Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Bat Biology and Ecology Studies

Works Count: 50000

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This cluster of papers explores the ecology, behavior, physiology, and conservation of bats, with a focus on topics such as hibernation, echolocation, white-nose syndrome, metabolic rate, molecular phylogeny, and the impact of climate change. The papers also discuss the role of bats in ecosystems, their importance as bioindicators, and their potential as reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens.

Keywords

Bats; Hibernation; Echolocation; White-Nose Syndrome; Metabolic Rate; Molecular Phylogeny; Conservation; Foraging Behavior; Climate Change; Disease Ecology

Daily torpor and hibernation in birds and mammals

2014-08-15

Thomas Ruf , Fritz Geiser

ABSTRACT Many birds and mammals drastically reduce their energy expenditure during times of cold exposure, food shortage, or drought, by temporarily abandoning euthermia, i.e. the maintenance of high body temperatures. … ABSTRACT Many birds and mammals drastically reduce their energy expenditure during times of cold exposure, food shortage, or drought, by temporarily abandoning euthermia, i.e. the maintenance of high body temperatures. Traditionally, two different types of heterothermy, i.e. hypometabolic states associated with low body temperature (torpor), have been distinguished: daily torpor, which lasts less than 24 h and is accompanied by continued foraging, versus hibernation, with torpor bouts lasting consecutive days to several weeks in animals that usually do not forage but rely on energy stores, either food caches or body energy reserves. This classification of torpor types has been challenged, suggesting that these phenotypes may merely represent extremes in a continuum of traits. Here, we investigate whether variables of torpor in 214 species (43 birds and 171 mammals) form a continuum or a bimodal distribution. We use Gaussian‐mixture cluster analysis as well as phylogenetically informed regressions to quantitatively assess the distinction between hibernation and daily torpor and to evaluate the impact of body mass and geographical distribution of species on torpor traits. Cluster analysis clearly confirmed the classical distinction between daily torpor and hibernation. Overall, heterothermic endotherms tend to be small; hibernators are significantly heavier than daily heterotherms and also are distributed at higher average latitudes (∼35°) than daily heterotherms (∼25°). Variables of torpor for an average 30 g heterotherm differed significantly between daily heterotherms and hibernators. Average maximum torpor bout duration was >30‐fold longer, and mean torpor bout duration >25‐fold longer in hibernators. Mean minimum body temperature differed by ∼13°C, and the mean minimum torpor metabolic rate was ∼35% of the basal metabolic rate ( BMR ) in daily heterotherms but only 6% of BMR in hibernators. Consequently, our analysis strongly supports the view that hibernators and daily heterotherms are functionally distinct groups that probably have been subject to disruptive selection. Arguably, the primary physiological difference between daily torpor and hibernation, which leads to a variety of derived further distinct characteristics, is the temporal control of entry into and arousal from torpor, which is governed by the circadian clock in daily heterotherms, but apparently not in hibernators.

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Body size in mammalian paleobiology: estimation and biological implications

1991-09-01

John Damuth , Bruce J. MacFadden

1. Introduction J. Damuth and B. MacFadden Part I. The Biological Significance of Mammalian Body Size: 2. The physiological significance of body size B. K. McNab 3. The behavioral/ecological significance … 1. Introduction J. Damuth and B. MacFadden Part I. The Biological Significance of Mammalian Body Size: 2. The physiological significance of body size B. K. McNab 3. The behavioral/ecological significance of body size J. F. Eisenberg 4. The functional anatomy of body weight T. Grand 5. Evolutionary strategies and body size in a guild of mammals V. C. Maiorana 6. The cotton rat model R. A. Martin Part II. The Estimation of Mammalian Body Mass: 7. Methods and problems in estimating body size in fossil primates W. Jungers 8. Structural allometry of the lower limb bones in the Anthropoidea C. Ruff 9. Skeletal and dental predictors of body weight in carnivores B. Van Valkenburgh 10. Estimates of body size for insular dwarf mammoths V. L. Roth 11. Skeletal dimensions of ungulates as predictors of body weight K. M. Scott 12. Correlation of body weight in ungulates with cranio-dental variables C. Janis 13. Problems with using tooth size to estimate the body size of fossil mammals M. Fortelius 14. Problems in estimating body masses of archaic fossil ungulates using dental measurements J. Damuth 15. Body-size estimates and size distribution of ungulates (Mammalia) from the Late Miocene Love Bone Bed, Florida B. J. MacFadden and R. C. Hulbert 16. Summary: discussion and recommendations for body-mass estimation J. Damuth and B. J. MacFadden Appendices: data and equations for body-mass estimation.

Origin and Evolution of the Elephantidae

1973-01-01

Vincent J. Maglio

The mammals of the southern African subregion

2006-09-01

Reay H. N. Smithers

A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico

2000-08-01

Fiona A Reid

Introduction How to Find Mammals Studying Mammals The Need for Further Research ? Where to Find Mammals ?? Conservation of Mammals in Central America ?? American Opossums (Order Didelphimorphia, Family … Introduction How to Find Mammals Studying Mammals The Need for Further Research ? Where to Find Mammals ?? Conservation of Mammals in Central America ?? American Opossums (Order Didelphimorphia, Family Didelphidae)? ? Anteaters andSloths(Order Pilosa) ? Anteaters (Families Myrmecophagidae and Cyclopedidae)? ? Sloths (Families Megalonychidae and Bradypodidae)? Armadillos (Order Cingulata, Family Dasypodidae) ?? Shrews (Order Soricomorpha, Family Soricidae)? Bats (Order Chiroptera)? ? Sac-winged Bats (Family Emballonuridae)? Fishing or Bulldog Bats (Family Noctilionidae) ? Leaf-chinned Bats (Family Mormoopidae)? Leaf-nosed Bats (Family Phyllostomidae)? Funnel-eared Bats (Family Natalidae)? Thumbless Bats (Family Furipteridae)? Disk-winged Bats (Family Thyropteridae)? Plain-nosed Bats (Family Vespertilionidae)? Free-tailed Bats (Family Molossidae)? ? Monkeys (Order Primates)? ? Tamarins, Capuchins and Squirrel Monkeys (Family Cebidae) ? Night Monkeys (Family Aotidae) Spider and Howler Monkeys (Family Atelidae) ?? Rodents (Order Rodentia)? ? Squirrels (Family Sciuridae)? Pocket Gophers (Family Geomyidae)? ? Kangaroo Rats and Pocket Mice (Family Heteromyidae)? ? Rats and Mice (Family Cricetidae) ?? New World Porcupines (Family Erethizontidae)? Capybaras (Family Caviidae)? ? Agoutis and Acouchis (Family Dasyproctidae) ? Pacas (Family Cuniculidae)? ? Spiny Rats and Tree Rats (Family Echimyidae)? ? Rabbits and Hares (Order Lagomorpha, Family Leporidae)? ? Carnivores (Order Carnivora)? Dogs and Foxes (Family Canidae)? ? Raccoons and Allies (Family Procyonidae) Weasels and Allies (Family Mustelidae) ?? Skunks (Family Mephitidae) Cats (Family Felidae) Manatees and Dugongs (Order Sirenia, Family Trichechidae) ?? Odd-Toed Ungulates (Order Perissodactyla) ? Tapirs (Family Tapiridae)? ? Even-Toed Ungulates (Order Artiodactyla)? Peccaries (Family Tayassuidae)? Deer (Family Cervidae)? ? Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises (Order Cetacea)? Ocean Dolphins (Family Delphinidae)? ? Sperm Whale (Family Physeteridae)? Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whales (Family Kogiidae) Beaked Whales (Family Ziphiidae) Rorqual Whales (Family Balaenopteridae)?

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Neotropical rainforest mammals: a field guide

1991-01-01

Louise H. Emmons , François Feer

A field guide to the marvellously diverse creatures of the rainforest, this book includes information on 226 species. It identifies characteristics, similar species, vocalization, behaviour and natural history, geographic range, … A field guide to the marvellously diverse creatures of the rainforest, this book includes information on 226 species. It identifies characteristics, similar species, vocalization, behaviour and natural history, geographic range, conservation status, local names and literature references. All species accounts from the first edition have been updated to include the most recent research. All 195 maps showing the distribution and geographic range of each species have been revised to reflect current information. In addition, the colour plates illustrate more than 220 species (including significant colour variants between males and females or adults and young). The black and white plates contain more than 60 images of individual species, mainly bats.

Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution

2008-05-01

Wesley C. Warren , LaDeana W. Hillier , Jennifer A. Marshall Graves +7 more

We present a draft genome sequence of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. This monotreme exhibits a fascinating combination of reptilian and mammalian characters. For example, platypuses have a coat of fur … We present a draft genome sequence of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. This monotreme exhibits a fascinating combination of reptilian and mammalian characters. For example, platypuses have a coat of fur adapted to an aquatic lifestyle; platypus females lactate, yet lay eggs; and males are equipped with venom similar to that of reptiles. Analysis of the first monotreme genome aligned these features with genetic innovations. We find that reptile and platypus venom proteins have been co-opted independently from the same gene families; milk protein genes are conserved despite platypuses laying eggs; and immune gene family expansions are directly related to platypus biology. Expansions of protein, non-protein-coding RNA and microRNA families, as well as repeat elements, are identified. Sequencing of this genome now provides a valuable resource for deep mammalian comparative analyses, as well as for monotreme biology and conservation. The duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is a unique egg-laying mammal, with lactation, venom and a bill. It even has an electrosensory system for foraging underwater. Platypuses are monotremes descended from the most basal branch of the mammalian lineage and combine aspects of both reptilian and mammalian biology. Now an international consortium reports the sequence and analysis of the platypus genome. It is an amalgam of reptilian, mammalian and its own unique characteristics that provides clues to the function and evolution of all mammalian genomes. As well as helping uncover the origins of genomic imprinting, analyses show that platypus and reptile venom proteins have been co-opted independently from the same gene families; milk protein genes are conserved; and immune gene family expansions are directly related to platypus biology. The sequence provides an invaluable resource for comparative genomics, and it will be important for monotreme conservation. The cover image shows the bill with electrosensory pits, eye and ear opening behind the eye. Platypuses are monotremes and combine aspects of both reptilian and mammalian behaviour. An international consortium reports the genome sequence and analysis of Ornithorhynchus anatinus and as expected, parts of the genome look more like mammals, whereas other parts more like reptiles or even chickens.

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Hibernation and Torpor in Mammals and Birds

1983-10-01

Sherman W. Jack , Charles P. Lyman , John S. Willis +2 more

Seasonal changes of the adrenocortical response to stress in birds of the Sonoran desert

1992-12-15

John C. Wingfield , Carol M. Vleck , Michael C. Moore

Abstract Many avian species of the North American Sonoran desert, e.g., the black‐throated sparrow, Amphispiza bilineata , cactus wren, Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus , and curve‐billed thrasher, Toxostoma curvirostre , can potentially … Abstract Many avian species of the North American Sonoran desert, e.g., the black‐throated sparrow, Amphispiza bilineata , cactus wren, Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus , and curve‐billed thrasher, Toxostoma curvirostre , can potentially breed from March/April to August. It is possible that, at least in summer, intense heat and aridity may have inhibitory effects on breeding by precipitating a stress response. Stress typically results in a rise in secretion of adrenocorticosteroid hormones that then inhibit reproduction by suppressing release of gonadal hormones. However, we found that plasma levels of corticosterone were not higher during summer, compared with winter, even in 1989 when summer temperatures were higher than normal. In June 1990, temperatures were also above normal and soared to the highest level recorded in Arizona (50°C). Plasma levels of corticosterone during June were high in black‐throated sparrows, but less so in two other species (Abert's towhee, Pipilo aberti , and Inca dove, Scardafella inca ) found in more shady riparian and suburban habitat with constant access to water. The adrenocortical response to stress (as measured by the rate of corticosterone increase following capture) was reduced in the hottest summer months in black‐throated sparrows, cactus wrens, and curve‐billed thrashers, but less so in Abert's towhee an Inca dove. These data suggest that at least some birds breeding in the open desert with restricted access to water are able to suppress the classical adrenocortical response to stress. The response is then reactivated in winter after breeding has ceased. It is possible that this stress modulation may allow breeding to continue despite severe heat. Analysis of plasma from these species indicated that the apparent modulation of the adrenocortical response to stress was not an artifact of reduced affinity or capacity of corticosterone binding proteins. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Economic Importance of Bats in Agriculture

2011-03-31

Justin G. Boyles , Paul M. Cryan , Gary F. McCracken +1 more

Insectivorous bat populations, adversely impacted by white-nose syndrome and wind turbines, may be worth billions of dollars to North American agriculture. Insectivorous bat populations, adversely impacted by white-nose syndrome and wind turbines, may be worth billions of dollars to North American agriculture.

A Molecular Phylogeny for Bats Illuminates Biogeography and the Fossil Record

2005-01-27

Emma C. Teeling , Mark S. Springer , Ole Madsen +3 more

Bats make up more than 20% of extant mammals, yet their evolutionary history is largely unknown because of a limited fossil record and conflicting or incomplete phylogenies. Here, we present … Bats make up more than 20% of extant mammals, yet their evolutionary history is largely unknown because of a limited fossil record and conflicting or incomplete phylogenies. Here, we present a highly resolved molecular phylogeny for all extant bat families. Our results support the hypothesis that megabats are nested among four major microbat lineages, which originated in the early Eocene [52 to 50 million years ago (Mya)], coincident with a significant global rise in temperature, increase in plant diversity and abundance, and the zenith of Tertiary insect diversity. Our data suggest that bats originated in Laurasia, possibly in North America, and that three of the major microbat lineages are Laurasian in origin, whereas the fourth is Gondwanan. Combining principles of ghost lineage analysis with molecular divergence dates, we estimate that the bat fossil record underestimates (unrepresented basal branch length, UBBL) first occurrences by, on average, 73% and that the sum of missing fossil history is 61%.

Carpe noctem: the importance of bats as bioindicators

2009-01-14

Gareth Jones , David S. Jacobs , TH Kunz +2 more

ESR Endangered Species Research Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials ESR 8:93-115 (2009) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00182 REVIEW … ESR Endangered Species Research Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials ESR 8:93-115 (2009) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00182 REVIEW Carpe noctem: the importance of bats as bioindicators Gareth Jones1,*, David S. Jacobs2, Thomas H. Kunz3, Michael R. Willig4, Paul A. Racey5 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK 2Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondesbosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa 3Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA 4Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4210, USA 5School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TN, UK *Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The earth is now subject to climate change and habitat deterioration on unprecedented scales. Monitoring climate change and habitat loss alone is insufficient if we are to understand the effects of these factors on complex biological communities. It is therefore important to identify bioindicator taxa that show measurable responses to climate change and habitat loss and that reflect wider-scale impacts on the biota of interest. We argue that bats have enormous potential as bioindicators: they show taxonomic stability, trends in their populations can be monitored, short- and long-term effects on populations can be measured and they are distributed widely around the globe. Because insectivorous bats occupy high trophic levels, they are sensitive to accumulations of pesticides and other toxins, and changes in their abundance may reflect changes in populations of arthropod prey species. Bats provide several ecosystem services, and hence reflect the status of the plant populations on which they feed and pollinate as well as the productivity of insect communities. Bat populations are affected by a wide range of stressors that affect many other taxa. In particular, changes in bat numbers or activity can be related to climate change (including extremes of drought, heat, cold and precipitation, cyclones and sea level rise), deterioration of water quality, agricultural intensification, loss and fragmentation of forests, fatalities at wind turbines, disease, pesticide use and overhunting. There is an urgent need to implement a global network for monitoring bat populations so their role as bioindicators can be used to its full potential. KEY WORDS: Chiroptera · Indicator species · Environmental stressors Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Jones G, Jacobs DS, Kunz TH, Willig MR, Racey PA (2009) Carpe noctem: the importance of bats as bioindicators. Endang Species Res 8:93-115. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00182 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in ESR Vol. 8, No. 1-2. Online publication date: July 09, 2009 Print ISSN: 1863-5407; Online ISSN: 1613-4796 Copyright © 2009 Inter-Research.

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The behavior guide to African mammals

1992-07-01

Anne E. Pusey

RELAX: Detecting Relaxed Selection in a Phylogenetic Framework

2014-12-23

Joel O. Wertheim , Ben Murrell , Martin D. Smith +2 more

Relaxation of selective strength, manifested as a reduction in the efficiency or intensity of natural selection, can drive evolutionary innovation and presage lineage extinction or loss of function. Mechanisms through … Relaxation of selective strength, manifested as a reduction in the efficiency or intensity of natural selection, can drive evolutionary innovation and presage lineage extinction or loss of function. Mechanisms through which selection can be relaxed range from the removal of an existing selective constraint to a reduction in effective population size. Standard methods for estimating the strength and extent of purifying or positive selection from molecular sequence data are not suitable for detecting relaxed selection, because they lack power and can mistake an increase in the intensity of positive selection for relaxation of both purifying and positive selection. Here, we present a general hypothesis testing framework (RELAX) for detecting relaxed selection in a codon-based phylogenetic framework. Given two subsets of branches in a phylogeny, RELAX can determine whether selective strength was relaxed or intensified in one of these subsets relative to the other. We establish the validity of our test via simulations and show that it can distinguish between increased positive selection and a relaxation of selective strength. We also demonstrate the power of RELAX in a variety of biological scenarios where relaxation of selection has been hypothesized or demonstrated previously. We find that obligate and facultative γ-proteobacteria endosymbionts of insects are under relaxed selection compared with their free-living relatives and obligate endosymbionts are under relaxed selection compared with facultative endosymbionts. Selective strength is also relaxed in asexual Daphnia pulex lineages, compared with sexual lineages. Endogenous, nonfunctional, bornavirus-like elements are found to be under relaxed selection compared with exogenous Borna viruses. Finally, selection on the short-wavelength sensitive, SWS1, opsin genes in echolocating and nonecholocating bats is relaxed only in lineages in which this gene underwent pseudogenization; however, selection on the functional medium/long-wavelength sensitive opsin, M/LWS1, is found to be relaxed in all echolocating bats compared with nonecholocating bats.

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Mammals of the Palaearctic Region: a taxonomic review

1979-02-01

H. N. Southern , G. B. Corbet

Ecological morphology and flight in bats (Mammalia; Chiroptera): wing adaptations, flight performance, foraging strategy and echolocation

1987-09-16

Ulla Μ. Norberg , J. M. V. Rayner

Bat wing morphology is considered in relation to flight performance and flight behaviour to clarify the functional basis for eco-morphological correlations in flying animals. Bivariate correlations are presented between wing … Bat wing morphology is considered in relation to flight performance and flight behaviour to clarify the functional basis for eco-morphological correlations in flying animals. Bivariate correlations are presented between wing dimensions and body mass for a range of bat families and feeding classes, and principal-components analysis is used to measure overall size, wing size and wing shape. The principal components representing wing size and wing shape (as opposed to overall size) are interpreted as being equivalent to wing loading and to aspect ratio. Relative length and area of the hand-wing or wingtip are determined independently of wing size, and are used to derive a wingtip shape index, which measures the degree of roundedness or pointedness of the wingtip. The optimal wing form for bats adapted for different modes of flight is predicted by means of mechanical and aerodynamic models. We identify and model aspects of performance likely to influence flight adaptation significantly; these include selective pressures for economic forward flight (low energy per unit time or per unit distance (equal to cost of transport)), for flight at high or low speeds, for hovering, and for turning. "Turning performance is measured by two quantities: manoeuvrability, referring to the minimum space required for a turn at a given speed; and agility, relating to the rate at which a turn can be initiated. High flight speed correlates with high wing loading, good manoeuvrability is favoured by low wing loading, and turning agility should be associated with fast flight and with high wing loading. Other factors influencing wing adaptations, such as migration, flying with a foetus or young or carrying loads in flight (all of which favour large wing area), flight in cluttered environments (short wings) and modes of landing, are identified. The mechanical predictions are cast into a size-independent principal-components form, and are related to the morphology and the observed flight behaviour of different species and families of bats. In this way we provide a broadly based functional interpretation of the selective forces that influence wing morphology in bats. Measured flight speeds in bats permit testing of these predictions. Comparison of open-field free-flight speeds with morphology confirms that speed correlates with mass, wing loading and wingtip proportions as expected; there is no direct relation between speed and aspect ratio. Some adaptive trends in bat wing morphology are clear from this analysis. Insectivores hunt in a range of different ways, which are reflected in their morphology. Bats hawking high-flying insects have small, pointed wings which give good agility, high flight speeds and low cost of transport. Bats hunting for insects among vegetation, and perhaps gleaning, have very short and rounded wingtips, and often relatively short, broad wings, giving good manoeuvrability at low flight speeds. Many insectivorous species forage by ‘ flycatching ’ (perching while seeking prey) and have somewhat similar morphology to gleaners. Insectivorous species foraging in more open habitats usually have slightly longer wings, and hence lower cost of transport. Piscivores forage over open stretches of water, and have very long wings giving low flight power and cost of transport, and unusually long, rounded tips for control and stability in flight. Carnivores must carry heavy loads, and thus have relatively large wing areas; their foraging strategies consist of perching, hunting and gleaning, and wing structure is similar to that of insectivorous species with similar behaviour. Perching and hovering nectarivores both have a relatively small wing area: this surprising result may result from environmental pressure for a short wingspan or from the advantage of high speed during commuting flights; the large wingtips of these bats are valuable for lift generation in slow flight. The relation between flight morphology (as an indicator of flight behaviour) and echolocation is considered. It is demonstrated that adaptive trends in wing adaptations are predictably and closely paralleled by echolocation call structure, owing to the joint constraints of flying and locating food in different ways. Pressures on flight morphology depend also on size, with most aspects of performance favouring smaller animals. Power rises rapidly as mass increases; in smaller bats the available energy margin is greater than in larger species, and they may have a more generalized repertoire of flight behaviour. Trophic pressures related to feeding strategy and behaviour are also important, and may restrict the size ranges of different feeding classes: insectivores and primary nectarivores must be relatively small, carnivores and frugivores somewhat larger. The relation of these results to bat community ecology is considered, as our predictions may be tested through comparisons between comparable, sympatric species. Our mechanical predictions apply to all bats and to all kinds of bat communities, but other factors (for example echolocation) may also contribute to specialization in feeding or behaviour, and species separation may not be determined solely by wing morphology or flight behaviour. None the less, we believe that our approach, of identifying functional correlates of bat flight behaviour and identifying these with morphological adaptations, clarifies the eco-morphological relationships of bats.

Comparative Analysis of Bat Genomes Provides Insight into the Evolution of Flight and Immunity

2012-12-21

Guojie Zhang , Christopher Cowled , Zheng‐Li Shi +7 more

Bats are the only mammals capable of sustained flight and are notorious reservoir hosts for some of the world's most highly pathogenic viruses, including Nipah, Hendra, Ebola, and severe acute … Bats are the only mammals capable of sustained flight and are notorious reservoir hosts for some of the world's most highly pathogenic viruses, including Nipah, Hendra, Ebola, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). To identify genetic changes associated with the development of bat-specific traits, we performed whole-genome sequencing and comparative analyses of two distantly related species, fruit bat Pteropus alecto and insectivorous bat Myotis davidii. We discovered an unexpected concentration of positively selected genes in the DNA damage checkpoint and nuclear factor κB pathways that may be related to the origin of flight, as well as expansion and contraction of important gene families. Comparison of bat genomes with other mammalian species has provided new insights into bat biology and evolution.

The echolocation of flying insects by bats

1960-07-01

Donald R. Griffin , F. A. Webster , Charles R. Michael

A FIELD STUDY OF THE SOCIOBIOLOGY OF RHESUS MONKEYS, MACACA MULATTA*

1962-12-01

Stuart A. Altmann

An Emerging Disease Causes Regional Population Collapse of a Common North American Bat Species

2010-08-05

Winifred F. Frick , Jacob F. Pollock , Alan C. Hicks +5 more

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging disease affecting hibernating bats in eastern North America that causes mass mortality and precipitous population declines in winter hibernacula. First discovered in 2006 in … White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging disease affecting hibernating bats in eastern North America that causes mass mortality and precipitous population declines in winter hibernacula. First discovered in 2006 in New York State, WNS is spreading rapidly across eastern North America and currently affects seven species. Mortality associated with WNS is causing a regional population collapse and is predicted to lead to regional extinction of the little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus), previously one of the most common bat species in North America. Novel diseases can have serious impacts on naïve wildlife populations, which in turn can have substantial impacts on ecosystem integrity.

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Metabolic Rate and Body Temperature Reduction During Hibernation and Daily Torpor

2004-02-11

Fritz Geiser

Although it is well established that during periods of torpor heterothermic mammals and birds can reduce metabolic rates (MR) substantially, the mechanisms causing the reduction of MR remain a controversial … Although it is well established that during periods of torpor heterothermic mammals and birds can reduce metabolic rates (MR) substantially, the mechanisms causing the reduction of MR remain a controversial subject. The comparative analysis provided here suggests that MR reduction depends on patterns of torpor used, the state of torpor, and body mass. Daily heterotherms, which are species that enter daily torpor exclusively, appear to rely mostly on the fall of body temperature (Tb) for MR reduction, perhaps with the exception of very small species and at high torpor Tb, where some metabolic inhibition may be used. In contrast, hibernators (species capable of prolonged torpor bouts) rely extensively on metabolic inhibition, in addition to Tb effects, to reduce MR to a fraction of that observed in daily heterotherms. In small hibernators, metabolic inhibition and the large fall of Tb are employed to maximize energy conservation, whereas in large hibernators, metabolic inhibition appears to be employed to facilitate MR and Tb reduction at torpor onset. Over the ambient temperature (Ta) range where torpid heterotherms are thermo-conforming, the Tb-Ta differential is more or less constant despite a decline of MR with Ta; however, in thermo-regulating torpid individuals, the Tb-Ta differential is maintained by a proportional increase of MR as during normothermia, albeit at a lower Tb. Thermal conductance in most torpid thermo-regulating individuals is similar to that in normothermic individuals despite the substantially lower MR in the former. However, conductance is low when deeply torpid animals are thermo-conforming probably because of peripheral vasoconstriction.

Roost Fidelity of Bats: A Review

1995-05-19

Susan E. Lewis

Journal Article Roost Fidelity of Bats: A Review Get access Susan E. Lewis Susan E. Lewis Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, University of Minnesota, St. … Journal Article Roost Fidelity of Bats: A Review Get access Susan E. Lewis Susan E. Lewis Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 76, Issue 2, 19 May 1995, Pages 481–496, https://doi.org/10.2307/1382357 Published: 19 May 1995 Article history Received: 28 October 1993 Accepted: 08 August 1994 Published: 19 May 1995

The physiological costs of reproduction in small mammals

2007-08-08

John R. Speakman

Life-history trade-offs between components of fitness arise because reproduction entails both gains and costs. Costs of reproduction can be divided into ecological and physiological costs. The latter have been rarely … Life-history trade-offs between components of fitness arise because reproduction entails both gains and costs. Costs of reproduction can be divided into ecological and physiological costs. The latter have been rarely studied yet are probably a dominant component of the effect. A deeper understanding of life-history evolution will only come about once these physiological costs are better understood. Physiological costs may be direct or indirect. Direct costs include the energy and nutrient demands of the reproductive event, and the morphological changes that are necessary to facilitate achieving these demands. Indirect costs may be optional ‘compensatory costs’ whereby the animal chooses to reduce investment in some other aspect of its physiology to maximize the input of resource to reproduction. Such costs may be distinguished from consequential costs that are an inescapable consequence of the reproductive event. In small mammals, the direct costs of reproduction involve increased energy, protein and calcium demands during pregnancy, but most particularly during lactation. Organ remodelling is necessary to achieve the high demands of lactation and involves growth of the alimentary tract and associated organs such as the liver and pancreas. Compensatory indirect costs include reductions in thermogenesis, immune function and physical activity. Obligatory consequential costs include hyperthermia, bone loss, disruption of sleep patterns and oxidative stress. This is unlikely to be a complete list. Our knowledge of these physiological costs is currently at best described as rudimentary. For some, we do not even know whether they are compensatory or obligatory. For almost all of them, we have no idea of exact mechanisms or how these costs translate into fitness trade-offs.

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Locomotion in vertebrates: central mechanisms and reflex interaction

1975-04-01

Sten Grillner

From spatial orientation to food acquisition in echolocating bats

2003-07-07

Hans‐Ulrich Schnitzler , Cynthia F. Moss , Annette Denzinger

Bat White-Nose Syndrome: An Emerging Fungal Pathogen?

2008-10-31

David S. Blehert , Alan C. Hicks , Melissa Behr +7 more

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a condition associated with an unprecedented bat mortality event in the northeastern United States. Since the winter of 2006*2007, bat declines exceeding 75% have been observed … White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a condition associated with an unprecedented bat mortality event in the northeastern United States. Since the winter of 2006*2007, bat declines exceeding 75% have been observed at surveyed hibernacula. Affected bats often present with visually striking white fungal growth on their muzzles, ears, and/or wing membranes. Direct microscopy and culture analyses demonstrated that the skin of WNS-affected bats is colonized by a psychro-philic fungus that is phylogenetically related to Geomyces spp. but with a conidial morphology distinct from characterized members of this genus. This report characterizes the cutaneous fungal infection associated with WNS.

Hibernation versus Daily Torpor in Mammals and Birds: Physiological Variables and Classification of Torpor Patterns

1995-11-01

Fritz Geiser , Thomas Ruf

Hibernation and daily torpor are usually considered to be two distinct patterns of heterothermia. In the present comparison we evaluated (1) whether physiological variables of torpor from 104 avian and … Hibernation and daily torpor are usually considered to be two distinct patterns of heterothermia. In the present comparison we evaluated (1) whether physiological variables of torpor from 104 avian and mammalian species warrant the distinction between hibernation and daily torpor as two different states of torpor and (2), if so, whether this distinction is best based on maximum torpor bout duration, minimum body temperature (Tb), minimum metabolic rate during torpor, or the reduction of metabolic rate expressed as percentage of basal metabolism (BMR). Initially, animals were grouped into species displaying either daily torpor or prolonged torpor (hibernation) according to observations from original sources. Both cluster and discriminant analyses supported this division, and further analyses were therefore based on these two groups. Frequency distributions for all tvariables tested differed significantly (P < 0.001) between daily torpor and hibernation. The average maximum torpor bout duration was 355.3 h in hibernators and 11.2 h in daily heterotherms. Mean minimum Tb's were lower in hibernators than in daily heterotherms (5.8° C vs. 17.4° C) as were minimum metabolic rates measured as rate of oxygen consumption (V̇o2; 0.037 vs. 0.535 mL O₂ g⁻¹h⁻¹), and the metabolic rate reduction expressed as percentage of BMR (5.1% vs. 29.5%). Furthermore, mean body weights were significantly higher in hibernators (2384 g) than in daily heterotherms (253 g; P < 0.001). Thus, the comparisons of several physiological variables appear to justify a distinction between the two torpor patterns. However, of all variables tested, only the frequency distributions of maximum torpor bout duration (1.5-22 h for daily torpor; 96-1,080 h for hibernation) showed a clear gap between daily heterotherms and hibernators. The minimum V̇o2 also distinguished clearly between daily heterotherms and hibernators. All other variables, including minimum Tb during torpor, did not show a complete separation between the two patterns of heterothermia. We therefore suggest that classification of torpor patterns should be based on the duration of torpor bouts or the minimum V̇o2 during torpor.

Echolocation by Insect-Eating Bats

2001-01-01

Hans‐Ulrich Schnitzler , Elisabeth K. V. Kalko

ANIMAL CYTOLOGY AND EVOLUTION

1955-03-01

Theodosius Dobzhansky

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Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World

2015-12-08

Christian C. Voigt , Tigga Kingston

Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats

1989-04-01

Ecosystem services provided by bats

2011-03-01

Thomas Kunz , Elizabeth C. Braun de Torrez , Dana Marie Bauer +2 more

Ecosystem services are the benefits obtained from the environment that increase human well‐being. Economic valuation is conducted by measuring the human welfare gains or losses that result from changes in … Ecosystem services are the benefits obtained from the environment that increase human well‐being. Economic valuation is conducted by measuring the human welfare gains or losses that result from changes in the provision of ecosystem services. Bats have long been postulated to play important roles in arthropod suppression, seed dispersal, and pollination; however, only recently have these ecosystem services begun to be thoroughly evaluated. Here, we review the available literature on the ecological and economic impact of ecosystem services provided by bats. We describe dietary preferences, foraging behaviors, adaptations, and phylogenetic histories of insectivorous, frugivorous, and nectarivorous bats worldwide in the context of their respective ecosystem services. For each trophic ensemble, we discuss the consequences of these ecological interactions on both natural and agricultural systems. Throughout this review, we highlight the research needed to fully determine the ecosystem services in question. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of economic valuation of ecosystem services. Unfortunately, few studies estimating the economic value of ecosystem services provided by bats have been conducted to date; however, we outline a framework that could be used in future studies to more fully address this question. Consumptive goods provided by bats, such as food and guano, are often exchanged in markets where the market price indicates an economic value. Nonmarket valuation methods can be used to estimate the economic value of nonconsumptive services, including inputs to agricultural production and recreational activities. Information on the ecological and economic value of ecosystem services provided by bats can be used to inform decisions regarding where and when to protect or restore bat populations and associated habitats, as well as to improve public perception of bats.

COMPARATIVE ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY

1962-06-01

C. Ladd Prosser , Frank A. Brown

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Fast animal pose estimation using deep neural networks

2018-12-11

Talmo Pereira , Diego Aldarondo , Lindsay Willmore +4 more

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Biotelemetry: a mechanistic approach to ecology

2004-05-27

Steven J. Cooke

Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research

2011-02-16

Robert S. Sikes , William L. Gannon

Guidelines for use of wild mammal species are updated from the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM) 2007 publication. These revised guidelines cover current professional techniques and regulations involving mammals used … Guidelines for use of wild mammal species are updated from the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM) 2007 publication. These revised guidelines cover current professional techniques and regulations involving mammals used in research and teaching. They incorporate additional resources, summaries of procedures, and reporting requirements not contained in earlier publications. Included are details on marking, housing, trapping, and collecting mammals. It is recommended that institutional animal care and use committees (IACUCs), regulatory agencies, and investigators use these guidelines as a resource for protocols involving wild mammals. These guidelines were prepared and approved by the ASM, working with experienced professional veterinarians and IACUCs, whose collective expertise provides a broad and comprehensive understanding of the biology of nondomesticated mammals in their natural environments. The most current version of these guidelines and any subsequent modifications are available at the ASM Animal Care and Use Committee page of the ASM Web site (http://mammalsociety.org/committees/index.asp).

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Walker's Mammals of the World

1999-01-01

Ronald Nowak

NYSM Mammals

2021-01-01

Ryan J. Whitehouse

Museum specimens including skins, skeletons, fluid preservations, and frozen tissue. Museum specimens including skins, skeletons, fluid preservations, and frozen tissue.

Mammal collection of National Museum of Nature and Science

2024-01-01

Shin‐ichiro Kawada

Mammal specimens deposited at the Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science Mammal specimens deposited at the Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science

DMNS Mammal Collection (Arctos)

2024-01-01

John R. Demboski

The Denver Museum of Nature & Science Mammal Collection currently consists of approximately 21,000 specimens, which includes 20,000+ cataloged specimens. The collection spans 1870 to the present, is worldwide in … The Denver Museum of Nature & Science Mammal Collection currently consists of approximately 21,000 specimens, which includes 20,000+ cataloged specimens. The collection spans 1870 to the present, is worldwide in coverage, and includes specimens from the three major extant mammalian lineages (monotremes, marsupials, and placentals) distributed across 21 orders, 266 genera, and 381 species. The collection’s primary strength is its focus on the southern Rocky Mountains and Great Plains. Approximately 82% of the collection is from the western United States, with specimens from Colorado (73%) representing the largest percentage. Small mammals, such as shrews, rodents, lagomorphs, and bats, constitute the majority (84%) of specimens in the collection. The composition of the collection is primarily study skins and skeletal material, with a growing wet collection. High-quality specimen data, frozen tissues, and parasites are associated with most of the specimens archived since 2006.

KUBI Mammalogy Collection

2023-01-01

Andrew Bentley

The mammal collection at the University of Kansas Natural History Museum is one of the world's largest (the fifth largest mammal collection in North America and the third largest university … The mammal collection at the University of Kansas Natural History Museum is one of the world's largest (the fifth largest mammal collection in North America and the third largest university collection in the world). The most common preparation type is a prepared skin, with the skull cleaned and stored in a separated container (our preparation code is SS). Second-most common is a skin with the entire skeleton cleaned and stored separately (SB). Some specimens consist only of a skull (SK) or cranium (CO). Other specimens may consist of a partial skeleton (PS), an entire skeleton (SN) or only a skin (SO). Many of our specimens are stored in alcohol (AL), or are in alcohol with the skull removed and cleaned (SA). Tissues associated with any of these preparation types are noted as a separate field in our database. Because there are active public education and exhibits programs in the KU Natural History Museum, a few of our specimens are taxidermy mounts (BM) and some are housed permanently on exhibit. Other preparation types are coded as “other” (OT). Occasionally, specimens are prepared with the baculum or os clitoris and separately stored in preserving fluid. Non-standard preparation types and additional materials are noted in a comments field in our database. We have extensive historical collections from Central America, Mexico, and southeast, central, western regions of the United States and Alaska. We recently added outstanding collections from the Philippines and New Guinea. We anticipate continuing to maintain our strengths in these geographic regions, emphasizing bats, rodents and insectivores—current taxonomic strengths. Most of our collection consists of nicely prepared skins, skulls, and complete skeletons, with most recent specimens accompanied by tissues. There are 135 type specimens in our collection at present. Of these, the largest number (97) are rodents. There are also 6 insectivore, 25 bat, 5 lagomorph, and 2 carnivore holotypes. Lists of the Mammalogy's type specimens have been published by Jones and Genoways (1969) and Jones et al. (1984), although several have been described since. Types have been described from Barbados, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (14 states), Mozambique, Nicaragua, Philippines, Venezuela, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and from 12 states in the U.S. All type specimens are kept in the designated "type case" at all times. Use of type specimens must be arranged with the curators. There is broad taxonomic coverage, including important holdings of Central and South American marsupials, insectivores, bats, rodents; Holarctic shrews, microtines, squirrels and North American bats, insectivores, carnivores, rodents and lagomorphs.

UTEP Mammals (Arctos)

2024-01-01

Vicky Zhuang , Teresa Mayfield-Meyer

The collection of mammalian material at UTEP is comprised of about 8,450 prepared specimens. Since their initial organization, much of the emphasis in building the higher vertebrate holdings has been … The collection of mammalian material at UTEP is comprised of about 8,450 prepared specimens. Since their initial organization, much of the emphasis in building the higher vertebrate holdings has been in the acquisition of skeletal material along with the more traditional skin-skull/study skin specimens. As a result, significant collections of post-cranial osteological material have accrued.

FHSM Mammals Collection

2017-01-01

Curtis J. Schmidt

Over 42,000 specimens, including 2 holotypes, are housed in the Sternberg Mammalogy Collection. The bulk of the collections are comprised of important voucher specimens and are invaluable resources for documenting … Over 42,000 specimens, including 2 holotypes, are housed in the Sternberg Mammalogy Collection. The bulk of the collections are comprised of important voucher specimens and are invaluable resources for documenting the natural history of the Great Plains. The Sternberg Museum serves as a regional depository and tissue bank for many taxa. The Sternberg Mammalogy tissue bank contains over 2,000 preserved tissue samples, primarily from Kansas. These tissues are used extensively in molecular and DNA-based research, including systematics, phylogeography, and evolution. Tissue samples are available upon request.

UConn Mammals

2020-01-01

Erin K. Kuprewicz

The diversity and size of this collection is primarily creditable to the late Ralph Wetzel. The collection grew as a consequence of Dr. Wetzel`s NSF-supported program on the mammals of … The diversity and size of this collection is primarily creditable to the late Ralph Wetzel. The collection grew as a consequence of Dr. Wetzel`s NSF-supported program on the mammals of Paraguay. One particularly exciting and notable result of this project was the rediscovery of the Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri), once thought to be extinct. Wetzel later extended his collections to several other South American countries. As a result, our collection includes many South American marsupials, canids, and rodents. We believe that this collection ranks among the top 5 in the world with respect to South American cats (many of the species included are now considered to be endangered or at risk), and among the top 10 in its coverage of South American mammals. The second most important geographic emphasis of this collection is North America with extensive series of a wide diversity of North American mammal species. Of particular note are 200 bobcat skulls, 503 domesticated and feral pig skulls, 752 river otter skulls, and 1600 fisher skulls. Taxonomic coverage of the New England fauna is very good. The collection includes moderate representation of mammals from other regions of the world, most notably from Lebanon, Iraq, Turkistan, England, and Germany (reflecting the interests of previous students).

DMNH Birds

2017-01-01

Jean L. Woods

The bird collection consists of approximately 67,000 study skins, 2,500 spread wings and 9,000 skeletons. The holdings represent about 4,000 bird species. About 140 taxa are in the type collection. … The bird collection consists of approximately 67,000 study skins, 2,500 spread wings and 9,000 skeletons. The holdings represent about 4,000 bird species. About 140 taxa are in the type collection. The collection, worldwide in scope, has especially strong holdings of Philippine and Central and South American birds. Extinct species are also represented. Formation of the collection began when the Museum was founded in 1957. Among the collections that can be found here are those of George Miksch Sutton, Allan R. Phillips, Olin S. Pettingill, D.S. Rabor, M. Hachisuka and specimens from Charles Sibley's expeditions in 1975-1977 .

Wild mammals of North America: biology, management, and conservation

2004-05-01

George A. Feldhamer , Bruce C. Thompson , Joseph A. Chapman

Winner of the 1984 Wildlife Publications Award from the Wildlife Society, the first edition of Wild Mammals of North America (published in 1982) offered zoologists, naturalists, wildlife specialists, and students … Winner of the 1984 Wildlife Publications Award from the Wildlife Society, the first edition of Wild Mammals of North America (published in 1982) offered zoologists, naturalists, wildlife specialists, and students detailed information about the biology, conservation status, and management of 57 mammalian species and species groups, with contributions from 100 of the leading authorities. Now thoroughly revised to reflect new biological research and approaches to wildlife conservation and management, the second edition of this essential volume ( Wildlife Society Bulletin) continues to provide the most current and comprehensive data on the distribution, physiology, ecology, behavior, commercial value, and viability of nongame species including bats, woodrats, prairie dogs, and armadillo, the whales, seals, and sireians, as well as carnivores, furbearers, and big game species.

Are cocoa plantations suitable habitats? Network between parasites (Diptera: Hippoboscidea) and hosts (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in cocoa-dominated landscapes of the Brazilian Amazon

2025-06-24

Samantha Valente Dias , Rafaela Jemely Rodrigues Alexandre , Letícia Lima Correia +4 more | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution

Introduction The relationship between ectoparasitic flies and bats is influenced by anthropogenic changes in natural environments. In the Amazon, various forms of disturbance contribute to ecosystem imbalance, potentially leading to … Introduction The relationship between ectoparasitic flies and bats is influenced by anthropogenic changes in natural environments. In the Amazon, various forms of disturbance contribute to ecosystem imbalance, potentially leading to the local extinction and disruption of ecological functions. Cacao cultivation has been expanding in the Amazon, but studies on its impacts on bat diversity are still limited, hindering the development of effective conservation strategies. This study aims to assess bat and batfly species to understand how land-use changes affect antagonistic interaction networks between ectoparasitic flies and Phyllostomidae bats. Methods We sampled urban areas, natural vegetation, and cacao plantations using 10 mist nets over 69 nights at 36 sites across 10 municipalities in Pará. Results The overall interaction network showed 42 host species and 52 ectoparasite species, showing high specialization, low connectivity, and insignificant nesting and parasite vulnerability. The highest ectoparasites richness was observed in natural vegetation (47), followed by cacao (30) and urban areas (29). The cacao-dominated network exhibited high modularity, natural areas had the highest occurrence of infracommunities, followed by urban areas and cocoa. Five bat species were present in all three environments, each infested with infracommunities. Notably, infracommunal associations were common among ectoparasite genera Speiseria, Strebla , and Trichobius . Discussion The species richness observed highlights Pará as a region of exceptional diversity for dipteran ectoparasites of bats (with 60 species). Our study suggests that cacao plantations can serve as suitable habitats for both bats and flies. Notably, we conducted this research on a small, family-run farm. While these types of farms are not substitutes for natural vegetation, they may help mitigate the impacts of rapid land-use and land-cover change. In fact, these small, family-operated farms demonstrated habitat suitability close to that of natural vegetation areas, supporting greater biodiversity within agricultural landscapes.

First record of the bat Artibeus jamaicensis in the diet of the Common Black Hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus) in the Neotropics

2025-06-23

José Alberto Gómez-Ortega , Laura Teresa Hernández Salazar , Edgar Ahmed Bello-Sánchez +2 more | Huitzil Revista Mexicana de Ornitología

The Common Black Hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus) is a raptor that feeds mainly on crustaceans and fish, but is an opportunistic consumer that can also feed on other prey. We visited … The Common Black Hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus) is a raptor that feeds mainly on crustaceans and fish, but is an opportunistic consumer that can also feed on other prey. We visited the El Cantil Blanco cave in Veracruz, Mexico, located in deciduous lowland forest and secondary vegetation, to study bats. On 18 December 2023, we observed two Common Black Hawks at the entrance to the cave. One hawk was holding a dead bat, which it dropped as we approached. On inspecting the site below the hawk’s perch, we found remains of Artibeus jamaicensis bats. Our results provide the first record of A. jamaicensis bats in the diet of this raptor in the Neotropics, which is notable considering the few records of mammals in the diet of this raptor.

Variation in water surface area and its impacts on bat drinking activity in an urban environment

2025-06-23

Peyton E. Harper , Victoria J. Bennett | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution

The availability and accessibility of water resources are important factors influencing bat presence in urban areas. As bats drink ‘on the wing’, total surface area of a water sources determines … The availability and accessibility of water resources are important factors influencing bat presence in urban areas. As bats drink ‘on the wing’, total surface area of a water sources determines overall water availability, but the presence of clutter dictates water accessibility. Understanding how water accessibility influences bat resource use may therefore provide a more accurate measure of water availability in urban environments. To explore this, we assessed how variation in water surface area influenced bat activity and species richness in an urban area. We conducted surveys at six study sites in Tarrant County, Texas, USA in 2023 and 2024 using a thermal camera to measure the total duration of bat presence and the number of drinking events. Additionally, we used an acoustic detector to record the number of species recorded drinking at the sites during each survey. A drone was used to evaluate water surface area metrics, including fundamental and realized surface areas, maximum patch sizes, and the longest stretches of continuous area. Our findings indicated that decreasing the length of available surface was associated with reduced bat activity. Notably, drinking activity, a key indicator of water resource use, declined with increasing clutter due to litter, emergent vegetation, algal blooms, and even fallen trees. These results suggest that the presence of clutter, in particular, may limit and even prevent bats from accessing water. Effective management of urban water sources should prioritize clutter removal to improve water accessibility for bats and support a diverse urban wildlife community.

Temporal Precision Necessitates Wingbeat-Call Asynchrony in Actively Echolocating Bats

2025-06-22

Ravi Umadi | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

I present a unified theory and empirical analysis showing that temporal precision, rather than energetic efficiency or mechanical synchrony, is the primary axis guiding echolocation call timing in flying bats. … I present a unified theory and empirical analysis showing that temporal precision, rather than energetic efficiency or mechanical synchrony, is the primary axis guiding echolocation call timing in flying bats. While classic hypotheses posited that coupling call emission to wingbeat and respiration cycles is optimal, my field data and mathematical modelling demonstrate that such synchrony is only maintained when sensory-motor demands are minimal. As bats approach a target or encounter complex, dynamic environments, synchrony is frequently and necessarily broken: I show that the strict temporal constraints imposed by the call-echo-response loop require bats to decouple vocal output from wing motion whenever echo delays become short or as circumstantial demands for information updates dictate. Using a simulation framework grounded in first principles, I reveal that wingbeat-call synchrony is possible only within a narrow physiological window, bounded by wingbeat frequency and amplitude. When these limits are exceeded, asynchrony reliably emerges as the only viable strategy to maintain real-time sensory feedback. Both my empirical data and theoretical model predict and explain the universal emergence of a hyperbolic relationship between interpulse interval and call rate-across all behavioural and environmental contexts-demonstrating that closed-loop, echo-guided timing is a fundamental, conserved feature of bat biosonar. Patterns such as sonar sound groups arise not as discrete modules, but as visible signatures of the feedback-driven system flexibly adapting to heightened uncertainty or unpredictability. I further discuss how species-specific morphological and aerodynamic constraints set the boundaries for synchrony flexibility, explaining interspecific diversity in echolocation behaviour. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that wingbeat-call asynchrony is an adaptive, mathematically inevitable solution for temporal precision in active echolocation, unifying previously disparate empirical observations and providing a predictive foundation for future research in sensory-motor coordination, flight control, and biosonar.

A proximodistal gradient in bone structure and mechanics in the wings of Seba's short‐tailed bat, Carollia perspicillata

2025-06-21

Xiaolei Ma , Aowen Deng , Sabah Nobakhti +2 more | The Anatomical Record

Abstract Bats possess the remarkable ability to fly, and with this, distinctive wing bone properties. We investigated the structural, mechanical, and compositional properties of the humerus, radius, metacarpals, and proximal … Abstract Bats possess the remarkable ability to fly, and with this, distinctive wing bone properties. We investigated the structural, mechanical, and compositional properties of the humerus, radius, metacarpals, and proximal and middle phalanges of Carollia perspicillata , an approximately 15 g fruit‐eating bat native to the Neotropics. We used microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) to assess cross‐sectional properties (cross‐sectional area, second moment of area, circularity index), quantitative backscattered scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) to assess mineral density in longitudinal sections, and nanoindentation to determine the elastic modulus along the length of each bone. Our findings revealed proximal to distal structural, mechanical, and mineral density gradients along the length of the wing. Proximal bones possessed larger cross‐sectional area, second moment of area, mineral density, and elastic modulus than distal bones. Proximal bones were more circular in cross‐section than the more elliptical distal bones, suggesting adaptation to torsional loading around the long axis and bending loading perpendicular to the long axis, respectively. This morphological and material properties gradient is linked to the bat's flight capabilities, reducing inertia and increasing ductility of the distal wing.

The diet of bats in forest ecosystems and their potential as natural enemies of forest pests: A case study in the Khingan Mountains, Northeast China

2025-06-19

Lixin Gong , Zhiqiang Wang , Can Ke +6 more | Ecological Indicators

Age-associated changes in the lymphoid tissues of Boa constrictor

2025-06-19

Eva Dervas , Udo Hetzel , Anja Kipar | Immunity & Ageing

Aging is a complex and multifaceted biological process that results in the gradual decline of physiological functions over time. It is associated with reduced performance across multiple systems, affecting metabolic, … Aging is a complex and multifaceted biological process that results in the gradual decline of physiological functions over time. It is associated with reduced performance across multiple systems, affecting metabolic, reproductive, musculoskeletal, and immune functions. While immune aging has been extensively studied in endothermic animals, and in particular mammals such as laboratory rodents, comparatively little is known about how aging manifests in ectothermic vertebrates like reptiles. This study explored the lymphoid tissue (spleen and thymus) of Boa constrictor, a boid snake indigenous to South and Central America and Mexico, but widely kept in captivity all over the world, for potential age-related changes. We observed a significant decrease in cellularity in the spleen, coupled with an increase in organ size correlated with age. In both spleen and thymus the connective tissue of capsule and trabeculae increased significantly with age, indicative of progressive fibrosis. In addition, several changes were observed with increasing frequency in older animals, epithelial hyperplasia in the thymic medulla as well stromal fibrosis and an increasing infiltration by so-called granular cells in both organs. Granular cells likely represent a leukocyte subtype; their presence indicates a progressive chronic low-grade inflammatory state in the lymphoid organs, a feature known as inflammaging in other animal classes. They may also play a role in the progressive fibrosis of the connective tissue. The results firstly describe morphological evidence of aging in B. constrictor and indicate similarities in the aging across animal classes.

Quantification of Absolute IgG Concentration in Bat Sera

2025-06-19

Frédéric Touzalin , Mads Frost Bertelsen , Stamatios Alan Tahas +7 more | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> Bats are endowed with a remarkable capacity to withstand important pathogens through evolutionary adaptations in their immune systems. Antibodies are essential component of the adaptive immune response and serve … <title>Abstract</title> Bats are endowed with a remarkable capacity to withstand important pathogens through evolutionary adaptations in their immune systems. Antibodies are essential component of the adaptive immune response and serve as a crucial biomarker, indicating both present and past pathogen infections, as well as the overall physiological state of the organism. The main type of antibody found in the blood of mammals is IgG. It is produced as a result of specific T-cell-dependent antibody responses. Consequently, monitoring IgG in wild animals can yield valuable insights into pathogen dynamics and host responses. Currently, there is no simple technique for measuring absolute IgG concentration that can be generalized for different species of bats. The present study proposes a methodology to quantify total IgG levels in bats. The approach is based on an immunosorbent assay and employs only protein G as a detecting reagent for IgG. This method has the potential to be applied to diverse bat species, as well as other mammals. As a proof of concept, we present a detailed procedure to quantify serum IgG in Egyptian fruit bats (<italic>Rousettus aegyptiacus</italic>). The estimated concentration of IgG was found to be relatively high (5-6 mg/ml), highlighting the role of specific antibody responses in the immune defence of bats. To validate the method, we compare the results to an alternative approach based on SPR biosensor technology. Furthermore, data pertaining to the estimation of IgG levels in a different bat species, namely <italic>Myotis myotis</italic>, is presented. This simple and effective technique offers a valuable tool for advancing our understanding of immune function in bats and potentially other wild mammals, contributing to broader efforts in wildlife immunology and disease ecology.

The morphological, chromosomal and molecular illumination of the dramatic diversity of the stripe-backed shrews, Sorex cylindricauda species complex (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)

2025-06-18

А. А. Банникова , Paulina D. Jenkins , Vladimir S. Lebedev +7 more | Vertebrate Zoology

Abstract The taxonomy of the stripe-backed shrew complex ( Sorex cylindricauda species group), distributed in mountains of western China, appears challenging due to remarkable variation in morphological traits and relatively … Abstract The taxonomy of the stripe-backed shrew complex ( Sorex cylindricauda species group), distributed in mountains of western China, appears challenging due to remarkable variation in morphological traits and relatively recent times of diversification. According to classical points of view only two or three species of the stripe-backed shrews can be distinguished. However, previous molecular reconstructions revealed at least 14 genetic lineages including a number of undescribed cryptic species. In the current study we revise the taxonomic status of large-sized stripe-backed shrews occurring in high mountain areas in south Gansu, north-western Sichuan and western Qinghai that were previously treated as S. aff. cylindricauda or S. sinalis. The available molecular data place them in a separate species-level lineage of the stripe-backed shrew complex. Our morphological analysis indicate that shrews of this lineage are distinct from the two other large-sized Chinese species, S. cylindricauda and S. sinalis , based on both cranial and external traits. Therefore, we here describe it as a species new to science, the karyotype of which is characterized by 2n = 26 with an additional B chromosome and NFa = 44. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis demonstrates multiple instances of mitonuclear discordance among lineages within the S. cylindricauda complex, which is likely a result of mtDNA introgression, thus highlighting the important role of reticulation events in the evolution of the group.

Flight trajectory modeling reveals species-specific obstacle avoidance policies in echolocating bats

2025-06-18

Yu Teshima , Shoko Genda , Yuka Aoki +3 more | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Echolocating bats routinely navigate complex wild environments with remarkable agility, yet it remains unclear whether their flight trajectories reflect reproducible internal control strategies or are merely the result of improvised … Echolocating bats routinely navigate complex wild environments with remarkable agility, yet it remains unclear whether their flight trajectories reflect reproducible internal control strategies or are merely the result of improvised reactive behavior. To address this question, we recorded flight paths and pulse emissions of Rhinolophus nippon and Miniopterus fuliginosus as they navigated seven obstacle-rich arenas in complete darkness. Using a machine learning model—a variational recurrent neural network (VRNN)—we show that bat flight is governed by a consistent internal policy. Trained on only part of each trajectory, our model accurately predicted future flight paths across arenas and individuals, preserving key features such as turning direction, obstacle-avoidance arcs, and velocity profiles. The model’s ability to faithfully reproduce species-specific strategies despite differences in sonar and flight morphology supports the existence of structured internal control in bat navigation. Our approach reveals that bat flight, while appearing improvisational, is in fact guided by internal policies that can be directly inferred from trajectory data, without relying on hand-crafted assumptions. Furthermore, the data-driven model developed here enables a priori testing of flight-path reorganization by virtually imposing environmental changes and analysing the resulting predicted trajectories, providing a powerful tool for biomimetic robotic design and for forecasting ecological responses to landscape transformation.

Mating system and copulatory behavior of the greater mouse‐eared bat (Myotis myotis)

2025-06-18

Lisa Printz , A. Lustig , Martina Nagy +1 more | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Abstract Mammalian mating systems, which form the cornerstone of social systems, are shaped by diverse ecological and sociobiological factors, and they influence behavior and reproductive success. Among mammals, bats exhibit … Abstract Mammalian mating systems, which form the cornerstone of social systems, are shaped by diverse ecological and sociobiological factors, and they influence behavior and reproductive success. Among mammals, bats exhibit a remarkable diversity of mating systems, making them ideal for studying their complexity; yet, interspecific variations of bat mating systems remain largely unknown. To address this, we surveyed six roosts of the greater mouse‐eared bat ( Myotis myotis ) over 2 years, uncovering novel aspects of their mating system. Our findings suggest a lek mating system, where males aggregate and are visited by receptive females. Mating involves multiple copulations and distinct body postures, with the female remaining with the male for several hours. Male roost occupancy peaked in August, reflecting a phenological cycle. Males demonstrated pronounced territoriality and site fidelity, defending display spots with vocalizations and physical confrontations, underscoring their important role in securing mating success. Complex vocalizations appeared crucial for deterring rivals and attracting females, suggesting vocal signals govern mate choice by females. Additionally, a yellow facial secretion observed in males may function as an olfactory signal during mate selection. This study provides valuable insights into the mating system of M. myotis , with implications for understanding the species’ behavioral ecology and contributing to conservation strategies.

The Shrew of Nagaland: A Remarkable New Genus and Species from Northeast India, With A Discussion of The Phylogeny and Classification of The Soricidae (Mammalia)

2025-06-16

Rainer Hutterer , Mark T. Swanson , Jacob A. Esselstyn +1 more | Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History

Inventario acústico rápido de murciélagos insectívoros (Chiroptera) en el campus de la Universidad Unitrópico, Yopal, Casanare, Colombia

2025-06-16

Fernanda Tique-Bernal , Katherine Pérez-Gómez , R. Fernández-Rodríguez +1 more | Mammalogy Notes

El uso de detectores de ultrasonido se ha convertido en una herramienta complementaria clave para el monitoreo de murciélagos en Colombia. En este estudio, se empleó un detector acústico Echo … El uso de detectores de ultrasonido se ha convertido en una herramienta complementaria clave para el monitoreo de murciélagos en Colombia. En este estudio, se empleó un detector acústico Echo Meter Touch 2 para registrar las especies de murciélagos insectívoros presentes en el campus de la Universidad del Trópico Americano. Mediante el análisis de las grabaciones se identificaron dos familias, y cinco géneros. Este ejercicio destaca la utilidad de las herramientas acústicas, como los detectores que se conectan a dispositivos móviles, para el monitoreo y conocimiento de murciélagos que habitan principalmente en áreas urbanas, promoviendo la ciencia ciudadana y la sensibilización sobre la importancia de estos mamíferos.

Hibernation improves neural performance during energy stress in regions across the central nervous system in the American bullfrog

2025-06-15

Nikolaus Bueschke , Joseph M. Santin | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Neuronal signaling requires high rates of ATP production via the oxidative metabolism of glucose. The American bullfrog is intriguing, as this species has typical brain energy requirements for an average … Neuronal signaling requires high rates of ATP production via the oxidative metabolism of glucose. The American bullfrog is intriguing, as this species has typical brain energy requirements for an average vertebrate but modifies synaptic physiology and metabolism after hibernation to maintain function during hypoxia and ischemia. Given the importance of the respiratory system in restoring metabolic homeostasis during emergence from underwater hibernation, work to date has addressed this response in the brainstem respiratory network. Thus, metabolic plasticity has been interpreted as an adaptation used to restart respiratory motor behavior under hypoxic conditions during the transition from skin breathing to air breathing. It remains unclear whether these improvements are specific to the brainstem regions critical for breathing versus a global response within the central nervous system (CNS). To address this question, we recorded neural activity from the spinal cord, forebrain, and brainstem respiratory network in vitro. As expected, hypoxia disrupted the function of each network in control animals. After hibernation, each network improved its activity in hypoxia compared to controls. These results suggest that plasticity that improves neural function during energy stress following hibernation reflects a global response that may impact many behaviors controlled by the CNS and is not limited to regions involved in metabolic homeostasis.

Multifaceted evolution of dental morphology during the diversification of the bat superfamily Noctilionoidea

2025-06-15

Camilo López‐Aguirre , Gustavo A. Ballen , Suzanne J. Hand +1 more | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Noctilionoid bats went through one of the most extensive ecomorphological diversifications among mammals. Dietary ecology has been identified as a driver of noctilionoid morphological diversification. However, the macroevolutionary trajectories of … Noctilionoid bats went through one of the most extensive ecomorphological diversifications among mammals. Dietary ecology has been identified as a driver of noctilionoid morphological diversification. However, the macroevolutionary trajectories of changes dental morphology remain understudied. Studies indicate that variation in dental traits correlate with specialisation to different diets, implying differing patterns in phenotypic variability. We compared macroevolutionary trajectories across dental features quantifying five different traits using metrics of dental topography and size. Studying a sample of 110 species, we reconstructed the mode and tempo of dental evolution. We found multiple bursts of dental diversification through time, each involving different dental traits. Trait diversification was associated with different dietary radiations and could be traced to different nodes. Shifts in adaptive regimes were found in four traits, all of them concentrated within family Phyllostomidae. Evolutionary rate covariation differed across traits. We found low evolutionary covariation between measures of dental size and topography. Evolutionary modelling indicated dental traits evolved under different modes, signalling independent evolutionary trajectories. Support for diet-based models of stabilising and stochastic evolution across traits highlights the overarching effect of diet during dental evolution in Noctilionoidea. Our results support a complex and multifaceted model of evolution during noctilionoid dental morphological diversification.

Jaw muscle architecture in the greater rhea (Rhea americana): morphological patterns and postnatal ontogeny in an herbivorous bird

2025-06-14

Mariana Beatriz Julieta Picasso , María Clelia Mosto , Alejandro M. Tudisca +1 more | Zoology

First characterisation of bat echolocation calls in Argentina

2025-06-13

Camila Sofía González Noschese , M. Luz Olmedo , M. Pérez +1 more | Bioacoustics

Nectar drinking efficiency in lonchophylline and glossophagine bats: are “pump-like” or “mop-like” tongues better?

2025-06-13

Diana Gamba , Rossana Maguiña , Camilo A. Calderón‐Acevedo +2 more | Journal of Mammalogy

Abstract Nectarivory has independently evolved twice in the bat family Phyllostomidae, resulting in elongated tongues with 2 contrasting morphologies. Glossophagines have lapping “mop-like” tongues with terminal papillae, while lonchophyllines have … Abstract Nectarivory has independently evolved twice in the bat family Phyllostomidae, resulting in elongated tongues with 2 contrasting morphologies. Glossophagines have lapping “mop-like” tongues with terminal papillae, while lonchophyllines have non-lapping “pump-like” tongues that pull nectar through lateral grooves. Using flight-cage experiments, we measured maximum tongue extension and compared the nectar extraction efficiency of glossophagines and lonchophyllines in flowers with different morphologies and nectar depths. We studied 3 co-existing species in a cloud forest in the Ecuadorian Andes: 2 glossophagines (Anoura caudifer and A. cultrata), and 1 lonchophylline (Lonchophylla robusta). We found that maximum tongue extension is associated with nectar extraction efficiency across the 3 species in that L. robusta, with an intermediate tongue extension, was also intermediate in extraction efficiency. Additionally, within the 2 species of Anoura, individuals with greater tongue extension had greater extraction efficiency. We also found that, across all species, extraction efficiency declined at a similar rate with increasing nectar depths. However, the mechanism behind this decline was different for the glossophagines—which increased visit duration the deeper the nectar—versus L. robusta, which instead decreased visit duration with deeper nectar but simultaneously showed a much sharper decrease in amount of nectar consumed per visit. Our results suggest that bats with “pump-like” and “mop-like” tongues have comparable nectar extraction abilities across a variety of floral shapes, despite the large differences in behavior and tongue morphology. Instead, tongue extension appears to be a better predictor of nectar extraction efficiency, although data from more species are needed to be able to generalize these results.

A New Species of Marmosa (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) from Parque Nacional del Río Abiseo, Peru

2025-06-13

Silvia Pavan , Edson F. Abreu , Pamela Sánchez‐Vendizú +1 more | American Museum Novitates

Acoustics in the daily life of bats

2025-06-12

Angela Fösel , Ines Gehring | European Journal of Physics

Abstract This article addresses both the physical aspects of the everyday life of bats focused on acoustics and uses bats as an inspiring context for learning physics and (ultrasound) acoustics. … Abstract This article addresses both the physical aspects of the everyday life of bats focused on acoustics and uses bats as an inspiring context for learning physics and (ultrasound) acoustics. We provide some basic facts about bats that are relevant to the study of these acoustic phenomena. Additionally, and indeed with full intention, some stories about bats are included that are simply motivational without being specifically relevant to the topic.&#xD;&#xD;The didactic concept of this article is to demonstrate a context-based approach to acoustics. Specifically, we present ideas on how fundamental concepts of acoustics can be conveyed in a motivational context related to biology and bats. Additionally, learners gain essential knowledge about the physical aspects associated with bats through this approach. We focus on four experiments. The first experiments address the sending and receiving of acoustic signals and also serve as a gradual introduction to the topic of ultrasound. The second experiment deals with the reflection of ultrasound signals and the concept of echolocation. The third experiment discusses directional hearing, and a fourth experiment addresses the topic of how bats are able to discriminate between different surface textures.&#xD;&#xD;This article is relevant for teaching undergraduate physics students at universities in the subject of acoustics. It may also serve as an inspiration for university instructors who train future teachers in physics, helping them convey both subject-specific concepts and scientific methods, as well as the didactic concept of a context-based approach to physics teaching.

Metagenomic enables the first detection of Trypanosoma sp. in Streblidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) parasitizing bats in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

2025-06-12

Roberta Marcatti , Lucas Augusto Moysés Franco , E Rocha +7 more | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

ABSTRACT Bats play important ecological roles but also can carry various pathogens, including trypanosomatids. This study reports the first detection of Trypanosoma sp. in flies from the Streblidae family parasitizing … ABSTRACT Bats play important ecological roles but also can carry various pathogens, including trypanosomatids. This study reports the first detection of Trypanosoma sp. in flies from the Streblidae family parasitizing Carollia perspicillata bats in a peri-urban fragment of the Atlantic Forest in São Paulo. Using shotgun metagenomics, we detected Trypanosoma sequences in half of the fly samples analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed these sequences belong to the Neobat 4 clade, previously reported in Carollia sp. bats. Although streblid flies’ ability to transmit Trypanosoma is still unknown, their close connection with bats means they might be used as a non-invasive way to monitor pathogens when bat sampling is difficult. More research is needed, but this work expands what we know about the Neobat 4 clade’s geographic distribution and parasite circulation in bats and their ectoparasites.

A Natural History of Bat Foraging: Evolution, Physiology, Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation By DaniloRusso and BrockFenton (Eds.), London, United Kingdom: Academic Press. 2024. pp. 352. $150.00 (paperback). ISBN 978‐0‐323‐91820‐6

2025-06-12

Kylie F. Perez | Journal of Wildlife Management

First case report of mange in the bat Tadarida brasiliensis (Chiroptera: Molossidae) caused by Notoedres sp. (Sarcoptiformes: Sarcoptidae)

2025-06-12

Eduarda Saldanha Rieffel , Thais Fernanda de Jesus , Fabiane de Holleben Camozzato Fadrique +6 more | Journal of Medical Entomology

Abstract Tadarida brasiliensis is an insectivorous bat of the family Molossidae, occurring in Brazil, primarily in the southern and southeastern regions, forming colonies in rural and urban environments. In this … Abstract Tadarida brasiliensis is an insectivorous bat of the family Molossidae, occurring in Brazil, primarily in the southern and southeastern regions, forming colonies in rural and urban environments. In this study, we report for the first time the parasitism of the mite Notoedres sp. in T. brasiliensis in the country. Clinical examination revealed disseminated crusty papular lesions, concentrated on the face, forelimbs, hindlimbs, perianal region, and uropatagium. Histological examination showed hyperplasia of the stratum corneum with parasitic structures compatible with mites. This study highlights the importance of ectoparasite infestations in bats for the health and conservation of this species in the Pampa biome.

A physiological and histological atlas of reproduction in the North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

2025-06-05

Kathryn Wilsterman , Megan J Hemmerlein , Anna Isabel Bautista +5 more | PLoS ONE

The North American deer mouse ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) exhibits extensive diversity in morphology, physiology, and life history across its broad range. These traits have propelled the deer mouse to … The North American deer mouse ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) exhibits extensive diversity in morphology, physiology, and life history across its broad range. These traits have propelled the deer mouse to model system status across several fields within the biological sciences. Nonetheless, we still lack basic knowledge about some important aspects of this species’ biology. For example, limited information about the deer mouse’s reproductive physiology remains a significant barrier to developing genetic tools for the species and for advancing our current understanding of how this species has been so evolutionarily successful. Here, we aim to fill this knowledge gap by (1) characterizing body temperature profiles across reproductive stages and (2) generating a detailed histological atlas of placental development. We show that body temperature can be used to diagnose copulation and pregnancy in deer mice, however body temperature cannot be used to predict fertility (likelihood to breed) prior to pairing individuals. Our histological atlas of placental development represents the first day-by-day developmental timeline of the placenta in a Peromyscus species; using this atlas, we describe unique organization and behaviors of trophoblast cells in the deer mouse. Together, these descriptive datasets provide substantial new comparative data on reproductive physiology in Cricetids, and they provide a foundation for further functional work in this important model species.

Four new tube-nosed bat species of the genus Murina (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Xizang Autonomous Region, China, based on morphological and molecular data

2025-06-02

Tao Luo , Ming-Le Mao , Chang‐Ting Lan +7 more | Zoosystematics and Evolution

The genus Murina Gray, 1842, recently had four new species discovered in China over the last four years, suggesting its diversity may have been previously underestimated. Herein, we describe four … The genus Murina Gray, 1842, recently had four new species discovered in China over the last four years, suggesting its diversity may have been previously underestimated. Herein, we describe four new species— Murina beibengensis sp. nov. , Murina medogensis sp. nov. , Murina milinensis sp. nov. , and Murina yadongensis sp. nov. —based on morphological and genetic evidence from specimens collected during bat diversity surveys conducted in the Xizang Autonomous Region of China over the past three years. Each of these four new species forms an independent lineage on a phylogenetic tree reconstructed using the mitochondrial COI and Cyt b genes, and each is genetically distinct from its congeners. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from the 43 recognized congeners by features including forearm length, hair color, and skull morphology. We elevated M. huttoni rubella from a subspecies of M. huttoni to a species based on morphological and genetic evidence. The new species discussed herein increase the number of species in the genus Murina to four worldwide and from 23 to 28 in China. This study not only enriches our understanding of bat species diversity but also underscores the importance of conducting bat surveys in the specialized highland habitats of the Himalayas.

Primer registro del cuis andino, Microcavia shiptoni, en la provincia de Jujuy: ampliación de su rango geográfico y altitudinal

2025-06-01

Ezequiel A. Ibañez , Sofía Ocaranza Di Battista , Julián Hernández +4 more | Notas sobre Mamíferos Sudamericanos

El cuis andino, Microcavia shiptoni (Thomas, 1925), es un roedor caviomorfo endémico de Argentina, donde es conocido en cuatro localidades y es considerado cercano a la amenaza a nivel nacional. … El cuis andino, Microcavia shiptoni (Thomas, 1925), es un roedor caviomorfo endémico de Argentina, donde es conocido en cuatro localidades y es considerado cercano a la amenaza a nivel nacional. Presentamos un nuevo registro de la especie en las laderas del Volcán Tuzgle, en la provincia de Jujuy, basado en el análisis genético de heces. Este registro es el primero para dicha provincia y extiende su rango de ocurrencia latitudinal y altitudinal.