Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science

Light effects on plants

Works Count: 36297

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the mechanisms and pathways involved in light signal transduction in plants, including the roles of photoreceptors such as phytochromes and cryptochromes, the regulation of plant development and growth by light, responses to UV-B radiation, and the application of optogenetics in studying plant signaling. Additionally, it explores the involvement of flavonoids and chloroplast movement in light-mediated processes.

Keywords

Photoreceptors; Signal Transduction; Phytochromes; Cryptochromes; Light Regulation; Plant Development; UV-B Radiation; Optogenetics; Flavonoids; Chloroplast Movement

Photoperiodism in plants

1975-01-01

Brian Thomas , Daphne Vince‐Prue

Targeted destabilization of HY5 during light-regulated development of Arabidopsis

2000-05-01

Mark T. Østerlund , Christian S. Hardtke , Ning Wei +1 more

Mammalian Cry1 and Cry2 are essential for maintenance of circadian rhythms

1999-04-01

Gijsbertus T. J. van der Horst , Manja Muijtjens , Kumiko Kobayashi +7 more

Higher plants and UV-B radiation: balancing damage, repair and acclimation

1998-04-01

Marcel A. K. Jansen , Victor Gaba , Bruce M. Greenberg

Spectral Reflectance Changes Associated with Autumn Senescence of Aesculus hippocastanum L. and Acer platanoides L. Leaves. Spectral Features and Relation to Chlorophyll Estimation

1994-03-01

Anatoly A. Gitelson , Mark N. Merzlyak

Cryptochromes: Blue Light Receptors for Plants and Animals

1999-04-30

Anthony R. Cashmore , José A. Jarillo , Yingjie Wu +1 more

Cryptochromes are blue, ultraviolet-A photoreceptors. They were first characterized for Arabidopsis and are also found in ferns and algae; they appear to be ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. They are … Cryptochromes are blue, ultraviolet-A photoreceptors. They were first characterized for Arabidopsis and are also found in ferns and algae; they appear to be ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. They are flavoproteins similar in sequence to photolyases, their presumptive evolutionary ancestors. Cryptochromes mediate a variety of light responses, including entrainment of circadian rhythms in Arabidopsis , Drosophila , and mammals. Sequence comparison indicates that the plant and animal cryptochrome families have distinct evolutionary histories, with the plant cryptochromes being of ancient evolutionary origin and the animal cryptochromes having evolved relatively recently. This process of repeated evolution may have coincided with the origin in animals of a modified circadian clock based on the PERIOD, TIMELESS, CLOCK, and CYCLE proteins.

A molecular framework for light and gibberellin control of cell elongation

2008-01-01

Miguel de Lucas , Jean‐Michel Davière , Mariana Rodríguez-Falcón +7 more

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Coordinated regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana development by light and gibberellins

2008-01-01

Suhua Feng , Cristina Martínez , Giuliana Gusmaroli +7 more

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Structure and Function of DNA Photolyase and Cryptochrome Blue-Light Photoreceptors

2003-04-19

Aziz Sancar

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and Function of DNA Photolyase and Cryptochrome Blue-Light PhotoreceptorsAziz SancarView Author Information Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Mary Ellen Jones Building, CB 7260, University of North … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and Function of DNA Photolyase and Cryptochrome Blue-Light PhotoreceptorsAziz SancarView Author Information Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Mary Ellen Jones Building, CB 7260, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 6, 2203–2238Publication Date (Web):April 19, 2003Publication History Received25 July 2002Published online19 April 2003Published inissue 1 June 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0204348https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0204348research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10780Altmetric-Citations1053LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Charge transfer,Flavins,Genetics,Oligomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts

Rapid blue-light–mediated induction of protein interactions in living cells

2010-10-31

Matthew J. Kennedy , Robert M. Hughes , Leslie A Peteya +3 more

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The ELF4–ELF3–LUX complex links the circadian clock to diurnal control of hypocotyl growth

2011-07-01

Dmitri A. Nusinow , Anne Helfer , Elizabeth E. Hamilton +5 more

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RNA-Methylation-Dependent RNA Processing Controls the Speed of the Circadian Clock

2013-11-01

Jean‐Michel Fustin , Masao Doi , Yoshiaki Yamaguchi +7 more

Photoreceptor Regulation of CONSTANS Protein in Photoperiodic Flowering

2004-02-12

Federico Valverde , Aidyn Mouradov , Wim J. J. Soppe +3 more

Many plants flower in response to seasonal fluctuations in day length. The CONSTANS (CO) gene of Arabidopsis promotes flowering in long days. Flowering is induced when CO messenger RNA expression … Many plants flower in response to seasonal fluctuations in day length. The CONSTANS (CO) gene of Arabidopsis promotes flowering in long days. Flowering is induced when CO messenger RNA expression coincides with the exposure of plants to light. However, how this promotes CO activity is unknown. We show that light stabilizes nuclear CO protein in the evening, whereas in the morning or in darkness the protein is degraded by the proteasome. Photoreceptors regulate CO stability and act antagonistically to generate daily rhythms in CO abundance. This layer of regulation refines the circadian rhythm in CO messenger RNA and is central to the mechanism by which day length controls flowering.

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HY4 gene of A. thaliana encodes a protein with characteristics of a blue-light photoreceptor

1993-11-01

Margaret Ahmad , Anthony R. Cashmore

phot1 and phot2 mediate blue light regulation of stomatal opening

2001-12-01

Toshinori Kinoshita , Michio Doi , Noriyuki Suetsugu +3 more

Cloning of the Arabidopsis Clock Gene TOC1 , an Autoregulatory Response Regulator Homolog

2000-08-04

Carl A. Strayer , Tokitaka Oyama , Thomas F. Schultz +6 more

The toc1 mutation causes shortened circadian rhythms in light-grown Arabidopsis plants. Here, we report the same toc1 effect in the absence of light input to the clock. We also show … The toc1 mutation causes shortened circadian rhythms in light-grown Arabidopsis plants. Here, we report the same toc1 effect in the absence of light input to the clock. We also show that TOC1 controls photoperiodic flowering response through clock function. The TOC1 gene was isolated and found to encode a nuclear protein containing an atypical response regulator receiver domain and two motifs that suggest a role in transcriptional regulation: a basic motif conserved within the CONSTANS family of transcription factors and an acidic domain. TOC1 is itself circadianly regulated and participates in a feedback loop to control its own expression.

A genetically encoded photoactivatable Rac controls the motility of living cells

2009-08-19

Yi Wu , Daniel Frey , Oana I. Lungu +4 more

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The Pseudo-Response Regulator Ppd-H1 Provides Adaptation to Photoperiod in Barley

2005-11-10

Adrian Turner , James Beales , Sébastien Faure +2 more

Plants commonly use photoperiod (day length) to control the timing of flowering during the year, and variation in photoperiod response has been selected in many crops to provide adaptation to … Plants commonly use photoperiod (day length) to control the timing of flowering during the year, and variation in photoperiod response has been selected in many crops to provide adaptation to different environments and farming practices. Positional cloning identified Ppd-H1, the major determinant of barley photoperiod response, as a pseudo-response regulator, a class of genes involved in circadian clock function. Reduced photoperiod responsiveness of the ppd-H1 mutant, which is highly advantageous in spring-sown varieties, is explained by altered circadian expression of the photoperiod pathway gene CONSTANS and reduced expression of its downstream target, FT, a key regulator of flowering.

UV-induced DNA damage and repair: a review

2002-03-13

Rajeshwar P. Sinha , Donat-P. Häder

FKF1 and GIGANTEA Complex Formation Is Required for Day-Length Measurement in Arabidopsis

2007-09-14

Mariko Sawa , Dmitri A. Nusinow , Steve A. Kay +1 more

Precise timing of CONSTANS ( CO ) gene expression is necessary for day-length discrimination for photoperiodic flowering. The FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1 (FKF1), and GIGANTEA (GI) proteins regulate CO … Precise timing of CONSTANS ( CO ) gene expression is necessary for day-length discrimination for photoperiodic flowering. The FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1 (FKF1), and GIGANTEA (GI) proteins regulate CO transcription in Arabidopsis . We demonstrate that FKF1 and GI proteins form a complex in a blue-light–dependent manner. The timing of this interaction regulates the timing of daytime CO expression. FKF1 function is dependent on GI, which interacts with a CO repressor, CYCLING DOF FACTOR 1 (CDF1), and controls CDF1 stability. GI, FKF1, and CDF1 proteins associate with CO chromatin. Thus, the FKF1-GI complex forms on the CO promoter in late afternoon to regulate CO expression, providing a mechanistic view of how the coincidence of light with circadian timing regulates photoperiodic flowering.

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The late elongated hypocotyl Mutation of Arabidopsis Disrupts Circadian Rhythms and the Photoperiodic Control of Flowering

1998-06-01

Robert J. Schaffer , Nicola Ramsay , Alon Samach +4 more

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DEVELOPMENT IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1927-03-01

Ju-chi Li

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Constitutive Expression of the CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) Gene Disrupts Circadian Rhythms and Suppresses Its Own Expression

1998-06-01

Zhiyong Wang , Elaine M. Tobin

The cryb Mutation Identifies Cryptochrome as a Circadian Photoreceptor in Drosophila

1998-11-01

Ralf Stanewsky , Maki Kaneko , Patrick Emery +5 more

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Photoprotection and Other Responses of Plants to High Light Stress

1992-06-01

Barbara Demmig‐Adams , William W. Adams

PHOTO PROTECTION 604 Prevention oj Excessive Light Absorption... 604 Removal of Excess Excitation Energy Directly within the Light-Capturing System ......... ...... . . ..... ..... . .... . ..... ...... … PHOTO PROTECTION 604 Prevention oj Excessive Light Absorption... 604 Removal of Excess Excitation Energy Directly within the Light-Capturing System ......... ...... . . ..... ..... . .... . ..... ...... .... . .. . .. . . ..... . . . ... ... . 604 Removal oj Active Oxygen Formed in the Photochemical Apparatus ........ . . .. . . . . . . 605 INACTIV A TIONiTURNOVER OF PS II 606 THE XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE AND THERMAL ENERGY DISSIPATION: A PHOTOPROTECTIVE RESPONSE 608 Characteristics oj the Xanthophyll Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 Association Among the De-epoxidized State oj the Xanthophyll Cycle, Thermal Energy Dissipation. and Photoprotection .. .. . . . .. . . ...... .. .. ... ... 609 Operation of the Xanthophyll Cycle in the Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .... . . . .. . . . . 611 CONCLUSIONS 618

Plant Circadian Clocks Increase Photosynthesis, Growth, Survival, and Competitive Advantage

2005-07-22

Antony N. Dodd , Neeraj Salathia , Anthony Hall +6 more

Circadian clocks are believed to confer an advantage to plants, but the nature of that advantage has been unknown. We show that a substantial photosynthetic advantage is conferred by correct … Circadian clocks are believed to confer an advantage to plants, but the nature of that advantage has been unknown. We show that a substantial photosynthetic advantage is conferred by correct matching of the circadian clock period with that of the external light-dark cycle. In wild type and in long– and short–circadian period mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana , plants with a clock period matched to the environment contain more chlorophyll, fix more carbon, grow faster, and survive better than plants with circadian periods differing from their environment. This explains why plants gain advantage from circadian control.

Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis Induced by Visible Light

1984-06-01

Stephen B. Powles

INTRODUCTION . PHOTOINHIBITION FROM EXPOSURE TO A HIGH PFD WITHOUT ADDITIONAL STRESS . Aquatic Plants . Shade Plants . Sun Plants... .. . . . . . . . .. … INTRODUCTION . PHOTOINHIBITION FROM EXPOSURE TO A HIGH PFD WITHOUT ADDITIONAL STRESS . Aquatic Plants . Shade Plants . Sun Plants... .. . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . Damage to Photosynthesis Caused by an Excessive PFD . PHOTOINHIBITION INDUCED BY INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS FACTORS .

Meeting the Global Food Demand of the Future by Engineering Crop Photosynthesis and Yield Potential

2015-03-01

Stephen P. Long , Amy Marshall‐Colón , Xin‐Guang Zhu

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Phototropin Blue-Light Receptors

2006-10-26

John M. Christie

Phototropins are blue-light receptors controlling a range of responses that serve to optimize the photosynthetic efficiency of plants. These include phototropism, light-induced stomatal opening, and chloroplast movements in response to … Phototropins are blue-light receptors controlling a range of responses that serve to optimize the photosynthetic efficiency of plants. These include phototropism, light-induced stomatal opening, and chloroplast movements in response to changes in light intensity. Since the isolation of the Arabidopsis PHOT1 gene in 1997, phototropins have been identified in ferns and mosses where their physiological functions appear to be conserved. Arabidopsis contains two phototropins, phot1 and phot2, that exhibit overlapping functions in addition to having unique physiological roles. Phototropins are light-activated serine/threonine protein kinases. Light sensing by the phototropins is mediated by a repeated motif at the N-terminal region of the protein known as the LOV domain. Photoexcitation of the LOV domain results in receptor autophosphorylation and an initiation of phototropin signaling. Here we summarize the photochemical and biochemical events underlying phototropin activation in addition to the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms associated with photoreceptor signaling.

Sensing and Responding to Excess Light

2008-12-09

Zhirong Li , Setsuko Wakao , Beat B. Fischer +1 more

Plants and algae often absorb too much light-more than they can actually use in photosynthesis. To prevent photo-oxidative damage and to acclimate to changes in their environment, photosynthetic organisms have … Plants and algae often absorb too much light-more than they can actually use in photosynthesis. To prevent photo-oxidative damage and to acclimate to changes in their environment, photosynthetic organisms have evolved direct and indirect mechanisms for sensing and responding to excess light. Photoreceptors such as phototropin, neochrome, and cryptochrome can sense excess light directly and relay signals for chloroplast movement and gene expression responses. Indirect sensing of excess light through biochemical and metabolic signals can be transduced into local responses within chloroplasts, into changes in nuclear gene expression via retrograde signaling pathways, or even into systemic responses, all of which are associated with photoacclimation.

Light Signal Transduction in Higher Plants

2004-11-02

Meng Chen , Joanne Chory , Christian Fankhauser

Plants utilize several families of photoreceptors to fine-tune growth and development over a large range of environmental conditions. The UV-A/blue light sensing phototropins mediate several light responses enabling optimization of … Plants utilize several families of photoreceptors to fine-tune growth and development over a large range of environmental conditions. The UV-A/blue light sensing phototropins mediate several light responses enabling optimization of photosynthetic yields. The initial event occurring upon photon capture is a conformational change of the photoreceptor that activates its protein kinase activity. The UV-A/blue light sensing cryptochromes and the red/far-red sensing phytochromes coordinately control seedling establishment, entrainment of the circadian clock, and the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. In addition, the phytochromes control seed germination and shade-avoidance responses. The molecular mechanisms involved include light-regulated subcellular localization of the photoreceptors, a large reorganization of the transcriptional program, and light-regulated proteolytic degradation of several photoreceptors and signaling components.

ABSORPTION OF LIGHT BY CHLOROPHYLL SOLUTIONS

1941-08-01

G. Mackinney

Transcriptional repression by AtMYB4 controls production of UV-protecting sunscreens in Arabidopsis

2000-11-15

Hailing Jin

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Anthocyanins in vegetative tissues: a proposed unified function in photoprotection

2002-08-20

W.J. Steyn , S.J.E. Wand , D.M. Holcroft +1 more

Summary The function of anthocyanins in green, vegetative tissues has always been a contentious issue. Here we evaluate their proposed photoprotective function since recent findings have shown that anthocyanins reduce … Summary The function of anthocyanins in green, vegetative tissues has always been a contentious issue. Here we evaluate their proposed photoprotective function since recent findings have shown that anthocyanins reduce photoinhibition and photobleaching of chlorophyll under light stress conditions. Anthocyanins generally accumulate in peripheral tissues exposed to high irradiance, although there are some exceptions (e.g. accumulation in abaxial leaf tissues and in obligatory shade plants) and accumulation is usually transient. Anthocyanin accumulation requires light and generally coincides with periods of high excitation pressure and increased potential for photo‐oxidative damage due to an imbalance between light capture, CO 2 assimilation and carbohydrate utilization (e.g. greening of developing tissues, senescence and adverse environmental conditions). Light attenuation by anthocyanin may help to re‐establish this balance and so reduce the risk of photo‐oxidative damage. Although it has been suggested that anthocyanins may act as antioxidants, the association between anthocyanins and oxidative stress appears to relate to the ability of anthocyanins to reduce excitation pressure and, hence, the potential for oxidative damage. The various aspects of anthocyanin induction and pigmentation presented here are compatible with, and support, the proposed general role of anthocyanins as photoprotective light screens in vegetative tissues.

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Light Quality, Photoperception, and Plant Strategy

1982-06-01

H. SMITH

THE FUNC1'ION OF SIGNAL-TRANSDUCING PHOTORECEPTORS IN RELATION TO PLANT STRATEGY 483 THE NATURAL LIGHT ENVIRONMENT 485 Technical Considerations 485 Solar Radiation 486 Daylight 488 Twilight 488 Moonlight and Starlight 489 … THE FUNC1'ION OF SIGNAL-TRANSDUCING PHOTORECEPTORS IN RELATION TO PLANT STRATEGY 483 THE NATURAL LIGHT ENVIRONMENT 485 Technical Considerations 485 Solar Radiation 486 Daylight 488 Twilight 488 Moonlight and Starlight 489 Light Quality Under Vegetation Canopies 490 Light Quality Underwater 490 Ef ect of Aspect on Light Quality 492 Light Quality under the Soil 492 Light Quality as an Environmental Signal 492 PLANT RESPONSES TO NATURAL LIGHT QUALITY CHANGES 494 Experimental Design 494 Plant Strategy in Relation to the Changing Light Environment 495 Light Quality and Responses to Shade: Established Plants 495 Light Quality and Responses to Shade: Regenerative Strategy 498 Light Quality and Photoperiodism 500 Specific Responses to Blue Light in Nature 501 Light Quality and Plant Responses .Underwater 502 Summary 503

Mutations in the gene for the red/far-red light receptor phytochrome B alter cell elongation and physiological responses throughout Arabidopsis development.

1993-02-01

Jason W. Reed , Punita Nagpal , Daniel S. Poole +2 more

Phytochromes are a family of plant photoreceptors that mediate physiological and developmental responses to changes in red and far-red light conditions. In Arabidopsis, there are genes for at least five … Phytochromes are a family of plant photoreceptors that mediate physiological and developmental responses to changes in red and far-red light conditions. In Arabidopsis, there are genes for at least five phytochrome proteins. These photoreceptors control such responses as germination, stem elongation, flowering, gene expression, and chloroplast and leaf development. However, it is not known which red light responses are controlled by which phytochrome species, or whether the different phytochromes have overlapping functions. We report here that previously described hy3 mutants have mutations in the gene coding for phytochrome B (PhyB). These are the first mutations shown to lie in a plant photoreceptor gene. A number of tissues are abnormally elongated in the hy3(phyB) mutants, including hypocotyls, stems, petioles, and root hairs. In addition, the mutants flower earlier than the wild type, and they accumulate less chlorophyll. PhyB thus controls Arabidopsis development at numerous stages and in multiple tissues.

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PHYTOCHROME STRUCTURE AND SIGNALING MECHANISMS

2006-02-07

Nathan C. Rockwell , Yi-shin Su , J. Clark Lagarias

Phytochromes are a widespread family of red/far-red responsive photoreceptors first discovered in plants, where they constitute one of the three main classes of photomorphogenesis regulators. All phytochromes utilize covalently attached … Phytochromes are a widespread family of red/far-red responsive photoreceptors first discovered in plants, where they constitute one of the three main classes of photomorphogenesis regulators. All phytochromes utilize covalently attached bilin chromophores that enable photoconversion between red-absorbing (P r ) and far-red-absorbing (P fr ) forms. Phytochromes are thus photoswitchable photosensors; canonical phytochromes have a conserved N-terminal photosensory core and a C-terminal regulatory region, which typically includes a histidine-kinase-related domain. The discovery of new bacterial and cyanobacterial members of the phytochrome family within the last decade has greatly aided biochemical and structural characterization of this family, with the first crystal structure of a bacteriophytochrome photosensory core appearing in 2005. This structure and other recent biochemical studies have provided exciting new insights into the structure of phytochrome, the photoconversion process that is central to light sensing, and the mechanism of signal transfer by this important family of photoreceptors.

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CRY, a Drosophila Clock and Light-Regulated Cryptochrome, Is a Major Contributor to Circadian Rhythm Resetting and Photosensitivity

1998-11-01

Patrick Emery , W. Venus So , Maki Kaneko +2 more

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Light-regulated transcriptional networks in higher plants

2007-02-16

Yuling Jiao , On Sun Lau , Xing Wang Deng

Novel phytochrome sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana: structure, evolution, and differential expression of a plant regulatory photoreceptor family.

1989-11-01

Robert Sharrock , Peter H. Quail

Phytochrome is a plant regulatory photoreceptor that mediates red light effects on a wide variety of physiological and molecular responses. DNA blot analysis indicates that the Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains … Phytochrome is a plant regulatory photoreceptor that mediates red light effects on a wide variety of physiological and molecular responses. DNA blot analysis indicates that the Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains four to five phytochrome-related gene sequences. We have isolated and sequenced cDNA clones corresponding to three of these genes and have deduced the amino acid sequence of the full-length polypeptide encoded in each case. One of these proteins (phyA) shows 65-80% amino acid sequence identity with the major, etiolated-tissue phytochrome apoproteins described previously in other plant species. The other two polypeptides (phyB and phyC) are unique in that they have low sequence identity (approximately 50%) with each other, with phyA, and with all previously described phytochromes. The phyA, phyB, and phyC proteins are of similar molecular mass, have related hydropathic profiles, and contain a conserved chromophore attachment region. However, the sequence comparison data indicate that the three phy genes diverged early in plant evolution, well before the divergence of the two major groups of angiosperms, the monocots and dicots. The steady-state level of the phyA transcript is high in dark-grown A. thaliana seedlings and is down-regulated by light. In contrast, the phyB and phyC transcripts are present at lower levels and are not strongly light-regulated. These findings indicate that the red/far light-responsive phytochrome photoreceptor system in A. thaliana, and perhaps in all higher plants, consists of a family of chromoproteins that are heterogeneous in structure and regulation.

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PIFs: pivotal components in a cellular signaling hub

2010-09-14

Pablo Leivar , Peter H. Quail

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Arabidopsis Flavonoid Mutants Are Hypersensitive to UV-B Irradiation.

1993-02-01

Jun Li , Tsai-Mei Ou-Lee , R. Raba +2 more

Increases in the terrestrial levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280 to 320 nm) due to diminished stratospheric ozone have prompted an investigation of the protective mechanisms that contribute to UV-B … Increases in the terrestrial levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280 to 320 nm) due to diminished stratospheric ozone have prompted an investigation of the protective mechanisms that contribute to UV-B tolerance in plants. In response to UV-B stress, flowering plants produce a variety of UV-absorptive secondary products derived from phenylalanine. Arabidopsis mutants with defects in the synthesis of these compounds were tested for UV-B sensitivity. The transparent testa-4 (tt4) mutant, which has reduced flavonoids and normal levels of sinapate esters, is more sensitive to UV-B than the wild type when grown under high UV-B irradiance. The tt5 and tt6 mutants, which have reduced levels of UV-absorptive leaf flavonoids and the monocyclic sinapic acid ester phenolic compounds, are highly sensitive to the damaging effects of UV-B radiation. These results demonstrate that both flavonoids and other phenolic compounds play important roles in vivo in plant UV-B protection.

The effect of drought and ultraviolet radiation on growth and stress markers in pea and wheat

2001-12-01

V. Alexieva , Iskren Sergiev , S. Mapelli +1 more

Abstract It emerged recently that there is an inter‐relationship between drought and ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation in plant responses, in that both stresses provoke an oxidative burst. The purpose of this … Abstract It emerged recently that there is an inter‐relationship between drought and ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation in plant responses, in that both stresses provoke an oxidative burst. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects and interaction of drought and UV‐B in wheat and pea. The absence of changes in relative leaf water content (RWC) after UV‐B treatments indicate that changes in water content were not involved. RWC was the main factor resulting in reduced growth in response to drought. Increases in anthocyanin and phenols were detected after exposure to UV‐B. The increases do not appear to be of sufficient magnitude to act as a UV‐B screen. UV‐B application caused greater membrane damage than drought stress, as assessed by lipid peroxidation as well as osmolyte leakage. An increase in the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes was measured after UV‐B alone as well as after application to droughted plants. Proline increased primarily in drought‐stressed pea or wheat. Proline may be the drought‐induced factor which has a protective role in response to UV‐B. The physiological and biochemical parameters measured indicate the UV‐B light has stronger stress effectors than drought on the growth of seedlings of both species. The two environmental stresses acted synergistically to induce protective mechanisms in that pre‐application of either stress reduced the damage caused by subsequent application of the other stress.

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Analysis of Transcription Factor HY5 Genomic Binding Sites Revealed Its Hierarchical Role in Light Regulation of Development

2007-03-01

Jungeun Lee , Kun He , Viktor Štolc +7 more

The transcription factor LONG HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) acts downstream of multiple families of the photoreceptors and promotes photomorphogenesis. Although it is well accepted that HY5 acts to regulate target gene expression, … The transcription factor LONG HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) acts downstream of multiple families of the photoreceptors and promotes photomorphogenesis. Although it is well accepted that HY5 acts to regulate target gene expression, in vivo binding of HY5 to any of its target gene promoters has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we used a chromatin immunoprecipitation procedure to verify suspected in vivo HY5 binding sites. We demonstrated that in vivo association of HY5 with promoter targets is not altered under distinct light qualities or during light-to-dark transition. Coupled with DNA chip hybridization using a high-density 60-nucleotide oligomer microarray that contains one probe for every 500 nucleotides over the entire Arabidopsis thaliana genome, we mapped genome-wide in vivo HY5 binding sites. This analysis showed that HY5 binds preferentially to promoter regions in vivo and revealed >3000 chromosomal sites as putative HY5 binding targets. HY5 binding targets tend to be enriched in the early light-responsive genes and transcription factor genes. Our data thus support a model in which HY5 is a high hierarchical regulator of the transcriptional cascades for photomorphogenesis.

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Perception of UV-B by the Arabidopsis UVR8 Protein

2011-03-31

Luca Rizzini , Jean-Jacques Favory , Catherine Cloix +7 more

To optimize their growth and survival, plants perceive and respond to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. However, neither the molecular identity of the UV-B photoreceptor nor the photoperception mechanism is known. Here … To optimize their growth and survival, plants perceive and respond to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. However, neither the molecular identity of the UV-B photoreceptor nor the photoperception mechanism is known. Here we show that dimers of the UVR8 protein perceive UV-B, probably by a tryptophan-based mechanism. Absorption of UV-B induces instant monomerization of the photoreceptor and interaction with COP1, the central regulator of light signaling. Thereby this signaling cascade controlled by UVR8 mediates UV-B photomorphogenic responses securing plant acclimation and thus promotes survival in sunlight.

Comparative Photosynthesis of Sun and Shade Plants

1977-06-01

N.K. Boardman

INTRODUCTION 355 SUN AND SHADE SPECIES . 356 Light Saturation Characteristics 356 Pigment Content and Leaf Anatomy ..... 357 Chloroplast Structure 358 Parameters Influencing Photosynthetic Rates 359 CO2 Diff usion … INTRODUCTION 355 SUN AND SHADE SPECIES . 356 Light Saturation Characteristics 356 Pigment Content and Leaf Anatomy ..... 357 Chloroplast Structure 358 Parameters Influencing Photosynthetic Rates 359 CO2 Diff usion and the Carboxylation of Ribulose Diphosphate 360 Photosynthetic Electron Transport 361 Electron Transport Components ... 361

Phytochromes and light signal perception by plants—an emerging synthesis

2000-10-01

Harry Smith

SOLAR UV IRRADIATION AND THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER PLANTS

1971-01-01

Martyn M. Caldwell

Causes of Photooxidative Stress and Amelioration of Defense Systems in Plants

2019-07-22

Christine H. Foyer , Philip M. Mullineaux

The volume contains full coverage of research on photo-oxidative stress, from photochemistry to molecular genetics. The text includes a comprehensive collection of major reviews providing a broad perspective. The contributors … The volume contains full coverage of research on photo-oxidative stress, from photochemistry to molecular genetics. The text includes a comprehensive collection of major reviews providing a broad perspective. The contributors highlight many areas of current research and explore the causes of photo-oxidative stress in plants and the environmental consequences, as well as the biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology of protective systems. They also examine how these systems can be manipulated to improve stress tolerance.

Light-Regulated Plant Growth and Development

2010-01-01

Chitose Kami , Séverine Lorrain , Patricia Hornitschek +1 more

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Multiple Signals Can Be Integrated into Pathways of Blue-Light-Mediated Floral Transition: Possible Explanations on Diverse Flowering Responses to Blue Light Manipulation

2025-06-25

Yun Kong , Youbin Zheng | Agronomy

Blue light (BL) plays a crucial role in regulating floral transition and can be precisely manipulated in controlled-environment agriculture (CEA). However, previous studies on BL-mediated flowering in CEA have produced … Blue light (BL) plays a crucial role in regulating floral transition and can be precisely manipulated in controlled-environment agriculture (CEA). However, previous studies on BL-mediated flowering in CEA have produced conflicting results, likely due to species-specific responses and variations in experimental conditions (such as light spectrum and intensity) as summarized in our recent systematic review. This speculation still lacks a mechanistic explanation at the molecular level. By synthesizing recent advances in our understanding of the signaling mechanisms underlying floral transition, this review highlights how both internal signals (e.g., hormones, carbohydrates, and developmental stage) and external cues (e.g., light spectrum, temperature, nutrients, stress, and magnetic fields) are integrated into the flowering pathway mediated by BL. Key signal integration nodes have been identified, ranging from photoreceptors (e.g., cryptochromes) to downstream components such as transcription factors and central flowering regulator, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). This signal integration offers a potential mechanistic explanation for the previously inconsistent findings, which may arise from interspecies differences in photoreceptor composition and variation in the expression of downstream components influenced by hormonal crosstalk, environmental conditions, and developmental stage, depending on the specific context. This review provides novel molecular insights into how BL modulates floral transition through interactions with other signals. By systematically compiling and critically assessing recent research findings, we identify key research gaps and outline future directions, particularly the need for more studies in agriculturally important crops. Furthermore, this review proposes a conceptual framework for optimizing BL-based lighting strategies and exploring underexamined interaction factors in the regulation of flowering.

Photobiology, photosynthesis, and plant responses under artificial lighting in controlled environment agriculture

2025-06-25

Sahar Azizi , Sasan Aliniaeifard , Saeedeh Zarbakhsh +3 more | Scientia Horticulturae

Prolonged light exposure time enhances the photosynthetic investment in osmotrophic Ochromonas

2025-06-24

Xiaoqing Xu , Xiaoyu Cheng , Zhihao Shao +2 more | Applied and Environmental Microbiology

The photoperiod, as a critical external environmental signal, triggers a cascade of signaling responses in organisms that significantly affect photosynthetic efficiency and photomorphogenesis in autotrophs, while also influencing behavioral patterns … The photoperiod, as a critical external environmental signal, triggers a cascade of signaling responses in organisms that significantly affect photosynthetic efficiency and photomorphogenesis in autotrophs, while also influencing behavioral patterns and activity rhythms of heterotrophs. Despite its importance, the mechanisms by which mixotrophs respond to photoperiod changes remain largely unexplored. It is crucial for understanding metabolic plasticity how mixotrophs respond to light availability and make optimal decisions during diurnal transitions by regulating their autotrophic and osmotrophic pathways. Therefore, this study focused on Ochromonas gloeopara, a eukaryotic protist capable of both photoautotrophic and osmotrophic growth, aiming to explore the metabolic strategies of mixotrophs in response to changes in photoperiod. The results showed the following. (i) Under autotrophic conditions, the optimal photoperiod for photosynthetic efficiency in Ochromonas was approximately 12 h of light exposure, while prolonged light exposure beyond this duration reduced photosynthetic investment and efficiency, accompanied by an increase in heat dissipation to prevent photodamage. (ii) Under osmotrophic conditions, O. gloeopara adapted to prolonged light exposure by reducing. The reliance on external organic carbon sources and enhancing photosynthetic capacity, thereby shifting towards a more autotrophic metabolic mode. This study systematically elucidates the nutritional strategies of mixotrophic O. gloeopara in response to photoperiod changes at the levels of population dynamics, photosynthetic physiology, and carbon acquisition pathways, deepening our understanding of the response to photoperiodic changes in mixotrophs. These findings provide important theoretical insights for understanding the functional roles of mixotrophs in ecosystems and for accurately predicting changes in global carbon cycles. Mixotrophs possess flexible metabolism modes and multiple ecological roles, making them sensitive to environmental changes. Due to their widespread distribution and unique nutritional strategy, they serve as key functional groups in marine and freshwater ecosystems, with significant roles in global biogeochemical cycles. Photoperiod, a critical environmental cue, regulates circadian rhythms and may influence the metabolic strategies of mixotrophs. Therefore, this study focused on how the mixotrophic microorganisms Ochromonas gloeopara adjusted autotrophic and osmotrophic pathways in response to photoperiodic changes. These findings highlight the metabolic flexibility of mixotrophic organisms in response to photoperiodic changes, providing new insight on how mixotrophs regulate the flow of materials and reshape the food web structures. This research offers valuable and innovative perspectives for understanding the functional roles of mixotrophic microorganisms in ecosystems, with important implications for improving the accuracy of global carbon cycle predictions.

Harnessing beneficial microbes to boost sprout and microgreen production: current knowledge and future perspectives

2025-06-24

Qian Zhou , Yue Zhou , Lanxiang Wang +4 more | Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

The consumption of sprouts and microgreens has garnered significant attentions due to their health benefits and delightful flavors. Various strategies have been proposed to boost their production, with recent studies … The consumption of sprouts and microgreens has garnered significant attentions due to their health benefits and delightful flavors. Various strategies have been proposed to boost their production, with recent studies exemplified the advantages of microbial elicitation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the application of beneficial microbes and their metabolites in enhancing the sprouts and microgreens production. These microbes are mainly plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and endophytes, dominated by the genera from Bacillus, Exiguobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter. They can increase the yield and nutritional qualities of sprouts and microgreens, and defense against plant pathogens. Their beneficial effects are attributed to activated plant immune system via phytohormones and reactive oxygen species, enhanced soil nutrient availability via nitrogen fixation and solubilization of insoluble minerals, and production of plant growth stimulants (e.g. polysaccharides and peptides). However, research gaps need to be addressed in the future, including the dynamic shifts of microbial communities and the edible safety of applied microbes throughout cultivation and storage, as well as their potentials in defending against foodborne pathogens.

Remote sensing of endogenous pigmentation by inducible synthetic circuits in grasses

2025-06-23

Dong‐Yeon Lee , Lucia Acosta‐Gamboa , Luke Saleh +7 more | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Plant synthetic biology holds great promise for engineering plants to meet future demands. Genetic circuits are being designed, built, and tested in plants to demonstrate proof of concept. However, developing … Plant synthetic biology holds great promise for engineering plants to meet future demands. Genetic circuits are being designed, built, and tested in plants to demonstrate proof of concept. However, developing these components in monocots, which the world relies on for grain, lags behind dicot models, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, we show the successful adaptation of a ligand-inducible sensor to activate an endogenous anthocyanin pathway in the C4 monocot model Setaria viridis. We identify two transcription factors sufficient to induce endogenous anthocyanin production in S. viridis protoplasts and whole plants in a constitutive or ligand-inducible manner. We also test multiple ligands to overcome physical barriers to ligand uptake, identifying triamcinolone acetonide (TA) as a highly potent inducer of this system. Using hyperspectral imaging and a discriminative target characterization method in a near-remote configuration, we can non-destructively detect anthocyanin production in leaves in response to ligands. This work demonstrates the use of inducible expression systems in monocots to manipulate endogenous pathways, stimulating plants to overproduce secondary metabolites with value to human health. Applying inducible pigmentation coupled with sensitive detection algorithms could enable crop plants to report on the status of field contamination or detect undesirable chemicals impacting agriculture, ushering in an era of agriculture-based sensor systems.

Emerging from the soil: a new beginning

2025-06-22

Xing‐Xing Fan , Dongqing Xu | New Phytologist

Pr and Pfr structures of plant phytochrome A

2025-06-21

S. Nagano , David von Stetten , Kaoling Guan +7 more | Nature Communications

Abstract Phytochromes are biliprotein photoreceptors widespread amongst microorganisms and ubiquitous in plants where they control developmental processes as diverse as germination, stem elongation and floral induction through the photoconversion of … Abstract Phytochromes are biliprotein photoreceptors widespread amongst microorganisms and ubiquitous in plants where they control developmental processes as diverse as germination, stem elongation and floral induction through the photoconversion of inactive Pr to the Pfr signalling state. Here we report crystal structures of the chromophore-binding module of soybean phytochrome A, including ~2.2 Å XFEL structures of Pr and Pfr at ambient temperature and high resolution cryogenic structures of Pr. In the Pfr structure, the chromophore is exposed to the medium, the D-ring remaining α-facial following the likely clockwise photoflip. The chromophore shifts within its pocket, while its propionate side chains, their partners as well as three neighbouring tyrosines shift radically. Helices near the chromophore show substantial shifts that might represent components of the light signal. These changes reflect those in bacteriophytochromes despite their quite different signalling mechanisms, implying that fundamental aspects of phytochrome photoactivation have been repurposed for photoregulation in the eukaryotic plant.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Impact of S-Methyl Thioacetate on Tomato Seedling Growth

2025-06-21

Donghui Zheng , Fangfang Ren , Runsheng Yin +5 more | Journal of Plant Growth Regulation

Disruption of ABI4 Enhances Anthocyanin Accumulation in Arabidopsis Seedlings Through HY5-Mediated Light Signaling

2025-06-20

Mingyang Zeng , Yan Wu , Shengzhang Lin +4 more | Plants

The AP2/ERF transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) plays diverse roles in plant development and responses to abiotic stress. However, its potential involvement in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis is not … The AP2/ERF transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) plays diverse roles in plant development and responses to abiotic stress. However, its potential involvement in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis is not fully understood. In this study, three different loss-of-function abi4 alleles (abi4-1, abi4-2, and abi4-101) were employed to investigate the role of ABI4 in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis seedlings. These abi4 mutants exhibited significantly increased anthocyanin accumulation, which was associated with elevated expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. HY5 (LONG HYPOCOTYL 5), a central component of photomorphogenesis, acts as a key light-regulated molecular switch. Further analysis revealed that ABI4 requires HY5 to function as a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Additionally, loss of ABI4 resulted in heightened light sensitivity, leading to increased light-induced chlorophyll accumulation and chloroplast development, along with upregulation of photosynthesis-related genes. Interestingly, the light-hypersensitive phenotype of abi4 mutants was partially rescued by the loss of HY5 function. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that ABI4 negatively regulates anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis seedlings through a HY5-dependent light signaling pathway.

Impact of Tipping Paper Permeability on Cooling Agent Delivery Efficiency Using a Cell Membrane Simulation

2025-06-20

Heping Pan , Xiao Chu , Xing Chen +6 more | Journal of Engineering Research and Reports

Tipping paper permeability plays a critical role in influencing the delivery and perception of cooling agents in cigarette smoke, which in turn affects product design and sensory quality. In this … Tipping paper permeability plays a critical role in influencing the delivery and perception of cooling agents in cigarette smoke, which in turn affects product design and sensory quality. In this study, a CHO-TRPM8 cell system expressing the TRPM8 receptor was employed in combination with FLIPR (Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader) technology to monitor real-time intracellular calcium ion concentration changes. This approach enabled accurate determination of the relative cooling intensity values in tobacco filler and mainstream smoke under different levels of tipping paper permeability, and the calculation of the cooling transfer efficiency based on variations in cooling intensity. The results demonstrated that tipping paper permeability significantly affected the cooling transfer efficiency of mainstream cigarette smoke. The transfer rates and cooling transfer efficiencies of six commonly used cooling agents decreased by 41-53% and 37-51%, approximately, as the tipping paper permeability increased from 0 CU to 500 CU, closely mirroring their migration patterns. This trend was observed across compounds including L-menthol, WS-23, menthone, WS-3, WS-5, and menthyl acetate. Sensory evaluation revealed that increasing permeability improved certain attributes, such as smoothness, irritation, and aroma quality, while negatively impacting others, such as smoke density, salivation, and aroma intensity. Ratings for off-notes, aftertaste, and dryness showed a non-linear trend, initially increasing and then decreasing. These findings provide a scientific basis for informed decision-making in cigarette product development and quality control.

Breeding indoor watercress for enhanced crop biofortification: harnessing natural variation of wild germplasm

2025-06-20

Yufei Qian , Ella Katz , Daniel J. Kliebenstein +1 more | Frontiers in Plant Science

We quantified the natural genetic variation of a diverse collection of wild watercress germplasm, consisting of 32 accessions collected from 16 locations in nine countries worldwide and grown in a … We quantified the natural genetic variation of a diverse collection of wild watercress germplasm, consisting of 32 accessions collected from 16 locations in nine countries worldwide and grown in a controlled indoor environment with contrasting blue light regimes. Significant phenotypic diversity was identified for all three categories of traits: morphology and yield varied by 68% across the population (leaf size, biomass production, and stem length), with sensory (sugar content and brix), and nutritional quality (glucosinolates, vitamin C, carotenoids) varying by 45% and 43% respectively. Using two LED light regimes, control and additional blue light exposure, revealed that the watercress nutritional profile is plastic, and that the magnitude and direction of plastic responses vary depending on genotype and trait. Two glucosinolate compounds responded differently to blue light, as indolyl-3-methyl-glucosinolate increased while 4-phenylbutyl-glucosinolate decreased, but the other glucosinolate compounds tested, namely, 6-methyl-sulfinyloctyl-glucosinolate, 7-methyl-sulfinyloctyl-glucosinolate, 8-methyl-sulfinyloctyl-glucosinolate, and 2-phenylethyl-glucosinolate, showed varying responses to blue light depending on genotype. Carotenoids, especially lutein, increased consistently across the population under the additional blue light treatment, while vitamin C, glucose, and antioxidant capacity (Ferric reducing antioxidant power of plasma) all decreased after the blue light treatment. Plants were smaller and had lower biomass, but developed more leaves and branches under additional blue light. Using this phenotypic information, we identified donor germplasm lines and proposed a breeding scheme for improved nutrition and flavor alongside enhanced yield in indoor, controlled environments where there is a paucity of data. Six elite genotypes were selected that will produce a new progeny population of favorable characteristics in this powerhouse leafy-green crop.

Alternative Photoreduction Pathway Involving Electron Tunneling and Proton Transfer in a Bifunctional Cryptochrome

2025-06-20

Shuhua Zou , Xiu‐Wen Kang , Yao Lu +5 more | The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

The significance of the photoreduction channel via the tryptophan triad in the cryptochrome (CRY) has been generally recognized. However, there is literature reporting the retention of biological function in the … The significance of the photoreduction channel via the tryptophan triad in the cryptochrome (CRY) has been generally recognized. However, there is literature reporting the retention of biological function in the primary electron transfer (ET) pathway-impaired mutants in some CRY species. In this work, a secondary ET pathway is identified in the animal-like Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cryptochrome (CraCRY) in the opposite direction of the primary ET pathway, involving ultrafast electron tunneling and proton transfer. Through sequence alignment, it is found that the proximal Trp (W1') from the secondary ET pathway is conserved across all CRY species, which could be absent in the ancestral protein photolyases. This alternative ET pathway presumably triggers photoinduced conformational changes when the primary pathway is shut down upon random missense mutation, contributing to functional robustness.

Growth Responses of Mentha spp. to Varying LED Light Intensities in Indoor Greening Applications

2025-06-20

Ayako Nagase | HortScience

Indoor greening using edible aromatic herbs such as mint provides aesthetic, therapeutic, and environmental benefits; however, knowledge about appropriate lighting conditions remains limited. This study evaluated the growth responses of … Indoor greening using edible aromatic herbs such as mint provides aesthetic, therapeutic, and environmental benefits; however, knowledge about appropriate lighting conditions remains limited. This study evaluated the growth responses of three mint species ( Mentha canadensis var. piperascens , M. × piperita , and M. spicata ) under varying photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD: 20, 100, 150, 200, and 250 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 ) provided by LED lights. On the basis of trends in dry shoot weight and soil plant analysis development values, PPFD levels around 150 to 200 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 appeared suitable for cultivating Mentha spp., although no statistically significant differences occurred among some PPFD levels within species. Photoinhibition at 250 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 resulted in decreased photosynthetic efficiency and chlorosis, and stem elongation occurred at 20 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 due to light deficiency. These findings contribute to understanding species-specific responses of mint to indoor LED lighting, to inform suitable light level choices for indoor greening.

Multi-omic analysis provides new insights into the regulatory mechanism of the LED-induced delay of postharvest senescence and yellowing in broccoli

2025-06-20

Zhiqiang Wang , Jieyu Lv , Yuqi Bin +7 more | Postharvest Biology and Technology

LED farming – An innovative technique of productive and effective crop cultivation

2025-06-19

P Pavithran , Marimuthu Subramanian | Plant Science Today

The United Nations conference on Trade and Development has projected that by 2050, two-thirds of the global population will reside in urban areas. In response to the growing demand for … The United Nations conference on Trade and Development has projected that by 2050, two-thirds of the global population will reside in urban areas. In response to the growing demand for food in urban settings, indoor farming-particularly through Controlled Plant Production Systems-offers a viable solution. Among the critical factors influencing indoor cultivation, light availability and quality are especially limiting. The intensity and spectral composition of light are essential for maximizing crop productivity per unit area. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have emerged as a transformative tool in indoor cultivation, serving as an efficient and highly effective light source. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) used LED lights to grow plants in space during the 1960s. Later, in the 1980s, Japan began utilizing LEDs for high quality vegetable and fruit production. In addition, LED lights in horticultural crops have been applied intensively, providing specific wavelengths of light to meet the crop demand. LED technology offers numerous advantages including, lower heat generation, higher energy efficiency and reduced power consumption, making it a sustainable choice for indoor farming. Red and blue LED lights, in particular, are more efficient and promote higher photosynthetic rate, flowering , bioactive compound production and overall crop yield. LED light consumes only 25 % of the energy used in conventional lighting systems, which significantly reduces operational costs. The paper reviews the significance of LED farming and its effects on crop growth, crop quality and yield. It also explores the application of LEDs in speedy breeding and algal photobioreactors. Further, it underscore LEDs potential to revolutionize urban agriculture and highlights the need for future research focused on optimizing spectral combinations and improving cost-efficiency.

Determining optimal cultivation parameters for a portable hydroponic system using the nutrient film technique

2025-06-19

Kateryna Vasylkovska , М.М. Kovalov , Oleksii Vasylkovskyi +1 more | Asian Journal of Water Environment and Pollution

Changes in climatic conditions in Ukraine and around the world pose a certain threat to food security and force us to seek new technological opportunities for growing agricultural products. This … Changes in climatic conditions in Ukraine and around the world pose a certain threat to food security and force us to seek new technological opportunities for growing agricultural products. This study aims to identify the optimal cultivation parameters for growing vegetable and berry plants in a portable, compact, and easy-to-maintain hydroponic nutrient film technique (NFT) system. The goal is to achieve high product quality and maximize plant yields by utilizing phytomatrix equipped with red and blue light-emitting diode (LED) elements in a 4:1 ratio, combined with a nutrient solution based on biological products. An experimental portable hydroponic NFT system was developed, incorporating these phytomatrices for additional lighting. This specific red-to-blue light ratio enhances photosynthesis efficiency, promotes yield increases, and ensures the quality development of plant structural parts. In addition, the use of a roller system allows for easy movement of the plants as needed. The study examined the effects of several factors on the growth performance of basil plants (Rutan variety), including seed treatment with the effective microorganisms (EM)-5 concentrate, air and nutrient solution temperature, and nutrient solution concentration. It was determined that the optimal conditions for basil growth include an air and nutrient solution temperature range of 24 &ndash; 26&deg;C. Furthermore, increasing the nutrient solution concentration to an optimum level of 2.4 &ndash; 2.5 mS/cm resulted in significant improvements across all measured growth parameters of Rutan basil plants. Therefore, growing vegetable crops in a hydroponic installation with phytomatrices with red and blue LED emitting elements in a ratio of 4:1 and using a nutrient solution based on EM preparations will make it possible to increase their productivity.

The PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3, a <scp>bHLH</scp> transcription factor, promotes thermosensory growth by directly activating PIF4 transcription and its protein accumulation in Arabidopsis

2025-06-19

Sreya Das , Annayasa Modak , Mohan Singh Rajkumar +4 more | New Phytologist

The role of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3) in thermomorphogenesis, despite being a crucial regulator of photosensory hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis, remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate PIF3 as a key … The role of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3) in thermomorphogenesis, despite being a crucial regulator of photosensory hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis, remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate PIF3 as a key and novel component of the thermosensory pathway. pif3 mutants show reduced sensitivity to warm temperature-induced hypocotyl elongation, which is more pronounced at higher light intensities. pif3 mutant exhibits moderate impairment in petiole elongation and flowering. By contrast, PIF3 overexpression lines show constitutive thermomorphogenic responses. Whole-genome transcriptome analysis revealed that genes induced by warm temperature are significantly downregulated in the pif3 mutant but are constitutively upregulated in the PIF3 overexpression line. Moreover, PIF3 directly activates PIF4 transcription by binding to the PIF-binding element (PBE-box) in a temperature-dependent manner. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and biochemical data indicate that PIF4 binding to its target genes requires PIF3. The physical interaction between PIF3 and PIF4 is likely required for the optimal expression of downstream genes involved in metabolism and growth. Epistatic and gene regulation analysis further revealed that PIF3 functions in PIF4-dependent and PIF4-independent pathways to regulate gene expression. This study unravels the novel role, and mechanism through which, PIF3 promotes thermomorphogenic growth in Arabidopsis.

Blue light inhibited postharvest softening of kiwifruit by modulating the reactive oxygen species scavenging system

2025-06-19

Caining Yang , Yupei Zhang , Congcong Yang +7 more | Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Optimizing Valerianella locusta L. Growth and Metabolism by Combining Red and Blue LED Light: Insights into Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Nutraceutical Value

2025-06-19

Sonia Monterisi , Carmen Rebollo Vicioso , Mónica Yorlady Alzate Zuluaga +7 more | Plants

Environmental and health concerns have increased the demand for ready-to-eat vegetables rich in bioactive compounds. This study explores the impact of red and blue (R:B) LED light on the metabolic … Environmental and health concerns have increased the demand for ready-to-eat vegetables rich in bioactive compounds. This study explores the impact of red and blue (R:B) LED light on the metabolic responses of lamb's lettuce (Valerianella locusta L.), focusing on sugars, organic acids, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, and enzyme inhibition. Post-harvest analyses were also conducted to assess shelf-life and microbiological characteristics of the product. The R:B LED treatment significantly enhanced plant growth, with a 133% and 68% increase in shoot fresh and dry weights, respectively, and a 21% increase in leaf area compared to controls (white LED light). Biochemical profiling revealed substantial increases in fructose (255%), sucrose (169%), citric acid (350%), and malic acid (868%) under R:B LED light. Additionally, phenolic content increased by 30%, alongside a notable modulation of 258 secondary metabolites, including flavonoid glycosides, alkaloids, and terpenoids. These biochemical changes contributed to a marked improvement in antioxidant capacity (12-45% across multiple assays) and a 300% increase in α-glucosidase inhibition, suggesting potential antidiabetic properties. Furthermore, post-harvest analysis revealed comparable shelf-life and microbiological safety between R:B and white LED-grown samples. The research highlights the potential of LED light to enhance plant biochemical responses and improve crop quality without affecting post-harvest quality, paving the way for sustainable agricultural innovations.

Effect of Far-Red Light and Nutrient Solution Formulas on Calendula Production in a Plant Factory

2025-06-18

Maitree Munyanont , Na Lü , Thanit Ruangsangaram +1 more | Biology

Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), an edible and medicinal flower, faces challenges in yield uniformity and quality stability under open-field cultivation. Plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) are highly controlled systems … Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), an edible and medicinal flower, faces challenges in yield uniformity and quality stability under open-field cultivation. Plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) are highly controlled systems that enable year-round production, efficient resource use, and consistent crop quality, making them promising for the cultivation for calendula. To optimize calendula cultivation in PFALs, this study investigates the effects of far-red (FR) light and nutrient solution modification on calendula growth, flowering, and nutrient use efficiency (NUE). The experiment was conducted using a dwarf calendula cultivar, 'Orange Gem'. After transplanting, seedlings were subjected to a 2 × 3 factorial design comprising white (W) and end-of-day far-red (EOD-FR) lighting, in combination with three ammonium (NH4+) levels (1/3×, 1×, and 3× of the Enshi formula). The EOD-FR lighting and the increase in the NH4+ level resulted in taller plants and earlier first flower appearance. The shoot fresh and dry weight, the number of flowers, and the flower yield also increased under the higher NH4+ concentration, regardless of the light treatment. The 3× NH4+ treatment tended to enhance the nutrient absorption, leading to the highest nutrient use efficiency (NUE) based on the flower yield. These findings suggest that the application of EOD-FR lighting and high NH4+ in nutrient solution can improve calendula productivity and resource-use efficiency in PFALs.

Far-red LED light treatment at harvest and during storage to control sprouting in ‘Asterix’ potatoes

2025-06-18

Vanessa Maria Dantas Pedrosa , Maiqui Izidoro , Maryelle Barros da Silva +5 more | Postharvest Biology and Technology

An Experimental Red Fluorescent Film Has Cultivar-specific Effects on Lettuce Yield and Morphology

2025-06-18

Eric J. Stallknecht , Erik S. Runkle | HortScience

Glazing and covering materials used in protected cultivation (PC) are primarily selected based on cost, longevity, heat retention, and light transmission. They can also be engineered to modify transmission of … Glazing and covering materials used in protected cultivation (PC) are primarily selected based on cost, longevity, heat retention, and light transmission. They can also be engineered to modify transmission of the solar spectrum by the incorporation of fluorescent pigments. Fluorescent pigments typically absorb blue (B; 400–499 nm) and/or green (G; 500–599 nm) photons and emit longer wavelength red (R; 600–699 nm) and, to a lesser extent, far-red (FR; 700–750 nm) photons. However, the incorporation of fluorescent pigments into plastics typically decreases its transmission of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400–700 nm). In small-scale studies, ‘Butter Crunch’ lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ) shoot fresh mass (SFM) increased by as much as 22% when grown under a red fluorescent (RF) film compared with that grown under an unpigmented film with approximately 25% greater transmission of PAR. The objective of this research was to quantify variation among five lettuce cultivars when grown under a similar experimental RF film in a small-scale and larger-scale greenhouse experiment. Lettuce was grown under an RF film or neutral-density shade that provided a 15% to 24% greater average daily light integral (DLI). The SFM of lettuce increased by up to 45% and yield (SFM per m 2 ) increased by up to 37% when grown under the RF film, but the magnitude of increase was cultivar-specific. The SFM increase was linearly correlated with the increase in single leaf area but not projected canopy area. This work demonstrates the potential of an RF film to increase the yield of some (but not all) lettuce cultivars compared with neutral-density shade materials. However, further research is necessary to explore potential benefits for other greenhouse crops and changes to crop morphology.

Influence of LED light on seed germination, growth, and health-promoting compounds in red and green lettuce cultivars

2025-06-18

Saeed Omrani , Mahvash Afshari , Sanghyeob Lee | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> This study investigated the influence of specific light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on lettuce seed germination, growth, and the accumulation of health-promoting compounds. The results revealed that LED lights significantly impacted … <title>Abstract</title> This study investigated the influence of specific light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on lettuce seed germination, growth, and the accumulation of health-promoting compounds. The results revealed that LED lights significantly impacted both red (Jeok Chi Ma) and green (Cheong Chi Ma) lettuce cultivars and compared to natural light. Red-blue light combinations accelerated germination in the red cultivar, while red light alone had the opposite effect in the green cultivar. Red light enhanced shoot fresh weight (SFW) for both cultivars, with the combination of red-blue light showing promising results as well. Blue light promoted root growth in both cultivars, followed by white light. Red light maximized root length (RL), while blue and white light were most effective for root volume (RV). Blue light significantly increased the levels of health-promoting compounds like phenolic compounds (PCs), anthocyanins (ANTs), and chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) in both cultivars. Red light, on the other hand, maximized carotenoids (CARs) content. Natural light resulted in the lowest levels of these compounds. Blue and red light respectively stimulated the expression of key genes in the ANTs and CARs biosynthetic pathways, with varying responses observed between the red and green cultivars. Overall, this study highlights the potential of utilizing specific LED light wavelengths to optimize lettuce growth and enhance the accumulation of health-promoting compounds. The findings suggest that tailoring light spectrums based on cultivar type can be a valuable strategy for controlled environment agriculture.

Эффективность укрытий с применением светотрансформирующего органического фотолюминофора при клонировании черенков древесных видов

2025-06-18

Н. В. Мартынова | Известия СПбЛТА

Изучали эффективность применения светотрансформирующего укрытия вегетационных сооружений, состоящего из спанбонда с интегрированным в его структуру органическим фотолюминофором, при укоренении черенков древесных видов. Объектом исследования явились стеблевые черенки типичных форм бирючины … Изучали эффективность применения светотрансформирующего укрытия вегетационных сооружений, состоящего из спанбонда с интегрированным в его структуру органическим фотолюминофором, при укоренении черенков древесных видов. Объектом исследования явились стеблевые черенки типичных форм бирючины обыкновенной (Ligustrum vulgare L.), сирени венгерской (Syringa josikaea J. Jacq. ex Rchb.), форзиции промежуточной (Forsythia × intermedia Zabel), пузыреплодника калинолистного (Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.) и его сортов «Лютеус», «Диаболо» и «Саммер Вайн», находящиеся в активном физиологическом состоянии, соответствующем фазе завершения линейного роста побегов. Маточные растения были размещены в дендрарии Нижегородского ГАТУ. Побеги одновременно заготавливали из периферийной зоны среднего яруса хорошо освещенного участка кроны растений, дислоцированных в границах единого опытного участка с географическими координатами 56°14'32.7"N 43°57'20.7"E и высотой над уровнем моря 178 м. Организационно-методическая схема проведения работ базировалась на принципах единственного логического различия, типичности, целесообразности и надежности опыта. Исследования проведены полевым стационарным и лабораторными методами. Испытаны синтетические укрывные материалы с включением в их состав фотолюминофоров. Летние вегетационные сооружения были оснащены туманообразующей установкой с автоматом подачи воды и контролем за параметрами среды. В качестве субстрата в них использован крупнозернистый речной песок. Выявили специфическую реакцию черенков на изменение концентрации фотолюминофора в структуре спанбонда. Наиболее высокие темпы образования каллуса отмечены в вариантах укрытия с наибольшей концентрацией люминофора и обнаружены у форзиции промежуточной – 77,00±4,64% и сирени венгерской — 73,16±5,94%. Зафиксировали, что данные древесные виды в условиях интродукции различным образом проявили свою регенерационную способность при их размножении черенками в летних вегетационных сооружениях с применением светотрансформирующих укрытий. The effectiveness of the use of a light-transforming shelter for vegetation structures, consisting of a spunbond with an organic photoluminophore integrated into its structure, was studied when rooting cuttings of woody species. The object of the study were stem cuttings of typical forms of common privet (Ligustrum vulgare L.), Hungarian lilac (Syringa josikaea J. Jacq. ex Rchb.), Forsythia × intermedia Zabel, Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. and its varieties “Luteus”, “Diabolo” and “Summer Vine”, which are in an active physiological state corresponding to the phase of completion of linear growth of shoots. The mother plants were placed in the arboretum of the Nizhny Novgorod GATU. Shoots were simultaneously harvested from the peripheral zone of the middle tier of a well-lit section of the crown of plants located within the boundaries of a single experimental site with geographical coordinates 56°14'32.7"N 43°57'20.7"E and a height above sea level of 178 m. The organizational and methodological scheme of the work was based on the principles of a single logical difference, typicality, expediency and reliability of experience. The research was carried out using field stationary and laboratory methods. Synthetic covering materials with the inclusion of photoluminophores in their composition have been tested. The summer vegetation facilities were equipped with a fog-forming installation with an automatic water supply and control of environmental parameters. Coarse-grained river sand is used as a substrate in them. A specific reaction of cuttings to changes in the concentration of photoluminophore in the spunbond structure was revealed. The highest rates of callus formation were noted in the shelter variants with the highest concentration of phosphor and were found in Forsythia × intermedia – 77.00±4.64% and Hungarian lilac – 73.16±5.94%. It was recorded that these tree species under the conditions of introduction showed their regenerative ability in various ways when they were propagated by cuttings in summer vegetation structures using light-transforming shelters.

Exogenous melatonin enhances growth and physiological activities in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) under drought stress

2025-06-17

Shotabdi Datta Srabon , Dwipok Deb Nath , Md. Mehedi Hasan +5 more | Discover Plants.

Intermittent Blue Light Supplementation Affected Carbohydrate Accumulation and Sugar Metabolism in Red-Light-Grown Tomato Seedlings

2025-06-17

Xiangyu Gao , Lingzhi Li , Wenzhong Guo +3 more | Horticulturae

According to previous studies, dynamic light regimes might enhance seedling development, survival rates, or economic efficiency in factory-based seedling production systems compared to continuous red and blue light irradiation. However, … According to previous studies, dynamic light regimes might enhance seedling development, survival rates, or economic efficiency in factory-based seedling production systems compared to continuous red and blue light irradiation. However, there have been few studies revealing the effects of discontinuous red and blue light on the carbohydrate accumulation and metabolism of tomato seedlings. Therefore, we planted tomato seedlings in an artificial light plant factory under a red background light with intermittent blue light intervention, namely R (as the control), R/RB32, R/RB40, R/RB64, and R/RB80 at an equal daily light integral. The growth, carbohydrate accumulation, and sugar metabolism were analyzed to investigate the effects of dynamic lighting modes on tomato seedlings. The results demonstrated the following: (1) Pure red light induced spindling of tomato seedlings, while intermittent blue light treatments enhanced stem thickness, leaf number, and leaf area, resulting in greater biomass accumulation. Among these treatments, the highest antioxidant enzyme activity and the lowest reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, accompanied by the highest biomass, were all observed in tomato seedlings subjected to R/RB80 (intermittent supplementation of 80 μmol·m−2·s−1 blue light under red light background). (2) The carbohydrate accumulation in tomato seedlings was increased under all treatments relative to the control. The sucrose content, enzyme activity, and gene expression level of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) were all up-regulated in tomato leaves treated with blue light irradiation compared with pure R. In addition, the highest soluble sugar content, along with the peak SPS activity and gene expression, was observed under the R/RB80 treatment. Meanwhile, the lowest fructose content accompanied by the lowest activity and gene expression of sucrose synthase (SS) were observed in tomato leaves treated with R/RB32. This implies that blue light supplementation may regulate sugar accumulation by modulating the activity or expression of enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism. (3) Moreover, shoot biomass, enzyme activity, and expression level of SPS were all found to increase with the increase in supplementary blue light intensity, indicating that short-duration high-intensity blue light was more effective in promoting carbohydrate accumulation in tomato seedlings than long-term low-intensity blue light based on the equal DLI.

Heat Before Flowering Reduces Fruit Size in Dayneutral Strawberries

2025-06-17

Dianlong Chen , Adam Dale | Canadian Journal of Plant Science

The optimum temperature on for fruit and achenes of day-neutral strawberries to develop was characterized in two field trials in Florida and Ontario and in controlled environments. In the field, … The optimum temperature on for fruit and achenes of day-neutral strawberries to develop was characterized in two field trials in Florida and Ontario and in controlled environments. In the field, fruit became smaller mainly because weather before flowering became hotter. Ovule number was influenced by the mean temperature during the week before and the week after the point corresponding to 462 degree-days before flowering. Also, 12°C appeared to be the optimum temperature for ovule initiation. Fruit volume per ovule, cell number, and cell size were determined by the mean temperature 176 degree-days before flowering, and was greater below 15°C. Since, cell divisions did not vary after flowering, cell volume played a relatively minor role on fruit volume. When there was a smaller proportion of developed achenes, the achenes were larger and had a similar contribution to fruit development as when there was a larger proportion of them. Also, they were larger and had a higher germination rate when temperatures were higher. The results indicate that with 12ºC as the optimum temperature for fruit development a daily range of 6ºC to 18ºC would give consistently large fruit.

Comparative role of oxidative balance, alkaloid production, and metabolites in exposure to red-to-blue light in Catharanthus roseus

2025-06-17

Xingfan Li , Huimei Yu , Yang Guo +3 more | Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

mRNA‐lncRNA‐miRNA Co‐Regulates the Accumulation of Flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba in Response to UV‐B Stress

2025-06-15

Chen‐Liang Zhao , Min-Yuan Wang , Yongxiang Liu +6 more | Plant Cell & Environment

ABSTRACT Flavonoids are key secondary metabolites involved in plant stress responses. As ultraviolet (UV) radiation intensity increases, plants experience heightened UV stress. To elucidate Ginkgo biloba 's molecular adaptation to … ABSTRACT Flavonoids are key secondary metabolites involved in plant stress responses. As ultraviolet (UV) radiation intensity increases, plants experience heightened UV stress. To elucidate Ginkgo biloba 's molecular adaptation to ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) stress, we subjected G. biloba seedlings to daily UV‐B irradiation at 10 kJ/m². The total flavonoid glycoside content in leaves increased significantly by Day 13 (2.64‐fold compared to the CK), with quercetin accounting for over 90% of the accumulated flavonoids. Transcriptome analysis identified 3652 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 209 lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), and 52 miRNAs (DEmiRNAs). Notably, UV‐B radiation upregulated key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, including the F3'H family gene evm.model.chr2.812 and the MYB transcription factor (TF) evm.model.chr11.568 . Trans‐regulation analysis suggested lncRNAs modulate target genes: MSTRG.5750.1 and MSTRG.13336.1 potentially enhance evm.model.chr2.812 and evm.model.chr11.568 expression, while UV‐B‐repressed MSTRG.845.1 and MSTRG.3390.1 indirectly upregulated them. A ceRNA network revealed nine regulatory pairs, though associated miRNAs ( gbi‐miR‐nov634‐3 , gbi‐miR‐nov789‐3p ) exhibited low abundance, indicating minor roles in UV‐B response. These findings provide insights into the transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in G. biloba under UV‐B stress, advancing understanding of plant secondary metabolic adaptation.

Programmable Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Lighting Enhances Growth and Nutrients of Red Cabbage Microgreens in Controlled Environments

2025-06-14

Bin Zhou , Yaguang Luo , Zhihao Liu +2 more | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Harnessing Light Wavelengths to Enrich Health-Promoting Molecules in Tomato Fruits

2025-06-14

Bruno Hay Mele , Ermenegilda Vitale , Violeta Velikova +5 more | International Journal of Molecular Sciences

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most consumed crops worldwide and a source of antioxidants. Given the role the latter play against oxidative stress and free radical-related … The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most consumed crops worldwide and a source of antioxidants. Given the role the latter play against oxidative stress and free radical-related diseases, enhancing tomato bioactive compound production would be appealing for a wide range of applications in the fields of nutrition, pharmacy, and biotechnology. This study explores a sustainable and innovative approach: the modulation of specific light spectra to boost the production of bioactive compounds in tomatoes (cultivar 'Microtom'). We investigated how three light regimes-white fluorescent (FL), full-spectrum (FS), and red-blue (RB)-influence the accumulation of polyphenols and other key nutraceuticals during plant growth. Our findings reveal that full-spectrum (FS) light significantly enhances the levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, ascorbic acid, and lycopene in tomato fruits, compared to those grown under RB or FL light. Interestingly, fruits from RB light-grown plants showed the highest carotenoid concentrations and antioxidant capacity. These results suggest that light quality actively modulates the expression of key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways, shaping each fruit's unique metabolic fingerprint. Cluster analysis confirmed that RB, FL, and FS conditions lead to distinct polyphenolic profiles, each with notable health-promoting potential. Our results highlight a promising avenue: tailoring light environments to enhance the functional value of crops, bridging agriculture, nutrition, and biomedicine in a sustainable way.

Light intensity and Zinc biofortification differentially impact the metabolomic profile of pea microgreens

2025-06-14

Pradip Poudel , Kristen Jeffries , Jinhe Bai +3 more | Food Chemistry

<scp>UV</scp><scp>RESISTANCE LOCUS</scp> 8 signalling enhances photosynthetic resilience to herbicide‐induced damage in Arabidopsis thaliana

2025-06-14

Carlotta E. Groves , Keara A. Franklin | New Phytologist

Summary Perception of low irradiance ultraviolet B (UV‐B) light (280–315 nm) by the UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) photoreceptor initiates signalling pathways that enhance plant defences to UV‐B damage, mitigating … Summary Perception of low irradiance ultraviolet B (UV‐B) light (280–315 nm) by the UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) photoreceptor initiates signalling pathways that enhance plant defences to UV‐B damage, mitigating the effects of higher photon irradiances. We therefore questioned whether UVR8 signalling could also prime plants against herbicide‐induced damage, promoting postspray survival. We assessed the effects of a 2 d, low irradiance UV‐B pretreatment on the photosynthetic resilience and survival of Arabidopsis thaliana plants treated with herbicides promoting photosynthetic disruption and oxidative stress. UV‐B acclimation increased leaf carotenoid production, antioxidant activity and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and delayed herbicide‐induced reductions in electron transport rate (ETR), facilitating postspray regrowth and enhancing plant survival. In the absence of UV‐B, this protection declined within 4 d, suggesting that it is unlikely to result from structural modifications. UV‐B‐mediated enhancement of photosynthetic resilience was abolished in the uvr8‐6 mutant and increased in the UV‐B hyper‐responsive repressor of UV‐B photomorphogenesis1/2 ( rup1rup2 ) mutant, highlighting the involvement of UVR8 signalling. UV‐B filtering during daylight acclimation also increased herbicide efficacy in Chenopodium , suggesting similar responses in agricultural weeds. UV‐B‐induced photoprotection enhances the resilience of plant photosystems to herbicide damage, providing a key target for increasing product efficacy and reducing usage.

A Mini-Review of Photoconversion Covers for Greenhouses: Assessment Parameters and Plant Experiment Results

2025-06-13

Anastasiia V. Shabalina , В. А. Козлов , Mark O. Paskhin +2 more | Horticulturae

Photoconversion covers (PCCs) are specialized materials designed to modify light conditions in greenhouses, thereby enhancing plant growth and development. Recently, extensive research and development efforts have focused on improving and … Photoconversion covers (PCCs) are specialized materials designed to modify light conditions in greenhouses, thereby enhancing plant growth and development. Recently, extensive research and development efforts have focused on improving and characterizing both components of PCCs: the cover material and the photoconversion agent (phosphor(s)). Given that the true impact of PCCs on plant growth can only be assessed through greenhouse experiments, while surveying recent publications from 2020 to 2024, in this review, we specifically tried to focus on such experiments. A total of 58 studies on PCCs for greenhouse applications were analyzed. Of those, 26 studies introduced novel materials, including phosphors and PCCs, with the potential to enhance plant growth, although greenhouse experiments were not conducted to evaluate their performance. The remaining 32 studies provided experimental data on PCC efficiency in promoting plant growth through plant-based experiments. To summarize and compare the findings from these greenhouse experiments, in this work, we systematically classify plant growth parameters and examine their application across the surveyed studies.

Archaeal LOV domains from Lake Diamante: first functional characterization of a halo-adapted photoreceptor

2025-06-13

Lorena Valle , Yonathan J. Coronel , Guillermina E. Bravo +4 more | Frontiers in Microbiology

High-altitude Andean lakes (HAALs) represent polyextreme environments where diverse photoinduced processes have been documented. In this study, we investigated Light-Oxygen-Voltage (LOV) photoreceptors and identified 28 archaeal sequences from Lake Diamante, … High-altitude Andean lakes (HAALs) represent polyextreme environments where diverse photoinduced processes have been documented. In this study, we investigated Light-Oxygen-Voltage (LOV) photoreceptors and identified 28 archaeal sequences from Lake Diamante, which were classified into two major groups (A and B), with three outliers showing unique structural features. Analysis of these sequences and their 3D models revealed hallmark adaptations to halophilic environments, including an abundance of surface acidic residues, an increased prevalence of arginine over lysine, and a greater density of salt bridges. The heterologous expression of a representative LOV domain, ALovD-1, demonstrated conserved photophysics between its dark- and light-adapted states, which was consistent with the slow cycling type. Importantly, ALovD-1 exhibited remarkable halophilic characteristics, maintaining photocycling functionality at salt concentrations as high as 3 M monovalent salts. This ability can be attributed to discrete structural changes, allowing adjustments in flavin interactions within its cavity under varying ionic strengths. Mutational studies of key residues (Y30F and Y48F) highlighted their roles in modulating flavin photophysic and revealed a stabilizing function for Y48 at low salt concentrations. These findings mark the first functional characterization of a canonical archaeal LOV domain, expanding our understanding of light sensing and protein adaptation in extremophiles.

Comparative analysis of primary and secondary metabolites in wheat seedlings (<scp>Triticum aestivum</scp> L.) cultivated under varying photosynthetic photon flux densities and growth periods

2025-06-13

Ye Jin Kim , Yumi Shin , HanGyeol Lee +5 more | Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

Abstract BACKGROUND To elucidate the impact of environmental factors on the nutritional quality of metabolites in wheat seedlings, both primary and secondary metabolites must be comprehensively examined. We thus conducted … Abstract BACKGROUND To elucidate the impact of environmental factors on the nutritional quality of metabolites in wheat seedlings, both primary and secondary metabolites must be comprehensively examined. We thus conducted a comparative analysis of these metabolites in wheat seedlings grown under various photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) (200, 400 and 800 μmol m −2 s −1 ) and growth periods (5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 days) to help optimize the nutritional quality of seedlings. RESULTS In total, 74 metabolites were characterized, including 51 primary metabolites and 23 secondary metabolites. Multivariate analyses confirmed changes in flavonoids, which are known antioxidants, under the various PPFD conditions. Wheat seedlings grown at a PPFD of 400 μmol m −2 s −1 for more than 9 days exhibited a higher flavonoid content than those grown under the other conditions. Furthermore, an increase in cysteine and methionine metabolism, sugar metabolism, and carotenoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was observed. CONCLUSION A PPFD of 400 μmol m −2 s −1 increases sugar metabolism in wheat seedlings by promoting anabolism through photosynthesis. Furthermore, the accumulation of sugars, the primary raw materials for secondary metabolites, affects flavonoid biosynthesis. These results suggest that wheat seedlings undergo metabolic reprogramming in response to light intensity, enabling adaptive responses. Our study thus confirmed the relationships between primary and secondary metabolites in wheat seedlings under various PPFD conditions. Furthermore, the insights gained enhance our understanding of the influence of light intensity and duration on metabolite accumulation, which is vital for optimizing agricultural practices. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Responses to Temperature Shocks in Zymoseptoria tritici Reveal Specific Transcriptional Reprogramming and Novel Candidate Genes for Thermal Adaptation

2025-06-13

Silvia Minana-Posada , Alice Feurtey , Julien Alassimone +2 more | Phytopathology

Pathogens’ responses to sudden temperature fluctuations, spanning various temporal scales, are critical determinants of their survival, growth, reproduction, and homeostasis. Here, we combined phenotyping, transcriptomics, and genome-wide association approaches to … Pathogens’ responses to sudden temperature fluctuations, spanning various temporal scales, are critical determinants of their survival, growth, reproduction, and homeostasis. Here, we combined phenotyping, transcriptomics, and genome-wide association approaches to investigate how the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici responds to and recovers from temperature shocks. Survival emerged as the most significantly affected trait immediately following temperature shocks across 122 geographically diverse strains. In contrast, post-recovery phenotypic traits, including growth rate and melanization, showed no significant deviations from control conditions. Transcriptomic analyses of a reference strain revealed temperature stress-specific gene expression patterns, with genes involved in protein folding, redox homeostasis, membrane stabilization, and cell-wall remodeling playing central roles in the response. A multi-reference k-mer genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified six loci significantly associated with cold shock responses. Among these, two loci emerged as strong candidates for near-freezing temperature adaptation, including a 60S ribosomal protein gene involved in protein synthesis and stress recovery, and an NADH oxidoreductase gene implicated in redox homeostasis and oxidative stress tolerance. These findings shed light on the distinct molecular strategies Z. tritici employs to adapt to temperature stress and provide novel insights into fungal resilience under dynamic environmental conditions.

Blue and red light significantly aid in the recovery of damaged cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 exposed to ultraviolet radiation

2025-06-13

Prashant R. Singh , Ashish P. Singh , Amit Gupta +2 more | Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences

Dispersed components drive temperature sensing and response in plants

2025-06-12

Avilash Yadav , Sridevi Sureshkumar , Alok Krishna Sinha +1 more | Science

Plants are highly sensitive to temperature, and climate change is predicted to have negative impacts on agricultural productivity. Warming temperatures, coupled with a growing population, present a substantial challenge for … Plants are highly sensitive to temperature, and climate change is predicted to have negative impacts on agricultural productivity. Warming temperatures, coupled with a growing population, present a substantial challenge for food security and motivate research to understand how plants sense and respond to changes in temperature. Here, we synthesize our current understanding of temperature sensing and response in plants. We outline how temperature cues are integrated into preexisting signaling cascades using inherently temperature-sensitive proteins or processes. This dispersed nature of thermo-sensitive proteins and processes makes distinct signaling cascades sensitive to temperature. This model integrates current knowledge and distinguishes thermosensing from other conventional sensing and signaling mechanisms in plants.

Sugar, we’re going down: PRC2-mediated epigenetic repression of sucrose metabolism promotes phototrophy during seedling establishment

2025-06-12

Rory Osborne | The Plant Cell

The CsphyB–CsPIF4–CsBRC1 module regulates ABA biosynthesis and axillary bud outgrowth in cucumber

2025-06-12

Ye Liu , Zin‐Huang Liu , Chuang Li +7 more | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology

ABSTRACT Shoot branching is an important crop agronomic trait that directly affects plant architecture and crop productivity. Although phytochrome B (phyB), BRANCHED1 ( BRC1 ), and abscisic acid (ABA) mediate … ABSTRACT Shoot branching is an important crop agronomic trait that directly affects plant architecture and crop productivity. Although phytochrome B (phyB), BRANCHED1 ( BRC1 ), and abscisic acid (ABA) mediate axillary bud outgrowth, it is unknown if there is any integrating factor among them in the Plantae. We report that mutation of CsphyB or inactivation of CsphyB by shade inhibits lateral bud outgrowth in cucumber. Cucumber PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (CsPIF4) interacts with CsphyB and directly binds to the promoter of CsBRC1 to activate CsBRC1 expression. CsBRC1 also directly promotes the expression of ABA biosynthesis gene 9 ‐ CIS ‐ EPOXICAROTENOID DIOXIGENASE 3 ( CsNCED3 ). Functional disruption of CsPIF4 decreased expression of CsBRC1 and CsNCED3 , reduced ABA accumulation, and increased bud outgrowth in cucumber. Csnced3 mutants had reduced ABA levels and increased lateral bud outgrowth. These results suggest that a regulatory network involving CsphyB‐CsPIF4‐ CsBRC1 exists that integrates light signaling and ABA biosynthesis to modulate bud outgrowth. This provides a strategy to manipulate branch numbers in crop breeding to realize ideal branching characteristics to maximize yield.

Ecophysiological and Biochemical Responses of Lessonia spicata to Solar Eclipse-Induced Light Deprivation

2025-06-12

Paula S. M. Celis‐Plá , Camilo Navarrete , Andrés Trabal +4 more | Plants

Light variability is a key environmental stressor influencing the physiology and productivity of marine macroalgae. This study examined the ecophysiological and biochemical responses of Lessonia spicata (Ochrophyta) during a natural … Light variability is a key environmental stressor influencing the physiology and productivity of marine macroalgae. This study examined the ecophysiological and biochemical responses of Lessonia spicata (Ochrophyta) during a natural light deprivation event caused by a solar eclipse. We measured the in vivo chlorophyll a (Chla) fluorescence, photoinhibition, and photosynthetic capacity, along with the pigment content, phenolic compound accumulation, and antioxidant capacity, to evaluate short-term photosynthetic adjustments. Dark-adapted conditions during the eclipse peak led to reduced photosynthetic and biochemical activity, while post-eclipse recovery involved the increased accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and photoprotective compounds. Carotenoids showed high antioxidant potential under eclipse exposure, contrasting with declines in chlorophyll content and productivity under pre-eclipse high irradiance. This study provides valuable insights into the rapid acclimation mechanisms of Lessonia spicata to transient light stress, highlighting its sensitivity and resilience to sudden shifts in solar irradiance. These findings contribute to the broader field of marine macroalgal photobiology and stress physiology, enhancing our understanding of how intertidal brown algae adapt to dynamic environmental conditions.

Signatures of intervalley interferences and valley asymmetries in high-order harmonic generation in pristine graphene

2025-06-12

NULL AUTHOR_ID | Physical review. A/Physical review, A

Foliar spraying of melatonin as a pretreatment enhances drought resistance in half-highbush blueberries: optimal concentrations for varied drought stress conditions

2025-06-12

Linyu Li , Wenwen Ma , Ying Wang +7 more | New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science