Medicine › Epidemiology

Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies

Works Count: 44758

Wikipedia

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the epidemiology, risk factors, incidence, and management of various types of skin cancers, including nonmelanoma skin cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. It also explores the impact of sun exposure, organ transplant recipients, and the use of treatments such as photodynamic therapy and imiquimod cream. The research covers topics related to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of skin cancer.

Keywords

Skin Cancers; Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer; Organ Transplant Recipients; Actinic Keratoses; Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Basal Cell Carcinoma; Photodynamic Therapy; Imiquimod Cream; Metastasis; Sun Exposure

Epidemiology of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer—The Role of Sunlight

2009-01-07

Ulrike Leiter , Claus Garbe

Non‐melanoma skin cancer in Australia: the 2002 national survey and trends since 1985

2006-01-01

Margaret Staples , Mark Elwood , Robert C. Burton +3 more

Objectives: To measure the incidence of treated non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in Australia in 2002 and investigate trends since 1985 by histological type, sex, age group, latitude and skin type. … Objectives: To measure the incidence of treated non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in Australia in 2002 and investigate trends since 1985 by histological type, sex, age group, latitude and skin type. Design: Face-to-face survey between 1 January and 31 December 2002 using stratified sampling of households to identify people treated for skin cancer in the previous 12 months. Self-reported diagnoses were confirmed with treatment providers. Data from similar surveys conducted in 1985, 1990 and 1995 were used to assess trends. Setting: Whole of Australia (population 19.6 million). Participants: Of 57 215 people interviewed, 4098 said they had been treated for skin cancer in the past year and 3198 gave permission for their diagnoses to be confirmed with their doctor. Results: 817 people were confirmed as having at least one skin cancer treated in the past year. The age-standardised rate per 100 000 population for NMSC was 1170, for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) 884, and for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 387. The estimated number of NMSC cases in Australia for 2002 was 374 000. Cumulative risks to age 70 years of having at least one NMSC were 70% for men and 58% for women. Rates of BCC and SCC have increased since 1985, and the increases greatest for people aged 60 years and older; rates for those younger than 60 years have stabilised. Conclusions: The incidence of treated NMSC in Australia in 2002 was more than five times the incidence of all other cancers combined. Although the overall NMSC rates have risen since 1985, the stabilisation of rates for people younger than 60 years who were exposed to skin cancer prevention programs in their youth highlights the importance of maintaining and strengthening these programs.

A systematic review of worldwide incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer

2012-01-17

Andrew Lomas , Jo Leonardi‐Bee , Fiona Bath‐Hextall

Background Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer affecting white‐skinned individuals and the incidence is increasing worldwide. Objectives This systematic review brings together 75 studies conducted over the … Background Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer affecting white‐skinned individuals and the incidence is increasing worldwide. Objectives This systematic review brings together 75 studies conducted over the past half century to look at geographical variations and trends worldwide in NMSC, and specifically incidence data are compared with recent U.K. cancer registry data. Methods Following the development of a comprehensive search strategy, an assessment tool was adapted to look at the methodological quality of the eligible studies. Results Most of the studies focused on white populations in Europe, the U.S.A. and Australia; however, limited data were available for other skin types in regions such as Africa. Worldwide the incidence for NMSC varies widely with the highest rates in Australia [> 1000/100 000 person‐years for basal cell carcinoma (BCC)] and the lowest rates in parts of Africa (< 1/100 000 person‐years for BCC). The average incidence rates in England were 76·21/100 000 person‐years and 22·65/100 000 person‐years for BCC and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), respectively, with highest rates in the South‐West of England (121·29/100 000 person‐years for BCC and 33·02/100 000 person‐years for SCC) and lowest rates by far in London (0·24/100 000 person‐years for BCC and 14·98/100 000 person‐years for SCC). The incidence rates in the U.K. appear to be increasing at a greater rate when compared with the rest of Europe. Conclusions NMSC is an increasing problem for health care services worldwide. This review highlights a requirement for prevention studies in this area and the issues surrounding incomplete NMSC registration. Registration standards of NMSC should be improved to the level of other invasive disease.

A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention

2015-10-22

Andrew C. Chen , Andrew Martin , Bonita Choy +7 more

Nonmelanoma skin cancers, such as basal-cell carcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma, are common cancers that are caused principally by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) has been shown to have protective … Nonmelanoma skin cancers, such as basal-cell carcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma, are common cancers that are caused principally by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) has been shown to have protective effects against damage caused by UV radiation and to reduce the rate of new premalignant actinic keratoses.

View PDF Chat

Nonmelanoma skin cancer in the United States: Incidence

1994-05-01

Dena L. Miller , Martin A. Weinstock

Confocal Imaging–Guided Laser Ablation of Basal Cell Carcinomas: An Ex Vivo Study

2014-09-01

Heidy Sierra , Miguel Córdova , Chih‐Shan Jason Chen +1 more

basal cell carcinoma reflectance confocal microscopy TO THE EDITOR Laser ablation is a promising approach for minimally invasive removal of superficial and early nodular basal cell carcinomas (BCCs; Smucler and … basal cell carcinoma reflectance confocal microscopy TO THE EDITOR Laser ablation is a promising approach for minimally invasive removal of superficial and early nodular basal cell carcinomas (BCCs; Smucler and Vlk, 2008Smucler R. Vlk M. Combination of Er:YAG laser and photodynamic therapy in the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma.Lasers Surg Med. 2008; 40: 153-158Crossref PubMed Scopus (63) Google Scholar; Smucler et al., 2012Smucler R. Kriz M. Lippert J. et al.Ultrasound guided ablative-laser assisted photodynamic therapy of basal cell carcinoma (US-aL-PDT).Photomed Laser Surg. 2012; 30: 200-205Crossref PubMed Scopus (22) Google Scholar). The skin can be removed in μm-thin layers in a well-controlled manner, increasing preservation of the surrounding normal tissue. However, tissue is vaporized such that there is none available for immediate histopathological confirmation. The efficacy tends to be variable and recurrence rate (8.25%) low (Smucler and Vlk, 2008Smucler R. Vlk M. Combination of Er:YAG laser and photodynamic therapy in the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma.Lasers Surg Med. 2008; 40: 153-158Crossref PubMed Scopus (63) Google Scholar), compared with that reported for Mohs surgery (2.1–3.5%; Chren et al., 2011Chren M.M. Torres J.S. Stuart S.E. et al.Recurrence after treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer: a prospective cohort study.Arch Dermatol. 2011; 147: 540-546Crossref PubMed Scopus (73) Google Scholar; Chren et al., 2013Chren M.M. Linos E. Torres J.S. et al.Tumor recurrence 5 years after treatment of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.J Invest Dermatol. 2013; 133: 1188-1196Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (132) Google Scholar), excision (3.5–4.2%), and electrodessication and curettage (1.6–4.9%). Thus, the implementation of laser ablation for BCCs in a clinical setting is still limited. A high-resolution nuclear-level optical imaging approach such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM; Nori et al., 2004Nori S. Rius-Díaz F. Cuevas J. et al.Sensitivity and specificity of reflectance-mode confocal microscopy for in vivo diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma: a multicenter study.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004; 51: 923-930Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (287) Google Scholar; Guitera et al., 2012Guitera P. Menzies S.W. Longo C. et al.In vivo confocal microscopy for diagnosis of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma using a two-step method: analysis of 710 consecutive clinically equivocal cases.J Invest Dermatol. 2012; 132: 2386-2394Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (246) Google Scholar) may guide laser ablation by detecting the presence or clearance of residual BCCs directly on the patient, to provide immediate histopathology-like feedback to improve the efficacy. Preliminary studies in human skin ex vivo with acetic acid for nuclear contrast (Sierra et al., 2013Sierra H. Larson B.A. Chen C. et al.Confocal microscopy to guide erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser ablation of basal cell carcinoma: an ex vivo feasibility study.J Biomed Opt. 2013; 18: 095001Crossref Scopus (14) Google Scholar) and in vivo with aluminum chloride (Chen et al., 2014Chen Ch J. Sierra H. Cordova M. et al.Confocal microscopy guided laser ablation for superficial and early nodular basal cell carcinoma.JAMA Dermatol. 2014; 150: 994-998Crossref PubMed Scopus (39) Google Scholar) revealed feasibility of imaging in post-ablated tissue. However, the imaging was of variable quality. Ablation was performed with a pulsed Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) laser, with pulse duration of ∼250 μs that produces an underlying zone of thermal coagulation of ∼20 μm (Hohenleutner et al., 1997Hohenleutner U. Hohenleutner S. Bäumler W. et al.Fast and effective skin ablation with an Er:YAG laser: determination of ablation rates and thermal damage zones.Lasers Surg Med. 1997; 20: 242-247Crossref PubMed Scopus (156) Google Scholar). We therefore hypothesized that loss of tissue viability due to thermal coagulation must affect the repeatability and consistency of uptake of contrast agent and imaging of residual tumor. We may control thermal coagulation with optimal choice of ablation parameters (pulse duration, fluence, number of pulses, and wavelength). This may subsequently allow repeatable and consistent uptake of contrast agent and imaging of residual nuclear morphology and detection of residual BCC tumors. In this Letter, we report the results of an extended study for determining optimal fluence and number of pulses for a given wavelength and pulse duration. Fifty-eight discarded frozen-thawed BCC specimens from Mohs surgery were obtained under an Institutional review board-approved protocol. The tissue was immersed in acetic acid (5%, 30 s) for brightening nuclear morphology (“acetowhitening”) using a previously described protocol (Patel et al., 2007Patel Y.G. Nehal K.S. Aranda Y.I. et al.Confocal reflectance mosaicing of basal cell carcinomas in Mohs surgical skin excisions.J Biomed Opt. 2007; 12: 034027Crossref Scopus (120) Google Scholar). A reflectance confocal microscope (Vivascope 1500, Caliber Imaging and Diagnostics, Rochester, NY) was used to capture mosaics, displaying areas of 8 mm × 8 mm, of the skin and to determine regions containing BCCs. A selected region containing BCCs was ablated with our Er:YAG laser (Sciton Profile, Palo Alto, CA; wavelength 2.94 μm, spot diameter 4 mm), using fluences of 6.3, 12.5, 17.5, and 25.0 J cm−2 and number of passes 1–8. Each pass is a set of four independent pulses, separated by ∼40 ms. All specimens were imaged, ablated, once again immersed in acetic acid, then imaged and finally processed for frozen histopathology. En face sections were prepared of the ablated surface that was imaged. RCM mosaics were qualitatively evaluated against the corresponding histopathology for the appearance of nuclear, residual BCC tumor, and surrounding dermal morphology. The evaluation showed that a total delivered fluence of up to 150 J cm−2 (maximum fluence 25 J cm−2 and 6 consecutive passes) allows repeatable and consistent uptake of contrast agent and RCM imaging. For higher total fluences, delivered in more than 6 consecutive number of passes without any tissue cooling in-between, the nuclear morphology appears amorphous, and the residual tumor cannot be distinguished from the surrounding dermis. This must be due to the increase in thermal coagulation with increased number of passes (Walsh et al., 1989Walsh J.T. Flotte T.J. Anderson R. et al.Er:YAG laser ablation of tissue: effect of pulse duration and tissue type on thermal damage.Lasers Surg Med. 1989; 9: 314-326Crossref PubMed Scopus (445) Google Scholar; Hohenleutner et al., 1997Hohenleutner U. Hohenleutner S. Bäumler W. et al.Fast and effective skin ablation with an Er:YAG laser: determination of ablation rates and thermal damage zones.Lasers Surg Med. 1997; 20: 242-247Crossref PubMed Scopus (156) Google Scholar). However, in specimens in which ablation was performed with time interval of at least 1–2 s between multiple treatments (each consisting of maximum 6 consecutive passes), for passive cooling of the tissue, we can control thermal coagulation to allow the subsequent uptake of contrast agent and imaging. These observations were confirmed in the histopathology. (The limit of 6 warrants further investigation. Possibly, 6 may not be an intrinsic limit, and active cooling of the skin may allow more number of consecutive passes.) To quantify the accuracy for detecting the clearance or the presence of tumor after ablation, 15 specimens were selected. We selected specimens with reasonably consistent initial conditions: (a) contained large tumors and (b) treated with highest available fluence of 25 J cm−2 and a total of 1–10 passes, with no more than 6 consecutive passes per treatment. The presence or absence of tumor was evaluated in 30 half-mosaics (approximately × 5 magnification) against histopathology. The clearance rate, sensitivity, and specificity were estimated. RCM imaging found an overall clearance rate of 40% compared with 23% by inspection of histopathology. Agreement between the confocal assessment for the presence of residual tumor with histopathology was 77%. The preliminary measures of accuracy are 74% sensitivity and 86% specificity. To mimic in vivo conditions, 10 additional specimens with intact stratum corneum were imaged and ablated with the intention of completely clearing tumor, using fluence of 25 J cm−2 and one treatment, each of 1–6 passes. The number of passes were determined on the basis of the depth of the tumor, as estimated with pre-ablation imaging. (We have previously characterized depth of ablation per pass with fluence for this laser (Sierra et al., 2013Sierra H. Larson B.A. Chen C. et al.Confocal microscopy to guide erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser ablation of basal cell carcinoma: an ex vivo feasibility study.J Biomed Opt. 2013; 18: 095001Crossref Scopus (14) Google Scholar).) After ablation, a RCM mosaic of the ablated surface was captured. Vertical frozen sections were then prepared from the superficial and deep margins of the ablated regions. Figure 1 demonstrates the ability of RCM imaging to detect the presence and clearance of residual BCC tumor. Mosaics and images are shown of a specimen that was ablated through intact stratum corneum, with fluence of 25 J cm−2 and 6 passes. Vertical histopathology sections through the ablated region confirmed the observations at the superficial and deep margins of the post-ablated wounds. In Figure 1a, a pre-ablation mosaic at the dermal–epidermal junction (∼130 μm depth) shows nodular BCCs (region inside both solid and dotted yellow squares). Enlarged views of the two regions within these solid and dotted squares (Figure 1b and c, respectively) show more clearly clusters of bright densely distributed nuclei and the nodular morphology of the tumors. Figure 1d shows a post-ablation mosaic. An enlarged view (Figure 1e) of the area in the solid yellow square shows only dermal collagen and confirms clearance of tumor. By comparison, an enlarged view (Figure 1f) of the region within the dashed yellow square shows clusters of densely distributed bright nuclei closer to the edge of the wound and indicates the presence of residual tumor. Figure 1g shows a vertical frozen histopathology section through the wound, at the location of the dashed orange line in Figure 1d. The section confirms the clearance of tumor in the center of the wound (solid black rectangle, which corresponds to the location of the dashed orange line within the solid yellow square in Figure 1d) and the presence of residual tumor closer to the edge (dashed black rectangle, which corresponds to the location of the dashed orange line within the dashed yellow square in Figure 1d). The pathology indicates the maximum depth of ablation to be ∼160 μm, and a thin layer of darker stained amorphous tissue (not obvious at low magnification) indicates a thermal coagulation zone of approximately 20–30 μm. Figure 1h and i show magnified views of the histopathology (corresponding to the location of the dashed orange line in Figure 1e and f), which further confirms, respectively, the clearance and the presence of tumor. For all 10 specimens, the histopathology sections confirm the observations in RCM mosaics regarding clearance of tumor or presence. The clearance, as intended, was seen in 9 specimens (true negatives) and the (unintended) presence in 1 (“false negative”). These initial results suggest that imaging may enable less invasive treatment via localized control on the depth of ablation, with potentially high negative predictive value. Furthermore, the estimation of lateral margins (not performed here, but feasible on patients (Pan et al., 2012Pan Z.Y. Lin J.R. Cheng T.T. et al.In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of Basal cell carcinoma: feasibility of preoperative mapping of cancer margins.Dermatol Surg. 2012; 38: 1945-1950Crossref PubMed Scopus (43) Google Scholar)), in addition to depth, may improve the accuracy of ablation. However, the results highlight the current limitation of the imaging, which is mainly contrast (while resolution appears to be sufficient) for detectability of residual tumors. Further investigation and optimization of this approach for enhancement of tumor-to-dermis contrast is necessary. Our work, together with other studies in vivo (Tannous et al., 2003Tannous Z. Torres A. González S. In vivo real-time confocal reflectance microscopy: a noninvasive guide for Mohs micrographic surgery facilitated by aluminum chloride, an excellent contrast enhancer.Dermatol Surg. 2003; 29: 839-846PubMed Google Scholar; Nori et al., 2004Nori S. Rius-Díaz F. Cuevas J. et al.Sensitivity and specificity of reflectance-mode confocal microscopy for in vivo diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma: a multicenter study.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004; 51: 923-930Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (287) Google Scholar; Scope et al., 2010Scope A. Mahmood U. Gareau D.S. et al.In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of shave biopsy wounds: feasibility of intra-operative mapping of cancer margins.Br J Dermatol. 2010; 163: 1218-1228Crossref PubMed Scopus (56) Google Scholar; Guitera et al., 2012Guitera P. Menzies S.W. Longo C. et al.In vivo confocal microscopy for diagnosis of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma using a two-step method: analysis of 710 consecutive clinically equivocal cases.J Invest Dermatol. 2012; 132: 2386-2394Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (246) Google Scholar; Pan et al., 2012Pan Z.Y. Lin J.R. Cheng T.T. et al.In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of Basal cell carcinoma: feasibility of preoperative mapping of cancer margins.Dermatol Surg. 2012; 38: 1945-1950Crossref PubMed Scopus (43) Google Scholar; Chen et al., 2014Chen Ch J. Sierra H. Cordova M. et al.Confocal microscopy guided laser ablation for superficial and early nodular basal cell carcinoma.JAMA Dermatol. 2014; 150: 994-998Crossref PubMed Scopus (39) Google Scholar), suggests the potential possibility of peri-operative RCM imaging of superficial and early nodular BCCs to guide noninvasive diagnosis, pretreatment detection of tumor margins, less invasive (ablative) treatment, and post-treatment monitoring, directly on the patient. The ablation may be combined with other approaches such as debulking of tumor for enhancing the efficacy of treatment. Further clinical studies must be performed to rigorously test for accuracy (particularly, negative predictive value and recurrence rate for different subtypes of BCCs), combined with training for reading and interpretation of images. We thank the National Institutes of Health for funding support (grant R01EB012466 from NIBIB’s Image-guided Interventions program).

View PDF Chat

THE EXPANSION OF AN AREA OF SKIN BY PROGRESSIVE DISTENTION OF A SUBCUTANEOUS BALLOON

1957-02-01

CHARLES G. NEUMANN

From the Department of Surgery, New York University Post Graduate Medical School and the Fourth Surgical Division of Bellevue Hospital, New York From the Department of Surgery, New York University Post Graduate Medical School and the Fourth Surgical Division of Bellevue Hospital, New York

The Pathogenesis of Melanoma Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation

1999-04-29

Barbara A. Gilchrest , Mark S. Eller , Alan C. Geller +1 more

Skin cancers, predominantly basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas, have accounted for an estimated 40 percent of all cancers in the United States in recent years, and their frequency has been increasing.1,2 … Skin cancers, predominantly basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas, have accounted for an estimated 40 percent of all cancers in the United States in recent years, and their frequency has been increasing.1,2 The frequency of malignant melanoma, by far the most common fatal skin cancer, has also increased, by a factor of approximately 15 in the past 60 years.35 In 1997, more than 40,000 new cases of malignant melanoma were diagnosed in the United States, and more than 7200 patients with the disease died.1 Moreover, malignant melanoma is one of the most common cancers in young adults.6 Efforts to educate . . .

Prevalence and Costs of Skin Cancer Treatment in the U.S., 2002−2006 and 2007−2011

2014-11-10

Gery P. Guy , Steven R. Machlin , Donatus U. Ekwueme +1 more

View PDF Chat

Mohs Surgery Is the Treatment of Choice for Recurrent (Previously Treated) Basal Cell Carcinoma

1989-04-01

Dan Rowe , Raymond J. Carroll , Calvin L. Day

Abstract. We reviewed all studies (since 1945) reporting recurrence rates for treatment of recurrent (previously treated) basal cell carcinomas (BCC) using surgical excision, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, curettage and electrodesiccation, and Mohs … Abstract. We reviewed all studies (since 1945) reporting recurrence rates for treatment of recurrent (previously treated) basal cell carcinomas (BCC) using surgical excision, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, curettage and electrodesiccation, and Mohs micrographic surgery. The 5‐year recurrence rate for Mohs micrographic surgery is 5.6%. The recurrence rate for non‐Mohs modalities of 19.9% is nearly four times higher. Individual recurrence rates for the non‐Mohs modalities are 17.4% for surgical excision, 40.0% for curettage and electrodesiccation, and 9.8% for radiation therapy. There are no studies reporting 5‐year data for cryotherapy. However, the recurrence rate is 13.0% for cryotherapy when the follow‐up period is less than five years. The data support the following conclusions: (1) Mohs surgery is the treatment of choice for recurrent BCC; (2) if the patient is not a surgical candidate and the lesion is small, radiation therapy is an alternative that offers a better chance for cure than the other non‐Mohs modalities; and (3) curettage and electrodesiccation should not be used to treat recurrent basal cell carcinoma.

Congenital Curvature of the Phallus: Report of Three Cases with Description of Corrective Operation

1965-02-01

Reed M. Nesbit

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Feb 1965Congenital Curvature of the Phallus: Report of Three Cases with Description of Corrective Operation Reed M. Nesbit Reed M. NesbitReed M. Nesbit View All Author … No AccessJournal of Urology1 Feb 1965Congenital Curvature of the Phallus: Report of Three Cases with Description of Corrective Operation Reed M. Nesbit Reed M. NesbitReed M. Nesbit View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)63751-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1965 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByCordon B, Sundaram V, Hofer M, Kavoussi N, Scott J and Morey A (2018) Penile Plication as Salvage Strategy for Refractory Peyronie's Disease DeformitiesUrology Practice, VOL. 4, NO. 2, (149-154), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2017.Spinoit A, Van Praet C, Groen L, Van Laecke E, Praet M and Hoebeke P (2018) Congenital Penile Pathology is Associated with Abnormal Development of the Dartos Muscle: A Prospective Study of Primary Penile Surgery at a Tertiary Referral CenterJournal of Urology, VOL. 193, NO. 5, (1620-1624), Online publication date: 1-May-2015.Mokhless I, Youssif M, Orabi S and Ehnaish M (2009) Corporeal Body Grafting Using Buccal Mucosa for Posterior Hypospadias With Severe CurvatureJournal of Urology, VOL. 182, NO. 4S, (1726-1729), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2009.Colpi G, Piediferro G, Castiglioni F, Contalbi G and Carmignani L (2018) Penile Septoplasty for Congenital Ventral Penile Curvature: Results in 51 PatientsJournal of Urology, VOL. 182, NO. 4, (1489-1494), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2009.Nyirády P, Kelemen Z, Bánfi G, Rusz A, Majoros A and Romics I (2018) Management of Congenital Penile CurvatureJournal of Urology, VOL. 179, NO. 4, (1495-1498), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2008.Braga L, Lorenzo A, Bägli D, Dave S, Eeg K, Farhat W, Pippi Salle J and Khoury A (2008) Ventral Penile Lengthening Versus Dorsal Plication for Severe Ventral Curvature in Children With Proximal HypospadiasJournal of Urology, VOL. 180, NO. 4S, (1743-1748), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2008.Greenfield J, Lucas S and Levine L (2018) Factors Affecting the Loss of Length Associated With Tunica Albuginea Plication for Correction of Penile CurvatureJournal of Urology, VOL. 175, NO. 1, (238-241), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2006.Yucel S, Sanli A, Kukul E, Karaguzel G, Melikoglu M and Guntekin E (2018) Midline Dorsal Plication to Repair Recurrent Chordee at Reoperation for Hypospadias Surgery ComplicationJournal of Urology, VOL. 175, NO. 2, (699-703), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2006.ROLLE L, TAMAGNONE A, TIMPANO M, DESTEFANIS P, FIORI C, CERUTI C and FONTANA D (2018) THE NESBIT OPERATION FOR PENILE CURVATURE: AN EASY AND EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL MODIFICATIONJournal of Urology, VOL. 173, NO. 1, (171-174), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2005.GIAMMUSSO B, BURRELLO M, BRANCHINA A, NICOLOSI F and MOTTA M (2018) Modified Corporoplasty for Ventral Penile Curvature: Description of the Technique and Initial ResultsJournal of Urology, VOL. 171, NO. 3, (1209-1211), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2004.YOSEF Y, BINYAMINI J, MATZKIN H and BEN-CHAIM J (2018) MIDLINE DORSAL PLICATION TECHNIQUE FOR PENILE CURVATURE REPAIRJournal of Urology, VOL. 172, NO. 4 Part 1, (1368-1369), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2004.CHIEN G and ABOSEIF S (2018) Corporeal Plication for the Treatment of Congenital Penile CurvatureJournal of Urology, VOL. 169, NO. 2, (599-602), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2003.GHOLAMI S, GONZALEZ-CADAVID N, LIN C, RAJFER J and LUE T (2018) Peyronie's Disease: A ReviewJournal of Urology, VOL. 169, NO. 4, (1234-1241), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2003.van der HORST C, MARTÍNEZ PORTILLO F, MELCHIOR D, BROSS S, ALKEN P and JUENEMANN K (2018) Polytetrafluoroethylene Versus Polypropylene Sutures for Essed-schroeder Tunical PlicationJournal of Urology, VOL. 170, NO. 2, (472-475), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2003.HATZICHRISTOU D, HATZIMOURATIDIS K, APOSTOLIDIS A, TZORTZIS V, BEKOS A and IOANNIDIS E (2018) CORPOROPLASTY USING TUNICA ALBUGINEA FREE GRAFTS FOR PENILE CURVATURE: SURGICAL TECHNIQUE AND LONG-TERM RESULTSJournal of Urology, VOL. 167, NO. 3, (1367-1370), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2002.GHOLAMI S and LUE T (2018) Correction of Penile Curvature Using The 16-DOT Plication Technique: A Review of 132 PatientsJournal of Urology, VOL. 167, NO. 5, (2066-2069), Online publication date: 1-May-2002.DAREWICZ B, KUDELSKI J, SZYNAKA B, NOWAK H and DAREWICZ J (2018) ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE TUNICA ALBUGINEA IN CONGENITAL PENILE CURVATUREJournal of Urology, VOL. 166, NO. 5, (1766-1768), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2001.CHUN J, McGREGOR A, KRISHNAN R and CARSON C (2018) A COMPARISON OF DERMAL AND CADAVERIC PERICARDIAL GRAFTS IN THE MODIFIED HORTON-DEVINE PROCEDURE FOR PEYRONIE'S DISEASEJournal of Urology, VOL. 166, NO. 1, (185-188), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2001.YANG S, CHEN Y, HSIEH C and CHEN S (2018) PRESERVATION OF THE THIN DISTAL URETHRA IN HYPOSPADIAS REPAIRJournal of Urology, VOL. 164, NO. 1, (151-153), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2000.HELLSTROM W and REDDY S (2018) APPLICATION OF PERICARDIAL GRAFT IN THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PEYRONIE'S DISEASEJournal of Urology, VOL. 163, NO. 5, (1445-1447), Online publication date: 1-May-2000.LUE T and EL-SAKKA A (2018) LENGTHENING SHORTENED PENIS CAUSED BY PEYRONIE'S DISEASE USING CIRCULAR VENOUS GRAFTING AND DAILY STRETCHING WITH A VACUUM ERECTION DEVICEJournal of Urology, VOL. 161, NO. 4, (1141-1144), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1999.DECTER R (2018) CHORDEE CORRECTION BY CORPORAL ROTATION: THE SPLIT AND ROLL TECHNIQUEJournal of Urology, VOL. 162, NO. 3 Part 2, (1152-1154), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1999.DECTER R and FRANZONI D (2018) DISTAL HYPOSPADIAS REPAIR BY THE MODIFIED THIERSCH-DUPLAY TECHNIQUE WITH OR WITHOUT HINGING THE URETHRAL PLATE: A NEAR IDEAL WAY TO CORRECT DISTAL HYPOSPADIASJournal of Urology, VOL. 162, NO. 3 Part 2, (1156-1158), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1999.DAITCH J, ANGERMEIER K and MONTAGUE D (2018) MODIFIED CORPOROPLASTY FOR PENILE CURVATURE: LONG-TERM RESULTS AND PATIENT SATISFACTIONJournal of Urology, VOL. 162, NO. 6, (2006-2009), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1999.LUE T and EL-SAKKA A (2018) VENOUS PATCH GRAFT FOR PEYRONIE'S DISEASE. PART I: TECHNIQUEJournal of Urology, VOL. 160, NO. 6 Part 1, (2047-2049), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1998.LINDGREN B, REDA E, LEVITT S, BROCK W and FRANCO I (2018) SINGLE AND MULTIPLE DERMAL GRAFTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE PENILE CURVATUREJournal of Urology, VOL. 160, NO. 3 Part 2, (1128-1130), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1998.Caione P, Capozza N, Lais A, Ferro F, Matarazzo E and Nappo S (2018) Long-term Results of Distal Urethral Advancement Glanuloplasty for Distal HypospadiasJournal of Urology, VOL. 158, NO. 3, (1168-1171), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1997.Rehman J, Benet A, Minsky L and Melman A (2018) Results of Surgical Treatment for Abnormal Penile Curvature: Peyronie's Disease and Congenital Deviation by Modified Nesbit Plication (Tunical Shaving and Plication)Journal of Urology, VOL. 157, NO. 4, (1288-1291), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1997.Ralph D, Al-Akraa M and Pryor J (2018) Nesbit Operation for Peyronie's Disease: 16-Year ExperienceJournal of Urology, VOL. 154, NO. 4, (1362-1363), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1995.Kirsch A, Chang D, Miller M, Connor J, Hensle T and Shabsigh R (2018) Laser Welding Versus Suturing in Tunica Vaginalis and Venous Patch Graft CorporoplastyJournal of Urology, VOL. 154, NO. 2, (854-857), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1995.Ganabathi K, Dmochowski R, Zimmern P and Leach G (2018) Peyronie's Disease: Surgical Treatment Based on Penile RigidityJournal of Urology, VOL. 153, NO. 3, (662-666), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1995.Rigaud G and Berger R (2018) Corrective Procedures for Penile Shortening Due to Peyronie's DiseaseJournal of Urology, VOL. 153, NO. 2, (368-370), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1995.Wilson S and Delk J (2018) A New Treatment for Peyronie's Disease: Modeling the Penis Over an Inflatable Penile ProsthesisJournal of Urology, VOL. 152, NO. 4, (1121-1123), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1994.Baskin L, Duckett J, Ueoka K, Seibold J and Snyder H (2018) Changing Concepts of Hypospadias Curvature Lead to More Onlay Island Flap ProceduresJournal of Urology, VOL. 151, NO. 1, (191-196), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1994.Baskin L and Duckett J (2018) Dorsal Tunica Albuginea Plication for Hypospadias CurvatureJournal of Urology, VOL. 151, NO. 6, (1668-1671), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1994.Kass E (2018) Dorsal Corporeal Rotation: An Alternative Technique for the Management of Severe ChordeeJournal of Urology, VOL. 150, NO. 2 Part 2, (635-636), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1993.Montorsi F, Guazzoni G, Bergamaschi F and Rigatti P (2018) Patient-Partner Satisfaction with Semirigid Penile Prostheses for Peyronie's Disease: A 5-Year Followup StudyJournal of Urology, VOL. 150, NO. 6, (1819-1821), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1993.Faerber G and Konnak J (2018) Results of Combined Nesbit Penile Plication with Plaque Incision and Placement of Dacron Patch in Patients with Severe Peyronie's DiseaseJournal of Urology, VOL. 149, NO. 5 Part 2, (1319-1320), Online publication date: 1-May-1993.Fournier G, Lue T and Tanagho E (2018) Peyronie's Plaque: Surgical Treatment with the Carbon Dioxide Laser and a Deep Dorsal Vein Patch GraftJournal of Urology, VOL. 149, NO. 5 Part 2, (1321-1325), Online publication date: 1-May-1993.Donatucci C and Lue T (2018) Correction of Penile Deformity Assisted by Intracavernous Injection of PapaverineJournal of Urology, VOL. 147, NO. 4, (1108-1110), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1992.Hendren W and Caesar R (2018) Chordee without Hypospadias: Experience with 33 CasesJournal of Urology, VOL. 147, NO. 1, (107-109), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1992.Slawin K and Nagler H (2018) Treatment of Congenital Penile Curvature with Penile Torsion: A New TwistJournal of Urology, VOL. 147, NO. 1, (152-154), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1992.Devine C, Blackley S, Horton C and Gilbert D (2018) The Surgical Treatment of Chordee Without Hypospadias in MenJournal of Urology, VOL. 146, NO. 2 Part 1, (325-329), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1991.Erpenbach K, Rothe H and Derschum W (2018) The Penile Plication Procedure: An Alternative Method for Straightening Penile DeviationJournal of Urology, VOL. 146, NO. 5, (1276-1278), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1991.Mufti G, Aitchison M, Bramwell S, Paterson P and Scott R (2018) Corporeal Plication for Surgical Correction of Peyronie's DiseaseJournal of Urology, VOL. 144, NO. 2 Part 1, (281-282), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1990.Rober P, Perlmutter A and Reitelman C (2018) Experience with 81, 1-Stage Hypospadias/Chordee Repairs with Free Graft UrethroplastiesJournal of Urology, VOL. 144, NO. 2 Part 2, (526-529), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1990.Yachia D (2018) Modified Corporoplasty for the Treatment of Penile CurvatureJournal of Urology, VOL. 143, NO. 1, (80-82), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1990.Hollowell J, Keating M, Snyder H and Duckett J (2018) Preservation of the Urethral Plate in Hypospadias Repair: Extended Applications and Further Experience with the Onlay Island Flap UrethroplastyJournal of Urology, VOL. 143, NO. 1, (98-100), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1990.Belman A (2018) Editorial CommentJournal of Urology, VOL. 143, NO. 1, (100-101), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1990.Viljoen I and Beukes C (2018) Megacyst of the PenisJournal of Urology, VOL. 142, NO. 5, (1293-1295), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1989.Sislow J, Ireton R and Ansell J (2018) Treatment of Congenital Penile Curvature Due to Disparate Corpora Cavernosa by the Nesbit Technique: A Rule of Thumb for the Number of Wedges of Tunica Required to Achieve CorrectionJournal of Urology, VOL. 141, NO. 1, (92-93), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1989.Goldstein M and Blumberg N (2018) Correction of Severe Penile Curves with Tunica Albuginea AutograftsJournal of Urology, VOL. 139, NO. 6, (1269-1270), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1988.Thomas R, Palomar J, Evans B and Lewis R (2018) Correction of Intrinsic Penile Chordee with a Ventral Penile Graft of Fascia LataJournal of Urology, VOL. 140, NO. 1, (191-193), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1988.Begliomini H, Francisco C and Gorga A (2018) Merle's Co-Denomination for the Techniques of Penile Plication for the Correction of Peyronie's Disease: A Well Deserved HomageJournal of Urology, VOL. 140, NO. 2, (386-386), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1988.Hendren W and Keating M (2018) Use of Dermal Graft and Free Urethral Graft in Penile ReconstructionJournal of Urology, VOL. 140, NO. 5 Part 2, (1265-1268), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1988.Mulcahy J (2018) Use of CX Cylinders in Association with AMS700 Inflatable Penile ProsthesisJournal of Urology, VOL. 140, NO. 6, (1420-1421), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1988.Yachia D (2018) Pedicled Scrotal Skin Advancement for One-Stage Anterior Urethral Reconstruction in Circumcised PatientsJournal of Urology, VOL. 139, NO. 5, (1007-1009), Online publication date: 1-May-1988.Zukerman Z, Goldberg I, Neri A and Ovadia J (2018) Couple Sex Therapy for Dysfunctions Associated with Congenital Penile CurvatureJournal of Urology, VOL. 139, NO. 5, (1051-1052), Online publication date: 1-May-1988.Devine C (2018) Editorial CommentJournal of Urology, VOL. 140, NO. 5 Part 2, (1268-1269), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1988.Mulcahy J and Rowland R (2018) Tunica Wedge Excision to Correct Penile Curvature Associated with the Inflatable Penile ProsthesisJournal of Urology, VOL. 138, NO. 1, (63-64), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1987.Perlmutter A, Montgomery B and Steinhardt G (2018) Tunica Vaginalis Free Graft for the Correction of ChordeeJournal of Urology, VOL. 134, NO. 2, (311-313), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1985.Goldstein M, Laungani G, Abrahams J and Waterhouse K (2018) Correction of Adult Penile Curvature with a Nesbit OperationJournal of Urology, VOL. 131, NO. 1, (56-57), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1984.Coughlin P, Carson C and Paulson D (2018) Surgical Correction of Peyronie's Disease: The Nesbit ProcedureJournal of Urology, VOL. 131, NO. 2, (282-285), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1984.Benson R and Patterson D (2018) The Nesbit Procedure for Peyronie's DiseaseJournal of Urology, VOL. 130, NO. 4, (692-694), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1983.Kramer S, Aybin G and Kelalis P (2018) Chordee Without Hypospadias in ChildrenJournal of Urology, VOL. 128, NO. 3, (559-561), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1982.Gangai M, Rivera L and Spence C (2018) Peyronie's Plaque: Excision and Graft Versus Incision and StentJournal of Urology, VOL. 127, NO. 1, (55-56), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1982.Udall D (2018) Correction of 3 Types of Congenital Curvatures of the Penis, Including the First Reported Case of Dorsal CurvatureJournal of Urology, VOL. 124, NO. 1, (50-52), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1980.T.D.A. (2018) Editorial CommentJournal of Urology, VOL. 124, NO. 1, (52-52), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1980.Pryor J and Fitzpatrick J (2018) A New Approach to the Correction of the Penile Deformity in Peyronie's DiseaseJournal of Urology, VOL. 122, NO. 5, (622-623), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1979.Redman J (2018) Dorsal Cutaneous Penile Hump: A Key to Occult ChordeeJournal of Urology, VOL. 120, NO. 5, (636-637), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1978.Redman J (2018) Extended Application of Nesbit Ellipses in the Correction of Childhood Penile CurvatureJournal of Urology, VOL. 119, NO. 1, (122-123), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1978.Waterhouse K (2018) The Surgical Repair of Membranous Urethral Strictures in ChildrenJournal of Urology, VOL. 116, NO. 3, (363-365), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1976.Fitzpatrick T (2018) Hemihypertrophy of the Human Corpus CavernosumJournal of Urology, VOL. 115, NO. 5, (560-561), Online publication date: 1-May-1976.Kaplan G and Lamm D (2018) Embryogenesis of ChordeeJournal of Urology, VOL. 114, NO. 5, (769-772), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1975.Gavrell G (2018) Congenital Curvature of the PenisJournal of Urology, VOL. 112, NO. 4, (489-490), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1974.Devine C and Horton C (2018) Chordee without HypospadiasJournal of Urology, VOL. 110, NO. 2, (264-271), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1973.Saalfeld J, Ehrlich R, Michael Gross J and Kaufman J (2018) Congenital Curvature of the Penis: Successful Results with Variations in CorporoplastyJournal of Urology, VOL. 109, NO. 1, (64-65), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1973.Correa R (2018) Congenital Curvature of the PenisJournal of Urology, VOL. 106, NO. 6, (881-882), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1971.Nesbit R (2018) Operation for Correction of Distal Penile Ventral Curvature with or Without HypospadiasJournal of Urology, VOL. 97, NO. 4, (720-722), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1967. Volume 93Issue 2February 1965Page: 230-232 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1965 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Reed M. Nesbit More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Skin cancer in skin of color

2006-10-18

Hugh Morris Gloster , KENNETH W. NEAL

Cutaneous Squamous-Cell Carcinoma

2001-03-29

Murad Alam , Désirée Ratner

Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, with over 1.3 million cases expected to occur in the year 2001. Approximately 80 percent of nonmelanoma skin … Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, with over 1.3 million cases expected to occur in the year 2001. Approximately 80 percent of nonmelanoma skin cancers are basal-cell carcinomas, and 20 percent are squamous-cell carcinomas.1 Squamous-cell carcinoma is the second most common cancer among whites.2 Unlike almost all basal-cell carcinomas, cutaneous squamous-cell carcinomas are associated with a substantial risk of metastasis.IncidenceIn 1994 in the United States, the lifetime risk of squamous-cell carcinoma was 9 to 14 percent among men and 4 to 9 percent among women.3 Although it is known that this neoplasm . . .

Skin cancer in organ transplant recipients: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management

2002-07-01

Daniel Berg , Clark C. Otley

Incidence Estimate of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in the United States, 2006

2010-03-01

Howard W. Rogers , Martin A. Weinstock , Ashlynne R. Harris +4 more

<h3>Objectives</h3> To estimate the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in the US population in 2006 and secondarily to indicate trends in numbers of procedures for skin cancer treatment. <h3>Design</h3> … <h3>Objectives</h3> To estimate the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in the US population in 2006 and secondarily to indicate trends in numbers of procedures for skin cancer treatment. <h3>Design</h3> A descriptive analysis of population-based claims and US Census Bureau data combined with a population-based cross-sectional survey using multiple US government data sets, including the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Fee-for-Service Physicians Claims databases, to calculate totals of skin cancer procedures performed for Medicare beneficiaries in 1992 and from 1996 to 2006 and related parameters. The National Ambulatory Medical Care Service database was used to estimate NMSC-related office visits. We combined these to estimate totals of new skin cancer diagnoses and affected individuals in the overall US population. <h3>Results</h3> The total number of procedures for skin cancer in the Medicare fee-for-service population increased by 76.9% from 1 158 298 in 1992 to 2 048 517 in 2006. The age-adjusted procedure rate per year per 100 000 beneficiaries increased from 3514 in 1992 to 6075 in 2006. From 2002 to 2006 (the years for which the databases allow procedure linkage to patient demographics and diagnoses), the number of procedures for NMSC in the Medicare population increased by 16.0%. In this period, the number of procedures per affected patient increased by 1.5%, and the number of persons with at least 1 procedure increased by 14.3%. We estimate the total number of NMSCs in the US population in 2006 at 3 507 693 and the total number of persons in the United States treated for NMSC at 2 152 500. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The number of skin cancers in Medicare beneficiaries increased dramatically over the years 1992 to 2006, due mainly to an increase in the number of affected individuals. Using nationally representative databases, we provide evidence of much higher overall totals of skin cancer diagnoses and patients in the US population than previous estimates. These data give the most complete evaluation to date of the underrecognized epidemic of skin cancer in the United States.

View PDF Chat

Incidence Estimate of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer (Keratinocyte Carcinomas) in the US Population, 2012

2015-04-30

Howard W. Rogers , Martin A. Weinstock , Steven R. Feldman +1 more

Understanding skin cancer incidence is critical for planning prevention and treatment strategies and allocating medical resources. However, owing to lack of national reporting and previously nonspecific diagnosis classification, accurate measurement … Understanding skin cancer incidence is critical for planning prevention and treatment strategies and allocating medical resources. However, owing to lack of national reporting and previously nonspecific diagnosis classification, accurate measurement of the US incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been difficult. To estimate the incidence of NMSC (keratinocyte carcinomas) in the US population in 2012 and the incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the 2012 Medicare fee-for-service population. This study analyzes US government administrative data including the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Physicians Claims databases to calculate totals of skin cancer procedures performed for Medicare beneficiaries from 2006 through 2012 and related parameters. The population-based National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey database was used to estimate NMSC-related office visits for 2012. We combined these analyses to estimate totals of new skin cancer diagnoses and affected individuals in the overall US population. Incidence of NMSC in the US population in 2012 and BCC and SCC in the 2012 Medicare fee-for-service population. The total number of procedures for skin cancer in the Medicare fee-for-service population increased by 13% from 2,048,517 in 2006 to 2,321,058 in 2012. The age-adjusted skin cancer procedure rate per 100,000 beneficiaries increased from 6075 in 2006 to 7320 in 2012. The number of procedures in Medicare beneficiaries specific for NMSC increased by 14% from 1,918,340 in 2006 to 2,191,100 in 2012. The number of persons with at least 1 procedure for NMSC increased by 14% (from 1,177,618 to 1,336,800) from 2006 through 2012. In the 2012 Medicare fee-for-service population, the age-adjusted procedure rate for BCC and SCC were 3280 and 3278 per 100,000 beneficiaries, respectively. The ratio of BCC to SCC treated in Medicare beneficiaries was 1.0. We estimate the total number of NMSCs in the US population in 2012 at 5,434,193 and the total number of persons in the United States treated for NMSC at 3,315,554. This study is a thorough nationwide estimate of the incidence of NMSC and provides evidence of continued increases in numbers of skin cancer diagnoses and affected patients in the United States. This study also demonstrates equal incidence rates for BCC and SCC in the Medicare population.

View PDF Chat

The Epidemiology of Skin Cancer

1996-03-01

Hugh Morris Gloster , David G. Brodland

BACKGROUND The incidence of skin cancer is increasing at an alarming rate. OBJECTIVE To discuss current epidemiologic data concerning the incidence, morbidity, environmental influences, predisposing, host conditions, precursor lesions, and … BACKGROUND The incidence of skin cancer is increasing at an alarming rate. OBJECTIVE To discuss current epidemiologic data concerning the incidence, morbidity, environmental influences, predisposing, host conditions, precursor lesions, and prevention of melanoma and nonmelanoma (basal and squamous cell) skin cancer. METHODS The current literature ions reviewed in order to provide current epidemiologic data for melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), mid squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). RESULTS Skin cancer is exceedingly common and the incidence is rising rapidly. Although the mortality rate for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is decreasing, that of melanoma is increasing. Both NMSC and melanoma are associated with significant morbidity. Whereas chronic sun exposure is the main cause of NMSC, the development of melanoma appears to be related to intense, intermittent sun exposure. Ozone depletion has contributed to rising incidence rates of both NMSC and melanoma. In contrast to NMSC, there is not a direct relationship between ultraviolet radiation and melanoma. Genetic susceptibility significantly increases the lifetime risk of acquiring melanoma. There is no precursor lesion for BCC. Precursor lesions for invasive SCC include actinic keratoses and SCC in situ. Melanoma may arise from benign nevi and dysplastic nevi. Prevention of melanoma and NMSC is extremely important since prognosis improves with early detection. Prevention may be achieved by educating patients and physicians how to detect skin cancers early and by decreasing or eliminating exposure to ultraviolet light. CONCLUSION The incidence of skin cancer has readied epidemic proportions. Only through heroic efforts by health care professionals and the general public to prevent the development or progression of skin cancer will this epidemic be abated. Dermatol Surg 1996;22:217-226.

Skin cancer in kidney and heart transplant recipients and different long-term immunosuppressive therapy regimens

1999-02-01

Petter Jensen , Svein Hansen , Bjørn Møller +5 more

INCIDENCE OF SKIN CANCER AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION IN THE NETHERLANDS

1990-03-01

M. Hartevelt , Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck , A. M. M. Kootte +2 more

The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was analyzed separately in all 764 patients who received a renal allograft between 1966 and 1988 at the … The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was analyzed separately in all 764 patients who received a renal allograft between 1966 and 1988 at the Leiden University Hospital. The mean follow-up period was 8.7 posttransplant years (range 1-21 years). During this time period 176 skin cancers were diagnosed in 47 patients. The overall risk to develop a first tumor increased from 10% after 10 years to 40% after 20 years of graft survival. The overall incidence of SCC was 250 times higher and that of BCC 10 times higher when compared with the general Dutch population. Moreover the localization of SCCs and BCCs differed considerably. Solar radiation is thought to be an important risk factor for the development of skin cancer. However, the occurrence of skin cancer in long-term graft survivors forms also a major problem in a country with a higher geographical latitude and a moderate amount of sun-exposure, such as the Netherlands.

MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION OF SOLAR KERATOSES TO SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

1988-04-01

Robin Marks , George Rennie , ThomasS. Selwood

Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results from two phase III, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies

2004-04-26

John K. Geisse , Ivor Caro , Jane S. Lindholm +3 more

Factors Predictive of Recurrence and Death From Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2013-05-01

Chrysalyne D. Schmults , Pritesh S. Karia , Joi B. Carter +2 more

Importance: Although most cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) are easily cured with surgery or ablation, a subset of these tumors recur, metastasize, and cause death.We conducted the largest … Importance: Although most cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) are easily cured with surgery or ablation, a subset of these tumors recur, metastasize, and cause death.We conducted the largest study of CSCC outcomes since 1968.Objective: To identify risk factors independently associated with poor outcomes in primary CSCC.Design: A 10-year retrospective cohort study.Setting: An academic hospital in Boston.Participants: Nine hundred eighty-five patients with 1832 tumors.Main Outcomes and Measures: Subhazard ratios for local recurrence, nodal metastasis, disease-specific death, and all-cause death adjusted for presence of known prognostic risk factors. Results:The median follow-up was 50 (range, 2-142) months.Local recurrence occurred in 45 patients (4.6%) during the study period; 36 (3.7%) developed nodal metastases; and 21 (2.1%) died of CSCC.In multivariate competing risk analyses, independent predictors for nodal metastasis and disease-specific death were a tumor diameter

THE RISK OF SKIN CANCER IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS IN QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA

1996-03-01

Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck , David R. Hardie , Adèle C. Green +6 more

A long-term retrospective follow-up study was performed to evaluate the risk of skin cancer in 1098 renal transplant recipients in Queensland, Australia. In a subgroup, we also assessed the influence … A long-term retrospective follow-up study was performed to evaluate the risk of skin cancer in 1098 renal transplant recipients in Queensland, Australia. In a subgroup, we also assessed the influence of immunosuppressive therapy on the risk of developing skin cancer: cyclosporine alone or in combination with prednisolone; azathioprine alone or in combination with prednisolone; or the combination of cyclosporine and azathioprine with or without prednisolone. The cumulative incidence of developing skin cancer, calculated by life table analysis, increased progressively from 7% after 1 year of immunosuppression to 45% after 11 years and to 70% after 20 years of immunosuppression. Multivariate analysis in a subgroup comparing the risk of developing skin cancer in patients on either long-term cyclosporine or azathioprine (each with or without prednisolone) and in patients on the combination of cyclosporine and azathioprine (with or without prednisolone) showed no differences between the groups. We conclude that it is likely that the increased risk of skin cancer associated with immunosuppression is independent of the agent(s) used and is a result of the immunosuppression per se.

From keratinocyte to cancer: the pathogenesis and modeling of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

2012-02-01

Vladimir Ratushny , Michael D. Gober , Ryan Hick +2 more

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common human cancer with over 250,000 new cases annually in the US and is second in incidence only to basal cell … Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common human cancer with over 250,000 new cases annually in the US and is second in incidence only to basal cell carcinoma. cSCC typically manifests as a spectrum of progressively advanced malignancies, ranging from a precursor actinic keratosis (AK) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ (SCCIS), invasive cSCC, and finally metastatic SCC. In this Review we discuss clinical and molecular parameters used to define this range of cutaneous neoplasia and integrate these with the multiple experimental approaches used to study this disease. Insights gained from modeling cSCCs have suggested innovative therapeutic targets for treating these lesions.

View PDF Chat

Prognostic factors for local recurrence, metastasis, and survival rates in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, ear, and lip

1992-06-01

Dan Rowe , Raymond J. Carroll , Calvin L. Day

Epidemiology of actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma

2000-01-01

Stuart J. Salasche

Incidence of skin cancer in 5356 patients following organ transplantation

2000-09-01

B Lindelöf , Bárður Sigurgeirsson , H Gäbel +1 more

Skin cancer following solid organ transplantation is an important cause of morbidity in long-term survivors. This risk is well known but imprecisely quantified.We aimed to determine: (i) the skin cancer … Skin cancer following solid organ transplantation is an important cause of morbidity in long-term survivors. This risk is well known but imprecisely quantified.We aimed to determine: (i) the skin cancer risks in transplant patients more precisely; (ii) whether the risk of malignant melanoma is altered; and (iii) whether the risk of epithelial cancers occurring at non-exposed sites is comparable with that seen in sun-exposed sites.We linked a population-based cohort of 5356 patients who had received organ transplants in Sweden between 1970 and 1994 with the compulsory Swedish Cancer Registry, to identify all cancer cases except basal cell carcinomas, which are not registered.After a mean follow-up of 5.6 years post-transplantation, 172 of 5356 patients developed 325 non-melanoma skin cancers (excluding basal cell carcinomas) and six malignant melanomas. The relative risk of non-melanoma skin cancer was 108.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 94.6-123.1] for men and 92.8 (95% CI 73.2-116.0) for women. The highest risks were noted for upper limbs, and the risk increased with time. No significant increase in malignant melanomas was noted: the relative risk was 1.6 (95% CI 0.5-3.7) for men and 0.5 (95% CI 0. 0-2.6) for women. Except for the lip, which is also sun-exposed, other epithelial sites did not show comparable increases in cancer risk.We conclude that organ transplant recipients are at a highly increased risk for non-melanoma skin cancer and must be closely followed throughout their lives. Cancer risk associated with transplantation is higher for sun-exposed than for non-sun-exposed epithelial tissues, even among populations living in regions with low solar insolation.

Non-melanoma skin cancer

2010-02-01

Vishal Madan , John T. Lear , Rolf‐Markus Szeimies

Long‐Term Recurrence Rates in Previously Untreated (Primary) Basal Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Patient Follow‐Up

1989-03-01

Dan Rowe , Raymond J. Carroll , Calvin L. Day

Abstract. We reviewed all studies (since 1947) reporting recurrence rates for treatment of primary (previously untreated) basal cell carcinomas using surgical excision, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, curettage and electrodesiccation, and Mohs micrographic … Abstract. We reviewed all studies (since 1947) reporting recurrence rates for treatment of primary (previously untreated) basal cell carcinomas using surgical excision, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, curettage and electrodesiccation, and Mohs micrographic surgery. Our findings indicate that recurrences following treatment of primary basal cell carcinoma appear later than is generally acknowledged in the literature. We found that less than one‐third of all recurrences appear in the first year following treatment; only 50% appear within the first 2 years following treatment; and only 66%, or nearly two‐thirds, appear within the first 3 years following treatment. A good rule of thumb is that the 10‐year recurrence rate is double, or 2 times, that of the 2‐year recurrence rate. Furthermore, 18% of recurrences appear between the fifth and tenth year following treatment. These results held true, irrespective of treatment modality examined. Seventy‐two studies reporting short‐term recurrence rates (follow‐up less than 5 years) had a weighted average recurrence rate of 4.2%, whereas 34 long‐term studies (follow‐up of 5 years) had a weighted average recurrence rate of 8.7%, or more than 2 times the short‐term rate. Five‐year recurrence rates by treatment modality are as follows: Mohs micrographic surgery 1.0%, surgical excision 10.1%, curettage and electrodesiccation 7.7%, radiation therapy 8.7%, and cryosurgery 7.5%. We conclude that the reporting of recurrence rate data for basal cell carcinoma should be standardized using 5‐year life table analysis, and even more important is our conclusion that lifetime follow‐up is necessary after treatment of primary basal cell carcinoma in order to detect both recurrences and new primaries.

Skin Cancers after Organ Transplantation

2003-04-24

Sylvie Euvrard , Jean Kanitakis , A Claudy

Skin cancers are the most common tumors in patients who have received organ transplants. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of squamous-cell and basal-cell carcinomas, cancers of the … Skin cancers are the most common tumors in patients who have received organ transplants. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of squamous-cell and basal-cell carcinomas, cancers of the anogenital region, Kaposi's sarcoma, melanoma, neuroendocrine skin carcinoma, and cutaneous manifestations of lymphoma in transplant recipients.

Incidence of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas in a Population Younger Than 40 Years

2005-08-09

Leslie J. Christenson

The incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer is increasing rapidly among elderly persons, but little is known about its incidence in the population younger than 40 years.To estimate the sex- and … The incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer is increasing rapidly among elderly persons, but little is known about its incidence in the population younger than 40 years.To estimate the sex- and age-specific incidences of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in persons younger than 40 years in Olmsted County, Minnesota, and to evaluate change in incidence over time; to describe the clinical presentation, rate of recurrence and metastasis, and histologic characteristics of these tumors in this population-based sample.Population-based retrospective incidence case review.Residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, a population with comprehensive medical records captured through the Rochester Epidemiology Project.Patients younger than 40 years with basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed between 1976 and 2003.Incident basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas and change in incidence of these tumors over time.During the study period, 451 incident basal cell carcinomas were diagnosed in 417 patients and 70 incident squamous cell carcinomas were diagnosed in 68 patients. Of these tumors, 328 were histologically confirmed basal cell carcinomas and 51 were histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinomas. Overall, the age-adjusted incidence of basal cell carcinoma per 100,000 persons was 25.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.6-29.2) for women and 20.9 (95% CI, 17.8-23.9) for men. The incidence of basal cell carcinoma increased significantly during the study period among women (P<.001) but not men (P = .19). Nodular basal cell carcinoma was the most common histologic subtype; 43.0% of tumors were solely nodular basal cell carcinoma and 11.0% had a mixed composition, including the nodular subtype. The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma was similar in men and women, with an average age- and sex-adjusted incidence per 100 000 persons of 3.9 (95% CI, 3.0-4.8); the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma increased significantly over the study period among both women (P = .01) and men (P = .04).This population-based study demonstrated an increase in the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer among young women and men residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota. There was a disproportionate increase in basal cell carcinoma in young women. This increase may lead to an exponential increase in the overall occurrence of nonmelanoma skin cancers over time as this population ages, which emphasizes the need to focus on skin cancer prevention in young adults.

Guidelines for the management of basal cell carcinoma

2008-06-17

N.R. Telfer , Graham Colver , C.A. Morton

This article represents a planned regular updating of the previous British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of basal cell carcinoma. These guidelines present evidence-based guidance for treatment, with … This article represents a planned regular updating of the previous British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of basal cell carcinoma. These guidelines present evidence-based guidance for treatment, with identification of the strength of evidence available at the time of preparation of the guidelines, and a brief overview of epidemiological aspects, diagnosis and investigation.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Estimated incidence of disease, nodal metastasis, and deaths from disease in the United States, 2012

2013-02-01

Pritesh S. Karia , Jiali Han , Chrysalyne D. Schmults

Surgical margins for excision of primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

1992-08-01

David G. Brodland , John A. Zitelli

Guidelines on the use of photodynamic therapy for nonmelanoma skin cancer: An international consensus

2006-12-25

Lasse R. Braathen , Rolf‐Markus Szeimies , Nicole Basset‐Séguin +6 more

Mutational Landscape of Aggressive Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2014-10-11

Curtis R. Pickering , Jane H. Zhou , J. Jack Lee +7 more

Abstract Purpose: Aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is often a disfiguring and lethal disease. Very little is currently known about the mutations that drive aggressive cSCC. Experimental Design: Whole-exome … Abstract Purpose: Aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is often a disfiguring and lethal disease. Very little is currently known about the mutations that drive aggressive cSCC. Experimental Design: Whole-exome sequencing was performed on 39 cases of aggressive cSCC to identify driver genes and novel therapeutic targets. Significantly, mutated genes were identified with MutSig or complementary methods developed to specifically identify candidate tumor suppressors based upon their inactivating mutation bias. Results: Despite the very high-mutational background caused by UV exposure, 23 candidate drivers were identified, including the well-known cancer-associated genes TP53, CDKN2A, NOTCH1, AJUBA, HRAS, CASP8, FAT1, and KMT2C (MLL3). Three novel candidate tumor suppressors with putative links to cancer or differentiation, NOTCH2, PARD3, and RASA1, were also identified as possible drivers in cSCC. KMT2C mutations were associated with poor outcome and increased bone invasion. Conclusions: The mutational spectrum of cSCC is similar to that of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and dominated by tumor-suppressor genes. These results improve the foundation for understanding this disease and should aid in identifying and treating aggressive cSCC. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6582–92. ©2014 AACR.

View PDF Chat

Diagnosis and treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline

2015-07-25

Alexander J. Stratigos , Claus Garbe , Célèste Lebbe +7 more

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common cancers in Caucasian populations, accounting for 20% of all cutaneous malignancies. A unique collaboration of multi-disciplinary experts from the … Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common cancers in Caucasian populations, accounting for 20% of all cutaneous malignancies. A unique collaboration of multi-disciplinary experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO) and the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) was formed to make recommendations on cSCC diagnosis and management, based on a critical review of the literature, existing guidelines and the expert's experience. The diagnosis of cSCC is primarily based on clinical features. A biopsy or excision and histologic confirmation should be performed in all clinically suspicious lesions in order to facilitate the prognostic classification and correct management of cSCC. The first line treatment of cutaneous SCC is complete surgical excision with histopathological control of excision margins. The EDF-EADO-EORTC consensus group recommends a standardised minimal margin of 5 mm even for low-risk tumours. For tumours, with histological thickness of >6 mm or in tumours with high risk pathological features, e.g. high histological grade, subcutaneous invasion, perineural invasion, recurrent tumours and/or tumours at high risk locations an extended margin of 10 mm is recommended. As lymph node involvement by cSCC increases the risk of recurrence and mortality, a lymph node ultrasound is highly recommended, particularly in tumours with high-risk characteristics. In the case of clinical suspicion or positive findings upon imaging, a histologic confirmation should be sought either by fine needle aspiration or by open lymph node biopsy. In large infiltrating tumours with signs of involvement of underlying structures, additional imaging tests, such as CT or MRI imaging may be required to accurately assess the extent of the tumour and the presence of metastatic spread. Current staging systems for cSCC are not optimal, as they have been developed for head and neck tumours and lack extensive validation or adequate prognostic discrimination in certain stages with heterogeneous outcome measures. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has been used in patients with cSCC, but there is no conclusive evidence of its prognostic or therapeutic value. In the case of lymph node involvement by cSCC, the preferred treatment is a regional lymph node dissection. Radiation therapy represents a fair alternative to surgery in the non-surgical treatment of small cSCCs in low risk areas. It generally should be discussed either as a primary treatment for inoperable cSCC or in the adjuvant setting. Stage IV cSCC can be responsive to various chemotherapeutic agents; however, there is no standard regimen. EGFR inhibitors such as cetuximab or erlotinib, should be discussed as second line treatments after mono- or polychemotherapy failure and disease progression or within the framework of clinical trials. There is no standardised follow-up schedule for patients with cSCC. A close follow-up plan is recommended based on risk assessment of locoregional recurrences, metastatic spread or development of new lesions.

View PDF Chat

Skin cancer is among the most costly of all cancers to treat for the Medicare population

2003-03-01

Tamara Salam Housman , Steven R. Feldman , Phillip M. Williford +4 more

Analysis of risk factors determining prognosis of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma: a prospective study

2008-07-10

Kay Brantsch , Christoph Meisner , Birgitt Schönfisch +4 more

Reduction of Solar Keratoses by Regular Sunscreen Use

1993-10-14

Sandra Thompson , Damien Jolley , Robin Marks

The incidence of and mortality from skin cancer are increasing in many countries. In view of the added concern about ozone depletion, many organizations are promoting the regular use of … The incidence of and mortality from skin cancer are increasing in many countries. In view of the added concern about ozone depletion, many organizations are promoting the regular use of sunscreens to prevent skin cancer, despite the absence of evidence that these products have this effect. Solar (actinic) keratosis is a precursor of squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin.

View PDF Chat

Nonmelanoma Cancers of the Skin

1992-12-03

Diana S. Preston , Robert S. Stern

BASAL-CELL and squamous-cell cancers of the skin are the most frequent malignant conditions in the white population. About 600,000 new cases are detected each year in the United States.1 Fortunately, … BASAL-CELL and squamous-cell cancers of the skin are the most frequent malignant conditions in the white population. About 600,000 new cases are detected each year in the United States.1 Fortunately, only a small proportion lead to death. Nonmelanoma cancers are associated with substantial morbidity, including loss of function and disfigurement, and their treatment is costly. Early detection can reduce morbidity and cost.We will review the epidemiology, recognition, treatment, and prevention of basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas, which together account for most nonmelanoma skin cancers (we exclude tumors of the mucous membranes). We shall emphasize risk factors for the development of . . .

Squamous cell carcinoma

1996-03-01

Robin Marks

Epidemiological trends in skin cancer

2017-04-30

Zoé Apalla , Aimilios Lallas , Elena Sotiriou +2 more

Skin cancer, including melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), represents the most common type of malignancy in the white population. The incidence rate of melanoma is increasing worldwide, while the … Skin cancer, including melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), represents the most common type of malignancy in the white population. The incidence rate of melanoma is increasing worldwide, while the associated mortality remains stable, or is slightly decreasing. On the other hand, the incidence for NMSC varies widely, with the highest rates reported in Australia. In the current review, we highlight recent global trends in epidemiology of skin cancer. We discuss controversial issues raised in current epidemiological data, we analyze the most important risk factors associated with the development of melanoma and NMSC and the impact of skin cancer on health care services. Furthermore, we underline the pressing need for improved registration policies, especially for NMSC, and lastly, we refer to the ongoing primary and secondary prevention strategies and their outcomes so far.

View PDF Chat

Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States

2017-11-21

Farhad Islami , Ann Goding Sauer , Kimberly D. Miller +7 more

Abstract Contemporary information on the fraction of cancers that potentially could be prevented is useful for priority setting in cancer prevention and control. Herein, the authors estimate the proportion and … Abstract Contemporary information on the fraction of cancers that potentially could be prevented is useful for priority setting in cancer prevention and control. Herein, the authors estimate the proportion and number of invasive cancer cases and deaths, overall (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and for 26 cancer types, in adults aged 30 years and older in the United States in 2014, that were attributable to major, potentially modifiable exposures (cigarette smoking; secondhand smoke; excess body weight; alcohol intake; consumption of red and processed meat; low consumption of fruits/vegetables, dietary fiber, and dietary calcium; physical inactivity; ultraviolet radiation; and 6 cancer‐associated infections). The numbers of cancer cases were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Cancer Institute; the numbers of deaths were obtained from the CDC; risk factor prevalence estimates were obtained from nationally representative surveys; and associated relative risks of cancer were obtained from published, large‐scale pooled analyses or meta‐analyses. In the United States in 2014, an estimated 42.0% of all incident cancers (659,640 of 1570,975 cancers, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and 45.1% of cancer deaths (265,150 of 587,521 deaths) were attributable to evaluated risk factors. Cigarette smoking accounted for the highest proportion of cancer cases (19.0%; 298,970 cases) and deaths (28.8%; 169,180 deaths), followed by excess body weight (7.8% and 6.5%, respectively) and alcohol intake (5.6% and 4.0%, respectively). Lung cancer had the highest number of cancers (184,970 cases) and deaths (132,960 deaths) attributable to evaluated risk factors, followed by colorectal cancer (76,910 cases and 28,290 deaths). These results, however, may underestimate the overall proportion of cancers attributable to modifiable factors, because the impact of all established risk factors could not be quantified, and many likely modifiable risk factors are not yet firmly established as causal. Nevertheless, these findings underscore the vast potential for reducing cancer morbidity and mortality through broad and equitable implementation of known preventive measures. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:31‐54 . © 2017 American Cancer Society .

View PDF Chat

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

2018-01-12

Syril Keena T. Que , Fiona O. Zwald , Chrysalyne D. Schmults

PD-1 Blockade with Cemiplimab in Advanced Cutaneous Squamous-Cell Carcinoma

2018-06-04

Michael R. Migden , Danny Rischin , Chrysalyne D. Schmults +7 more

No systemic therapies have been approved for the treatment of advanced cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma. This cancer may be responsive to immune therapy, because the mutation burden of the tumor is … No systemic therapies have been approved for the treatment of advanced cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma. This cancer may be responsive to immune therapy, because the mutation burden of the tumor is high and the disease risk is strongly associated with immunosuppression. In the dose-escalation portion of the phase 1 study of cemiplimab, a deep and durable response was observed in a patient with metastatic cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma.We report the results of the phase 1 study of cemiplimab for expansion cohorts of patients with locally advanced or metastatic cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma, as well as the results of the pivotal phase 2 study for a cohort of patients with metastatic disease (metastatic-disease cohort). In both studies, the patients received an intravenous dose of cemiplimab (3 mg per kilogram of body weight) every 2 weeks and were assessed for a response every 8 weeks. In the phase 2 study, the primary end point was the response rate, as assessed by independent central review.In the expansion cohorts of the phase 1 study, a response to cemiplimab was observed in 13 of 26 patients (50%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 30 to 70). In the metastatic-disease cohort of the phase 2 study, a response was observed in 28 of 59 patients (47%; 95% CI, 34 to 61). The median follow-up was 7.9 months in the metastatic-disease cohort of the phase 2 study. Among the 28 patients who had a response, the duration of response exceeded 6 months in 57%, and 82% continued to have a response and to receive cemiplimab at the time of data cutoff. Adverse events that occurred in at least 15% of the patients in the metastatic-disease cohort of the phase 2 study were diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, constipation, and rash; 7% of the patients discontinued treatment because of an adverse event.Among patients with advanced cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma, cemiplimab induced a response in approximately half the patients and was associated with adverse events that usually occur with immune checkpoint inhibitors. (Funded by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02383212 and NCT02760498 .).

View PDF Chat

Canadian Cancer Statistics 2012

2012-01-01

Leslie A. Gaudette , E M Illing , Gerry Hill

During 1991, an estimated 109,000 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in Canada (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer). Estimated cancer deaths in 1991 will total 56,700. Excluding non- melanoma skin … During 1991, an estimated 109,000 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in Canada (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer). Estimated cancer deaths in 1991 will total 56,700. Excluding non- melanoma skin cancer, over one in three Canadians will develop some form of cancer during their lifetime, while one in four men and one in five women will die from this disease. These statistics are discussed, as well as cancer risk factors, cancer in children, age and sex distribution of cancer, cancer survival rates, trends in cancer incidence and mortality since 1970, smoking and lung cancer, and cancer among the Inuit and Indians.

Treatment of a first patient with FLASH-radiotherapy

2019-07-11

Jean Bourhis , Wendy Jeanneret Sozzi , Patrik Gonçalves Jorge +7 more

Diagnosis and treatment of basal cell carcinoma: European consensus–based interdisciplinary guidelines

2019-07-06

Ketty Peris , Maria Concetta Fargnoli , Claus Garbe +7 more

View PDF Chat

Basal-Cell Carcinoma

2005-11-23

Adam I. Rubin , Elbert H. Chen , Désirée Ratner

Basal-cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor, and its incidence is increasing. This review explains the treatment options, including four surgical approaches, topical therapy, photodynamic therapy, and radiation. Recent … Basal-cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor, and its incidence is increasing. This review explains the treatment options, including four surgical approaches, topical therapy, photodynamic therapy, and radiation. Recent research on the pathogenesis is also summarized.

Lip Reconstruction with Abbe Flap in Basal Cell Carcinoma

2025-06-24

Al Hafiz | International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

A national survey of skin cancer surgery activity by Maxillofacial Surgeons in the UK.

2025-06-24

Elizabeth Gruber , Ashwin Kerai , Carrie Newlands | International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Topical 5% Imiquimod for the Treatment of Superficial and Nodular Periocular Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes, Safety, and Treatment Strategies

2025-06-24

Larysa Krajewska-Węglewicz , Piotr Sobolewski , Irena Walecka | Cancers

Background/Objectives: To evaluate the clinical and histological efficacy, safety, and cosmetic outcomes of 5% imiquimod (IMQ) cream, used in monotherapy or in combination, for periocular superficial and nodular basal cell … Background/Objectives: To evaluate the clinical and histological efficacy, safety, and cosmetic outcomes of 5% imiquimod (IMQ) cream, used in monotherapy or in combination, for periocular superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar (inception—12 June 2025) identified studies reporting IMQ treatment of eyelid/periocular BCC. Randomized, nonrandomized and observational designs were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane RoB 2 or ROBINS-I, and certainty of evidence graded with GRADE. Results: Seven studies (n = 152 lesions) met the inclusion criteria. The pooled clinical-plus-histological clearance across case series was 82% (95% CI 72–90%). The single RCT (n = 27) reported 100% histological clearance for both IMQ and radiotherapy at 3 months, but IMQ produced superior cosmetic results. Combination immunocryosurgery (IMQ + cryotherapy) achieved 87.5% sustained remission at ≤5 years. Local adverse events—erythema, crusting, or conjunctivitis—occurred in ≥70% (85/122) of treated cases but were mild-to-moderate and self-limiting; systemic reactions were not reported. Forty-seven additional patients in a dedicated safety cohort showed only transient ocular irritation. The certainty of evidence was moderate for short-term clearance and low for long-term control because of small samples and heterogeneous follow-up. Conclusions: IMQ 5% is a useful, tissue-sparing option for selected (superficial and nodular subtypes) periocular BCCs where surgery is contraindicated or cosmesis is paramount. Overall clearance is slightly lower than Mohs surgery but comparable to radiotherapy, and cosmetic outcomes are favorable. Larger, standardized RCTs with ≥3-year follow-up are needed to confirm durability, optimize dosing schedules, and validate patient-reported outcome measures.

Durable Response to Cemiplimab in Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Extensive Gluteal and Sacral Bone Infiltration: A 12-Month Case

2025-06-21

Ivan Bivolarski | Cureus

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common skin malignancy, which, in its advanced stages, may involve regional lymph nodes and osseous structures, resulting in poor prognosis. Massive tumor infiltration … Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common skin malignancy, which, in its advanced stages, may involve regional lymph nodes and osseous structures, resulting in poor prognosis. Massive tumor infiltration of the sacrum and pelvic bones is rare and typically associated with limited treatment options and unfavorable outcomes. We present the case of a 59-year-old male with advanced cSCC involving the gluteal region, sacrum, pelvic lymph nodes, and bones. As part of a personalized treatment approach, the patient received a combination of cemiplimab, a PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor, and denosumab for bone protection. Despite the aggressive nature and anatomical complexity of the disease, the patient demonstrated a marked and durable clinical response, with radiographic evidence of partial metabolic regression on PET/CT (SUVmax reduction from 9.87 to 6.37), resolution of sacral pain, and full recovery of ambulatory function. No serious immune-related toxicities were observed. This case illustrates the potential of integrating immunotherapy with supportive bone-targeted therapy to achieve meaningful disease control in rare presentations of bone-invasive cSCC.

Diagnostic value of palpation and ultrasonography in detecting regional lymph node metastasis of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma: a decade cohort study

2025-06-20

Zhizhi Huang , Xiang Gu , Jie Chen +4 more | British Journal of Ophthalmology

Background/aims Regional lymph node metastasis is the primary cause of disease progression in patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma (SC). This study aims to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of palpation and … Background/aims Regional lymph node metastasis is the primary cause of disease progression in patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma (SC). This study aims to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of palpation and ultrasonography for detecting lymph node metastasis, as well as to identify risk factors associated with occult lymph node metastasis. Method This diagnostic study was conducted using a retrospective cohort of 102 patients with 120 eyelid SC tumours. All patients with eyelid SC who underwent clinical palpation and ultrasonographic imaging of regional lymph nodes at Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2024, were included. Result Among the 102 patients with 120 eyelid SC tumours, 33 tumours were pathologically confirmed to have lymph node metastasis. Clinical palpation demonstrated a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 96.6%, while ultrasonography showed a sensitivity of 87.9% and specificity of 97.7%. The combination of ultrasonography and palpation increased the sensitivity to 93.9%, with specificity remaining high at 95.4%. In patients with negative palpation results, comparison of clinicopathological characteristics between metastatic and non-metastatic tumours revealed significant differences in American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T stage (p=0.001), tumour differentiation (p=0.046) and lymphovascular invasion (p=0.001). Conclusions We found that the combination of ultrasonography and palpation is an effective initial screening method, with a sensitivity of 93.9% and a specificity of 95.4%. Patients with advanced AJCC T stage, poor tumour differentiation or presence of lymphovascular invasion are more likely to present with palpation-negative lymph node metastasis.

Patterns of Basal Cell Carcinoma Presentation in the NIH All of Us Database

2025-06-20

Sarah Cheng , Kelsey A. Roelofs | Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Purpose: To examine risk factors for the development of eyelid, face, and body basal cell carcinoma (BCC) within the National Institutes of Health All of Us database. Methods: Around 7342 … Purpose: To examine risk factors for the development of eyelid, face, and body basal cell carcinoma (BCC) within the National Institutes of Health All of Us database. Methods: Around 7342 patients with BCC and 29,728 age-matched controls were included. Patients with genetic syndromes predisposing to BCC, and patients with a history of solid organ transplants were excluded. Outcomes examined included tumor location, ethnicity, age, smoking, alcohol intake, income, and access to care. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to examine the association between BCC on different areas of the body and race as well as the effect of modifiable risk factors. Results: Almost 48.7% (3623) of patients had BCC on the body (nonface), 47.2% had BCC on the face (3505), and 4.1% (304) had BCC of the eyelid. White race (OR, 11.79; CI, 5.99–27.73; p < 0.001) and male sex (OR, 1.23; CI, 1.14–1.33; p < 0.001) were nonmodifiable risk factors for BCC and overall, patients with facial BCC were significantly older ( p < 0.001) than those with body BCC. Nonwhite patients with BCC were younger, and significantly more likely to have nonfacial BCC ( p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, alcohol intake also showed a dose-dependent increased risk for BCC (OR, 1.54; CI, 1.14–2.13; p < 0.001) of the face. Conclusions: Nonwhite patients were significantly younger and more likely to be diagnosed with nonfacial BCC. Thus, we hypothesize that BCC pathogenesis may not be as closely related to cumulative sun exposure as for white patients. Alcohol intake is an important modifiable risk factor.

Basal cell skin cancer with metastasis to subcutaneous fat—a case report

2025-06-19

Victoria A. Rumyantseva , А. S. Sukhotko , Victor Sukharev +3 more | Frontiers in Surgery

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a malignant neoplasm of the skin that originates from the cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and is the most common skin cancer … Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a malignant neoplasm of the skin that originates from the cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and is the most common skin cancer worldwide, accounting for more than 75% of all nonmelanoma skin cancers. About 4 million BCCs are diagnosed annually worldwide. Despite being the most common skin tumor, metastasis is rare and occurs in 0.0028%–0.55% of cases. In this case report, we present a rare case of giant basal cell carcinoma with metastasis to the subcutaneous fat in a 69-year-old woman.

Assessing health-related quality of life in patients with keratinocyte carcinoma: insights from a multicenter cross-sectional study

2025-06-19

Annick Meertens , Laura Van Coile , Amber Shen +7 more | Acta Clinica Belgica

Keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) represents 90% of all skin cancers and despite its relatively low mortality, may affect patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This Belgian/Dutch cross-sectional study measured the impact … Keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) represents 90% of all skin cancers and despite its relatively low mortality, may affect patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This Belgian/Dutch cross-sectional study measured the impact of KC on HRQoL using generic instruments and a disease-specific questionnaire. HRQoL was measured using the disease-specific Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Quality of Life (BaSQoL) questionnaire, consisting of five domains. Sub-scores range from 0 to 3, with a higher score meaning higher impact on HRQoL. Additionally, the generic instruments EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5 L), visual analog scale (VAS), 15-dimensions (15D) and the time trade-off (TTO) technique were employed. Scores range from 0 to 1, with 0 meaning death and 1 meaning perfect health. HRQoL scores were stratified by patients with single and multiple KC. Generalized linear models assessed differences in mean HRQoL scores across KC groups, adjusting for relevant covariates. The study included 715 patients; 332 with single KC and 383 with multiple KC. The BaSQoL subscores for single and multiple KC patients ranged from 0.44 to 0.52 for the 'appearance' subdomain to 1.16 and 1.27 for the 'other people' subdomain, indicating a low-to-moderate impact on HRQoL. Patients with multiple KC showed significantly higher impact on BaSQoL 'worries' subdomain (p = 0.002) and worse perceived health on the EQ-5D-5 L (p = 0.004) compared to patients with single KC. No significant differences were observed in VAS, 15D or TTO between single and multiple KC. Findings suggest, both with disease-specific and generic instruments, a moderate to low impact of KC on HRQoL.

Keratoacanthoma-Type Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma Managed Non-surgically With Topical Immunomodulators

2025-06-18

Berta Moreno‐Küstner , Moises Lutwak , Stanley Skopit | Cureus

Accurate Detection of Basal Cell Carcinoma Using Fuzzy U-Net and Deep Learning on Dermoscopic Images

2025-06-18

B. Dhiyanesh , G Kiruthiga , L Shakkeera +2 more | International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common kind of skin cancer that is distinguished by the presence of telangiectasias, which are tiny blood veins that resemble trees and are frequently … Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common kind of skin cancer that is distinguished by the presence of telangiectasias, which are tiny blood veins that resemble trees and are frequently seen inside skin lesions. Precise recognition of these characteristics is essential for prompt diagnosis and successful therapy. Deep learning (DL) models have advanced in skin cancer imaging in recent years, increasing the accuracy of diagnosis and feature segmentation. The ISIC 2019 dataset, a comprehensive collection of dermoscopic pictures covering a variety of skin lesions, including BCC, was employed in our suggested approach. Our approach started with applying a Wiener filter to denoise the images. This preprocessing step significantly improved image quality, making critical features more discernible and facilitating subsequent analysis. After denoising, we implemented the Fuzzy U-Net model for image segmentation. This model excels at accurately delineating lesions, providing precise boundaries that are essential for effective classification. A deep neural network (DNN) was then trained using the segmented pictures, enabling it to differentiate basal cell carcinoma from other skin diseases by identifying important characteristics. We used common assessment measures including precision of 97%, F1 score of 98%, and AUC of 0.99% and testing accuracy of 97.47% to assess our model's performance. The outcomes show that our method is reliable and successful, with a high level of accuracy in detecting basal cell cancer. In addition to expediting the diagnostic procedure, this approach may enhance patient outcomes by enabling earlier discovery and treatment.

Análise dos fatores associados à morbimortalidade por câncer de pele no estado do Maranhão, 2015-2024

2025-06-18

Anna Taynah Milhomem Rodrigues , Kawanny Evellyn Reis Félix de Oliveira , João Arthur Soares de Sousa Teixeira +3 more | Caderno Pedagógico

O câncer de pele é a neoplasia maligna mais comum no Brasil, correspondendo a 30% dos casos, com quase dez mil internações no Maranhão na última década. A doença decorre … O câncer de pele é a neoplasia maligna mais comum no Brasil, correspondendo a 30% dos casos, com quase dez mil internações no Maranhão na última década. A doença decorre do crescimento celular descontrolado, podendo formar tumores agressivos. O câncer de pele não melanoma é o mais prevalente e apresenta melhor prognóstico, enquanto o melanoma, embora menos frequente, é responsável pela maioria das mortes. Este estudo se propõe a investigar a incidência e distribuição do câncer de pele no Maranhão, Nordeste e Brasil, utilizando uma abordagem epidemiológica retrospectiva de caráter ecológico. Foram analisados dados hospitalares entre 2015 e 2024, considerando variáveis como idade, sexo, raça e letalidade, além de padrões regionais. Foi realizada análise estatística inferencial, considerando significâncias para p<0,05, além disso, os dados foram organizados em tabelas e gráficos. O aumento dos casos após 2017 pode ser atribuído à melhoria na notificação e registro, reduzindo a subnotificação. As regiões Sudeste e Sul concentram mais casos devido a fatores raciais e padrões de exposição solar. No Maranhão, a desigualdade no acesso à saúde impacta a mortalidade. Ademais, constatou-se que em nossa amostra o envelhecimento é um fator de associação positiva com a morbimortalidade, com o melanoma sendo mais letal em idosos. Portanto, políticas públicas focadas na prevenção, diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado são essenciais para enfrentar essa questão de saúde pública.

Foot Lesions and Perianal Lump in an Adult Woman

2025-06-18

Xinyi Wang , Qi Xie , Zhangyu Bu | JAMA Oncology

A 50-year-old woman presented to the dermatology department with a 10-year history of recurrent plaque outbreaks between her toes and a history of Bowen disease in the anus that had … A 50-year-old woman presented to the dermatology department with a 10-year history of recurrent plaque outbreaks between her toes and a history of Bowen disease in the anus that had been treated with excision and skin grafting. What is your diagnosis?

Coexistence of Lichen Planus and Squamous Cell Carcinoma on Sun-Exposed Skin: A Case Report

2025-06-17

Adelina V Velikova , Anastasia I Bekyarova , A. Kirilova +3 more | Cureus

Targeting Biomarkers of Proliferation and Inflammation (Ki67, p53, and COX-2) in Actinic Keratoses with Photodynamic Therapy

2025-06-17

Justyna Ceryn , Aleksandra Lesiak , Magdalena Ciążyńska +6 more | Biomedicines

Background: Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common pre-neoplastic lesions that may progress to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective field-directed treatment for AK, but its impact … Background: Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common pre-neoplastic lesions that may progress to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective field-directed treatment for AK, but its impact on key biomarkers remains unclear. This study evaluates the clinical, dermatoscopic, and immunohistochemical effects of PDT on AK, with a focus on proliferation (Ki67, p53) and inflammation (COX-2) markers, to assess its efficacy in delaying carcinogenesis. Methods: In our prospective one-center study, we enrolled 31 patients with AK, with no history of previous AK treatment. They underwent three PDT sessions at four-week intervals, with follow-up eight weeks after the final session. Clinical, dermatoscopic, and immunohistochemical analyses of Ki67, p53, and COX-2 expression were performed before and after treatment. Results: Clinically, 54.8% of patients achieved complete lesion clearance, with no residual severe AK lesions. Ki67 and p53 immunoexpression significantly decreased post-PDT (p < 0.05), confirming its antiproliferative effect. COX-2 expression also declined significantly (p < 0.05), supporting PDT's anti-inflammatory role. However, COX-2 remained stable or increased in 35.48% of cases, possibly due to inflammation-induced regeneration. There is a positive correlation between the reduction in Ki67, p53, and COX-2 immunoexpression and the decrease in AK severity (both according to Olsen grade and dermatoscopic grade). Conclusions: PDT effectively reduces AK severity, proliferation, and inflammation markers, potentially delaying carcinogenesis. However, residual biomarker expression suggests that additional treatment sessions or combination therapies may be necessary for complete lesion clearance. Further studies are required to optimize PDT protocols.

Concurrent tinea pedis HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the ventral toes treated with Mohs micrographic surgery

2025-06-17

Annie Wang , Aditi Senthilnathan , Hongbei Wang +2 more | Dermatology Online Journal

PDT combined with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy is superior to PDT alone in Actinic Keratosis

2025-06-17

Xianmin Meng , C D Xia , Hong Luan +2 more | Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy

Advancing Mohs Micrographic Surgery Through Artificial Intelligence: A Provider’s Implementation Guide

2025-06-17

Grace Herrick , Zachary Grand , Kelly Frasier +6 more | Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) represents a transformative advancement in dermatological surgery, with the potential to significantly enhance surgical precision, efficiency, and patient outcomes. This review … Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) represents a transformative advancement in dermatological surgery, with the potential to significantly enhance surgical precision, efficiency, and patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive summary of AI’s current and emerging roles in MMS, focusing on its application in tumor margin identification, surgical precision, and tissue preservation. Further, it explores AI’s role in predicting tumor complexity and postoperative outcomes, emphasizing how these predictive models can be incorporated into personalized care plans and long-term patient monitoring. Practical steps for implementing AI in clinical practice are provided, focusing on the necessary infrastructure, training, and potential barriers to adoption, while considering the financial implications and potential return on investment for providers. Additionally, this review analyzes the ethical and legal considerations surrounding AI use in MMS, discussing data privacy, security, and the legal implications of AI-assisted procedures. The integration of AI in MMS holds immense promise, but its successful adoption will require careful consideration of clinical, ethical, and financial factors to ensure that this technology ultimately benefits both patients and healthcare providers.

<scp>PLK4</scp> is a potential therapeutic target in nonmelanoma skin cancers: Evidence from molecular and in vivo studies

2025-06-16

Mary A. Ndiaye , Debra R. Garvey , Gagan Chhabra +3 more | Photochemistry and Photobiology

Abstract Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC), consisting primarily of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), are the most prevalent cancers in the United States and have been … Abstract Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC), consisting primarily of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), are the most prevalent cancers in the United States and have been associated with exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. While a majority of NMSC are surgically resectable, the inoperable or metastatic tumors need intense therapies, including targeted and immunotherapies. However, novel targeted therapies are needed to improve treatment efficacy, reduce side effects, and limit recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. Polo‐like kinase 4 (PLK4), a member of a serine/threonine family of kinases, is being investigated as a target for anticancer drug development. However, its role in NMSC is not established. In this study, we found PLK4 to be significantly overexpressed in BCC and cSCC cells and tissues. Further, small molecule inhibition of PLK4 activity with centrinone, a specific and reversible inhibitor, and CFI‐400945, an ATP‐competitive inhibitor, decreased cell viability, proliferation, and clonogenic survival of human cSCC and BCC cells. Furthermore, PLK4 inhibition induced significant cell cycle arrest and apoptosis as well as modulation of key cell cycle genes as determined using a PCR Array. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockdown of PLK4 in the A431 cSCC cell line showed (i) significant growth inhibitory effects in vitro, along with significant modulation in key cancer‐related genes via PCR array and (ii) significantly reduced tumorigenesis in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. Overall, this study suggested that PLK4 is a potential therapeutic target and a biomarker for NMSC management. However, additional studies are needed to validate and expand these findings in additional model systems.

Marjolin ulcer: a rare clinical entity that every health professional should be informed about: a narrative review

2025-06-15

Berna Aksoy , Hasan Mete Aksoy | Discover Oncology

Marjolin ulcer is a term used to refer to malignant degeneration of aggressive nature associated with chronic burn scars or chronic wounds most of the time. Marjolin ulcers are more … Marjolin ulcer is a term used to refer to malignant degeneration of aggressive nature associated with chronic burn scars or chronic wounds most of the time. Marjolin ulcers are more common in men and are usually diagnosed in the 5th decade of life. It usually has a relatively poor prognosis because it is diagnosed late, and the mortality rate is around 20% on the average. It is important for all healthcare professionals who provide wound care to be knowledgeable about this issue. The patients with chronic wounds and long standing scars should be followed-up closely in this regard. Early and effective treatment of burns and chronic wounds is mandatory to prevent this condition. Appropriate follow-up and early biopsy at the time of detection of any suspicious change improve the prognosis and survival of patients as this approach will provide early diagnosis of Marjolin ulcers.

A rare presentation of Marjolin ulcer in burn scar in popliteal fossa

2025-06-15

Ankush Nayyar , Ritwik Kaushik | Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology

Características de una población adulta con cáncer de piel en un hospital de tercer nivel

2025-06-14

Carlos Alberto González Calderón , Lina Graciela Calderón Intriago , Óscar Isidro Sánchez Ganchozo +2 more | Revista Científica de Salud y Desarrollo Humano

El objetivo del artículo consistió en analizar las características de una población adulta con cáncer de piel en un hospital de tercer nivel de Guayaquil. La metodología aplicada fue cuantitativa, … El objetivo del artículo consistió en analizar las características de una población adulta con cáncer de piel en un hospital de tercer nivel de Guayaquil. La metodología aplicada fue cuantitativa, descriptiva, transversal y retrospectiva, la muestra que se estudió fueron 95 casos de historias clínicas de pacientes con cáncer de piel. En los resultados, la media de edad alcanzó 57,4 años y la proporción masculina fue 75,8%, el segmento laboral expuesto a radiación solar representó 61,1%; al analizar subtipo histológico, el melanoma aportó 45,3%, el carcinoma escamocelular 33,7% y el basocelular 18,9%; las zonas nasales encabezaron la distribución anatómica con 16,8%, seguidas de brazos y cuello, ambos 9,5%; de igual forma, el coeficiente Chi cuadrado evidenció relación entre rangos de edad y ocupación con exposición al sol (p= 0,039); mientras tanto, la recurrencia tumoral se documentó en 16,8%; en cuanto al antecedente familiar de cáncer cutáneo apareció en 33,7%, comportamiento que explicó la agregación lesional observada. En conclusión, se confirmó un perfil de pacientes con cáncer de piel generalmente masculino envejecido, alta exposición solar y predominio melanocítico, delineando escenarios quirúrgicos complejos que demandan vigilancia continua y estudios prospectivos que esclarezcan interacción genética-ambiental en regiones tropicales.

Skin Tumors

2025-06-14

| TNM Online

Abstract Describing cancer stage is one of the most important elements of oncological practice. Clinical research and clinical care depend on an accurate assessment of cancer stage and prognostic factors. … Abstract Describing cancer stage is one of the most important elements of oncological practice. Clinical research and clinical care depend on an accurate assessment of cancer stage and prognostic factors. This chapter presents an information of skin tumors. The classifications apply to carcinomas of the skin, melanomas of the skin, including eyelid, and to Merkel cell carcinoma. There should be histological confirmation of the disease and division of cases by histological type. The classification applies only to cutaneous carcinomas of the head and neck region, excluding the eyelid and excluding Merkel cell carcinoma and melanoma. There should be histological confirmation of the disease. Melanoma of the eyelid is classified with melanoma of the skin.

Recurrence Rates of Keratinocyte Carcinoma Treated With Curettage Alone: A Retrospective Cohort and Interview Study

2025-06-13

Nathanael C. Jensen , A. Eden , Jacob Robins +4 more | Dermatologic Surgery

BACKGROUND In the treatment of keratinocyte carcinoma, curettage alone has been described as a simpler, less expensive, and quicker method than electrodessication and curettage; however, there are limited studies examining … BACKGROUND In the treatment of keratinocyte carcinoma, curettage alone has been described as a simpler, less expensive, and quicker method than electrodessication and curettage; however, there are limited studies examining recurrence rates for such lesions. OBJECTIVE To investigate the 5-year recurrence rates of keratinocyte carcinoma treated with curettage alone and compare these results to previously reported recurrence rates for electrodessication and curettage. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort and interview study determined 5-year recurrence rates for 1,853 total lesions treated with curettage alone using chart review data and patient phone calls. RESULTS This study yielded a per-protocol 5-year recurrence rate of 2.41% for BCCs, 4.52% for SCCs, and an average of 3.71% across both types of keratinocyte carcinoma. Lesions on the head and neck displayed a significantly greater recurrence rate of 7.18% when treated with curettage alone. CONCLUSION Curettage alone provides comparable efficacy in curing keratinocyte carcinoma when compared with electrodessication and curettage.

Skin Cancer Burden Rising in Older Adults, Study Finds

2025-06-13

Samantha Anderer | JAMA

Patient Education on Skin Cancer: A Comparison of Video and Pamphlet Formats at a Free Screening Event

2025-06-12

Clark A. Rosen , Silvija Milanovic , Michaela Rechdan +1 more | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> Background Skin cancer incidence is rising, and people of color often present with more advanced, aggressive disease due to delayed detection. Identifying effective educational tools in community screening settings … <title>Abstract</title> Background Skin cancer incidence is rising, and people of color often present with more advanced, aggressive disease due to delayed detection. Identifying effective educational tools in community screening settings may improve early detection by increasing awareness of risk factors and promoting self-skin examinations. This study compared the effectiveness of a video versus a written pamphlet in educating patients about skin cancer, risk factors, and self-skin examination techniques at a community health event. Methods 72 participants recruited from two free skin cancer screening events, held in Gainesville, Florida, in November 2023 and April 2024, were randomized to receive educational information via video or pamphlet. Participants completed demographic questionnaires and six pre- and post-survey questions. Educational materials and surveys were available in English and Spanish. Results 44.4% (n = 32) of participants identified as people of color. Surveys were completed in English by 87.5% and in Spanish by 12.5%. Video participants demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge and self-examination confidence across all six questions, with paired response analysis showing improvements in 5/6 questions. Pamphlet readers exhibited significant improvement in 4/6 questions in both overall and paired comparisons. Conclusions The video format demonstrated a slight advantage over the pamphlet in enhancing knowledge and self-examination confidence. Providing educational materials in multiple formats at free screening events may improve skin cancer awareness, particularly in minority populations.

Imaging and sentinel lymph node biopsy in high risk head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a Chinese cohort study

2025-06-12

Yuanfang Ma , Dongqiu Shan , Haisan Zhang | Frontiers in Oncology

Objective To evaluate the most effective modalities for detecting lymph node metastasis and to ascertain whether these procedures influenced management decisions and correlated with disease-related outcomes in head and neck … Objective To evaluate the most effective modalities for detecting lymph node metastasis and to ascertain whether these procedures influenced management decisions and correlated with disease-related outcomes in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC) based on a Chinese cohort. Methods High-risk HNcSCC patients were retrospectively enrolled and categorized into three groups based on neck evaluation methods: ultrasound (U), ultrasound plus CT (UC), and ultrasound plus CT plus sentinel lymph node biopsy (UCS). The impact of these modalities on regional control and overall survival was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results The U, UC, and UCS groups comprised 91, 102, and 77 patients, respectively. In the multivariable analysis for regional control, patients in the UC group exhibited a hazard ratio of 1.48 [95%CI: 1.06-2.77] compared to the UCS group, while those in the U group demonstrated an HR of 1.43 [95%CI: 1.10-3.00]. Regarding overall survival, the multivariable analysis revealed that patients in the UC group had an HR of 1.67 [95%CI: 1.11-2.89] compared to the UCS group, with the U group also presenting an HR of 1.69 [95%CI: 1.21-3.12]. The UC group exhibited a management change rate of 6.8% attributable to the addition of CT, while sentinel lymph node biopsy led to a management change rate of 7.8% in the UCS group. Among the three modalities, SLNB demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy, with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusion The combination of ultrasound, CT, and SLNB resulted in improved prognostic outcomes for patients with high-risk HNcSCC.

Translational Potential of Fluorescent PARP1 Inhibitor as a Molecular Contrast Agent for Diagnosis of Basal Cell Carcinoma

2025-06-12

Miriam Abigail A. Ricanati , Ucalene Harris , Neil M. Neumann +7 more | Journal of Nuclear Medicine

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common skin cancer, typically requires biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Reflectance confocal microscopy is a noninvasive rule-out test, but the lack of nuclear contrast in … Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common skin cancer, typically requires biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Reflectance confocal microscopy is a noninvasive rule-out test, but the lack of nuclear contrast in BCC often leads to missed diagnoses. Our previous research in ex vivo human skin indicated that PARPi-FL, a poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor-targeted fluorescent contrast agent, penetrated intact skin when applied topically and improved the diagnosis of BCC compared with reflectance confocal microscopy alone. This study refined PARPi-FL's concentration and application timing to assess its detectability, safety, and feasibility for topical use in clinics and investigated its potential to distinguish BCC from nonmalignant clinical mimickers. Methods: We assessed PARP1 expression in 86 BCCs and 76 nonmalignant mimickers via immunohistochemistry. PARPi-FL (10 μM) permeability on ex vivo human skin was evaluated using a fluorescent confocal microscope (FCM) after 5 min compared with the previously evaluated times of 10-30 min. We evaluated the detectability of PARPi-FL's fluorescent signal (10 μM; 5 and 30 min) via FCM through intact skin in excised human BCC tumors and compared it with the signal in 4 benign lesions. FCM imaging was conducted in anesthetized tumor-bearing B6 K5-Gli2 mice to evaluate topical application with gauze, simulating in vivo human imaging. Quantitative measurements of FCM signal intensities were taken with varying PARPi-FL concentrations (>10 μM) at 5 min. Systemic and cutaneous toxicity were assessed in SKH1-Hrhr mice and Yorkshire pigs. Results: PARP1 was overexpressed in BCC lesions compared with nonmalignant lesions. PARPi-FL penetrated intact human skin and labeled dermal structures within 2-5 min. A strong fluorescent signal from BCC lesions was detectable through the skin surface to a depth of approximately 100 µm after 5 min, whereas benign lesions showed lower and more variable signals. PARPi-FL application using gauze proved effective, with detectable signals in tumor-bearing mice. Increasing the concentration and reducing application time enhanced the nuclear fluorescent signal. No serious toxicity was observed in preclinical species. Conclusion: PARPi-FL is a fluorescent molecular contrast agent that has shown preclinical safety and translational potential for use in topical application for noninvasive BCC diagnosis. Its diagnostic accuracy and safety in humans require validation in clinical trials.

Infiltrative Basal Cell Carcinoma with Nodal Metastasis in a 74-year-old Female

2025-06-10

Reynaldo Gabriel Paulino , J. Chua , Karen Damian +2 more | Philippine Journal of Pathology

Basal cell carcinoma, the most common human malignancy, has a rare incidence of metastases ranging from 0.0028-0.55%. We report a case of a 74-year-old female with a 10-year history of … Basal cell carcinoma, the most common human malignancy, has a rare incidence of metastases ranging from 0.0028-0.55%. We report a case of a 74-year-old female with a 10-year history of an enlarging anterior thigh nodule. Wide resection and inguinal lymph node dissection revealed an infiltrative basal cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis due to the presence of basaloid cells, limited peripheral palisading, loose stroma, extensive spread, perineural invasion and immunoreactivity to p40, BerEP4, and GATA3.'