Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science

Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies

Works Count: 190210

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Description

This cluster of papers explores the physiology, dormancy, chilling requirements, rootstock effects, carbohydrate metabolism, and management practices related to fruit trees. It also discusses the impact of climate change on fruit tree growth and development.

Keywords

Fruit Trees; Dormancy; Chilling Requirement; Rootstock; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Climate Change; Growth Regulation; Flowering; Orchard Management; Nutrient Uptake

An Introduction to Plant Physiology

1932-06-01

Will G. Hopkins

PLANT HORMONES: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action

2010-01-01

Peter J. Davies

Plant Hormones and their Role in Plant Growth and Development

1987-01-01

Peter J. Davies

The commercial storage of fruits, vegetables, and florist and nursery stocks

1986-01-01

Robert E. Hardenburg , Alley E. Watada , Chien Yi Wang

Manual of the grasses of the United States

1935-01-01

A. S. Hitchcock

Manual of the grasses of the United States , Manual of the grasses of the United States , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی Manual of the grasses of the United States , Manual of the grasses of the United States , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

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Plant Breeding Systems

1997-01-01

A. J. Richards

Plant Growth Substances

1957-03-01

L. J. AUDUS

Physiology of Woody Plants

1997-01-01

Stephen G. Pallardy

Plant Physiological Ecology

2000-01-01

Robert W. Pearcy , James R. Ehleringer , Harold A. Mooney +1 more

Esau's Plant anatomy: meristems, cells, and tissues of the plant body: their structure, function, and development

2007-03-01

Ray F. Evert

Preface. Acknowledgments. General References. Chapter 1. Structure and Development of the Plant Body-An Overview. Chapter 2. The Protoplast: Plasma Membrane, Nucleus, and Cytoplasmic Organelles. Chapter 3. The Protoplast: Endomembrane System, … Preface. Acknowledgments. General References. Chapter 1. Structure and Development of the Plant Body-An Overview. Chapter 2. The Protoplast: Plasma Membrane, Nucleus, and Cytoplasmic Organelles. Chapter 3. The Protoplast: Endomembrane System, Secretory Pathways, Cytoskeleton, and Stored Compounds. Chapter 4. Cell Wall . Chapter 5. Meristems and Differentiation. Chapter 6. Apical Meristems. Chapter 7. Parenchyma and Collenchyma. Chapter 8. Sclerenchyma. Chapter 9. Epidermis. Chapter 10. Xylem: Cell Types and Developmental Aspects. Chapter 11. Xylem: Secondary Xylem and Variations in Wood Structure. Chapter 12. Vascular Cambium. Chapter 13. Phloem: Cell Types and Developmental Aspects. Chapter 14. Phloem: Secondary Phloem and Variations in Its Structure. Chapter 15. Periderm. Chapter 16. External Secretory Structures. Chapter 17. Internal Secretory Structures. Addendum: Other Pertinent References Not Cited in the Text. Glossary. Author Index. Subject Index.

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND OSMOTIC POTENTIAL IN LEAVES OF MANGROVES AND SOME OTHER PLANTS

1964-07-01

P. F. Scholander , H. T. Hammel , Edvard A. Hemmingsen +1 more

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Beginnings of Fruit Growing in the Old World

1975-01-31

Daniel Zohary , Pinhas Spiegel-Roy

The article reviews the available information on the start of fruit tree cultivation in the Old World. On the basis of (i) evaluation of the available archeological remains and (ii) … The article reviews the available information on the start of fruit tree cultivation in the Old World. On the basis of (i) evaluation of the available archeological remains and (ii) examination of the wild relatives of the cultivated crops, it was concluded that olive, grape, date, and fig were the first important horticultural additions to the Mediterranean grain agriculture. They were most likely domesticated in the Near East in protohistoric time (fourth and third millennia B.C.) and they emerge as important food elements in the early Bronze Age. Domestication of all four fruit trees was based on a shift from sexual reproduction (in the wild) to vegetative propagation of clones (under domestication). Olive, grape, date, and fig can be vegetatively propagated by simple techniques (cuttings, basal knobs, suckers) and were thus preadapted for domestication early in the development of agriculture. The shift to clonal propagation placed serious limitations on selection and on fruit set under cultivation. We have examined the consequences of this shift in terms of the genetic makeup of the cultivars and traced the various countermeasures that evolved to ensure fruit set. Finally, it was pointed out that in each of these classic fruit trees we are confronted with a variable complex of genuinely wild types, secondary weedy derivatives and feral plants, and groups of the domesticated clones, which are all interfertile and interconnected by occasional hybridization. It was concluded that introgression from the diversified wild gene pool facilitated the rapid buildup of variation in the domesticated crops.

A Potent Inhibitor of Ethylene Action in Plants

1976-09-01

Elmo M. Beyer

Ag(I), applied foliarly as AgNO(3), effectively blocked the ability of exogenously applied ethylene to elicit the classical "triple" response in intact etiolated peas (Pisum sativumcv. Alaska); stimulate leaf, flower, and … Ag(I), applied foliarly as AgNO(3), effectively blocked the ability of exogenously applied ethylene to elicit the classical "triple" response in intact etiolated peas (Pisum sativumcv. Alaska); stimulate leaf, flower, and fruit abscission in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumcv. Stoneville 213); and induce senescence of orchids (Hybrid white Cattleya, Louise Georgeianna). This property of Ag(I) surpasses that of the well known ethylene antagonist, CO(2), and its persistence, specificity, and lack of phytotoxicity at effective concentrations should prove useful in defining further the role of ethylene in plant growth.

Carbohydrate sources and sinks in woody plants

1992-04-01

T. T. Kozlowski

The Plant Root and its Environment

1974-11-01

J. M. Soileau

Genetic Regulation of Fruit Development and Ripening

2004-03-12

James J. Giovannoni

Fruit development and ripening are unique to plants and represent an important component of human and animal diets. Recent discoveries have shed light on the molecular basis of developmental ripening … Fruit development and ripening are unique to plants and represent an important component of human and animal diets. Recent discoveries have shed light on the molecular basis of developmental ripening control, suggested common regulators of climacteric and nonclimacteric ripening physiology, and

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The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom

1878-01-01

Charles Darwin

1. Introductory remarks 2. Convolvulacaea 2. Scrophulariaceae, Gesneriaceae, Labiatae, etc. 4. Cruciferae, Papaveraceae, Resedaceae, etc. 5. Geraniaceae, Leguminosae, Onagraceae, etc. 6. Solanaceae, Primulaceae, Polygoneae, etc. 7. Summary of the heights … 1. Introductory remarks 2. Convolvulacaea 2. Scrophulariaceae, Gesneriaceae, Labiatae, etc. 4. Cruciferae, Papaveraceae, Resedaceae, etc. 5. Geraniaceae, Leguminosae, Onagraceae, etc. 6. Solanaceae, Primulaceae, Polygoneae, etc. 7. Summary of the heights and weights of the crossed and self-fertilised plants 8. Difference between crossed and self-fertilised plants in constitutional vigour and in other respects 9. The effects of cross-fertilisation and self-fertilisation on the production of seeds 10. Means of fertilisation 11. The habits of insects in relation to the fertilisation of flowers 12. General results Index.

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Early flower development in Arabidopsis.

1990-08-01

David Smyth , John P. Bowman , Elliot M. Meyerowitz

The early development of the flower of Arabidopsis thaliana is described from initiation until the opening of the bud. The morphogenesis, growth rate, and surface structure of floral organs were … The early development of the flower of Arabidopsis thaliana is described from initiation until the opening of the bud. The morphogenesis, growth rate, and surface structure of floral organs were recorded in detail using scanning electron microscopy. Flower development has been divided into 12 stages using a series of landmark events. Stage 1 begins with the initiation of a floral buttress on the flank of the apical meristem. Stage 2 commences when the flower primordium becomes separate from the meristem. Sepal primordia then arise (stage 3) and grow to overlie the primordium (stage 4). Petal and stamen primordia appear next (stage 5) and are soon enclosed by the sepals (stage 6). During stage 6, petal primordia grow slowly, whereas stamen primordia enlarge more rapidly. Stage 7 begins when the medial stamens become stalked. These soon develop locules (stage 8). A long stage 9 then commences with the petal primordia becoming stalked. During this stage all organs lengthen rapidly. This includes the gynoecium, which commences growth as an open-ended tube during stage 6. When the petals reach the length of the lateral stamens, stage 10 begins. Stigmatic papillae appear soon after (stage 11), and the petals rapidly reach the height of the medial stamens (stage 12). This final stage ends when the 1-millimeter-long bud opens. Under our growing conditions 1.9 buds were initiated per day on average, and they took 13.25 days to progress through the 12 stages from initiation until opening.

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Ethylene Biosynthesis and Signaling Networks

2002-05-01

Kevin L.-C. Wang , Hai Li , Joseph R. Ecker

Despite its simple two-carbon structure, the olefin ethylene is a potent modulator of plant growth and development ([Ecker, 1995][1]). The plant hormone ethylene is involved in many aspects of the … Despite its simple two-carbon structure, the olefin ethylene is a potent modulator of plant growth and development ([Ecker, 1995][1]). The plant hormone ethylene is involved in many aspects of the plant life cycle, including seed germination, root hair development, root nodulation, flower senescence

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The Plant Hormones: Their Nature, Occurrence, and Functions

2007-11-05

Peter J. Davies

Diagnostic Criteria for Plants and Soils

1966-05-01

Dormancy in Higher Plants

1964-06-01

A. Vegis

Advances in fruit breeding.

1975-01-01

Jules Janick , James N. Moore

Plant Physiology and Development

2015-01-01

Juan Cuello Moreno

Encyclopedia of plant physiology, New series

1978-01-01

J.B. Harbörne

Plant Breeding Systems.

1987-01-01

Scott A. Mori , A. J. Richards

Comparative Physiological Studies on the Growth of Field Crops: I. Variation in Net Assimilation Rate and Leaf Area between Species and Varieties, and within and between Years

1947-01-01

D. J. WATSON

Journal Article Comparative Physiological Studies on the Growth of Field Crops: I. Variation in Net Assimilation Rate and Leaf Area between Species and Varieties, and within and between Years Get … Journal Article Comparative Physiological Studies on the Growth of Field Crops: I. Variation in Net Assimilation Rate and Leaf Area between Species and Varieties, and within and between Years Get access D. J. WATSON D. J. WATSON Rothamsted Experimental StationHarpenden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Annals of Botany, Volume 11, Issue 1, January 1947, Pages 41–76, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083148 Published: 01 January 1947

Encyclopedia of plant physiology

1980-12-01

E. Jelke

A Model for Estimating the Completion of Rest for ‘Redhaven’ and ‘Elberta’ Peach Trees1

1974-08-01

Elise A. Richardson , Schuyler D. Seeley , David R. Walker

Abstract A mathematical model relating environmental temperatures to rest completion of 2 peach cultivars has been developed. The model equates temperatures to effective chill-units, such that, one can predict when … Abstract A mathematical model relating environmental temperatures to rest completion of 2 peach cultivars has been developed. The model equates temperatures to effective chill-units, such that, one can predict when rest will or has been completed with a high degree of accuracy.

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Ethylene Role in Plant Growth, Development and Senescence: Interaction with Other Phytohormones

2017-04-04

Noushina Iqbal , Nafees A. Khan , A. Ferrante +3 more

The complex transition, from juvenile to maturity stage, plant life cycle includes growth, reproduction, and senescence of its fundamental organs: leaves, flowers, and fruits. Growth and senescence of leaves, flowers, … The complex transition, from juvenile to maturity stage, plant life cycle includes growth, reproduction, and senescence of its fundamental organs: leaves, flowers, and fruits. Growth and senescence of leaves, flowers, and fruits involve several genetic networks where phytohormone ethylene plays along with its interaction with other hormones, a key role integrating different signals, allowing the onset of conditions favorable for stage progression, reproductive success and determining how long these organs will live. Changes in ethylene level, its perception, and the hormonal crosstalk directly or indirectly regulate the lifespan of plants. The present review focused on ethylene's role in the development and senescence processes in leaves, flowers and fruits, paying special attention to the complex networks of ethylene crosstalk with other hormones. Moreover, the aspects with limited information have been highlighted for future research. Such information would be useful to extend this study's understanding regarding the importance of the ethylene role in growth and senescence and help to design future research areas with the aim to improving the qualitative and quantitative traits of crops.

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Principles of Plant Breeding.

1961-03-01

Oved Shirfriss , R. W. Allard

Handbook of phycological methods, culture methods and growth measurements

1974-01-01

C. Den Hartog

Biochemistry of plants, a comprehensive treatise

1981-06-01

Barry Halliwell

Encyclopedia of plant physiology new series

1980-01-01

Inherent Variation in Growth Rate Between Higher Plants: A Search for Physiological Causes and Ecological Consequences

1992-01-01

Hans Lambers , Hendrik Poorter

The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom /

1876-01-01

Darwin Charles

Pelargonium zonale, a cross between plants propagated by cuttings does no good -Tropasolum minus -Limnanth.esdouglasii - • Lupinus luteus and pilosus -Phaseolus multiflorus and vul- garis -Lathyrus odoratus, varieties of, … Pelargonium zonale, a cross between plants propagated by cuttings does no good -Tropasolum minus -Limnanth.esdouglasii - • Lupinus luteus and pilosus -Phaseolus multiflorus and vul- garis -Lathyrus odoratus, varieties of, never naturally inter- cross in England -Pisum sativum, varieties of, rarely inter- cross, but a cross between them highly beneficial-Sarothamnus scoparius, wonderful effects of a cross -Ononis minutissima, cleistogene flowers of -Summary on the Leguminosje -Clarkia elegans -Bartonia aurea -Pass i flora gracilis -Apium petrose- 1 inum -Scabiosa atropurpurea -Lactuca sativa -Specularia speculum -Lobelia ramosa, advantages of a cross during two generations -Lobelia fulgens -Nemophila insignis, great ad- vantages of a cross -Borago officinalis -Nolana prostrata.

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Endo-, Para-, and Ecodormancy: Physiological Terminology and Classification for Dormancy Research

1987-06-01

Gregory A. Lang , J. D. Early , George C. Martin +1 more

Abstract Plant dormancy has a major impact on the cultivation of plants, influencing such processes as seed germination, flowering, and vegetative growth. The diversity of plant tissues that exhibit, or … Abstract Plant dormancy has a major impact on the cultivation of plants, influencing such processes as seed germination, flowering, and vegetative growth. The diversity of plant tissues that exhibit, or contribute to the manifestation of, dormancy is great, and there appear to be numerous mechanisms of dormancy induction or release. This complexity was discussed by Romberger (55) nearly 25 years ago. Yet his analysis of the unresolved challenges in dormancy research is still valid today, for the overall understanding of dormancy is limited. This lack of understanding may be due, in part, to the abundance of terminology that has arisen without a nomenclatural framework in which to classify and relate the events being described.

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Plant Physiological Ecology

1998-01-01

Hans Lambers , F. Stuart Chapin , Thijs L. Pons

Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie

1955-01-01

W. Ruhland

Evaluation of Nitrogen Nutritional Status in Broccoli, Processing Tomato, and Processing Pepper Under Different Fertilization Regimes in Open Fields in Extremadura

2025-06-25

Jose Maria Vadillo , Carlos Campillo , Sandra Millán +1 more | Horticulturae

Efficient nitrogen management is key to maximizing production and minimizing the environmental impact of horticultural crops. This study analyses the effect of different doses of nitrogen on the development of … Efficient nitrogen management is key to maximizing production and minimizing the environmental impact of horticultural crops. This study analyses the effect of different doses of nitrogen on the development of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) (cultivar Parthenon), processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) (cultivar H1015), and processing pepper (Capsicum annuum) (cultivar Ramonete Lamuyo) in open fields in Extremadura and evaluates rapid and efficient methods for diagnosing their nutritional status. Trials were carried out at the La Orden Experimental Farm (CICYTEX) with different nitrogen fertilization rates. The N doses were 0–60–120–180 kg N/ha for peppers in 2020 and 2021 and 0–200–300 kg N/ha for 2022. For broccoli, the N doses were 0–100–200–300 kg N/ha in 2020 and 0–200–300 kg N/ha for 2022. For tomatoes, the N doses were 0–100–200–300 kg N/ha in 2021 and 0–200–350 kg N/ha for 2022. The following three indicators were compared: chlorophyll content measured with optical sensors, petiole sap nitrate concentration, and the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI). The results indicate that chlorophyll measurement is not suitable for broccoli due to the characteristics of its leaves, but is useful for tomatoes and peppers, providing a quick and non-destructive diagnosis. Nitrate concentration in sap, although more laborious and destructive, was found to be effective in discriminating nutritional status in the three species. However, the NNI did not prove to be a good reference method in open field conditions. These results highlight the importance of adapting nutrient monitoring strategies to the crop and management conditions, contributing to a more efficient use of nitrogen and a reduction in the environmental impact of nitrate leaching.

A comprehensive review on Citrus macroptera Mont.

2025-06-24

Arinuma Dhar , Esha Bala , Bimal K Chetri +1 more | Ethnobotany Research and Applications

Effect of CPPU and Potassium Application On Yield and Quality of Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) Cv. ‘Umran’

2025-06-24

Rajwinder Singh , K. S. Gill , Devi Darshan | Deleted Journal

MdBRC1 and MdFT2 Interaction Fine-Tunes Bud Break Regulation in Apple

2025-06-24

Helena Augusto Gioppato , Joan Estevan , Mohamad Al Bolbol +7 more

SUMMARY Winter bud dormancy is a critical adaptive process in temperate fruit trees, safeguarding meristems from freezing temperatures and aligning growth with seasonal cues. Dormancy encompasses two primary phases: endodormancy, … SUMMARY Winter bud dormancy is a critical adaptive process in temperate fruit trees, safeguarding meristems from freezing temperatures and aligning growth with seasonal cues. Dormancy encompasses two primary phases: endodormancy, where internal signals, particularly elevated abscisic acid (ABA), block growth and necessitate chilling for release; and ecodormancy, where buds regain growth competence but remain quiescent until external conditions are favourable. In apple ( Malus domestica ), we demonstrated that BRANCHED1 ( MdBRC1 ) serves as a central inhibitor of bud growth specifically during ecodormancy. In many plant species, BRC1-like transcription factors integrate environmental and hormonal signals, activating gene networks linked to growth repression, notably those involved in ABA biosynthesis and signalling. Gain-of-function studies in poplar confirmed that MdBRC1 robustly suppresses shoot growth in trees. Our comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed that MdBRC1 directly regulates a suite of dormancy-associated genes, reinforcing its role as a molecular brake on bud break. Importantly, we show that the apple gene FLOWERING LOCUS T2 ( MdFT2 ) is transcriptionally upregulated after dormancy and might act as a key inducer of bud break. Our data reveal that MdFT2 physically interacts with MdBRC1, reducing MdBRC1 activity during ecodormancy. This antagonistic interaction acts as a molecular switch, facilitating the transition from ecodormancy to active bud growth as spring approaches. Together, these findings uncover a regulatory module that finely tunes bud break timing in apple trees and provide a foundation for breeding strategies to enhance fruit tree resilience and adaptability in the context of climate change.

Factors influencing fruit abscission in Siberian apricot (Prunus sibirica L.)

2025-06-24

Yongqiang Sun , Jiancan Feng , Yuncheng Zhang +4 more | Scientia Horticulturae

Linkage Group Assembly and Ordering as a Source of Spurious Qtl Estimates in Mango

2025-06-24

C. A. F. Santos , Deisy Aiane Lima de Aquino , F.L.B. Medeiros | Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental

Objective: This study aimed to align genetic linkage groups (LGs) with the mango physical map by comparing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sequences in the 'Alphonso' mango genome. Theoretical Framework: Few … Objective: This study aimed to align genetic linkage groups (LGs) with the mango physical map by comparing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sequences in the 'Alphonso' mango genome. Theoretical Framework: Few studies have evaluated the impact of linkage group (LG) formation and marker ordering on quantitative trait loci (QTL) estimates for marker-assisted selection (MAS). Method: SNPs from the mango linkage groups (n=20) were aligned on the chromosomes of the genome sequence of the 'Alphonso' mango (n=20), evaluating the correspondence between the genetic linkage map and the physical map. Results and Discussion: Four major aberrations were identified: (a) chromosome 1 was divided into LGs 9 and 14; (b) chromosome 4 was split between LGs 1 and 3; (c) LG 8 was formed by combining SNPs from chromosomes 9 and 17 of 'Alphonso'; and (d) chromosome 18 was not represented in any of the 20 LGs. All remaining LGs, except LGs 11, 14 and 20, contained at least one SNP from non-corresponding reference chromosomes. Significant discrepancies in SNP ordering were observed across the 20 LGs, particularly in 12 LGs. Research Implications: For species with available genome sequences, physical maps, created through SNP sequence Blast alignment, yield better results for quantitative trait mapping aimed at marker-assisted selection. Originality/Value: QTLs utilization in MAS remains limited. Insufficient attention has been given to limitations in linkage group formation and marker ordering compared to physical mapping as sources of spurious QTL estimates.

1-MCP combined with SO2 treatment maintains post-harvest Sunshine Muscat grape berry quality by regulating ROS homeostasis

2025-06-24

Siguo Xiong , Wen Li , Z. T. Li +2 more | Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization

The phenotypic diversity of fruit quality traits within the Chinese apricots

2025-06-24

Xiaoxue Ma , Liu Wei-sheng , Haijuan Zhao +7 more | Euphytica

Impact of Growing Conditions and Water Stress on Turmeric

2025-06-23

Köksal Aydınşakir , Fatma Uysal Bayar , Orçun ÇINAR | Turkish Journal Of Field Crops

This study investigated the effects of three growing media and four water levels on the yield and quality paramaters of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) under a greenhouse conditions in Batı … This study investigated the effects of three growing media and four water levels on the yield and quality paramaters of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) under a greenhouse conditions in Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, Turkey in 2021-2022. The experiment was designed as a factorial block design, with the main factor being three growing media (GM1: 25% perlite +75% cocopeat, GM2: 50% perlite + 50% peat, and GM3: 75% peat + 25% zeolite). The sub factor was four irrigation water levels (IL1:100%, IL2: 75%, IL3: 50%, and IL4:25%) with three replications. Turmeric plants were irrigated based on daily solar radiation values reaching the greenhouse. It was found that irrigation levels affect plant height, tillers number, leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, rhizome weight, curcumin, total phenolic, and total flavonoid content. Evapotranspiration values ranged between 40.3-161.2 L plant-1 (201-806 mm) and 63.2-253.0 L plant-1 (316-1265 mm) in 2021 and 2022 years, respectively. Fresh weight of rhizome for IL1, IL2, IL3 and IL4 treatments were measured as 426.9, 398.9, 308.6 and 253.1 g in 2021 and 608.0, 505.3, 380.0, and 219.7 g in 2022, respectively. It is concluded that decreasing irrigation levels has positive effect in curcumin, total phenolic and flavonoid content, oil, ar-tumerone, alpha-tumerone, beta-tumerone, and alpha-zingiberene but had adverse effect in rhizome weight, plant height, tillers number, and leaf area.

Development of a Bag-Opening Device for Apple Young Fruits Bagging System

2025-06-23

Kai Zhao , Z. Qian , Yankun Ma +1 more | Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India)

A mechanized system for bagging fruits is crucial, especially in places where horticultural products are produced and harvested on large scales. In this regard, it is equally important to open … A mechanized system for bagging fruits is crucial, especially in places where horticultural products are produced and harvested on large scales. In this regard, it is equally important to open the bag without damaging the fruit. The objective of this study was to design an automated device for opening of young apple fruit bags and to analyze its mechanical structure and working principle. This was accomplished by examining factors influencing the bag-opening amplitude and determining key parameters of the device used for bag-opening on paper bags. A single-factor test was conducted to examine how each factor influences the size of the bag-opening amplitude. The optimal combination of parameters was determined by employing orthogonal testing, analysis of variance, response surface analysis, and multi-objective optimization. The observations indicated that the optimal combination consisted of a blowing angle of 6.4°, blowing air pressure of 13.0 kPa, and blowing height of 82.85 mm. There was no damage to bag during the bag-opening test, and the bag-opening amplitude was averaged at 47.80 mm. The study findings showed that the bag-opening effect aligned with the expected outcomes for modern fruit bagging systems aimed at younger fruits.

Understanding Flower Frost Tolerance in Almond (Prunus dulcis): The Role of Phenology, Cultivar and Sugars Content

2025-06-23

Alejandro Calle , Pedro Barba , Laura Torguet +3 more | Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science

ABSTRACT Freezing temperatures during the flower and fruitlet stages are considered one of the most limiting factors for almond cultivation. Understanding the minimum temperature that reproductive organs can resist without … ABSTRACT Freezing temperatures during the flower and fruitlet stages are considered one of the most limiting factors for almond cultivation. Understanding the minimum temperature that reproductive organs can resist without damage is crucial for adapting the crop to different environmental conditions and for breeding cultivars with enhanced tolerance to frost damage. Accordingly, this study examined frost tolerance progression across various phenological stages as well as assessed frost tolerance in 20 almond cultivars during full bloom. Almond cultivars exhibited a noticeable decline in frost tolerance as they advanced through the studied phenological stages, with the highest vulnerability occurring after the fruit set. Phenotyping for frost tolerance at the flowering stage revealed significant differences within cultivars, with most experiencing 50% flower damage at temperatures around −4.0°C. Among the studied cultivars, ‘Vairo’, ‘Tarraco’, ‘Lauranne’, ‘Marinada’, ‘Tuono’ and ‘Penta’ exhibited the highest tolerance to flower freezing, in contrast to ‘Marta’, ‘Marcona’ and ‘Francolí’ which showed the least. To further explore the relationship between physical and chemical traits and lethal temperatures, ovary and pistil weights were measured, along with the determination of the sucrose, fructose and glucose content in the pistils. Correlation analyses revealed that higher pistil sucrose content was associated with increased flower tolerance to freezing temperatures, suggesting that sucrose content enhances, to a certain extent, tolerance to frost damage at the flowering stage. This study provides valuable insights into assessing freezing tolerance within the almond germplasm, offering growers and breeders crucial information for selecting the most well‐adapted cultivars in each environment.

TropiCrisps: LangKamote Chips (Jackfruit & Sweet Potato Fusion)

2025-06-23

Lena Cañet , Marvin R. Tullao , Ismael Kobe Cruz | American Journal of Food Science and Technology

This research investigates the idea behind “TropiCrisps: Langkamote Chips,” a novel snack that creatively uses jackfruit as the main flavor and combines it with sweet potato being very nutritious. It … This research investigates the idea behind “TropiCrisps: Langkamote Chips,” a novel snack that creatively uses jackfruit as the main flavor and combines it with sweet potato being very nutritious. It seeks to enhance healthy snack consumption and sustainable practices. To do this, the product uses modern technologies such as blast freezing and vacuum frying to retain important nutritional profiles and improve shelf life. The study conducted several rounds of tests, sensory testing, proximate testing, and microbiology testing in product formulation to guarantee product safety. Findings from the sensory studies showed that the acceptable level of jackfruit chips was achieved in the third trial, while the second trial had better sweet potato chips accepted. Proximate analysis showed low moisture movement in the jackfruit chips, which played a role in the crispness and longevity of the product compared to the sweet potato chips. FDA microbial limits were achieved on both types. Another alternative, this study meets with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) in terms of encouraging responsible and sustainable food management through the use of locally sourced ingredients. Traditional culinary practices paired with the most up-to-date processes in food technology present “TropiCrisps: LangKamote Chips” as a healthy, green alternative to conventional munchies. Further studies will be conducted to check the shelf of the product at several conditions in order to ensure the quality of the product and improve future formulas. This study shows how indigenous nutrition can contribute to the designing of new snacks in the Philippines without compromising the health of its citizens or the integrity of the ecosystem.

Analysis of Long-Term Trends in Apple Cultivation and its Productivity in the State of Himachal Pradesh (India) from 2001–02 to 2022–23

2025-06-23

Jayant Jangta , Kuldeep Kumar Attri | Deleted Journal

Nitrogen use efficiency in different growth phases: A strategy to optimize melon productivity

2025-06-23

Rika Despita , Mochammad Dawam Maghfoer , Agus Suryanto +1 more | Journal of Ecological Engineering

A review on avocado (Persea americana Mill.) leaf: morphology, nutritional and phytochemical profiles, functional properties, health benefits, and toxicity

2025-06-21

Ibrahim Juma | Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution

A Chinese Herbal Compound Fertilizer Improved the Soil Bacterial Community and Promoted the Quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Huangju’

2025-06-21

Hongliang Li , Hua Qu , Haicheng Xuan +7 more | Agronomy

Chrysanthemum morifolium, ‘Huangju’, is a golden chrysanthemum used for making tea. Limited by land resources, the continuous cropping of Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Huangju’ has led to serious soil issues, which affects … Chrysanthemum morifolium, ‘Huangju’, is a golden chrysanthemum used for making tea. Limited by land resources, the continuous cropping of Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Huangju’ has led to serious soil issues, which affects its yield and quality. In this study, different ratios of traditional Chinese medicine compound fertilizers were used to regulate the soil environment in order to achieve the green prevention and control of continuous cropping obstacles of the golden chrysanthemum. Five treatments were set up in the experiment: the control (CK) and different proportions of the Chinese herbal compound fertilizer T1, T2, T3, and T4. After the application of the traditional Chinese medicine compound fertilizer, the physical and chemical soil properties of the golden chrysanthemum were changed to varying degrees, resulting in an increased yield of golden silk chrysanthemum and an improved tea quality. This preliminary study on the application of the traditional Chinese medicine compound fertilizer T2 and T3—that is, Sophora flavescens–Stemona sessilifolia–Mentha haplocalyx–Perilla frutescens–Artemisia annua at ratios of 2:1:2:1:1.5 and 3:1:3:1:2—treatments provided the best results and can be further developed to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of fertilizers.

Effect of Foliar Nutrition on the Population of Plant Parasitic Nematodes, Flower Quality and Yield of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Hook)

2025-06-21

Bishwa Protim Hazarika , Supriya Langthasa , P.P. Neog +2 more | Journal of Scientific Research and Reports

The study aimed to find out the effect of different concentration of foliar nutrition on soil nematode population, yield and quality of gerbera flowers. The experiment was conducted in a … The study aimed to find out the effect of different concentration of foliar nutrition on soil nematode population, yield and quality of gerbera flowers. The experiment was conducted in a field where different genera of plant parasitic nematodes from soil were recorded and the field was located at the Instructional cum Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Biswanath College of Agriculture, AAU, Biswanath Chariali during rabi season 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and twenty four treatment combinations viz., different concentration of foliar sprays T1: Control, T2: 3g/l NPK +20g/l micronutrient, T3: 4g/l NPK +20g/l micronutrient, T4: 5g/l NPK +20g/l micronutrient and six varieties V1: Pride of Sikkim, V2: Arka Krishika, V3: Pink Melody, V4: Orange Sun Brust, V5: Saffron, V6: Red Seven. Treatment wise suckers of different varieties of gerbera were planted at spacing of 30 cm from row to row and 30cm from plant to plant in each plot measuring 1sq.m. One month after planting treatment wise different concentration of foliar sprays were applied and same treatments were repeated at 15 days interval till six months from planting. Final nematode population in soil was recorded one month after the last application of foliar nutrients. Significant effect on different concentrations of foliar nutrition on the stalk length, flower diameter and number of flowers per plot was observed across all the varieties. The maximum stalk length, flower diameter and number of flowers per plot was observed in the treatment with 5 g/l NPK + 20 g/l micronutrient, in all the varieties, whereas the minimum was recorded in control. The highest number of flowers per plot was recorded in the plots with variety Pride of Sikkim. While the lowest number of flowers was recorded in plots with variety Red Seven. The variety Pride of Sikkim exhibited the maximum stalk length. The maximum flower diameter was observed in Orange Sunburst, while variety Red Seven recorded the minimum stalk length and flower diameter. The nematode population had shown a significant correlation with the varying concentrations of foliar nutrition. Among the different concentrations of foliar spray 5g/l NPK + 20 g/l micronutrient recorded minimum nematode population in soil, while maximum nematode population was recorded in control. The minimum nematode population in soil was recorded in the plots with variety Arka Krishika, while the maximum nematode population was recorded in plots with variety Red seven.

Evaluation of Morphological Characteristics, Antioxidants, and Volatile Compounds of Selected New Yellow-fleshed Peach Cultivars

2025-06-20

Jin Zhao , Xiaoming Sun , Chunling Zhang +2 more | HortScience

To further improve the self-fruiting ability, storability, and enhance flavor quality of the yellow-fleshed peach cultivar Jinhuangjin (JHJ), the Jinhuangjin 2 (JHJ 2) and Jinhuangjin 8 (JHJ 8) cultivars were … To further improve the self-fruiting ability, storability, and enhance flavor quality of the yellow-fleshed peach cultivar Jinhuangjin (JHJ), the Jinhuangjin 2 (JHJ 2) and Jinhuangjin 8 (JHJ 8) cultivars were bred via crossbreeding and bud selection, respectively, and derived from the JHJ cultivar. In this study, the main growth stages, morphological characteristics, contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids of ‘JHJ 2’ and ‘JHJ 8’ were compared with those of the maternal cultivar JHJ, and an analysis of the volatile compounds of ‘JHJ 2’ and ‘JHJ 8’ were conducted. The JHJ 2 cultivar matured relatively late and the harvest period was delayed until early September. The morphological characteristics of the JHJ 2 cultivar significantly differed from those of JHJ and JHJ 8 cultivars in terms of flower color, flower type, stigma position compared with anther, self-pollination ability, and angle at the leaf apex. The JHJ 8 cultivar had smaller flowers and leaves but larger fruits compared with those of the JHJ and JHJ 2 cultivars. The pulp of the JHJ 8 cultivar contained the highest amount of flavonoid and phenolics concentrations. According to the principal component analysis (PCA) of data based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the contents of volatile compounds were most abundant in pulp of the JHJ 2 cultivar and highlighted the distinctions of the breeding selection (JHJ 2 and JHJ 8 cultivars) from the maternal JHJ cultivar. The present study aimed to provide insights into the characteristics of the newly developed JHJ 2 and JHJ 8 cultivars as well as antioxidants and contents of volatile compounds. The results of this study offer insights for improving the later-maturing yellow-fleshed peach cultivar.

Potassium and methionine mitigate the alternate bearing of Balady mandarin via reducing gibberellins and increasing salicylic acid and auxins

2025-06-20

A. E. A. Shaban , Mohammed I.M. El-Banna , Ahmed Abdelhady Rashedy | Scientific Reports

Abstract Alternate bearing (AB) is a major challenge for citrus orchards. Increasing yield in one season (On year) leads to more seeds (fruits) as a supplier of gibberellins, which delay … Abstract Alternate bearing (AB) is a major challenge for citrus orchards. Increasing yield in one season (On year) leads to more seeds (fruits) as a supplier of gibberellins, which delay harvesting with low fruit quality and also decreases flowering and fruiting in the next season (Off year). So, the aim of this study is improving Balady mandarin fruit quality as well as accelerating fruit harvesting during the On year via foliar nourishments with potassium citrate (KC) or nitrate (KN) at 0.5% incorporated with either methionine (M) at 0.2% or sulphur (S) at 0.3%, twice two months before harvest (at flower bud induction time). The results indicated that, during On year, all treatments accelerate harvesting date, improve fruit weight, yield, fruit quality with a highly significant effect for KC + M treatment compared to the control. Moreover, this treatment increased fruit yield by 20.72% and 33.74%, for the first and the second On years, respectively. The most promising effect for KC + M is decreasing gibberellins levels during December (flower bud induction) in On year by 7& 19.4% and during January (before flowering) in Off year by 19.4% and 17.44%. Moreover, it increased both salicylic acid and auxin in the following Off year (before flowering) by 17.44%, 42.9 and 40%, respectively. This findings led to increase fruit number by 272.64% and 267.94%, and fruit yield by 251.3% and 289.65% for the following two off-year as well as decreasing AB by 61.7% and 61.67%. This study highlights the efficiency role of KC as a key for improving fruit quality during On year where heavy fruit load, as well as M application for overcoming AB as anti-gibberellins agent via accelerating harvesting in On year and enhances flowering in the following Off year via hormonal control.

Growing roots

2025-06-19

Susanne Berliner | Routledge eBooks

Study of Spongy Tissue Incidence in Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) Varieties in Parbhani District of Maharashtra, India

2025-06-19

Balaji K. Dudhate , D.P. Gadgile | International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering Management & Applied Science

Abstract: Several mango varieties, including local ones, were collected from the different vendors in the Parbhani fruit market and studied to measure the incidence of spongy tissue disorder. Incidence was … Abstract: Several mango varieties, including local ones, were collected from the different vendors in the Parbhani fruit market and studied to measure the incidence of spongy tissue disorder. Incidence was measured using a disease incidence formula. Among these, Alphonso, Badam, Kesar, Parbhani Hapus, and Local mango fruits showed spongy incidence. It was observed that the incidence of spongy tissue in different varieties sampled was contrasting. The highest incidence was found in Alphonso fruits, whereas the lowest was found in Kesar fruits.

Effects of ZnO-NPs Treatments on Fruit Characteristics of Capsicum

2025-06-19

Gitika Bhardwaj , Anjali Chauhan | International Journal of Plant & Soil Science

To evaluate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) treatments: applied via seed treatment and foliar spray; on post-harvest quality attributes of capsicum fruits, including texture score, specific gravity, maximum … To evaluate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) treatments: applied via seed treatment and foliar spray; on post-harvest quality attributes of capsicum fruits, including texture score, specific gravity, maximum penetration and shearing force, cuticle thickness, moisture content, shelf life, and capsaicin content. A two-year pot experiment using a completely randomized design with seven treatments (control, three seed treatment concentrations, and three foliar spray concentrations of ZnO-NPs) and three replications; was conducted in net-house conditions at Department of Soil Science and Water Management, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India. Capsicum seeds were soaked (T2, T4, T6) in ZnO-NPs suspensions (50, 100, 150 mg/L) for 24 hours before sowing (seed treatment); and sprayed (T3, T5, T7) with corresponding suspensions 15 days post-transplanting (foliar). T1 was taken as control (without application of ZnO-NPs). After harvest, uniform fruits were assessed for various fruit characteristics. The results revealed an increment in texture score (8.08), specific gravity (0.84), penetration force (11.98 N), shearing force (80.70 N), cuticle thickness (38.9 µm), moisture content (93.7%), shelf life (6.9 days), and capsaicin (0.21%) content, under treatment comprising seed treatment of capsicum with 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs. With increased concentrations or foliar application, most attributes decreased; however, at 150 mg/L foliar spray, performance frequently returned to control levels. A low-dose ZnO-NP seed treatment (50-100 mg/L) significantly improved the pungency, post-harvest quality, and mechanical integrity of capsicum fruits. Based on the results, which highlight the significance of dosage and application technique, capsicum fruit quality can be considerably improved by targeted early-stage root uptake of ZnO-NPs.

A Review on Physiological and Molecular Basis of Alternate Bearing in Perennial Fruit Crops

2025-06-19

M Vignesh , J Dharani , M Gowsalya +7 more | Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

Regular flowering is the key event that determines the reproductive success and production of perennial fruit crops. Different elements, including environment, germplasm, rootstocks, and the cultural practises, might have an … Regular flowering is the key event that determines the reproductive success and production of perennial fruit crops. Different elements, including environment, germplasm, rootstocks, and the cultural practises, might have an impact on successful bearing. In perennial fruit crops, the phenomena of erratic bearing is more prevalent. Therefore, it is crucial to control the flowering phenology in order to assure regular yield of high-quality fruits. The goal of the current review is to understand the physiological and molecular aspects of regular and alternate bearing along with the impact of different factors on perennial fruit crops.

The Appropriate Reduction of Nitrogen Fertilization Enhances Soil Quality without Compromising Fruit Yield and Quality in a Bayberry Orchard

2025-06-18

Yichao Chen , Lu Xiang , Fei Li +4 more | Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

Traditional uses and pharmacological properties of rutin

2025-06-18

U.K. Tripathi , Anjna Rani , Rupa Mazumder +1 more | Allelopathy Journal

Assessing Nutrient Losses and Recycling in Sweet Cherry Orchards: A Yield-Based Approach

2025-06-18

Ilias Karampatzakis , Fotis Bilias , Chrysanthi Polychroniadou +6 more | Agriculture

Mineral nutrition management in sweet cherry orchards remains a critical challenge due to the lack of site-specific fertilization guidelines, particularly in Greece, a significant cherry-producing country. This study aimed to … Mineral nutrition management in sweet cherry orchards remains a critical challenge due to the lack of site-specific fertilization guidelines, particularly in Greece, a significant cherry-producing country. This study aimed to develop a predictive framework for total nutrient losses in sweet cherry orchards by proposing simplified estimations using fresh fruit yield as the sole input variable. Field experiments were conducted in two orchards with distinct rootstocks (MxM 14 and CAB-6P), analyzing soil properties, leaf nutrient status, and uptake patterns on different plant components. Results indicated that despite differences in soil texture and pH, nutrient availability was generally sufficient, with only Fe and Zn marginally below optimal levels in leaf tissue. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed distinct nutrient distribution patterns, with N evenly distributed across fruits, peduncles, and prunings, while K was concentrated in fruits and peduncles, and Ca and Mg predominantly in fallen leaves. Notably, K was redistributed from leaves to fruits under high yields, evidenced by negative correlations between leaf biomass and K uptake. Strong relationships (r2 > 0.8) were found between fresh fruit yield and uptake of N, P, K, Mg, B, and Cu, enabling reliable predictions of total nutrient losses. Estimated annual nutrient removals were 85.6 kg ha−1 N, 8.94 kg ha−1 P, 42.7 kg ha−1 K, and 12.0 kg ha−1 Mg, with significant fractions retained in prunings and fallen leaves (e.g., 51.8 kg ha−1 N, 6.2 kg ha−1 P). The developed yield-based models provide a practical tool for optimizing fertilization strategies, while our findings highlight the potential for nutrient recycling through sustainable residue management.

Temperatura basal em plantas frutíferas: definições e aplicações

2025-06-18

Rafael Anzanello | Pantanal Editora eBooks

Evaluation of the use of pullulan films with the addition of organophilic clay in the post-harvest conservation of guavas

2025-06-18

Victor Rafael Leal de Oliveira , Eliana Flávia Camporese Sérvulo , Verônica Calado | Food Chemistry

Factors Influencing the Formation, Development of Buds, and Flowering of Temperate Fruit Trees

2025-06-17

Iwona Szot , Grzegorz P. Łysiak | Agriculture

The condition for the formation of fruit on fruit plants is the presence of flower buds, flowering and proper pollination/fertilisation of flowers. Fruit trees and shrubs are perennial plants, and … The condition for the formation of fruit on fruit plants is the presence of flower buds, flowering and proper pollination/fertilisation of flowers. Fruit trees and shrubs are perennial plants, and the processes of flower bud formation and flowering are distant in time. The formation of flower buds occurs in the year preceding flowering and fruiting. The number and quality of flowers are the basic factors that determine the potential yield of fruit trees. Therefore, the review focuses on a thorough review of the latest research on the various stages in the development of trees, in which the processes that determine their flowering take place. The greatest emphasis was placed on the influence of factors that determine the yield of trees after the juvenile stage. Climate change leading to global warming will undoubtedly affect the formation of flower buds, which determine the size of crops. To avoid the unforeseen effects of abiotic factors on the availability of raw materials, such as fruits, it is good to diversify the structure of cultivated plants. Most fruit plants come from the Rosaceae family, so they have many pathogens and pests in common. To increase crop, economic, and habitat biodiversity, it is necessary to look for other, more genetically distant, sometimes even less known fruit-bearing species.

Marginal sealing and bond strength of perforated roots treated with mta, different irrigants and fiber post

2025-06-17

Ligia Regina Mota Vasconcelos , Cecília Pedroso Turssi , Neylla Teixeira Sena +1 more | DELOS Desarrollo Local Sostenible

This study evaluated the influence of root perforation repair using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) on the bond strength of glass fiber posts luted to intraradicular dentin, considering the effects of … This study evaluated the influence of root perforation repair using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) on the bond strength of glass fiber posts luted to intraradicular dentin, considering the effects of different chemical irrigants and failure modes. Eighty bovine incisor roots were divided into groups based on: (1) type of chemical irrigant (distilled water, 17% EDTA solution, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution, or 2% sodium hypochlorite solution); and (2) presence or absence of MTA-repaired root perforations. Following endodontic treatment, artificial root perforations were created in half of the specimens at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds and subsequently repaired with MTA. Root canals were prepared and irrigated with the assigned solution prior to cementation of glass fiber posts (Reforpost #3, Angelus) using self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200, 3M ESPE). Specimens were then subjected to a push-out bond strength test. No significant difference in bond strength was found between the perforated groups repaired with MTA and the unperforated groups, regardless of the irrigant used or root third (p = 0.802). The predominant failure mode was adhesive between the cement and dentin. Kruskal–Wallis and Friedman tests showed that neither the irrigant solution nor the root third significantly affected marginal sealing (p > 0.05). These results suggest that MTA repair of root perforations does not compromise post retention, irrespective of the irrigant type or location within the root.

Optimizing Butternut Squash (Cucurbita moschata) Growth and Yield: The Role of Sowing Time and Nutrients

2025-06-17

Israt Jahan Kakoli , Tahmina Mostarin , Khaleda Khatun +7 more | European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety

Butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) is an annual vine plant with large, lobed leaves, trailing branches, and monoecious yellow-orange flowers. It’s a winter squash of the Cucurbitaceae family, a hybrid developed … Butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) is an annual vine plant with large, lobed leaves, trailing branches, and monoecious yellow-orange flowers. It’s a winter squash of the Cucurbitaceae family, a hybrid developed in 1944 by crossing pumpkin and gooseneck squash. Sowing time of butternut squash critically influences crop phenology, growth, and yield by modulating environmental interactions. This study aimed to determine the optimal sowing time, evaluate the effects of nutrient management practices, and investigate their combined influence on maximizing the growth and yield of butternut squash under regional agroclimatic conditions. Optimizing sowing time and nutrient management is critical for improving butternut squash productivity, yet their synergistic effects remain understudied in subtropical climates. A two-year field experiment (November 2022–March 2023) at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh, evaluated three sowing dates (T1: 25 November; T2: 10 December; T3: 25 December) and four nutrient regimes (F0: Cowdung 20 t/ha; F1: N₅₀P₂₀K₄₀S₁₀Zn₁.₀ kg/ha; F2: N₇₅P₃₅K₆₀S₂₀Zn₂.₀ kg/ha; F3: N₉₀P₅₀K₈₀S₃₀Zn₃.₀ kg/ha) using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Early sowing (T1) significantly enhanced reproductive outcomes, yielding 14.66 female flowers/plant, 5.99 fruits/plant, and 10.33 t/ha, whereas late sowing (T3) reduced these parameters to 9.46 flowers, 3.55 fruits, and 3.78 t/ha. Among nutrient treatments, F2 maximized yield (10.00 t/ha) with 12.05 female flowers and 5.99 fruits/plant, outperforming F1 (10.16 flowers, 3.88 fruits, 5.13 t/ha). Synergistic effects were pronounced: the T1F2 combination (25 November + N₇₅P₃₅K₆₀S₂₀Zn₂.₀ kg/ha) achieved peak productivity (17.83 flowers, 7.16 fruits, 13.35 t/ha), while T3F1 (25 December + N₅₀P₂₀K₄₀S₁₀Zn₁.₀ kg/ha) resulted in minimal yield (7.17 flowers, 3.5 fruits, 2.30 t/ha). These findings demonstrate that early sowing paired with balanced NPKSZn fertilization (F2) optimizes resource allocation and yield in butternut squash, offering a scalable strategy for subtropical agroecosystems.

Flower-Twisting Words

2025-06-17

| University of Pennsylvania Press, Inc. eBooks

Development of a Predictive Model Linking Electrical Characteristics to Semi-Lethal Temperature in Potted Apple Trees with Validation on Mature Specimens

2025-06-16

Bo Sun , Szu‐Yuan Wu , Xiaojun Nie +3 more | Agronomy

In the context of increasingly frequent extreme low-temperature events, developing a rapid and non-destructive method to evaluate plant cold tolerance is of great scientific significance for accurately assessing the cold … In the context of increasingly frequent extreme low-temperature events, developing a rapid and non-destructive method to evaluate plant cold tolerance is of great scientific significance for accurately assessing the cold hardiness of fruit trees. In this study, the correlations between 23 electrophysiological features—including electrical signal and impedance parameters—and the cold tolerance indicator semi-lethal temperature (LT50) were analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the optimal electrical parameters reflecting cold resistance in apples. A multiple linear regression model was then constructed based on these parameters, and its accuracy was validated using 13-year-old field-grown apple trees. The results showed the following: (1) Six electrical parameters (r1, re, r, Min, Std, and Peak) were significantly correlated with LT50 (p < 0.05) and made major contributions to the first principal component (PC1), confirming their status as optimal indicators of cold tolerance. (2) A regression model for predicting LT50 was established using these parameters, achieving a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9187, indicating excellent model fit. (3) Model validation yielded R2 values of 0.9323 and 0.9999, MAE values of 1.243 and 0.900, MAPE values of 6.64% and 4.02%, and RMSE values of 1.29 and 1.12, respectively. The predicted LT50 values closely matched measured values in an overall trend, confirming the high accuracy of the model. These findings demonstrate that electrophysiological parameters can effectively reflect the dynamic changes in cold tolerance of apple trees during overwintering and provide a theoretical and methodological foundation for rapid and convenient cold hardiness assessment in other deciduous fruit species.

Evolution and trends in the research on the production of organic avocados: a bibliometric assessment (1990-2023

2025-06-16

Priscila Ortega Gómez , Andrea Solórzano-Díaz , Zoe T. Infante Jiménez | Agro Productividad

Objective: Analyze the scientific research on organic avocados globally between 1990 and 2023. Design/methodology/approach: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Scopus database to assess the number of studies, citations, … Objective: Analyze the scientific research on organic avocados globally between 1990 and 2023. Design/methodology/approach: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Scopus database to assess the number of studies, citations, publication type, language, studies by country, affiliations, authors, research areas, and keywords. Results: 294 documents were found, of which 83% were scientific articles published in 153 journals, 95% were written in English, and 162 researchers affiliated with 154 institutions from 64 countries. The documents covered 24 research fields and were grouped into three keywords: laboratory, growth, and orchard. Limitations on study/implications: Only Scopus was used as a data source, which could have limited the number of gathered studies. Findings/conclusions: Research on organic avocados has grown steadily globally during the evaluated period. Mexican researchers and institutions have led the production of documents in a wide variety of research fields, which shows the potential to conduct further interdisciplinary research on organic avocados.

OfWRKY33 binds to the promoter of key linalool synthase gene OfTPS7 to stimulte linalool synthesis in Osmanthus fragrans flowers

2025-06-16

Wan Xi , Mingjie Jiang , Linlin Zhu +6 more | Horticulture Research

Abstract Volatile aroma compounds make significant contributions to human perception of flowers. Osmanthus fragrans is a famous aroma plant and linalool is proved to be the dominant aroma active compound. … Abstract Volatile aroma compounds make significant contributions to human perception of flowers. Osmanthus fragrans is a famous aroma plant and linalool is proved to be the dominant aroma active compound. Although some terpene synthases (TPSs) have been characterized, a comprehensive study of the hub metabolic gene and its transcriptional regulation remain to be revealed. Here, we selected a specific cultivar Boyeyingui (BBYG) with the highest content of linalool among 20 wide-cultivated cultivars for genome and transcriptome sequencings. Among the 25 new putative OfTPSs, only OfTPS6, OfTPS7 could exclusively produce linalool in planta. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that OfTPS6, OfTPS7 were able to catalyze geranyl diphosphate (GPP) into linalool and a small proportion of other monoterpenes in vitro. Spatial and temporal correlation analysis further confirmed the expression level of OfTPS7 was strongly correlated with linalool content in a panel of 20 cultivars, suggesting OfTPS7 was the essential linalool synthase gene. Combined with yeast one-hybrid screen and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), a nucleus-localized transcriptional factor OfWRKY33 was identified as a prospective modulator. Y1H, LUC and EMSA demonstrated that OfWRKY33 directly bound to the W-box of OfTPS7 promoter to stimulate its transcription. OfWRKY33 could coordinately induce the expressions of OfTPS7 and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 1 (OfDXS1), thereby promoting the linalool formation. The results first identified the key linalool synthase gene OfTPS7 and a novel transcription factor playing a role in the complex regulatory network of linalool biosynthesis in O. fragrans flowers.

Germplasm characterization of Indian avocados based on morphological and biochemical traits

2025-06-16

B.M. Muralidhara , T. Sakthivel , G. Karunakaran +7 more | Plant Genetic Resources

Abstract Avocado is a delicious fruit crop having great economic importance. Understanding the extent of variability present in the existing germplasm is important to identify genotypes with specific traits and … Abstract Avocado is a delicious fruit crop having great economic importance. Understanding the extent of variability present in the existing germplasm is important to identify genotypes with specific traits and their utilization in crop improvement. The information on genetic variability with respect to morphological and biochemical traits in Indian avocados is limited and as it has hindered genetic improvement of the crop. In the current study, 83 avocado accessions from different regions of India were assessed for important 17 morphological and 8 biochemical traits. The results showed the existence of wide variability for traits such as fruit weight (75.88–934.12 g), pulp weight (48.08–736.19 g), seed weight (6.37–32.62 g), FRAP activity (27.65–119.81 mg AEAC/100 g), total carotenoids (0.96–7.17 mg/100 g), oil content (4.91–25.49%) and crude fibre (6.85–20.75%) in the studied accessions. The first three components of principal component analysis explained 54.79 per cent of total variance. Traits such as fruit weight, pulp weight, seed weight, moisture and oil content contributed more significantly towards total variance compared to other traits. The dendrogram constructed based on Euclidean distance wards minimum variance method divided 83 accessions into two major groups and nine sub clusters suggesting wide variability in the accessions with respect to studied traits. In this study, superior accessions for important traits such as fruit size (PA-102, PA-012), high pulp recovery (PA-036, PA-082,), thick peel (PA-084, PA-043, PA-011, PA-008), high carotenoids (PA-026, PA-096) and high oil content (PA-044, PA-043, PA-046, PA-045) were identified which have potential utility in further crop improvement programmes.

Mitigating Cold Stress in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Through Foliar Nutrient Applications

2025-06-15

| Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences

Benefits of Nutritionally Dense Super Food Chia Seeds

2025-06-14

Kiran Kiran | International Journal of Education Modern Management Applied Science & Social Science

The desert plant Salvia Hispanica, a member of the mint family, produces the delicious seed known as chia. The omega-3 fatty acids found in chia seeds are abundant. Because of … The desert plant Salvia Hispanica, a member of the mint family, produces the delicious seed known as chia. The omega-3 fatty acids found in chia seeds are abundant. Because of its high antioxidant content, the seeds don't quickly decay and may be kept for extended periods of time without being rancid. In addition to calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, molybdenum, niacin, and zinc, it offers a lot of fibre. Chia's nutritional composition is what gives it its health advantages. By slowing digestion and lowering LDL cholesterol, its fibre may help avoid sharp spikes in blood sugar levels. The seeds' omega-3 fatty acids can improve cardiovascular health by lowering cholesterol and controlling blood pressure. The particular omega-3 found in chia, like other plant sources, is ALA (alpha-linolenic acid), which has been linked in many studies to a decreased risk of sudden cardiac death. Whole grains, cooking oils, lentils, and soy were the ALA sources in the pertinent studies. The desire for night time snacking is reduced by 50% and obsessive thoughts about food are reduced by 60% when a high protein diet is consumed. For those who consume little to no animal products, chia seeds are a great source of protein. Its soluble fibre expands in our stomachs after absorbing a lot of water, which should make us feel fuller and slow down the absorption of food. The high protein and fibre content of chia seeds has been linked to weight reduction. Nevertheless, research on chia seeds has shown contradictory findings. The omega-3 fatty acid ALA is abundant in chia seeds. The most crucial omega-3 fatty acid, DHA, is difficult for humans to convert from this. Chia seeds are rich in a number of minerals that are critical to healthy bones. This comprises protein, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Chia seeds are generally beneficial to health. According to animal research, they may enhance insulin sensitivity and blood sugar regulation, stabilising blood sugar levels after meals.

Efficacy of IBA on the performance of hardwood and softwood cuttings of Malay apple

2025-06-13

Nilesh Bhowmick , K. N. Singh , Arunava Ghosh +4 more | Plant Science Today

The Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. L.M. Perry), a minor fruit crop in the Myrtaceae family, is gaining popularity due to its attractive colour, shape, appearance, thirst-quenching appeal and … The Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. L.M. Perry), a minor fruit crop in the Myrtaceae family, is gaining popularity due to its attractive colour, shape, appearance, thirst-quenching appeal and nutritional value. However, large-scale cultivation is constrained by the scarcity of quality planting materials, as the species predominantly relies on seed propagation. This study aimed to identify the optimal Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) concentration for the vegetative propagation of Malay apple using hardwood and softwood cuttings. The experiment was conducted at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments: T1 (control), T2 (IBA 1000 ppm), T3 (IBA 2000 ppm), T4 (IBA 3000 ppm), T5 (IBA 4000 ppm) and T6 (IBA 5000 ppm). Each treatment included 60 cuttings (30 hardwood and 30 softwood) collected from 8-year-old trees. Cuttings (15 cm long with 3-4 nodes) were treated with the respective IBA concentration and planted in poly bags containing a 1:1:1 mixture of farmyard manure, soil and sand. The cuttings were maintained under polyhouse conditions for 120 days. Recorded parameters included sprouting percentage, days to sprouting, sprout length, number of roots, days to rooting, leaf number, root length and biomass. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and the LSD test in SAS (Version 9.3), with normality assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results demonstrated that IBA at 3000 ppm (T4) significantly enhanced all growth parameters, increasing rooting percentage by 127 - 130 % and survival rates by 104 - 164 % compared to the control. These findings establish 3000 ppm IBA as the optimal concentration for the successful propagation of Malay apple.

Microsatellite Genotyping and Genetic Diversity of a Greek Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Germplasm Collection

2025-06-13

Eleftheria Deligiannidou , Anastasia Boutsika , Ioannis Plesias +6 more | Plants

Pear (Pyrus communis L.) is a widely cultivated fruit tree species, valued for its significant economic impact and cultural relevance. The rise in commercial cultivars, characterized by genetic uniformity and … Pear (Pyrus communis L.) is a widely cultivated fruit tree species, valued for its significant economic impact and cultural relevance. The rise in commercial cultivars, characterized by genetic uniformity and high yield, is increasingly displacing traditional landraces. However, traditional varieties are highly adapted to local environmental conditions, having resulted from centuries of selection. In this study, 51 pear (Pyrus communis L.) accessions conserved in the Greek national germplasm collection were genotyped using eight SSR markers recommended by the European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR). A total of 44 alleles were detected, including several private alleles, indicative of localized adaptation or potential genetic isolation. Analyses of population structure and genetic diversity, using Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), UPGMA clustering, and Bayesian inference via STRUCTURE, uncovered distinct genetic groupings within the collection. The results revealed moderate genetic variability among the 51 accessions and identified some accessions with significant genetic divergence. These findings underscore the importance of conserving Greek pear germplasm, as it represents an ideal source of desirable traits, such as stress tolerance and fruit quality, which can be utilized in breeding programs.

Diversity of Pummelos (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) and Grapefruits (Citrus x aurantium var. paradisi) Inferred by Genetic Markers, Essential Oils Composition, and Phenotypical Fruit Traits

2025-06-13

François Luro , Elodie Marchi , Gilles Costantino +2 more | Plants

Pummelo (Citrus maxima) is an ancestral species that has given rise to several major citrus varieties, such as sweet orange (C. x aurantium var. sinensis) and grapefruit (C. x aurantium … Pummelo (Citrus maxima) is an ancestral species that has given rise to several major citrus varieties, such as sweet orange (C. x aurantium var. sinensis) and grapefruit (C. x aurantium var. paradisi). This species is also cultivated and its fruit consumed, particularly in Asia. Over the course of evolution, the allogamous reproduction of pummelos and the absence of asexual multiplication have contributed to its diversification. To assess its phenotypic diversity and the chemical composition of leaf and peel essential oils, genetic analysis using DNA markers is an essential prerequisite to ensure the identity and if varieties belong to this species. Fifty-eight accessions classified as grapefruits or pummelos were analyzed using 42 SSRs, 4 Indels, and 36 SNP markers. Based on the allelic composition of these markers, 20 cultivars were detected belonging to pummelos, 18 cultivars to grapefruits, and 11 were interspecific hybrids. The grapefruit inter-cultivar SSR diversity is null. The genetic origin of five interspecific hybrids is elucidated. The level of phenotypic diversity and of essential oil composition corroborate the modes of diversification, with high levels for those resulting from crosses and very low levels for the group of grapefruit mutants. Only the characteristics of breeding selection (pulp color, acidity and aspermia) are variable in grapefruits. In the composition of leaf essential oils (LEOs), nine profiles were detected in grapefruits based on variations in six compounds (neral, geranial, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, (E)-β-ocimene, and β-pinene). The seven interspecific hybrids involving pummelo as one parent show particular LEO profiles but without specific compounds, with the exception of p-cymenene which is present only in Wheeny. The diversity of peel essential oils in pummelos is lower, but variations in γ-terpinene, β-pinene, limonene, and myrcene make it possible to define seven profiles. With genetic verification the chemical and phenotypic diversity of the two species, pummelo and grapefruit, revealed in this study can be used as a reference for behavior in a specific environment.

IMPACT OF HUANGLONGBING ON THE MEXICAN LIME [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle] PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY AND POSTHARVEST LIFE

2025-06-13

Aideé Hernández-Rivera , M. A. Gutiérrez-Espinosa , Rigoberto González-Mancillas +2 more | Agrociencia

Huanglongbing (HLB), the most devastating citrus disease, severely impacts the physicochemical quality and postharvest life of Mexican lime fruit [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle]. It increases susceptibility to cold-induced damage, accelerates … Huanglongbing (HLB), the most devastating citrus disease, severely impacts the physicochemical quality and postharvest life of Mexican lime fruit [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle]. It increases susceptibility to cold-induced damage, accelerates weight loss and senescence, and reduces the content of key components, such as ascorbic acid, ultimately limiting storage time. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical quality and postharvest life of Mexican lime fruits, obtained from HLB asymptomatic and symptomatic trees, under ambient and refrigerated storage conditions. Lime fruits were harvested and classified based on the disease status of the source trees (symptomatic and asymptomatic). Two storage conditions were evaluated: room temperature (22 ± 2 °C) for 0, 4, and 8 d and refrigeration (9 ± 1 °C) for two weeks. During the storage period, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, weight loss, total soluble solids, and color index were analyzed. Results showed rapid weight loss in the fruits with HLB symptoms, suggesting sensitivity to cold-induced damage. Titratable acidity increased by 40 % in the fruits obtained from symptomatic trees. The color index was also affected in fruits from symptomatic trees after 4 and 8 d of storage at room and refrigeration temperatures, showing signs of senescence compared to asymptomatic fruits. A decrease in ascorbic acid content was also observed, affecting the fruit’s nutritional quality and limiting its storage time. In conclusion, HLB significantly affects various quality parameters of the Mexican lime fruit, which increases its susceptibility to cold-induced damage and, consequently, limits its shelf life during storage.

Characterization of Heat Tolerance in Two Apple Rootstocks Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Screening Method

2025-06-13

Ines Mihaljević , Marija Viljevac Vuletić , Vesna Tomaš +2 more | Agronomy

High temperature has an adverse effect on apple production worldwide. Photosynthesis is a process especially vulnerable to heat stress, which can reduce photosynthetic efficiency, plant growth, development, and ultimately yield. … High temperature has an adverse effect on apple production worldwide. Photosynthesis is a process especially vulnerable to heat stress, which can reduce photosynthetic efficiency, plant growth, development, and ultimately yield. Although the effects of heat stress on apples have been partially examined, the photochemical reactions and heat tolerance of specific rootstocks have still not been sufficiently investigated. Identification of rootstocks with better photosynthetic performance and adaptation to heat stress enables the selection of rootstocks, which could contribute to stable yields and good fruit quality even at elevated temperatures. In this study, chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) induction kinetics was used to investigate the heat tolerance between two apple rootstocks (M.9 and G.210). In addition, we employed lipid peroxidation measurements, hydrogen peroxide quantification, proline content, and total phenolic and flavonoid assessments. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and OJIP curves (different steps of the polyphasic fluorescence transient; O–J–I–P phases) revealed significant differences in their responses, with higher values of the PIABS parameter indicating better PS II stability and overall photosynthetic efficiency in M.9 rootstock. The higher contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, and significant increase in the accumulation of phenolics, and flavonoids in this rootstock also contributed to its better adaptation to heat stress. Oxidative stress was more pronounced in G.210 through higher H2O2 and MDA levels, which could point to its lower capacity to adjust to heat stress conditions. This research can provide a scientific basis for further breeding programs and growing plans due to climate change and the occurrence of extremely high temperatures.

Sources of variance in the volatile contribution of juniper to gin

2025-06-12

Matthew Pauley , Annie E. Hill | Journal of the Institute of Brewing

Why was the work done: Juniper berries and other plant botanicals are used in the production of beverages and contribute signature flavour and aroma. Inconsistent or inferior quality of botanicals … Why was the work done: Juniper berries and other plant botanicals are used in the production of beverages and contribute signature flavour and aroma. Inconsistent or inferior quality of botanicals is a concern and result in consumer dissatisfaction, and reduced sales. How was the work done: The impact on gin quality of the source and harvest year of juniper berries was investigated by analysis of distillates using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy with Solid Phase Micro Extraction (GCMS-SPME). What are the main findings: Regional variation and drying regimes were found to impact on the concentration of volatiles and their profile. The least soluble compounds were most affected by post-harvest drying and increased in abundance whereas the more soluble compounds decreased in abundance. Why is the work important: This work will be of interest to distillers, suppliers of botanicals and juniper farmers, and will inform drying regimes consequent on climate change.

Water Relations Are Fundamental to Sustaining Plant Life

2025-06-12

James R. Ehleringer , Russell K. Monson | CRC Press eBooks