Engineering › Mechanical Engineering

Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies

Works Count: 54789

Wikipedia

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the advancements in desulfurization technologies for producing ultra-clean gasoline, diesel fuel, and jet fuel. It covers topics such as catalytic hydrodeoxygenation, oxidative desulfurization, use of ionic liquids, bio-oils upgrading, and the development of novel heterogeneous catalysts.

Keywords

Desulfurization; Hydrodeoxygenation; Catalytic; Ultra-clean fuels; Ionic liquids; Bio-oils upgrading; Heterogeneous catalysts; Oxidative processes; Metal phosphides; Adsorptive selectivity

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

2008-01-16

G. Ertl , Helmut Knözinger , Ferdi Schüth +1 more

Preparation of Solid Catalysts. Characterization of Solid Catalysts. Model Systems. Elementary Steps and Mechanisms. Kinetics and Transport Processes. Deactivation and Regeneration. Special Catalytic Systems. Laboratory Reactors. Reaction Engineering. Environmental Catalysis. … Preparation of Solid Catalysts. Characterization of Solid Catalysts. Model Systems. Elementary Steps and Mechanisms. Kinetics and Transport Processes. Deactivation and Regeneration. Special Catalytic Systems. Laboratory Reactors. Reaction Engineering. Environmental Catalysis. Inorganic Reactions. Energy-related Catalysis. Organic Reactions.

ASCORBIC ACID IN AROMATIC HYDROXYLATION

1954-06-01

Sidney Udenfriend , Carroll T. Clark , Julius Axelrod +1 more

Upgrading of lignin-derived bio-oils by catalytic hydrodeoxygenation

2013-11-11

Majid Saidi , Fereshteh Samimi , Dornaz Karimipourfard +3 more

The incentive for use of renewable resources to replace fossil sources is motivating extensive research on new and alternative fuels derived from biomass. Bio-oils derived from cellulosic biomass offer the … The incentive for use of renewable resources to replace fossil sources is motivating extensive research on new and alternative fuels derived from biomass. Bio-oils derived from cellulosic biomass offer the prospect of becoming a major feedstock for production of fuels and chemicals, and lignin is a plentiful, underutilized component of cellulosic biomass. Lignin conversion requires depolymerization and removal of oxygen. Likely processes for lignin conversion involve depolymerization (e.g., by pyrolysis) and catalytic upgrading of the resultant bio-oils. A major goal of the upgrading is catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), which involves reactions with hydrogen that produce hydrocarbons and water. The aim of this review is to present a critical introduction to HDO chemistry focused on compounds derived from lignin, including a summary of HDO reactions and those that accompany them, with a comparison of catalysts addressing their activities, selectivities, and stabilities. The reactions are evaluated in terms of reaction pathways of compounds representative of lignin-derived bio-oils, including anisole, guaiacol, and phenol. The review includes recommendations for further research and an attempt to place HDO in a context of options for renewable fuels and chemicals, but it does not provide an economic assessment.

Desulfurization of Transportation Fuels with Zeolites Under Ambient Conditions

2003-07-03

Ralph T. Yang , Arturo J. Hernández‐Maldonado , Frances H. Yang

Deep desulfurization of transportation fuels (gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels) is being mandated by U.S. and foreign governments and is also needed for future fuel cell applications. However, it is … Deep desulfurization of transportation fuels (gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels) is being mandated by U.S. and foreign governments and is also needed for future fuel cell applications. However, it is extremely difficult and costly to achieve with current technology, which requires catalytic reactors operated at high pressure and temperature. We show that Cu+ and Ag+ zeolite Y can adsorb sulfur compounds from commercial fuels selectively and with high sulfur capacities (by pi complexation) at ambient temperature and pressure. Thus, the sulfur content was reduced from 430 to <0.2 parts per million by weight in a commercial diesel at a sorbent capacity of 34 cubic centimeters of clean diesel produced per gram of sorbent. This sulfur selectivity and capacity are orders of magnitude higher than those obtained by previously known sorbents.

Highly Selective Catalytic Conversion of Phenolic Bio‐Oil to Alkanes

2009-04-29

Chen Zhao , Yuan Kou , Angeliki A. Lemonidou +2 more

Oil and water: A new energy-efficient and atom-economical catalytic route for the production of alkanes and methanol by upgrading the phenolic fraction of bio-oil has been developed. The one-pot aqueous-phase … Oil and water: A new energy-efficient and atom-economical catalytic route for the production of alkanes and methanol by upgrading the phenolic fraction of bio-oil has been developed. The one-pot aqueous-phase hydrodeoxygenation process is based on two catalysts facilitating consecutive hydrogenation, hydrolysis, and dehydration reactions.

Historical Developments in Hydroprocessing Bio-oils

2007-05-01

Douglas C. Elliott

This paper is a review of the developments in the field of catalytic hydroprocessing of biomass-derived liquefaction conversion products (bio-oil) over the past 25 years. Work has been underway, primarily … This paper is a review of the developments in the field of catalytic hydroprocessing of biomass-derived liquefaction conversion products (bio-oil) over the past 25 years. Work has been underway, primarily in the U.S. and Europe, in catalytic hydrotreating and hydrocracking of bio-oil in both batch-fed and continuous-flow bench-scale reactor systems. A range of heterogeneous catalyst materials have been tested, including conventional sulfided catalysts developed for petroleum hydroprocessing and precious metal catalysts. The important processing differences have been identified, which required adjustments to conventional hydroprocessing as applied to petroleum feedstocks. This application of hydroprocessing is seen as an extension of petroleum processing and system requirements are not far outside the range of conventional hydroprocessing. The technology is still under development but can play a significant role in supplementing increasingly expensive petroleum.

Oxidations carried out by means of vanadium oxide catalysts

1954-01-01

P. Mars , D.W. Van Krevelen

Biodiesel made with sugar catalyst

2005-11-01

Masakazu Toda , Atsushi Takagaki , Mai Okamura +4 more

View PDF Chat

An overview of new approaches to deep desulfurization for ultra-clean gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel

2003-10-08

Chunshan Song

Tests for Transport Limitations in Experimental Catalytic Reactors

1971-10-01

Derrick Mears

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTests for Transport Limitations in Experimental Catalytic ReactorsD. E. MearsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1971, 10, 4, 541–547Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1971Publication History Published … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTests for Transport Limitations in Experimental Catalytic ReactorsD. E. MearsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1971, 10, 4, 541–547Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260040a020https://doi.org/10.1021/i260040a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4008Altmetric-Citations585LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

Reactivities, reaction networks, and kinetics in high-pressure catalytic hydroprocessing

1991-09-01

Michael Girgis , Bruce C. Gates

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactivities, reaction networks, and kinetics in high-pressure catalytic hydroprocessingMichael J. Girgis and Bruce C. GatesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 9, 2021–2058Publication Date (Print):September 1, … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactivities, reaction networks, and kinetics in high-pressure catalytic hydroprocessingMichael J. Girgis and Bruce C. GatesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 9, 2021–2058Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00057a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00057a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4376Altmetric-Citations757LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Structure-Function Relations in Molybdenum Sulfide Catalysts: The "Rim-Edge" Model

1994-10-01

M. Daage , Russell R. Chianelli

An overview of hydrogen production technologies

2008-10-22

Jamelyn Holladay , Jianli Hu , D.L. King +1 more

Surface Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbides

2004-12-21

Henry H. Hwu , Jingguang G. Chen

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface Chemistry of Transition Metal CarbidesHenry H. Hwu and Jingguang G. ChenView Author Information Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Catalytic … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface Chemistry of Transition Metal CarbidesHenry H. Hwu and Jingguang G. ChenView Author Information Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Catalytic Science and Technology (CCST), University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1, 185–212Publication Date (Web):December 21, 2004Publication History Received17 March 2004Published online21 December 2004Published inissue 12 January 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0204606https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0204606research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9369Altmetric-Citations665LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Desorption,Hydrocarbons,Inorganic carbon compounds,Metals,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts

Aromatic Hydrogenation Catalysis: A Review

1994-02-01

Antonymuthu Stanislaus , Barry H. Cooper

Abstract High aromatic content in diesel fuel has been recognized both to lower the fuel quality and to contribute significantly to the formation of undesired emissions in exhaust gases [1, … Abstract High aromatic content in diesel fuel has been recognized both to lower the fuel quality and to contribute significantly to the formation of undesired emissions in exhaust gases [1, 2]. Because of the health hazards associated with these emissions, environmental regulations governing the composition of diesel fuels are being tightened in both Europe and the United States, leading to limitations on aromatics [3, 4].

Oxidative Desulfurization of Light Gas Oil and Vacuum Gas Oil by Oxidation and Solvent Extraction

2000-10-14

Shujiro Otsuki , Takeshi NONAKA , Noriko Takashima +4 more

The oxidation of model sulfur compounds (thiophene derivatives, benzothiophene derivatives, and dibenzothiophene derivatives), straight run-light gas oil (SR-LGO, S: 1.35 wt %), and vacuum gas oil (VGO, S: 2.17 wt … The oxidation of model sulfur compounds (thiophene derivatives, benzothiophene derivatives, and dibenzothiophene derivatives), straight run-light gas oil (SR-LGO, S: 1.35 wt %), and vacuum gas oil (VGO, S: 2.17 wt %) were conducted with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid. The thiophene derivatives with 5.696 to 5.716 electron densities on the sulfur atoms could not be oxidized at 50 °C. Benzo[b]thiophene with 5.739 electron density and other benzothiophene and dibenzothiophenes with higher electron densities could be oxidized. The sulfur compounds in SR-LGO and VGO appeared to be oxidized to a detectable levels (c.a., 0.01 wt % S) by GC-FPD analysis. The IR spectra of oxidized SR-LGO and VGO showed that sulfones were formed by oxidation. The removal of sulfur compounds by extraction became more effective for the oxidized samples than for the original samples. Lighter sulfur compounds were preferentially extracted. The extraction efficiencies of solvents, i.e., N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile (ACN), methanol, varied greatly. The most effective solvent for the removal of sulfur compounds was DMF. The recovery of oil was, however, lowest with DMF.

Introduction to surface chemistry and catalysis

2011-03-01

Gabor A. Somorjai , Brian E. Bent

Preface. Introduction. 1 Surfaces: An Introduction. 2 The Structure of Surfaces. 3 Thermodynamics of Surfaces. 4 Dynamics at Surfaces. 5 Electrical Properties of Surfaces. 6 Surface Chemical Bond. 7 Mechanical … Preface. Introduction. 1 Surfaces: An Introduction. 2 The Structure of Surfaces. 3 Thermodynamics of Surfaces. 4 Dynamics at Surfaces. 5 Electrical Properties of Surfaces. 6 Surface Chemical Bond. 7 Mechanical Properties of Surfaces. 8 Polymer Surfaces and Biointerfaces. 9 Catalysis by Surfaces. Index.

Transition metal phosphide hydroprocessing catalysts: A review

2008-11-07

S. Ted Oyama , Travis Gott , Haiyan Zhao +1 more

Structure and Function of the Catalyst and the Promoter in Co—Mo Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts

1989-02-01

R. Prins , V.H.J. de Beer , G.A. Somorjai

Etude de la structure d'un catalyseur utilise pour une hydrodesulfuration et plus particulierement etude de la localisation et de la structure des ions molybdene et cobalt a la surface de … Etude de la structure d'un catalyseur utilise pour une hydrodesulfuration et plus particulierement etude de la localisation et de la structure des ions molybdene et cobalt a la surface de l'alumine. Discussion sur le role d'un promoteur modifiant un catalyseur, notamment determination du nombre de sites actifs

View PDF Chat

Deactivation of hydroprocessing catalysts

1999-09-27

Edward Furimsky , Franklin E. Massoth

Recent Advances in Catalytic Conversion of Ethanol to Chemicals

2014-02-12

Junming Sun , Yong Wang

With increased availability and decreased cost, ethanol is potentially a promising platform molecule for the production of a variety of value-added chemicals. In this review, we provide a detailed summary … With increased availability and decreased cost, ethanol is potentially a promising platform molecule for the production of a variety of value-added chemicals. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of recent advances in catalytic conversion of ethanol to a wide range of chemicals and fuels. We particularly focus on catalyst advances and fundamental understanding of reaction mechanisms involved in ethanol steam reforming (ESR) to produce hydrogen, ethanol conversion to hydrocarbons ranging from light olefins to longer chain alkenes/alkanes and aromatics, and ethanol conversion to other oxygenates including 1-butanol, acetaldehyde, acetone, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate.

Science and technology of novel processes for deep desulfurization of oil refinery streams: a review⋆

2003-01-30

Igor V. Babich

A review of recent advances on process technologies for upgrading of heavy oils and residua

2006-09-08

Mohan S. Rana , Vicente Sámano , Jorge Ancheyta +1 more

Catalytic Aluminas: Surface Models and Characterization of Surface Sites

1978-01-01

Helmut Knözinger , P. Ratnasamy

Abstract Aluminas have been used extensively as adsorbenu and active catalysrs and catalyst supponsm the pas. Already in 1197 the aluminadyzed dehydration of ettllnoi was dtscavered by Dutch chermsts: and … Abstract Aluminas have been used extensively as adsorbenu and active catalysrs and catalyst supponsm the pas. Already in 1197 the aluminadyzed dehydration of ettllnoi was dtscavered by Dutch chermsts: and S;rbatier [3] remewed the use of dumlnas as active cazaiysrs far vanous reacttons UI the second decade of thu century. She that time the applicazions of aluuuas m dycic pmcesses have mcreased tremendously. In tndustrral cualytic pmcesses, alumuus are mostiy used as catalyst suppons [4]. Oxides a d mued oxides ap well as tracuuion mauls and noble meare supported oa alumma. Thuscb. romaa-elumana catalysts are ktng used for the conversion of parafdns to olailnrc hydrocarbons, 10 hydrodealkplation of aromatics. and to a lesser exzm in catalyzic reforming. The larter process LS also caralyzed by molybdena-alumina, a cavlyst system whid is also active for malang toluene and ocher aromatics from satwed hydrocarc bons. It also dyzes the Isomerhation of pm. Great efions are presently be-made to nudy the surface chemlstry of these molybdena-alumma ysfs [5, 6]. The great mterest LD. ttuS catalyst and its detailed nature and properties are certadp reiated to the enormous imnortance of cobalt oxade-molybdenum omde-nlumlna as a widely u5ed Caulytic system for hydrodesuUunzaim, hydmdeoirrogemion, and hydmcracklng reacttans. Cenaialy one of the most imporrant appllcations of alumbas is its use as a support for nobie met tn cazalpzic reformtng, My, dunsinas may also be used as supports for the immobilt.? tioa of mommuclear complexes and of polynucieu me clusters, a fleld which hs recently begun to attraa the Wrest of cacaiytic chamlsts [7, 8].

Hydrodesulfurization catalysis by transition metal sulfides

1981-02-01

T.A. Pecoraro

A review of catalytic upgrading of bio-oil to engine fuels

2011-09-09

Peter Mortensen , Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt , Peter Arendt Jensen +2 more

XPS study of as-prepared and reduced molybdenum oxides

1996-02-01

J.-G. Choi , Levi T. Thompson

Preparation and catalytic properties of transition metal carbides and nitrides

1992-06-01

S. Ted Oyama

New design approaches to ultra-clean diesel fuels by deep desulfurization and deep dearomatization

2003-03-01

Chunshan Song , Xiaoliang Ma

Novel catalysts for advanced hydroprocessing: transition metal phosphides

2003-05-01

S. Ted Oyama

Engineering Carbon Materials from the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process of Biomass

2010-01-14

Bo Hu , Kan Wang , Liheng Wu +3 more

Energy shortage, environmental crisis, and developing customer demands have driven people to find facile, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and nontoxic routes to produce novel functional materials that can be commercialized in … Energy shortage, environmental crisis, and developing customer demands have driven people to find facile, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and nontoxic routes to produce novel functional materials that can be commercialized in the near future. Amongst various techniques, the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process of biomass (either of isolated carbohydrates or crude plants) is a promising candidate for the synthesis of novel carbon-based materials with a wide variety of potential applications. In this Review, we will discuss various synthetic routes towards such novel carbon-based materials or composites via the HTC process of biomass. Furthermore, factors that influence the carbonization process will be analyzed and the special chemical/physical properties of the final products will be discussed. Despite the lack of a clear mechanism, these novel carbonaceous materials have already shown promising applications in many fields such as carbon fixation, water purification, fuel cell catalysis, energy storage, CO(2) sequestration, bioimaging, drug delivery, and gas sensors. Some of the most promising examples will also be discussed here, demonstrating that the HTC process can rationally design a rich family of carbonaceous and hybrid functional carbon materials with important applications in a sustainable fashion.

Processing biomass in conventional oil refineries: Production of high quality diesel by hydrotreating vegetable oils in heavy vacuum oil mixtures

2007-07-08

George W. Huber , Paul O’Connor , Avelino Corma

Recent advances in the science and technology of ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) production

2010-06-17

Antony Stanislaus , Abdulazeem M.J. Marafi , Mohan S. Rana

An evaluation of desulfurization technologies for sulfur removal from liquid fuels

2011-12-05

Vimal Chandra Srivastava

Sulfur compounds represent one of the most common impurities present in the crude oil. Sulfur in liquid fuel oil leads directly to the emission of SO2 and sulfate particulate matter … Sulfur compounds represent one of the most common impurities present in the crude oil. Sulfur in liquid fuel oil leads directly to the emission of SO2 and sulfate particulate matter (SPM) that endangers public health and community property; and reduces the life of the engine due to corrosion. Furthermore, the sulfur compounds in the exhaust gases of diesel engines can significantly impair the emission control technology designed to meet NOx and SPM emission standards. The research efforts for developing conventional hydrodesulfurization and alternative desulfurization methods such as selective adsorption, biodesulfurization, oxidation/extraction (oxidative desulfurization), etc. for removing these refractory sulfur compounds from petroleum products are on the rise. Research laboratories and refineries are spending huge amounts of money in finding a viable and feasible solution to reduce sulfur to a concentration of less than 10 mg l−1. This paper reviews the current status in detail of various desulphurization techniques being studied worldwide. It presents an overview of novel emerging technologies for ultra-deep desulfurization so as to produce ultra-low-sulfur fuels.

Recent Advances in Hydrotreating of Pyrolysis Bio-Oil and Its Oxygen-Containing Model Compounds

2013-04-09

Huamin Wang , Jonathan L. Male , Yong Wang

Considerable worldwide interest exists in discovering renewable energy sources that can substitute for fossil fuels. Lignocellulosic biomass, the most abundant and inexpensive renewable feedstock on the planet, has a great … Considerable worldwide interest exists in discovering renewable energy sources that can substitute for fossil fuels. Lignocellulosic biomass, the most abundant and inexpensive renewable feedstock on the planet, has a great potential for sustainable production of fuels, chemicals, and carbon-based materials. Fast pyrolysis integrated with hydrotreating, one of the simplest, most cost-effective, and most efficient processes to convert lignocellulosic biomass to liquid hydrocarbon fuels for transportation, has attracted significant attention in recent decades. However, effective hydrotreating of pyrolysis bio-oil presents a daunting challenge to the commercialization of biomass conversion via pyrolysis-hydrotreating. Specifically, the development of active, selective, and stable hydrotreating catalysts is problematic due to the poor quality of current pyrolysis bio-oil feedstock (i.e., high oxygen content, molecular complexity, coking propensity, and corrosiveness). Significant research has been conducted to address the practical issues and provide fundamental understanding of hydrotreating and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oils and their oxygen-containing model compounds, including phenolics, furans, and carboxylic acids. A wide range of catalysts have been studied, including conventional Mo-based sulfide catalysts and noble metal catalysts. Noble metal catalysts have been the primary focus of recent research because of their excellent catalytic performances and because they do not require the use of environmentally unfriendly sulfur. Recently, the reaction mechanisms of the HDO of model compounds on noble metal catalysts and their efficacy for hydrotreating or stabilization of bio-oil have been reported. This review provides a survey of relevant literature, published over the past decade, reporting advances in the understanding of the HDO chemistry of bio-oils and their model compounds, mainly on noble metal catalysts.

Production of Hydrogen from Ethanol: Review of Reaction Mechanism and Catalyst Deactivation

2012-05-23

Lisiane V. Mattos , Gary Jacobs , Burtron H. Davis +1 more

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTProduction of Hydrogen from Ethanol: Review of Reaction Mechanism and Catalyst DeactivationLisiane V. Mattos†, Gary Jacobs‡, Burtron H. Davis‡, and Fábio B. Noronha*§View Author Information† Departamento de … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTProduction of Hydrogen from Ethanol: Review of Reaction Mechanism and Catalyst DeactivationLisiane V. Mattos†, Gary Jacobs‡, Burtron H. Davis‡, and Fábio B. Noronha*§View Author Information† Departamento de Engenharia Química e de Petróleo, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rua Passo da Pátria, 156-CEP 24210-240, Niterói, RJ, Brazil‡ Center for Applied Energy Research, The University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States § Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia−INT, Av. Venezuela 82, CEP 20081-312, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil*E-mail: [email protected]. Tel.: (55 21) 2123 1177. Fax: (55 21) 2123 1166.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 7, 4094–4123Publication Date (Web):May 23, 2012Publication History Received6 January 2011Published online23 May 2012Published inissue 11 July 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr2000114https://doi.org/10.1021/cr2000114review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13844Altmetric-Citations638LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Catalysts,Ethanol,Metals,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts

Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds

2002-02-22

UHTCs: Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Materials for Extreme Environment Applications

2007-12-01

Eric Wuchina , Elizabeth J. Opila , Mark M. Opeka +2 more

3000°C. That’s not just hot … it’s EXTREMELY hot. It is above the melting or decomposition temperatures for most of the materials known to man. But in the world of … 3000°C. That’s not just hot … it’s EXTREMELY hot. It is above the melting or decomposition temperatures for most of the materials known to man. But in the world of extreme environment engineering, it is just a baseline.

MoS2 monolayer catalyst doped with isolated Co atoms for the hydrodeoxygenation reaction

2017-03-06

Guoliang Liu , Alex W. Robertson , Molly Meng‐Jung Li +7 more

View PDF Chat

Hydrothermal Preparation of Uniform Nanosize Rutile and Anatase Particles

1995-04-01

Humin Cheng , Jiming Ma , Zhen‐Guo Zhao +1 more

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrothermal Preparation of Uniform Nanosize Rutile and Anatase ParticlesHumin Cheng, Jiming Ma, Zhenguo Zhao, and Limin QiCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 4, 663–671Publication Date (Print):April 1, … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrothermal Preparation of Uniform Nanosize Rutile and Anatase ParticlesHumin Cheng, Jiming Ma, Zhenguo Zhao, and Limin QiCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 4, 663–671Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00052a010https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00052a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6621Altmetric-Citations715LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation

2000-06-01

Edward Furimsky

Hydrotreating Catalysis

1996-01-01

Henrik Topsøe , Bjerne S. Clausen , Franklin E. Massoth

Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds

1996-08-29

Catalyst deactivation

1999-09-14

Pio Forzatti

Kinetics of Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions

1984-12-31

M. Boudart , Gérald Djéga‐Mariadassou

This book is a critical account of the principles of the kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions in the light of recent developments in surface science and catalysis science. Originally published … This book is a critical account of the principles of the kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions in the light of recent developments in surface science and catalysis science. Originally published in 1984. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Kinetic modeling of catalytic slurry-phase hydrocracking using oil-soluble catalyst: Boiling point distribution approach

2025-06-25

Guillermo Félix , Alexis Tirado , Mikhail A. Varfolomeev +1 more | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Heteropolyacid-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) Catalyst for Ultra-Deep and Recyclable Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuels

2025-06-24

Mengyue Chen , Tianqi Huang , Shuang Tong +2 more | Catalysts

To address the challenge of ultra-deep desulfurization in fuels, a series of heteropolyacid-based poly(ionic liquid) catalysts (C4-PIL@PW, C8-PIL@PW, and C16-PIL@PW) were synthesized via radical polymerization and anion exchange methods. The … To address the challenge of ultra-deep desulfurization in fuels, a series of heteropolyacid-based poly(ionic liquid) catalysts (C4-PIL@PW, C8-PIL@PW, and C16-PIL@PW) were synthesized via radical polymerization and anion exchange methods. The prepared catalysts were characterized via FT-IR, XRD pattern, and Raman spectroscopy. Optimal reaction parameters (e.g., temperature, catalyst dosage, and O/S molar ratio) were systematically investigated, as well as the catalytic mechanism. The typical sample C8-PIL@PW exhibited exceptional oxidative desulfurization (ODS) performance, achieving a sulfur removal of 99.2% for dibenzothiophene (DBT) without any organic solvent as extractant. Remarkably, the sulfur removal could still retain 89% after recycling five times without regeneration. This study provides a sustainable and high-efficiency catalyst for ODS, offering insights into fuel purification strategies.

Effect of Solid-Phase Modification of High-Modulus Zeolite TsVM with Cerium Oxide in Conversion of Bioethanol to Hydrocarbons

2025-06-24

Eyyub S. Mammadov , Fuad Sh. Kerimli , N. F. Akhmedova +2 more | Eurasian Journal of Chemistry

The catalysts used for the conversion of bioethanol into hydrocarbons were obtained by solid-phase modification of high-modulus zeolite HTsVM (SiO2:Al2O3 = 40) of the ZSM-5 type with cerium carbonate followed … The catalysts used for the conversion of bioethanol into hydrocarbons were obtained by solid-phase modification of high-modulus zeolite HTsVM (SiO2:Al2O3 = 40) of the ZSM-5 type with cerium carbonate followed by heat treatment at 550 °C for 4 hours. The reactions were carried out in a flow reactor with a fixed catalyst bed in the temperature range of 300–450 °C at atmospheric pressure in order to study the effect of cerium oxide concentration in the HTsVM on its selectivity for isomerization and aromatization products. The modification of zeolite HTsVM with cerium oxide was shown to result in a change in its structural and acidic characteristics, as well as its selectivity for cracking, isomerization and aromatization reactions. The isomerisation selectivity of a catalytic system based on zeolite ZSM-5 can be increased by modifying it with rare earth or transition metals, which gives the catalyst a bifunctional character. This increase in isomerisation selectivity and decrease in aromatization selectivity are due to a significant reduction in the density of strong acid sites, the formation of additional Lewis cation sites and a decrease in total pore volume, as well as an increase in mesopore volume. The optimal 3 % CeO₂/HTsVM catalyst demonstrates high stability (30 hours) and high selectivity for isomerization products (44.90–46.06 %) within the temperature range of 300–350 °C. The gasoline fraction obtained using the 3 % CeO2/HTsVM catalyst at 300 °C is enriched in isoparaffinic hydrocarbons (48.73 wt.%) and complies with the Euro 5 standard with regard to aromatic hydrocarbon content (21.17 wt.%) and benzene content (<1.0 wt.%).

Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol to Cyclohexanol Using Noble Metal‐Supported Ni‐Based Perovskite‐Derived Catalysts

2025-06-23

Marimuthu Prabu , Thirumalaiswamy Raja , R. Vinu | ChemCatChem

Abstract This study focuses on the role of noble metal‐doped Ni‐based perovskites, specifically LaNiO 3 and NiTiO 3 catalysts in the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol. The findings demonstrate that reduced … Abstract This study focuses on the role of noble metal‐doped Ni‐based perovskites, specifically LaNiO 3 and NiTiO 3 catalysts in the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol. The findings demonstrate that reduced Ru‐LaNiO 3 catalyst achieved superior performance with 100% guaiacol conversion and a 75% selectivity toward cyclohexanol, compared to reduced Ru‐NiTiO 3 , which achieved only 43% conversion and 25% cyclohexanol selectivity under identical conditions (240 °C, 30 bar H 2 , and 4 h). High‐resolution transmission electron microscopic (HR‐TEM) analysis reveals that LaNiO 3 ‐supported catalysts exhibit better metal dispersion and smaller nickel nanoparticle sizes compared to NiTiO 3 ‐supported counterparts. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows that the reduction of nickel and noble metals is more facile on LaNiO 3 . Additionally, the O 1s XPS profile for reduced Ru‐LaNiO 3 indicates a higher proportion of lattice oxygen (O Lat ∼ 79%) and a lower proportion of oxygen vacancies (O Vac ∼ 21%) compared to other catalyst systems. The optimized O Lat /O Vac ratio is shown to be critical for the effective HDO of guaiacol. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) demonstrates a high HDO reaction rate using reduced Ru‐LaNiO 3 than reduced Ru‐NiTiO 3 , with cyclohexanol formation attributed to the keto‐enol tautomerization pathway. Overall, this study underscores the critical roles of oxygen vacancies, metal dispersion, and metal–metal oxide interactions in the HDO of guaiacol.

Hydrocracking of Polypropylene to Light Alkanes over HMFI Zeolite Catalysts under H2

2025-06-23

Yukio Ando , Takumi Miyakage , Alisa Phuekphong +7 more | ChemCatChem

Abstract Chemical recycling of polyolefins represented by polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) via catalytic cracking has emerged as a promising strategy for converting waste plastics into valuable hydrocarbons. In this … Abstract Chemical recycling of polyolefins represented by polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) via catalytic cracking has emerged as a promising strategy for converting waste plastics into valuable hydrocarbons. In this study, we investigated the selective hydrocracking of PP into light alkanes (C 1 –C 5 ) using zeolite catalysts at 280 °C under 1 MPa H 2 . An HMFI zeolite with high Al content exhibited the best catalytic performance among various zeolite catalysts tested. In situ DRIFTS comparing bare HMFI and externally‐silylated HMFI suggested that the external surface Brønsted acid sites serve as the active sites for the cracking of PP. Combination of in situ DRIFTS and UV–vis spectroscopy analyses identified the formation and consumption of oligomeric species as a reaction intermediate during reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that a route in which the carbocation and alkoxide intermediates generated by hydrocracking of PP undergo low‐energy barrier transformations into gaseous products such as C 3 and C 4 hydrocarbons. This study advances the development of sustainable polyolefin recycling technologies.

<scp>RETRACTION</scp>: Fabrication of Mixed Matrix Polyphenylsulfone‐Polysulfone Blend Membranes Incorporated With Nickel/Hydrazine@silica Core‐Shell Nanoparticles Using <scp>VIPS</scp>‐<scp>NIPS</scp> Method for Efficient Dye Rejection

2025-06-23

| Journal of Applied Polymer Science

RETRACTION : H. Mahdavi , F. Khademi , A. A. Heidari and M. Karami , “,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science 140 , no. ( 2023 ): , https://doi.org/10.1002/app.54564 . … RETRACTION : H. Mahdavi , F. Khademi , A. A. Heidari and M. Karami , “,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science 140 , no. ( 2023 ): , https://doi.org/10.1002/app.54564 . The above article, published online on 16 August 2023 in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Stefan Spiegel; and Wiley Periodicals, LLC. The retraction has been agreed upon due to unexpected similarities observed within the spectra presented in Figures 2 and 3. Furthermore, there are several instances of duplication of elements identified in Figure 4a‐d. Finally, scientific discrepancies were identified in Figure S5. The authors collaborated with the investigation and stated that the images for Figure S5 were obtained from an external laboratory. However, due to the nature and extent of the concerns raised, the editor has lost confidence in the results and conclusions presented in this study. The authors were informed of the retraction.

Improving the quality and production of reformate

2025-06-22

Zeinab T. Abdulwahhab , Qais J. Jawad , Y. Ali +2 more | Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies

One of the primary and most crucial units in Iraqi refineries is the gasoline reforming unit. In order to simulate and upgrade the conventional unit to the other unit configuration … One of the primary and most crucial units in Iraqi refineries is the gasoline reforming unit. In order to simulate and upgrade the conventional unit to the other unit configuration (Continuous Catalytic Regeneration Reformer Process (CCRRP)), it was suggested in this study to develop the gasoline reforming unit (Semi-Regenerative Catalytic Reformer Process (SRCRP)) by adding a fourth reactor (fixed bed reactor) of the same size and configuration for the last reactor of the unit that is currently used in the refinery. This study aims to investigate the effect of increasing the number of reactors on product quality. Several variables were studied in the unit, including temperature (490, 500, 510, 520, 530, and 540 ºC), pressure (8 & 12 bar), Liquid Hourly Space Velocity (LHSV) 1.5 & 4.5 hr-1, catalyst type (spent and fresh), and catalyst regeneration and pre-preparation steps (carbon burning + drying + oxychlorination + calcination + reduction + sulfiding). The results showed that the maximum increasing of RON values is 10 degrees under 12 bar and 4.5 hr-1 by applying all the regeneration and pre-preparation steps with exception of oxychlorination (for spent catalyst) but with short life period of this catalyst comparing with fresh catalyst which have high activity for long interval with 8 grades increasing in RON. In addition, the RON of the reformate at (12 bar) was higher than the octane number at (8 bar). Otherwise, the RON does not differ significantly between the two LHSV values tested (1.5 and 4.5 hr-1), indicating that the LHSV had no major influence on the product's octane number for reformate improvement by adding fourth reactor. According to the catalyst regeneration and pre-preparation method, the results indicate that the highest and longest improving of octane number was obtained when a fresh catalyst was applied in the unit by performing the pre- preparation processes which include (drying + reduction + sulfiding) for it, followed by spent catalyst with all the activation steps which include (carbon burning + drying + oxychlorination + calcination+ reduction + sulfiding).

Constructing a cascade catalytic strategy with base metals for hydrodeoxygenation of lignin derivatives

2025-06-21

Peng Gao , Xuewu Ji , Chunyang Dong +3 more | Fuel

A critical review of catalytic oxidative desulfurization (COD) in petroleum-based liquid fuels

2025-06-21

Zhengxiang Sun , Rui Wang | Fuel

Cutting edge advancements in biochar applications: thermochemical, fermentative, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic hydrogen production and storage

2025-06-21

Muhammad Rizwan , M. H. Eisa , Amir Zada +4 more | Fuel

The effect of the temperature of the diesel fuel hydrotreating process on the sorption of silicon on a NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst

2025-06-20

I. S. Golubev , С. И. Решетников , P. P. Dick +3 more | Kataliz v promyshlennosti

The influence of the diesel fuel hydrotreating temperature on the patterns of silicon sorption on a NiMo/Al 2 O 3 grain of a 2.5 mm diameter catalyst has been studied. … The influence of the diesel fuel hydrotreating temperature on the patterns of silicon sorption on a NiMo/Al 2 O 3 grain of a 2.5 mm diameter catalyst has been studied. The tests were carried out on a laboratory set up with a reactor in which the catalyst bed is divided (sectioned) into five parts in height by metal perforated partitions that are permeable to raw materials. This made it possible to obtain silicon concentration profiles along the height of the catalyst layer. decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, whose content was 200 ppm, was used as silicon compounds in the diesel fraction of oil. Three series of experiments with a duration of 200 hours were conducted at temperatures of 315, 340 and 365 O C.Astraight-run dieselfractioncontaining the additionof decamethylcyclopentasiloxane as an additionalsource of silicon was usedas a raw material. It was foundthatwithincreasingprocesstemperature, the ability of the catalysttoadsorbsiliconincreases.

Catalytic Innovations in the Aza-Michael Reaction: An Experimental Benchmarking Focused on Sustainable Approaches

2025-06-20

S. Izquierdo , Carlos J. Durán‐Valle , Pedro Cintas +1 more | Molecules

This study explores a series of eco-compatible, safe, inexpensive, and recyclable catalysts for the aza-Michael reaction, an essential transformation for constructing C-N bonds. In particular, we focus on hydrothermal carbons … This study explores a series of eco-compatible, safe, inexpensive, and recyclable catalysts for the aza-Michael reaction, an essential transformation for constructing C-N bonds. In particular, we focus on hydrothermal carbons (HCB and HCC) prepared from chestnut cupule waste under mild, aqueous conditions, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional pyrolytic methods. These carbonaceous solids, thoroughly characterized by physicochemical techniques, exhibit notable catalytic activity, completing aza-Michael reactions in as little as 5–30 min for various model substrates. Their performance was benchmarked against Montmorillonite K10, [Cho][Pro] ionic liquid, and K10+[Cho][Pro], with the latter combination and [Cho][Pro] alone giving the fastest conversions. For example, the reaction of benzylamine with acrylonitrile reached complete conversion (typically 95% yield) in five minutes using [Cho][Pro], K10+[Cho][Pro], or likewise with HCB and HCC. Although the reactions catalyzed by hydrothermal carbons did not outperform in general those using K10-[Cho][Pro] or [Cho][Pro], they proceeded rapidly and afforded good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the HCC catalyst demonstrated excellent recyclability, maintaining its activity and yield over at least five cycles. These findings underscore the potential of hydrothermal carbons as efficient green heterogeneous catalysts, combining high surface area, porosity, and reusability with strong catalytic performance and scalability, in alignment with the principles of the circular economy.

Enrichment of Aromatic Hydrocarbon from Hydrotreated Light Coker Gas Oil over a Bimetallic Zeolite Catalyst

2025-06-20

Bhanu Joshi , Suresh Singhal , Ashok Kumar Yadav +5 more | ChemCatChem

Abstract In order to address the crude‐to‐chemicals concept, it is imperative to transform low‐value refinery streams into high‐value petrochemicals. In this regard, the enhancement of aromatic hydrocarbons, particularly BTX from … Abstract In order to address the crude‐to‐chemicals concept, it is imperative to transform low‐value refinery streams into high‐value petrochemicals. In this regard, the enhancement of aromatic hydrocarbons, particularly BTX from light coker gas oil (LCGO), is a critical step for future petrochemical complexes. A key aspect of this study was the development of a catalytic process to produce aromatics through successive hydrotreating followed by reforming of light coker gas oil (LCGO). A ZnCo‐based bifunctional zeolite catalyst shows >73% paraffin conversion with 52.1% light aromatics selectivity. The study of the local structure and surface characteristics of the bimetallic catalyst reveals significant metal–support interactions, along with the presence of spinel phases in conjunction with ZnO and Co 3 O 4 . Additionally, ZnCo/ZSM‐5 catalysts demonstrate superior acidity and an optimal balance of medium‐strength Brønsted acid sites and high Lewis acid sites, which likely account for the improved BTX selectivity and reduced coke formation.

Selective Desulfurization with CoMo Catalysts Supported on Al2O3‐MgO Modified with Alkaline Metal Oxides

2025-06-20

D. Morales‐Vázquez , Dora Alicia Solís-Casados , T. Klimova +1 more | ChemCatChem

Abstract CoMo catalysts supported on Al 2 O 3 ‐MgO modified with alkaline metal oxides were synthesized, characterized, and catalytically evaluated in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reaction using dibenzothiophene (DBT) as … Abstract CoMo catalysts supported on Al 2 O 3 ‐MgO modified with alkaline metal oxides were synthesized, characterized, and catalytically evaluated in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reaction using dibenzothiophene (DBT) as a model molecule. Results showed that DBT conversion after 8 h of reaction time slightly decreases with the incorporation of Li 2 O, K 2 O, Na 2 O, and CaO to the Al 2 O 3 ‐MgO support. However, this diminution in the catalytic activity is compensated, in the CoMo/Al 2 O 3 ‐MgO‐Na 2 O formulation, with the increase in selectivity to biphenyl product by more than 4 times. The obtained results can be explained in terms of the support and catalyst characteristics. The increase in selectivity was related to the number of basic sites and their medium strength. The basicity of the support affects the morphology, the stacking number, and the slab length of the active phase. Non‐well‐dispersed crystals of the active phase, MoS 2 and CoMoS with staking of 3 or 4 slabs and ~ 4 nm length, promote selectivity toward the direct desulfurization route, producing a higher fraction of BP through the DDS route.

Size Effects of TiO2 Nanoparticles as Supports for W‐ and NiW‐Catalysts for Selective 3‐Methylthiophene Desulfurization

2025-06-20

E. D. Gutiérrez-López , C.E. Soto-Arteaga , S. Fuentes +5 more | ChemCatChem

Abstract We prepared TiO 2 nanomaterials via hydrothermal synthesis to modulate particle size, varying the urea and the titania precursor molar ratio from 0.15, 0.3, and 1.2 (nETi‐x). These materials … Abstract We prepared TiO 2 nanomaterials via hydrothermal synthesis to modulate particle size, varying the urea and the titania precursor molar ratio from 0.15, 0.3, and 1.2 (nETi‐x). These materials were utilized to prepare W and NiW hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed TiO 2 nanoparticles on sample nETi‐0.15 with sphere‐like morphology of 109 ± 19 nm of diameter. As the molar ratio increased, the particle size decreased to 81 ± 12 and 22 ± 5 nm for the nETi‐0.3 and nETi‐1.2, respectively. The particles with the smallest size presented bipyramids, rhomboid, and quasi‐hexagonal morphologies. The characterization indicated that the metal's dispersion decreased as the titania nanoparticle size decreased. However, as Raman spectroscopy revealed, Ni inclusion induced redispersion of W, increasing the terminal W═O and O═W═O bonds. TEM of the sulfided materials revealed WS 2 slabs parallel to the TiO 2 nanoparticles surface. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results demonstrated that the smallest nanoparticles had significantly more presence of W 4+ related to WS 2 and an increase in Ni participating in the NiWS as the particle size decreased. Outstanding activity in the 3‐methylthiophene HDS reaction was observed in all the NiW catalysts, especially those supported by the smallest titania nanoparticle material. Structure‐activity correlations were established to explain the observed results.

Prominent Oxidative Desulfurization with an Advanced Colloids Catalyst under Mild Conditions: Synergistic Interaction of Interface-Phase Transfer

2025-06-20

Haojie Sun , Chunfeng Mao , Jingxuan Xu +4 more | Langmuir

Maximizing the mass transfer rate and enhancing the effective spread of active sites and recovery of catalysts between various stages of reaction could help to realize catalytic oxidative performance. Colloidal … Maximizing the mass transfer rate and enhancing the effective spread of active sites and recovery of catalysts between various stages of reaction could help to realize catalytic oxidative performance. Colloidal catalysts can break through the bottleneck problems between solid and liquid catalysts. In this work, colloid Zr-MOFs materials were prepared for the first time as support, and CDUT-Colloid catalysts were prepared by combination with liquid active components. Catalysts exhibit efficient mass transfer characteristics and high dispersion of active sites characteristic of ILs, while possessing the advantages of easy recovery and high stability. The oxidative desulfurization performance approaches 100% under mild reaction conditions (m(CDUT-Colloid-2) = 0.5 g, t = 90 min, n(O)/n(S) = 10, 30 °C). This catalyst exhibits excellent recycling performance, stability of structure, absorbability, and suitable viscosity. The proper viscosity of the colloidal catalyst facilitates phase transfer at the interface, accelerating the transfer of sulfide from the oil phase to the colloidal phase. The phase interface after the reaction is easy to separate, ensuring purity of the final oil. Based on structural analysis, desulfurization performance, and the capture experiment of the transition state (•OH), the oxidative desulfurization reaction mechanism of the colloidal catalytic system can be obtained. The catalytic reaction mechanism can be divided into two steps of collaborative catalysis, which can reveal the uniqueness of the colloidal catalyst in the reaction process. This unique colloidal catalyst provides a research approach for catalysts and lays the foundation for the study of functional materials.

Catalytic upgrading effect of in-situ mineral cuttings and synergetic hydrogen generation with additional Ni-Cr oxidants as co-catalysts

2025-06-20

Xing Li , Wanfen Pu , Pingya Luo | Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects

Development of Copper Catalysts Supported on Graphite to Produce Butenes by Acetylene Dimerization

2025-06-20

Eduardo Campos‐Castellanos , I. Rodrı́guez-Ramos , Morales Vargas +1 more | ChemCatChem

Abstract Dimerization of acetylene to C4 olefins was investigated using copper‐based nanoparticles supported on graphite. Catalysts, prepared from various precursors and modified with Ag or Ni in some cases, were … Abstract Dimerization of acetylene to C4 olefins was investigated using copper‐based nanoparticles supported on graphite. Catalysts, prepared from various precursors and modified with Ag or Ni in some cases, were evaluated in a continuous flow reactor under atmospheric pressure at temperatures in the range 100–200 °C. Notably, all catalysts, except for the Cu─Ni bimetallic sample, showed high selectivity for partial hydrogenation, with ethylene as the main product. Selectivity toward butenes (1‐butene, 2‐butenes and butadiene) increased with a temperature rise from 100 to 150 °C; however, it remained stable between 150 and 200 °C. Comparison of the catalytic performance among the different catalysts at 150 °C revealed that the catalyst with 10% of Cu (10Cu/G (copper supported graphite)) provided the highest selectivity toward butenes, albeit at the expense of a reduction in the carbon balance (C.B.). The formation of C4 compounds appeared to involve secondary reactions of ethylene. To correlate the catalytic performance with surface characteristics, the catalysts were characterized before reaction (BR) and after reaction (AR) using a combination of structural, morphological, and spectroscopic techniques. These analyses, together with thermogravimetric measurements, were used to investigate the nature of carbon deposits. Interestingly, coke formation did not significantly alter catalytic behavior.

An overview of epoxidized vegetable oil as feedstock for Dihyrdroxystearic acid (<scp>DHSA</scp>) production

2025-06-20

Intan Suhada Azmi , Siti Mariam A. Rahman , Silvana Dwi Nurherdiana +3 more | Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy

Abstract Epoxidized vegetable oils have emerged as a promising renewable feedstock to produce dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA), a high‐value hydroxyl fatty acid used in industrial applications such as cosmetics, lubricants, and … Abstract Epoxidized vegetable oils have emerged as a promising renewable feedstock to produce dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA), a high‐value hydroxyl fatty acid used in industrial applications such as cosmetics, lubricants, and biodegradable polymers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epoxidation process, oxirane ring formation, and subsequent hydrolysis to DHSA, emphasizing the role of peracid oxidation as a key reaction pathway. Various factors affecting epoxidation efficiency and DHSA yield, including reaction conditions, catalyst selection, and are critically analyzed. The hydrolysis mechanism of oxirane rings leading to DHSA formation is discussed alongside. This process aligns with the rising demand for sustainable alternatives to petrochemical resources, offering advantages such as biodegradability and versatility in industrial applications like lubricants and polymers.

Synthesis and characterization of Al-based metal–organic framework with superior performance for adsorptive desulfurization of model fuel

2025-06-20

M Rodaina , Eman ElSayed | Scientific Reports

Abstract Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently garnered attention as promising candidates for the effective removal of sulfur-containing compounds from liquid fuels. In this study, the potential of employing Al-MIL-53 as … Abstract Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently garnered attention as promising candidates for the effective removal of sulfur-containing compounds from liquid fuels. In this study, the potential of employing Al-MIL-53 as an adsorbent for liquid fuel desulfurization is demonstrated. Material analysis through SEM, XRD, and FTIR studies was conducted. Equilibrium between in the solution and on the adsorbent surface was successfully achieved within 1 h. Optimal operational parameters for 99% Sulfur removal were identified as a 60-min adsorption time, 50 ppm initial thiophene concentration, and 2 g adsorbent dosage. The equilibrium adsorption data is adequately represented by Freundlich isotherm (R 2 = 0.97). The adsorption kinetics of DBT by Al-MOF followed pseudo first-order model (R 2 = 0.99). The equilibrium (qm) of the prepared Al-MOF = 11 (mg/g).

Alcohol-Assisted Salt-Spreading Synthesis of Single-Atom Zirconium Catalysts on Ultrathin 2D MWW Zeolite for Enhanced Biomass Valorization.

2025-06-19

Haocheng Zhang , Yanghuan Huang , Zhaoqi Ye +3 more | PubMed

The precise synthesis of single-atom Zr catalysts on ultrathin 2D MWW zeolites remains challenging due to inevitable Zr clustering, expensive precursors, and complex post-treatments. Here, an alcohol-assisted salt-spreading deposition (ASD) … The precise synthesis of single-atom Zr catalysts on ultrathin 2D MWW zeolites remains challenging due to inevitable Zr clustering, expensive precursors, and complex post-treatments. Here, an alcohol-assisted salt-spreading deposition (ASD) strategy is reported to immobilize atomically dispersed Zr sites on pre-synthesized single-layer MWW nanosheets (SL-MWW). Derive benefit from the abundant external silanol groups (SiOHext) on the external surface of ultrathin 2D-MWW, tetracoordinated Zr─O4 configurations are grafted via a facile ASD process without toxic organic solvents. Characterizations including HAADF-STEM and XAS confirm the atomic dispersion and unique tetracoordinated structure of the Zr site. The resulting Zr-SL(ASD) catalyst exhibits exceptional Lewis acidity and accessibility, achieving superior selectivity and high conversion in Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction and etherification (MPV-ETH) cascade reaction of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and transesterification to valorized biomass under mild conditions. Comparative studies reveal three possible interaction pathways between external silanol groups and Zr species that govern atomic dispersion. The ASD approach successfully eliminates expensive and toxic organometallic precursors or energy-intensive treatments, offering a green and scalable route to prepare single-atom Zr-MWW catalysts. This work provides new insights into designing efficient and sustainable zeolite-based catalysts for biomass valorization.

Slurry-phase hydrotreating of vacuum gas oil with Mo-based dispersed catalyst in semi-batch and continuous reactors

2025-06-19

Eleni Heracleous , Flora Papadopoulou , Angelos A. Lappas | Fuel Processing Technology

Progress in heterogeneous catalysis for renewable energy and petrochemical production from biomass

2025-06-19

Ifeanyi Michael Smarte Anekwe , Stephen Okiemute Akpasi , Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh +3 more | Fuel Processing Technology

Understanding catalyst deactivation in an industrial green hydrotreater and its correlation with catalyst composition

2025-06-19

Elham Nejadmoghadam , Abdenour Achour , Olov Öhrman +2 more | Fuel Processing Technology

ШЛЯХИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ СТІЙКОСТІ ПОРТЛАНДЦЕМЕНТІВ ДО ДІЇ ВИСОКИХ ТЕМПЕРАТУР

2025-06-19

Кривенко П.В. , Константиновський О.П. , Онатій В.І. | Ресурсоекономні матеріали конструкції будівлі та споруди

Доведено можливість підвищення жаростійкості портландцементів шляхом часткової заміни клінкеру алюмосилікатною добавкою на прикладі золи-винесення з одночасним введенням натрієвого рідинного скла. Це обґрунтовано особливостями фазового складу продуктів гідратації лужно-активованого портландцементу: відсутність … Доведено можливість підвищення жаростійкості портландцементів шляхом часткової заміни клінкеру алюмосилікатною добавкою на прикладі золи-винесення з одночасним введенням натрієвого рідинного скла. Це обґрунтовано особливостями фазового складу продуктів гідратації лужно-активованого портландцементу: відсутність портландиту Ca(OH)2, формування C-A-S-H фаз типу катоїту 3CaO·2Al2O3·12H2O і цеолітоподібних N-C-A-S-H фаз типу гідронефеліну Na2O·Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O та жисмондину CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2·4H2O. Відповідно, жаростійкість такого цементу обумовлена відсутністю регідратації СаО, формуванням високотемпературної фази геленіту 2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2 внаслідок плавлення C-A-S-H-фаз і перекристалізацією сформованих цеолітоподібних фаз в нефелін Na2O·Al2O3·2SiO2 й анортит CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2 без руйнування структури. Вказані процеси забезпечують підвищення залишкової міцності розчину на основі запропонованого цементу до 41,6…90,6 % у порівнянні з 5…35 % для аналогів на основі ПЦ І (CEM I). Область оптимізованих складів лужно-активованого портландцементу, отриманого на основі ПЦЦ IV/A-400 (CEM IV/A 32,5N), характеризується залишковою міцністю ³ 70 % при підвищенні активності на 28 добу до значень міцності на стиск ³ 50 MПa.

Selective Hydroconversion of Polyaromatics into High-Density Endothermic Aviation Fuel over Highly Dispersed Pt/FAU Catalyst

2025-06-18

Xiaopo Niu , Feipeng Huang , Wenli Zhao +6 more | Energy & Fuels

Microwave catalytic co-pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris and wasted tires under NiO/CoO loaded on γ-Al2O3: Characteristics, production analysis and reaction mechanism

2025-06-18

Shiyi Zhao , Chunxiang Chen , Ronglin Yang +2 more | Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Sustainable syngas production via thermal steam reforming of waste cooking oil using monometallic and bimetallic catalysts

2025-06-18

Jurarat Nisamaneenate , Imad A. Idris , Siraphop Tocharoen +3 more | Energy Conversion and Management X

Nickel-molybdenum oxide catalysts used in the catalytic hydrogenation of styrene oxide to produce 2-phenylethanol

2025-06-18

Ma. Elena Manríquez-Ramírez , Adrián Farid Bustos , M. Trejo-Valdéz +2 more | Surfaces and Interfaces

A Structure‐Preserving, Dimensionality‐Increasing Strategy for the Stepwise Synthesis of Microporous α‐MoO3 with a Broad (100) Surface

2025-06-18

Takuo Minato , Manabu Miyamoto , Satoshi Ishikawa +4 more | Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Metal oxides with diverse structures and dimensionalities are typically synthesized via solid‐state or hydrothermal reactions. However, it is quite difficult to retain the structures of the starting materials when 0D … Metal oxides with diverse structures and dimensionalities are typically synthesized via solid‐state or hydrothermal reactions. However, it is quite difficult to retain the structures of the starting materials when 0D metal salts or molecular clusters are used as precursors because higher‐dimensional structures form by structural reorganization through isomerization and decomposition/condensation reactions. In this study, we demonstrated a structure‐preserving, dimensionality‐increasing strategy for the synthesis of 2D α‐MoO3 from 0D [Mo2O5(H2O)6]2+ species via a 1D [Mo2O6{(CH3)2NCHO}]n intermediate while maintaining the structures of the precursors. By simple temperature‐controlled calcination, metastable crystals of α‐MoO3 in which the (100) plane was the broad face were successfully synthesized, differing from conventional α‐MoO3 in which the (010) plane is the broad face. In addition, the prepared metastable crystals possessed large surface areas, unusual micropores, and surface‐exposed coordinatively unsaturated Mo sites, allowing them to serve as high‐performance acid catalysts. This synthesis strategy is expected to facilitate the synthesis of metastable structures and the design of defects and surface structures at the atomic level.

Hydrodeoxygenation of biomass pyrolysis oil towards renewable bio-gasoline production: Economic and environmental optimization based on a machine learning framework

2025-06-18

Chao Chen , Yadong Ge , Ruodong Wang +7 more | Energy Conversion and Management

Hydroprocessing of waste plastics to produce diesel under low processing temperatures using ionic liquid catalyst

2025-06-18

Jai Ganesh Ramajayam , Mangesh Varadarajulu Lakshmipathy , P. Tamizhdurai +6 more | Fuel Processing Technology

Structure-reactivity relationship of Fe-triggered NiMoS active phase for ultradeep hydrodesulfurization of diesel

2025-06-17

Shuhui Zhou , Yu Pan , Yan Wang +7 more | Chemical Engineering Science

Natural Zeolite as Mo and MoP Catalysts Support for Catalytic Deoxygenation of Jatropha Oil

2025-06-17

Isalmi Aziz , Muhammad Farhan , Nanda Saridewi +5 more | Jurnal Kimia VALENSI

Non-edible oil, such as Jatropha oil, is an interesting feedstock for the development of renewable diesel (green diesel). Catalytic deoxygenation using natural zeolite-supported Mo-based catalysts is a promising process for … Non-edible oil, such as Jatropha oil, is an interesting feedstock for the development of renewable diesel (green diesel). Catalytic deoxygenation using natural zeolite-supported Mo-based catalysts is a promising process for the conversion of Jatropha oil to green diesel. Mo and MoP catalysts supported on natural zeolite were synthesized by wet impregnation at a concentration of 5% (w/w). The catalysts were characterized by XRD, XRF, SAA and NH3-TPD. The catalysts were successfully synthesized with the appearance of Mo and MoP peaks on the catalyst diffractogram. XRF results also showed that Mo and P were present in the catalyst. Metal impregnation decreased the surface area and pore volume of the catalyst, but increased the average pore diameter. The NH3-TPD profile of the catalyst showed that the weak acid sites of both catalysts were larger than the strong acid sites. Based on the activity test of catalytic deoxygenation of Jatropha oil, the MoP/HZ catalyst produced a higher conversion (67%) and liquid product yield (79%) than Mo/HZ. This is associated with a larger pore diameter, so that the distribution of reactants on the catalyst surface is more optimal. However, the highest green diesel selectivity of 82% is produced by the Mo/HZ catalyst. The Mo/HZ catalyst is more oriented towards the HDO reaction, whereas the MoP/HZ catalyst is more oriented towards the DCO/DCO2 reaction.

Mitigating product inhibition in 2′‐hydroxybiphenyl‐2‐sulfinate desulfinase (<scp>DszB</scp>) with synthetic glycosylation

2025-06-16

Junyu Liang , Yi Zheng , Valerie Vaissier Welborn | Protein Science

Abstract The combustion of sulfur‐rich crude oil is toxic to the environment, making the removal of sulfur impurities a priority for the sustainable use of liquid fuels. Biodesulfurization via the … Abstract The combustion of sulfur‐rich crude oil is toxic to the environment, making the removal of sulfur impurities a priority for the sustainable use of liquid fuels. Biodesulfurization via the 4S pathway is a promising approach due to its C‐S bond cleavage specificity and mild operating conditions. However, biodesulfurization is not economically viable due to the slow turnover of 2′‐hydroxybiphenyl‐2‐sulfinate desulfinase (DszB), an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of 2′‐hydroxybiphenyl‐2‐sulfinate to 2‐hydroxybiphenyl and sulfite. Previous studies have identified product inhibition as the limiting factor in DszB, whereby solvent‐exposed protein loops obstruct the active site after substrate binding. This closed conformation is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between the loops and the product. Here, we propose an artificial glycosylation strategy to mitigate product inhibition in DszB. We modeled glycated DszB in the apo, ligand‐bound, and product‐bound states with molecular dynamics based on the AMOEBA polarizable force field, and analyzed the chemical positioning of the reactant and product compared to the wild type (WT). We find that the addition of glucose on three Ser loop residues increases the interaction of the loops with water, overcoming the weaker product–loop interactions, and thereby enabling product release. Importantly, the enhanced flexibility of the loops was subtle enough to not heavily disrupt the chemical positioning of the reactant, which suggests that the rate acceleration would be similar to that of the WT.

Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents as catalysts for sustainable processes: applications in biodiesel production, <scp>CO2</scp> conversion, and fuel desulfurization

2025-06-16

Jahangir Malik , Ali Ahsan , Murid Hussain +2 more | Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining

Abstract Achieving a clean atmosphere requires the implementation of environmentally sustainable strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of fossil fuels, which are associated with high sulfur content, substantial greenhouse gas … Abstract Achieving a clean atmosphere requires the implementation of environmentally sustainable strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of fossil fuels, which are associated with high sulfur content, substantial greenhouse gas emissions, and limited reserves. Biodiesel, with its low sulfur content, represents a promising and sustainable alternative. Ionic liquids are green catalysts that align with the principles of sustainability and green chemistry, and are used increasingly in biodiesel production. The conversion of CO 2 – a major contributor to global warming – into value‐added products offers a viable strategy to mitigate climate change. However, comprehensive reviews addressing the use of ionic liquids as catalysts in biodiesel production and their application in the conversion of CO 2 and sulfur compounds into valuable chemicals are lacking. This review provides an in‐depth analysis of recent advances in biodiesel production using ionic liquid‐based catalysts, including magnetic, enzymatic, and photocatalytic systems, with a focus on modifications to their acidic and basic properties. Notably, polyoxometalate‐based ionic liquids have demonstrated complete sulfur removal from diesel. The review also explores the utility of CO 2 ‐derived products in sustainable biodiesel production and evaluates the roles of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents as green solvents and catalysts. Greener synthesis pathways for these catalysts and their potential for commercialization are evaluated through techno‐economic assessments.

Microwave-driven catalytic upgrading of waste engine oil using defect-rich steel slag: Oxygen vacancy modulation and reaction mechanisms

2025-06-16

Junhao Lin , Jiahui Hou , Jiashan Chen +6 more | Fuel

ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM COKE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES AFTER CATALYTIC REMOVAL OF SULFUR COMPOUNDS

2025-06-16

Daniil O. Efimov , О.Yu. Belousova , А. Ф. Ахметов +1 more | Oil and Gas Business

In the context of the growing demand of the Russian metallurgical industry for anisotropic (needle) coke and difficulties with its import, the development of local production of this product is … In the context of the growing demand of the Russian metallurgical industry for anisotropic (needle) coke and difficulties with its import, the development of local production of this product is a strategic priority that requires the improvement of technological processes and the adaptation of the raw material base to high quality requirements to increase the economic independence of the country. The paper presents a laboratory analysis of the structure and properties of petroleum coke after applying the method of catalytic removal of sulfur compounds in coking raw materials. This helped to find out whether this method can be used to prepare raw materials used in needle coking, and how it will affect the coking process as a whole. When using the studied oxidation catalyst with coking raw materials, sulfur compounds in the form of sulfides turn into sulfones, and sulfones decompose into sulfur dioxide when heated. The paper presents the results of an assessment of the fractional composition of raw materials, namely heavy gas oil from catalytic cracking at the Omsk Refinery, the microstructure of petroleum cokes, the sulfur content in cokes and distillates, and the content of volatile compounds in coke. These laboratory studies have shown a decrease in the content of sulfur and volatile compounds in coke after the application of an oxidation catalyst, compared with the feedstock and products of its oxidation and coking.

The Facile Construction of Defect-Engineered and Surface-Modified UiO-66 MOFs for Promising Oxidative Desulfurization Performance

2025-06-15

Chao Wang , Junchao Ding , Haoyu Wu +6 more | Nanomaterials

The effective and deep removal of unreactive sulfides to achieve ultra-low-sulfur or sulfur-free oils has recently attracted extensive attention. In this work, a series of UiO-66 based catalysts have been … The effective and deep removal of unreactive sulfides to achieve ultra-low-sulfur or sulfur-free oils has recently attracted extensive attention. In this work, a series of UiO-66 based catalysts have been prepared facilely for the effective removal of unreactive sulfides. Here, the incorporation of nitro functional groups into UiO-66, along with the construction of defects, results in remarkable sulfur removal for dibenzothiophene (DBT), achieving oil with sulfur content of less than 1 ppm. The successful construction of the designed catalysts was verified through a series of characterization studies. The exposed unsaturated metal sites help provide significantly more active reaction sites. In addition, the incorporated nitro group, with its electron-withdrawing property, would help increase the Lewis acidity of the catalytic metal sites. Thus, the catalytic oxidative capability of the designed UiO-66-based catalysts would be significantly increased. The enhanced catalytic oxidative performance helps ensure acceptable sulfur removal for oils with much higher sulfur concentrations. Additionally, the catalyst developed in this work can also be used to remove the derivatives of DBT with even lower reactivity. The relatively mild reaction conditions, combined with the exceptional sulfur removal, demonstrate the practicality of this reaction system.

Hydrodeoxygenation process to obtain green naphtha, kerosene and diesel fractions from mesocarp and kernel oil from Elaeis guineensis fruit

2025-06-14

Fernanda Velázquez-Rodríguez , Felipe Sánchez-Minero , Issis C. Romero‐Ibarra +1 more | Chemical Papers

Elucidating the role of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the transformation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) during the regeneration of spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts

2025-06-14

John Nikko V. Salvilla , Sasha Yang , Qianqian Liu +4 more | Journal of Environmental Management

The emission of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from the industrial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst regenerator is a concerning pollutant that is highly toxic. Yet, the underpinning rationale particularly the role … The emission of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from the industrial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst regenerator is a concerning pollutant that is highly toxic. Yet, the underpinning rationale particularly the role of carbon dioxide (CO2) and its competition with O2, remains poorly understood. Through the tests of three industrial spent FCC catalysts via temperature-programmed oxidation and Chemkin simulation, this study revealed a dual role of CO2 in the transformation of HCN. At high temperatures (e.g. >700oC), the presence of CO2 is in favor of promoting the thermal cracking of coke via the Boudourad reaction, which subsequently accelerates the cracking of the associated N-bearing species for an enhanced formation of HCN. Meanwhile, a high CO2 partial pressure >10 % was found to benefit the generation of OH● and O● radicals, which are the chain carriers for the oxidation of HCN into NOx and/or N2. This is distinct from an environment containing only O2 in N2 in which an optimum O2 partial pressure of ∼1 % maximises the HCN oxidation rate. Higher O2 partial pressure above 1 % leads to an early release of HCN before its ignition temperature, resulting in significant emission of unreacted HCN in the outlet gas. In an O2-CO2-N2 environment, where O2 and CO2 coexist, CO2 can promote additional coke conversion, leading to increased initial HCN formation when the available O2 is insufficient to fully oxidize the coke. During the subsequent gas-phase oxidation of HCN, CO2 competes with O2 for H● radicals, reducing the production of OH● and O● which in turn diminishes the HCN oxidation rates. Additionally, heightened CO formation from the Bouoduard reaction reduced the NOx formed into N2. From a practical implication perspective, these findings underscore the importance of gas conditions and maintaining temperature uniformity across the regenerator to effectively manage the emissions of HCN and other pollutant gases.

Synthesis and characterization of new nanocomposite P2W18Co4@ZnFe2O4@PVA as an efficient and excellent magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst for desulfurization of fuels

2025-06-13

Parisa Afshari , Roushan Khoshnavazi , Mohammad Ali Rezvani | Materials Science and Engineering B

The Catalytic Hydrogenation of Phenanthrene: The Impact of Chrysotile and Coal Shale Catalysts

2025-06-12

М. И. Байкенов , Dariya Izbastenova , Yue Zhang +7 more | Fuels

This paper presents the results of a study of the catalytic hydrogenation of phenanthrene using catalysts based on chrysotile modified with nickel and titanium (chrysotile/NiTi), as well as coal shale. … This paper presents the results of a study of the catalytic hydrogenation of phenanthrene using catalysts based on chrysotile modified with nickel and titanium (chrysotile/NiTi), as well as coal shale. Complex characterization of catalysts in terms of acid, texture and morphological properties was carried out. Pre-reduction in the catalysts has been found to increase the yield of partially and fully hydrogenated products, including tetrahydronaphthalene, trans-decalin and dihydrophenanthrene. Particular attention is paid to the role of coal shale as a donor source of hydrogen in thermolysis conditions. The results of hydrogenation revealed complex mechanisms of phenanthrene transformations, including partial saturation of aromatic rings, desulfurization and the formation of alkyl-substituted compounds. The obtained data emphasize the prospects of using the studied catalysts in the processes of processing heavy and solid hydrocarbon raw materials, which opens up opportunities for creating new technologies for the production of liquid fuel.