Engineering › Aerospace Engineering

Air Traffic Management and Optimization

Works Count: 46219

Wikipedia

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on various aspects of air traffic management, including conflict detection and resolution, aircraft scheduling, collision avoidance, delay prediction, and the integration of unmanned aircraft systems. It also addresses topics such as urban air mobility, traffic flow management, airport operations, and risk assessment in civil aviation.

Keywords

Air Traffic Management; Conflict Resolution; Aircraft Scheduling; Collision Avoidance; Urban Air Mobility; Delay Prediction; Unmanned Aircraft Systems; Traffic Flow Management; Airport Operations; Risk Assessment

The Flow Management Problem in Air Traffic Control

1987-01-01

Amedeo R. Odoni

Avionics Navigation Systems

1997-04-18

Myron Kayton , Walter R. Fried

The Navigation Equations (M. Kayton). Multisensor Navigation Systems (J. Huddle & R. Brown). Terrestrial Radio-Navigation Systems (B. Uttam, et al.). Satellite Radio Navigation (A. Van Dierendonck). Terrestrial Integrated Radio Communication-Navigation … The Navigation Equations (M. Kayton). Multisensor Navigation Systems (J. Huddle & R. Brown). Terrestrial Radio-Navigation Systems (B. Uttam, et al.). Satellite Radio Navigation (A. Van Dierendonck). Terrestrial Integrated Radio Communication-Navigation Systems (W. Fried, et al.). Inertial Navigation (D. Tazartes, et al.). Air-Data Systems (S. Osder). Attitude and Heading References (M. Kayton & W. Wing). Doppler and Altimeter Radars (W. Fried, et al.). Mapping and Multimode Radars (J. Pearson, et al.). Celestial Navigation (E. Knobbe & G. Haas). Landing Systems (D. Vickers, et al.). Air Traffic Management (C. Miller & J. Scardina). Avionics Interfaces (C. Spitzer). References. Index.

Situation Awareness Analysis and Measurement

2000-07-01

Mica R. Endsley , Daniel J. Garland

Contents: Preface. Part I: Introduction and Overview. M.R. Endsley, Theoretical Underpinnings of Situation Awareness: A Critical Review. R.W. Pew, The State of Situation Awareness Measurement. Part II: Measurement Approaches. G. … Contents: Preface. Part I: Introduction and Overview. M.R. Endsley, Theoretical Underpinnings of Situation Awareness: A Critical Review. R.W. Pew, The State of Situation Awareness Measurement. Part II: Measurement Approaches. G. Klein, Analysis of Situation Awareness From Critical Incident Reports. M.D. Rodgers, R.H. Mogford, B. Strauch, Post Hoc Assessment of Situation Awareness in Air Traffic Control Incidents and Major Aircraft Accidents. D.G. Jones, Subjective Measures of Situation Awareness. H.H. Bell, D.R. Lyon, Using Observer Ratings to Assess Situation Awareness. M.R. Endsley, Direct Measurement of Situation Awareness: Validity and Use of SAGAT. G.F. Wilson, Strategies for Psychophysiological Assessment of Situation Awareness. A.R. Pritchett, R.J. Hansman, Use of Testable Responses for Performance-Based Measurement of Situation Awareness. C.D. Wickens, The Trade-Off of Design for Routine and Unexpected Performance: Implications of Situation Awareness. M.A. Vidulich, Testing the Sensitivity of Situation Awareness Metrics in Interface Evaluations. Part III: Special Topics in Situation Awareness. L.J. Gugerty, W.C. Tirre, Individual Differences in Situation Awareness. C.A. Bolstad, T.M. Hess, Situation Awareness and Aging. W. Shebilske, B.P. Goettl, D.J. Garland, Situation Awareness, Automaticity, and Training. C. Prince, E. Salas, Team Situation Awareness, Errors, and Crew Resource Management: Research Integration for Training Guidance. M.R. Endsley, M.M. Robertson, Training for Situation Awareness in Individuals and Teams.

Factors Affecting the Cost of Airplanes

1936-02-01

T. P. Wright

Automation and Human Performance

2018-01-29

Raja Parasuraman , Mustapha Mouloua

Contents: B.H. Kantowitz, Series Foreword. Foreword. Preface. Part I:Theories and Major Concepts. D.D. Woods, Decomposing Automation: Apparent Simplicity, Real Complexity. V. Riley, Operator Reliance on Automation: Theory and Data. M.W. … Contents: B.H. Kantowitz, Series Foreword. Foreword. Preface. Part I:Theories and Major Concepts. D.D. Woods, Decomposing Automation: Apparent Simplicity, Real Complexity. V. Riley, Operator Reliance on Automation: Theory and Data. M.W. Scerbo, Theoretical Perspectives on Adaptive Automation. J.M. Flach, K.B. Bennett, A Theoretical Framework for Representational Design. Part II:Assessment of Human Performance in Automated Systems. R. Parasuraman, M. Mouloua, R. Molloy, B. Hilburn, Monitoring of Automated Systems. B.H. Kantowitz, J.L. Campbell, Pilot Workload and Flightdeck Automation. A.F. Kramer, L.J. Trejo, D.G. Humphrey, Psychophysiological Measures of Workload: Potential Applications to Adaptively Automated Systems. M.R. Endsley, Automation and Situation Awareness. J.S. Warm, W.N. Dember, P.A. Hancock, Vigilance and Workload in Automated Systems. K.L. Mosier, L.J. Skitka, Human Decision Makers and Automated Decision Aids: Made for Each Other? B.G. Coury, R.D. Semmel, Supervisory Control and the Design of Intelligent User Interfaces. C.A. Bowers, R.L. Oser, E. Salas, J.A. Cannon-Bowers, Team Performance in Automated Systems. Part III:Applications. N.B. Sarter, Cockpit Automation: From Quantity and Quality, From Individual Pilot to Multiple Agents. W.H. Rogers, P.C. Schutte, K.A. Latorella, Fault Management in Aviation Systems. V.D. Hopkin, J.A. Wise, Human Factors in Air Traffic System Automation. P.A. Hancock, R. Parasuraman, E.A. Byrne, Driver-Centered Issues in Advanced Automation for Motor Vehicles. J.D. Lee, T.F. Sanquist, Maritime Automation. S. Guerlain, P.J. Smith, J.W. Smith, S. Rudmann, J. Heintz Obradovich, P. Strohm, Decision Support in Medical Systems. C.G. Drury, Automation in Quality Control and Maintenance. N. Meshkati, Organizational and Safety Factors in Automated Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems. Part IV:Future Trends. T.B. Sheridan, Speculations on Future Relations Between Humans and Automation. P.A. Hancock, Teleology for Technology.

An Integer Optimization Approach to Large-Scale Air Traffic Flow Management

2011-02-01

Dimitris Bertsimas , Guglielmo Lulli , Amedeo R. Odoni

This paper presents a new integer programming (IP) model for large-scale instances of the air traffic flow management (ATFM) problem. The model covers all the phases of each flight—i.e., takeoff, … This paper presents a new integer programming (IP) model for large-scale instances of the air traffic flow management (ATFM) problem. The model covers all the phases of each flight—i.e., takeoff, en route cruising, and landing—and solves for an optimal combination of flow management actions, including ground-holding, rerouting, speed control, and airborne holding on a flight-by-flight basis. A distinguishing feature of the model is that it allows for rerouting decisions. This is achieved through the imposition of sets of “local” conditions that make it possible to represent rerouting options in a compact way by only introducing some new constraints. Moreover, three classes of valid inequalities are incorporated into the model to strengthen the polyhedral structure of the underlying relaxation. Computational times are short and reasonable for practical application on problem instances of size comparable to that of the entire U.S. air traffic management system. Thus, the proposed model has the potential of serving as the main engine for the preliminary identification, on a daily basis, of promising air traffic flow management interventions on a national scale in the United States or on a continental scale in Europe.

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Disruption management in the airline industry—Concepts, models and methods

2009-04-08

Jens Clausen , Allan Larsen , Jesper Larsen +1 more

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Flight operations recovery: New approaches considering passenger recovery

2006-05-07

Stephane Bratu , Cynthia Barnhart

Sense and avoid technologies with applications to unmanned aircraft systems: Review and prospects

2015-01-31

Xiang Yu , Youmin Zhang

Resolution of Conflicts Involving Many Aircraft via Semidefinite Programming

2001-01-01

Emilio Frazzoli , Zhi-Hong Mao , Jae-Hyuk Oh +1 more

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Modelling delay propagation within an airport network

2011-07-23

Nikolas Pyrgiotis , Kerry Malone , Amedeo R. Odoni

Continuous Descent Approach: Design and Flight Test for Louisville International Airport

2004-09-01

John-Paul B. Clarke , Nhut Ho , Liling Ren +4 more

A design methodology based on the principles of system analysis was used to design a noise abatement approach procedure for Louisville International Airport. In a flight demonstration test, the procedure … A design methodology based on the principles of system analysis was used to design a noise abatement approach procedure for Louisville International Airport. In a flight demonstration test, the procedure was shown to reduce the A-weighted peak noise level at seven locations along the flight path by 3.9 to 6.5 dBA, and to reduce the fuel consumed during approach by 400 to 500 lb (181 to 227 kg). The noise reduction is significant given that a 3-dB difference represents a 50% reduction in acoustic energy and is noticeable to the human ear, and the 7% reduction in the size of the 50 day night average noise level (DNL) contour that would result if all aircraft were to perform the procedure. The fuel saving is also significant, given the financial benefit to airlines and the accompanying reduction in gaseous and particulate emissions. Although the analysis of aircraft performance data showed how pilot delay, in combination with auto-throttle and flight management system logic, can result in deviations from the desired trajectory, the results confirm that near-term implementation of this advanced noise abatement procedure is possible. The results also provide ample motivation for proposed pilot cueing solutions and low-noise guidance features in flight management systems.

Applications of Operations Research in the Air Transport Industry

2003-11-01

Cynthia Barnhart , Peter Belobaba , Amedeo R. Odoni

This paper presents an overview of several important areas of operations research applications in the air transport industry. Specific areas covered are: the various stages of aircraft and crew schedule … This paper presents an overview of several important areas of operations research applications in the air transport industry. Specific areas covered are: the various stages of aircraft and crew schedule planning; revenue management, including overbooking and leg-based and network-based seat inventory management; and the planning and operations of aviation infrastructure (airports and air traffic management). For each of these areas, the paper provides a historical perspective on OR contributions, as well as a brief summary of the state of the art. It also identifies some of the main challenges for future research.

Optimal Strategies for Free-Flight Air Traffic Conflict Resolution

1999-03-01

P. K. Menon , Gregory Sweriduk , Banavar Sridhar

Recent advances in navigation and data communication technologies make it feasible for individual aircraft to plan and fly their trajectories in the presence of other aircraft in the airspace. This … Recent advances in navigation and data communication technologies make it feasible for individual aircraft to plan and fly their trajectories in the presence of other aircraft in the airspace. This way, individual aircraft can take advantage of the atmospheric and traffic conditions to optimally plan their paths. This capability is termed as the free flight concept. While the free flight concept provides new degrees of freedom to the aircraft operators, it also brings-in complexities not present in the current air traffic control system. In the free flight concept, each aircraft has the responsibility for navigating around other aircraft in the airspace. While this is not a difficult task under low speed, low traffic density conditions, the complexities of dealing with potential conflict with multiple aircraft can significantly increase the pilot’s work load. This paper presents the development of a conflict resolution algorithm based on the quasilinearization method to enable the practical implementation of the free flight concept. The algorithm development uses nonlinear point-mass aircraft models, and incorporates realistic operational constraints on individual aircraft. The analytical framework can also incorporate information about ambient atmospheric conditions. Realistic conflict resolution scenarios are illustrated. Due to their speed of execution, these conflict resolution algorithms are suitable for implementation on-board aircraft.

Security analysis of the ADS-B implementation in the next generation air transportation system

2011-07-08

Donald L. McCallie , Jonathan Butts , Robert E. Mills

Characterization and prediction of air traffic delays

2014-05-13

Juan Rebollo , Hamsa Balakrishnan

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The 1989–1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: impacts on aircraft operations

1994-08-01

Thomas J. Casadevall

The Traffic Flow Management Rerouting Problem in Air Traffic Control: A Dynamic Network Flow Approach

2000-08-01

Dimitris Bertsimas , Sarah Stock Patterson

We address the problem of determining how to reroute aircraft in the air traffic control system when faced with dynamically changing weather conditions. The overall objective of this problem is … We address the problem of determining how to reroute aircraft in the air traffic control system when faced with dynamically changing weather conditions. The overall objective of this problem is the minimization of delay costs. This problem is of primary concern in the European air traffic control system and in particular regions within the US air traffic control system. We present an integrated mathematical programming approach that consists of several methodologies. To address the high dimensionality, we begin by presenting an aggregate model, in which the problem is formulated as a dynamic, multicommodity, integer network flow problem with certain side constraints. Using Lagrangian relaxation, we generate aggregate flows. We decompose the aggregate flows into a collection of flight paths for individual aircraft using a randomized rounding heuristic. This collection of paths is then used in a packing integer programming formulation, the solution of which generates feasible and near-optimal routes for individual flights. The overall Lagrangian Generation Algorithm is used to solve real problems in the southwestern portion of United States. In computational experiments, the solutions returned by our algorithm are within 1% of the corresponding lower bounds.

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The Air Traffic Flow Management Problem with Enroute Capacities

1998-06-01

Dimitris Bertsimas , Sarah Stock Patterson

Throughout the United States and Europe, demand for airport use has been increasing rapidly, while airport capacity has been stagnating. Over the last ten years the number of passengers has … Throughout the United States and Europe, demand for airport use has been increasing rapidly, while airport capacity has been stagnating. Over the last ten years the number of passengers has increased by more than 50 percent and is expected to continue increasing at this rate. Acute congestion in many major airports has been the unfortunate result. For U.S. airlines, the expected yearly cost of the resulting delays is currently estimated at $3 billion. In order to put this number in perspective, the total reported losses of all U.S. airlines amounted to approximately $2 billion in 1991 and $2.5 billion in 1990. Furthermore, every day 700 to 1100 flights are delayed by 15 minutes or more. European airlines are in a similar plight. Optimally controlling the flow of aircraft either by adjusting their release times into the network (ground-holding) or their speed once they are airborne is a cost effective method to reduce the impact of congestion on the air traffic system. This paper makes the following contributions: (a) we build a model that takes into account the capacities of the National Airspace System (NAS) as well as the capacities at the airports, and we show that the resulting formulation is rather strong as some of the proposed inequalities are facet defining for the convex hull of solutions; (b) we address the complexity of the problem; (c) we extend that model to account for several variations of the basic problem, most notably, how to reroute flights and how to handle banks in the hub and spoke system; (d) we show that by relaxing some of our constraints we obtain a previously addressed problem and that the LP relaxation bound of our formulation is at least as strong when compared to all others proposed in the literature for this problem; and (e) we solve large scale, realistic size problems with several thousand flights.

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Realities and challenges of nextgen air traffic management: the case of ADS-B

2014-05-01

Martin Strohmeier , Mathias Schäfer , Vincent Lenders +1 more

Air traffic is continuously increasing worldwide, with both manned and unmanned aircraft looking to coexist in the same airspace in the future. Next generation air traffic management systems are crucial … Air traffic is continuously increasing worldwide, with both manned and unmanned aircraft looking to coexist in the same airspace in the future. Next generation air traffic management systems are crucial in successfully handling this growth and improving the safety of billions of future passengers. The Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) system is a core part of this future. Unlike traditional radar systems, this technology empowers aircraft to automatically broadcast their locations and intents, providing enhanced situational awareness. This article discusses important issues with the current state of ADS-B as it is being rolled out. We report from our OpenSky sensor network in Central Europe, which is able to capture about 30 percent of the European commercial air traffic. We analyze the 1090 MHz communication channel to understand the current state and its behavior under the increasing traffic load. Furthermore, the article considers important security challenges faced by ADS-B. Our insights are intended to help identify open research issues, furthering new interest and developments in this field.

A review of conflict detection and resolution modeling methods

2000-01-01

James K. Kuchar , Yang Lh

A number of methods have been proposed to automate air traffic conflict detection and resolution (CDR), but there has been little cohesive discussion or comparative evaluation of approaches. The paper … A number of methods have been proposed to automate air traffic conflict detection and resolution (CDR), but there has been little cohesive discussion or comparative evaluation of approaches. The paper presents a survey of 68 CDR modeling methods, several of which are currently in use or under operational evaluation. A framework that articulates the basic functions of CDR is used to categorize the models. The taxonomy includes: dimensions of state information (vertical, horizontal, or three-dimensional, 3-D); method of dynamic state propagation (nominal, worst case, or probabilistic); conflict detection threshold; conflict resolution method (prescribed, optimized, force field, or manual); maneuvering dimensions (speed change, lateral, vertical, or combined manoeuvres); and management of multiple aircraft conflicts (pairwise or global). An overview of important considerations for these and other CDR functions is provided, and the current system design process is critiqued.

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Conflict Probability Estimation for Free Flight

1997-05-01

Russell A. Paielli , Heinz Erzberger

The safety and efficiency of free flight will benefit from automated conflict prediction and resolution advisories. Conflict prediction is based on trajectory prediction and is less certain the farther in … The safety and efficiency of free flight will benefit from automated conflict prediction and resolution advisories. Conflict prediction is based on trajectory prediction and is less certain the farther in advance the prediction, however. An estimate is therefore needed of the probability that a conflict will occur, given a pair of predicted trajectories and their levels of uncertainty. This paper presents a method to estimate that conflict probability. The trajectory prediction errors are modeled as normally distributed, and the two error covariances for an aircraft pair are combined into a single, equivalent covariance of the relative position. A coordinate transformation is then used to derive an analytical solution. Numerical examples and a Monte Carlo validation are presented. (Author)

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On the Efficiency-Fairness Trade-off

2012-09-12

Dimitris Bertsimas , Vivek F. Farias , Nikolaos Trichakis

This paper deals with a basic issue: How does one approach the problem of designing the “right” objective for a given resource allocation problem? The notion of what is right … This paper deals with a basic issue: How does one approach the problem of designing the “right” objective for a given resource allocation problem? The notion of what is right can be fairly nebulous; we consider two issues that we see as key: efficiency and fairness. We approach the problem of designing objectives that account for the natural tension between efficiency and fairness in the context of a framework that captures a number of resource allocation problems of interest to managers. More precisely, we consider a rich family of objectives that have been well studied in the literature for their fairness properties. We deal with the problem of selecting the appropriate objective from this family. We characterize the trade-off achieved between efficiency and fairness as one selects different objectives and develop several concrete managerial prescriptions for the selection problem based on this trade-off. Finally, we demonstrate the value of our framework in a case study that considers air traffic management. This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.

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Conflict resolution problems for air traffic management systems solved with mixed integer programming

2002-03-01

Lucia Pallottino , Éric Féron , Antonio Bicchi

This paper considers the problem of solving conflicts arising among several aircraft that are assumed to move in a shared airspace. Aircraft can not get closer to each other than … This paper considers the problem of solving conflicts arising among several aircraft that are assumed to move in a shared airspace. Aircraft can not get closer to each other than a given safety distance in order to avoid possible conflicts between different airplanes. For such system of multiple aircraft, we consider the path planning problem among given waypoints avoiding all possible conflicts. In particular we are interested in optimal paths, i.e., we want to minimize the total flight time. We propose two different formulations of the multiaircraft conflict avoidance problem as a mixed-integer linear program: in the first case only velocity changes are admissible maneuvers, in the second one only heading angle changes are allowed. Due to the linear formulation of the two problems, solutions may be obtained quickly with standard optimization software, allowing our approach to be implemented in real time.

A probabilistic approach to aircraft conflict detection

2000-01-01

Maria Prandini , Jianghai Hu , John Lygeros +1 more

Conflict detection and resolution schemes operating at the mid-range and short-range level of the air traffic management process are discussed. Probabilistic models for predicting the aircraft position in the near-term … Conflict detection and resolution schemes operating at the mid-range and short-range level of the air traffic management process are discussed. Probabilistic models for predicting the aircraft position in the near-term and mid-term future are developed. Based on the mid-term prediction model, the maximum instantaneous probability of conflict is proposed as a criticality measure for two aircraft encounters. Randomized algorithms are introduced to efficiently estimate this measure of criticality and provide quantitative bounds on the level of approximation introduced. For short-term detection, approximate closed-form analytical expressions for the probability of conflict are obtained, using the short-term prediction model. Based on these expressions, an algorithm for decentralized conflict detection and resolution that generalizes potential fields methods for path planning to a probabilistic dynamic environment is proposed. The algorithms are validated using Monte Carlo simulations.

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Airport capacity: representation, estimation, optimization

1993-01-01

Eugene Gilbo

A major goal of air traffic management is to strategically control the flow of traffic so that the demand at an airport meets but does not exceed the operational capacity. … A major goal of air traffic management is to strategically control the flow of traffic so that the demand at an airport meets but does not exceed the operational capacity. This work considers the major aspects of airport operational capacities relevant to the strategic management of air traffic. A representation of airport capacity that properly reflects an airport's operational limits is discussed. A method is presented for estimating practical airport capacities under various operational conditions. A technique is proposed for optimizing the available airport capacity to best satisfy the expected traffic demand. The optimization is achieved by considering arrival and departure operations as interdependent processes and by strategically allocating the airport capacity between arrivals and departures. The underlying mathematical model is presented, as well as numerical examples illustrating the benefits when solving airport congestion problems. >

FACET: Future ATM Concepts Evaluation Tool

2001-01-01

Karl Bilimoria , Banavar Sridhar , Shon Grabbe +2 more

FACET (Future Air Traffic Management Concepts Evaluation Tool) is a simulation and analysis tool developed at the NASA Ames Research Center. This paper introduces the design, architecture, functionalities and applications … FACET (Future Air Traffic Management Concepts Evaluation Tool) is a simulation and analysis tool developed at the NASA Ames Research Center. This paper introduces the design, architecture, functionalities and applications of FACET. The purpose of FACET is to provide a simulation environment for exploration, development and evaluation of advanced Air Traffic Management concepts. FACET models system-wide airspace operations over the contiguous United States. The architecture of FACET strikes an appropriate balance between flexibility and fidelity, enabling it to model the trajectories of over 5,000 aircraft on a single desktop computer running on any of a wide variety of operating systems. FACET has proto-types of several advanced Air Traffic Management concepts: airborne self-separation; a decision support tool for direct routing; advanced traffic flow management techniques; and the integration of space launch vehicle operations into the U.S. National Airspace System.

Policy compression for aircraft collision avoidance systems

2016-09-01

Kyle D. Julian , Jessica Lopez , Jeffrey S. Brush +2 more

One approach to designing the decision making logic for an aircraft collision avoidance system is to frame the problem as Markov decision process and optimize the system using dynamic programming. … One approach to designing the decision making logic for an aircraft collision avoidance system is to frame the problem as Markov decision process and optimize the system using dynamic programming. The resulting strategy can be represented as a numeric table. This methodology has been used in the development of the ACAS X family of collision avoidance systems for manned and unmanned aircraft. However, due to the high dimensionality of the state space, discretizing the state variables can lead to very large tables. To improve storage efficiency, we propose two approaches for compressing the lookup table. The first approach exploits redundancy in the table. The table is decomposed into a set of lower-dimensional tables, some of which can be represented by single tables in areas where the lower-dimensional tables are identical or nearly identical with respect to a similarity metric. The second approach uses a deep neural network to learn a complex non-linear function approximation of the table. With the use of an asymmetric loss function and a gradient descent algorithm, the parameters for this network can be trained to provide very accurate estimates of values while preserving the relative preferences of the possible advisories for each state. As a result, the table can be approximately represented by only the parameters of the network, which reduces the required storage space by a factor of 1000. Simulation studies show that system performance is very similar using either compressed table representation in place of the original table. Even though the neural network was trained directly on the original table, the network surpasses the original table on the performance metrics and encounter sets evaluated here.

Study on an improved adaptive PSO algorithm for solving multi-objective gate assignment

2017-06-08

Wu Deng , Huimin Zhao , Xinhua Yang +3 more

The Flight of Birds: The Significant Dimensions, Their Departure from the Requirements for Dimensional Similarity, and the Effect on Flight Aerodynamics of That Departure

1975-01-01

Crawford H. Greenewalt

VTOL Urban Air Mobility Concept Vehicles for Technology Development

2018-06-24

Christopher J. Silva , Wayne Johnson , Eduardo Solis +2 more

The current push for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is predicated on the feasibility of novel aircraft types, which will be enabled by the near-term availability of mature technology for high … The current push for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is predicated on the feasibility of novel aircraft types, which will be enabled by the near-term availability of mature technology for high performance subsystems. A number of candidate concept aircraft are presently being designed to meet a set of UAM requirements, in order to quantify the tradeoffs and performance targets necessary for practical implementation of the UAM vision. In examining these vehicles, performance targets and recurring technology themes emerge, which may guide investments in research and development within NASA, other government agencies, academia, and industry.

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Urban Air Mobility Airspace Integration Concepts and Considerations

2018-06-24

David P. Thipphavong , Rafael D. Apaza , Bryan Barmore +7 more

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) - defined as safe and efficient air traffic operations in a metropolitan area for manned aircraft and unmanned aircraft systems - is being researched and developed … Urban Air Mobility (UAM) - defined as safe and efficient air traffic operations in a metropolitan area for manned aircraft and unmanned aircraft systems - is being researched and developed by industry, academia, and government. Significant resources have been invested toward cultivating an ecosystem for Urban Air Mobility that includes manufacturers of electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, builders of takeoff and landing areas, and researchers of the airspace integration concepts, technologies, and procedures needed to conduct Urban Air Mobility operations safely and efficiently alongside other airspace users. This paper provides high-level descriptions of both emergent and early expanded operational concepts for Urban Air Mobility that NASA is developing. The scope of this work is defined in terms of missions, aircraft, airspace, and hazards. Past and current Urban Air Mobility operations are also reviewed, and the considerations for the data exchange architecture and communication, navigation, and surveillance requirements are also discussed. This paper will serve as a starting point to develop a framework for NASA's Urban Air Mobility airspace integration research and development efforts with partners and stakeholders that could include fast-time simulations, human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulations, and flight demonstrations.

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Electric VTOL Configurations Comparison

2019-02-28

Alessandro Bacchini , Enrico Cestino

In the last ten years, different concepts of electric vertical take-off and landing aircrafts (eVTOLs) have been tested. This article addresses the problem of the choice of the best configuration. … In the last ten years, different concepts of electric vertical take-off and landing aircrafts (eVTOLs) have been tested. This article addresses the problem of the choice of the best configuration. VTOLs built since the fifties are presented and their advantages, disadvantages, and problems are discussed. Three representative eVTOLs, one for each main configuration, are compared on five main parameters and three reference missions. The parameters are disk loading, total hover time, cruise speed, practical range, and flight time. The performance of the eVTOLs on the urban, extra-urban, and long-range mission is evaluated computing the time and energy required. The results show that the best configuration depends on the mission. The multirotor is more efficient in hover. The vectored thrust jet is more efficient in cruise and has a higher range. The lift + cruise is a compromise.

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Flight Delay Prediction Based on Aviation Big Data and Machine Learning

2019-11-18

Guan Gui , Fan Liu , Jinlong Sun +3 more

Accurate flight delay prediction is fundamental to establish the more efficient airline business. Recent studies have been focused on applying machine learning methods to predict the flight delay. Most of … Accurate flight delay prediction is fundamental to establish the more efficient airline business. Recent studies have been focused on applying machine learning methods to predict the flight delay. Most of the previous prediction methods are conducted in a single route or airport. This paper explores a broader scope of factors which may potentially influence the flight delay, and compares several machine learning-based models in designed generalized flight delay prediction tasks. To build a dataset for the proposed scheme, automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) messages are received, pre-processed, and integrated with other information such as weather condition, flight schedule, and airport information. The designed prediction tasks contain different classification tasks and a regression task. Experimental results show that long short-term memory (LSTM) is capable of handling the obtained aviation sequence data, but overfitting problem occurs in our limited dataset. Compared with the previous schemes, the proposed random forest-based model can obtain higher prediction accuracy (90.2% for the binary classification) and can overcome the overfitting problem.

Designing airspace for urban air mobility: A review of concepts and approaches

2021-06-08

Aleksandar Bauranov , Jasenka Rakas

The article brings together the academic and industry literature on the design and management of urban airspace. We analyze the proposed airspace concepts, identify their strengths and weaknesses, point to … The article brings together the academic and industry literature on the design and management of urban airspace. We analyze the proposed airspace concepts, identify their strengths and weaknesses, point to gaps in research, and provide recommendations for a more holistic approach to designing urban airspace. We first identify the structural factors that define the size, capacity, and geometry of urban airspace. These factors are grouped into four categories: safety-related factors, social factors, system factors, and aircraft factors. Second, we review different urban airspace concepts proposed around the world. Third, we assess the airspace concepts based on the identified factors. Most of the reviewed airspace concepts are idealized as abstract networks, with an emphasis on maximizing safety and capacity, and with little regard for factors such as technological complexity, noise, or privacy. Additionally, we find that the airspace structure directly influences the level of safety, efficiency, and capacity of airspace. On the one hand, air vehicles in less structured airspace have more degrees of freedom. They can freely choose their position, altitude, heading, and speed, which increases airspace capacity and reduces flying costs. However, these concepts require high technological capabilities, such as dynamic geofences and advanced sense-and-avoid capabilities, to maintain the required safety levels. On the other hand, airspace concepts with fewer degrees of freedom can accommodate less capable aircraft but require strict operation rules and reduced capacity to ensure safety. Finally, the proposed urban air mobility concepts require extensive ground infrastructures, such as take-off and landing pads and communication, navigation, and surveillance infrastructure. There is a need for a new branch of research that analyzes urban air mobility from the perspective of urban planning, including issues around zoning, air rights, public transportation, real estate development, public acceptance, and access inequalities.

Urban Air Mobility: History, Ecosystem, Market Potential, and Challenges

2021-06-04

Adam Cohen , Susan Shaheen , Emily Farrar

Since the early 20 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> century, inventors have conceptualized "plane cars" and other urban aerial transportation. Emerging innovations in electrification, automation, and other technologies are enabling new opportunities … Since the early 20 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> century, inventors have conceptualized "plane cars" and other urban aerial transportation. Emerging innovations in electrification, automation, and other technologies are enabling new opportunities for on-demand air mobility, business models, and aircraft design. Urban air mobility (UAM) envisions a safe, sustainable, affordable, and accessible air transportation system for passenger mobility, goods delivery, and emergency services within or traversing metropolitan areas. This research employed a multi-method approach comprised of 106 interviews with thought leaders and two stakeholder workshops to construct the history, ecosystem, state of the industry, and potential evolution of UAM. The history, current developments, and anticipated milestones of UAM can be classified into six phases: 1) "flying car" concepts from the early 1910s to 1950s, 2) early UAM operations using scheduled helicopter services from the 1950s to 1980s, 3) re-emergence of on-demand services starting in the 2010s, 4) corridor services using vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) envisioned for the 2020s, 5) hub and spoke services, and 6) point-to-point services. In the future, UAM could face several barriers to growth and mainstreaming, such as the existing regulatory environment; community acceptance; and concerns about safety, noise, social equity, and environmental impacts. UAM also could be limited by infrastructure and airspace management needs, as well as business model constraints. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research on sustainability, social and economic impacts, airspace integration, and other topics.

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6th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences

1968-05-01

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Airfoil Design and Data

1990-01-01

Richard A. Eppler

Aeromedical Concerns About Extended Minimum Crew Operations

2025-06-25

Ries Simons , Declan Maher , Roland Vermeiren +1 more | Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance

The aviation industry is exploring possibilities to operate extended long-haul flights with two pilots in the cockpit during critical flight phases and a single pilot flying during cruise flight while … The aviation industry is exploring possibilities to operate extended long-haul flights with two pilots in the cockpit during critical flight phases and a single pilot flying during cruise flight while the other pilot is sleeping. This Extended Minimum Crew Operations (eMCO) concept raises important aeromedical concerns: 1) a two-pilot cockpit is considered a main safety risk-mitigating factor and eMCO would therefore necessitate a new aeromedical risk assessment concept; 2) sensors and algorithms for monitoring physical and/or cognitive incapacitation are not available or insufficiently reliable; 3) scientific data of augmented long-haul flights is not valid for predicting effects of monotony and boredom or in-flight sleep and sleep inertia on alertness during eMCO cruise-flight; and 4) medical conditions regarding urination, defecation, or menstruation may cause an unscheduled visit to the toilet of the single pilot flying during cruise flight, who then has to request the resting pilot to take over the controls. Simons R, Maher D, Vermeiren R, Wagstaff AS. Aeromedical concerns about extended minimum crew operations . Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(7):590–592.

Optimized framework for end-around taxiway design: site, efficiency, fuel: a case study at Jinan Yaoqiang airport

2025-06-24

Xiaoxi Jiang , Yang Yang | Frontiers in Built Environment

Introduction With the rapid growth of airport traffic, runway crossings bring about more severe efficiency losses and safety risks. End-Around Taxiways (EATs) have been introduced in some international hub airports, … Introduction With the rapid growth of airport traffic, runway crossings bring about more severe efficiency losses and safety risks. End-Around Taxiways (EATs) have been introduced in some international hub airports, but their design and layout remain contentious. Methods This research takes Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport as a case to find the best EATs layout, considering site conditions, operational efficiency, and cost-benefit. First, it sums up EATs classifications and constraints, analyzing the airport’s master plan and site limitations. Then, models for taxiing distance, time, and fuel consumption under different EAT setups are established. Multiple EAT schemes are compared in terms of operation and economy. Results and discussion Results show that a 555-m EAT for Category C aircraft is the best choice for the current construction phase, meeting operations needs while cutting costs and fuel use. In conclusion, EAT design should balance technical requirements with factors like taxiing efficiency, fuel consumption, and investment to achieve airport sustainability. Future studies can optimize EATs via simulation and modeling.

Development and Evaluation of an Electronic Logbook System for Light Aircraft Operations

2025-06-24

Martin Kelemen , Alica Tobisová , Jozef Sábo +3 more | Acta Avionica Journal

This paper presents the development and implementation of an electronic logbook system tailored for light category aircraft. The aim of the project was to replace traditional paper-based recordkeeping with a … This paper presents the development and implementation of an electronic logbook system tailored for light category aircraft. The aim of the project was to replace traditional paper-based recordkeeping with a digital solution that enhances operational efficiency, safety and compliance with aviation documentation requirements. The proposed system allows pilots and aircraft operators to manage flight hours, maintenance tasks, fuel consumption and document validity in a unified, web-based platform. Built using accessible web technologies (HTML, PHP, MySQL), the system offers a cost-effective and user-friendly alternative suitable for flying schools and small aircraft owners. The article discusses the benefits, technical structure, and limitations of the solution, supported by user testing. The results confirm that even small-scale operators can effectively adopt digital tools that align with modern aviation standards and support the ongoing process of digital transformation in general aviation.

USO DE PRESSÃO POSITIVA CONTÍNUA NAS VIAS AÉREAS (CPAP) EM RECÉM-NASCIDOS PRÉ TERMO: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

2025-06-23

Sandy Maria de Sousa Soares , Richard de Oliveira da Silva , M. E. Ramos | Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação

Introdução: Um paciente prematuro é aquele que nasce antes das 37 semanas completas de gestação, apresentando características distintas em relação aos bebês nascidos a termo. Sua imaturidade fisiológica pode resultar … Introdução: Um paciente prematuro é aquele que nasce antes das 37 semanas completas de gestação, apresentando características distintas em relação aos bebês nascidos a termo. Sua imaturidade fisiológica pode resultar em desafios respiratórios, nutricionais e neurológicos, exigindo cuidados intensivos e especializados para garantir seu desenvolvimento saudável. Além da fisioterapia, o uso de suporterespiratório é frequentemente necessário para os recém-nascidos prematuros que apresentam dificuldades respiratórias significativas. Objetivo: Esse estudo consistiu em investigar a eficácia do CPAP como terapia de suporte respiratório em recém- nascidos prematuros entre 24 e 32 semanas na UTI neonatal. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo de revisão de literatura com busca de publicações nas seguintes platafomas: SciELO, e PubMed. Para delimilitar o campo de investigação, os seguintes artigos foram identificados nos idiomas entre português e inglês, baseando no filtro entre os anos de 2014 a 2024, a seleção foi baseada na leitura de título, resumo e descritores como: Pressão positiva; CPAP; Pré-termo; Recém-nascido. Foram incluídos artigos de ensaios clínicos randomizados, experimental, transversal, descritivo, analíticos e sistêmico. Foram excluídos os artigos duplicados na base de dados, artigos de revisão bibliográfica, que não se encaixavam nos critérios de inclusão, publicados fora da janela de tempo estipulada, artigos duplicados, ou incompletos. Resultados: Foram encontrado o total de 52 artigos, com base nos critérios de exclusão, foram selecionados apenas 12 artigos. Nas categorias A3, B1, B2 com resultados através de pesquisa de campo e estudos de casos. Conclusão: Se enfatiza o uso de pressão positiva contínua, bloqueio contralateral, aumento do volume corrente, aceleração do fluxo expiratório e higiene brônquica. Portanto as condutas fisioterapêuticas são de extrema importância na reversão de atelectasias, melhorando a troca gasosa, consequentemente otimizando o desfecho clínico deste público.

TÉCNICAS AVANÇADAS DE ABORDAGEM EM VIA AÉREA DIFÍCIL: INOVAÇÕES E PROTOCOLOS DE SUCESSO EM EMERGÊNCIAS CRÍTICAS

2025-06-23

Bianca Suellen Ferreira , Teixeira Correia Kakulete , Susan Miguel Cuadros +7 more | LUMEN ET VIRTUS

The management of difficult airways in critical emergencies remains a recurring challenge for healthcare professionals, requiring high technical competence, rapid decision-making, and the integration of advanced technological resources. This bibliographic … The management of difficult airways in critical emergencies remains a recurring challenge for healthcare professionals, requiring high technical competence, rapid decision-making, and the integration of advanced technological resources. This bibliographic review aims to critically analyze the main techniques, devices, and protocols currently employed in this context, with emphasis on the use of videolaryngoscopes, second-generation supraglottic devices, and fiberoptic intubation, as well as the implementation of structured algorithms and international guidelines. The discussion highlights the importance of continuous team training, the use of complementary technologies such as continuous capnography and point-of-care ultrasound, and the standardization of clinical practices to reduce risks and optimize outcomes. The findings reinforce that successful management of difficult airways depends on the synergy between technological innovation, professional preparedness, and well-established protocols. Furthermore, the need for ongoing investment in education, training, and infrastructure is emphasized as a fundamental strategy to ensure excellence and safety in the care of patients in high-complexity scenarios.

Statistical Data Processing Technologies for Sustainable Aviation: A Case Study of Ukraine

2025-06-23

Viktoriia Ivannikova , Maksym Zaliskyi , Олександр Соломенцев +2 more | Sustainability

Aviation is widely recognised as a system of systems where interconnected components interact dynamically within a structured framework. Failures in aviation equipment, inconsistencies in technological procedures, and operational inefficiencies contribute … Aviation is widely recognised as a system of systems where interconnected components interact dynamically within a structured framework. Failures in aviation equipment, inconsistencies in technological procedures, and operational inefficiencies contribute to stochastic variability, making robust data-driven approaches essential for enhancing sustainability and resilience. This study proposes a comprehensive statistical data processing framework aimed at enhancing the sustainability and resilience of civil aviation systems, using Ukraine as a case study. Our analysis identifies two major gaps: an insufficient application of modern data processing techniques and a lack of consideration for the changepoint effect—a critical factor influencing reliability indicators, diagnostic parameters, and technological process trends. The scientific novelty and value of this article lie in the development of a new approach to data processing in civil aviation, which includes a set of methods for changepoint detection, the estimation of the model parameters after the changepoint, and the prediction of future values in trends of processed data. The practical value is associated with the possibility of implementing such processing for all components of civil aviation, where process parameters and trends of diagnostic variables for components of civil aviation systems are monitored. The analysis of the efficiency of the proposed approach to data processing showed the possibility of reducing operating costs, which can be considered within the framework of sustainable development of civil aviation. An important practical result is that the authors propose a Datahub model to facilitate the efficient collection, processing, and usage of aviation-related statistical data, supporting both sustainable decision-making and cost minimisation. A case study on aviation radio equipment demonstrates the application of statistical data processing techniques, incorporating the changepoint effect through Monte Carlo simulations.

Parametric Modeling and Evaluation of Departure and Arrival Air Routes for Urban Logistics UAVs

2025-06-23

Zhong‐Ming Li , Yifei Zhao , Xinhui Ren | Drones

With the rapid development of the low-altitude economy, the intensive take-offs and landings of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) performing logistics transport tasks in urban areas have introduced significant safety risks. … With the rapid development of the low-altitude economy, the intensive take-offs and landings of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) performing logistics transport tasks in urban areas have introduced significant safety risks. To reduce the likelihood of collisions, logistics operators—such as Meituan, Antwork, and Fengyi—have established fixed departure and arrival air routes above vertiports and designed fixed flight air routes between vertiports to guide UAVs to fly along predefined paths. In the complex and constrained low-altitude urban environment, the design of safe and efficient air routes has undoubtedly become a key enabler for successful operations. This research, grounded in both current theoretical research and real-world logistics UAV operations, defines the concept of UAV logistics air routes and presents a comprehensive description of their structure. A parametric model for one-way round-trip logistics air routes is proposed, along with an air route evaluation model and optimization method. Based on this framework, the research identifies four basic configurations that are commonly adopted for one-way round-trip operations. These configurations can be further improved into two optimized configurations with more balanced performance across multiple metrics. Simulation results reveal that Configuration 1 is only suitable for small-scale transport; as the number of delivery tasks increases, delays grow linearly. When the task volume exceeds 100 operations per 30 min, Configurations 2, 3, and 4 reduce average delay by 88.9%, 89.2%, and 93.3%, respectively, compared with Configuration 1. The research also finds that flight speed along segments and the cruise segment capacity have the most significant influence on delays. Properly increasing these two parameters can lead to a 28.4% reduction in the average delay. The two optimized configurations, derived through further refinement, show better trade-offs between average delay and flight time than any of the fundamental configurations. This research not only provides practical guidance for the planning and design of UAV logistics air routes but also lays a methodological foundation for future developments in UAV scheduling and air route network design.

ADMM-based augmented Lagrangian methods for robust aircraft recovery problem considering connection time, resource capacity and maintenance flexibility

2025-06-21

Jianlin Jiang , Sijia Zhang , Yucong Tang +2 more | Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review

Simulation-Based Two-Stage Scheduling Optimization Method for Carrier-Based Aircraft Launch and Departure Operations

2025-06-20

J. W. S. Liu , Nengjian Wang | Entropy

The scheduling of carrier-based aircraft departure operations is subject to stringent temporal, spatial, and resource constraints. Conventional approaches struggle to yield exact solutions or provide a comprehensive mathematical description of … The scheduling of carrier-based aircraft departure operations is subject to stringent temporal, spatial, and resource constraints. Conventional approaches struggle to yield exact solutions or provide a comprehensive mathematical description of this complex, dynamic process. This study proposes a simulation-based optimization method, establishing a high-fidelity simulation model for aircraft departure scheduling. To address the coupled challenges of path planning under spatial constraints and station matching/sequencing under operational constraints, we developed (1) a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based path planning algorithm (AAE-SAC), and (2) an enhanced particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm (LTA-HPSO). This integrated two-stage framework, termed LTA-HPSO + AAE-SAC, facilitates efficient, collision-free departure scheduling optimization. Simulation experiments across varying sortie scales were conducted to validate the framework’s effectiveness and robustness. Notably, for a complex scenario involving 24 aircraft with diverse priorities and stringent spatial constraints, LTA-HPSO + AAE-SAC achieved an average solution time of 185.19 s, reducing scheduling time by 26.18% and 49.54% compared to benchmark algorithms (PSO + Heuristic and PSO + SAC, respectively). The proposed LTA-HPSO + AAE-SAC framework significantly enhances the quality and robustness of carrier-based aircraft departure scheduling.

An Intelligent Path Planning System for Urban Airspace Monitoring: From Infrastructure Assessment to Strategic Optimization

2025-06-19

Qianyu Liu , Wei Dai , Zichun Yan +1 more | Smart Cities

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) requires reliable communication and surveillance infrastructures to ensure safe Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operations in dense metropolitan environments. However, urban infrastructure is inherently heterogeneous, leading to … Urban Air Mobility (UAM) requires reliable communication and surveillance infrastructures to ensure safe Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operations in dense metropolitan environments. However, urban infrastructure is inherently heterogeneous, leading to significant spatial variations in monitoring performance. This study proposes a unified framework that integrates infrastructure readiness assessment with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL)-based UAV path planning. Using Singapore as a representative case, we employ a data-driven methodology combining clustering analysis and in situ measurements to estimate the citywide distribution of surveillance quality. We then introduce an infrastructure-aware path planning algorithm based on a Double Deep Q-Network (DQN) with a convolutional architecture, which enables UAVs to learn efficient trajectories while avoiding surveillance blind zones. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly improves path success rates, reduces traversal through poorly monitored regions, and maintains high navigation efficiency. These results highlight the potential of combining infrastructure modeling with DRL to support performance-aware airspace operations and inform future UAM governance systems.

Microsoft Flight Simulator (1982)

2025-06-19

Mario Donick | transcript Verlag eBooks

Urban Air Mobility Vertiport’s Capacity Simulation and Analysis

2025-06-19

Antoni Kopyt , Sebastian Dylicki | Aerospace

This study shows a comprehensive simulation to assess and enhance the throughput capacity of unmanned air system vertiports, one of the most essential elements of urban air mobility ecosystems. The … This study shows a comprehensive simulation to assess and enhance the throughput capacity of unmanned air system vertiports, one of the most essential elements of urban air mobility ecosystems. The framework integrates dynamic grid-based spatial management, probabilistic mission duration algorithms, and EASA-compliant operational protocols to address the infrastructural and logistical demands of high-density UAS operations. It was focused on two use cases—high-frequency food delivery utilizing small UASs and extended-range package logistics with larger UASs—and the model incorporates adaptive vertiport zoning strategies, segregating operations into dedicated sectors for battery charging, swapping, and cargo handling to enable parallel processing and mitigate congestion. The simulation evaluates critical variables such as vertiport dimensions, UAS fleet composition, and mission duration ranges while emphasizing scalability, safety, and compliance with evolving regulatory standards. By examining the interplay between infrastructure design, operational workflows, and resource allocation, the research provides a versatile tool for urban planners and policymakers to optimize vertiport layouts and traffic management protocols. Its modular architecture supports future extensions. This work underscores the necessity of adaptive, data-driven planning to harmonize vertiport functionality with the dynamic demands of urban air mobility, ensuring interoperability, safety, and long-term scalability.

Sustainable and Resilient Schedule Coordination for Connecting Flights at Airport Hubs

2025-06-18

Mei Xiao , Steven Chien , Ching-Jung Ting +2 more | Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board

The arrival delay of connecting flights in a hub-and-spoke network (HSN) can increase operational costs and degrade the level of service, particularly for transfer passengers. Developing a sustainable and resilient … The arrival delay of connecting flights in a hub-and-spoke network (HSN) can increase operational costs and degrade the level of service, particularly for transfer passengers. Developing a sustainable and resilient schedule by incorporating suitable buffer times can significantly improve the likelihood of successful connections. This paper presents a mathematical model that considers probabilistic flight arrivals at the hub airport to minimize total costs, including those associated with aircraft, gate utilization, and passenger delays. A dual-step search algorithm is developed to determine the optimal buffer times. The model is applied in a case study to optimize the buffer times of connecting flights at a hub airport in Xi’an, China. Additionally, the impacts of model parameters on decision variables and total costs are analyzed. Results indicate that implementing the proposed model can significantly enhance HSN resilience while reducing operational and user costs.

Why air-traffic controller shortages are not to blame for US airport chaos

2025-06-18

Ashley Nunes | Nature

Aircraft Weight Estimation Using Surveillance Data Based on Statistical Modeling of Climb-Thrust

2025-06-18

H. Matsuda , Yoshinori Matsuno , Takehisa Yairi | Journal of Aircraft

Accurate trajectory prediction is essential for a highly efficient air traffic system, and aircraft weight estimation by ground systems is one of its key technologies. Since aircraft weight includes payload … Accurate trajectory prediction is essential for a highly efficient air traffic system, and aircraft weight estimation by ground systems is one of its key technologies. Since aircraft weight includes payload and fuel, it is regarded by airlines as commercially sensitive and is not available to air traffic control (ATC) facilities. Attempts have therefore been made to estimate aircraft weight using data available to ATC, including meteorological and surveillance data. Such techniques often target the climb phase because reasonable assumptions may be made about thrust during this phase. However, in real-world operations, even aircraft of the same type flying the same route show a wide variety of flight tracks and climb profiles due to traffic and weather conditions. In this study, the uncertainties in climb phase weight estimation are classified into two types, and a two-step method is applied to deal with each type of uncertainty: estimation of the steady climb segment and simultaneous estimation of aircraft weight and thrust setting. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated using flight data collected during actual operations, and the superiority of the proposed method in terms of accuracy over previous studies was suggested under certain conditions.

Adaptive Interactive Multiple Model for Aircraft Trajectories Prediction on the Airport Surface

2025-06-18

Lu Qixing , Xinmin Tang , Ren Xuanming | Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics

Aerodromes and operational safety

2025-06-17

Arun Kumar Rao | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

A Multi-Scale Airspace Sectorization Framework Based on QTM and HDQN

2025-06-17

Q.P. Liu , Xuesheng Zhao , Xinglong Wang +2 more | Aerospace

Airspace sectorization is an effective approach to balance increasing air traffic demand and limited airspace resources. It directly impacts the efficiency and safety of airspace operations. Traditional airspace sectorization methods … Airspace sectorization is an effective approach to balance increasing air traffic demand and limited airspace resources. It directly impacts the efficiency and safety of airspace operations. Traditional airspace sectorization methods are often based on fixed spatial scales, failing to fully consider the complexity and interrelationships of airspace partitioning across different spatial scales. This makes it challenging to balance large-scale airspace management with local dynamic demands. To address this issue, a multi-scale airspace sectorization framework is proposed, which integrates a multi-resolution grid system and a hierarchical deep reinforcement learning algorithm. First, an airspace grid model is constructed using Quaternary Triangular Mesh (QTM), along with an efficient workload calculation model based on grid encoding. Then, a sector optimization model is developed using hierarchical deep Q-network (HDQN), where the top-level and bottom-level policies coordinate to perform global airspace control area partitioning and local sectorization. The use of multi-resolution grids enhances the interaction efficiency between the reinforcement learning model and the environment. Prior knowledge is also incorporated to enhance training efficiency and effectiveness. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms traditional models in both computational efficiency and workload balancing performance.

Aircraft Arrival and Departure Contributions to Ultrafine Particle Size Distribution in a Near-Airport Community

2025-06-17

Breanna D. van Loenen , Flannery Black-Ingersoll , John L. Durant +7 more | Environmental Science & Technology

Determining aviation-related contributions to ambient ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations in complex, multisource environments is challenging; source-specific differences in particle size distribution may provide a mechanism for source attribution. We examined … Determining aviation-related contributions to ambient ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations in complex, multisource environments is challenging; source-specific differences in particle size distribution may provide a mechanism for source attribution. We examined UFP concentrations and size distribution across 32 particle diameters at a monitoring site in close proximity to Boston Logan International Airport across a two-year period, incorporating covariates for flight activity and meteorology. Total particle number concentration (PNC) was ∼2-fold higher when the site was downwind of the airport. During these wind conditions, particles between 8 and 12 nm in diameter comprised the largest proportion of overall PNC observed, consistent with aircraft contributions. Particle size distribution differed substantially between hours of predominant aircraft arrivals (peak modal diameter 9-11 nm) versus departures (peak modal diameter 39-52 nm). Peak concentrations of particles between 9 and 11 nm were found in the winter and during afternoon hours. We conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) to confirm particle size distributions from aviation activity. PCA results showed that nucleation-mode particles (<30 nm in diameter), specifically those between 9 and 11 nm, were associated with landing aircraft on a nearby runway, especially when the monitor was downwind of the airport. Our findings confirm that aviation-specific UFP emissions are dominated by nucleation mode particles, with long-term size distribution information able to distinguish between aircraft operations in near-airport communities.

Air Navigation Services

2025-06-17

Francis Schubert | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

Time-series prediction method for departure taxi delay situations at airports

2025-06-16

Da‐Gang Fang , Ligang Yuan , Haiyan Chen +1 more | International Conference on Frontiers of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (FTTE 2022)

Assessment of emergency landing options: case study of Riga flight information region

2025-06-16

Marcis Bogdanovs , Monta Aleksandra Lacane | Aviation

The aim of this research, titled “Assessment of Emergency Landing Options: Case Study of Riga Flight Information Region” is to explore and analyze the feasibility of emergency landings within the … The aim of this research, titled “Assessment of Emergency Landing Options: Case Study of Riga Flight Information Region” is to explore and analyze the feasibility of emergency landings within the Riga FIR and evaluate the necessity of an additional runway. The theoretical section of the study covers various types of aviation accidents and emergency landing procedures. The empirical part includes a thorough analysis of meteorological aerodrome reports (METAR) to assess whether weather conditions are conducive to safe landings at Lielvarde military airfield. Based on the findings, conclusions are drawn regarding the need for an additional runway. The study also examines other potential airfields, not listed in the Republic of Latvia’s Aeronautical Information Publications, which could serve as emergency landing sites. To enhance pilots’ situational awareness, digital maps have been developed to display these alternative airfields.

Trajectory adjustments via grey wolf optimization to mitigate air traffic complexity in moving sectors

2025-06-15

Simon Bruno Göppel , Ehsan Asadi , Michael Schultz | Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies

Exploring Big Data Management Approaches and Applications: A Case Study of Real-Time Data Analytics in Air Traffic Management

2025-06-14

Adeel Hashmi , Nouman Amjad , Muhammad Moiz Ullah Satti +2 more | Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

The rapid proliferation of digital devices has generated vast amounts of data, presenting significant challenges in collection, processing, and analysis that traditional systems struggle to overcome. This study investigates big … The rapid proliferation of digital devices has generated vast amounts of data, presenting significant challenges in collection, processing, and analysis that traditional systems struggle to overcome. This study investigates big data management approaches, explicitly focusing on technologies capable of efficiently handling real-time data at scale. Within the context of Air Operations, we propose a Hadoop-based architecture designed to support the Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) loop and enhance air traffic management. By leveraging a distributed system deployed on a cloud-based platform, we demonstrate a cost-effective solution for optimised data processing and improved decision-making capabilities. Our analysis highlights the advantages of using Hadoop's distributed file system (HDFS) for managing both structured and unstructured data generated by various sensors and devices. Additionally, we explore the integration of real-time processing technologies, such as Apache Kafka and Spark, to facilitate timely insights essential for operational effectiveness. Cloud deployment not only enhances resource accessibility but also offers flexibility and scalability, which are crucial for adapting to the dynamic nature of defence operations. We also address critical considerations for security and compliance when handling sensitive military data in cloud environments and recommend strategies to mitigate potential risks. The study concludes with recommendations for addressing future technological needs in big data management, including the incorporation of machine learning for predictive analytics and improved data visualisation tools. By implementing our proposed architecture, the military/ civil aviation can enhance its operational efficiency and decision-making processes, positioning itself to meet future challenges in an increasingly data-driven environment.

Uncertainty of Aircraft Localization with Multilateration and Known Altitude

2025-06-13

R. Osypiuk , Filip Surma | Electronics

Manned and unmanned air traffic is experiencing rapid growth. The basis for the safety of flight operations is its reliable surveillance. In addition to primary and secondary radar, modern systems … Manned and unmanned air traffic is experiencing rapid growth. The basis for the safety of flight operations is its reliable surveillance. In addition to primary and secondary radar, modern systems based on satellite positioning play a key role in air traffic control. An important addition to the above systems is multilateration (MLAT). The majority of existing MLAT algorithms operate under the assumption that only the time difference of arrival (TDOA) is available for consideration. However, in scenarios that are more reflective of reality, altitude measurements are also typically included. In this study, we not only extend an existing algorithm to accommodate these additional data points but also derive insights into how the accuracy of measurements is influenced by the incorporation of supplementary information. An important part of this contribution is the software, which, by solving nonlinear optimization problems, allows for the analysis of the distribution of MLAT stations while ensuring the smallest possible measurement uncertainties.

A framework to optimize air traffic system

2025-06-13

Han Yun-xiang | Asia Pacific Journal of Operational Research

E-Taxi Technology: Assessing Operational Benefits and Sustainability in Modern Aviation

2025-06-13

Arthur Dela Peña | Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

Assessment of Aircraft Fuel Efficiency in Domestic Flights using Multiple Regression Analysis

2025-06-11

Ertuğrul Metehan Sertdemir , Hülya Kaftelen‐Odabaşı , Ali Altınok | Journal of Aviation

The aviation industry has significantly evolved over the past century, playing a crucial role in global transportation, trade, and tourism. However, its reliance on fossil fuels has raised environmental concerns, … The aviation industry has significantly evolved over the past century, playing a crucial role in global transportation, trade, and tourism. However, its reliance on fossil fuels has raised environmental concerns, necessitating sustainable practices to mitigate carbon emissions. This study examines the relationship between fuel consumption and various operational parameters for the Airbus A321 aircraft, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis to develop a predictive model for fuel efficiency. The dataset, comprising 110 flight records from Istanbul Airport, includes independent variables such as the number of passengers, flight level, flight distance, average wind speed, airspeed, flight duration, aircraft takeoff weight, and total fuel load. Statistical tests, including normality checks, correlation analysis, and multicollinearity assessments, were conducted to ensure the validity of the model. Findings indicate that flight duration, aircraft takeoff weight, and total fuel load significantly influence fuel consumption, while variables such as flight level and wind speed have negligible effects. The study highlights the importance of optimizing flight planning, weight management, and fuel policies to enhance operational efficiency and reduce environmental impact. The results provide valuable insights for the aviation industry, supporting data-driven decision-making in fuel efficiency and sustainability efforts. By integrating advanced statistical modeling and strategic operational planning, airlines can achieve cost optimization while promoting environmentally responsible practices. This research contributes to aviation sustainability by offering a data-driven approach to fuel efficiency analysis, which can inform future innovations in aircraft design, air traffic management, and alternative fuel utilization.

SATF: a flight trajectory prediction method incorporating spatial awareness and time–frequency transformation

2025-06-05

Jizhao Zhu , Zhuang Zhuang , Bing Han +2 more | International Journal of Digital Earth

Editorial: Artificial Intelligence for Airspace Optimization and Air Traffic Management

2025-06-01

Sameer Alam , Eri Itoh , Max Z. Li +3 more | Advanced Engineering Informatics

A PERFORMANCE-BASED APPROACH TO AIRSPACE OPTIMIZATION USING WIND-OPTIMAL TRACKS NETWORK IN HO CHI MINH FIR

2025-06-01

Ngoc Danh Nguyen , Minh Hoang LE , Thu Nguyen Trang Dinh +5 more | Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology Series Transport

With the fast-paced development of the aviation industry, air traffic is also increasing, leading to the problem of how to control the traffic safely, and effectively, and increase the capacity … With the fast-paced development of the aviation industry, air traffic is also increasing, leading to the problem of how to control the traffic safely, and effectively, and increase the capacity of airspace. Therefore, numerous approaches have been taken to cope with this, including optimal models - an effective approach to addressing airspace congestion issues worldwide. However, the application of these models in Vietnam remains relatively limited. In this research, we aim to address the issue of airspace congestion and how to enhance safety and efficiency by developing an algorithm capable of automatically detecting and resolving conflicts. This is achieved by adjusting the entry time and flight level (FL) of aircraft operating within the Wind-Optimal Track Network (WOTN) model that we have developed for the Ho Chi Minh Flight Information Region (HCM FIR). The research contributes to the advancement of air traffic management (ATM) systems, particularly in the context of HCM FIR, minimizing air traffic controller (ATC) workload, and offering valuable insights for enhancing operational efficiency and safety in the airspace.

Trajectory Optimization for Vertical Take-Off and Landing Vehicles in Urban Air Mobility via Data-Driven Sequential Convex Programming

2025-06-01

Ali Barzegar , Sabrullah Deniz , Katherine Vasiloff +2 more | Aerospace Science and Technology