Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics

Human-Animal Interaction Studies

Works Count: 43831

Wikipedia

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on genetic and behavioral studies related to the domestication of dogs, including genomic analysis, animal-assisted therapy, social cognition, human-animal bond, genetic structure, oxytocin, behavioral traits, canine genetics, and an evolutionary view of domestication. The papers cover a wide range of topics such as the origin of domestic dogs, genetic evidence for dog domestication, the impact of pets on human health and psychological well-being, and the cognitive evolution in captive foxes as a correlated by-product of experimental domestication.

Keywords

Dog Domestication; Genomic Analysis; Animal-Assisted Therapy; Social Cognition; Human-Animal Bond; Genetic Structure; Oxytocin; Behavioral Traits; Canine Genetics; Evolutionary View

Risk factors for relinquishment of dogs to an animal shelter

1996-08-01

Gary J. Patronek , Lawrence T. Glickman , Alan M. Beck +2 more

Objective To identify canine and household characteristics associated with relinquishment of a pet dog to an animal shelter. Design Case-control study. Sample Population Households that relinquished dogs for adoption (case … Objective To identify canine and household characteristics associated with relinquishment of a pet dog to an animal shelter. Design Case-control study. Sample Population Households that relinquished dogs for adoption (case households) and a random sample of current dog-owning households in the same community (control households). Results Potentially modifiable factors that explained the highest proportion of relinquishment were owners not participating in dog obedience classes after acquisition, lack of veterinary care, owning a sexually intact dog, inappropriate care expectations, and dogs having daily or weekly inappropriate elimination. Dogs obtained from shelters, kept in crates, or acquired at ≥ 6 months of age were at increased risk of relinquishment. Greater purchase price was associated with decreased risk of relinquishment, but relinquishment was not associated with the degree of planning to acquire the dog. Dogs with behavioral problems and little veterinary care were at greater risk of relinquishment than were dogs with regular veterinary care, and behavioral problems were associated with inappropriate care expectations. Clinical Implications Risk factors identified in this study can be modified by dog owners and veterinarians to decrease the estimated 2 million dogs euthanatized annually in animal shelters. Veterinarians should educate owners about typical dog behavior, routine care requirements and training, and the importance of regular veterinary visits; should incorporate wellness concepts in their practice; and should focus on preventive medicine and behavioral consultation. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996,209:572-581)

View PDF Chat

Handbook on animal-assisted therapy. Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice

2010-01-01

Aubrey H. Fine

Genetics and the Social Behavior of the Dog

1965-08-01

Fbederick P. Gault

Stress and Animal Welfare

2019-01-01

Donald M. Broom , Ken G. Johnson

Parental Care in Mammals

1981-01-01

David J. Gubernick , Peter H. Klopfer

Animal-Assisted Therapy: A Meta-Analysis

2007-08-01

Janelle Nimer , Brad Lundahl

ABSTRACTAnimal-assisted therapy (AAT) has been practiced for many years and there is now increasing interest in demonstrating its efficacy through research. To date, no known quantitative review of AAT studies … ABSTRACTAnimal-assisted therapy (AAT) has been practiced for many years and there is now increasing interest in demonstrating its efficacy through research. To date, no known quantitative review of AAT studies has been published; our study sought to fill this gap. We conducted a comprehensive search of articles reporting on AAT in which we reviewed 250 studies, 49 of which met our inclusion criteria and were submitted to meta-analytic procedures. Overall, AAT was associated with moderate effect sizes in improving outcomes in four areas: Autism-spectrum symptoms, medical difficulties, behavioral problems, and emotional well-being. Contrary to expectations, characteristics of participants and studies did not produce differential outcomes. AAT shows promise as an additive to established interventions and future research should investigate the conditions under which AAT can be most helpful.Keywords: AATanimal-assisted therapymeta-analysis

A Simple Reason for a Big Difference

2003-04-01

Ádám Miklósi , Enikő Kubinyi , József Topál +3 more

View PDF Chat

Pupil Size as Related to Interest Value of Visual Stimuli

1960-08-05

Eckhard H. Hess , James M. Polt

Increases in the size of the pupil of the eye have been found to accompany the viewing of emotionally toned or interesting visual stimuli. A technique for recording such changes … Increases in the size of the pupil of the eye have been found to accompany the viewing of emotionally toned or interesting visual stimuli. A technique for recording such changes has been developed, and preliminary results with cats and human beings are reported with attention being given to differences between the sexes in response to particular types of material.

Multiple and Ancient Origins of the Domestic Dog

1997-06-13

Carles Vilà , Peter Savolainen , Jesús E. Maldonado +6 more

Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences were analyzed from 162 wolves at 27 localities worldwide and from 140 domestic dogs representing 67 breeds. Sequences from both dogs and wolves showed considerable … Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences were analyzed from 162 wolves at 27 localities worldwide and from 140 domestic dogs representing 67 breeds. Sequences from both dogs and wolves showed considerable diversity and supported the hypothesis that wolves were the ancestors of dogs. Most dog sequences belonged to a divergent monophyletic clade sharing no sequences with wolves. The sequence divergence within this clade suggested that dogs originated more than 100,000 years before the present. Associations of dog haplotypes with other wolf lineages indicated episodes of admixture between wolves and dogs. Repeated genetic exchange between dog and wolf populations may have been an important source of variation for artificial selection.

Chimpanzees understand psychological states – the question is which ones and to what extent

2003-04-01

Michael Tomasello , Josep Call , Brian Hare

Cognitive bias as an indicator of animal emotion and welfare: Emerging evidence and underlying mechanisms

2009-03-23

Michael Mendl , Oliver H. P. Burman , Randall M. Parker +1 more

Dogs as catalysts for social interactions: Robustness of the effect

2000-02-01

June McNicholas , Glyn M. Collis

It is known that pet dogs can act as catalysts for human social interactions, and it has been suggested that this may enhance feelings of well‐being. Two studies were carried … It is known that pet dogs can act as catalysts for human social interactions, and it has been suggested that this may enhance feelings of well‐being. Two studies were carried out to establish the robustness of this effect. In Study 1, a highly trained dog was used to ensure that the dog itself did not solicit attention from passers‐by, and data were collected across a range of normal daily activities in which a dog could be included, not confined to conventional dog walking areas as in previous studies. Being accompanied by a dog increased the frequency of social interactions, especially interactions with strangers. In Study 2, also using a trained dog, a different (male) participant observer was dressed either smartly or scruffily. Although there were significantly more interactions when he was smartly dressed, the greatest effect was between the Dog present and No Dog conditions irrespective of the handler's dress. It is concluded that the social catalysis effect is very robust, which opens the way for investigating possible consequences of the effect for wellbeing and health.

A Single <i>IGF1</i> Allele Is a Major Determinant of Small Size in Dogs

2007-04-05

Nathan B. Sutter , Carlos D. Bustamante , Kevin Chase +7 more

The domestic dog exhibits greater diversity in body size than any other terrestrial vertebrate. We used a strategy that exploits the breed structure of dogs to investigate the genetic basis … The domestic dog exhibits greater diversity in body size than any other terrestrial vertebrate. We used a strategy that exploits the breed structure of dogs to investigate the genetic basis of size. First, through a genome-wide scan, we identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 15 influencing size variation within a single breed. Second, we examined genetic variation in the 15-megabase interval surrounding the QTL in small and giant breeds and found marked evidence for a selective sweep spanning a single gene (IGF1), encoding insulin-like growth factor 1. A single IGF1 single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotype is common to all small breeds and nearly absent from giant breeds, suggesting that the same causal sequence variant is a major contributor to body size in all small dogs.

View PDF Chat

"Derived" Activities; Their Causation, Biological Significance, Origin, and Emancipation During Evolution

1952-03-01

N. Tinbergen

Neurophysiological Correlates of Affiliative Behaviour between Humans and Dogs

2003-04-07

J.S.J. Odendaal , R.A. Meintjes

Mirror self-recognition in the bottlenose dolphin: A case of cognitive convergence

2001-05-01

Diana Reiss , Lori Marino

The ability to recognize oneself in a mirror is an exceedingly rare capacity in the animal kingdom. To date, only humans and great apes have shown convincing evidence of mirror … The ability to recognize oneself in a mirror is an exceedingly rare capacity in the animal kingdom. To date, only humans and great apes have shown convincing evidence of mirror self-recognition. Two dolphins were exposed to reflective surfaces, and both demonstrated responses consistent with the use of the mirror to investigate marked parts of the body. This ability to use a mirror to inspect parts of the body is a striking example of evolutionary convergence with great apes and humans.

View PDF Chat

Animal play and animal welfare

2011-03-07

Suzanne Held , Marek Špinka

In the Company of Animals: A Study of Human-Animal Relationships

1988-01-01

Myrdene Anderson , James A. Serpell

Part I. A Paradox: 1. Of pigs and pets Part II. The Case Against Pets: 2. Substitutes for people 3. Instruments of follie 4. Pets in tribal societies 5. A … Part I. A Paradox: 1. Of pigs and pets Part II. The Case Against Pets: 2. Substitutes for people 3. Instruments of follie 4. Pets in tribal societies 5. A cuckoo in the nest Part III. An Alternative View: 6. Pets as panacea 7. Health and friendship 8. Four-legged friends Part IV. Exploitation and Sympathy: A Conflict of Interests: 9. The myth of human supremacy 10. Killer with a conscience 11. Licensed to kill 12. The fall from grace.

The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet

2013-01-22

Erik Axelsson , Abhirami Ratnakumar , Maja L. Arendt +7 more

Genome-wide SNP and haplotype analyses reveal a rich history underlying dog domestication

2010-03-17

Bridgett M. vonHoldt , John P. Pollinger , Kirk E. Lohmueller +7 more

View PDF Chat

From wild animals to domestic pets, an evolutionary view of domestication

2009-06-16

Carlos A. Driscoll , David W. Macdonald , Stephen J. O’Brien

Artificial selection is the selection of advantageous natural variation for human ends and is the mechanism by which most domestic species evolved. Most domesticates have their origin in one of … Artificial selection is the selection of advantageous natural variation for human ends and is the mechanism by which most domestic species evolved. Most domesticates have their origin in one of a few historic centers of domestication as farm animals. Two notable exceptions are cats and dogs. Wolf domestication was initiated late in the Mesolithic when humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers. Those wolves less afraid of humans scavenged nomadic hunting camps and over time developed utility, initially as guards warning of approaching animals or other nomadic bands and soon thereafter as hunters, an attribute tuned by artificial selection. The first domestic cats had limited utility and initiated their domestication among the earliest agricultural Neolithic settlements in the Near East. Wildcat domestication occurred through a self-selective process in which behavioral reproductive isolation evolved as a correlated character of assortative mating coupled to habitat choice for urban environments. Eurasian wildcats initiated domestication and their evolution to companion animals was initially a process of natural, rather than artificial, selection over time driven during their sympatry with forbear wildcats.

View PDF Chat

Molecular origins of rapid and continuous morphological evolution

2004-12-13

John W. Fondon , Harold R. Garner

Mutations in cis-regulatory sequences have been implicated as being the predominant source of variation in morphological evolution. We offer a hypothesis that gene-associated tandem repeat expansions and contractions are a … Mutations in cis-regulatory sequences have been implicated as being the predominant source of variation in morphological evolution. We offer a hypothesis that gene-associated tandem repeat expansions and contractions are a major source of phenotypic variation in evolution. Here, we describe a comparative genomic study of repetitive elements in developmental genes of 92 breeds of dogs. We find evidence for selection for divergence at coding repeat loci in the form of both elevated purity and extensive length polymorphism among different breeds. Variations in the number of repeats in the coding regions of the Alx-4 (aristaless-like 4) and Runx-2 (runt-related transcription factor 2) genes were quantitatively associated with significant differences in limb and skull morphology. We identified similar repeat length variation in the coding repeats of Runx-2, Twist, and Dlx-2 in several other species. The high frequency and incremental effects of repeat length mutations provide molecular explanations for swift, yet topologically conservative morphological evolution.

View PDF Chat

Genetic Evidence for an East Asian Origin of Domestic Dogs

2002-11-21

Peter Savolainen , Ya‐Ping Zhang , Jing Luo +2 more

The origin of the domestic dog from wolves has been established, but the number of founding events, as well as where and when these occurred, is not known. To address … The origin of the domestic dog from wolves has been established, but the number of founding events, as well as where and when these occurred, is not known. To address these questions, we examined the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation among 654 domestic dogs representing all major dog populations worldwide. Although our data indicate several maternal origins from wolf, >95% of all sequences belonged to three phylogenetic groups universally represented at similar frequencies, suggesting a common origin from a single gene pool for all dog populations. A larger genetic variation in East Asia than in other regions and the pattern of phylogeographic variation suggest an East Asian origin for the domestic dog, approximately 15,000 years ago.

Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals

1988-06-01

Benjamin L. Hart

The Domestication of Social Cognition in Dogs

2002-11-21

Brian Hare , Michelle Brown , Christina Williamson +1 more

Dogs are more skillful than great apes at a number of tasks in which they must read human communicative signals indicating the location of hidden food. In this study, we … Dogs are more skillful than great apes at a number of tasks in which they must read human communicative signals indicating the location of hidden food. In this study, we found that wolves who were raised by humans do not show these same skills, whereas domestic dog puppies only a few weeks old, even those that have had little human contact, do show these skills. These findings suggest that during the process of domestication, dogs have been selected for a set of social-cognitive abilities that enable them to communicate with humans in unique ways.

View PDF Chat

Development and validation of a questionnaire for measuring behavior and temperament traits in pet dogs

2003-11-01

Yuying Hsu , James A. Serpell

Abstract Objective —To develop and validate a questionnaire to assess behavior and temperament traits of pet dogs. Design —Cross-sectional survey of dog owners. Animals —1,851 dogs belonging to clients of … Abstract Objective —To develop and validate a questionnaire to assess behavior and temperament traits of pet dogs. Design —Cross-sectional survey of dog owners. Animals —1,851 dogs belonging to clients of a veterinary teaching hospital or members of national breed clubs and 203 dogs examined by canine behavior practitioners because of behavior problems. Procedure —Owners were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of 152 items eliciting information on how dogs responded to specific events and situations in their usual environment. Data from completed questionnaires were subjected to factor analysis, and the resulting factors were tested for reliability and validity. Results —Factor analysis yielded 11 factors from 68 of the original questionnaire items that together accounted for 57% of the common variance in questionnaire item scores. Reliability was acceptable for all but 1 of these factors. Behavior problems in 200 of the 203 dogs with behavior problems could be assigned to 7 diagnostic categories that matched 7 of the factors identified during factor analysis of questionnaire responses. Dogs assigned to particular diagnostic categories had significantly higher scores for corresponding questionnaire factors than did those assigned to unrelated diagnostic categories, indicating that the factors were valid .Validity of the remaining 4 factors could not be examined because of a lack of information on dogs with behavior problems related to these factors. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Findings suggest that the resulting 68-item questionnaire is a reliable and valid method of assessing behavior and temperament traits in dogs. The questionnaire may be useful in screening dogs for behavior problems and in evaluating the clinical effects of various treatments for behavior problems. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;223: 1293–1300)

Failure to escape traumatic shock.

1967-01-01

Martin E. P. Seligman , Steven F. Maier

Dogs which had 1st learned to panel press in a harness in order to escape shock subsequently showed normal acquisition of escape/ avoidance behavior in a shuttle box.In contrast, yoked, … Dogs which had 1st learned to panel press in a harness in order to escape shock subsequently showed normal acquisition of escape/ avoidance behavior in a shuttle box.In contrast, yoked, inescapable shock in the harness produced profound interference with subsequent escape responding in the shuttle box.Initial experience with escape in the shuttle box led to enhanced panel pressing during inescapable shock in the harness and prevented interference with later responding in the shuttle box.Inescapable shock in the harness and failure to escape in the shuttle box produced interference with escape responding after a 7-day rest.These results were interpreted as supporting a learned "helplessness" explanation of interference with escape responding: Ss failed to escape shock in the shuttle box following inescapable shock in the harness because they had learned that shock termination was independent of responding.Overmier and Seligman (1967) have shown that the prior exposure of dogs to inescapable shock in a Pavlovian harness reliably results in interference with subsequent escape/avoidance learning in a shuttle box.Typically, these dogs do not even escape from

View PDF Chat

Animal evolution during domestication: the domesticated fox as a model

2009-03-01

Lyudmila N. Trut , I. N. Oskina , Anastasiya V. Kharlamova

Abstract We review the evolution of domestic animals, emphasizing the effect of the earliest steps of domestication on its course. Using the first domesticated species, the dog ( Canis familiaris … Abstract We review the evolution of domestic animals, emphasizing the effect of the earliest steps of domestication on its course. Using the first domesticated species, the dog ( Canis familiaris ), for illustration, we describe the evolutionary peculiarities during the historical domestication, such as the high level and wide range of diversity. We suggest that the process of earliest domestication via unconscious and later conscious selection of human‐defined behavioral traits may accelerate phenotypic variations. The review is based on the results of a long‐term experiment designed to reproduce early mammalian domestication in the silver fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) selected for tameability or amenability to domestication. We describe changes in behavior, morphology and physiology that appeared in the fox during its selection for tameability, which were similar to those observed in the domestic dog. Based on the data of the fox experiment and survey of relevant data, we discuss the developmental, genetic and possible molecular genetic mechanisms underlying these changes. We ascribe the causative role in evolutionary transformation of domestic animals to the selection for behavior and to the neurospecific regulatory genes it affects.

View PDF Chat

The Near Eastern Origin of Cat Domestication

2007-06-29

Carlos A. Driscoll , Marilyn Menotti‐Raymond , Alfred L. Roca +7 more

The world's domestic cats carry patterns of sequence variation in their genome that reflect a history of domestication and breed development. A genetic assessment of 979 domestic cats and their … The world's domestic cats carry patterns of sequence variation in their genome that reflect a history of domestication and breed development. A genetic assessment of 979 domestic cats and their wild progenitors-Felis silvestris silvestris (European wildcat), F. s. lybica (Near Eastern wildcat), F. s. ornata (central Asian wildcat), F. s. cafra (southern African wildcat), and F. s. bieti (Chinese desert cat)-indicated that each wild group represents a distinctive subspecies of Felis silvestris. Further analysis revealed that cats were domesticated in the Near East, probably coincident with agricultural village development in the Fertile Crescent. Domestic cats derive from at least five founders from across this region, whose descendants were transported across the world by human assistance.

View PDF Chat

Friends with benefits: On the positive consequences of pet ownership.

2011-01-01

Allen R. McConnell , Christina M. Brown , Tonya M. Shoda +2 more

Social support is critical for psychological and physical well-being, reflecting the centrality of belongingness in our lives.Human interactions often provide people with considerable social support, but can pets also fulfill … Social support is critical for psychological and physical well-being, reflecting the centrality of belongingness in our lives.Human interactions often provide people with considerable social support, but can pets also fulfill one's social needs?Although there is correlational evidence that pets may help individuals facing significant life stressors, little is known about the well-being benefits of pets for everyday people.Study 1 found in a community sample that pet owners fared better on several well-being (e.g., greater self-esteem, more exercise) and individual-difference (e.g., greater conscientiousness, less fearful attachment) measures.Study 2 assessed a different community sample and found that owners enjoyed better well-being when their pets fulfilled social needs better, and the support that pets provided complemented rather than competed with human sources.Finally, Study 3 brought pet owners into the laboratory and experimentally demonstrated the ability of pets to stave off negativity caused by social rejection.In summary, pets can serve as important sources of social support, providing many positive psychological and physical benefits for their owners.

View PDF Chat

Genetic Structure of the Purebred Domestic Dog

2004-05-20

Heidi G. Parker , Lisa V. Kim , Nathan B. Sutter +7 more

We used molecular markers to study genetic relationships in a diverse collection of 85 domestic dog breeds. Differences among breeds accounted for ∼30% of genetic variation. Microsatellite genotypes were used … We used molecular markers to study genetic relationships in a diverse collection of 85 domestic dog breeds. Differences among breeds accounted for ∼30% of genetic variation. Microsatellite genotypes were used to correctly assign 99% of individual dogs to breeds. Phylogenetic analysis separated several breeds with ancient origins from the remaining breeds with modern European origins. We identified four genetic clusters, which predominantly contained breeds with similar geographic origin, morphology, or role in human activities. These results provide a genetic classification of dog breeds and will aid studies of the genetics of phenotypic breed differences.

The Call of the Wild: Zookeepers, Callings, and the Double-edged Sword of Deeply Meaningful Work

2009-03-01

J. Stuart Bunderson , Jeffery A. Thompson

A qualitative examination of work meaning in the zoo-keeping profession pointed to the centrality of the notion of work as a personal calling. The view of calling expressed by zookeepers, … A qualitative examination of work meaning in the zoo-keeping profession pointed to the centrality of the notion of work as a personal calling. The view of calling expressed by zookeepers, however, was closer in basic structure to the classical conceptualization of the Protestant reformers than it was to more recent formulations. We used qualitative data from interviews with U.S. zookeepers to develop hypotheses about the implications of this neoclassical conceptualization of calling for the relationship between individuals and their work. We found that a neoclassical calling is both binding and ennobling. On one hand, zookeepers with a sense of calling strongly identified with and found broader meaning and significance in their work and occupation. On the other hand, they were more likely to see their work as a moral duty, to sacrifice pay, personal time, and comfort for their work, and to hold their zoo to a higher standard. Results of a survey of zookeepers from 157 different zoos in the U.S. and Canada supported the hypotheses from our emergent theory. These results reveal the ways in which deeply meaningful work can become a double-edged sword.

Human-like social skills in dogs?

2005-08-04

Brian Hare , Michael Tomasello

Behavioural, saliva cortisol and heart rate responses to different types of stimuli in dogs

1998-07-01

B. Beerda , Matthijs B.H. Schilder , Jan A. R. A. M. van Hooff +2 more

When We Need A Human: Motivational Determinants of Anthropomorphism

2008-04-01

Nicholas Epley , Adam Waytz , Scott Akalis +1 more

We propose that the tendency to anthropomorphize nonhuman agents is determined primarily by three factors (Epley, Waytz, & Cacioppo, 2007), two of which we test here: sociality motivation and effectance … We propose that the tendency to anthropomorphize nonhuman agents is determined primarily by three factors (Epley, Waytz, & Cacioppo, 2007), two of which we test here: sociality motivation and effectance motivation. This theory makes unique predictions about dispositional, situational, cultural, and developmental variability in anthropomorphism, and we test two predictions about dispositional and situational influences stemming from both of these motivations. In particular, we test whether those who are dispositionally lonely (sociality motivation) are more likely to anthropomorphize well–known pets (Study 1), and whether those who have a stable need for control (effectance motivation) are more likely to anthropomorphize apparently unpredictable animals (Study 2). Both studies are consistent with our predictions. We suggest that this theory of anthropomorphism can help to explain when people are likely to attribute humanlike traits to nonhuman agents, and provides insight into the inverse process of dehumanization in which people fail to attribute human characteristics to other humans.

Genome Sequencing Highlights the Dynamic Early History of Dogs

2014-01-16

Adam H. Freedman , Ilan Gronau , Rena M. Schweizer +7 more

To identify genetic changes underlying dog domestication and reconstruct their early evolutionary history, we generated high-quality genome sequences from three gray wolves, one from each of the three putative centers … To identify genetic changes underlying dog domestication and reconstruct their early evolutionary history, we generated high-quality genome sequences from three gray wolves, one from each of the three putative centers of dog domestication, two basal dog lineages (Basenji and Dingo) and a golden jackal as an outgroup. Analysis of these sequences supports a demographic model in which dogs and wolves diverged through a dynamic process involving population bottlenecks in both lineages and post-divergence gene flow. In dogs, the domestication bottleneck involved at least a 16-fold reduction in population size, a much more severe bottleneck than estimated previously. A sharp bottleneck in wolves occurred soon after their divergence from dogs, implying that the pool of diversity from which dogs arose was substantially larger than represented by modern wolf populations. We narrow the plausible range for the date of initial dog domestication to an interval spanning 11–16 thousand years ago, predating the rise of agriculture. In light of this finding, we expand upon previous work regarding the increase in copy number of the amylase gene (AMY2B) in dogs, which is believed to have aided digestion of starch in agricultural refuse. We find standing variation for amylase copy number variation in wolves and little or no copy number increase in the Dingo and Husky lineages. In conjunction with the estimated timing of dog origins, these results provide additional support to archaeological finds, suggesting the earliest dogs arose alongside hunter-gathers rather than agriculturists. Regarding the geographic origin of dogs, we find that, surprisingly, none of the extant wolf lineages from putative domestication centers is more closely related to dogs, and, instead, the sampled wolves form a sister monophyletic clade. This result, in combination with dog-wolf admixture during the process of domestication, suggests that a re-evaluation of past hypotheses regarding dog origins is necessary.

View PDF Chat

The “Domestication Syndrome” in Mammals: A Unified Explanation Based on Neural Crest Cell Behavior and Genetics

2014-07-01

Adam S. Wilkins , Richard W. Wrangham , W. Tecumseh Fitch

Charles Darwin, while trying to devise a general theory of heredity from the observations of animal and plant breeders, discovered that domesticated mammals possess a distinctive and unusual suite of … Charles Darwin, while trying to devise a general theory of heredity from the observations of animal and plant breeders, discovered that domesticated mammals possess a distinctive and unusual suite of heritable traits not seen in their wild progenitors. Some of these traits also appear in domesticated birds and fish. The origin of Darwin's "domestication syndrome" has remained a conundrum for more than 140 years. Most explanations focus on particular traits, while neglecting others, or on the possible selective factors involved in domestication rather than the underlying developmental and genetic causes of these traits. Here, we propose that the domestication syndrome results predominantly from mild neural crest cell deficits during embryonic development. Most of the modified traits, both morphological and physiological, can be readily explained as direct consequences of such deficiencies, while other traits are explicable as indirect consequences. We first show how the hypothesis can account for the multiple, apparently unrelated traits of the syndrome and then explore its genetic dimensions and predictions, reviewing the available genetic evidence. The article concludes with a brief discussion of some genetic and developmental questions raised by the idea, along with specific predictions and experimental tests.

View PDF Chat

Acoustic trauma in cats. Cochlear pathology and auditory-nerve activity.

1978-01-01

M. Charles Liberman , Sacha B. Nelson

Social determinants of health and survival in humans and other animals

2020-05-21

Noah Snyder‐Mackler , Joseph R. Burger , Lauren Gaydosh +7 more

Social animals need connection Much research over the past decade or so has revealed that health and lifespan in humans, highly social animals, are reduced with social adversity. We humans … Social animals need connection Much research over the past decade or so has revealed that health and lifespan in humans, highly social animals, are reduced with social adversity. We humans are not the only animals that are social, however, and similar research has shown that other social mammals are similarly influenced by isolation and adversity. Snyder-Mackler et al. reviewed the relationships between social environment and many aspects of health and well-being across nonhuman mammals and investigated the similarities between these and patterns in humans. They found many of the same threats and responses across social mammals. Science , this issue p. eaax9553

Development and validation of a body condition score system for dogs

1997-07-01

Dorothy P. Laflamme

Early Canid Domestication: The Farm-Fox Experiment

1999-01-01

Lyudmila N. Trut

The African Wild Dog

2002-12-31

Scott Creel , Nancy Marusha Creel

Wild cats status survey and conservation action plan

1996-01-01

Kristin Nowell , Peter Jackson

Presents the most comprehensive and up-to-date information available on the 36 wild cats of the world. It includes the first published collection of detailed range maps and some of the … Presents the most comprehensive and up-to-date information available on the 36 wild cats of the world. It includes the first published collection of detailed range maps and some of the first photographs of rare species in the wild. It provides a thorough review of major issues in cat conservation such as habitat loss and management of big cats in livestock areas; field and laboratory research; international trade; the role of zoos; and reintroduction. High priority are identified to further the cause of cat conservation

The Domestic dog: its evolution, behaviour, and interactions with people

1996-06-01

Williams , C Timothy

Showing—intentional communication—in dogs (Canis familiaris)

2025-06-25

Marianne T. E. Heberlein , Lina Oberließen , Zsófia Virányi +2 more | Frontiers in Psychology

Introduction The characterization of imperative pointing as intentional communication, aimed at eliciting specific actions from a partner, has been debated, with some suggesting it reflects an understanding of others as … Introduction The characterization of imperative pointing as intentional communication, aimed at eliciting specific actions from a partner, has been debated, with some suggesting it reflects an understanding of others as causal agents rather than attributing intentional states to them. While gaze alternation has been identified as an important form of intentional communication in humans and apes, its interpretation in dogs remains unclear. Methods This research investigates dogs’ capacity for gaze alternation and other showing behaviors, examining their flexibility in adjusting to the cooperativeness or knowledge state of their human partners. Two experiments were conducted: (1) hiding food in the presence of dogs either with or without their owners observing the hiding procedure, and (2) hiding food in the presence of dogs and a cooperative or a competitive human partner. In the first experiment the behaviors of 21 dogs and in the second experiment 23 dogs were analyzed. Results Dogs exhibited more gaze alternation and food-directed showing behaviors when their owner lacked knowledge of the food location and in the presence of a cooperative partner. Conversely, they showed an empty hiding place to the competitive partner, suggesting an understanding of the partner’s intention to consume the hidden reward. Discussion In the two independent experiments, we showed how flexibly dogs adapt their showing behavior to the knowledge or expected behavior of their human partners. These findings confirm dogs’ comprehension of the informative value of their behavior, suggesting that their showing behavior is a form of intentional communication.

Using livestreaming technology to connect the public with secretive and maligned animals

2025-06-24

Owen M. Bachhuber , Melanie Roberts , Ryan M. Singer +5 more | Frontiers in Amphibian and Reptile Science

As people become increasingly disconnected from nature, novel approaches are needed to facilitate empathy and conservation action for wildlife. Recent advances in livestreaming cameras enable the public’s observation of wild … As people become increasingly disconnected from nature, novel approaches are needed to facilitate empathy and conservation action for wildlife. Recent advances in livestreaming cameras enable the public’s observation of wild animals in real time and facilitate engagement in community science. In 2024, we launched an off-grid livestreaming camera at a rattlesnake mega-den in Colorado, where hundreds of snakes emerge in the spring and dozens of females rest for the summer and prepare to give birth in the fall. This paper provides the first detailed description of the equipment and setup needed for remote, off-grid camera livestreaming. The camera continually streamed live to YouTube over the snakes’ active season (May 15 through November 5). During this time, a group of students and volunteers operated the camera and moderated a live-chat by interacting with viewers and answering questions. YouTube comments reflected a feeling of community among the viewers, and many of them contributed to data collection from the livestream as community scientists. Media coverage of the livestream resulted in increased viewership. Livestreaming technology shows great potential for showcasing animal aggregations, connecting the public with nature and scientific research, and improving the public perceptions of unpopular animals like rattlesnakes.

Confronting the Challenge: Integrated Approaches to Mitigate the Impact of Free-Ranging Dogs on Wildlife Conservation

2025-06-23

Reuven Yosef | Conservation

Free-ranging dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) pose a significant but often overlooked threat to wildlife populations and global conservation efforts while also having the potential to contribute positively to conservation initiatives. … Free-ranging dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) pose a significant but often overlooked threat to wildlife populations and global conservation efforts while also having the potential to contribute positively to conservation initiatives. As generalist predators and scavengers, these adaptable animals can lead to biodiversity loss through predation, disease transmission, competition, and behavioral disruption of native species. This review synthesizes global studies on their ecological impact, highlighting notable cases of predation on endangered species, such as the markhor (Capra falconeri cashmiriensis) in Pakistan and elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) in Mexico, as well as the spread of zoonotic diseases like Echinococcus spp. and canine distemper. A growing concern is hybridization between free-ranging dogs and wild canids. Such genetic mixing can erode local adaptations, reduce genetic purity, and undermine conservation efforts for wild canid populations. Current management strategies—including lethal control, trap–neuter–release, and vaccination—have produced mixed results and face challenges related to data limitations, regional variability, and cultural barriers. This review advocates for integrated, context-specific management approaches that consider ecological, social, and economic dimensions. Future research should prioritize standardized definitions and data collection, long-term evaluation of intervention effectiveness, and the socio-economic drivers of dog–wildlife interactions to develop sustainable solutions for mitigating the multifaceted threats imposed by free-ranging dogs to global diversity.

Exploring the impact of a brief positive experience on dogs’ performance and stress resilience during a learning task

2025-06-23

Julia Miller , Camila Cavalli , Amin Azadian +1 more | PLoS ONE

Learning and stress resilience can be influenced by recent experiences. Research has traditionally focused on the effects of negative situations and stressors on subsequent learning and stress resilience, while knowledge … Learning and stress resilience can be influenced by recent experiences. Research has traditionally focused on the effects of negative situations and stressors on subsequent learning and stress resilience, while knowledge is limited regarding the effects of positive experiences. We aimed to examine the impact of a pre-session brief positive experience on dogs' learning and stress resilience. Pet dogs were quasi-randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 20) or control (n = 20) group, counterbalanced for age, sex, and breed clade. Experimental dogs received a session intended to provide a positive experience, which included a 15 min walk on a long leash, human interaction, exploration, playing, and olfactory-based foraging. Control dogs were kept on leash in an office without being allowed to explore nor interact with their owner or the experimenters for 15 min. After 60 s of habituation to the testing room, all dogs were taught to nose-touch the experimenter's hand. After the Learning phase, there was a 2 min Disruption phase, in which a remote-controlled car moved inside of a tub at a distance. Measures included the number of hand touches in each phase, the latency to return to the task, and general stress and affiliative behaviours. No differences were observed in the Learning phase. Surprisingly, experimental dogs exhibited higher stress levels than control dogs during the Disruption phase. These dogs also spent a significantly higher proportion of time in proximity to their owners, which could be interpreted as reassurance-seeking behaviour. Contrary to our predictions, exposure to a brief positive experience did not impact learning and, surprisingly, seemed to have made dogs more susceptible to stress during the Disruption phase. Several possible explanations are discussed, including the possibility of an unintentional induction of a negative emotional state by the termination of the positive experience, as well as differences in arousal, or habituation to the indoor environment.

Correlation between quality of life of elderly people and presence of pets

2025-06-23

Fabricio Luiz Coli Faggioni , Lilian Cristina Gomes do Nascimento , DANILO CANDIDO BULGO +5 more | Caderno Pedagógico

The presence of pets in elderly people's homes has often been associated with emotional and social benefits, raising the question of the influence of these animals on the quality of … The presence of pets in elderly people's homes has often been associated with emotional and social benefits, raising the question of the influence of these animals on the quality of life of elderly people. Thus, the objective of the present study was to verify whether there is a correlation between the quality of life of elderly people and the presence of pets. To obtain the data, two questionnaires were applied, one with sociodemographic questions, and the other regarding the analysis of quality of life, through the Whoqol-bref and Whoqol-old questionnaires to 303 elderly individuals from a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo (Franca). The analysis of the Whoqol-Bref and Whoqol-old scores revealed no significant correlations between the ownership of pets and quality of life in the physical, psychological, social relationships and environmental domains. However, there was a significant difference in the "Death and dying" facet of the Whoqol-old (p = 0.0093), where participants with pets had higher scores, suggesting a better perception in dealing with issues related to death. The other correlations between pet ownership and quality of life scores were weak or nonexistent. Although pet ownership is valued by many participants, there was no measurable direct influence on perceived quality of life. The present study highlights the need for a broader approach when assessing the quality of life of older adults, considering multiple factors beyond the simple presence of pets.

Measuring Connections Between Children and Pets: Development of the Child–Dog Engagement Scale and Child–Cat Engagement Scale

2025-06-22

Deanna L. Tepper , Tiffani J. Howell , Pauleen C. Bennett | Animals

As more families expand to include pets, it is important to explore how children interact and engage with them. While the past literature has focused on children’s involvement in animal-assisted … As more families expand to include pets, it is important to explore how children interact and engage with them. While the past literature has focused on children’s involvement in animal-assisted therapy or their relationships with assistance animals, their everyday relationships with pets remain understudied. Following expert discussion and focus groups, a sample of 319 parents/guardians completed a questionnaire on their child’s relationship with their pet. Analysis of the data resulted in the development of a 38-item Child–Dog Engagement Scale (C-DES) and a 29-item Child–Cat Engagement Scale (C-CES). Each of these measures three factors: Emotional Attachment, Engagement, and Challenges. The development of parallel child–dog and child–cat scales offers a way to measure children’s relationships across these species, while accounting for the different needs of these animals and the unique ways that children may interact and care for them. The scales therefore provide a foundation for future research exploring how children’s relationships with both cats and dogs may contribute to their development.

Goodbye to the infamous Kept Animals Bill

2025-06-20

Fiona Shuttleworth , Lord Trees | Veterinary Record

Abstract Fiona Shuttleworth , parliamentary veterinary intern to Lord Trees , discusses recent developments to not only strengthen protections for animals but also enhance the enforcement of legislation. Abstract Fiona Shuttleworth , parliamentary veterinary intern to Lord Trees , discusses recent developments to not only strengthen protections for animals but also enhance the enforcement of legislation.

Ben Fogle announced as patron of Sri Lankan street dog charity

2025-06-20

| Veterinary Record

To chew or not to chew? Exploring the influence of scented chew toys on puppy chewing

2025-06-20

Rituparna Sonowal , Nathaniel J. Hall , Anastasia C. Stellato | Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

Introduction Chewing and mouthing are natural oral behaviors in dogs, particularly during puppyhood, yet owners report these as nuisance behaviors. The provision of appropriate enrichment items, such as scented chew … Introduction Chewing and mouthing are natural oral behaviors in dogs, particularly during puppyhood, yet owners report these as nuisance behaviors. The provision of appropriate enrichment items, such as scented chew toys, are often recommended to reduce these undesirable behaviors. Nevertheless, the influence of providing scented chew toys on chewing and mouthing behavior in puppies has not been investigated. Methods We collected data on engagement levels in dogs ( N = 29) with commercially available rubber chew toys during two 5-min sessions in an observation room, with each dog interacting with both toy types (non-scented, peanut butter-scented with squeaker) on separate days. Following the sessions, dogs were randomly assigned to be provided with either the non-scented ( N = 15; control) and scented squeaker toy ( N = 14) for 1 week in their household. Before and after the 1-week period, owners filled out an online questionnaire detailing how often their dog engaged in chewing and mouthing behaviors at home and they rated their agreement with various statements about their dog’s chewing behavior. Results During observation sessions, puppies spent more time interacting with ( p = 0.02) and sniffing ( p &lt; 0.0001) the peanut butter-scented squeaker toy in comparison to the non-scented toy. The frequency of owner’s prompting the dog to engage with the toy during the observation sessions was higher for the non-scented toy than the peanut butter-scented squeaker toy ( p &lt; 0.0001). Descriptive statistics reveal that owners in the non-scented group were more likely to agree that their dog’s mouthing or nipping was problematic in the second survey (61.5%, + 16%) compared to the initial survey (45.5%), while owners in the scented group were less likely to agree (41.6%, –28.4%) compared to the initial survey (70%). Owner reports suggest no changes in the frequency of dogs chewing on undesired items and mouthing or nipping on body parts during the 1-week period for either toy type. Discussion The findings suggest that scent can enhance engagement with chew toys, and although chew toys did not influence owner perceptions, future research should evaluate the use of structured owner-implemented training strategies on mitigating unwanted chewing or mouthing behavior in dogs.

Protecting Scotland's search and rescue dogs from tickborne threats

2025-06-20

| Veterinary Record

Understand how access rights apply to service animals at athletics events

2025-06-20

Timothy G. O’Brien | Disability Compliance for Higher Education

Media reports of people attempting to bring their emotional support animals, ranging from peacocks to pigs, along with them on airline flights have become more commonplace than ever. The range … Media reports of people attempting to bring their emotional support animals, ranging from peacocks to pigs, along with them on airline flights have become more commonplace than ever. The range and types of these animals have varied greatly, leaving many people to wonder about the legitimacy of their characterization as true and necessary emotional support animals and/or their potential qualification as service animals.

Paleolithic and Human-Animal Relations

2025-06-19

Shumon T. Hussain | Environmental History

The study of animals and human-animal relationships is an integral part of Paleolithic archaeology since its inception as an academic discipline in the early twentieth century. In the service of … The study of animals and human-animal relationships is an integral part of Paleolithic archaeology since its inception as an academic discipline in the early twentieth century. In the service of better understanding the earliest period of human history bracketed by the emergence of stone tools more than 3 million years ago and the end of the last Ice Age roughly 12,000 years ago, it asks key questions about the role of human-animal relationships in human evolution and the emergence of our own species, the alterity and diversity of such relationships when examined from a contemporary historical standpoint, and the deep Ice Age history of domestication. A traditional goal has always been to place both humans and animals into their ecosystem contexts, themselves subject to the profound climatic oscillations of the Ice Age, and to learn about human and animal behaviors as they are shaped by and shape ecosystem dynamics. Research into Paleolithic human-animal relationships is not a unified endeavor—it is both multistranded and multiparadigmatic, yet traditionally leans heavily to the natural, life, and environmental sciences, even though humanities-informed perspectives have recently also been developed. To examine and compare Paleolithic human-animal relations, archaeologists need to tap into a vast array of material and biomolecular sources, and the study of many of these sources is tied to its own disciplinary specialism. Understanding Paleolithic human-animal relationships is therefore challenging and requires interdisciplinary collaboration. For these reasons, Paleolithic human-animal studies cannot be reduced to zooarchaeology—the analysis and interpretation of past animal remains—even though this subdiscipline remains indispensable for the reconstruction of animal behaviors and human-animal interactions. Elucidating Paleolithic human-animal relationships requires one to not only ask for the role of animals in human subsistence (“good to eat”), but to integrate knowledge on their role in human technology (“good to use”) as well as in human cognition, sociality, and culture (“good to think with”). This calls for alliances with Paleolithic material culture studies and research on craftsmanship, “visual culture,” and “art.” Influenced by the weighty “animal turn,” archaeologists have further outlined the need to move beyond human-centered perspectives and to investigate the flexibility and historicity of animal agencies themselves. This critique has motivated new holistic investigations of how particular animals and humans have lived and faired together under changing conditions (“good to live with”). In this essay, the emphasis will be on a balanced overview of main sources and research themes in the field.

Top‒down animal welfare crisis communication during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Animal care worker information sources, self‐perceived knowledge and welfare concerns

2025-06-19

Sharmaine L. Miller , Jung Su Kwan , Kathryn R. Dalton +2 more | Veterinary Record

Abstract Background Experts communicating reliable and timely information are critical during public health crises. While assessments of human health crisis communication and preparedness have received attention, population animal welfare assessments … Abstract Background Experts communicating reliable and timely information are critical during public health crises. While assessments of human health crisis communication and preparedness have received attention, population animal welfare assessments are limited. This study assessed animal care worker (ACW) survey responses to identify factors potentially valuable for preparedness and intervention design for future crises that affect companion animals. Methods Our team took a subset of data from a US survey (conducted between July and October 2020) to investigate small animal veterinary (SAV; N = 1209) and animal shelter, rescue and control (SRC; N = 132) COVID‐19 pandemic concerns pertinent to animal welfare, self‐perceived knowledge of pandemic impacts, and update frequency and information sources. Results Compared with SAV workers, SRC workers more often reported frequent communication ( p < 0.001), self‐perceived expert knowledge ( p = 0.012) and having welfare concerns ( p = 0.012). The same was true for clinical SRC workers, more so than non‐clinical SRC. Frequent updates correlated with greater self‐perceived knowledge ( p < 0.001). Information sources were primarily animal welfare focused for SRC workers and veterinary health focused for SAV. Limitations Community socioeconomic status and update contents are unknown. Furthermore, sample diversity was low, which may limit the generalisability of the findings. Conclusion There is a potential need for increased, more harmonised crisis communication from leading public and animal health entities to better support SAV and clinical SRC workers.

From kin to canines: understanding modern dog keeping from both biological and cultural evolutionary perspectives

2025-06-19

Enikő Kubinyi , Borbála Turcsán | Biologia Futura

Abstract This review examines modern companion dog keeping from both biological and cultural evolutionary perspectives. Dog keeping is explored as a trait that has evolved from being adaptive, contributing to … Abstract This review examines modern companion dog keeping from both biological and cultural evolutionary perspectives. Dog keeping is explored as a trait that has evolved from being adaptive, contributing to the survival and prosperity of human populations, to possibly being neutral or even maladaptive in modern contexts on the population level. Currently, many people in Western cultures regard dogs as family members or “fur babies”, even though investing money, time, and emotional commitment in them does not directly increase biological fitness. This new kinship can be better understood through a cultural evolution framework, which is compared to the biological (Fisherian) runaway model to understand how human behaviours can evolve beyond their original utility. For future studies, the review proposes exploring whether and how well dogs can be substitutes for human relationships, their impact on human fertility and social networks, who benefits from dog keeping, and for whom keeping a dog is unnecessary or harmful.

Dog ownership for people with substance use disorder: self-reported influence on substance use and mental health

2025-06-19

Andi Kerr-Little , Jørgen G. Bramness , Ruth C. Newberry +1 more | Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy

Abstract Background Dog ownership has been reported to positively influence the lives of individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) fostering social connection, a sense of belonging, and greater daily structure. … Abstract Background Dog ownership has been reported to positively influence the lives of individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) fostering social connection, a sense of belonging, and greater daily structure. However, the specific ways in which dog ownership impacts substance use and mental health remain underexplored. This study aimed to explore how people with SUD perceived that dog ownership affected their use of substances and mental health characteristics. Method Qualitative, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with eight individuals with experience of dog ownership and SUD. Data were gathered and analysed using a 4-step qualitative content analysis. Results Three key categories emerged from the analysis. The unique relationship with their dog encouraged the development of a new sense of self for participants that had not been previously possible. Participants reported an increased awareness and regulation of substance use, and they became more mindful of their use, often reducing or managing it to align with caring for their dog. The bond with their dog contributed to improved mental health, emotional stability and appeared to play a role in reducing suicidal ideation. Discussion Dog ownership provided participants with a positive sense of self and reinforced feelings of self-worth. This helped them move away from impulsive or habitual substance use patterns and adopt a more intentional, less harmful approach. The relationship with the dog also appeared to stabilise participants’ mental health, enabling them to navigate depressive episodes more effectively and recover from negative moods more easily.

Assessment of Stress in Dogs Under Cancer Therapy via Faecal Cortisol Metabolite Analysis: A Pilot Study

2025-06-19

Christina Ziegerhofer , Alexander Tichy , Miriam Kleiter +2 more | Animals

Stress reactions play an important role in animals' ability to cope with various situations. Glucocorticoids are measured as a stress parameter, and analysis of their faecal metabolites has proven to … Stress reactions play an important role in animals' ability to cope with various situations. Glucocorticoids are measured as a stress parameter, and analysis of their faecal metabolites has proven to be a good method for evaluating long term stress. We hypothesised that dogs suffering from cancer would have a higher stress level during cancer therapy, which would be reflected in higher levels of faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs). Faeces were collected from 40 dogs receiving radiation or chemotherapy before and during the treatment, and from 53 healthy dogs, who served as a control group. FCMs were extracted and quantified by a cortisol enzyme immunoassay. The results showed that the stress levels were not significantly higher in the cancer patients before therapy compared to those in the control group. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the FCM concentrations of dogs at specific time points during chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Therefore, suspected stress should not be a criterion to exclude animals from cancer treatment. Such a treatment seems ethically justifiable if it is expected to provide benefits and improvement in the quality of life for patients.

The role of animal-assisted interventions (AAI) in healthcare waiting rooms: A scoping review on enhancing patients’ well-being and experience

2025-06-19

Irene Hartigan , Yvonne Pennisi , C. Harman +3 more | Human-Animal Interactions

Abstract This scoping review investigates the role of snimal-sssisted interventions (AAI) in enhancing patient well-being and experience in healthcare waiting rooms. From an initial pool of 1689 articles across CINAHL, … Abstract This scoping review investigates the role of snimal-sssisted interventions (AAI) in enhancing patient well-being and experience in healthcare waiting rooms. From an initial pool of 1689 articles across CINAHL, PUBMED, and ASSIA, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. The review evaluates the psychological and physical impacts of AAI, considerations for its implementation, and its potential to complement patient-centered care. Findings revealed that AAI consistently improved psychological outcomes, such as reducing anxiety and depression, though effects on physical parameters like pain and blood pressure remain mixed. While the term “therapy dog” may be misleading, these animals play a vital role in providing emotional support and enhancing patient well-being in healthcare settings. Future research should further clarify the distinct functions of therapy versus service dogs and explore the long-term and population-specific impacts of AAI in patient-centered care.

Digitalising behavioural data collection through cloud-based technology in veterinary science and beyond

2025-06-19

Michelle Braghetti , Liat Vichman , Nareed Farhat +4 more | Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Field data collection in veterinary and animal behaviour science often faces practical limitations, including time constraints, restricted resources, and difficulties integrating high-quality data capture into real-world clinical workflows. This paper … Field data collection in veterinary and animal behaviour science often faces practical limitations, including time constraints, restricted resources, and difficulties integrating high-quality data capture into real-world clinical workflows. This paper highlights the need for flexible, efficient, and standardised digital solutions that facilitate the collection of multimodal behavioural data in real-world settings. We present a case example using PetsDataLab, a novel cloud-based, “no code” platform designed to enable researchers to create customized apps for efficient and standardised data collection tailored to the behavioural domain, facilitating capture of diverse data types, including video, images, and contextual metadata. We used the platform to develop an app supporting the creation of the Dog Pain Database, a novel comprehensive resource aimed at advancing research on behaviour-based pain indicators in dogs. Using the app, we created a large-scale, structured dataset of dogs with clinically diagnosed conditions expected to be associated with pain and discomfort, including demographic, medical, and pain-related information, alongside high-quality video recordings for future behavioural analyses. To evaluate the app’s usability and its potential for future broader deployment, 14 veterinary professionals tested the app and provided structured feedback via a questionnaire. Results indicated strong usability and clarity, although agreement with using the app in daily clinic life was lower among external testers, pointing to possible barriers to routine integration. This proof-of-concept case study demonstrates the potential of cloud-based platforms like PetsDataLab to bridge research and practice by enabling scalable, standardised, and clinically compatible behavioural data collection. While developed for veterinary pain research, the approach is broadly applicable across behavioural science and supports open science principles through structured, reusable, and interoperable data collection.

Animal-Assisted Crisis Response

2025-06-19

Yvonne Eaton-Stull , Brian Flynn | Oxford University Press eBooks

Abstract This chapter examines the use of animal-assisted crisis response (AACR) to provide emotional support following a crisis event in an effort to reduce the degree of crisis and trauma … Abstract This chapter examines the use of animal-assisted crisis response (AACR) to provide emotional support following a crisis event in an effort to reduce the degree of crisis and trauma experienced and to see whether these effects can be lessened. It first examines the criteria for a therapy dog’s pathway to certification. The chapter next examines levels and areas of intervention at local and national levels while providing clarification of a therapy animal visit and an AACR crisis deployment. This is followed by a review of evidence related to the effectiveness of AACR and then a discussion of how psychological first aid can be complemented by AACR. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how AARC complements and integrates with trauma-informed care.

One owner’s perspective after a pet hospice journey

2025-06-19

Allison C. Hudock | Human-Animal Interactions

Abstract I was the sole pet parent to my beloved cat, Peaches, who received a devastating advanced cancer diagnosis in June 2023. Upon my decision not to pursue chemotherapy for … Abstract I was the sole pet parent to my beloved cat, Peaches, who received a devastating advanced cancer diagnosis in June 2023. Upon my decision not to pursue chemotherapy for Peaches, I became her sole hospice caregiver in the subsequent months until her death in November 2023. This commentary provides my perspective as a pet parent and caregiver during the time of a traumatic life-limiting diagnosis, my decision to pursue hospice care over treatment, the challenges of navigating hospice care as a sole caregiver without adequate support, and my hindsight and takeaways since her passing.

Mothers’ Perceptions of Interactions in Animal-Assisted Activities with Children Exposed to Domestic Violence in Shelters: A Qualitative Study

2025-06-19

Iná S. Santos , Ana Isabel Sani | Social Sciences

This qualitative study explores the perceptions of mothers who are victims of domestic violence regarding their children’s interactions during animal-assisted activities conducted over three months in a residential shelter. Utilizing … This qualitative study explores the perceptions of mothers who are victims of domestic violence regarding their children’s interactions during animal-assisted activities conducted over three months in a residential shelter. Utilizing a semi-structured interview approach, six mothers from diverse national backgrounds, aged 24 to 48 years, participated in the research. The study identifies perceived benefits, behavioral changes, and challenges encountered during the sessions. Content analysis revealed four main categories: (A) Parents’ perceptions of their children’s previous contact with pets; (B) initial expectations of parents regarding their children’s participation in the intervention; (C) mothers’ observations during the intervention sessions with the animals; and (D) mothers’ reflections after the intervention. Findings indicate benefits for children’s behavior and development, perceived improvements in socio-emotional skills and communication, as well as a positive emotional experience for the mothers throughout the process. The results underscore the significance of animal-assisted activities in promoting the well-being of children and their families. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating family perspectives in evaluating therapeutic interventions and offers insights for structuring more inclusive and effective animal-assisted intervention programs.

Equine-Assisted Intervention and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Non-randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Study

2025-06-18

Léa Badin , Nathalie Bailly | Journal of Applied Gerontology

This study evaluated the psychological benefit of equine-assisted intervention (EAI) for older adults living with Alzheimer disease (AD). A non-randomized, controlled, multicenter study was conducted in 14 nursing homes. A … This study evaluated the psychological benefit of equine-assisted intervention (EAI) for older adults living with Alzheimer disease (AD). A non-randomized, controlled, multicenter study was conducted in 14 nursing homes. A total of 74 older adults were recruited and divided into three groups: a group benefiting from an EAI program, a group following an adapted physical activity program (APA), and a control group continuing their daily activities (CG). Psychological health was assessed. The results showed reduced psychobehavioral disorders by week six of EAI, improved quality of life, and slightly fewer depressive symptoms. No significant effect was found in the APA or CG groups. Conducted in response to the need for meaningful, non-pharmacological care approaches in AD, this study highlights the psychological benefits of EAI, partly due to environmental enrichment. EAI appears to be a promising complementary intervention to improve emotional well-being, quality of life, and comfort in individuals with AD, especially in institutional settings.

Animal-assisted services in Australia and New Zealand intensive care units: A cross-sectional survey

2025-06-18

Kristen Ranse , Tania Lovell , Belinda Henderson +3 more | Australian Critical Care

While animal-assisted services have demonstrated clinical benefits for patients in acute and subacute healthcare settings, there is a paucity of research evidence regarding these services in intensive care units (ICUs). … While animal-assisted services have demonstrated clinical benefits for patients in acute and subacute healthcare settings, there is a paucity of research evidence regarding these services in intensive care units (ICUs). The objectives of this study were (1) to identify the prevalence of animal-assisted services in ICUs in Australia and New Zealand and (2) to gain an understanding of the key characteristics, practices, and barriers of animal-assisted services in ICUs. Between February and May 2024, a cross-sectional online survey was distributed via convenience and snowball sampling approaches to a representative from all Australian and New Zealand ICUs. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarise survey responses. From the survey responses (n = 63; response rate: 47%), animal-assisted services were or had been offered in 44% of ICUs (n = 28). While there were variations in the characteristics and delivery of animal-assisted services, every service involved dogs, targeted patients as recipients of the service, and required patient and staff hand hygiene. Most respondents indicated that dogs need to be washed and brushed prior to visiting the ICU and remain on a leash while in the ICU. There were no reports of adverse events. Common barriers to animal-assisted services included a lack of program initiation, staffing constraints, infection control policies, and limited funding. This study provides preliminary evidence of the prevalence and characteristics of animal-assisted services in Australian and New Zealand ICUs. Variation in the characteristics of animal-assisted services demonstrates a need for identification of best practices pertaining to animal-assisted services in the ICU and the development of guidelines to support the implementation of these services. Future interventional studies are required to provide further evidence of the feasibility and effectiveness of animal-assisted services, both as meet-and-greet-style support programs and treatment interventions in ICUs.

Centering community voices: advancing health equity for people and pets in Los Angeles County through community-based participatory research

2025-06-18

Cristián Morales , Miguel Ruelas , Terryl Daluz +5 more | Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Background Pets are increasingly seen as members of the family unit in U.S. households. To advance health equity and improve health service providers’ understanding of how to best support pet … Background Pets are increasingly seen as members of the family unit in U.S. households. To advance health equity and improve health service providers’ understanding of how to best support pet owners, this study aimed to understand the priorities and barriers to human and companion animal (pet) well-being services and resources in Los Angeles County, CA, USA. Methods A community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach was used to conduct five semi-structured focus groups in May 2024 with 27 pet owners in Los Angeles County, CA, USA. Data were analyzed using an inductive approach. Results Several themes for improving health services for people and pets were identified, including: understanding community-specific priorities for people and pets in Los Angeles County; addressing barriers to services and information for people and pets; addressing the need for affordable pet inclusive housing and tenants rights; and addressing the need for improved access to pet inclusive green spaces and environmental justice. The participants shared about the importance of mutual aid and collective care when faced with a lack of access to services. Discussion These findings can be used across health services to inform the development of equitable, accessible, and community-specific solutions that improve the quality of life for both people and their pets in Los Angeles County, CA, USA.

From Fish to Mice to Monkeys in Research: Challenges and Opportunities for Mental Well-being

2025-06-18

Carine E. Serageldine , Amy Robinson-Junker , Gabriel Alvino +1 more | CABI eBooks

Behavioral Health and Mental Well-being of Sheltered Animals

2025-06-18

Victoria A. Cussen , Pamela J. Reid | CABI eBooks

Making Sense of the Terminology for the Good Life

2025-06-18

Franklin D. McMillan , James Yeates | CABI eBooks

The Mental Health and Well-being Benefits of Social Relationships, Social Support, and Social Buffering in Animals

2025-06-18

Franklin D. McMillan | CABI eBooks

Treatment Options for Emotional Distress in Animals

2025-06-18

Karen van Haaften | CABI eBooks

Cognitive and Emotional Disorders in the Aging Pet

2025-06-18

Margaret E. Gruen , Jacqueline Wilhelmy , Gary Landsberg | CABI eBooks

Psychological Resilience in Animals – Focus on Dogs

2025-06-18

Katriina Tiira | CABI eBooks

The Importance and Intended Use of the Mental State Domain in the Five Domains Model

2025-06-18

Kat Littlewood , Nikki J. Kells , Ngaio J. Beausoleil +1 more | CABI eBooks

Psychological Trauma as a Form of Animal Cruelty: Advancing the Use of Scientific Evidence Under the Law

2025-06-18

Pamela J. Reid , Jennifer Chin , Victoria A. Cussen | CABI eBooks

Fostering Mental and Behavioral Wellness During Upbringing and Throughout Life

2025-06-18

Jessica Lockhart , Daniel Q. Estep , Suzanne Hetts | CABI eBooks

Association Between Protein Content in Dry Dog Food and Aggression in Golden Retriever Dogs

2025-06-18

Gina Davis , Julia Labadie , Brenna Swafford +1 more | Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between protein content in commercially available dry food and behavioral scores collected via a validated behavior questionnaire. Health and … ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between protein content in commercially available dry food and behavioral scores collected via a validated behavior questionnaire. Health and lifestyle factors were obtained from owner-completed questionnaires for golden retrievers participating in a prospective canine health study, eating commercially available dry food as ≥80% of the daily intake. Diets were categorized as high (≥30%), medium (21–29%), or low (≤20%) protein levels. Ten behavioral outcomes from a validated survey were used as outcome measurements. The association of dietary protein level and behavior outcomes were estimated using logistic regression, adjusting for sex, reproductive status, and dog’s primary lifestyle. Compared with dogs fed medium-protein diets, dogs fed high-protein diets were 1.3 times more likely to have dog rivalry (95% CI, 1.02–1.78). The dogs fed low-protein diets were 1.4 times more likely to have separation-related behavior (95% CI, 1.01–2.03). When assessing and treating aggression and separation related-behaviors, clinicians should evaluate and weigh the importance of several factors, including the diet being fed.

Diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging in EAS: A microcosm of non-traditional education

2025-06-18

Aviva Vincent , Leanne O. Nieforth , Kelsey Dayle John +1 more | Human-Animal Interactions

Abstract The current global mental health crisis highlights a need for a focus on culturally relevant and accessible mental health and education services. One such sector is incorporating horses into … Abstract The current global mental health crisis highlights a need for a focus on culturally relevant and accessible mental health and education services. One such sector is incorporating horses into mental health and learning interventions. The HERD Institute, an organization within this sector, offers education for practitioners in both equine facilitated psychotherapy (EFP) and equine facilitated learning (EFL). The HERD Institute centers diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) within the practice of EFL and EFP. The objective of this study was to explore mental health clinician-based experiences and education-based practitioner experiences related to DEIB and systems of oppression within the HERD Institute’s learning environment as it then relates to participants’ own clinical or educational practice. Using a participatory action research framework, conversational, semi-structured interviews were completed. Interview responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged: (1) identity and self-reflection with horses, (2) awareness of scope of practice, and (3) being in relationship. These findings elucidate the importance of explicit education of DEIB, the complexity of self-reflection and the innate desire to be in relationship with others, horses and the environment. The HERD Institute serves as a microcosm for other types of educational spaces evidencing a need to be intentional with DEIB education and practice.

The imperative of psychosocial support for pets in disasters

2025-06-18

Shandiz Moslehi , Sajjad Narimani | Research in Veterinary Science

Identifying Home Safety Concerns Among Older Adults Aging With Pets

2025-06-18

Carlyn Ellison , Linda Struckmeyer , Jennifer W. Applebaum +4 more | PubMed

Assessing risks in pet owners’ home environment may help develop strategies to enhance safety and well-being. The objective of this study is to uncover key themes informing the development of … Assessing risks in pet owners’ home environment may help develop strategies to enhance safety and well-being. The objective of this study is to uncover key themes informing the development of a home safety assessment tool for older adults with pets. A literature review and focus group interviews informed understanding of the safety concerns of older adults caring for pets. Participants were primary caregivers of a dog and/or cat ( N = 30). Qualitative coding and analysis were guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model. None of the six included articles identified a tool for detecting pet care safety concerns. Focus group findings indicate pet behavior, care needs, and caregiving activities impact home safety, potentially affecting safely aging in place. This study highlights the need to address home safety with pets and identifies factors for increasing safety. Findings will inform tool development; further research is needed to refine and validate.

Tighter regulation is needed for AI companions

2025-06-17

Lili Zhang , Huiyi Wang , Long Cheng +1 more | Nature

BEM-ESTAR DE ANIMAIS HOSPITALIZADOS: ESTRATÉGIAS DE MANEJO E AMBIENTE NA PRÁTICA VETERINÁRIA

2025-06-17

Nájila de Jesus Ravani , Emanuel Vieria Pinto | Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação

Este artigo analisa os fatores que afetam o bem-estar de animais hospitalizados, destacando a influência do ambiente clínico e das práticas de manejo sobre a recuperação e qualidade de vida … Este artigo analisa os fatores que afetam o bem-estar de animais hospitalizados, destacando a influência do ambiente clínico e das práticas de manejo sobre a recuperação e qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A pesquisa adota abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, com base em revisão bibliográfica, observações diretas e entrevistas com profissionais da área. Os dados obtidos revelam que ambientes hospitalares mais calmos, enriquecidos e adaptados às espécies promovem respostas clínicas mais eficazes. Também evidenciam a importância do manejo humanizado, da nutrição individualizada e da capacitação técnica da equipe. Conclui-se que estratégias específicas voltadas ao bem-estar durante a hospitalização favorecem a recuperação, reduzem o estresse e contribuem para a excelência nos cuidados veterinários.

Pet Aftercare Ordering Models: Evolving to Meet the Needs of Today’s Pet Owner

2025-06-17

Kathleen A. Cooney , Lori R. Kogan | Topics in companion animal medicine

The Legal Recognition of Animal Sentience: Principles, Approaches and Applications by Jane Kotzmann and MB Rodriguez Ferrere (eds)

2025-06-17

Debbie Rodan | Sydney law review

The Legal Recognition of Animal Sentience is an edited book offering an extensive discussion about the state of legal recognition of animal sentience in various international jurisdictions. The book’s subtitle … The Legal Recognition of Animal Sentience is an edited book offering an extensive discussion about the state of legal recognition of animal sentience in various international jurisdictions. The book’s subtitle — Principles, Approaches and Applications — cleverly delineates the contexts in which those meanings of animal sentience manifest, the implications and consequences of which are worked through.

It Matters Who You Ask: Validity and Reliability of Animal Empathy Scoring Scales in Canadian Public and Participants in Beef Production

2025-06-17

Christy Goldhawk , Ed Pajor | Animals

Reliable measurements are central to understanding animal-directed empathy. This research study utilizes data from two online surveys to evaluate the validity and reliability of measures of animal-directed empathy. The survey … Reliable measurements are central to understanding animal-directed empathy. This research study utilizes data from two online surveys to evaluate the validity and reliability of measures of animal-directed empathy. The survey data was of (1) Canadians who have participated in beef cattle processing events (n = 812), and (2) members of the public from across Canada (n = 668). As a part of these surveys, individuals were asked 22 animal empathy score (AES) questions, and an additional 5 questions about livestock-directed empathy (LES). The AES correlated well with an 8-question short form (AES-SF) previously developed in other studies. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the AES-SF structure was a good fit within the public responses but did not fit well with the responses of those participating in the beef industry. The reliability of the AES and AES-SF was high in the public population, but low in the population participating in beef cattle production. The LES fit well with the public responses, with high reliability and moderate correlation with AES; however, it did not fit well within the industry participant responses. Overall, the results support the use of AES-SF as a measure of animal-directed empathy within public populations. Measurement of this construct needs further development for individuals working directly with livestock species. Researchers should proceed with caution in using animal-directed psychometric measures validated with public populations, as evidence from this study suggests these measures have poor reliability and validity in populations of individuals working directly with livestock species.

Black Dog

2025-06-17

| Yale University Press eBooks

Going with the Flow: Assessing How Zoos and Aquariums Communicate Information About Marine Animals Without Faces (MAWFs)

2025-06-16

Kaitlin Barrailler , Cameron T. Whitley , Sarah Brenkert +3 more | Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens

Marine animals without faces (MAWFs), are some of the most important creatures maintaining the ecological balance in marine environments. How these animals are depicted across conservation organizations may impact public … Marine animals without faces (MAWFs), are some of the most important creatures maintaining the ecological balance in marine environments. How these animals are depicted across conservation organizations may impact public perceptions and conservation efforts. We assessed the online presentation of sea stars, jellies, and corals among all public websites of institutions accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) (N = 237). Among the organizations with an aquarium (n = 125), only 55 (44 percent) profiled at least one of the three animals, resulting in 89 total profiles. Five general approaches to characterizing these animals emerged: (1) scientific social distancing, (2) beautiful and eye-catching, (3) grotesque, otherworldly, and strange, (4) brainless beauties, and (5) objects of touch, entertainment, and experience. While some practices, like touch exhibits, can support empathy outcomes among visitors, online profile practices may contribute to the objectification of these animals among visitors, which could ultimately impact conservation attitudes, intentions, and behaviors.