Mei +2 more | The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

Sensitivity analysis of rotating auxiliary components of a high-speed spindle shaft assembly

2025-06-23

Saif Ahmad Afridi , Esra Yüksel , Gilbert Rivera +2 more | The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

Abstract Machine tool spindles, complex dynamic systems under thermal growth, are significantly influenced by the shaft assembly’s dimensions, including the spindle shaft and various press-fit auxiliary components. Despite the importance … Abstract Machine tool spindles, complex dynamic systems under thermal growth, are significantly influenced by the shaft assembly’s dimensions, including the spindle shaft and various press-fit auxiliary components. Despite the importance of these dimensions, their effects on the spindle’s dynamic and thermo-mechanical behavior have yet to be sufficiently explored. This study employed a detailed sensitivity analysis for numerous auxiliary components to identify dimensions that most effectively improve the frequency response function (FRF) and minimize thermal growth. The dynamic and thermal analyses were conducted using the receptance coupling substructure analysis (RCSA) and a reduced-order model of finite element model (ROM-FEM), respectively. The findings revealed that, for the considered design, the front stepped sleeve, spindle tail components, and the shaft’s central hole are the most sensitive elements that offer an opportunity to improve spindle performance after bearing optimization.

Geometric distortion correction of oblique incidence laser interferometer system for helical surface topography measurement

2025-06-21

Jinjing Zhang , Liping Lian , Pengcheng Yang +3 more | Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Geometric error compensation through position feedback modification and comparison of correction strategies in 3- axis machine-tool

2025-06-20

Flore Guevel , Fabien Viprey , Charly Euzenat +2 more | Journal of Manufacturing Processes

Intradiscal Electrothermal Annuloplasty

2025-06-20

Steven D. Waldman | Elsevier eBooks

Advances in full-space frequency topography measurement of large free-form precision devices

2025-06-20

Kaixuan Wang , Jialin Shi , Peng Yu +4 more | Surface Topography Metrology and Properties

Abstract With the increased demand for high-precision large-scale free-form devices in aerospace, optics, and semiconductor manufacturing, significant advances have been made in surface and topographic measurement techniques. These devices have … Abstract With the increased demand for high-precision large-scale free-form devices in aerospace, optics, and semiconductor manufacturing, significant advances have been made in surface and topographic measurement techniques. These devices have complex and large-scale geometries and require extremely high accuracy, posing a serious challenge to existing measurement systems. How to strike a balance between large-scale measurements and submicron or even nanoscale accuracy remains a major challenge. This paper reviews recent advances in full-frequency topographic measurement techniques for large free-form precision devices, focusing on both contact and non-contact measurement methods. Contact measurement techniques, such as coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), stylus profilers (SPs), and atomic force microscopes (AFMs), offer advantages in terms of high-resolution measurements, but have limitations in terms of measurement range and surface damage. In contrast, non-contact methods such as subaperture stitching (SSI) and computational holography (CGH) offer solutions for the measurement of large areas and sensitive materials, but still face challenges in maintaining large range and high accuracy. The paper concludes with a discussion of the future potential of hybrid systems integrating contact and non-contact methods that promise to overcome the limitations of current technologies and provide the next step in high-precision metrology over large areas in advanced manufacturing applications.&#xD;

Tooth surface error correction method of hypoid gear based on Morris–LM (Levenberg–Marquard) fusion algorithm

2025-06-20

Jun Li , Zhonghou Wang , Mingzhi Chen +3 more | The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

Mechanism, calculation method, and analytical modeling of spindle thermal characteristics considering radiation heat transfer

2025-06-19

Jun Yang , Mengchao Wang , Chao Wang +6 more | CIRP journal of manufacturing science and technology

Dual-quadrature phasemeter for space-based interferometry

2025-06-18

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical Review Applied

Machine learning-driven prediction of Gaussian curvature deviation in reverse engineered freeform surfaces

2025-06-18

Sreeram Reddy Gundeti , Jagadesh Kumar Jatavallabhula , Pratibha Dharmavarapu +1 more | Surface Topography Metrology and Properties

Abstract The present study was undertaken to build a machine learning-based framework for predicting Gaussian Curvature Deviation (GCD) in reverse engineered freeform surfaces. The predictive capabilities of Support Vector Regression … Abstract The present study was undertaken to build a machine learning-based framework for predicting Gaussian Curvature Deviation (GCD) in reverse engineered freeform surfaces. The predictive capabilities of Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) models were explored to overcome the limitations of traditional error assessment methods. The models were trained with experimental GCD data generated by varying Noise Reduction Level (NRL), Triangle Count Percentage (TCP), Smoothing Level (SL), and Sample Percentage (SP). Feature engineering was employed by including higher-order interaction terms to capture nonlinear dependencies inherent in freeform geometries. An exhaustive grid search combined with cross-validation was employed to explore the hyperparameter space and identify the configurations that yielded the best predictive performance for each model. SVR surpassed RFR in terms of predictive accuracy and generalization by achieving a testing R2 of 0.8801, RMSE of 0.0024, and MAPE of 3.96%. RFR exhibited a higher training R2 (0.9168) but a lower testing R2 (0.6323) indicating mild overfitting. Qualitative analyses through scatter plots also confirmed the superior predictive fidelity of SVR. Confirmation experimental results exhibited a deviation of less than 5.3% from the predicted GCD% by SVR model and this further validated its robustness. This research transitions reverse engineering process from a reactive post-process assessment to a predictive, data-driven surface quality control. The outcome of this research can benefit fields like aerospace, biomedical, and precision manufacturing. Future research can focus on embedding deep learning frameworks and expanding datasets to enhance predictive accuracy across even more complex geometrical domains.

Thermal error compensation method for CNC machine tools based on unit adaptive thermal networks

2025-06-17

Tiejun Li , Jing Luo , Shuying Guo +1 more | The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

Development and Optimization of a Differential Signal-Based Fabry-Perot Interferometer for Nanopositioning

2025-06-16

Syuan-Cheng Chang , Chung-Ping Chang , Yung‐Cheng Wang | Tehnički glasnik

In this study, we present the optimization of a Fabry-Perot interferometer with a differential signal utilized as the laser encoder to meet the stringent demands of nanopositioning. The proposed system … In this study, we present the optimization of a Fabry-Perot interferometer with a differential signal utilized as the laser encoder to meet the stringent demands of nanopositioning. The proposed system aims to enhance stability and accuracy in nanopositioning applications by leveraging the common path structure and coaxial characteristics of Fabry-Perot interferometers. To improve the resolution of this system, an interpolation module is employed to increase the laser encoder resolution to 15.82 nm. Compared to the simulated interference signal from traditional Fabry-Perot interferometers, the differential interference signal proposed in this study is more sinusoidal, thus reducing errors in resolution subdivision. To verify the correspondence between the actual interference signal and the simulated one, a signal testing experiment is implemented in this study. Eventually, the experimental signal results demonstrate that the actual light intensity signals match the simulated results, indicating that this signal can be significantly beneficial for use as a laser encoder.

Inverse freeform design of a parallel-to-two-target reflector system

2025-06-16

Pieter Braam , Jan ten Thije Boonkkamp , M. J. H. Anthonissen +3 more | Journal of the Optical Society of America A

Convolution smoothing for five-axis machine path with physics informed neutral network-based smoothing error control

2025-06-16

Kun Li , Guanghui Zhou , Zenghui Wang +5 more | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> Continuous linear segment paths are commonly employed in five-axis machining. Nevertheless, the discontinuities at segment corners induce abrupt tool velocity variations that generate detrimental vibrations and mechanical shocks. These … <title>Abstract</title> Continuous linear segment paths are commonly employed in five-axis machining. Nevertheless, the discontinuities at segment corners induce abrupt tool velocity variations that generate detrimental vibrations and mechanical shocks. These issues emphasize the necessity of enhancing path continuity and smoothness. Traditional smoothing methods often suffer from limited computational efficiency, inconsistent smoothing performance, and inaccuracy in error control. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a convolution-based path smoothing approach integrated with a smoothing error control model for five-axis machining tool paths. Initially, this approach decouples the tool trajectory in five-axis machining into its positional and orientational components, then constructed convolution function at segment corners to smooth the path, and finally performs synchronized smoothing to achieve G2-continuous trajectory optimization. Furthermore, a physics informed neural network model is constructed to dynamically regulate the convolution parameters, enabling real-time control over the smoothing error. Through conducting simulation and experimental validation, the effectiveness of the approach in reducing tracking errors and mitigating spindle vibrations has been demonstrated. Specifically, compared with conventional approaches, a significant reduction in spindle vibration amplitudes is observed, with decreases of 49.8%, 23.1%, and 18.3% in X, Y, and Z directions, respectively.

METHOD OF TEMPERATURE CALCULATION OFSPINDLE ASSEMBLIES USING LARGE-BLOCK FINITE ELEMENTS

2025-06-14

Lyubov' Podkruglyak , Александр Денисенко | Transport engineering

Heat flows in machine tool assemblies are very complex due to the large number of parts included in their design. Therefore, heat flows are formed not only by the propagation … Heat flows in machine tool assemblies are very complex due to the large number of parts included in their design. Therefore, heat flows are formed not only by the propagation of heat from sources through solid parts, but, to a significant extent, through the contacts of parts between them. Imperfection of the contact at the interface of the separation of solids leads to the appearance of contact thermal resistance (CTR). Taking into account CTR in thermal models makes it possible to reasonably control heat flows in particularly precise assemblies of metal-cutting machines through design and technological measures. The accuracy of the spindle assemblies (SA) determines the accuracy of the machine as a whole by 80%. The thermal errors of metal-cutting machines account for 40-70% of the total error balance, therefore, heat flow control in the SA is very relevant. In the proposed method the sequence of stages for developing a finite element model of the SA temperature field using large-block finite elements is determined; the choice of the thermal model type and its division into large-block finite elements (FE) is substantiated; the thermal resistances of FEs and the heat dissipation capacities in the bearings of SAs are calculated; the equations of the equilibrium of heat flows in the KE assemblies of the thermal model with the choice of initial data for calculations are proposed. The proposed technique using large-block finite elements of the thermal model makes it possible to determine the temperature practically at any point of the structure.

Residual-based a posteriori error analysis of a Taylor--Hood discretization of the Reissner--Mindlin plate

2025-06-13

Dietmar Gallistl , Mira Schedensack | ESAIM. Mathematical modelling and numerical analysis

For a discretization of the Reissner--Mindlin plate model proposed by the authors in [SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 59(3), 2021], a residual-based a-posteriori error estimator is proven to be reliable and … For a discretization of the Reissner--Mindlin plate model proposed by the authors in [SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 59(3), 2021], a residual-based a-posteriori error estimator is proven to be reliable and efficient. The estimates are robust in the plate thickness parameter. Numerical experiments assess the behaviour of the individual error estimator components and the application to adaptive mesh refinement.

Comparison of structural stress-based methods for the fatigue analysis of idealized and as-built 3D scanned welded joints

2025-06-12

Jiacheng Qi , Jelle Plets , Wim De Waele +1 more | Journal of Constructional Steel Research

Enhancing thermal error prediction of ball screw feed drive system considering heat dissipation

2025-06-12

Yunfeng Jian , Bin Zhu , Hua Ren +2 more | The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

Research on Data Transmission of Laser Sensors for Reading Ruler

2025-06-12

Bailin Fan , Jianwei Zhao , Rong Wang +4 more | Applied Sciences

A coding ruler is a device that marks position information in the fordigital signals, and a code reader is a device that decodes the signals on the coding ruler and … A coding ruler is a device that marks position information in the fordigital signals, and a code reader is a device that decodes the signals on the coding ruler and converts them into digital signals. The code reader and encoder ruler are key devices in ensuring the positioning accuracy of coke oven locomotives and the safety of coke production. They are common information transmission and positioning detection devices that can provide accurate monitoring and information feedback for the position and speed of coke oven locomotives. Four encoding methods were studied, namely, binary encoding, Gray code encoding, shift continuous encoding, and hybrid encoding. The application scenarios and encoding characteristics of each encoding method are summarized in this paper. Hybrid encoding combines the advantages of two different encoding methods, absolute and incremental encoding, to achieve higher accuracy and stability. Hybrid coding has high positioning accuracy in the long-range coke oven tampering tracks, ensuring the accuracy and high efficiency of the tampering operation. A certain number of opposing laser sensors are installed inside the code reader to obtain 0/1 encoding and read the movement displacement of the code reader on the ruler. In order to effectively detect the swing of the coding ruler, a certain number of distance sensors are installed on both sides and on the same side of the code reader. Ruler swing is accurately detected by the sensors, which output and process corresponding signals. Timely adjustment and correction measures are taken on the production line according to the test results, which not only improves detection accuracy but also enhances the stability and reliability of the system.

Angle measurement accuracy requirement analysis for the relative angle determinable stitching interferometry (RADSI)

2025-06-05

Yudong Mao , Shuai Xue , Zhijian Hu +2 more | Optics Express