Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology

Microbial Inactivation Methods

Works Count: 35235

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Description

This cluster of papers explores the applications of electroporation, high pressure processing, ultrasound, and pulsed electric fields in biotechnology and food processing. It covers topics such as irreversible electroporation for tissue ablation, gene therapy, microbial inactivation, and the impact of various technologies on food preservation and quality.

Keywords

Electroporation; Irreversible Electroporation; High Pressure Processing; Ultrasound; Food Preservation; Gene Therapy; Tissue Ablation; Pulsed Electric Fields; Cell Membrane Permeabilization; Microbial Inactivation

Gene transfer into mouse lyoma cells by electroporation in high electric fields.

1982-07-01

E. Neumann , Maria Schaefer-Ridder , Y. Wang +1 more

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The cytoplasmic domain of the cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin associates with three independent proteins structurally related in different species.

1989-06-01

Masayuki Ozawa , Hélène Baribault , Rolf Kemler

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Thermobacteriology in Food Processing

1973-01-01

Charles Raymond Stumbo

Guide to Electroporation and Electrofusion

1992-01-01

Donald C. Chang

Engineering Properties of Foods

2014-04-22

M.A. Rao , Syed S. H. Rizvi , Ashim K. Datta +1 more

It has been nearly a decade since the third edition of Engineering Properties of Foods was published, and food structure/microstructure remains a subject of research interest. In fact, significant developments … It has been nearly a decade since the third edition of Engineering Properties of Foods was published, and food structure/microstructure remains a subject of research interest. In fact, significant developments have taken place in the area of high pressure processing (HPP), which has been approved for pasteurization of food by the Food and Drug Admi

[12] High-efficiency transformation of yeast by electroporation

1991-01-01

Daniel M. Becker , Leonard Guarente

Increased DNA Vaccine Delivery and Immunogenicity by Electroporation In Vivo

2000-05-01

Georg Widera , Melissa A. Austin , Dietmar Rabussay +7 more

DNA vaccines have been demonstrated to be potent in small animals but are less effective in primates. One limiting factor may be inefficient uptake of DNA by cells in situ. … DNA vaccines have been demonstrated to be potent in small animals but are less effective in primates. One limiting factor may be inefficient uptake of DNA by cells in situ. In this study, we evaluated whether cellular uptake of DNA was a significant barrier to efficient transfection in vivo and subsequent induction of immune responses. For this purpose, we used the technique of electroporation to facilitate DNA delivery in vivo. This technology was shown to substantially increase delivery of DNA to cells, resulting in increased expression and elevated immune responses. The potency of a weakly immunogenic hepatitis B surface Ag DNA vaccine was increased in mice, as seen by a more rapid onset and higher magnitude of anti-hepatitis B Abs. In addition, the immunogenicity of a potent HIV gag DNA vaccine was increased in mice, as seen by higher Ab titers, a substantial reduction in the dose of DNA required to induce an Ab response, and an increase in CD8+ T cell responses. Finally, Ab responses were enhanced by electroporation against both components of a combination HIV gag and env DNA vaccine in guinea pigs and rabbits. Therefore, cellular uptake of DNA is a significant barrier to transfection in vivo, and electroporation appears able to overcome this barrier.

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Current applications and new opportunities for the use of pulsed electric fields in food science and industry

2015-09-19

Francisco J. Barba , Oleksii Parniakov , Sofia Pereira +7 more

A note on quantifying follow-up in studies of failure time

1996-08-01

M. Schemper , Terry L. Smith

Theory of electroporation: A review

1996-12-01

James C. Weaver , Yu.A. Chizmadzhev

Effect of high-pressure processing on colour, texture and flavour of fruit- and vegetable-based food products: a review

2008-04-11

Indrawati Oey , Martina Lille , Ann Van Loey +1 more

Proof without prejudice: use of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the analysis of histograms from flow systems and other sources.

1977-07-01

Ian Young

In this paper the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test for the analysis of histograms is presented. The test is discussed for both the two-sample case (comparing fn1(X) to fn2 (X)) and the … In this paper the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test for the analysis of histograms is presented. The test is discussed for both the two-sample case (comparing fn1(X) to fn2 (X)) and the one-sample case (comparing fn1 (X) to f(X)). Presentation of the specific algorithmic steps involved is done through development of an example where the data are from an experiment discussed elsewhere in this issue. It is shown that the two histograms examined come from two different parent populations at the 99.9% confidence level.

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Enhancer-dependent expression of human kappa immunoglobulin genes introduced into mouse pre-B lymphocytes by electroporation.

1984-11-01

Huntington Potter , L Weir , Philip Leder

We have developed a general method for introducing cloned genes into mammalian cells that affords substantial benefits over current technology. It is simple, rapid, and applicable to many (perhaps all) … We have developed a general method for introducing cloned genes into mammalian cells that affords substantial benefits over current technology. It is simple, rapid, and applicable to many (perhaps all) cell types, including those that are refractory to traditional transfection procedures. The method involves exposure of a suspension of cells and cloned DNA to a high-voltage electric discharge. In a model application of this transfection procedure, we have studied the expression of cloned human and mouse Ig kappa genes stably introduced into mouse pre-B cells and fibroblasts. We find that there is a B-cell-specific enhancer-activator region in the J-C intron of the human kappa gene that is necessary for efficient transcription of the cloned gene in mouse pre-B lymphocytes. This suggests that both the DNA element and the proteins required for its regulatory activity have been highly conserved in evolution and that these elements operate at the pre-B-cell stage of immunocyte development, a stage that precedes productive kappa gene rearrangement.

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Applications of ultrasound in analysis, processing and quality control of food: A review

2012-05-15

Tarek S. Awad , H. Moharram , Omayama Shaltout +2 more

High-efficiency gene transfer into skeletal muscle mediated by electric pulses

1999-04-13

Lluis M. Mir , Michel F. Bureau , Julie Gehl +7 more

Gene delivery to skeletal muscle is a promising strategy for the treatment of muscle disorders and for the systemic secretion of therapeutic proteins. However, present DNA delivery technologies have to … Gene delivery to skeletal muscle is a promising strategy for the treatment of muscle disorders and for the systemic secretion of therapeutic proteins. However, present DNA delivery technologies have to be improved with regard to both the level of expression and interindividual variability. We report very efficient plasmid DNA transfer in muscle fibers by using square-wave electric pulses of low field strength (less than 300 V/cm) and of long duration (more than 1 ms). Contrary to the electropermeabilization-induced uptake of small molecules into muscle fibers, plasmid DNA has to be present in the tissue during the electric pulses, suggesting a direct effect of the electric field on DNA during electrotransfer. This i.m. electrotransfer method increases reporter and therapeutic gene expression by several orders of magnitude in various muscles in mouse, rat, rabbit, and monkey. Moreover, i.m. electrotransfer strongly decreases variability. Stability of expression was observed for at least 9 months. With a pCMV-FGF1 plasmid coding for fibroblast growth factor 1, this protein was immunodetected in the majority of muscle fibers subjected to the electric pulses. DNA electrotransfer in muscle may have broad applications in gene therapy and in physiological, pharmacological, and developmental studies.

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Inactivation of microbes using ultrasound: a review

2003-04-07

P. Piyasena , Eugene Mohareb , R.C. McKellar

Efficient Gene Transfer into the Embryonic Mouse Brain Using in Vivo Electroporation

2001-12-01

Tetsuichiro Saito , Norio Nakatsuji

Electric field-induced cell-to-cell fusion

1982-12-01

U. Zimmermann , Jörg Vienken

Electric field-mediated fusion and related electrical phenomena

1982-11-01

U. Zimmermann

Thermal ablation of tumours: biological mechanisms and advances in therapy

2014-02-24

Katrina F. Chu , Damian E. Dupuy

Electroporation for the efficient transfection of mammalian cells with DNA

1987-01-01

Gilbert Chu , Hiroshi Hayakawa , Paul Berg

Journal Article Electroporation for the efficient transfection of mammalian cells with DNA Get access Gilbert Chu, Gilbert Chu Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical CenterStanford, CA 94305, USA Search for … Journal Article Electroporation for the efficient transfection of mammalian cells with DNA Get access Gilbert Chu, Gilbert Chu Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical CenterStanford, CA 94305, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hiroshi Hayakawa, Hiroshi Hayakawa Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical CenterStanford, CA 94305, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul Berg Paul Berg Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical CenterStanford, CA 94305, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 15, Issue 3, 11 February 1987, Pages 1311–1326, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/15.3.1311 Published: 11 February 1987 Article history Received: 07 July 1986 Revision received: 02 January 1987 Accepted: 05 January 1987 Published: 11 February 1987

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Primary structure of Electrophorus electricus sodium channel deduced from cDNA sequence

1984-11-01

Masaharu Noda , Shin Shimizu , Tsutomu Tanabe +7 more

Electroporation of cell membranes

1991-08-01

Tian Yow Tsong

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Recent advances in the microbiology of high pressure processing

1998-04-01

J.P.P.M. Smelt

The uses of ultrasound in food technology

1996-11-01

Timothy J. Mason , Larysa Paniwnyk , J.P. Lorimer

Expression of genes transferred into monocot and dicot plant cells by electroporation.

1985-09-01

Michael Fromm , Larry P. Taylor , Virginia Walbot

We have developed a general method for electrically introducing DNA into plant cells. Gene transfer occurs when a high-voltage electric pulse is applied to a solution containing protoplasts and DNA. … We have developed a general method for electrically introducing DNA into plant cells. Gene transfer occurs when a high-voltage electric pulse is applied to a solution containing protoplasts and DNA. Carrot protoplasts were used as a model system to optimize gene-transfer efficiency, which was measured 24-48 hr after electroporation by the amount of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity resulting from the expression of the introduced chimeric plasmids. Gene-transfer efficiency increased with the DNA concentration and was affected by the amplitude and duration of the electric pulse as well as by the composition of the electroporation medium. Our optimized gene-transfer conditions were effective when applied to tobacco and maize protoplasts, demonstrating that the method is applicable to both monocot and dicot protoplasts.

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Electroporation of mammalian skin: a mechanism to enhance transdermal drug delivery.

1993-11-15

Mark R. Prausnitz , Vanu G. Bose , Róbert Langer +1 more

Mammalian skin owes its remarkable barrier function to its outermost and dead layer, the stratum corneum. Transdermal transport through this region occurs predominantly through intercellular lipids, organized largely in bilayers. … Mammalian skin owes its remarkable barrier function to its outermost and dead layer, the stratum corneum. Transdermal transport through this region occurs predominantly through intercellular lipids, organized largely in bilayers. Electroporation is the creation of aqueous pores in lipid bilayers by the application of a short (microseconds to milliseconds) electric pulse. Our measurements suggest that electroporation occurs in the intercellular lipid bilayers of the stratum corneum by a mechanism involving transient structural changes. Flux increases up to 4 orders of magnitude were observed with human skin in vitro for three polar molecules having charges between -1 and -4 and molecular weights up to slightly more than 1000. Similar flux increases were observed in vivo with animal skin. These results may have significance for drug delivery and other medical applications.

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Basic aspects of food preservation by hurdle technology

2000-04-01

L. Leistner

High-Frequency Transformation, by Electroporation, of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i> Grown with Glycine in Osmotically Stabilized Media

1989-12-01

Helge Holo , Ingolf F. Nes

An efficient method for genetic transformation of lactococci by electroporation is presented. Highly competent lactococci for electrotransformation were obtained by growing cells in media containing high concentrations of glycine and … An efficient method for genetic transformation of lactococci by electroporation is presented. Highly competent lactococci for electrotransformation were obtained by growing cells in media containing high concentrations of glycine and 0.5 M sucrose as the osmotic stabilizers. These cells could be stored at −85°C without loss of competence. With Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris BC101, a transformation frequency of 5.7 × 10 7 transformants per μg of pIL253 DNA was obtained, which represents 5% of the surviving cells. All the lactococcal strains tested could be transformed by the present method.

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Applications of ultrasound in food technology: Processing, preservation and extraction

2010-12-17

Farid Chemat , Zill-e-Huma , Muhammad Kamran Khan

Phase I Trial of Interleukin-12 Plasmid Electroporation in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma

2008-11-25

Adil Daud , Ronald C. DeConti , Stephanie Andrews +7 more

Gene-based immunotherapy for cancer is limited by the lack of safe, efficient, reproducible, and titratable delivery methods. Direct injection of DNA into tissue, although safer than viral vectors, suffers from … Gene-based immunotherapy for cancer is limited by the lack of safe, efficient, reproducible, and titratable delivery methods. Direct injection of DNA into tissue, although safer than viral vectors, suffers from low gene transfer efficiency. In vivo electroporation, in preclinical models, significantly enhances gene transfer efficiency while retaining the safety advantages of plasmid DNA.A phase I dose escalation trial of plasmid interleukin (IL)-12 electroporation was carried out in patients with metastatic melanoma. Patients received electroporation on days 1, 5, and 8 during a single 39-day cycle, into metastatic melanoma lesions with six 100-mus pulses at a 1,300-V/cm electric field through a penetrating six-electrode array immediately after DNA injection. Pre- and post-treatment biopsies were obtained at defined time points for detailed histologic evaluation and determination of IL-12 protein levels.Twenty-four patients were treated at seven dose levels, with minimal systemic toxicity. Transient pain after electroporation was the major adverse effect. Post-treatment biopsies showed plasmid dose proportional increases in IL-12 protein levels as well as marked tumor necrosis and lymphocytic infiltrate. Two (10%) of 19 patients with nonelectroporated distant lesions and no other systemic therapy showed complete regression of all metastases, whereas eight additional patients (42%) showed disease stabilization or partial response.This report describes the first human trial, to our knowledge, of gene transfer utilizing in vivo DNA electroporation. The results indicated this modality to be safe, effective, reproducible, and titratable.

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Protectants used in the cryopreservation of microorganisms

2003-06-01

Zdeněk Hubálek

Reversible electrical breakdown of lipid bilayers: formation and evolution of pores

1988-05-01

R. Glaser , Sergey Leikin , Leonid Chernomordik +2 more

Electroporation-Based Technologies for Medicine: Principles, Applications, and Challenges

2014-06-06

Martin L. Yarmush , Alexander Golberg , Gregor Serša +2 more

When high-amplitude, short-duration pulsed electric fields are applied to cells and tissues, the permeability of the cell membranes and tissue is increased. This increase in permeability is currently explained by … When high-amplitude, short-duration pulsed electric fields are applied to cells and tissues, the permeability of the cell membranes and tissue is increased. This increase in permeability is currently explained by the temporary appearance of aqueous pores within the cell membrane, a phenomenon termed electroporation. During the past four decades, advances in fundamental and experimental electroporation research have allowed for the translation of electroporation-based technologies to the clinic. In this review, we describe the theory and current applications of electroporation in medicine and then discuss current challenges in electroporation research and barriers to a more extensive spread of these clinical applications.

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Electroporation: theory and methods, perspectives for drug delivery, gene therapy and research

2003-03-21

Julie Gehl

Abstract Electroporation designates the use of short high‐voltage pulses to overcome the barrier of the cell membrane. By applying an external electric field, which just surpasses the capacitance of the … Abstract Electroporation designates the use of short high‐voltage pulses to overcome the barrier of the cell membrane. By applying an external electric field, which just surpasses the capacitance of the cell membrane, transient and reversible breakdown of the membrane can be induced. This transient, permeabilized state can be used to load cells with a variety of different molecules, either through simple diffusion in the case of small molecules, or through electrophoretically driven processes allowing passage through the destabilized membrane – as is the case for DNA transfer. Initially developed for gene transfer, electroporation is now in use for delivery of a large variety of molecules: From ions to drugs, dyes, tracers, antibodies, and oligonucleotides to RNA and DNA. Electroporation has proven useful both in vitro, in vivo and in patients, where drug delivery to malignant tumours has been performed. Whereas initial electroporation procedures caused considerable cell damage, developments over the past decades have led to sophistication of equipment and optimization of protocols. The electroporation procedures used in many laboratories could be optimized with limited effort. This review (i) outlines the theory of electroporation, (ii) discusses factors of importance for optimization of electroporation protocols for mammalian cells, (iii) addresses particular concerns when using electroporation in vivo, e.g. effects on blood flow and considerations regarding choice of electrodes, (iv) describes DNA electrotransfer with emphasis on use in the in vivo setting, and (v) sums up data on safety and efficacy of electroporation used to enhance delivery of chemotherapy to tumours in cancer patients.

Electrochemotherapy potentiation of antitumour effect of bleomycin by local electric pulses

1991-01-01

Lluis M. Mir , Stéphane Orlowski , Jean Belehradek +1 more

Irreversible Electroporation: A New Ablation Modality — Clinical Implications

2007-02-01

Boris Rubinsky , Gary Onik , Paul Mikus

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new tissue ablation technique in which micro to millisecond electrical pulses are delivered to undesirable tissue to produce cell necrosis through irreversible cell membrane permeabilization. … Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new tissue ablation technique in which micro to millisecond electrical pulses are delivered to undesirable tissue to produce cell necrosis through irreversible cell membrane permeabilization. IRE affects only the cell membrane and no other structure in the tissue. The goal of the study is to test our IRE tissue ablation methodology in the pig liver, provide first experience results on long term histopathology of IRE ablated tissue, and discuss the clinical implications of the findings. The study consists of: a) designing an IRE ablation protocol through a mathematical analysis of the electrical field during electroporation; b) using ultrasound to position the electroporation electrodes in the predetermined locations and subsequently to monitor the process; c) applying the predetermined electrotroporation pulses; d) performing histolopathology on the treated samples for up to two weeks after the procedure; and e) correlating the mathematical analysis, ultrasound data, and histology. We observed that electroporation affects tissue in a way that can be imaged in real time with ultrasound, which should facilitate real time control of electroporation during clinical applications. We observed cell ablation to the margin of the treated lesion with several cells thickness resolution. There appears to be complete ablation to the margin of blood vessels without compromising the functionality of the blood vessels, which suggests that IRE is a promising method for treatment of tumors near blood vessels (a significant challenge with current ablation methods). Consistent with the mechanism of action of IRE on the cell membrane only, we show that the structure of bile ducts, blood vessels, and connective tissues remains intact with IRE. We report extremely rapid resolution of lesions, within two weeks, which is consistent with retention of vasculature. We also document tentative evidence for an immunological response to the ablated tissue. Last, we show that mathematical predictions with the Laplace equation can be used in treatment planning. The IRE tissue ablation technique, as characterized in this report, may become an important new tool in the surgeon armamentarium.

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Electrical breakdown, electropermeabilization and electrofusion

2006-01-25

U. Zimmermann

High efficiency transformation of E.coli by high voltage electroporation

1988-07-11

William J. Dower , Jeff F. Miller , Clifton W. Ragsdale

E. coli can be transformed to extremely high efficiencies by subjecting a mixture of cells and DNA to brief but intense electrical fields of exponential decay waveform (electroporation). We have … E. coli can be transformed to extremely high efficiencies by subjecting a mixture of cells and DNA to brief but intense electrical fields of exponential decay waveform (electroporation). We have obtained 10(9) to 10(10) transformants/micrograms with strains LE392 and DH5 alpha, and plasmids pUC18 and pBR329. The process is highly dependent on two characteristics of the electrical pulse: the electric field strength and the pulse length (RC time constant). The frequency of transformation is a linear function of the DNA concentration over at least six orders of magnitude; and the efficiency of transformation is a function of the cell concentration. Most of the surviving cells are competent with up to 80% transformed at high DNA concentration. The mechanism does not appear to include binding of the DNA to the cells prior to entry. Possible mechanisms are discussed and a simple procedure for the practical use of this technique is presented.

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Review : High-pressure, microbial inactivation and food preservation

1995-08-01

J.C. Cheftel

High pressure (1 to 10 kbars, i.e. 100-1000 MPa) affects biological constituents and systems. Several physicochemical properties of water are modified, such as the density, the ionic dissociation (and pH), … High pressure (1 to 10 kbars, i.e. 100-1000 MPa) affects biological constituents and systems. Several physicochemical properties of water are modified, such as the density, the ionic dissociation (and pH), and the melting point of ice. Pressure-induced unfolding, aggregation, and gelation of food proteins mainly depend on the effects of pressure on various noncovalent bonds and interactions. Enzyme inactivation (e.g., of ATPases) also results from similar effects, but some enzymes, including oxidative enzymes from fruits and vegetables, are strongly baroresistant. Chemical reactions, macromolecular transconformations, changes in membrane structure, or changes in crystal form and melting point that are accompanied by a decrease in volume are enhanced under pressure (and vice versa). Several of these phenomena, still poorly identified, are involved in the high inactivation ratio (5–6 logarithmic cycles) of most vegetative microbial cells: gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, complex viruses, molds, and gram-positive bacteria, in this decreasing order of sensitivity to pressure. Much variability is noted in the baroresistance of microorganisms, even within one single species or genus. Other parameters influence this resistance: pressure level, holding time (a two-phase kinetics of inactivation is often observed that prevents the calculation of decimal reduction times), temperature of pressure processing (temperatures above 50°C or between –30 and +5°C enhancing inactivation), composition of the medium or of the food (the pH having apparently little influence, but high salt or sugar concentrations, and low water contents, exerting very strong baroprotective effects). Taking into account the baroprotective effects of some food constituents and the strong resistance of some microbial strains, recent research aims at combined processes in which high pressure is associated with moderate temperature, CO 2 , other bacteriostatic agents, or to nonthermal physical processes such as ultrasounds, alternative currents, high-voltage electric pulses, and so forth. The safety and refrigerated shelf life of pressurized foods could be maintained or extended, while the sensorial quality should improve due to the reduced severity of thermal processing. Further research is, however, needed for the regulatory authorities to assess and accept these novel foods and processes.

Principles of and Advances in Percutaneous Ablation

2011-01-27

Muneeb Ahmed , Christopher L. Brace , Fred T. Lee +1 more

Image-guided tumor ablation with both thermal and nonthermal sources has received substantial attention for the treatment of many focal malignancies. Increasing interest has been accompanied by continual advances in energy … Image-guided tumor ablation with both thermal and nonthermal sources has received substantial attention for the treatment of many focal malignancies. Increasing interest has been accompanied by continual advances in energy delivery, application technique, and therapeutic combinations with the intent to improve the efficacy and/or specificity of ablative therapies. This review outlines clinical percutaneous tumor ablation technology, detailing the science, devices, techniques, technical obstacles, current trends, and future goals in percutaneous tumor ablation. Methods such as chemical ablation, cryoablation, high-temperature ablation (radiofrequency, microwave, laser, and ultrasound), and irreversible electroporation will be discussed. Advances in technique will also be covered, including combination therapies, tissue property modulation, and the role of computer modeling for treatment optimization. © RSNA, 2011

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Electrochemotherapy – An easy, highly effective and safe treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases: Results of ESOPE (European Standard Operating Procedures of Electrochemotherapy) study

2006-10-28

M. Marty , Gregor Serša , Jean Rémi Garbay +7 more

Opportunities and Challenges in High Pressure Processing of Foods

2007-01-01

Navin K. Rastogi , K.S.M.S. Raghavarao , V.M. Balasubramaniam +2 more

Consumers increasingly demand convenience foods of the highest quality in terms of natural flavor and taste, and which are free from additives and preservatives. This demand has triggered the need … Consumers increasingly demand convenience foods of the highest quality in terms of natural flavor and taste, and which are free from additives and preservatives. This demand has triggered the need for the development of a number of nonthermal approaches to food processing, of which high-pressure technology has proven to be very valuable. A number of recent publications have demonstrated novel and diverse uses of this technology. Its novel features, which include destruction of microorganisms at room temperature or lower, have made the technology commercially attractive. Enzymes and even spore forming bacteria can be inactivated by the application of pressure-thermal combinations, This review aims to identify the opportunities and challenges associated with this technology. In addition to discussing the effects of high pressure on food components, this review covers the combined effects of high pressure processing with: gamma irradiation, alternating current, ultrasound, and carbon dioxide or anti-microbial treatment. Further, the applications of this technology in various sectors—fruits and vegetables, dairy, and meat processing—have been dealt with extensively. The integration of high-pressure with other matured processing operations such as blanching, dehydration, osmotic dehydration, rehydration, frying, freezing / thawing and solid-liquid extraction has been shown to open up new processing options. The key challenges identified include: heat transfer problems and resulting non-uniformity in processing, obtaining reliable and reproducible data for process validation, lack of detailed knowledge about the interaction between high pressure, and a number of food constituents, packaging and statutory issues.

Effect of ultrasound on the technological properties and bioactivity of food: a review

2010-04-23

Ana C. Soria , Mar Villamiel

[4] Plasmid transformation of Escherichia coli and other bacteria

1991-01-01

Douglas Hanahan , Joel Jessee , F R Bloom

Review of Green Food Processing techniques. Preservation, transformation, and extraction

2017-05-02

Farid Chemat , Natacha Rombaut , Alice Meullemiestre +4 more

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Membrane Electroporation and Electropermeabilization: Mechanisms and Models

2019-02-20

Tadej Kotnik , Lea Rems , Mounir Tarek +1 more

Exposure of biological cells to high-voltage, short-duration electric pulses causes a transient increase in their plasma membrane permeability, allowing transmembrane transport of otherwise impermeant molecules. In recent years, large steps … Exposure of biological cells to high-voltage, short-duration electric pulses causes a transient increase in their plasma membrane permeability, allowing transmembrane transport of otherwise impermeant molecules. In recent years, large steps were made in the understanding of underlying events. Formation of aqueous pores in the lipid bilayer is now a widely recognized mechanism, but evidence is growing that changes to individual membrane lipids and proteins also contribute, substantiating the need for terminological distinction between electroporation and electropermeabilization. We first revisit experimental evidence for electrically induced membrane permeability, its correlation with transmembrane voltage, and continuum models of electropermeabilization that disregard the molecular-level structure and events. We then present insights from molecular-level modeling, particularly atomistic simulations that enhance understanding of pore formation, and evidence of chemical modifications of membrane lipids and functional modulation of membrane proteins affecting membrane permeability. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges to our full understanding of electroporation and electropermeabilization.

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Gene transfer into muscle by electroporation in vivo

1998-09-01

Hiroyuki Aihara , Jun–ichi Miyazaki

Electroporation and Electrofusion in Cell Biology

1989-01-01

Eberhard Neumann , Arthur E. Sowers , Carol A. Jordan

Tissue Ablation with Irreversible Electroporation

2005-02-01

Rafael V. Davalos , Lluis M. Mir , Boris Rubinsky

Comparative Analysis of Cost, Energy Efficiency, and Environmental Impact of Pulsed Electric Fields and Conventional Thermal Treatment with Integrated Heat Recovery for Fruit Juice Pasteurization

2025-06-25

Giovanni Landi , Miriam Benedetti , Matteo Sforzini +2 more | Foods

This study evaluates the feasibility of integrating pulsed electric field (PEF) technology with heat recovery for fruit juice pasteurization, comparing it to conventional high-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization. Three preheating temperature … This study evaluates the feasibility of integrating pulsed electric field (PEF) technology with heat recovery for fruit juice pasteurization, comparing it to conventional high-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization. Three preheating temperature conditions (35 °C, 45 °C, and 55 °C) and varying heat recovery efficiencies have been assessed to analyze energy consumption, economic feasibility, and environmental impact. The results indicate that, while PEF pasteurization requires a higher initial investment, it improves energy efficiency, leading to significant reductions in utility costs. Across the tested configurations, PEF technology achieved reductions in electricity consumption by up to 20%, fuel gas usage by over 60%, greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 30%, and water consumption by 25%, compared to HTST. The optimal configuration of the PEF process, featuring a 35% waste heat recovery efficiency and a pre-heating temperature of 55 °C, has been identified as the most energy-efficient and sustainable solution, effectively reducing both water consumption and CO2 emissions. A life cycle assessment has confirmed these environmental benefits, demonstrating reductions in global warming potential, fossil fuel consumption, and other impact categories. This study suggests that PEF technology can significantly contribute to more sustainable food processing by reducing environmental impacts, optimizing resource usage, and enhancing energy efficiency.

Evaluating the immune response in a murine cancer model between irreversible electroporation and an advanced biphasic pulsed electric field technology

2025-06-24

Ebtesam Nafie , Chiara Pastori , Robert E. Neal | Frontiers in Oncology

Intoduction Non-thermal ablation, including irreversible electroporation (IRE) and Aliya®, an advanced biphasic pulsed electric field (aPEF) technology, have emerged as effective tumor ablation approaches, particularly in sensitive anatomical locations. These … Intoduction Non-thermal ablation, including irreversible electroporation (IRE) and Aliya®, an advanced biphasic pulsed electric field (aPEF) technology, have emerged as effective tumor ablation approaches, particularly in sensitive anatomical locations. These methods not only ablate tumors but also may stimulate immune responses. Methods This study compares the immunological impact of biphasic aPEF and IRE in a murine breast cancer model. Equal-sized tumor ablations were performed using both technologies, followed by analysis of cytokine profiles, immune cell populations, tumor growth, and overall survival. Results aPEF induced a differentiated tumor microenvironment four days post-ablation compared to IRE, with greater intratumoral infiltration of T-cells, B-cells, increased M1 macrophages, and decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Analysis of systemic circulating immunocytes 14 days post-ablation showed elevated levels of B-cells, CD4 and CD8 T-cells (including memory subpopulations) in the aPEF-ablated groups. aPEF also resulted in better control of ablated and contralateral tumor growth, leading to improved median survival. Discussion This study demonstrates that the specific biphasic aPEF system evaluated here induces a stronger immunostimulatory effect and superior tumor control compared to IRE, supporting the notion that not all non-thermal ablation is equal, and each may be better suited to different objectives. Further clinical investigations into the potential for better clinical outcomes from this specific advanced pulsed electric field technology is warranted.

Integral Valorisation of Agri-Food By-Products Through the Production of Food Ingredients Using High-Pressure Thermal Treatments

2025-06-24

Miriam Sánchez , Jorge A. Saraiva , Carlos A. Pinto +2 more | Foods

This study investigates the production of stable ingredients with high bioactive compound content from agri-food wastes. For the valorization process, high-pressure thermal treatment (HPTT) at different temperatures (65, 75, and … This study investigates the production of stable ingredients with high bioactive compound content from agri-food wastes. For the valorization process, high-pressure thermal treatment (HPTT) at different temperatures (65, 75, and 85 °C) at 600 MPa for 5 min was applied to three by-products. These HPTTs were compared with conventional thermal treatments (TTs) carried out at the same temperatures and durations. The by-products studied were red pepper (RP) (Capsicum annuum), red wine pomace (RWP) from Tempranillo, and white wine pomace (WWP) from Cayetana, Pardina, and Montúa. Winemaking by-products presented higher fiber content compared to RP (RP 1.94%, RWP 38.14%, and WWP 34.46%). In RP, the color parameters such as lightness (L*) and redness (a*) were not significantly affected by HPTT or TT, and the total phenolic content (TPC), total carotenoid content (TCC), and antioxidant activity (ABTS) remained stable with the HPTT. The RWP and WWP were more sensitive to the HPTT, producing important color changes and reducing the bioactive compounds. Color (especially redness) showed positive correlations with TPC and ABTS, which could serve as a predictive indicator. Our study shows that HPTT can significantly improve the valorization of RP and winemaking by-products like pomace, leading to the production of a stable food ingredient characterized by high bioactive compound content.

Efficiency of Ozone Applied in Flow and at Low Pressures in the Inactivation of Salmonella in Black Peppercorns (Piper nigrum L.) and the Effects of Ozone Treatment on Grain Quality and Essential Oil Composition

2025-06-24

Handina da Graça Lurdes Langa Massango , L. R. D. Faroni , Maria Cristina Dantas Vanetti +7 more | Foods

Food contamination by Salmonella poses a significant public health risk, rendering products unfit for consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of ozone gas (O3), applied in flow and … Food contamination by Salmonella poses a significant public health risk, rendering products unfit for consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of ozone gas (O3), applied in flow and at low pressures, in inactivating Salmonella on black peppercorns (Piper nigrum L.). Samples were inoculated with a cocktail of four Salmonella serotypes and subjected to ozonation under flow or low-pressure conditions in a hypobaric chamber. For the flow treatment, ozone gas at 16 mg L−1 was humidified by passing it through a 40% (w/v) sodium chloride solution and applied for 2, 4, and 8 h. For the hypobaric chamber treatment, an inlet O3 concentration of 60 mg L−1 was used, with 10, 15, and 20 injections. The results showed that, under flow ozonation for 8 h, Salmonella was absent in 25 g of the sample. Ozone treatment increased pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), antioxidant activity (DPPH*), lightness (L*), color saturation (C*), total phenolic content (TPC), and the concentration of major essential oil compounds in all treatments. Under low-pressure ozonation, Salmonella persisted in all tested conditions, along with changes in color difference (∆E*), moisture content, TTA, DPPH*, L*, C*, pH, TPC, and the concentration of major essential oil compounds. The essential oil yield was not affected. Although the application of ozone at low pressures reduced Salmonella contamination, it was not sufficient for complete inactivation under the tested conditions. However, the flow-applied ozone treatment proved effective in the inactivation of Salmonella in black peppercorns.

Combination of Medium-High-Hydrostatic-Pressure Treatment with Post-/Pre-Heat Treatment for Pasteurization of Bacillus subtilis Spore Suspended in Soy Milk

2025-06-24

Morimatsu Kazuya | Microorganisms

Medium-high-hydrostatic-pressure (MHHP) treatment can induce the spore to germinate via activating the germination receptor, subsequently resulting in the loss of the heat resistance of the spore and finally killing the … Medium-high-hydrostatic-pressure (MHHP) treatment can induce the spore to germinate via activating the germination receptor, subsequently resulting in the loss of the heat resistance of the spore and finally killing the germinated spore, although the ungerminated spore, even after MHHP treatment, can survive. This study aims to clarify the pasteurization effect of the combination of MHHP treatment with post-/pre-heating treatment on Bacillus subtilis spores suspended in soy milk as a food model. Regarding the results, the D value, as a known heat resistance indicator of the MHHP-treated spore, decreased in comparison with the untreated spore. However, the activation energies required for killing both the untreated and the MHHP-treated spores were equivalent, which indicated that the heat conductivity of the ungerminated spores might be increased by MHHP treatment. When the spore was subjected to pre-heating treatment and subsequently to MHHP treatment, the pasteurization effect of MHHP treatment differed with the pre-heating temperature. Pre-heating treatment at 80 °C could promote pasteurization, while that at 90–100 °C could suppress it, which might be caused by the heat activation/inactivation of germination receptors. From these results, the presence of post-/pre-heat treatment could be an important factor for the pasteurization of B. subtilis spores via MHHP treatment.

Distance-dependent spatial analysis of micropattern-generated shockwave for cell-type specific intracellular delivery

2025-06-23

Aniket Mishra , Shunya Okamoto , Takayuki Shibata +3 more | Biomedical Microdevices

Abstract Intracellular delivery of therapeutic materials remains challenging, with conventional micropattern-assisted optoporation methods making it difficult to analyze the spatial effects of individual laser pulses. Here, we show that pigmented … Abstract Intracellular delivery of therapeutic materials remains challenging, with conventional micropattern-assisted optoporation methods making it difficult to analyze the spatial effects of individual laser pulses. Here, we show that pigmented SU-8 microdisks enable precise analysis of distance-dependent shockwave effects on cell membrane permeabilization, achieving delivery yields up to 60% in optimized conditions. Using 20 μm and 50 μm microdisks irradiated by nanosecond laser pulses, we discovered that larger patterns generate more extensive shockwaves leading to increased cell damage over broader ranges, while smaller patterns maintain high delivery efficiency with minimal cellular disruption. Furthermore, cellular adhesion strength critically influences treatment outcomes: strongly adherent SAOS-2 cells showed remarkable resilience while weakly adherent HEK-293 cells experienced extensive damage at greater distances. Our results demonstrate how micropattern size and cell-specific properties determine the spatial extent and efficiency of shockwave-mediated delivery, providing a framework for optimizing intracellular delivery strategies while preserving cell viability.

Improving molecule distribution and accumulation for enhanced intra-spheroid delivery in a progressive manner via modulated electric pulses

2025-06-23

Xiao-Nan Tao , Xiaowei Xiang , Haotian Liu +4 more | International Journal of Pharmaceutics

Oncological and Functional Outcomes of Hemi-Ablation Versus Focal Ablation for Localized Prostate Cancer Using Irreversible Electroporation

2025-06-22

M Suberville , Kai Zhang , Jean‐Baptiste Woillard +7 more | Cancers

Background: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel ablative treatment modality for localized prostate cancer and aims at achieving oncological control while minimizing the related side effects. We present the functional … Background: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel ablative treatment modality for localized prostate cancer and aims at achieving oncological control while minimizing the related side effects. We present the functional and oncological outcomes of focal IRE ablation versus hemi-ablation from a single-center patient series. Methods: Men with histologically confirmed low–intermediate risk prostate cancer received focal IRE ablation or hemi-ablation. All the patients were recommended an MRI-targeted fusion biopsy plus systematic biopsy at 1 year post-IRE ablation. The functional outcomes were measured by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaires. Results: In total, 106 patients were recruited in this study. The median follow-up time was 24 months (IQR 15–36). Overall, 94 patients underwent repeat prostate biopsy at 12 months after IRE. Persistent tumor was detected in 72.2% in the focal ablation group and in 31% in the hemi-ablation group (p < 0.001). Clinically significant prostate cancer (Gleason ≥ 3 + 4) was detected in 25% in the focal ablation group and in 8.6% in the hemi-ablation group (p = 0.003). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of IPSS and IIEF at each follow-up time point. Conclusion: For men with localized low–intermediate risk prostate cancer, hemi-IRE ablation treatment displayed better oncological control than focal ablation without compromising on functional or sexual outcomes.

Power Converter Design for Pulsed Electric Field-Based Milk Processing: A Proof of Concept

2025-06-21

J. Domı́nguez , Omar F. Ruiz‐Martinez , Fernando Davalos Hernandez | Foods

The microbiological safety of milk can be ensured through heat processing; however, this method has a negative effect on the sensory profile of this food product. Emerging technologies could be … The microbiological safety of milk can be ensured through heat processing; however, this method has a negative effect on the sensory profile of this food product. Emerging technologies could be used as an alternative process for guaranteeing innocuity and maintaining sensory changes. An alternative is to evaluate pulsed electric field (PEF) electroporation, which is a method of processing cells using short pulses of a strong electric field. PEF has the potential to be a type of alternative low-temperature pasteurization process that consists of high-frequency voltage pulsations. Specifically, the presented work is a proof of concept for the design of a converter capable of generating a PEF to feed a load that meets the impedance characteristics of milk. The proposed converter is simulated using PLECS software (4.9.6 version) under impedance change scenarios that emulate variations in milk throughout the entire process. This research proposes the modification of a classic Vienna rectifier (adding an MBC—Multilevel Boost Converter structure) to supply a pulsating signal that could be used for low-temperature processes of milk to guarantee proper pasteurization. The characteristics of the generated high-voltage pulse make it feasible to quickly process the real sample. The control law design considers a regulation loop to achieve a voltage in the range of kV and a switching-type control law that activates switches in MMC arrays. These switches are activated randomly to avoid transients that cause significant stress on them.

Calcium Electrochemotherapy and Challenges in Combined Treatment with Dendritic Cell Vaccination

2025-06-21

Eivina Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė , Austėja Balevičiūtė , Augustinas Želvys +7 more | Pharmaceutics

Background/Objectives: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a reliable and potent technique for managing primary tumors; however, significant efforts are being made to characterize and improve the systemic immune response, which is crucial … Background/Objectives: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a reliable and potent technique for managing primary tumors; however, significant efforts are being made to characterize and improve the systemic immune response, which is crucial for metastasis prevention. Current evidence suggests that the advancement of ECT will depend on its integration with complementary immunomodulatory methods. Methods: In this study, we examined the combined effects of calcium-based electrochemotherapy (CaECT, 1.3 kV/cm × 100 µs, eight pulses delivered at 1 Hz repetition frequency) with dendritic cell vaccination (DCV). Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC1) was used as a tumor model. We characterized the effects of CaECT alone and in combination with DCV therapy on tumor growth, analyzed the changes in immune cell subpopulations, and studied the humoral immune response dynamics on day 10, 20, and 30. Given the limited effect of DCV, additional experiments were conducted with the chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide (CP), known for its immunomodulatory properties. Results: Although CaECT demonstrated potent antitumor activity and induced a significant immune response, its combination with DCV did not result in enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The combination of CP also failed to improve median survival. Conclusions: It is concluded that CaECT is a promising alternative to standard ECT involving bleomycin or cisplatin. However, further optimization is necessary to enhance the therapeutic synergy of CaECT when combined with DCV.

Carbon footprint and cost analysis of non-thermal food processing technologies: a review with a case study on orange juice

2025-06-20

Minliang Yang , Qingyang Wang | Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems

Accelerating decarbonization in the food and beverage industry is critical to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as this sector accounts for approximately one-third of total emissions globally. Electrified, non-thermal food … Accelerating decarbonization in the food and beverage industry is critical to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as this sector accounts for approximately one-third of total emissions globally. Electrified, non-thermal food processing technologies offer promising alternatives to conventional thermal methods by improving energy efficiency and enabling cross-sectoral decarbonization. However, direct comparisons of their costs and environmental impacts remain limited due to the early-stage development of some technologies and variability in system configurations. This study provides a comprehensive review of four key non-thermal food processing technologies: high-pressure processing (HPP), pulsed electric fields (PEF), cold plasma, and ultraviolet light (UV). Using orange juice production as an illustrative case study, their industrial sustainability was evaluated through life cycle assessment (LCA) and technoeconomic analysis (TEA). Our LCA/TEA results show that, compared to conventional thermal pasteurization, orange juice processed with non-thermal technologies has slightly higher selling prices, with HPP being the most expensive. The carbon footprints of non-thermal processes are comparable to or lower than those of thermal pasteurization. This review offers valuable insights into the sustainability of various non-thermal food technologies, identifies key environmental and economic hotspots for industrial application, and serves as a guide for advancing sustainable practices in the food industry.

Investigation of the Effect of Immersion and Ultrasound Pretreatments on Some Quality Characteristics of Pears Dried in Vacuum-Assisted Double-Sided Infrared Dryer

2025-06-20

Fatma Coşkun Topuz , Serdar Uğurlu , Emre Bakkalbaşı | Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi

In this study, the effects of different immersion solutions (maltodextrin and ascorbic acid), solution concentrations (7 and 14% for maltodextrin, 0.5 and 1% for ascorbic acid), immersion times (1, 5, … In this study, the effects of different immersion solutions (maltodextrin and ascorbic acid), solution concentrations (7 and 14% for maltodextrin, 0.5 and 1% for ascorbic acid), immersion times (1, 5, and 10 minutes) and ultrasound amplitudes (0%, 50% and 100%) applied as pretreatment on pears dried in a vacuum-assisted two-way infrared dryer were investigated. Moisture, pH, and acidity values of fresh pear were determined as 81.15%, 4.50 and 0.26%, respectively. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, and total sugar values were calculated as 14.76, 26.51, 6.63, and 47.90 g 100g-1 DM, respectively. Total phenolic content amount, DPPH, and ABTS values were found to be 2461.35 mg GAE kg-1 DM, 407.76, and 206.79 mmol Trolox eq. kg-1 DM. Increasing ascorbic acid concentration prevented HMF formation with increasing ultrasound amplitude and duration, while increasing maltodextrin concentration increased HMF content, especially with increasing immersion duration. In terms of individual phenolics, ellagic acid was not detected in fresh pears, while ellagic acid was detected in dry samples together with chlorogenic acid and rutin. As the ultrasound duration applied in pretreatments increased, the amounts of all individual phenolic compounds in the samples, except for rutin, increased. In the sensory evaluation, the highest approval score was obtained from samples kept in 0.5% ascorbic acid solution and 50% ultrasound amplitude for 10 minutes. As a result, it was determined that the quality of pears dried in vacuum-supported two-way infrared dryers could be increased with the pretreatment combinations, and products with low HMF, high phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and approval levels could be produced.

Effects of Moderate Electric Field Pretreatment on the Efficiency and Nutritional Quality of Hot Air-Dried Apple Slices

2025-06-20

Deryanur Kalkavan , Neşe Şahin‐Yeşilçubuk | Foods

This study investigates the effects of electric field pretreatment parameters such as electric field strength (0.1–0.2 kV/cm), waveform (sinusoidal vs. square), and application mode (continuous vs. pulsed) on the quality … This study investigates the effects of electric field pretreatment parameters such as electric field strength (0.1–0.2 kV/cm), waveform (sinusoidal vs. square), and application mode (continuous vs. pulsed) on the quality attributes of dried Fuji apple slices, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C) retention, β-carotene content, and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation. Electric-field-treated samples were compared to untreated controls after convective drying at 75 °C. Results revealed that vitamin C was significantly influenced by waveform, with sinusoidal waves preserving about 27% more vitamin C than square waves, likely due to reduced oxidative degradation from gentler electroporation. Conversely, square waves caused the highest β-carotene losses (25% vs. control), attributed to prolonged peak voltage destabilizing carotenoids. HMF formation was reduced by 10–23% in electric-field-treated samples compared to controls, linked to accelerated drying rates limiting Maillard reaction time. Low electric field strengths (0.1–0.15 kV/cm) enhanced antioxidant activity; however, higher intensities showed a potential decline. The square waveform had a more detrimental effect on phenolic compounds than the sinusoidal waveform. These findings suggest that low electric field pretreatment, particularly with sinusoidal waveforms at 0.2 kV/cm, enhances drying efficiency while balancing nutrient retention and HMF mitigation, offering a promising strategy for producing high-quality dried fruits.

Numerical evaluation of transmembrane potential in cell aggregates in presence of lipid droplets

2025-06-19

Michele Forzan , Paolo Di Barba , Maria Evelina Mognaschi +4 more | International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics

In the paper, finite element analyses are used to study the effect of media inhomogeneity on the electric field distribution in a sample composed of extracellular matrix and cells, including … In the paper, finite element analyses are used to study the effect of media inhomogeneity on the electric field distribution in a sample composed of extracellular matrix and cells, including cells with a lipid droplet in the cytoplasm. In the model, voltage pulses, typical of electrochemotherapy treatments, are considered. The electric field distribution around cells is computed numerically; moreover, the transmembrane potential at the cell membrane is evaluated. In order to study cell behavior in different conditions either the presence of the collagen or the lipid droplet inside the cell cytoplasm are considered. The conductivity of the extracellular medium varied between plain collagen to myxoid, i.e., a gel-like matrix; the combinations of the two cases (a collagen shell around cells immersed in a myxoid environment) is considered too. An increase in the transmembrane potential was found in the case of higher aggregate and collagen presence. However, it is already known that, increasing the cell aggregation, the transmembrane potential increases as well as in the case of the presence of the collagen shell. In the paper, the effect of a lipid droplet is studied too.

Design of Ready-to-Use “Ball-in-Ball” Staphylococcus aureus Microsphere Based on Novel Cryoprotectant and Drop Freeze-Drying Technology: Effective Preservation and Application

2025-06-19

Zile Wang , Dongdong Chen , Xiaomei Zheng +6 more | Foods

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) poses a significant threat to public health and safety, and enhancing the monitoring of S. aureus in food is essential to curb and prevent foodborne transmission. … Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) poses a significant threat to public health and safety, and enhancing the monitoring of S. aureus in food is essential to curb and prevent foodborne transmission. In order to obtain strains for more convenient and rapid use in quality control or quantitative analysis, this study designed a ready-to-use "ball-in-ball" microsphere based on a novel cryoprotectant combined with drop freeze-drying technology. When using a cryoprotectant that contains 1.5% bovine serum albumin, 4.5% trehalose, 8.2% polyethylene glycol 8000, and 4.1% D-mannitol, the survival rate of S. aureus can reach 98.2 ± 2.6%. This cryoprotectant effectively prevents S. aureus from shrinking, deforming, and damaging cell walls. Additionally, it shows desirable protective efficiency for other Gram-positive bacteria. The molding of microspheres is efficient and cost-effective, demonstrating good uniformity and stability without the need for pre-freezing. The moisture content and the count of S. aureus showed no significant changes over 90 days at -20 °C. In the simulated contaminated sample, the recovery rate of S. aureus in milk and green tea was 83.1-93.7%. This study could provide a practical approach to improve the monitoring efficiency of S. aureus and shows potential as a generalized strategy for preparing ready-to-use strains related to food safety.

Nanosecond pulsed electric field applications rejuvenate aging endothelial cells by rescuing mitochondrial-to-nuclear retrograde communication

2025-06-18

Meifang Yin , Jie Xiao , Guangtao Huang +7 more | Regenerative Therapy

Processing of vitamin C-fortified sugarcane juice: the combined effect of high hydrostatic pressure and heat treatment

2025-06-18

Adriano Castelo dos Santos , Tamires de Sousa Silva , Fabiano Dos Santos Cruz +4 more | Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization

Low concentration press cake protein isolates preserve biological activity during lyophilization and spray drying

2025-06-18

Kristina Egger , Lisa Schenzle , Afonso Urich Andreina Isabel +3 more | Frontiers in Nutrition

A primary challenge in bringing cultivated meat to the market is the high cost of the cell culture media, largely due to their reliance on serum albumins. The production of … A primary challenge in bringing cultivated meat to the market is the high cost of the cell culture media, largely due to their reliance on serum albumins. The production of these albumins is anticipated to become a major bottleneck of this industry. Recently, human serum albumin (HSA) was successfully substituted with seed protein isolates from press cakes enriched with plant albumins. However, these isolates require storage at -80°C to maintain activity, as long-term storage at 4°C or lyophilization leads to aggregation and loss of biological activity. Here, we show that concentrated protein isolates from Styrian oil pumpkin can effectively substitute for human serum albumin (HSA) and support higher proliferation rates in short term experiments as compared to HSA when stored at -80°C ( p &lt; 0.001), or even when lyophilized ( p &lt; 0.01). We also demonstrate that protein isolates from Styrian oil pumpkin and rapeseed press cakes perform comparably to HSA (no significant differences) when lyophilized or even spray-dried, provided that the concentration step is omitted. Furthermore, we report protein yields that are four times higher when a more thorough grinding method is utilized. These advancements eliminate the necessity for -80°C storage, thereby facilitating the utilization of locally available press cake protein isolates in media stabilization applications.

Exploring the Role of Magnetotherapy, Laser Therapy, Electrotherapy, and Cryotherapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment: A Review

2025-06-17

Julia Kiełbratowska , Monika Lewandowski , Zofia Kwiatkowska +6 more | Quality in Sport

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune connective tissue disorder that leads to disability, impairment and premature mortality. As non-pharmacological approaches that do not interfere with existing treatments, magnetotherapy, … Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune connective tissue disorder that leads to disability, impairment and premature mortality. As non-pharmacological approaches that do not interfere with existing treatments, magnetotherapy, laser therapy, electrotherapy and cryotherapy present promising supplemental options. Although they are employed in the treatment of RA patients,their mechanisms of action and advantages are not fully understood and remain an area of ongoing research. Aim of the Study: This review explores the mechanisms of magnetotherapy, laser therapy, electrotherapy andcryotherapy and evaluates their effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, pain, and functional outcomes in RA, providing insights into their potential as a complementary treatment and identifying potential risks. Materials and Methods: A review of research literature was conducted through databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and the Cochrane Library Results: The studied methods effectively reduced pain and disease activity in RA patients. Conclusions: These methods can complement conventional treatments, but further research is needed to standardize protocols and assess risks.

Traditional and Emerging Physical Processing Technologies: Applications and Challenges in Allergen Control of Animal and Plant Proteins

2025-06-16

Lili Zhang , Vijaya Raghavan , Jin Wang | Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety

Under global food shortages and environmental challenges, the food industry is shifting from animal to plant proteins, coinciding with a rising prevalence of food allergies. Structural and functional differences between … Under global food shortages and environmental challenges, the food industry is shifting from animal to plant proteins, coinciding with a rising prevalence of food allergies. Structural and functional differences between animal and plant proteins significantly influence their allergenic potential. Traditional and emerging physical processing technologies can modify protein structures and reduce immunoreactivity without chemical additives, preserving food quality. These technologies are categorized into thermal, radiation, light, high-pressure, transient pressure, mechanical wave, plasma, and electric field effects. Cold plasma is particularly effective in modifying protein structures by generating reactive species. High hydrostatic pressure also demonstrates significant potential, particularly when combined with heat treatment. Ultrasound, especially when integrated with other methods (e.g., enzymatic hydrolysis or glycosylation), offers versatile and cost-effective solutions. Microwave heating remains a practical option due to its efficiency and scalability, while gamma irradiation remains an effective tool for allergen reduction despite its regulatory and consumer acceptance challenges. Low-allergenic processed foods can induce oral tolerance in allergic individuals, necessitating comprehensive safety evaluations covering allergenicity, toxicity, and nutrition. Unintentional allergens in food processing pose risks, and current regulations are insufficient. International organizations have proposed precautionary allergen labeling to protect consumers. While processing technologies cannot fully eliminate allergenicity, optimized selection can mitigate risks. Future research should focus on their impact on functional properties, nutritional value, safety, cost, and production efficiency to ensure safe and effective application in the food industry.

New insights into the repair mechanisms of sublethally injured Staphylococcus aureus induced by ohmic heating: A joint analysis using transcriptomics and metabolomics unveils wave-like repair pattern

2025-06-14

Han Wang , Yingying Sun , Yana Liu +4 more | Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies

880-P: Effects of Energy Dosing on Safety and Efficacy in an Open-Label Study of Endoscopic Pulsed Electric Field Induced Electroporation in Type 2 Diabetes (REGENT-1 Trial)

2025-06-13

DAVID N. O'NEAL , Adrian Sartoretto , Sujievvan Chandran +7 more | Diabetes

Introduction and Objective: The ReCET™ System (endoscopic Re-Cellularization via Electroporation Therapy) uses pulsed electric field (PEF), to induce duodenal mucosal apoptotic-like cell death followed by regeneration. We evaluated the intervention … Introduction and Objective: The ReCET™ System (endoscopic Re-Cellularization via Electroporation Therapy) uses pulsed electric field (PEF), to induce duodenal mucosal apoptotic-like cell death followed by regeneration. We evaluated the intervention energy dose on metabolic outcomes. Methods: REGENT-1 studied PEF therapy at three doses in T2D adults on 1-4 non-insulin agents. Group 1) Gen 1 catheter 600V, single treatment (n=12); Group 2) Gen 1 catheter, 600V, double treatment (n=18); and Group 3) Gen 2 catheter (increased treated surface area [TSA]), double treatment 750V (n=21). Primary endpoint: Serious adverse events (SAEs). Secondary endpoints included metabolic changes at 24 and 48 weeks. Results: One intervention related SAE occurred in 51 participants (age 52.9±7.9 years, BMI 31.4±3.5 kg/m², baseline HbA1c 8.7±0.9%[72±9mmol/mol]). Other device/procedure-related adverse events (76 events in 47/51 participants) were mild and transient. Increased PEF dose (two applications, and higher voltage plus larger catheter diameter) correlated with metabolic improvements at 24 and 48 weeks. (Table 1) Conclusion: PEF-induced duodenal regeneration with the ReCET System resulted in improved metabolic outcomes that were dose-dependent. These promising findings suggest that further research is warranted. Disclosure D.N. O'Neal: None. A. Sartoretto: Research Support; Endogenex. Advisory Panel; Bariatek. Research Support; Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH. Consultant; Boston Scientific Corporation. Speaker's Bureau; Menarini. S. Chandran: None. R. Vaughan: None. B. Holt: None. A.J. Thompson: Other Relationship; Endogenex. G. Cameron: None. B. AbuDayyeh: Other Relationship; Endogenex. Consultant; Boston Scientific Corporation, Metronics, Olympus. R.E. Pratley: Consultant; AbbVie Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Altanine, Inc. Consultant; Amgen Inc, AstraZeneca. Other Relationship; Bayer AG, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Biomea Fusion. Consultant; Boehringer-Ingelheim. Other Relationship; Carmot Therapeutics, Inc, Corcept Therapeutics, Dompé, Eli Lilly and Company, Endogenex. Consultant; Endogenex. Other Relationship; Fractyl Health, Inc., Gasherbrum Bio, Inc. Consultant; Genprex, Getz Pharma, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Lilly USA LLC. Speaker's Bureau; Lilly USA LLC. Other Relationship; Metavention, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk. Speaker's Bureau; Novo Nordisk. Other Relationship; Pfizer Inc, Poxel SA. Consultant; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. Other Relationship; Sanofi. Consultant; Scholar Rock. Other Relationship; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. C.H. Sorli: Employee; Endogenex. E.I. Ekinci: Research Support; Amgen Inc, Novo Nordisk, Lilly Diabetes, AstraZeneca, Endogenex, Versanis. Advisory Panel; Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk.

Electroacoustic tomography with dual-frequency array for real-time monitoring of electroporation

2025-06-13

Luke Xu , Yifei Xu , Liangzhong Xiang | Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences

An Electroporation Cytometry Protocol for Live-Cell, Fluorescence Microscopy Using U2 OS Cell Culture

2025-06-13

Thomas Nesmith , Christian Vieira , Darius G. Rackus +1 more | Journal of Visualized Experiments

Approaches for Measuring and Predicting Fouling During Thermal Processing of Dairy Solutions

2025-06-13

Justyna Tarapata , Tara R. Murphy , Eoin W. Finnegan +2 more | Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety

ABSTRACT Fouling during the thermal processing of dairy products remains a significant challenge, reducing operational efficiency, increasing energy consumption, and complicating cleaning cycles. This review critically assesses current methods for … ABSTRACT Fouling during the thermal processing of dairy products remains a significant challenge, reducing operational efficiency, increasing energy consumption, and complicating cleaning cycles. This review critically assesses current methods for measuring and predicting fouling during thermal processing in the dairy industry, emphasizing scientific principles, technical maturity, and industrial applicability. Unlike existing reviews, which are mostly focused on fouling quantification, this work highlights the shift toward prediction‐driven approaches for fouling control and minimization. Traditional measurement techniques, such as monitoring thermal resistance and pressure drop, are evaluated alongside emerging methods, including acoustic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical sensors. Their respective limitations and strengths are discussed in terms of sensitivity, scalability, and industrial robustness. Advanced predictive tools, including deep learning, computational fluid dynamics, and dimensional analysis techniques, are explored for their ability to model the dynamic nature of fouling and support real‐time decision‐making. The integration of artificial intelligence with real‐time process data acquisition is identified as a key innovation for improving fouling management and optimizing cleaning schedules. The review also considers the importance of small‐scale experimental systems in linking laboratory‐scale research with industrial applications. Development and utilization of tools for enhanced process efficiency through prediction, prevention, and control of in‐process fouling are growing. Greater control in this regard offers substantial opportunity to meet future challenges in process optimization, shorten cleaning‐in‐place times, and advance sustainable dairy manufacturing through real‐time monitoring, predictive analytics, and industrial‐scale implementation. Addressing these challenges will require a multidisciplinary approach between researchers, engineers, and industry stakeholders to translate emerging technologies into practical, scalable solutions.

Percutaneous Electrochemotherapy as a Bridge to Surgery in a Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Biliary Invasion and Liver Dysfunction: From Rescue to Cure

2025-06-05

Claudio Sallemi , M. Parmigiani , Edoardo Vincenzo Andreani +3 more | CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology

Bronchoscopic Pulsed Electric Field for Ablation and Inmunomodulation in Early-Stage Non-Small Lung Cancer: A case report

2025-06-01

Borja Recalde‐Zamacona , Andrés Giménez , Javier Alfayate +3 more | Open Respiratory Archives

Combination of slightly electrolyzed water and ultraviolet light for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus-induced skin abscesses in mice by effective inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus

2025-06-01

Jiahong Han , Yao Zang , Haojie Zhu +7 more | Journal of Microbiological Methods

Towards safer fruit and vegetable products: Global meta-regression modelling vegetative pathogen inactivation by non-thermal high-pressure processing

2025-06-01

Berta Torrents-Masoliver , Cristina Serra-Castelló , Anna Jofré +2 more | Food Research International

Techno-Economic Evaluation of Pulsed Electric Field Technology in Polyphenol Extraction from Red Grape Pomace

2025-06-01

Farid Soltanipour , Francesco Donsı̀ , Giovanna Ferrari | Food and Bioproducts Processing

Design, Construction, and Evaluation of a Combined Atmospheric Cold Plasma‐Pulsed Electric Field Spraying System for Pasteurization of Sour Cherry Juice

2025-06-01

Farhad Jamali‐Hafshejani , Bahram Hosseinzadeh Samani , Kimia Taki +1 more | Food Science & Nutrition

This study developed a nonthermal pasteurization method for heat-sensitive sour cherry juice using hurdle technology, combining atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) and pulsed electric field (PEF) to reduce microbial load while … This study developed a nonthermal pasteurization method for heat-sensitive sour cherry juice using hurdle technology, combining atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) and pulsed electric field (PEF) to reduce microbial load while preserving bioactive compounds. The effects of PEF intensity (5-10 kV/cm), exposure time (5-35 s), argon-to-air ratio (0-1), and plasma jet-nozzle angle (0°-90°) on Escherichia coli inactivation in the ACP-PEF system were assessed. Exposure time was the dominant factor in E. coli reduction. Optimal conditions of PEF intensity of 10 kV/cm, 35 s exposure, 0.63 argon-to-air ratio, and 3.44° jet-nozzle angle yielded a 5.73-log E. coli reduction. Compared to individual PEF or ACP treatments, the combined system showed a synergistic effect, enhancing microbial inactivation. Compared to conventional thermal processing, ACP-PEF better preserved juice quality, with minimal changes in total phenolic compounds (TPC), anthocyanin content (TAC), ascorbic acid, and color indices. This integrated approach ensures effective microbial control while maintaining sour cherry juice's sensory and nutritional attributes, offering a promising alternative to traditional methods.

Endoscopic calcium electroporation in patients with precancerous cellular changes in the esophagus

2025-06-01

Laser Arif Bazancir , Charlotte Egeland , Rajendra Singh Garbyal +2 more | European Journal of Surgical Oncology

Distribution of Kinetic and Thermal Processing Parameters Based On α‐Amylase Inactivation Data

2025-06-01

Nikolaos G. Stoforos , Maria Kontopanou , Maria C. Giannakourou | Journal of Food Science

Knowing the thermal inactivation kinetic parameters of microorganisms and enzymes in foods is critical to ensure final product's quality and safety. In the present work, thermal inactivation kinetics for α-amylase, … Knowing the thermal inactivation kinetic parameters of microorganisms and enzymes in foods is critical to ensure final product's quality and safety. In the present work, thermal inactivation kinetics for α-amylase, produced by Aspergillus oryzae, were studied at four different temperatures of 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C. Selected kinetic parameters, namely, the decimal reduction time, DT (min), and the z value (°C), and their frequency distribution were estimated by analyzing the obtained experimental results through a stochastic Monte Carlo procedure. A proper mathematical correction to account for the initial temperature rise and the final temperature drop of the samples, using the F value concept, was employed. From 60,000 calculated paired values, the D75°C and z values of α-amylase were found to be normally distributed with mean values estimated as 4.22 ± 0.63 min and 13.00°C ± 0.98°C, respectively, for the ±values indicating the 99% confidence interval of the estimates. As an application of the proposed procedure and its findings, the effect of the variation of the thermal inactivation kinetic parameters on lethality calculations of a thermal process was assessed. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Stochastic analysis is useful in practical issues such as thermal processing and enzyme inactivation, characterized by nonlinear dynamics and multiple interacting variables, where efficient optimization approaches are essential. This article presents a methodology on the stochastic assessment of thermal inactivation kinetic parameters, DT ref and z, using a Monte Carlo multiple scheme. The effect of parameter variation on lethality calculations was thereafter evaluated during in container thermal processing of a conduction and a convection heating product. For reliable lethality calculations, only the frequency distribution of each parameter is required, avoiding the necessity of having paired values of the kinetic parameters.