Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine

Works Count: 45563

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This cluster of papers explores the use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and photobiomodulation in various biomedical applications, including wound healing, inflammation reduction, neurological effects, tissue repair, and cell proliferation. It covers the mechanisms and clinical efficacy of LLLT in different medical fields such as dentistry, neurorehabilitation, orthopedics, and dermatology.

Keywords

Low-Level Laser Therapy; Photobiomodulation; Wound Healing; Inflammation; Neurological Effects; Tissue Repair; Cell Proliferation; Mitochondrial Signaling; Dental Applications; Therapeutic Photobiomodulation

A descriptive synonymy of the striated muscles of the teleostei

1974-01-01

Richard Winterbottom

Gaussian beam as a bundle of complex rays

1971-11-18

G. Deschamps

It is observed that the function G(P)=eikr/r, where r is the distance from the observation point P to a fixed point having a complex location, represents the field of a … It is observed that the function G(P)=eikr/r, where r is the distance from the observation point P to a fixed point having a complex location, represents the field of a Gaussian beam. This can be used to justify, without further computation, the application of formulas of ordinary optics to the transformation of beams through optical systems. It can also be used to solve very simply some problems of diffraction and scattering of Gaussian beams.

Exact Action Spectra for Cellular Responses Relevant to Phototherapy

2005-08-01

Т. Й. Кару , Sergei F. Kolyakov

The aim of the present work is to analyze available action spectra for various biological responses of HeLa cells irradiated with monochromatic light of 580-860 nm.Phototherapy (low-level laser therapy or … The aim of the present work is to analyze available action spectra for various biological responses of HeLa cells irradiated with monochromatic light of 580-860 nm.Phototherapy (low-level laser therapy or photobiomodulation) is characterized by its ability to induce photobiological processes in cells. Exact action spectra are needed for determination of photoacceptors as well as for further investigations into cellular mechanisms of phototherapy.Seven action spectra for the stimulation of DNA and RNA synthesis rate and cell adhesion to glass matrix are analyzed by curve fitting, followed by deconvolusion with Lorentzian fitting. Exact parameters of peak positions and bandwidths are presented.The peak positions are between 613.5 and 623.5 nm (in one spectrum, at 606 nm), in the red maximum. The far-red maximum has exact peak positions between 667.5 and 683.7 nm in different spectra. Two near infrared maxima have peak positions in the range 750.7-772.3 nm and 812.5-846.0 nm, respectively.In the wavelength range important for phototherapy (600-860 nm), there are four "active" regions, but peak positions are not exactly the same for all spectra.

Photobiology of Low-power Laser Effects

1989-05-01

Tiina Karu

Quantitative studies have been performed to determine the action of low-intensity visible monochromatic light on various cells {E. coli, yeasts, HeLa, Chinese hamster fibroblasts and human lymphocytes); also irradiation conditions … Quantitative studies have been performed to determine the action of low-intensity visible monochromatic light on various cells {E. coli, yeasts, HeLa, Chinese hamster fibroblasts and human lymphocytes); also irradiation conditions (wavelength, dose and intensity) conducive to vital activity stimulation have been examined. Respiratory chain components are discussed as primary photoacceptors. The possible ways for photosignal transduction and amplification are discussed. It is proposed that enhanced wound healing due to irradiation with low-intensity visible laser light (He-Cd, He-Ne and semiconductor lasers) is due to the increasing proliferation of cells.

Molecular mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by low power laser irradiation

2009-01-01

Xuejuan Gao , Da Xing

Low power laser irradiation (LPLI) promotes proliferation of multiple cells, which (especially red and near infrared light) is mainly through the activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain and the initiation of … Low power laser irradiation (LPLI) promotes proliferation of multiple cells, which (especially red and near infrared light) is mainly through the activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain and the initiation of cellular signaling. Recently, the signaling proteins involved in LPLI-induced proliferation merit special attention, some of which are regulated by mitochondrial signaling. Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), a member of tyrosine protein kinase receptors (TPKR), is phosphorylated during LPLI-induced proliferation, but tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor has not been affected. Activated TPKR could activate its downstream signaling elements, like Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/eIF4E, PI3K/Akt/eNOS and PLC-gamma/PKC pathways. Other two pathways, DeltaPsim/ATP/cAMP/JNK/AP-1 and ROS/Src, are also involved in LPLI-induced proliferation. LPLI-induced cell cycle progression can be regulated by the activation or elevated expressions of cell cycle-specific proteins. Furthermore, LPLI induces the synthesis or release of many molecules, like growth factors, interleukins, inflammatory cytokines and others, which are related to promotive effects of LPLI.

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Photobiomodulation Directly Benefits Primary Neurons Functionally Inactivated by Toxins

2004-11-23

Margaret T.T. Wong‐Riley , Huan Liang , Janis T. Eells +5 more

Far red and near infrared (NIR) light promotes wound healing, but the mechanism is poorly understood. Our previous studies using 670 nm light-emitting diode (LED) arrays suggest that cytochrome c … Far red and near infrared (NIR) light promotes wound healing, but the mechanism is poorly understood. Our previous studies using 670 nm light-emitting diode (LED) arrays suggest that cytochrome c oxidase, a photoacceptor in the NIR range, plays an important role in therapeutic photobiomodulation. If this is true, then an irreversible inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase, potassium cyanide (KCN), should compete with LED and reduce its beneficial effects. This hypothesis was tested on primary cultured neurons. LED treatment partially restored enzyme activity blocked by 10–100 μm KCN. It significantly reduced neuronal cell death induced by 300 μm KCN from 83.6 to 43.5%. However, at 1–100 mm KCN, the protective effects of LED decreased, and neuronal deaths increased. LED significantly restored neuronal ATP content only at 10 μm KCN but not at higher concentrations of KCN tested. Pretreatment with LED enhanced efficacy of LED during exposure to 10 or 100 μm KCN but did not restore enzyme activity to control levels. In contrast, LED was able to completely reverse the detrimental effect of tetrodotoxin, which only indirectly down-regulated enzyme levels. Among the wavelengths tested (670, 728, 770, 830, and 880 nm), the most effective ones (830 nm, 670 nm) paralleled the NIR absorption spectrum of oxidized cytochrome c oxidase, whereas the least effective wavelength, 728 nm, did not. The results are consistent with our hypothesis that the mechanism of photobiomodulation involves the up-regulation of cytochrome c oxidase, leading to increased energy metabolism in neurons functionally inactivated by toxins.

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Low-level laser therapy: a useful technique for enhancing the proliferation of various cultured cells

2011-01-27

Khalid M. AlGhamdi , Ashok Kumar , Noura A. Moussa

Photobiological fundamentals of low-power laser therapy

1987-10-01

Т. Й. Кару

Quantitative studies of the action of low-power visible monochromatic light on various cells (E. coli, yeasts, HeLa) were performed to find irradiation conditions (wavelength, dose, intensity) conducive to vital activity … Quantitative studies of the action of low-power visible monochromatic light on various cells (E. coli, yeasts, HeLa) were performed to find irradiation conditions (wavelength, dose, intensity) conducive to vital activity stimulation. The action spectra of visible light on DNA and RNA synthesis in HeLa cells have maxima near 404, 620, 680, 760, and 830 nm. Growth simulation of E. coli is at a maximum when irradiated at 404, 454, 570, 620, and 750 nm, and biomass accumulation stimulation in yeasts has a maxima at 404, 570, 620, 680, and 760 nm. Absorption of quanta is only a trigger for the rearrangement of cellular metabolism, with photosignal transduction being effected by standard cellular means such as changes in the cAMP level. Respiratory chain components are discussed as primary photoacceptors. It is concluded that "laser biostimulation" is of a photobiological nature, and low-power laser effects can be related to well-known photobiological phenomena.

The biomedical effects of laser application

1985-01-01

E Mester , Á. Mester , Ádám R. Mester

Abstract This paper briefly reviews the authors' experimental and clinical use of lasers over a 20‐year period, during which laser effects on 15 biological systems were studied. Low‐energy laser radiation … Abstract This paper briefly reviews the authors' experimental and clinical use of lasers over a 20‐year period, during which laser effects on 15 biological systems were studied. Low‐energy laser radiation was found to have a stimulating effect on cells, and high‐energy radiation had an inhibiting effect. The application of lasers to stimulate wound healing in cases of nonhealing ulcers is recommended.

Effect of NASA Light-Emitting Diode Irradiation on Wound Healing

2001-12-01

Harry T. Whelan , Robert L. Smits , Ellen V. Buchman +7 more

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and near-infrared light therapy on wound healing. Background Data: Light-emitting diodes (LED), originally developed for … Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and near-infrared light therapy on wound healing. Background Data: Light-emitting diodes (LED), originally developed for NASA plant growth experiments in space show promise for delivering light deep into tissues of the body to promote wound healing and human tissue growth. In this paper, we review and present our new data of LED treatment on cells grown in culture, on ischemic and diabetic wounds in rat models, and on acute and chronic wounds in humans. Materials and Methods: In vitro and in vivo (animal and human) studies utilized a variety of LED wavelength, power intensity, and energy density parameters to begin to identify conditions for each biological tissue that are optimal for biostimulation. Results: LED produced in vitro increases of cell growth of 140-200% in mouse-derived fibroblasts, rat-derived osteoblasts, and rat-derived skeletal muscle cells, and increases in growth of 155-171% of normal human epithelial cells. Wound size decreased up to 36% in conjunction with HBO in ischemic rat models. LED produced improvement of greater than 40% in musculoskeletal training injuries in Navy SEAL team members, and decreased wound healing time in crew members aboard a U.S. Naval submarine. LED produced a 47% reduction in pain of children suffering from oral mucositis. Conclusion: We believe that the use of NASA LED for light therapy alone, and in conjunction with hyperbaric oxygen, will greatly enhance the natural wound healing process, and more quickly return the patient to a preinjury/illness level of activity. This work is supported and managed through the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center-SBIR Program.

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Low-Level Laser Therapy in Acute Pain: A Systematic Review of Possible Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Effects in Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials

2006-04-01

Jan Magnus Bjordal , Mark I. Johnson , Vegard V. Iversen +2 more

Objective: The aim of this study was to review the biological and clinical short-term effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in acute pain from soft-tissue injury. Background Data: It is … Objective: The aim of this study was to review the biological and clinical short-term effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in acute pain from soft-tissue injury. Background Data: It is unclear if and how LLLT can reduce acute pain. Methods: Literature search of (i) controlled laboratory trials investigating potential biological mechanisms for pain relief and (ii) randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials which measure outcomes within the first 7 days after acute soft-tissue injury. Results: There is strong evidence from 19 out of 22 controlled laboratory studies that LLLT can modulate inflammatory pain by reducing levels of biochemical markers (PGE2, mRNA Cox 2, IL-1β, TNFα), neutrophil cell influx, oxidative stress, and formation of edema and hemorrhage in a dosedependent manner (median dose 7.5 J/cm2, range 0.3–19 J/cm2). Four comparisons with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in animal studies found optimal doses of LLLT and NSAIDs to be equally effective. Seven randomized placebo-controlled trials found no significant results after irradiating only a single point on the skin overlying the site of injury, or after using a total energy dose below 5 Joules. Nine randomized placebo-controlled trials (n = 609) were of acceptable methodological quality, and irradiated three or more points and/or more than 2.5 cm2 at site of injury or surgical incision, with a total energy of 5.0–19.5 Joules. Results in these nine trials were significantly in favor of LLLT groups over placebo groups in 15 out of 18 outcome comparisons. Poor and heterogeneous data presentation hampered statistical pooling of continuous data. Categorical data of subjective improvement were homogeneous (Q-value = 7.1) and could be calculated from four trials (n = 379) giving a significant relative risk for improvement of 2.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–3.9) in a fixed effects model. Conclusion: LLLT can modulate inflammatory processes in a dose-dependent manner and can be titrated to significantly reduce acute inflammatory pain in clinical settings. Further clinical trials with adequate LLLT doses are needed to precisely estimate the effect size for LLLT in acute pain.

Ablation of Polymers and Biological Tissue by Ultraviolet Lasers

1986-10-31

R. Srinivasan

When pulsed, ultraviolet laser radiation falls on the surface of an organic polymer or biological tissue, the material at the surface is spontaneously etched away to a depth of 0.1 … When pulsed, ultraviolet laser radiation falls on the surface of an organic polymer or biological tissue, the material at the surface is spontaneously etched away to a depth of 0.1 to several micrometers. In the process, the depth of etching is controlled by the width of the pulse and the fluence of the laser, and there is no detectable thermal damage to the substrate. The material that is removed by etching consists of products ranging from atoms to small fragments of the polymer. They are ejected at supersonic velocities. This dry photoetching technique is useful in patterning polymer films. It is also under serious investigation in several areas in surgery.

Effect of low‐power laser irradiation on cell growth and procollagen synthesis of cultured fibroblasts

2002-09-25

Aymann Nassif Pereira , Carlos Eduardo , Edmir Matson +1 more

Abstract Background and Objectives In dentistry, low‐power lasers have been used in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, gingivitis, periodontitis, and different forms of oral ulcers. This in vitro study focuses … Abstract Background and Objectives In dentistry, low‐power lasers have been used in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, gingivitis, periodontitis, and different forms of oral ulcers. This in vitro study focuses on the biostimulation of NIH‐3T3 fibroblasts by a low‐power Ga–As‐pulsed laser. Study Design/Materials and Methods We have studied cell growth and procollagen synthesis of cultured fibroblasts submitted to low‐power laser irradiation with energy densities varying from 3 to 5 J/cm 2 over a period of 1–6 days. The light source was a 120 mW Ga–As diode laser (λ = 904 nm). Growth curves and procollagen immunoprecipitation were obtained. Results Irradiation of 3 and 4 J/cm 2 increased the cell numbers about threefold to sixfold comparing to control cultures. However, this effect was restricted to a small range of energy densities since 5 J/cm 2 had no effect on cell growth. The energy density of 3 J/cm 2 remarkably increased cell growth, with no effect on procollagen synthesis, as demonstrated by the immunoprecipitation analysis. Conclusions Our results showed that a particular laser irradiation stimulates fibroblast proliferation, without impairing procollagen synthesis. Lasers Surg. Med. 31:263–267, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

On Cause and Effect in Biology

1962-03-16

William H. Kane

Biostimulation of wound healing by low‐energy laser irradiation A review

1996-05-01

Michael J. Conlan , John W. Rapley , Charles M. Cobb

Abstract This paper reviews studies on the basic principles of biostimulation of wound healing by various low‐energy lasers. It looks at the mechanism of action of biostimulation as well as … Abstract This paper reviews studies on the basic principles of biostimulation of wound healing by various low‐energy lasers. It looks at the mechanism of action of biostimulation as well as the lasers effect on cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and would healing.

Generation of Optical Harmonics

1961-08-15

P. A. Franken , Anna Hill , C. W. Peters +1 more

This article appears in the following collections:The Physical Review Journals Celebrate The International Year of LightThe editors of the Physical Review journals revisit papers that represent important breakthroughs in the … This article appears in the following collections:The Physical Review Journals Celebrate The International Year of LightThe editors of the Physical Review journals revisit papers that represent important breakthroughs in the field of optics.Letters from the Past - A PRL Retrospective2008 marked PRL's 50th anniversary. As part of the celebrations a collection of milestone Letters was started. The collection contains Letters that have made long-lived contributions to physics, either by announcing significant discoveries, or by initiating new areas of research.

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Mixing of Light Beams in Crystals

1962-01-01

J. A. Giordmaine

Optical-Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Tissue

2011-01-01

Ashley J. Welch , Martin J. C. van Gemert

Experimental studies of the application of the Er:YAG laser on dental hard substances: I. Measurement of the ablation rate

1989-01-01

Raimund Hibst , Ulrich Keller

Abstract Up to now lasers have not achieved any practical importance in dentistry for drilling teeth because of considerable damage to the surrounding tissue. We studied the application of pulsed … Abstract Up to now lasers have not achieved any practical importance in dentistry for drilling teeth because of considerable damage to the surrounding tissue. We studied the application of pulsed 2.94 μm Er:YAG laser radiation in vitro on extracted teeth to remove enamel, dentin, and carious lesions. The depth and diameter of laser‐drilled holes were measured as a function of pulse number and radiant exposure. The tissue removal is very effective both for dentin and enamel.

Experimental studies of the application of the Er:YAG laser on dental hard substances: II. Light microscopic and SEM investigations

1989-01-01

Ulrich Keller , Raimund Hibst

Abstract Many studies have been undertaken trying to use various laser systems as optical drills on dental enamel and dentin, but the high radiant exposure needed and subsequent high temperature … Abstract Many studies have been undertaken trying to use various laser systems as optical drills on dental enamel and dentin, but the high radiant exposure needed and subsequent high temperature rises lead to fractures of the hard substances and possible damages to the pulp. Compared to the other laser systems, the use of the Er:Yag laser has given encouraging results. Optical and scanning electron microscopy showed only minimal if any damage of the surrounding tissue.

Phototherapy of tumors

1983-11-01

S. G. Bown

Mitochondrial Signaling in Mammalian Cells Activated by Red and Near‐IR Radiation

2008-07-21

Tiina I. Karu

Mitochondrial signaling is an information channel between the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the nucleus for the transduction signals regarding the functional state of the mitochondria. The present review examines the … Mitochondrial signaling is an information channel between the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the nucleus for the transduction signals regarding the functional state of the mitochondria. The present review examines the question whether radiation of visible and near-IR (IR-A) radiation can activate this retrograde-type cellular signaling pathway. Experimental data about modulation of elements of mitochondrial retrograde signaling by the irradiation (mitochondrial membrane potential DeltaPsi(m), reactive oxygen species ROS, Ca(2+), NO, pH(i), fission-fusion homeostasis of mitochondria) are reviewed. The terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain cytochrome c oxidase is considered as the photoacceptor. Functions of cytochrome c oxidase as a signal generator as well as a signal transducer in irradiated cells are outlined.

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Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo or active-treatment controlled trials

2009-11-14

Roberta Chow , Mark I. Johnson , Rodrigo AB Lopes-Martins +1 more

Lasers in nonsurgical periodontal therapy

2004-08-25

Akira Aoki , Katia M. Sasaki , Hisashi Watanabe +1 more

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Low-Level Laser Therapy for Wound Healing: Mechanism and Efficacy

2006-03-21

William Posten , David A. Wrone , Jeffrey S. Dover +3 more

Given the recent interest in light-emitting diode (LED) photomodulation and minimally invasive nonablative laser therapies, it is timely to investigate reports that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may have utility in … Given the recent interest in light-emitting diode (LED) photomodulation and minimally invasive nonablative laser therapies, it is timely to investigate reports that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may have utility in wound healing.To critically evaluate reported in vitro models and in vivo animal and human studies and to assess the qualitative and quantitative sufficiency of evidence for the efficacy of LLLT in promoting wound healing.Literature review, 1965 to 2003.In examining the effects of LLLT on cell cultures in vitro, some articles report an increase in cell proliferation and collagen production using specific and somewhat arbitrary laser settings with the helium neon (HeNe) and gallium arsenide lasers, but none of the available studies address the mechanism, whether photothermal, photochemical, or photomechanical, whereby LLLT may be exerting its effect. Some studies, especially those using HeNe lasers, report improvements in surgical wound healing in a rodent model; however, these results have not been duplicated in animals such as pigs, which have skin that more closely resembles that of humans. In humans, beneficial effects on superficial wound healing found in small case series have not been replicated in larger studies.To better understand the utility of LLLT in cutaneous wound healing, good clinical studies that correlate cellular effects and biologic processes are needed. Future studies should be well-controlled investigations with rational selection of lasers and treatment parameters. In the absence of such studies, the literature does not appear to support widespread use of LLLT in wound healing at this time. Although applications of high-energy (10-100 W) lasers are well established with significant supportive literature and widespread use, conflicting studies in the literature have limited low-level laser therapy (LLLT) use in the United States to investigational use only. Yet LLLT is used clinically in many other areas, including Canada, Europe, and Asia, for the treatment of various neurologic, chiropractic, dental, and dermatologic disorders. To understand this discrepancy, it is useful to review the studies on LLLT that have, to date, precluded Food and Drug Administration approval of many such technologies in the United States. The fundamental question is whether there is sufficient evidence to support the use of LLLT.

Biphasic Dose Response in Low Level Light Therapy – an Update

2011-09-02

Ying‐Ying Huang , Sulbha K. Sharma , James D. Carroll +1 more

Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) has been known since 1967 but still remains controversial due to incomplete understanding of the basic mechanisms and the selection of inappropriate dosimetric parameters that … Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) has been known since 1967 but still remains controversial due to incomplete understanding of the basic mechanisms and the selection of inappropriate dosimetric parameters that led to negative studies. The biphasic dose-response or Arndt-Schulz curve in LLLT has been shown both in vitro studies and in animal experiments. This review will provide an update to our previous ( Huang et al. 2009 ) coverage of this topic. In vitro mediators of LLLT such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and mitochondrial membrane potential show biphasic patterns, while others such as mitochondrial reactive oxygen species show a triphasic dose-response with two distinct peaks. The Janus nature of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may act as a beneficial signaling molecule at low concentrations and a harmful cytotoxic agent at high concentrations, may partly explain the observed responses in vivo. Transcranial LLLT for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice shows a distinct biphasic pattern with peaks in beneficial neurological effects observed when the number of treatments is varied, and when the energy density of an individual treatment is varied. Further understanding of the extent to which biphasic dose responses apply in LLLT will be necessary to optimize clinical treatments.

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The Nuts and Bolts of Low-level Laser (Light) Therapy

2011-11-02

Hoon Chung , Tianhong Dai , Sulbha K. Sharma +3 more

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Computed radiography utilizing scanning laser stimulated luminescence.

1983-09-01

Mitumasa Sonoda , Masao Takano , Junji Miyahara +1 more

A new system of computed radiography that is based on new concepts and the latest computer technologies has been developed. This system eliminates the drawbacks of conventional screen-film radiography. The … A new system of computed radiography that is based on new concepts and the latest computer technologies has been developed. This system eliminates the drawbacks of conventional screen-film radiography. The basic principle of the system is the conversion of the x-ray energy pattern into digital signals utilizing scanning laser stimulated luminescence (SLSL).

Mitochondrial signal transduction in accelerated wound and retinal healing by near-infrared light therapy

2004-09-01

Janis T. Eells , Margaret T.T. Wong‐Riley , James N. VerHoeve +7 more

Biphasic Dose Response in Low Level Light Therapy

2009-09-01

Ying‐Ying Huang , Aaron Chen , James D. Carroll +1 more

The use of low levels of visible or near infrared light for reducing pain, inflammation and edema, promoting healing of wounds, deeper tissues and nerves, and preventing cell death and … The use of low levels of visible or near infrared light for reducing pain, inflammation and edema, promoting healing of wounds, deeper tissues and nerves, and preventing cell death and tissue damage has been known for over forty years since the invention of lasers. Despite many reports of positive findings from experiments conducted in vitro, in animal models and in randomized controlled clinical trials, LLLT remains controversial in mainstream medicine. The biochemical mechanisms underlying the positive effects are incompletely understood, and the complexity of rationally choosing amongst a large number of illumination parameters such as wavelength, fluence, power density, pulse structure and treatment timing has led to the publication of a number of negative studies as well as many positive ones. A biphasic dose response has been frequently observed where low levels of light have a much better effect on stimulating and repairing tissues than higher levels of light. The so-called Arndt-Schulz curve is frequently used to describe this biphasic dose response. This review will cover the molecular and cellular mechanisms in LLLT, and describe some of our recent results in vitro and in vivo that provide scientific explanations for this biphasic dose response.

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Mechanisms of low level light therapy

2006-02-09

Michael R. Hamblin , Tatiana N. Demidova

The use of low levels of visible or near infrared light for reducing pain, inflammation and edema, promoting healing of wounds, deeper tissues and nerves, and preventing tissue damage has … The use of low levels of visible or near infrared light for reducing pain, inflammation and edema, promoting healing of wounds, deeper tissues and nerves, and preventing tissue damage has been known for almost forty years since the invention of lasers. Originally thought to be a peculiar property of laser light (soft or cold lasers), the subject has now broadened to include photobiomodulation and photobiostimulation using non-coherent light. Despite many reports of positive findings from experiments conducted in vitro, in animal models and in randomized controlled clinical trials, LLLT remains controversial. This likely is due to two main reasons; firstly the biochemical mechanisms underlying the positive effects are incompletely understood, and secondly the complexity of rationally choosing amongst a large number of illumination parameters such as wavelength, fluence, power density, pulse structure and treatment timing has led to the publication of a number of negative studies as well as many positive ones. In particular a biphasic dose response has been frequently observed where low levels of light have a much better effect than higher levels. This introductory review will cover some of the proposed cellular chromophores responsible for the effect of visible light on mammalian cells, including cytochrome c oxidase (with absorption peaks in the near infrared) and photoactive porphyrins. Mitochondria are thought to be a likely site for the initial effects of light, leading to increased ATP production, modulation of reactive oxygen species and induction of transcription factors. These effects in turn lead to increased cell proliferation and migration (particularly by fibroblasts), modulation in levels of cytokines, growth factors and inflammatory mediators, and increased tissue oxygenation. The results of these biochemical and cellular changes in animals and patients include such benefits as increased healing in chronic wounds, improvements in sports injuries and carpal tunnel syndrome, pain reduction in arthritis and neuropathies, and amelioration of damage after heart attacks, stroke, nerve injury and retinal toxicity.

Lasers in dentistry

1995-01-01

Harvey A. Wigdor , Joseph T. Walsh , J.D.B. Featherstone +3 more

Abstract Since the development of the ruby laser by Maiman in 1960, there has been great interest among dental practitioners, scientists, and patients to use this tool to make dental … Abstract Since the development of the ruby laser by Maiman in 1960, there has been great interest among dental practitioners, scientists, and patients to use this tool to make dental treatment more pleasant. Oral soft tissue uses are becoming more common in dental offices. The possible multiple uses of lasers in dentistry, beyond soft tissue surgery and dental composite curing, unfortunately, have not yet been realized clinically. These include replacement of the dental drill with a laser, laser dental decay prevention, and laser decay detection. The essential question is whether a laser can provide equal or improved treatment over conventional care. Safe use of lasers also must be the underlying goal of proposed or future laser therapy. With the availability and future development of different laser wavelengths and methods of pulsing, much interest is developing in this growing field. This article reviews the role of lasers in dentistry since the early 1960s, summarizes some research reports from the last few years, and proposes what the authors feel the future may hold for lasers in dentistry. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Comparison of the low level laser therapy effects on cultured human gingival fibroblasts proliferation using different irradiance and same fluence*

2001-08-01

Luciana Almeida‐Lopes , Josepa Rigau , Renato Amaro Zângaro +2 more

Abstract Background and Objective: The low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used in Dentistry to improve wound healing. In order to analyse the effect of LLLT on the in … Abstract Background and Objective: The low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used in Dentistry to improve wound healing. In order to analyse the effect of LLLT on the in vitro proliferation of gingival fibroblasts we developed a primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts. Study Design/Materials and Methods: The cell line named LMF was grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DME) with either 5% (nutritional deficit) or 10% fetal bovine serum (fbs). Laser irradiation was carried out with diode lasers with the following wavelengths: 670 nm (L1), 780 nm (L2), 692 nm (L3), and 786 nm (L4). The fluence was fixed in 2 J/cm 2 . For growth analysis, control (not irradiated) and treated cultures (irradiated) were plated in 60 mm diameter culture dishes for 12 h before the irradiation. Results: We found that cells cultured in nutritional deficit condition grown in medium supplemented by only 5% fbs presented a cell proliferation rate significantly smaller that cell grown in ideal culture conditions (10% fbs). However, when irradiated, cells in nutritional deficit presented cell growth similar or higher than that of control cells grown in ideal culture conditions. Using the same fluence, the infrared laser induced a higher cell proliferation than visible laser when the power outputs were different. However, lasers of equal power output presented similar effect on cell growth independently of their wavelengths. Conclusions: The LLLT acts by improving the in vitro fibroblast proliferation and a smaller laser exposure time results in higher proliferation. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:179–184, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

The current status of laser applications in dentistry

2003-09-01

LJ Walsh

Abstract A range of lasers is now available for use in dentistry. This paper summarizes key current and emerging applications for lasers in clinical practice. A major diagnostic application of … Abstract A range of lasers is now available for use in dentistry. This paper summarizes key current and emerging applications for lasers in clinical practice. A major diagnostic application of low power lasers is the detection of caries, using fluorescence elicited from hydroxyapatite or from bacterial by‐products. Laser fluorescence is an effective method for detecting and quantifying incipient occlusal and cervical carious lesions, and with further refinement could be used in the same manner for proximal lesions. Photoactivated dye techniques have been developed which use low power lasers to elicit a photochemical reaction. Photoactivated dye techniques can be used to disinfect root canals, periodontal pockets, cavity preparations and sites of peri‐implantitis. Using similar principles, more powerful lasers can be used for photodynamic therapy in the treatment of malignancies of the oral mucosa. Laser‐driven photochemical reactions can also be used for tooth whitening. In combination with fluoride, laser irradiation can improve the resistance of tooth structure to demineralization, and this application is of particular benefit for susceptible sites in high caries risk patients. Laser technology for caries removal, cavity preparation and soft tissue surgery is at a high state of refinement, having had several decades of development up to the present time. Used in conjunction with or as a replacement for traditional methods, it is expected that specific laser technologies will become an essential component of contemporary dental practice over the next decade.

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Phototherapy with blue (415 nm) and red (660 nm) light in the treatment of acne vulgaris

2000-05-01

P. Papageorgiou , Andreas Katsambas , A.C. Chu

Journal Article Phototherapy with blue (415 nm) and red (660 nm) light in the treatment of acne vulgaris Get access P. Papageorgiou, P. Papageorgiou Unit of Dermatology, Imperial College of … Journal Article Phototherapy with blue (415 nm) and red (660 nm) light in the treatment of acne vulgaris Get access P. Papageorgiou, P. Papageorgiou Unit of Dermatology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Katsambas, A. Katsambas Adreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Chu A. Chu Unit of Dermatology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 142, Issue 5, 1 May 2000, Pages 973–978, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03481.x Published: 01 May 2000

Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring.

2013-03-01

Pinar Avci , Asheesh Gupta , Magesh Sadasivam +4 more

Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) is a fast-growing technology used to treat a multitude of conditions that require stimulation of healing, relief of pain and inflammation, and restoration of function. … Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) is a fast-growing technology used to treat a multitude of conditions that require stimulation of healing, relief of pain and inflammation, and restoration of function. Although skin is naturally exposed to light more than any other organ, it still responds well to red and near-infrared wavelengths. The photons are absorbed by mitochondrial chromophores in skin cells. Consequently, electron transport, adenosine triphosphate nitric oxide release, blood flow, reactive oxygen species increase, and diverse signaling pathways are activated. Stem cells can be activated, allowing increased tissue repair and healing. In dermatology, LLLT has beneficial effects on wrinkles, acne scars, hypertrophic scars, and healing of burns. LLLT can reduce UV damage both as a treatment and as a prophylactic measure. In pigmentary disorders such as vitiligo, LLLT can increase pigmentation by stimulating melanocyte proliferation and reduce depigmentation by inhibiting autoimmunity. Inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and acne can also be managed. The noninvasive nature and almost complete absence of side effects encourage further testing in dermatology.

Selective Photothermolysis: Precise Microsurgery by Selective Absorption of Pulsed Radiation

1983-04-29

R. Rox Anderson , John A. Parrish

Suitably brief pulses of selectively absorbed optical radiation can cause selective damage to pigmented structures, cells, and organelles in vivo. Precise aiming is unnecessary in this unique form of radiation … Suitably brief pulses of selectively absorbed optical radiation can cause selective damage to pigmented structures, cells, and organelles in vivo. Precise aiming is unnecessary in this unique form of radiation injury because inherent optical and thermal properties provide target selectivity. A simple, predictive model is presented. Selective damage to cutaneous microvessels and to melanosomes within melanocytes is shown after 577-nanometer (3 × 10 -7 second) and 351-nanometer (2 × 10 -8 second) pulses, respectively. Hemodynamic, histological, and ultrastructural responses are discussed.

Low-Level Laser Therapy Activates NF-kB via Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts

2011-07-21

Aaron Chen , Praveen Arany , Ying‐Ying Huang +7 more

Background Despite over forty years of investigation on low-level light therapy (LLLT), the fundamental mechanisms underlying photobiomodulation at a cellular level remain unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we isolated … Background Despite over forty years of investigation on low-level light therapy (LLLT), the fundamental mechanisms underlying photobiomodulation at a cellular level remain unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we isolated murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) from transgenic NF-kB luciferase reporter mice and studied their response to 810 nm laser radiation. Significant activation of NF-kB was observed at fluences higher than 0.003 J/cm2 and was confirmed by Western blot analysis. NF-kB was activated earlier (1 hour) by LLLT compared to conventional lipopolysaccharide treatment. We also observed that LLLT induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production similar to mitochondrial inhibitors, such as antimycin A, rotenone and paraquat. Furthermore, we observed similar NF-kB activation with these mitochondrial inhibitors. These results, together with inhibition of laser induced NF-kB activation by antioxidants, suggests that ROS play an important role in the laser induced NF-kB signaling pathways. However, LLLT, unlike mitochondrial inhibitors, induced increased cellular ATP levels, which indicates that LLLT also upregulates mitochondrial respiration. Conclusion We conclude that LLLT not only enhances mitochondrial respiration, but also activates the redox-sensitive NFkB signaling via generation of ROS. Expression of anti-apoptosis and pro-survival genes responsive to NFkB could explain many clinical effects of LLLT.

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A systematic review of low level laser therapy with location-specific doses for pain from chronic joint disorders

2003-01-01

Jan Magnus Bjordal , Christian Couppé , Roberta Chow +2 more

Effect of laser rays on wound healing.

1973-03-01

E Mester , T Spiry , B. Szende

Low-Level Light/Laser Therapy Versus Photobiomodulation Therapy

2015-04-01

Juanita J. Anders , Raymond J. Lanzafame , Praveen Arany

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Proposed Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation or Low-Level Light Therapy

2016-05-01

Lucas Freitas de Freitas , Michael R. Hamblin

Photobiomodulation (PBM) also known as low-level laser (or light) therapy (LLLT), has been known for almost 50 years but still has not gained widespread acceptance, largely due to uncertainty about … Photobiomodulation (PBM) also known as low-level laser (or light) therapy (LLLT), has been known for almost 50 years but still has not gained widespread acceptance, largely due to uncertainty about the molecular, cellular, and tissular mechanisms of action. However, in recent years, much knowledge has been gained in this area, which will be summarized in this review. One of the most important chromophores is cytochrome c oxidase (unit IV in the mitochondrial respiratory chain), which contains both heme and copper centers and absorbs light into the near-infra-red region. The leading hypothesis is that the photons dissociate inhibitory nitric oxide from the enzyme, leading to an increase in electron transport, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. Another hypothesis concerns light-sensitive ion channels that can be activated allowing calcium to enter the cell. After the initial photon absorption events, numerous signaling pathways are activated via reactive oxygen species, cyclic AMP, NO and Ca2+, leading to activation of transcription factors. These transcription factors can lead to increased expression of genes related to protein synthesis, cell migration and proliferation, anti-inflammatory signaling, anti-apoptotic proteins, antioxidant enzymes. Stem cells and progenitor cells appear to be particularly susceptible to LLLT.

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Nerve fibre discharges, cerebral potentials and sensations induced by CO2 laser stimulation.

1984-01-01

B. Bromm , Rolf‐Detlef Treede

Short radiant heat pulses, emitted by a high power CO2 laser, were used to investigate single nociceptor activity, cerebral potentials and concomitant sensations. Stimuli of 20 and 50 ms duration … Short radiant heat pulses, emitted by a high power CO2 laser, were used to investigate single nociceptor activity, cerebral potentials and concomitant sensations. Stimuli of 20 and 50 ms duration with different intensities were randomly applied to the hairy skin of the hand. Microelectroneurography was performed from the radial nerve at the wrist; 26 stable recordings were evaluated. Pre- and post-stimulus EEG segments were recorded from vertex versus linked ear lobes. Sensation was assessed on an eight-step category scale, an adjective scale, and by reaction times. In some experiments an A-fibre block was applied in order to isolate C-fibre responses. The main results were: Short heat stimuli activate C-units. In addition one of two identified A delta-units responded. None of the 15 A beta-units investigated was activated by the heat pulses. Short heat stimuli evoked cerebral potentials having a main vertex positive component at about 400 ms. These potentials were ascribed to A delta-fibre input. Laser induced pain consisted of an immediate stinging component, followed by a burning pain which often lasted several seconds. Reaction time to first pain ranged from 400-500 ms. Weak laser stimuli induced non-painful sensations mostly of tactile character. High correlations were found between the number of spikes elicited by a given stimulus and the intensity of the evoked sensation. Intensity discrimination, as evaluated by measures of Signal Detection Theory, was better in the peripheral C-units than in the subjective ratings. If conduction of A-fibres was blocked by pressure, A delta-related cerebral potential components vanished.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Shining light on the head: Photobiomodulation for brain disorders

2016-10-06

Michael R. Hamblin

Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near-infrared light to stimulate, heal, regenerate, and protect tissue that has either been injured, is degenerating, or else is at risk of … Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near-infrared light to stimulate, heal, regenerate, and protect tissue that has either been injured, is degenerating, or else is at risk of dying. One of the organ systems of the human body that is most necessary to life, and whose optimum functioning is most worried about by humankind in general, is the brain. The brain suffers from many different disorders that can be classified into three broad groupings: traumatic events (stroke, traumatic brain injury, and global ischemia), degenerative diseases (dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's), and psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder). There is some evidence that all these seemingly diverse conditions can be beneficially affected by applying light to the head. There is even the possibility that PBM could be used for cognitive enhancement in normal healthy people. In this transcranial PBM (tPBM) application, near-infrared (NIR) light is often applied to the forehead because of the better penetration (no hair, longer wavelength). Some workers have used lasers, but recently the introduction of inexpensive light emitting diode (LED) arrays has allowed the development of light emitting helmets or "brain caps". This review will cover the mechanisms of action of photobiomodulation to the brain, and summarize some of the key pre-clinical studies and clinical trials that have been undertaken for diverse brain disorders.

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Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation

2017-01-01

Michael R. Hamblin

Photobiomodulation (PBM) also known as low-level level laser therapy is the use of red and near-infrared light to stimulate healing, relieve pain, and reduce inflammation. The primary chromophores have been … Photobiomodulation (PBM) also known as low-level level laser therapy is the use of red and near-infrared light to stimulate healing, relieve pain, and reduce inflammation. The primary chromophores have been identified as cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria, and calcium ion channels (possibly mediated by light absorption by opsins). Secondary effects of photon absorption include increases in ATP, a brief burst of reactive oxygen species, an increase in nitric oxide, and modulation of calcium levels. Tertiary effects include activation of a wide range of transcription factors leading to improved cell survival, increased proliferation and migration, and new protein synthesis. There is a pronounced biphasic dose response whereby low levels of light have stimulating effects, while high levels of light have inhibitory effects. It has been found that PBM can produce ROS in normal cells, but when used in oxidatively stressed cells or in animal models of disease, ROS levels are lowered. PBM is able to up-regulate anti-oxidant defenses and reduce oxidative stress. It was shown that PBM can activate NF-kB in normal quiescent cells, however in activated inflammatory cells, inflammatory markers were decreased. One of the most reproducible effects of PBM is an overall reduction in inflammation, which is particularly important for disorders of the joints, traumatic injuries, lung disorders, and in the brain. PBM has been shown to reduce markers of M1 phenotype in activated macrophages. Many reports have shown reductions in reactive nitrogen species and prostaglandins in various animal models. PBM can reduce inflammation in the brain, abdominal fat, wounds, lungs, spinal cord.

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Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation

2017-11-22

Michael R. Hamblin

Abstract Photobiomodulation ( PBM ) involves the use of red or near‐infrared light at low power densities to produce a beneficial effect on cells or tissues. PBM therapy is used … Abstract Photobiomodulation ( PBM ) involves the use of red or near‐infrared light at low power densities to produce a beneficial effect on cells or tissues. PBM therapy is used to reduce pain, inflammation, edema, and to regenerate damaged tissues such as wounds, bones, and tendons. The primary site of light absorption in mammalian cells has been identified as the mitochondria and, more specifically, cytochrome c oxidase ( CCO ). It is hypothesized that inhibitory nitric oxide can be dissociated from CCO , thus restoring electron transport and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Another mechanism involves activation of light or heat‐gated ion channels. This review will cover the redox signaling that occurs in PBM and examine the difference between healthy and stressed cells, where PBM can have apparently opposite effects. PBM has a marked effect on stem cells, and this is proposed to operate via mitochondrial redox signaling. PBM can act as a preconditioning regimen and can interact with exercise on muscles.

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Optical Maser Action of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Nd</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mn /></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>in a Barium Crown Glass

1961-12-15

E. Snitzer

Photobiomodulation—Underlying Mechanism and Clinical Applications

2020-06-03

Claudia Dompé , Lisa Moncrieff , Jacek Matys +7 more

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities for the application of laser therapy in medicine and dentistry by analyzing lasers' underlying mechanism of action on different cells, … The purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities for the application of laser therapy in medicine and dentistry by analyzing lasers' underlying mechanism of action on different cells, with a special focus on stem cells and mechanisms of repair. The interest in the application of laser therapy in medicine and dentistry has remarkably increased in the last decade. There are different types of lasers available and their usage is well defined by different parameters, such as: wavelength, energy density, power output, and duration of radiation. Laser irradiation can induce a photobiomodulatory (PBM) effect on cells and tissues, contributing to a directed modulation of cell behaviors, enhancing the processes of tissue repair. Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), can induce cell proliferation and enhance stem cell differentiation. Laser therapy is a non-invasive method that contributes to pain relief and reduces inflammation, parallel to the enhanced healing and tissue repair processes. The application of these properties was employed and observed in the treatment of various diseases and conditions, such as diabetes, brain injury, spinal cord damage, dermatological conditions, oral irritation, and in different areas of dentistry.

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A Transcutaneous Randomized Pulsed Radiofrequency Application for Spine Pain Conditions: A Case Series

2025-06-25

Daniel de Moraes Ferreira Jorge , Olav Rohof , Maria Helena Prado de Mello Jorge +6 more | Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology

Background: Transcutaneous Randomized Pulsed Radiofrequency (TCPRF-STP) is a non-invasive therapeutic approach increasingly explored for managing spine-related pain, particularly in cases involving disc herniations and degenerative spine conditions. Objectives: To evaluate … Background: Transcutaneous Randomized Pulsed Radiofrequency (TCPRF-STP) is a non-invasive therapeutic approach increasingly explored for managing spine-related pain, particularly in cases involving disc herniations and degenerative spine conditions. Objectives: To evaluate the use of transcutaneous PRF-STP in the treatment of spine pathologies and its evolution in short-term follow-up. Methods: This case series examines the outcomes of three patients treated with TCPRF-STP for varying spine pathologies, including lumbar and cervical disc herniations, lumbar stenosis, and radiculopathy. All patients had previously undergone conventional conservative therapies without a satisfactory improvement and were unwilling or unable to undergo invasive procedures. The treatment involved the application of electromagnetic fields through adhesive skin patches at targeted sites. Patients underwent three sessions of TCPRF-STP, with follow-up assessments evaluating pain and MRI. Results: Transcutaneous PRF-STP showed notable reductions in pain (VAS 0 in most cases), improvements in movement, and the restoration of normal daily activities. Follow-up MRI scans demonstrated positive structural changes in the treated discs. Although long-term recurrence occurred in one case, the patient remained active without functional limitations. Conclusions: Transcutaneous PRF-STP offers a promising, minimally invasive alternative for patients seeking to avoid surgery, though further studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods are necessary to establish more robust evidence of its efficacy. This technique could become an important adjunct in managing chronic spinal pain conditions, offering patients an option with minimal risk and hospital demands.

Assessment of the Role of Low-Intensity Laser Irradiation in Modulating Human Platelet Aggregation

2025-06-25

Zahra Al Timimi | Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion

Laser therapy versus placebo treatment for aphthous ulcers: a systematic review and meta‑analysis

2025-06-25

Muhammad Imran Ullah , Muhammad Khan , Umer Ullah +3 more | Lasers in Medical Science

New Solid Laser Treatment for Scars After Cleft Lip Surgery: A Vision from Plastic Surgery

2025-06-24

Rafikov Bekhbudjon Rustamovich | International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Robot-Assisted Mandibular Osteotomy Using Femtosecond Laser

2025-06-24

Wei Zhang | International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

High Self-Healing Rate of Oral Ranula: A Prospective Study

2025-06-24

Yi Liu | International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Cold Atmospheric Plasma Enhances TGF-β1, CTGF Protein Expression, and Healing in Full-Thickness Skin Burns: An Animal Study

2025-06-24

Sahar M. Gebril , Fakhr El din M. Lasheen , Mohamed Khalaf +4 more | Biomolecules

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) interacts with tissues, leading to fast wound disinfection. Given the frequent global burden of burn injuries and the risks of infection associated with acute full-thickness burns … Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) interacts with tissues, leading to fast wound disinfection. Given the frequent global burden of burn injuries and the risks of infection associated with acute full-thickness burns (FTBs), this investigation examined CAP as a potential therapeutic method for wound healing due to its antimicrobial and pro-healing effects. Here, we examined the impacts of CAP on the healing of wounds resulting from acute FTSBs. We established an animal model that included four groups: (1) healthy control animals without burns, (2) untreated animals with acute FTSBs, (3) animals with acute FTSBs treated with CAP for 5 s per day for 21 days, and (4) animals with acute FTSBs treated with CAP for 10 s per day for 21 days. Wound healing was assessed using immunohistological methods. In animals with FTSBs, CAP therapy was accompanied by (i) accelerated wound closure, (ii) enhanced regeneration of the dermis and epidermis, and (iii) increased protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). These changes were more pronounced following CAP treatment for 10 s per day compared to CAP treatment for 5 s per day.

Correction to: Light-emitting diode photobiomodulation: effect on bone formation in orthopedically expanded suture in rats—early bone changes

2025-06-24

Abdullah Ekizer , Tancan Uysal , Enis GÜRAY +1 more | Lasers in Medical Science

Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Treatment of Peri-implantitis: A Systematic Review

2025-06-24

N. Akerzoul , Saliha Chbicheb | International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Evaluation of the effect of photobiomodulation on joint range of motion in dogs

2025-06-24

Daniela Duarte , J. C. Alves | Lasers in Medical Science

To evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation therapy on healthy joint's range of motion (ROM). Sixteen police working dogs were selected. The limbs of one side of the body were randomly … To evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation therapy on healthy joint's range of motion (ROM). Sixteen police working dogs were selected. The limbs of one side of the body were randomly assigned to the treatment group, while the limbs of the other side formed the control group. Elbow, stifle, and tarsal flexion and extension were evaluated, and measurements were made in triplicate by two evaluators, one experienced and one novice. After the initial evaluation, the treated side's joints underwent PBMT. The dogs had a 5-minute rest before the joint ROM was again measured. Digital thermography was also used to assess the joints before and immediately after PBMT, and after the 5-minute rest period. The variability of the joint median measurements was compared using 1-tail t-tests, and the effect size was determined. Following PBMT, significant differences in ROM were observed in all joints (p < 0.01) with a large effect size (0.84 to 0.96). Additionally, digital thermography values showed significant differences in all joints after PBMT (p < 0.01), with an increase of up to 5ºC, with a small to medium effect size (0.31-0.61). A significant difference was found for the stifle and tarsus after the 5 min (p < 0.01). There were no differences in the measurements by the two investigators. PBMT increased ROM and tissue temperature. This suggests that joint mobilization exercises can be improved by and should be conducted after PBMT. There was no significant difference between the measurements of experienced and novice evaluators.

The Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Myogenous Temporomandibular Disorder: A Randomised Clinical Trial

2025-06-24

K. Law , YP Leung | International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Photobiomodulation mitigates blood–brain barrier disruption in APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease by activating the AMPK pathway

2025-06-23

Chunyan Ma , Yutong Ye , Xinyu Shi +7 more | Alzheimer s Research & Therapy

Photobiomodulation (PBM), which utilizes specific light wavelengths to regulate cellular metabolism, signal transduction, and gene expression, has emerged as a promising intervention for enhancing cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD). … Photobiomodulation (PBM), which utilizes specific light wavelengths to regulate cellular metabolism, signal transduction, and gene expression, has emerged as a promising intervention for enhancing cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in protecting the central nervous system, and its dysfunction is a major contributor to AD pathogenesis. Although PBM has shown therapeutic potential, its effects on BBB integrity and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Six-month-old female APP/PS1 transgenic mice were subjected to PBM intervention (808 nm, 20 mW/cm2) for six weeks. Cognitive function was assessed using behavioral tests, while biochemical and histological analyses were conducted to evaluate BBB integrity, β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, and protein expression related to tight junction proteins (TJs). In vitro, an inflammatory model was established by treating brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an inflammatory response, and the mechanisms of PBM were further explored by analyzing mitochondrial function. PBM significantly improved cognitive deficits and anxiety-like behaviors in AD mice. It enhanced BBB integrity by upregulating the TJs Occludin, Claudin-5, and ZO-1, while also facilitating Aβ clearance via the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) pathway and microglial phagocytosis, thereby reducing Aβ accumulation in the brain. Mechanistically, PBM attenuated apoptosis and mitochondrial oxidative stress while promoting mitochondrial energy metabolism. Notably, PBM markedly increased phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) levels in the brains of AD mice. In vitro, the protective effects of PBM on BBB integrity were substantially diminished upon AMPK inhibition, confirming that PBM exerts its neuroprotective effects through the activation of the AMPK pathway. This study demonstrates that PBM enhances BBB integrity and mitigates Aβ pathology in AD mice by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, underscoring its potential as a novel, non-invasive therapeutic strategy for AD.

Use of Mitochondrial Delayed Luminescence Measurements From Brain Tissue to Optimize Photobiomodulation Prarameters in Alzheimer's Disease Mice

2025-06-23

Hong Bae Kim , Chang Kyu Sung | Journal of Biophotonics

ABSTRACT The therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation (PBM) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) was evaluated by examining β‐amyloid accumulation, microglial activation, and memory function. Mitochondrial delayed luminescence (m‐DL), an indirect mitochondrial marker, … ABSTRACT The therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation (PBM) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) was evaluated by examining β‐amyloid accumulation, microglial activation, and memory function. Mitochondrial delayed luminescence (m‐DL), an indirect mitochondrial marker, was measured by irradiating 2 J/cm 2 of 808 nm near‐infrared light to the exposed brain surface of anesthetized 5XFAD mice. Based on m‐DL findings, behavioral PBM was applied transcranially to the intact scalp using the same fluence at 30, 40, and 80 Hz with respective duty cycles and durations. The 80 Hz setting produced the longest m‐DL decay time and selectively improved recognition memory. Immunofluorescence revealed a significant 0.27‐fold decrease in β‐amyloid and 0.13‐fold decrease in microglial activation without changes in neuronal density. Limitations include the small sample size, short duration, and the need to validate m‐DL with established bioenergetic assays. Despite these, findings suggest that optimized PBM may offer a promising noninvasive intervention for AD, warranting further long‐term investigation.

Automated Transcranial Photobiomodulation in Healthy Rats: Effects on Working Memory and Brain Markers

2025-06-23

Candela Zorzo , Lucía Rodríguez‐Fernández , Emily Gabriela Castillo‐Escalona +4 more | Advanced Therapeutics

Abstract Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses red and near‐infrared light to stimulate biological processes through cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activation, enhancing ATP synthesis and neuroprotection. This study evaluates the PBM effects on … Abstract Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses red and near‐infrared light to stimulate biological processes through cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activation, enhancing ATP synthesis and neuroprotection. This study evaluates the PBM effects on spatial working memory (WM) and cellular mechanisms in healthy adult male rats, focusing on CCO activity, c‐Fos, and synaptogenesis‐related proteins. PBM (810 nm, 40 Hz, 20 J cm −2 ) is applied for five consecutive days (PBM‐C) or five alternating days (PBM‐A). PBM improves spatial WM in both groups compared to controls. CCO activity decreases in the prefrontal and retrosplenial cortex, as well as in the hippocampus, suggesting more efficient energy use during cognitive tasks. PBM increases c‐Fos expression in the prefrontal and parietal cortex, reflecting heightened neuronal activity. Synapsin‐I levels rise in the prefrontal cortex for both protocols, while PBM‐C increases PSD‐95 in the hippocampus. GFAP expression decreases in cortical regions with both protocols, while PBM‐C increases it in the prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that PBM PBM‐C enhances prefrontal and hippocampal synapses, potentially underlying observed WM improvements. This study highlights the PBM potential in modulating CCO activity and synaptic plasticity, providing a basis for identifying effective schedules and targets for WM preservation and treatment.

LASERTERAPIA DE BAIXA INTENSIDADE NO CONTROLE DA DOR NEUROPÁTICA CRÔNICA ODONTOGÊNICA E NA REGENERAÇÃO NERVOSA: RELATO DE CASO

2025-06-23

Pedro Araujo , Kleyton Danilo da Silva Costa , Eduardo Varjão Vieira +4 more | Revista fisio&terapia.

A dor crônica, especialmente a neuropática, representa um grande desafio na prática odontológica, pois pode persistir mesmo após o tratamento de causas iniciais, impactando significativamente a qualidade de vida dos … A dor crônica, especialmente a neuropática, representa um grande desafio na prática odontológica, pois pode persistir mesmo após o tratamento de causas iniciais, impactando significativamente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Classificada como uma experiência sensorial e emocional complexa, a dor exige uma abordagem terapêutica que vá além do tratamento físico, considerando também os aspectos psicológicos envolvidos. Nesse contexto, a laserterapia de baixa intensidade tem se destacado como uma alternativa eficaz, segura e minimamente invasiva. Ela atua na modulação da dor, na regeneração tecidual e na melhora da circulação local, sendo especialmente útil em situações pós-operatórias, como a reabilitação com implantes zigomáticos. Este estudo qualitativo, descritivo, retrospectivo e documental, realizado na clínica Odontológica do Uninta, em Tianguá-CE, apresenta o caso de uma paciente de 51 anos, com histórico de periodontite crônica, submetida à reabilitação com implantes zigomáticos. No pós-operatório, a paciente desenvolveu dor neuropática intensa e crônica na região maxilar direita, além de falha na osseointegração de um dos implantes, resultando em piora do estado geral, incluindo perda de peso e agravamento de um quadro depressivo. O tratamento incluiu o uso do medicamento 2,5mg de fosfato dissódico de citidina + 1,5mg de trifosfato trissódico de uridina + 1,0 mg acetato de hidroxocobalamina (ETNA) e 10 sessões de laserterapia, com doses entre 9 J/cm² e 2 J/cm², utilizando luz vermelha (660 nm) e infravermelha (808 nm). Com a progressão das sessões, a paciente relatou melhora significativa da dor, alcançando remissão completa ao final do tratamento. Isso possibilitou o início das próximas etapas da reabilitação oral. Os resultados reforçam a eficácia da laserterapia de baixa intensidade como um recurso importante no controle da dor neuropática e na regeneração tecidual. Além dos benefícios físicos, a terapia também promove melhorias psicossociais, mostrando-se uma alternativa promissora no manejo da dor crônica em odontologia.

Multiwavelength Photobiomodulation Improves Multiple Aspects of Visual Function in Early-Stage Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2025-06-23

Cem Küçükerdönmez , Stephanie E. Tedford | Ophthalmology and Therapy

This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of multiwavelength photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment (Tx) in earlier stages of nonexudative (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Participants were enrolled with a … This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of multiwavelength photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment (Tx) in earlier stages of nonexudative (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Participants were enrolled with a diagnosis of dry AMD. Participants were treated with a single or repeated series of multiwavelength PBM treatment (LumiThera Valeda® Light Delivery System; 590, 660, and 850 nm) delivered three times per week over 3-5 weeks every 4 months with follow-up extending out to 16 months. Outcomes analyzed included visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), and electroretinography (ERG). A total of 41 eyes (27 participants) were evaluated after single (1 series of Tx, n = 41 eyes) and repeat (2-4 series of Tx, n = 26 eyes) PBM treatment with up to 16 months of follow-up. Participants were mostly female (n = 22, 81.5%) with a mean time since AMD diagnosis of 5.6 years. Participants enrolled had earlier stage dry AMD with better vision (~ 20/32 Snellen) and a mean baseline VA of 76.5 letters. Single and repeated PBM Tx improved VA, CS, multi-luminance ERG, and fixed luminance ERG parameters. No significant visual decline was noted in any outcome measure or signs of phototoxicity. PBM treatment of patients with earlier stage dry AMD showed improvements on multiple visual outcome measures and no adverse effects. Earlier stage AMD populations may not show robust magnitude effects as their starting vision does not show serious deficits, however; as a result of the degenerative and progressive nature of the disease, repeat treatment and continued monitoring of these outcomes are of interest. These beneficial effects were improved with repeated PBM treatment series.

Effect Of Photobiomodulation (Low-Level Laser Therapy) In Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2025-06-23

Thiago dos Santos Maciel , Natháchila Corrêa Lima Chamy , Marcelo dos Santos Maciel +1 more | Lasers in Medical Science

Bruxismo do Sono em Crianças: Etiologia, Fatores Associados, Diagnóstico e Intervenções

2025-06-23

Francielle Nunes de Lira Cunha , Siang Welmer Neimorg , Deborah Nolêto Machado +7 more | Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences

Introdução: O Bruxismo do Sono (BS) é caracterizado por movimentação repetitiva dos músculos mandibulares durante o sono, manifestando-se pelo ranger ou apertar dos dentes. É uma atividade muscular involuntária, atualmente … Introdução: O Bruxismo do Sono (BS) é caracterizado por movimentação repetitiva dos músculos mandibulares durante o sono, manifestando-se pelo ranger ou apertar dos dentes. É uma atividade muscular involuntária, atualmente compreendida não apenas como distúrbio, mas também como possível atividade motora com funções protetoras em determinadas situações. Objetivos: mapear e sintetizar as evidências disponíveis sobre fatores associados, métodos de diagnóstico e estratégias de manejo clínico do BS na infância. Metodologia: esta pesquisa constitui-se como revisão integrativa da literatura com busca eletrônica nas bases MEDLINE/PubMed e SciELO, utilizando termos relacionados ao bruxismo do sono combinados com descritores sobre crianças e odontopediatria através de operadores booleanos AND e OR para maximizar a identificação de artigos relevantes. Resultados: Foram analisados 12 estudos sobre BS em crianças, que destacaram sua etiologia multifatorial, envolvendo fatores biológicos, ambientais, psicossociais e hábitos de vida, como tempo de tela, qualidade do sono e ansiedade. O diagnóstico é desafiador, sendo a polissonografia o padrão-ouro, enquanto métodos clínicos e relatos têm limitações. No tratamento, destacam-se a fotobiomodulação como intervenção mais promissora, sendo mais eficaz que placas oclusais ou farmacoterapia, ressaltando a necessidade de abordagem individualizada e multidisciplinar. Conclusão: O bruxismo do sono infantil é um distúrbio multifatorial associado a fatores neurológicos, psicológicos, respiratórios e genéticos, exigindo avaliação individualizada. Seu manejo eficaz demanda abordagem multidisciplinar, com destaque para terapias como fotobiomodulação, intervenções comportamentais e, em alguns casos, tratamento farmacológico.

Usage of Laser in Controlling the Evolution of Face Structures, An Approach of "Laser-Orthodontics", In Vitro

2025-06-20

Azhar Ibrahim Kharsa | Journal of Clinical Research and Reports

Background and Objectives: This is an endeavor to use Laser in controlling the evolution of the face structures, especially the condyle and the mandible bone. The aim of that study … Background and Objectives: This is an endeavor to use Laser in controlling the evolution of the face structures, especially the condyle and the mandible bone. The aim of that study is to try to use laser in future for treating patients whose facial structures are predisposed to deviation in evolution and in growth. As a potential solution in prophylactic orthodontics, as "Chin-Cup, face-mask and head-gear" for instance, laser might be, one day, a potential substitution for controlling the evolution of those facial structures. Study Material and Methods: Three groups of Hamsters, each one comprises of three animals. Group A: Is the normal evolution group, or the surveillance group. Group B: The three hamsters of that group have been exposed to Chin-Cup, with moderate power on each side, about 450g. Per side. Group C: That group is the lased group, as the condyles of that group have been exposed to light energy of a diode laser. A red light at 650 nm with energy of 90m W/cm² had been used to perform light dosages 10 - 15 J/cm². Results: A long term study extended to seven months has shown an eminent slowness in the growth of lower jaws on both groups B and C, relatively to group A. The importance of such approaches is in the possibility of future usage of laser in controlling the evolution and growth of facial structures on humans.

Violet photobiomodulation: biological effects and health implications

2025-06-20

Francisco J Cidral , Andrew Hewitson , Nathalia Nahas Donatello +1 more | Lasers in Medical Science

Rapid, Safe, and Tolerable Healing of Pediatric Skin Injuries with Blue Light Therapy: An Observational Case Series

2025-06-19

Biagio Nicolosi , Bastarelli Eleonora , Gregorini Mirco +1 more | Children

Pediatric skin injuries represent a clinical challenge, especially in cases with complex etiology or with severe pain. Blue light is an emerging technology with potential application in pediatric wound care. … Pediatric skin injuries represent a clinical challenge, especially in cases with complex etiology or with severe pain. Blue light is an emerging technology with potential application in pediatric wound care. The aim of this case series was to describe the clinical use of blue light in pediatric patients with injuries of varying etiologies and mechanisms, and to assess its long-term effectiveness and sustainability in treatment. Twelve hospitalized pediatric patients (0-12 years old) with skin injuries were included in this case series. The etiologies of wounds treated with photobiomodulation were incontinence-associated dermatitis, peristomal injuries, and pressure injuries. The injuries were assessed using specific classification tools and pain scales. The wounds were treated every three days using a medical device that emits blue light (410-430 nm). When necessary, wounds were also treated with appropriate dressings. All injuries responded positively to photobiomodulation therapy and showed a rapid resolution of inflammation. Complete wound resolution was achieved in 11 of 12 cases. The average healing time was 3.7 days. Four injuries achieved resolution with only one application of blue light. Scores from the pain perception scales showed that the blue light treatment was well tolerated by pediatric patients, showing high parental compliance. No side effects or adverse events were observed. Blue light photobiomodulation proved to be a safe, well-tolerated, and effective technology in the treatment of pediatric skin injuries, with good acceptance by young patients and families. More structured clinical trials would be needed to validate the efficacy of blue light in pediatric injuries.

Therapeutic potential of wavelength-dependent photobiomodulation on gut inflammation in an in vitro intestinal model

2025-06-19

Myungji Kang , Jihye Jo , Hwarang Shin +1 more | Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology

Transcranial photobiomodulation induced frequency-specific dual-pathway glial activation for neurovascular protection vs amyloid clearance in Alzheimer’s disease

2025-06-19

Ting Li , Bowen Zhang , Zemeng Chen +4 more | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> Vascular network impairment is a critical driver of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) progression, yet strategies to effectively regulate vascular pathology remain unclear. Here, we attempted to employ transcranial continuous-wave (CW) … <title>Abstract</title> Vascular network impairment is a critical driver of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) progression, yet strategies to effectively regulate vascular pathology remain unclear. Here, we attempted to employ transcranial continuous-wave (CW) and 40Hz near-infrared (NIR) light stimulation to target vascular network in 5xFAD mice. The results showed that NIR light significantly ameliorated cognitive dysfunction via enhancing β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque clearance and providing neurovascular protection. Glial cell activation served as the primary mediator through which NIR light achieved these modulation effects. The colocalization and correlational analyses revealed that CW-NIR light primarily activated astrocyte-vascular synergism to ameliorate vascular dysfunction, thereby conferring synaptic protection. In contrast, 40Hz light primarily activated microglia to increase their aggregation around Aβ plaque, which enhanced Aβ local clearance. These differential mediating pathways suggested that CW and 40Hz exhibited modality-specific therapeutic advantages for distinct AD pathological hallmarks – vascular dysfunction and Aβ plaque deposition, respectively. These findings potentially offer a precision light stimulation strategy targeting different neurodegenerative hallmarks.

Comments on “Dosage of high-intensity laser therapy for the management of musculoskeletal pain in physical therapy practice”

2025-06-18

Hernán Andrés de la Barra Ortiz | Physiotherapy Quarterly

The Efficacy of Erbium-Ion, Diode, and CO2 Lasers in Debonding Attachments Used During Overlay Orthodontic Treatment and the Risk of Hard Tooth Tissue Damage Compared to Traditional Methods—An In Vitro Study

2025-06-18

Alina Florczak-Matyjek , Anna Nikodem , Julia Kensy +2 more | Photonics

Objective: This in vitro study evaluated the effectiveness of three laser systems—diode, CO2, and Er:YAG—for debonding composite attachments used in aligner orthodontic therapy. Materials and Methods: Fifty extracted human premolars … Objective: This in vitro study evaluated the effectiveness of three laser systems—diode, CO2, and Er:YAG—for debonding composite attachments used in aligner orthodontic therapy. Materials and Methods: Fifty extracted human premolars with composite attachments were divided into five groups (n = 10): control, RT (rotary tools), diode laser (980 nm, irradiance was 4811 W/cm2), CO2 laser (10.6 µm, irradiance 1531 W/cm2), and Er:YAG laser (2940 nm, irradiance 471.7 W/cm2). Shear bond strength (SBS) testing measured debonding forces. Enamel surface changes were evaluated using micro-CT, optical profilometry, and stereomicroscopy. The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) assessed residual bonding material. Results: Laser treatment increased enamel roughness (p < 0.05). Er:YAG laser caused the highest roughness (Sa = 2.03 µm) and up to 0.17 mm enamel loss but left minimal adhesive remnants and no fractures. Diode laser preserved surface smoothness with moderate bond weakening. CO2 laser had intermediate effects. RT showed the highest SBS but resulted in greater enamel alteration. SBS was significantly reduced in the laser groups, lowest for Er:YAG (81.7 ± 45.5 MPa vs. control 196.2 ± 75.3 MPa). ARI indicated better adhesive removal in the laser-treated groups, with Er:YAG showing the highest percentage of clean enamel surfaces (67% vs. 25%). Conclusions: Er:YAG demonstrated the best balance between effective debonding and enamel preservation. Diode and CO2 lasers also offer viable alternatives to rotary tools. Further clinical studies are recommended.

The Sunlight Sanctuary Sporting Smile Sign—A Newly Recognised Physical Sign Indicating That Pore Size Is Related to Sun Exposure

2025-06-18

Collin Hopper , C M E Rowland Payne | JEADV Clinical Practice

In the Mirror of the Past, in the Light of the Future: The ISLA – A President Looks Back and Forward

2025-06-18

Gerhard Litscher | OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine

This editorial for the 27th ISLA Congress in Beverungen in Germany reflects on the development, achievements, and challenges of the International Society for Medical Laser Applications (ISLA-transcontinental) from the perspective … This editorial for the 27th ISLA Congress in Beverungen in Germany reflects on the development, achievements, and challenges of the International Society for Medical Laser Applications (ISLA-transcontinental) from the perspective of its President for Science and Research, Univ.-Prof. DDr. Gerhard Litscher. It reviews the organization’s milestones and growth while outlining future strategies for innovation, research, and international collaboration in medical laser technologies. The full keynote presentation is available at the end of the editorial.

Correction: F127-SE-tLAP thermosensitive hydrogel alleviates bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis via TGF-β/Smad pathway

2025-06-18

Zhiqin Cao , Keke Zhang , Jingruo Liu +7 more | Molecular Medicine

Clinical efficacy of different therapeutic options for knee osteoarthritis: A network meta-analysis based on randomized clinical trials

2025-06-18

Xiao Chen , Yuanhe Fan , Hongliang Tu +1 more | PLoS ONE

Objective To assess and compare the clinical efficacy of various therapeutic options in treating patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, OVID, Cochrane … Objective To assess and compare the clinical efficacy of various therapeutic options in treating patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, OVID, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases from their inception to December 10th, 2023, identifying randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of therapeutic options on KOA. Two researchers independently performed literature screening, data extraction, data collection and organization, and quality assessment. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis and graphical representation using Stata 17.0 software. Results A total of 139 RCTs encompassing 9644 KOA patients and involving 12 therapeutic options were included. These interventions were low level laser therapy (LLLT), high intensity laser therapy (HILT), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), interferential current (IFC), short wave diathermy, ultrasound, lateral wedged insole, knee brace, exercise, hydrotherapy, kinesio taping (KT) and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT). Regarding the WOMAC pain score, knee brace was determined to be the most likely to yield the best results, followed by exercise and HILT, ultrasound was worst intervention. In terms of WOMAC function score, knee brace emerged as the technique with the highest likelihood of being optimal, followed in sequence by hydrotherapy and ESWT, ultrasound was worst intervention. Knee brace ranked highest in effectiveness concerning the WOMAC stiffness score, followed by exercise and hydrotherapy. For the total WOMAC score, hydrotherapy demonstrated the highest probability of being the best technique, followed by exercise and HILT, short wave diathermy was worst intervention. In addressing VAS-rest, hydrotherapy exhibited the greatest likelihood of being the optimum technique, followed by HILT and LLLT. In terms of VAS-activity, knee brace had the highest probability of being the best technique, followed by LLLT and exercise, ultrasound was worst intervention. Overall, based on the results obtained from the SUCRA for all outcomes, knee brace had the highest probability of being the best technique, followed by hydrotherapy and exercise. Conclusion The findings suggest that knee brace may be the most recommended therapeutic option for the knee osteoarthritis, followed by hydrotherapy and exercise.

457 nm LED blue light inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation via the PI3K/AKT pathway and autophagy

2025-06-18

Hui Jiang , Jiali Yang , Qiqi Fu +2 more | Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences

Evaluation of local and systemic photobiomodulation in only single-implant insertion: a randomized clinical trial

2025-06-18

Daniel Sartorelli Pucca , Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro | Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Photobiomodulation with infrared laser to control dental hypersensitivity in children with molar-incisor hypomineralization – clinical cases

2025-06-18

Carla Marinho Barreto Gois , Cinthya Jeanette Arias-Guillén , Fernanda Miori Pascon +2 more | Revista de Odontopediatría Latinoamericana

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a common developmental dental defect of permanent teeth, that negatively affects enamel and dentin, predominantly affecting permanent molars and occasionally impacting permanent incisors. Clinical manifestations of … Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a common developmental dental defect of permanent teeth, that negatively affects enamel and dentin, predominantly affecting permanent molars and occasionally impacting permanent incisors. Clinical manifestations of HMI are patient-specific and can be categorized by the extent and severity of the enamel defects. These classifications range from mild to severe and may include the loss of tooth structure. Additionally, HMI can give rise to pronounced aesthetic challenges and may elicit hypersensitivity in some cases. This study aimed to address gaps in literature by describing treatment for pediatric patients with HMI and managing dentin hypersensitivity. These case reports document patients with MIH-caused hypersensitivity who underwent photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment using a low-power infrared laser in four irradiation sessions. The following irradiation parameters were applied: energy of 2J, output power of 100 mW, for 20 s, in continuous mode, with a beam area of 0.04 cm2, per point. The irradiation points targeted on the affected teeth were: one in the cervical area, one in the apical region of each root, and one in the occlusal region of the molars. Pain levels were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale before and after treatment. Following laser therapy sessions, the patients remained under observation and reported no complaints associated with the condition. It can be concluded that PBM therapy with a low-power laser effectively treats hypersensitivity in MIH, controlling discomfort and pain to improve the patient's quality of life.

Photobiomodulation Therapy to Stimulate Autonomous Eruption of Palatally Impacted Canines After Conventional Surgery: A Split-Mouth Case Report

2025-06-17

Martina Horodynski , A. De Stefano , Gilberto García del Pino +3 more | Applied Sciences

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) on the eruption rate of impacted maxillary canines after surgery, using a split-mouth design. Methods: … Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) on the eruption rate of impacted maxillary canines after surgery, using a split-mouth design. Methods: A 16-year-old patient was referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences of “Sapienza” University of Rome. Clinical examination revealed the persistence of maxillary primary canines and the absence of a palpable canine bump. CBCT scans confirmed that both upper permanent canines were impacted in the palatal osteomucosal region and showed a mesial inclination. Conventional surgery with cold blade was performed for both impacted canines, and PBMT was applied on element 2.3 for three sessions after surgery. Since this is a case report, no statistical analysis was performed. Results: The eruption movement of the two impacted canines was evaluated 16 weeks after surgery. The extent of the spontaneous eruption movement of element 1.3 was 0.21 mm, while element 2.3, which underwent three sessions of PBMT following surgery, moved 3.16 mm. Conclusions: The element that underwent PBMT appears to respond positively in terms of spontaneous eruption following disinclusion surgery compared to the contralateral element that was not stimulated with the laser. These findings suggest that photobiomodulation therapy could be effective in accelerating the eruption of palatally impacted canines following surgery, avoiding the need to use orthodontic traction. Future randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to demonstrate these preliminary results.

Photobiomodulation treatment in incomplete spinal cord injuries or peripheral nerve injuries: a comprehensive systematic review of randomized clinical trials

2025-06-17

Gustavo Henrique Weimer , Cláudio Felipe Kolling da Rocha | Lasers in Medical Science

Silencing the Stray Strands: Electrolysis to Tame Iatrogenic Oral Hair Growth

2025-06-17

Kritika Gupta , Sunil Gupta , Tanvi Agrawal +1 more | Indian Dermatology Online Journal

Abstract Intraoral hair growth following flap reconstruction for oral cancer surgery is a common but often overlooked complication. This case series presents two patients who developed iatrogenic intraoral hair after … Abstract Intraoral hair growth following flap reconstruction for oral cancer surgery is a common but often overlooked complication. This case series presents two patients who developed iatrogenic intraoral hair after nasolabial flap reconstructions, resulting in mucosal irritation, difficulty maintaining oral hygiene, and emotional distress. Laser hair removal was not feasible due to technical limitations in the oral cavity. Instead, electrolysis was successfully employed as a permanent hair removal method. Both patients showed improvement after treatment, with one requiring a second session due to slight recurrence. Electrolysis is a practical and effective alternative to laser therapy for managing intraoral hair growth, particularly in cases where laser treatments are challenging.

Response to Sah and Mathur

2025-06-17

Stefano Moretto , Steeve Doizi , Alberto Quarà +7 more | BJU International

Ácido Hialurônico vs. PRF no tratamento da disfunção temporomandibular (DTM): uma análise comparativa

2025-06-17

Vinicius Moura Ferreira Castro , Jonathas Mrotzeck de Arauo , Rodrigo Barros de Lima Melo | Brazilian Journal of Health Review

A Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM) é uma condição que compromete a articulação temporomandibular (ATM) e os músculos mastigatórios, gerando dor, limitação funcional e impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes (Silva … A Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM) é uma condição que compromete a articulação temporomandibular (ATM) e os músculos mastigatórios, gerando dor, limitação funcional e impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes (Silva et al., 2021). Entre as terapias minimamente invasivas, o ácido hialurônico (AH) e a fibrina rica em plaquetas (PRF) têm se destacado por seus efeitos positivos no manejo da DTM. O AH, com propriedades lubrificantes e anti-inflamatórias, é indicado para casos de DTM articular inflamatória, promovendo alívio da dor e melhora da mobilidade articular (Arliani et al., 2022). Por outro lado, o PRF, um biomaterial autólogo com alta concentração de plaquetas e leucócitos, atua na regeneração tecidual e na modulação da resposta inflamatória, sendo especialmente eficaz em quadros degenerativos da ATM (Choukroun et al., 2001; Kawazoe e Kim, 2012). Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar a eficácia dessas duas abordagens terapêuticas, destacando suas indicações, benefícios e limitações (Silva et al., 2021).

Fs-Laser-Induced Micro- and Nanostructures on Polycarbonate and Cellulose Acetate Butyrate for Cell Alignment

2025-06-16

Lukas Wagner , Werner Baumgärtner , Agnes Weth +2 more | Applied Sciences

Laser-generated structures have a huge potential to induce an alignment of biological cells, which may be important for various fields in medicine and biotechnology. We describe the formation of fs-laser-induced … Laser-generated structures have a huge potential to induce an alignment of biological cells, which may be important for various fields in medicine and biotechnology. We describe the formation of fs-laser-induced micro- and nanostructures for achieving the directed growth of Schwann cells, a type of glial cell that can support the regeneration of nerve pathways by guiding the neuronal axons in the direction of their alignment. Polymer surfaces, i.e., polycarbonate (PC) or cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), were exposed to the beam of a 1040 nm Yb-based amplified fs-laser system with a pulse length of about 350 fs. With appropriate parameters, the laser exposure resulted in a surface topography with oriented micro-grooves, which, for PC, were covered with nano-ripples. Schwann cell growth on these substrates was inspected after 3 to 5 days of cultivation by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We show that Schwann cells can grow in a certain direction, predetermined by micro-groove or nano-ripple orientation. In contrast, cells cultivated on randomly oriented nanofibers or unstructured surfaces show an omnidirectional growth behavior. This method may be used in the future to produce nerve conduits for the treatment of injuries to the peripheral nervous system.

Development of a Flexible Electrode for Electrical Stimulation of Rabbit Extraocular Muscle

2025-06-16

Hee Kyung Yang , Lee-Woon Jang , Dong Hyun Kim +4 more | Korean Journal of Ophthalmology

To develop a flexible electrode for electrical stimulation of extraocular muscle and to evaluate the safety of applying direct electrical stimulation to muscle and its potential effects on ocular tissue … To develop a flexible electrode for electrical stimulation of extraocular muscle and to evaluate the safety of applying direct electrical stimulation to muscle and its potential effects on ocular tissue in rabbits. A flexible electrode was fabricated using a conventional photolithography process. This electrode comprised a 300nm-thick platinum layer embedded within a 30μm-thick polyimide cable. In an in vivo study, five rabbits underwent electrical stimulation of the right superior and inferior rectus muscles. Stimulation consisted of 12 pulses (1 pulse/second, 2.0 mA, 0.1 ms duration) applied for five minutes to the right superior rectus muscle, followed by five minutes to the right inferior rectus muscle. This regimen was performed three times a week for four weeks. Subsequent histological examination was conducted on the conjunctiva, extraocular muscles, sclera, and retina. Direct electrical stimulation of extraocular muscle using a flexible electrode could successfully elicit eye movement in rabbits. Histologic examination demonstrated no evidence of detrimental effects of the electrical stimulation. Direct electrical stimulation of extraocular muscle using a flexible electrode could safely elicit eye movement without any ocular damage in rabbits.

Enhancing osseointegration: A comprehensive review of UV photofunctionalization for titanium dental implants

2025-06-15

N. Lisa Chacko , Kala Sukumaran , Smitha Ravindran +3 more | IP Annals of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry

In vitro investigation: the impact of MI varnish and fractional CO₂ laser on demineralized enamel surfaces

2025-06-15

Ayat Majid Salih , A. E. Ali , Soudad S. Ahmed | Iraqi Journal of Laser

To assess the therapeutic efficacy of fractional CO₂ laser and MI varnish alone and their combined effects in two cases ( CO₂ Laser before and after the application of MI … To assess the therapeutic efficacy of fractional CO₂ laser and MI varnish alone and their combined effects in two cases ( CO₂ Laser before and after the application of MI varnish). Method: 60 enamel samples were prepared, and then the samples were passed through the pH cycling process to induce a demineralized enamel surface. The samples were categorized into five groups: control, CO₂ laser, MI varnish, CO₂ laser with MI varnish, and MI varnish with CO₂ laser. Surface alterations were evaluated using the Vickers microhardness assessment, surface roughness, and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) combined with the Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX).Results: All of the microhardness results were diminished after the demineralization process, and then subsequently, the different treatments enhanced the demineralized enamel surface with no notable distinction among the treatment groups. The surface roughness data showed improved surface roughness in the CO₂ laser-containing groups. The surface morphology and mineral weight were enhanced after the treatments.All treatment groups were effective in enhancing the microhardness, roughness, and surface morphology in comparison to the control group, preferring the simultaneous application of CO₂ laser and MI varnish in both instances (similar results).

The Efficacy of Diode Laser (810-980 nm) as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis on Porphyromonas gingivalis: A Randomized Split-Mouth Study

2025-06-15

Fatima Salman , Layla M.H. Al-ameri | Iraqi Journal of Laser

Abstract: Periodontitis is a chronic, complex inflammatory condition linked to dysbiotic plaque biofilms and marked by the progressive deterioration of the tooth-supporting structures. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a critical periodontal infection, is … Abstract: Periodontitis is a chronic, complex inflammatory condition linked to dysbiotic plaque biofilms and marked by the progressive deterioration of the tooth-supporting structures. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a critical periodontal infection, is known to significantly contribute to the onset and advancement of periodontal illnesses by inducing a dysbiotic alteration in the overall, particularly sub-gingival, gram-positive and gram-negative periodontal microbiota. Conventional therapies, including scaling and root planing (SRP), seek to eliminate plaque and tartar from the surfaces of teeth and subgingival areas. Nonetheless, these treatments are accompanied by certain limitations.The advent of diode lasers has demonstrated potential as an adjuvant therapy, possibly improving the results of traditional treatments.Aim of the study: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the diode laser as an adjunctive treatment modality for nonsurgical treatment versus SRP only on the colony-forming unit (CFU) of the Porphyromonas gingivalis in patients with periodontitis.Material and methods: This research was structured as a singular, randomized controlled, split-mouth clinical experiment. Twenty-five persons (11 females and 14 men aged 20 to 56 years) diagnosed with periodontitis, participated in this research. Following primary periodontal treatment, which included dental hygiene guidelines and scaling procedures, each patient underwent two separate treatments on opposing sides of the mouth. The left side was designated as the test group, while the right side was allocated to the control group. Randomization was accomplished by a coin toss to guarantee impartial allocation.In the test group(left side) patients underwent scaling and root planing (SRP) in conjunction with diode laser therapy; in the opposing control group (right side) they received scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment exclusively. The laser was set at a 1.5 W, continuous wave, 400 μm tip, contact, and sweeping technique. 50 Subgingival plaque samples were taken after recording periodontal parameters, plaque index(PI), bleeding on probing(BOP), periodontal pocket depth(PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) at baseline before, immediately after 3 days, 1 week, and 12 weeks post-treatment. Microbiological assessments focused on the colony-forming unit of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.G). Colony-forming units (CFU) were enumerated for each group for 48-72 hours on a suitable culture medium following serial dilution. Clinically isolated bacteria were confirmed by using the biochemical test, microscopic examination,viteck II system, and finally by PCR technique (16S rRNA).Result: Colony-forming units (CFU) reduced with both forms of treatment and did not return to the initial concentrations three months after therapy. The SRP plus the diode laser group exhibited significantly higher reductions in bacterial levels of P. gingivalis at 3 days, 1 week, and 3 months after treatment in comparison to SRP treatments alone.

A comparative Efficacy of 635 nm and 980 nm Low-Level Laser Therapy in Treating Temporomandibular Disorders

2025-06-15

Noor Q. Mohammed , Zainab F. Mahdi , Balsam S. Abdulhameed | Iraqi Journal of Laser

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a complex group of conditions impacting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscles, leading to pain, reduced jaw mobility, and other debilitating symptoms. These conditions … Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a complex group of conditions impacting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscles, leading to pain, reduced jaw mobility, and other debilitating symptoms. These conditions often result from multifactorial causes, including malocclusion, trauma, stress, and parafunctional habits. Effective treatment is challenging, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches.Aim: This study compares the efficacy of two low-level laser therapy (LLLT) modalities with wavelengths of 635 nm and 980 nm in managing TMD symptoms. The goal is to determine which wavelength provides superior short-term and long-term therapeutic outcomes in pain relief, improved mouth function, and reduction of tender points.Materials and methods: Fifty patients with diagnosed temporomandibular disorder (TMD) were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received 635 nm low-level laser therapy (LLLT) , while Group 2 was treated with 980 nm low-level laser therapy( LLLT). Pain levels, mouth opening range, and the number of tender points were measured before each treatment and at a one-month follow-up. The treatment was administered in continuous mode, with a power output of 0.3 Watts (W). Irradiation time was 30 seconds per tender point, with a total of four treatment sessions (two sessions per week). A follow-up assessment was conducted one month after the completion of the treatment protocol. Data was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods to evaluate the efficacy of the treatments.Result: The 635 nm laser group experienced significantly greater reductions in pain intensity (p = 0.025) and fewer tender points in the masseter muscle (p = 0.048) compared to the 980 nm laser group during the short-term evaluation. However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups at the one-month follow-up.Conclusion: The 635 nm laser demonstrated superior short-term efficacy in reducing pain and masseter tender points, whereas both wavelengths were equally effective in the long term. These findings highlight the importance of wavelength selection in optimizing low-level laser therapy (LLLT) protocols for temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) management. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying these differences and to identify the optimal parameters for sustained therapeutic outcomes.

Illuminating healing: The expanding horizons of photobiomodulation therapy

2025-06-15

Divyabharathi Selvam , Venkat Rengaasamy , Muthukumar Balasubramium | IP Annals of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry

The effect of low level diode laser in treatment of recurrent apthous stomatitis (case study)

2025-06-15

Dalia saleem kareem , Layla M. H. Al-ameri , Ammar Saleh Alalawi | Iraqi Journal of Laser

Objective: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a common, painful, and recurrent oral condition characterized by ulcer formation. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. conventional methods like … Objective: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a common, painful, and recurrent oral condition characterized by ulcer formation. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. conventional methods like topical anesthetics, such as benzocaine. Mouth rinses containing hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine, or dexamethasone. Corticosteroid ointments, such as fluocinonide, beclomethasone, or hydrocortisone hemosuccinate, primarily focus on symptom relief rather than cure. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has emerged as a promising treatment modality, offering minimal invasiveness and effective healing. Case Presentation: A 28-year-old female patient presented with a painful ulceration (6*5mm) with edematous border on the lateral surface of her tongue, after clinical examination (ulcer duration and frequency, the number of ulcers present, their shape and size, location, and specific characteristics such as the edges, base, and the condition of the surrounding tissues). and the medical history of the patient diagnosed as Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. The condition is treated by using low-level diode laser therapy. using a diode laser 980 nm with the power set at 1W, a non-contact laser application. The distance between the laser probe’s tip and the ulcer surface was meticulously maintained at 10mm. A single laser treatment session consisted of four 30-second applications, separated by a 15-second interval. The cumulative laser application time amounted to approximately 120 seconds. Conclusion: Low-level diode laser therapy significantly reduces pain, lesion size, and edema in RAS patients, while improving patient satisfaction, functional ability, and reducing Interleukin-1 beta (IL1β), Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 ( TGFβ-1) serum levels.

Subcutaneous injection of conditioned medium from photobiomodulation-treated adipose-derived stromal cells promotes hair growth and angiogenesis in mice

2025-06-14

In‐Su Park | Archives of Dermatological Research

1739-P: Photobiomodulation Acutely Augments Resting Metabolism in Women with Obesity

2025-06-13

Roberto Codella , Silvia Allemano , M Buratti +5 more | Diabetes

Introduction and Objective: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive, low-level laser treatment that has been shown to improve insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, and inflammation associated with obesity. This study proposes PBM … Introduction and Objective: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive, low-level laser treatment that has been shown to improve insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, and inflammation associated with obesity. This study proposes PBM as an alternative strategy to enhance mitochondrial efficiency in subjects with obesity. Methods: In a randomized parallel design, 18 women (44 ± 9 years) with obesity (BMI: 36.9 ± 4 kg/m2) and 14 women (43 ± 10 years) sedentary normal-weight (BMI: 22.7 ± 2 kg/m2) underwent either PBM (front & back exposure, red light λ: 633-660 nm, NIR: 850-940 nm) or control (SHAM) for 12 minutes. Resting energy metabolism (REE) was assessed via indirect calorimetry pre- and post-exposure. Skin autofluorescence, heart rate, blood pressure, POMS, and rate of perceived exertion were monitored, with diet and physical activity controlled. Results: A 2x2x2 ANOVA revealed a significant group x time interaction (F3,58=3.422, P=0.023) and a main effect of time (F1,58=12.24, P=0.009) with REE increased in women with obesity post-PBM compared to pre-PBM (+9.5%, 1624 ± 314 vs 1469 ± 321 kcal/day, P&lt;0.001, Figure). Conclusion: These preliminary data suggest that energy utilization efficiency was enhanced in women with obesity post-PBM, leading to higher overall energy expenditure without altering the balance of substrates being oxidized (no differences in respiratory exchange ratio). Disclosure R. Codella: None. S. Allemano: None. M. Buratti: None. E. Conti: None. L. Filipas: None. D. Gotti: None. L. Luzi: Speaker's Bureau; A. Menarini Diagnostics, Amgen Inc. Research Support; Boehringer-Ingelheim. Advisory Panel; Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker's Bureau; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Medtronic. Speaker's Bureau; Novartis AG, Novo Nordisk. M. De Nardi: None.

Short-term effects of vascular photobiomodulation on temporomandibular disorders in children: a randomized, controlled, single-blind pilot study

2025-06-13

María Roxana Ferreira Sertaje , Ana Paula Taboada Sobral , Marcela Letícia Leal Gonçalves +7 more | Lasers in Medical Science

Histological Evaluation of Oral Soft Tissue Biopsy by Dual-Wavelength Diode Laser: An Ex Vivo Study

2025-06-13

Daniele Pergolini , Alessandro Del Vecchio , Mohamed Mohsen +7 more | Dentistry Journal

Background: Diode lasers are valuable in oral surgery due to their excellent hemostasis, minimum post-operative pain, and minimally invasive procedures. A dual-wavelength diode laser in dentistry combines two distinct wavelengths, … Background: Diode lasers are valuable in oral surgery due to their excellent hemostasis, minimum post-operative pain, and minimally invasive procedures. A dual-wavelength diode laser in dentistry combines two distinct wavelengths, typically 450 nm and 808 nm, to provide a versatile approach to soft tissue procedures. This ex vivo study investigated the quantity of thermal effects of a dual-wavelength diode laser on porcine lingual mucosa to determine the optimal laser parameters for oral soft tissue biopsies and to improve the reliability of histological evaluation. The presence of thermal damage in the prelesional margins may compromise the diagnostic accuracy, particularly in cases of suspected malignancy. Methods: Thirty-six porcine lingual mucosa samples were excised using a diode laser (Wiser 3, Doctor Smile) in continuous wave (CW) and pulsed wave (PW) modes at average powers of 2, 3, and 4 W. The samples, preserved in 5% buffered formalin, underwent histological evaluation to measure epithelial and connective tissue damage. Results: The study demonstrated variable thermal effects depending on the laser mode and power settings. Minimal epithelial damage (0.62 mm) was observed at 2 W CW, while maximum damage (3.12 mm) occurred at 4 W pulsed wave (PW). Connective tissue exhibited slightly greater damage than epithelial tissue, with minimal damage (0.53 mm) at 4 W CW and maximum damage (3.19 mm) at 4 W pulsed wave (PW). Statistical analyses were performed using t-tests and ANOVA and revealed significant differences in tissue damage between certain groups, highlighting the impact of laser parameters on thermal effects. Conclusions: The dual-wavelength diode laser seems to have good surgical properties and is suitable for managing complex clinical cases. Although the low power average showed minimal thermal damage, for the importance of the diagnosis of suspected lesions of malignancy, a 2 mm prelesional margin should be maintained.