Engineering › Biomedical Engineering

3D Printing in Biomedical Research

Works Count: 66364

Wikipedia

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the advancements in 3D bioprinting technology, including topics such as tissue engineering, microfluidic devices, bioinks, organ-on-a-chip systems, vascularization, hydrogels, cell culture, scaffold fabrication, and regenerative medicine.

Keywords

Bioprinting; Tissue Engineering; Microfluidic Devices; Bioinks; Organ-on-a-Chip; Vascularization; Hydrogels; Cell Culture; Scaffold Fabrication; Regenerative Medicine

Synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels

2015-08-28

Kan Yue , Grissel Trujillo‐de Santiago , Mario Moisés Álvarez +3 more

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Rapid colorimetric assay for cell growth and survival

1986-05-01

François Denizot , Rita Lang

Characterization of the Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Line (Caco-2) as a Model System for Intestinal Epithelial Permeability

1989-02-01

Ismael J. Hidalgo , Thomas J. Raub , Ronald T. Borchardt

Topographical control of cells

1997-12-01

A. S. G. Curtis , Chris Wilkinson

Cell-laden microengineered gelatin methacrylate hydrogels

2010-04-26

Jason W. Nichol , Sandeep T. Koshy , Hojae Bae +3 more

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Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

2011-03-10

Jason A. Burdick , Glenn D. Prestwich

Abstract Hyaluronic acid (HA), an immunoneutral polysaccharide that is ubiquitous in the human body, is crucial for many cellular and tissue functions and has been in clinical use for over … Abstract Hyaluronic acid (HA), an immunoneutral polysaccharide that is ubiquitous in the human body, is crucial for many cellular and tissue functions and has been in clinical use for over thirty years. When chemically modified, HA can be transformed into many physical forms—viscoelastic solutions, soft or stiff hydrogels, electrospun fibers, non‐woven meshes, macroporous and fibrillar sponges, flexible sheets, and nanoparticulate fluids—for use in a range of preclinical and clinical settings. Many of these forms are derived from the chemical crosslinking of pendant reactive groups by addition/condensation chemistry or by radical polymerization. Clinical products for cell therapy and regenerative medicine require crosslinking chemistry that is compatible with the encapsulation of cells and injection into tissues. Moreover, an injectable clinical biomaterial must meet marketing, regulatory, and financial constraints to provide affordable products that can be approved, deployed to the clinic, and used by physicians. Many HA‐derived hydrogels meet these criteria, and can deliver cells and therapeutic agents for tissue repair and regeneration. This progress report covers both basic concepts and recent advances in the development of HA‐based hydrogels for biomedical applications.

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From 3D cell culture to organs-on-chips

2011-10-27

Dongeun Huh , Geraldine A. Hamilton , Donald E. Ingber

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Designing materials to direct stem-cell fate

2009-11-01

Matthias P. Lütolf , Penney M. Gilbert , Helen M. Blau

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3D Bioprinting Human Chondrocytes with Nanocellulose–Alginate Bioink for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Applications

2015-03-25

Kajsa Markstedt , Athanasios Mantas , Ivan Tournier +3 more

The introduction of 3D bioprinting is expected to revolutionize the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The 3D bioprinter is able to dispense materials while moving in X, Y, … The introduction of 3D bioprinting is expected to revolutionize the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The 3D bioprinter is able to dispense materials while moving in X, Y, and Z directions, which enables the engineering of complex structures from the bottom up. In this study, a bioink that combines the outstanding shear thinning properties of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) with the fast cross-linking ability of alginate was formulated for the 3D bioprinting of living soft tissue with cells. Printability was evaluated with concern to printer parameters and shape fidelity. The shear thinning behavior of the tested bioinks enabled printing of both 2D gridlike structures as well as 3D constructs. Furthermore, anatomically shaped cartilage structures, such as a human ear and sheep meniscus, were 3D printed using MRI and CT images as blueprints. Human chondrocytes bioprinted in the noncytotoxic, nanocellulose-based bioink exhibited a cell viability of 73% and 86% after 1 and 7 days of 3D culture, respectively. On the basis of these results, we can conclude that the nanocellulose-based bioink is a suitable hydrogel for 3D bioprinting with living cells. This study demonstrates the potential use of nanocellulose for 3D bioprinting of living tissues and organs.

3D Bioprinting of Vascularized, Heterogeneous Cell‐Laden Tissue Constructs

2014-02-18

David B. Kolesky , Ryan L. Truby , A. Sydney Gladman +3 more

A new bioprinting method is reported for fabricating 3D tissue constructs replete with vasculature, multiple types of cells, and extracellular matrix. These intricate, heterogeneous structures are created by precisely co-printing … A new bioprinting method is reported for fabricating 3D tissue constructs replete with vasculature, multiple types of cells, and extracellular matrix. These intricate, heterogeneous structures are created by precisely co-printing multiple materials, known as bioinks, in three dimensions. These 3D micro-engineered environments open new avenues for drug screening and fundamental studies of wound healing, angiogenesis, and stem-cell niches. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

THE GROWTH OF MOUSE BONE MARROW CELLS <i>IN VITRO</i>

1966-06-01

TR Bradley , D Metcalf

Summary A simple in vitro technique is described for the growth of colonies from single cell suspensions of mouse bone marrow. The system involves the plating of marrow cells in … Summary A simple in vitro technique is described for the growth of colonies from single cell suspensions of mouse bone marrow. The system involves the plating of marrow cells in agar on feeder layers of other cells, those from 8‐day‐old mouse kidney and 17th day mouse embryo being shown to be the most efficient types of feeder layers. Approximalely 400 colonies per 1 × 10 6 nucleated marrow cells were grown, using kidney cell feeder layers. A linear relationship between the number of cells plated and the number of colonies developing was demonstrated. In comparison with the marrow cells, lymph node or thymus cells did not form colonies, but a small number of colonies was formed using spleen cells. Early in the development of the colonies the dominant cell type was a large mononuclear cell with cytoplasm filled with granules staining metachromatically with toluidine blue. With growth of the colony, cells with ring or horseshoe‐shaped nuclei appeared, and a progression with further colony growth to smaller cells with segmented nuclei similar to polymorphonuclear blood cells was observed.

25th Anniversary Article: Engineering Hydrogels for Biofabrication

2013-08-23

Jos Malda , Jetze Visser , Ferry P.W. Melchels +5 more

With advances in tissue engineering, the possibility of regenerating injured tissue or failing organs has become a realistic prospect for the first time in medical history. Tissue engineering – the … With advances in tissue engineering, the possibility of regenerating injured tissue or failing organs has become a realistic prospect for the first time in medical history. Tissue engineering – the combination of bioactive materials with cells to generate engineered constructs that functionally replace lost and/or damaged tissue – is a major strategy to achieve this goal. One facet of tissue engineering is biofabrication, where three‐dimensional tissue‐like structures composed of biomaterials and cells in a single manufacturing procedure are generated. Cell‐laden hydrogels are commonly used in biofabrication and are termed “bioinks”. Hydrogels are particularly attractive for biofabrication as they recapitulate several features of the natural extracellular matrix and allow cell encapsulation in a highly hydrated mechanically supportive three‐dimensional environment. Additionally, they allow for efficient and homogeneous cell seeding, can provide biologically‐relevant chemical and physical signals, and can be formed in various shapes and biomechanical characteristics. However, despite the progress made in modifying hydrogels for enhanced bioactivation, cell survival and tissue formation, little attention has so far been paid to optimize hydrogels for the physico‐chemical demands of the biofabrication process. The resulting lack of hydrogel bioinks have been identified as one major hurdle for a more rapid progress of the field. In this review we summarize and focus on the deposition process, the parameters and demands of hydrogels in biofabrication, with special attention to robotic dispensing as an approach that generates constructs of clinically relevant dimensions. We aim to highlight this current lack of effectual hydrogels within biofabrication and initiate new ideas and developments in the design and tailoring of hydrogels. The successful development of a “printable” hydrogel that supports cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation will significantly advance this exciting and promising approach for tissue engineering.

Modeling Tissue Morphogenesis and Cancer in 3D

2007-08-01

Kenneth M. Yamada , Edna Cukierman

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Microfluidic organs-on-chips

2014-08-01

Sangeeta N. Bhatia , Donald E. Ingber

Hydrogels as extracellular matrix mimics for 3D cell culture

2009-04-14

Mark W. Tibbitt , Kristi S. Anseth

Methods for culturing mammalian cells ex vivo are increasingly needed to study cell and tissue physiology and to grow replacement tissue for regenerative medicine. Two-dimensional culture has been the paradigm … Methods for culturing mammalian cells ex vivo are increasingly needed to study cell and tissue physiology and to grow replacement tissue for regenerative medicine. Two-dimensional culture has been the paradigm for typical in vitro cell culture; however, it has been demonstrated that cells behave more natively when cultured in three-dimensional environments. Permissive, synthetic hydrogels and promoting, natural hydrogels have become popular as three-dimensional cell culture platforms; yet, both of these systems possess limitations. In this perspective, we discuss the use of both synthetic and natural hydrogels as scaffolds for three-dimensional cell culture as well as synthetic hydrogels that incorporate sophisticated biochemical and mechanical cues as mimics of the native extracellular matrix. Ultimately, advances in synthetic-biologic hydrogel hybrids are needed to provide robust platforms for investigating cell physiology and fabricating tissue outside of the organism.

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An Alizarin red-based assay of mineralization by adherent cells in culture: comparison with cetylpyridinium chloride extraction

2004-04-22

Carl A. Gregory , William Gunn , Alexandra Peister +1 more

Cells on chips

2006-07-26

J. El-Ali , Peter K. Sorger , Klavs F. Jensen

The third dimension bridges the gap between cell culture and live tissue

2007-08-08

Francesco Pampaloni , Emmanuel G. Reynaud , Ernst H. K. Stelzer

Alginate Hydrogels as Biomaterials

2006-07-31

Alexander Augst , Hyun Joon Kong , David Mooney

Abstract Summary: Alginate hydrogels are proving to have a wide applicability as biomaterials. They have been used as scaffolds for tissue engineering, as delivery vehicles for drugs, and as model … Abstract Summary: Alginate hydrogels are proving to have a wide applicability as biomaterials. They have been used as scaffolds for tissue engineering, as delivery vehicles for drugs, and as model extracellular matrices for basic biological studies. These applications require tight control of a number of material properties including mechanical stiffness, swelling, degradation, cell attachment, and binding or release of bioactive molecules. Control over these properties can be achieved by chemical or physical modifications of the polysaccharide itself or the gels formed from alginate. The utility of these modified alginate gels as biomaterials has been demonstrated in a number of in vitro and in vivo studies. Micro‐CT images of bone‐like constructs that result from transplantation of osteoblasts on gels that degrade over a time frame of several months leading to improved bone formation. magnified image Micro‐CT images of bone‐like constructs that result from transplantation of osteoblasts on gels that degrade over a time frame of several months leading to improved bone formation.

Evaluation of 3D Printing and Its Potential Impact on Biotechnology and the Chemical Sciences

2014-01-16

Bethany C. Gross , Jayda L. Erkal , Sarah Y. Lockwood +2 more

Nearing 30 years since its introduction, 3D printing technology is set to revolutionize research and teaching laboratories. This feature encompasses the history of 3D printing, reviews various printing methods, and … Nearing 30 years since its introduction, 3D printing technology is set to revolutionize research and teaching laboratories. This feature encompasses the history of 3D printing, reviews various printing methods, and presents current applications. The authors offer an appraisal of the future direction and impact this technology will have on laboratory settings as 3D printers become more accessible.

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3D bioprinting of tissues and organs

2014-08-01

Sean V. Murphy , Anthony Atala

Matrigel: Basement membrane matrix with biological activity

2005-06-22

Hynda K. Kleinman , George R. Martin

Physical approaches to biomaterial design

2008-12-19

Samir Mitragotri , Joerg Lahann

THE DEVELOPMENT OF FIBROBLAST COLONIES IN MONOLAYER CULTURES OF GUINEA‐PIG BONE MARROW AND SPLEEN CELLS

1970-10-01

A. J. Friedenstein , R. K. Chailakhjan , K. S. Lalykina

ABSTRACT In monolayer cultures of guinea‐pig bone marrow and spleen the development of discrete fibroblast colonies takes place on days 9–12. The linear increase in the number of colonies with … ABSTRACT In monolayer cultures of guinea‐pig bone marrow and spleen the development of discrete fibroblast colonies takes place on days 9–12. The linear increase in the number of colonies with increasing numbers of explanted cells and the distribution of male and female cells in mixed cultures support the view that fibroblast colonies are clones. The concentration of colony‐forming cells in bone marrow and spleen is approximately 10 ‐5 . Bone marrow culture (but not spleen culture) fibroblasts are capable of spontaneous bone formation in diffusion chambers. Fibroblasts from both bone marrow and spleen cultures are inducible to osteogenesis in diffusion chambers in the presence of transitional epithelium.

Reconstituting Organ-Level Lung Functions on a Chip

2010-06-24

Dongeun Huh , Benjamin D. Matthews , Akiko Mammoto +3 more

Here, we describe a biomimetic microsystem that reconstitutes the critical functional alveolar-capillary interface of the human lung. This bioinspired microdevice reproduces complex integrated organ-level responses to bacteria and inflammatory cytokines … Here, we describe a biomimetic microsystem that reconstitutes the critical functional alveolar-capillary interface of the human lung. This bioinspired microdevice reproduces complex integrated organ-level responses to bacteria and inflammatory cytokines introduced into the alveolar space. In nanotoxicology studies, this lung mimic revealed that cyclic mechanical strain accentuates toxic and inflammatory responses of the lung to silica nanoparticles. Mechanical strain also enhances epithelial and endothelial uptake of nanoparticulates and stimulates their transport into the underlying microvascular channel. Similar effects of physiological breathing on nanoparticle absorption are observed in whole mouse lung. Mechanically active "organ-on-a-chip" microdevices that reconstitute tissue-tissue interfaces critical to organ function may therefore expand the capabilities of cell culture models and provide low-cost alternatives to animal and clinical studies for drug screening and toxicology applications.

Complexity in biomaterials for tissue engineering

2009-05-21

Elsie Place , Nicholas D. Evans , Molly M. Stevens

Spheroid-based drug screen: considerations and practical approach

2009-02-12

Juergen Friedrich , Claudia Seidel , Reinhard Ebner +1 more

Rapid casting of patterned vascular networks for perfusable engineered three-dimensional tissues

2012-06-29

Jordan S. Miller , Kelly R. Stevens , Michael T. Yang +7 more

New Colorimetric Cytotoxicity Assay for Anticancer-Drug Screening

1990-07-04

Philip Skehan , Ritsa Storeng , Dominic A. Scudiero +7 more

Journal Article New Colorimetric Cytotoxicity Assay for Anticancer-Drug Screening Get access Philip Skehan, Philip Skehan * Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment * Correspondence to: Philip Skehan, M.D., Developmental … Journal Article New Colorimetric Cytotoxicity Assay for Anticancer-Drug Screening Get access Philip Skehan, Philip Skehan * Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment * Correspondence to: Philip Skehan, M.D., Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, Bldg. 560, Rm. 3260, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research Facility, Frederick, MD 21701 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ritsa Storeng, Ritsa Storeng Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dominic Scudiero, Dominic Scudiero Program Resources, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research FacilityFrederick, MD. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anne Monks, Anne Monks Program Resources, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research FacilityFrederick, MD. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James McMahon, James McMahon Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David Vistica, David Vistica Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jonathan T. Warren, Jonathan T. Warren Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Heidi Bokesch, Heidi Bokesch Program Resources, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research FacilityFrederick, MD. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Susan Kenney, Susan Kenney Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael R. Boyd Michael R. Boyd Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, MD. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 13, 4 July 1990, Pages 1107–1112, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.13.1107 Published: 04 July 1990 Article history Received: 05 September 1980 Revision received: 11 December 1989 Accepted: 15 March 1990 Published: 04 July 1990

THE CHEMOTACTIC EFFECT OF MIXTURES OF ANTIBODY AND ANTIGEN ON POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUCOCYTES

1962-03-01

Stephen Boyden

An in vitro technique is described for assessing the chemotactic activity of soluble substances on motile cells. Antibody-antigen mixtures when incubated (37 degrees C) in medium containing fresh (i.e. non-inactivated) … An in vitro technique is described for assessing the chemotactic activity of soluble substances on motile cells. Antibody-antigen mixtures when incubated (37 degrees C) in medium containing fresh (i.e. non-inactivated) normal rabbit serum exert a strong chemotactic effect on rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Results are described which indicate that, when antibody-antigen complexes are incubated (37 degrees C) in fresh serum, a heat-stable (56 degrees C) substance (or substances) is produced which acts directly as a chemotactic stimulus on the polymorphs. This heat-stable chemotactic substance is not produced when antibody-antigen complexes are incubated in serum which has been heated at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes.

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Microscale technologies for tissue engineering and biology

2006-02-13

Ali Khademhosseini , Róbert Langer , Jeffrey T. Borenstein +1 more

Microscale technologies are emerging as powerful tools for tissue engineering and biological studies. In this review, we present an overview of these technologies in various tissue engineering applications, such as … Microscale technologies are emerging as powerful tools for tissue engineering and biological studies. In this review, we present an overview of these technologies in various tissue engineering applications, such as for fabricating 3D microfabricated scaffolds, as templates for cell aggregate formation, or for fabricating materials in a spatially regulated manner. In addition, we give examples of the use of microscale technologies for controlling the cellular microenvironment in vitro and for performing high-throughput assays. The use of microfluidics, surface patterning, and patterned cocultures in regulating various aspects of cellular microenvironment is discussed, as well as the application of these technologies in directing cell fate and elucidating the underlying biology. Throughout this review, we will use specific examples where available and will provide trends and future directions in the field.

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Designing Cell-Compatible Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

2012-05-31

Dror Seliktar

Hydrogels are polymeric materials distinguished by high water content and diverse physical properties. They can be engineered to resemble the extracellular environment of the body's tissues in ways that enable … Hydrogels are polymeric materials distinguished by high water content and diverse physical properties. They can be engineered to resemble the extracellular environment of the body's tissues in ways that enable their use in medical implants, biosensors, and drug-delivery devices. Cell-compatible hydrogels are designed by using a strategy of coordinated control over physical properties and bioactivity to influence specific interactions with cellular systems, including spatial and temporal patterns of biochemical and biomechanical cues known to modulate cell behavior. Important new discoveries in stem cell research, cancer biology, and cellular morphogenesis have been realized with model hydrogel systems premised on these designs. Basic and clinical applications for hydrogels in cell therapy, tissue engineering, and biomedical research continue to drive design improvements using performance-based materials engineering paradigms.

Biomaterials: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going

2004-07-15

Buddy D. Ratner , Stephanie J. Bryant

Since its inception just over a half century ago, the field of biomaterials has seen a consistent growth with a steady introduction of new ideas and productive branches. This review … Since its inception just over a half century ago, the field of biomaterials has seen a consistent growth with a steady introduction of new ideas and productive branches. This review describes where we have been, the state of the art today, and where we might be in 10 or 20 years. Herein, we highlight some of the latest advancements in biomaterials that aim to control biological responses and ultimately heal. This new generation of biomaterials includes surface modification of materials to overcome nonspecific protein adsorption in vivo, precision immobilization of signaling groups on surfaces, development of synthetic materials with controlled properties for drug and cell carriers, biologically inspired materials that mimic natural processes, and design of sophisticated three-dimensional (3-D) architectures to produce well-defined patterns for diagnostics, e.g., biological microelectromechanical systems (bioMEMs), and tissue engineering.

Printing three-dimensional tissue analogues with decellularized extracellular matrix bioink

2014-06-02

Falguni Pati , Jinah Jang , Dong-Heon Ha +5 more

The ability to print and pattern all the components that make up a tissue (cells and matrix materials) in three dimensions to generate structures similar to tissues is an exciting … The ability to print and pattern all the components that make up a tissue (cells and matrix materials) in three dimensions to generate structures similar to tissues is an exciting prospect of bioprinting. However, the majority of the matrix materials used so far for bioprinting cannot represent the complexity of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and thus are unable to reconstitute the intrinsic cellular morphologies and functions. Here, we develop a method for the bioprinting of cell-laden constructs with novel decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) bioink capable of providing an optimized microenvironment conducive to the growth of three-dimensional structured tissue. We show the versatility and flexibility of the developed bioprinting process using tissue-specific dECM bioinks, including adipose, cartilage and heart tissues, capable of providing crucial cues for cells engraftment, survival and long-term function. We achieve high cell viability and functionality of the printed dECM structures using our bioprinting method. The application of 3D printing to biomaterials presents interesting possibilities for tissue engineering. Here, the authors show that a printing medium derived from an extracellular matrix can be applied to printing tissue analogues with enhanced cell compatibility.

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Capturing complex 3D tissue physiology in vitro

2006-03-01

Linda G. Griffith , Melody A. Swartz

Evaluation of a tetrazolium-based semiautomated colorimetric assay: assessment of chemosensitivity testing.

1987-02-15

James Carmichael , William DeGraff , Adi F. Gazdar +2 more

Drug sensitivity assays were performed using a variation of a colorimetric [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)] assay on V79, CHO-AuxB1, CHRC5, NCI-H460, and NCI-H249 cell lines following optimization of experimental conditions for … Drug sensitivity assays were performed using a variation of a colorimetric [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)] assay on V79, CHO-AuxB1, CHRC5, NCI-H460, and NCI-H249 cell lines following optimization of experimental conditions for each cell line. Results from this assay were compared with data assimilated simultaneously by clonogenic assay and by dye exclusion assay. Good correlation was observed using the CHO-AuxB1 cell line and the pleiotropic drug-resistant mutant CHRC5, with similar degrees of relative resistance observed with both the MTT and clonogenic assays. Good correlation was observed between the clonogenic and MTT assays for 1-h drug exposures, although the MTT assay was more sensitive to vinblastine. In general, the clonogenic assay was more sensitive when continuous drug exposures were utilized, although this was primarily related to the increased drug exposure time. While the use of the MTT assay in drug sensitivity testing of primary tumor samples is limited, since contaminating normal cells may also reduce the tetrazolium, the MTT assay can be semiautomated, and therefore it offers a valid, simple method of assessing chemosensitivity in established cell lines.

TEER Measurement Techniques for In Vitro Barrier Model Systems

2015-01-14

Balaji Srinivasan , Aditya Reddy Kolli , Mandy B. Esch +3 more

Transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a widely accepted quantitative technique to measure the integrity of tight junction dynamics in cell culture models of endothelial and epithelial monolayers. TEER values are … Transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a widely accepted quantitative technique to measure the integrity of tight junction dynamics in cell culture models of endothelial and epithelial monolayers. TEER values are strong indicators of the integrity of the cellular barriers before they are evaluated for transport of drugs or chemicals. TEER measurements can be performed in real time without cell damage and generally are based on measuring ohmic resistance or measuring impedance across a wide spectrum of frequencies. The measurements for various cell types have been reported with commercially available measurement systems and also with custom-built microfluidic implementations. Some of the barrier models that have been widely characterized using TEER include the blood–brain barrier (BBB), gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and pulmonary models. Variations in these values can arise due to factors such as temperature, medium formulation, and passage number of cells. The aim of this article is to review the different TEER measurement techniques and analyze their strengths and weaknesses, determine the significance of TEER in drug toxicity studies, examine the various in vitro models and microfluidic organs-on-chips implementations using TEER measurements in some widely studied barrier models (BBB, GI tract, and pulmonary), and discuss the various factors that can affect TEER measurements.

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Deconstructing the third dimension – how 3D culture microenvironments alter cellular cues

2012-01-01

Brendon M. Baker , Christopher S. Chen

Much of our understanding of the biological mechanisms that underlie cellular functions, such as migration, differentiation and force-sensing has been garnered from studying cells cultured on two-dimensional (2D) glass or … Much of our understanding of the biological mechanisms that underlie cellular functions, such as migration, differentiation and force-sensing has been garnered from studying cells cultured on two-dimensional (2D) glass or plastic surfaces. However, more recently the cell biology field has come to appreciate the dissimilarity between these flat surfaces and the topographically complex, three-dimensional (3D) extracellular environments in which cells routinely operate in vivo. This has spurred substantial efforts towards the development of in vitro 3D biomimetic environments and has encouraged much cross-disciplinary work among biologists, material scientists and tissue engineers. As we move towards more-physiological culture systems for studying fundamental cellular processes, it is crucial to define exactly which factors are operative in 3D microenvironments. Thus, the focus of this Commentary will be on identifying and describing the fundamental features of 3D cell culture systems that influence cell structure, adhesion, mechanotransduction and signaling in response to soluble factors, which - in turn - regulate overall cellular function in ways that depart dramatically from traditional 2D culture formats. Additionally, we will describe experimental scenarios in which 3D culture is particularly relevant, highlight recent advances in materials engineering for studying cell biology, and discuss examples where studying cells in a 3D context provided insights that would not have been observed in traditional 2D systems.

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Human gut-on-a-chip inhabited by microbial flora that experiences intestinal peristalsis-like motions and flow

2012-01-01

Hyun Jung Kim , Dongeun Huh , Geraldine A. Hamilton +1 more

Development of an in vitro living cell-based model of the intestine that mimics the mechanical, structural, absorptive, transport and pathophysiological properties of the human gut along with its crucial microbial … Development of an in vitro living cell-based model of the intestine that mimics the mechanical, structural, absorptive, transport and pathophysiological properties of the human gut along with its crucial microbial symbionts could accelerate pharmaceutical development, and potentially replace animal testing. Here, we describe a biomimetic 'human gut-on-a-chip' microdevice composed of two microfluidic channels separated by a porous flexible membrane coated with extracellular matrix (ECM) and lined by human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells that mimics the complex structure and physiology of living intestine. The gut microenvironment is recreated by flowing fluid at a low rate (30 μL h−1) producing low shear stress (0.02 dyne cm−2) over the microchannels, and by exerting cyclic strain (10%; 0.15 Hz) that mimics physiological peristaltic motions. Under these conditions, a columnar epithelium develops that polarizes rapidly, spontaneously grows into folds that recapitulate the structure of intestinal villi, and forms a high integrity barrier to small molecules that better mimics whole intestine than cells in cultured in static Transwell models. In addition, a normal intestinal microbe (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) can be successfully co-cultured for extended periods (>1 week) on the luminal surface of the cultured epithelium without compromising epithelial cell viability, and this actually improves barrier function as previously observed in humans. Thus, this gut-on-a-chip recapitulates multiple dynamic physical and functional features of human intestine that are critical for its function within a controlled microfluidic environment that is amenable for transport, absorption, and toxicity studies, and hence it should have great value for drug testing as well as development of novel intestinal disease models.

Recent advances in 3D printing of biomaterials

2015-02-28

Helena N. Chia , Benjamin M. Wu

3D Printing promises to produce complex biomedical devices according to computer design using patient-specific anatomical data. Since its initial use as pre-surgical visualization models and tooling molds, 3D Printing has … 3D Printing promises to produce complex biomedical devices according to computer design using patient-specific anatomical data. Since its initial use as pre-surgical visualization models and tooling molds, 3D Printing has slowly evolved to create one-of-a-kind devices, implants, scaffolds for tissue engineering, diagnostic platforms, and drug delivery systems. Fueled by the recent explosion in public interest and access to affordable printers, there is renewed interest to combine stem cells with custom 3D scaffolds for personalized regenerative medicine. Before 3D Printing can be used routinely for the regeneration of complex tissues (e.g. bone, cartilage, muscles, vessels, nerves in the craniomaxillofacial complex), and complex organs with intricate 3D microarchitecture (e.g. liver, lymphoid organs), several technological limitations must be addressed. In this review, the major materials and technology advances within the last five years for each of the common 3D Printing technologies (Three Dimensional Printing, Fused Deposition Modeling, Selective Laser Sintering, Stereolithography, and 3D Plotting/Direct-Write/Bioprinting) are described. Examples are highlighted to illustrate progress of each technology in tissue engineering, and key limitations are identified to motivate future research and advance this fascinating field of advanced manufacturing.

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Current advances and future perspectives in extrusion-based bioprinting

2015-11-04

İbrahim T. Özbolat , Monika Hospodiuk

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3D bioprinting for engineering complex tissues

2015-12-23

Christian Mandrycky , Zongjie Wang , Keekyoung Kim +1 more

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A 3D bioprinting system to produce human-scale tissue constructs with structural integrity

2016-02-15

Hyun‐Wook Kang , Sang Jin Lee , In Kap Ko +3 more

Three-dimensional printing of complex biological structures by freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels

2015-10-02

Thomas J. Hinton , Quentin Jallerat , Rachelle N. Palchesko +6 more

We demonstrate the additive manufacturing of complex three-dimensional (3D) biological structures using soft protein and polysaccharide hydrogels that are challenging or impossible to create using traditional fabrication approaches. These structures … We demonstrate the additive manufacturing of complex three-dimensional (3D) biological structures using soft protein and polysaccharide hydrogels that are challenging or impossible to create using traditional fabrication approaches. These structures are built by embedding the printed hydrogel within a secondary hydrogel that serves as a temporary, thermoreversible, and biocompatible support. This process, termed freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels, enables 3D printing of hydrated materials with an elastic modulus <500 kPa including alginate, collagen, and fibrin. Computer-aided design models of 3D optical, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging data were 3D printed at a resolution of ~200 μm and at low cost by leveraging open-source hardware and software tools. Proof-of-concept structures based on femurs, branched coronary arteries, trabeculated embryonic hearts, and human brains were mechanically robust and recreated complex 3D internal and external anatomical architectures.

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Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Systems and Their Applications in Drug Discovery and Cell-Based Biosensors

2014-05-01

Rasheena Edmondson , Jessica Jenkins Broglie , Audrey F. Adcock +1 more

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems have gained increasing interest in drug discovery and tissue engineering due to their evident advantages in providing more physiologically relevant information and more predictive data … Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems have gained increasing interest in drug discovery and tissue engineering due to their evident advantages in providing more physiologically relevant information and more predictive data for in vivo tests. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of 3D cell culture systems in comparison to the two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture, focusing on cell growth conditions, cell proliferation, population, and gene and protein expression profiles. The innovations and development in 3D culture systems for drug discovery over the past 5 years are also reviewed in the article, emphasizing the cellular response to different classes of anticancer drugs, focusing particularly on similarities and differences between 3D and 2D models across the field. The progression and advancement in the application of 3D cell cultures in cell-based biosensors is another focal point of this review.

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A practical guide to hydrogels for cell culture

2016-04-28

Steven R. Caliari , Jason A. Burdick

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Advances in engineering hydrogels

2017-05-04

Yu Shrike Zhang , Ali Khademhosseini

Wet, soft, squishy, and tunable Hydrogels are highly cross-linked polymer networks that are heavily swollen with water. Hydrogels have been used as dynamic, tunable, degradable materials for growing cells and … Wet, soft, squishy, and tunable Hydrogels are highly cross-linked polymer networks that are heavily swollen with water. Hydrogels have been used as dynamic, tunable, degradable materials for growing cells and tissues. Zhang and Khademhosseini review the advances in making hydrogels with improved mechanical strength and greater flexibility for use in a wide range of applications. Science , this issue p. eaaf3627

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Modeling Physiological Events in 2D vs. 3D Cell Culture

2017-06-14

Kayla Duval , Hannah Grover , Li‐Hsin Han +4 more

Cell culture has become an indispensable tool to help uncover fundamental biophysical and biomolecular mechanisms by which cells assemble into tissues and organs, how these tissues function, and how that … Cell culture has become an indispensable tool to help uncover fundamental biophysical and biomolecular mechanisms by which cells assemble into tissues and organs, how these tissues function, and how that function becomes disrupted in disease. Cell culture is now widely used in biomedical research, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and industrial practices. Although flat, two-dimensional (2D) cell culture has predominated, recent research has shifted toward culture using three-dimensional (3D) structures, and more realistic biochemical and biomechanical microenvironments. Nevertheless, in 3D cell culture, many challenges remain, including the tissue-tissue interface, the mechanical microenvironment, and the spatiotemporal distributions of oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic wastes. Here, we review 2D and 3D cell culture methods, discuss advantages and limitations of these techniques in modeling physiologically and pathologically relevant processes, and suggest directions for future research.

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3D bioprinting of collagen to rebuild components of the human heart

2019-08-01

Andrew Lee , Andrew R. Hudson , Daniel J. Shiwarski +6 more

If I only had a heart 3D bioprinting is still a fairly new technique that has been limited in terms of resolution and by the materials that can be printed. … If I only had a heart 3D bioprinting is still a fairly new technique that has been limited in terms of resolution and by the materials that can be printed. Lee et al. describe a 3D printing technique to build complex collagen scaffolds for engineering biological tissues (see the Perspective by Dasgupta and Black). Collagen gelation was controlled by modulation of pH and could provide up to 10-micrometer resolution on printing. Cells could be embedded in the collagen or pores could be introduced into the scaffold via embedding of gelatin spheres. The authors demonstrated successful 3D printing of five components of the human heart spanning capillary to full-organ scale, which they validated for tissue and organ function. Science , this issue p. 482 ; see also p. 446

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The isolation of nerve endings from brain: an electron-microscopic study of cell fragments derived by homogenization and centrifugation.

1962-01-01

E. G. Gray , V. P. Whittaker

Regulatory Guidance on CMC of Nanoparticles

2025-06-25

Ganesh Jadhav , Amit Dabke , Ajay J. Khopade | CRC Press eBooks

Advanced 3PM strategies in traditional Chinese medicine gels for wound healing integrating 3D/4D printing, network pharmacology and multiomics technologies

2025-06-25

Shaoqing Ni , Wenyang Zhao , Karthikeyan Elumalai +1 more | The EPMA Journal

Smart ultra-long-lasting sequentially triggerable and artfully implantable nozzle system for on-demand drug delivery for chronotherapy

2025-06-25

Qi Zeng , Yusheng Gong , Wanju Jiao +7 more | Science Advances

Conventional drug delivery methods for chronic disease often suffer from low potency and poor patient compliance, while current advanced devices face limitations because of bulkiness, frequent implantation needs, inflammation risk, … Conventional drug delivery methods for chronic disease often suffer from low potency and poor patient compliance, while current advanced devices face limitations because of bulkiness, frequent implantation needs, inflammation risk, and lack of precise control. To overcome these challenges, we developed the SUSTAIN-a smart, ultra-long-lasting, sequentially triggerable, and artfully implantable nozzle system. The SUSTAIN integrates an osmotic pressure-triggered module, an airflow-generated T-pipe (AGT), and a drug infusion pump (DIP) for controlled subcutaneous drug release. The AGT enables tunable dosing by varying NaHCO3/KH2PO4 powder amounts, while shear thinning of the β-cyclodextrin/Pluronic F-127 hydrogel in the DIP ensures sustained drug infusion. In vivo studies show that the SUSTAIN delivers at least four doses of levothyroxine sodium over 10 days and three doses of semaglutide over 42 days, maintaining effective blood drug levels with minimal invasiveness. This system presents a highly promising solution for improving therapeutic outcomes and convenience in chronic disease management.

3D Printing of Enzymatically Softening Hydrogel Biomaterials

2025-06-25

Olivia P. Dotson , Sherina Malkani , Inkyung Kang +2 more | Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine

Bio-inspired Functionalized Craniomaxillofacial Implant 3D-printed of Polyether-Ether-Ketone

2025-06-24

Niko Moritz | International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Advances in cell spheroid technology towards complex tissue formation guided by microfabrication and biomaterial innovations

2025-06-24

Rabi Ibrahim Saleh , Chaenyung Cha | Biofabrication

Abstract Spheroids have become a de facto model three-dimensional (3D) tissue for studying various biological phenomena. While the technology to produce spheroids has become highly accessible and is routinely used … Abstract Spheroids have become a de facto model three-dimensional (3D) tissue for studying various biological phenomena. While the technology to produce spheroids has become highly accessible and is routinely used by researchers, it has quite a long history, going through successive advances incorporating various scientific and engineering principles to acquire efficiency, accuracy, and high-throughput capability. More recently, the spheroid technology is advancing towards recapitulating complex physiological features, especially introducing extracellular components via biomaterials to more accurately portray tissue microenvironment. This review introduces and chronicles the advancement in spheroid technology in historical perspective, highlighting the key attributes of various techniques with notable examples. The spheroid technology is for convenience divided into three different generations, based on the era and the level of technological sophistication.&#xD;

Hybrid Therapeutic Modalities: Scalable Data Infrastructure for Converging Digital and Pharmacological Treatments

2025-06-24

Sravish Nalam | Journal of Computer Science and Technology Studies

The remainder of this article is organized to provide a comprehensive exploration of the proposed architecture and its applications in healthcare and life sciences. Section 2 provides background on digital … The remainder of this article is organized to provide a comprehensive exploration of the proposed architecture and its applications in healthcare and life sciences. Section 2 provides background on digital therapeutics evolution and reviews related work in healthcare data integration architectures, establishing the context for the proposed framework. Section 3 presents the architecture framework in detail, including core components, data integration mechanisms, and scalability design principles. Section 4 examines the AI/ML analytics layer, discussing advanced analytics capabilities and observability frameworks essential for reliable clinical decision support. Section 5 explores applications in life sciences, covering clinical trial enhancement, drug development optimization, and regulatory compliance considerations, while Section 6 concludes with implications for future healthcare delivery models and identifies directions for continued research and development in this rapidly evolving field.The growth of digital therapeutics has grown from a more basic form of digital health into clinical evidence-based interventions that directly treat, manage, or even prevent medical conditions, and has now gone from a suite of aggregated behavioral intervention solutions or interventions based on physiological or sensor input to the ability to deliver the multi-layered therapeutic interventions, which not only can reflect and benefit from real-time data inputs, but also have distinct algorithms for intervention based on patient behaviors, and adapt over time (a.k.a. dynamic adapting). Moreover, the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning has taken to the next level the sophistication of monitoring and interventions utilizing both predictive behavior modeling and dynamic optimization. Digital therapeutics and digital health finally gained meaningful traction among healthcare providers who clinically delivered diabetes management programs, depression screeners, substance use disorder treatments, and chronic pain management tools, and consistently ensured a deeper understanding of their patient's response to "treatment" by leveraging mobile and web-based applications, wearables and sensors, virtual and augmented reality platforms, and an emerging connected medical devices ecosystem - all while clinically ensuring that credibility and clinical evidence was elicited through rigorous clinical trials similar to those present for pharmaceutical products. [3] Healthcare organizations have used a variety of strategies to solve data integration challenges, evolving from a model of traditional point-to-point connections that allowed for basic data exchange but created complicated networks of integration, and moving toward the adoption of hub-and-spoke architectures that used integration engines to centralize data routing and transformation logic. The development of health information exchanges (HIEs) was an important step forward to allow for seamless sharing of data between organizations in an organized way based on standard protocols and agreed upon governance, albeit one that was intended for use in non-real time data sharing and for formal data requests, and struggled with the integration of emerging new sources of data such as digital health applications. The most current approaches for integrating health data have used API-first architectures (often through cloud-based integration platforms) that have taken advantage of standards like FHIR in order to provide programmatic, hierarchy-free access to clinical data while still enforcing security and privacy controls. Cloud-based options have become powerful solutions due to scalability, flexibility, and the use of features supporting advanced analytics. While there are various cloud-based health data integration platforms available, there have also been advances with microservices and containerized deployments to deliver more flexibility in integration, and while there have been advancements to achieve open access, they do not describe or optimize the particularities of the data streams that will be combined from both a digital therapeutic and pharmaceutical context [4]. The convergence of digital therapeutics (DTx) with traditional pharmaceutical interventions represents a transformative shift in healthcare delivery, necessitating sophisticated data architectures that can manage multimodal clinical information. This article presents a comprehensive framework for integrating DTx platforms with enterprise healthcare systems through cloud-native infrastructure, Delta Lake-based data lakehouses, and FHIR/HL7-compliant APIs. The proposed architecture utilizes event-driven pipelines and domain-oriented data mesh principles to facilitate the scalable ingestion and governance of diverse data streams, including patient engagement metrics, sensor outputs, prescription records, and laboratory results. Advanced machine learning algorithms facilitate cross-modal insights such as behavioral response prediction, dynamic dosing recommendations, and early detection of non-adherence patterns. The framework incorporates AI observability mechanisms to ensure model reliability, auditability, and performance monitoring across deployed decision-support tools. Implementation of this architecture enhances clinical trial design through real-world behavior-linked endpoints, enables precision patient segmentation using digital biomarkers, and improves drug efficacy analysis by correlating pharmacologic and digital engagement data. The system supports regulatory-grade evidence generation for combination therapies while reducing development cycle times and enhancing post-market surveillance capabilities. By bridging clinical data silos with AI-ready architectures and continuous feedback loops, this integrated framework advances therapeutic outcomes and drives innovation in pharmacovigilance, commercial analytics, and real-world evidence generation for life sciences organizations.

Embedded 3D‐Coaxial Bioprinting of Stenotic Brain Vessels with a Mechanically Enhanced Extracellular Matrix Bioink for Investigating Hemodynamic Force‐Induced Endothelial Responses

2025-06-24

Wonbin Park , Min‐Ju Choi , Jae‐Seong Lee +5 more | Advanced Functional Materials

Abstract Stenotic regions in cerebral vessels are implicated in diseases such as atherosclerosis, where shear‐responsive endothelial function is critical to disease progression. However, studying flow‐induced inflammation remains challenging due to … Abstract Stenotic regions in cerebral vessels are implicated in diseases such as atherosclerosis, where shear‐responsive endothelial function is critical to disease progression. However, studying flow‐induced inflammation remains challenging due to the complexity of in vivo conditions, highlighting the need for a well‐engineered in vitro model. A physiologically relevant in vitro model of stenotic brain vessels using 3D‐coaxial bioprinting and a mechanically enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) bioink is developed to investigate flow‐induced endothelial inflammation. The hybrid bioink, composed of vascular decellularized ECM, collagen, and alginate, exhibits an approximately 65‐fold increase in dynamic modulus, enabling stable formation of perfusable structures. Printing parameter optimization facilitates precise fabrication of stenotic vessels with a luminal diameter of 250–500 µm. Computational fluid dynamics simulations under an inlet flow rate of 3 mL min −1 predict disturbed fluid flow in stenotic regions. The bioprinted vessels exhibit continuous endothelial coverage, expression of junction proteins (CD31, ZO‐1, and VE‐cadherin), and size‐dependent permeability, indicating a mature vascular barrier formation. Under disturbed flow conditions, ICAM‐1 (approximately 2.2‐fold) and VCAM‐1 (approximately 1.5‐fold) are upregulated, confirming the hemodynamic stress‐induced inflammation. These findings highlight the potential of 3D bioprinting for modeling cerebrovascular disease in vitro and paving the way for future therapeutic innovation.

Osmotic pressure induces unexpected relaxation of contractile 3D microtissue

2025-06-24

Giovanni Cappello , Fanny Wodrascka , Genesis Marquez-Vivas +7 more | The European Physical Journal E

Cell contraction and proliferation, matrix secretion and external mechanical forces induce compression during embryogenesis and tumor growth, which in turn regulate cell proliferation, metabolism or differentiation. How compression affects tissue … Cell contraction and proliferation, matrix secretion and external mechanical forces induce compression during embryogenesis and tumor growth, which in turn regulate cell proliferation, metabolism or differentiation. How compression affects tissue contractility, a hallmark of tissue function, is however unknown. Here we apply osmotic compression to microtissues of either mouse colon adenocarcinoma CT26 cells, mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, or human primary colon cancer-associated fibroblasts. Microtissues are anchored to flexible pillars that serve as force transducers. We observe that low-amplitude osmotic compression induces a rapid relaxation of tissue contractility, primed by the deformation of the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, we show that this compression-induced relaxation is independent of the cell type, proportional to the initial tissue contractility, and depends on RhoA-mediated myosin activity. Together, our results demonstrate that compressive stress can relax active tissue force, and points to a potential role of this feedback mechanism during morphogenetic events such as onco- or embryogenesis.

The Influence of Magnetothermal Stimulation on Viability of Cells in 2D Cultures and 3D Magnetic Collagen Gels

2025-06-23

Shahar Shalom , Ekaterina Kuznetsova , Gal Shklarski Shchori +4 more | Advanced Electronic Materials

Abstract Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) hold great promise for bioelectronic medicine, particularly as transducers of remote activation to control cell function. MNPs in the 20–30 nm size range efficiently dissipate heat … Abstract Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) hold great promise for bioelectronic medicine, particularly as transducers of remote activation to control cell function. MNPs in the 20–30 nm size range efficiently dissipate heat under alternating magnetic fields (AMFs), enabling control of heat‐sensitive receptors that regulate electrogenic cell signaling. However, effective magnetothermal stimulation tools must maintain cell viability and optimally deliver heat to the cellular microenvironment. Moreover, improved in vitro models, particularly 3D cultures that better mimic the cell microenvironment, are needed to assess magnetothermal stimulation before transitioning to in vivo demonstrations. This study examined cell viability under AMF conditions with different heating rates and stimulation durations. In addition, a tunable magnetic collagen gel is developed to support magnetothermal stimulation while allowing control over heat dissipation and mechanical properties by adjusting MNP concentration inside the gel. Cells embedded within the stimuli‐responsive magnetic gel exhibited proliferation and cytoskeletal organization, suggesting its suitability as a biological implant. These findings advance the design of magnetothermal stimulation systems and pave new avenues for bioelectronic medicine, including the integration of magnetic implants in cell therapies.

Development and Optimization of Resorbable Biomaterials and Advanced 3D Scaffold Fabrication Techniques for Tissue Engineering Application

2025-06-23

Mohamed Jalaludeen Abdulkadhar , Santhoshkumar Jayakodi , R. Purushothaman +5 more | Chemistry - An Asian Journal

Tissue engineering has advanced significantly, driven by innovations in resorbable biomaterials and 3D scaffolds that serve as critical frameworks for tissue regeneration. This review highlights the integration of natural and … Tissue engineering has advanced significantly, driven by innovations in resorbable biomaterials and 3D scaffolds that serve as critical frameworks for tissue regeneration. This review highlights the integration of natural and synthetic polymers into scaffold design, emphasizing their capacity to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and support cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The incorporation of advanced fabrication techniques such as 3D printing, nanotechnology, and electrospinning has enhanced scaffold functionality and precision, enabling the creation of patient-specific constructs. Significant challenges include balancing scaffold degradation rates with mechanical strength, managing immune responses, and optimizing biofabrication methods for clinical translation. Emerging materials, including bioactive polymers, nanogels, and graphene-based scaffolds, along with advancements in biofabrication such as 4D printing, demonstrate significant potential for addressing these limitations. This review emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, regulatory adaptation, and continuous research to transform scaffold technologies from experimental models into practical applications. This progress is crucial for improving clinical outcomes in regenerative medicine and for addressing complex tissue engineering challenges.

Next-Generation Biomaterials for Load-Bearing Tissue Interfaces: Sensor-Integrated Scaffolds and Mechanoadaptive Constructs for Skeletal Regeneration

2025-06-23

Rahul Kumar , Kyle Sporn , Pranay Prabhakar +7 more | Journal of Functional Biomaterials

Advancements in load-bearing tissue repair increasingly demand biomaterials that not only support structural integrity but also interact dynamically with the physiological environment. This review examines the latest progress in smart … Advancements in load-bearing tissue repair increasingly demand biomaterials that not only support structural integrity but also interact dynamically with the physiological environment. This review examines the latest progress in smart biomaterials designed for skeletal reconstruction, with emphasis on mechanoresponsive scaffolds, bioactive composites, and integrated microsensors for real-time monitoring. We explore material formulations that enhance osseointegration, resist micromotion-induced loosening, and modulate inflammatory responses at the bone–implant interface. Additionally, we assess novel fabrication methods—such as additive manufacturing and gradient-based material deposition—for tailoring stiffness, porosity, and degradation profiles to match host biomechanics. Special attention is given to sensor-augmented platforms capable of detecting mechanical strain, biofilm formation, and early-stage implant failure. Together, these technologies promise a new class of bioresponsive, diagnostic-capable constructs that extend beyond static support to become active agents in regenerative healing and post-operative monitoring. This multidisciplinary review integrates insights from materials science, mechanobiology, and device engineering to inform the future of implantable systems in skeletal tissue repair.

Engineering Biomaterial Scaffolds for Melanoma: Innovations in 3D Printing and Nanoparticle–Hydrogel Scaffolds for Enhanced Drug Delivery

2025-06-23

H. S. Praveen , N. Raghavendra Naveen , Prakash Goudanavar | Deleted Journal

ESAO 2025 Innovations in (bio)artificial organs and organ models

2025-06-23

| The International Journal of Artificial Organs

High‐Resolution Heterogeneous Hydrogel Printing Using a Home Projector

2025-06-23

Zhangkang Li , Jaemyung Shin , Kartikeya Dixit +6 more | Small Methods

Abstract Soft hydrogels are being increasingly recognized for their versatility and unique properties, making them attractive for a range of applications in tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and beyond. Among fabrication … Abstract Soft hydrogels are being increasingly recognized for their versatility and unique properties, making them attractive for a range of applications in tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and beyond. Among fabrication methods, 3D printing stands out for its precise control over material distribution, enabling the creation of complex structures. Traditional printing methods, however, struggle to produce heterogeneous hydrogels with diverse properties. Here, a novel approach is introduced utilizing polyvinyl alcohol bearing styrylpyridinium groups (PVA‐SbQ) for high‐resolution heterogeneous hydrogel printing. By leveraging the photoreactive nature of PVA‐SbQ, precise control over crosslinking time at different positions within a PVA‐SbQ hydrogel is demonstrated using a simple home projector. This enables the creation of intricate patterns with tailored properties within a heterogeneous hydrogel, showcasing synergistic combinations of soft and tough domains, as well as high and low swelling regions. The method not only advances the field of hydrogel printing but also holds promise for applications in pattern encryption, 4D printing, cell organization, and cell alignment. By overcoming the limitations of traditional printing techniques, the approach opens new avenues for the fabrication of complex and heterogeneous hydrogel structures with diverse applications in biomedical engineering and beyond.

3D Printed Biomedical Theranostic Microbots for Colorectal Cancer

2025-06-23

P. Velmurugan , Suresh Kumar Saravanan , Veni Subramanyam +1 more | CRC Press eBooks

Advances in Biohybrid Microbots in Colon Cancer Therapy

2025-06-23

K. Girish Kanavi , Gowrav Bharadwaj , R. Mythreyi +3 more | CRC Press eBooks

Emerging Trends in CAR Therapy for the Treatment of Cancer: A Literature Review

2025-06-23

Claire Grant | Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal

Study on Controlling 3D Printed Drug Release RatesStudy on controlling 3D printed drug release rates based on model structural adjustment

2025-06-23

Ruyue Dong , Xiaolu Han , Zhiqiang Tang +7 more | Pharmaceutical Development and Technology

As an emerging technology, 3D printing facilitates the fabrication of complex preparations and enables controlled drug release. This study integrated semi-solid extrusion (SSE) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) to develop … As an emerging technology, 3D printing facilitates the fabrication of complex preparations and enables controlled drug release. This study integrated semi-solid extrusion (SSE) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) to develop core-shell structured sustained-release tablets (CSRT) with varying release profiles, exploring how structural design influences release behavior. Propranolol hydrochloride was selected as the model drug. Drug-loaded cores with different filling rates were prepared using SSE and characterized for appearance, hardness, XRD, and release properties. Shells with varying release windows were fabricated using FDM. Subsequently, shells and cores were assembled. Micro-CT was employed for microstructural characterization, while drug assay and release properties were assessed. The results indicated that cores exhibited a good appearance, and the SSE process had no effect on the crystal type. Adjusting the filling rate allowed for slight modulation of drug release while the shell structure effectively prolonged drug release. The CSRT displayed no significant internal defects, and the assay met the United States Pharmacopoeia-National Formulary 2024 (USP-NF 2024) requirements. Adjusting release windows resulted in a sustained release ranging from 8 to 24 h, with the release profile conforming to first-order kinetics (R2 values ranging from 0.961 to 0.999). These findings provide practical strategies for controlling drug release rates.

Fabrication of a novel porous silicon biomembrane for applications in organ-on-chip technology

2025-06-23

Marcus A. C. Williams , Cooper Wiens , Sahra Genc +4 more | Biomedical Microdevices

Conventional in vitro and preclinical animal models often fail to accurately replicate the complexity of human diseases, limiting the success of translational studies and contributing to the low success rate … Conventional in vitro and preclinical animal models often fail to accurately replicate the complexity of human diseases, limiting the success of translational studies and contributing to the low success rate of clinical trials (Ingber 2016). In response, research has increasingly focused on organ-on-chip technology, which better mimics human tissue interfaces and organ functionality. In this study, we describe the fabrication of a novel biomembrane made of porous silicon (PSi) for use in organ-on-chip systems. This biomembrane more accurately simulates the complex tissue interfaces observed in vivo compared to conventional organ-on-chip interfaces. By leveraging established semiconductor techniques, such as anisotropic chemical etching and electrochemical anodization, we developed a reproducible method to create ultra-thin freestanding PSi biomembranes. These membranes were thinned to approximately 10 μm and anodized to contain nanoporous structures (~ 15 nm diameter) that permeate the entire membrane. The incorporation of these membranes into organ-on-chip-like devices demonstrated their functionality in a lung-on-a-chip (LOAC) model system. The results indicate that the PSi biomembranes support cellular viability and adhesion, and are consistent with the expected diffusion of nutrients and signaling molecules between distinct cell types. This novel approach provides a reliable method for generating PSi biomembranes tailored to mimic tissue interfaces. The study underscores the potential of PSi-based membranes to enhance the accuracy and functionality of organ-on-chip devices in translational research.

In Situ Synthesis of Multifunctional 3D Polymeric Artificial Organelles in Living Cells

2025-06-23

Lulu Zhang , Hao Liu , Huimin Xu +7 more | Journal of the American Chemical Society

Artificial organelles have been developed to restore dysfunction or to introduce new-to-nature functions to the host cells, although limitations, such as instability, still exist. Here, we develop a new strategy … Artificial organelles have been developed to restore dysfunction or to introduce new-to-nature functions to the host cells, although limitations, such as instability, still exist. Here, we develop a new strategy to fabricate structurally stable polymeric "artificial organelles" by in situ crosslinking of multibranched monomers intracellularly using bioorthogonal click chemistry. The fabricated artificial organelles bearing bioorthogonal reactive centers allow for functional molecule conjugation and cargo release, enabling effective cell modification and manipulation. This demonstration opens up a multitude of new possibilities for empowering cells with new functions that surpass or complement their intrinsic capabilities.

Living Cell Materials for Advanced Biomedical Applications in Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

2025-06-23

Fanhui Kong , Jiani Jiang , E.A. Chernova +3 more | Advanced Healthcare Materials

Abstract Tailored and personalized therapies have gained significant attention for their great potential to minimize treatment‐related side effects, mitigate immunological rejection, and improve disease prognosis. In this context, living cell … Abstract Tailored and personalized therapies have gained significant attention for their great potential to minimize treatment‐related side effects, mitigate immunological rejection, and improve disease prognosis. In this context, living cell materials (LCMs)—comprising living cells integrated with synthetic or non‐biological components—synergistically combine the intrinsic properties of living cells with the superior functionalities of synthetic materials, enabling precise disease diagnosis and customized therapies. In this review, the characteristics and advantages of various living mammalian and bacterial cells utilized in the fabrication of living materials are summarized. Different methodologies (encapsulation, surface coating, intracellular loading, and cell backpack) for constructing LCMs, highlighting the benefits and limitations of each approach, along with their diverse applications in diagnosis and treatment are also discussed. Finally, the potential strategies are addressed to enhance the safety of living cell therapies, exploit novel functionalities, and facilitate the translation of fundamental research into clinical practice.

3D-Printed Alginate-Based Hydrogels with Appropriate Rheological Properties and Efficient Development of Cell Spheroids

2025-06-21

Alida Mazzoli , Stefania Greco , Francesca Luzi +7 more | Polymers

In the last years, considerable innovation has been made regarding bioprinting, particularly in the development of cell-loaded hydrogels. The specific properties of the bioinks are crucial for printing an adequate … In the last years, considerable innovation has been made regarding bioprinting, particularly in the development of cell-loaded hydrogels. The specific properties of the bioinks are crucial for printing an adequate cell-laden hydrogel structure. In this research, we aimed to develop a 3D-printable hydrogel using a natural biocompatible polymer. The process is based on the use of sodium alginate subjected to calcium ion cross-linking for immediate stiffness after printing. Using the Cellink INKREDIBLE+ printer (Cellink Inc., Goteborg, Sweden), 3D structures were successfully produced. The developed bioink exhibited a viscosity suitable for extrusion printing while ensuring its structural integrity at the same time. Next, 3D spheroids developed by using bioinks were morphologically characterized by using light, a fluorescent microscope, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). In conclusion, the properties of the construct obtained using the lab-formulated biocompatible polymer hydrogel suggest its potential use as a framework for three-dimensional cell culture, with possible applications in both fields of research and regenerative medicine.

Cell viability in extrusion bioprinting: the impact of process parameters, bioink rheology, and cell mechanics

2025-06-21

Patrick J. McCauley , Catherine A. Fromen , Alexandra V. Bayles | Rheologica Acta

Abstract Extrusion bioprinting is a rapidly developing technology that prints cell-laden materials or “bioinks” to create complex, three-dimensional tissue constructs. This technology could play a key role in tissue engineering, … Abstract Extrusion bioprinting is a rapidly developing technology that prints cell-laden materials or “bioinks” to create complex, three-dimensional tissue constructs. This technology could play a key role in tissue engineering, drug screening, and cancer research. However, cells can be damaged or killed by extrusion forces during printing, limiting throughput and feature resolution. Here, we propose a critical strain-based cell model for predicting cell viability during extrusion that incorporates process parameters, bioink rheology, and cell mechanical properties. We extract parameters from practical nozzle diameters and extrusion flow rates, from power law and Herschel-Bulkley fits to bioink bulk rheology, and from single-cell rheology measurements of cell stiffness and fluidity, and then combine them for the first time to predict viability. This model agrees well with existing cell viability studies and further predicts that cell viability decreases with increasing flow rate, increasing bioink viscosity, increasing nozzle length, or decreasing nozzle radius. Mechanistically, these effects are linked to changes in shear stress or residence time of cells within the nozzle, where the properties of specific cell types dictate their deformation and ultimately damage. This work demonstrates that incorporating cell mechanical properties into cell viability models can improve the qualitative agreement between modeling and experiments and thus provide data-driven guidelines for bioprinting design optimization. Graphical abstract Strong extrusion stresses can impact cell health. Depending on the proccess parameters, bioink rheology, and cell properties, cells can be critically deformed during extrusion bioprinting, resulting in cell death. Damaged cells are predicted to be localized closer to the walls of the nozzle at a radial position r> r $$_{c}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> .

Dual-Cross-linked Methylacrylated Collagen-DPPA Bioinks for Precision DLP Bioprinting and Accelerated Skin Wound Healing

2025-06-21

Lang Xiao , Mingzhu Ye , Yirui Fan +3 more | Biomacromolecules

Digital light processing (DLP) bioprinting, known for its speed and precision, has become a key tool in disease modeling and regenerative medicine. Yet, creating bioinks with optimal printability, bioactivity, and … Digital light processing (DLP) bioprinting, known for its speed and precision, has become a key tool in disease modeling and regenerative medicine. Yet, creating bioinks with optimal printability, bioactivity, and cell-supporting capacity remains a major challenge. Here, we introduce a novel dual-network collagen-based bioink, methyl acrylated collagen-dimethylphenylphosphonate (CMA-DPPA), which enables the fabrication of mechanically robust and highly printable cell-laden constructs through DLP 3D bioprinting. The CMA-DPPA hydrogel is synthesized by cross-linking collagen with DPPA, followed by photo-crosslinking with CMA; this dual-cross-linking approach markedly improves printing fidelity, mechanical strength, and enzymatic degradation resistance of the 3D-printed constructs. The CMA-DPPA hydrogel exhibits excellent biocompatibility, effectively promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration. In a rat model of full-thickness skin defects, CMA-DPPA hydrogel facilitated organized collagen fiber deposition and accelerated epidermal regeneration, thereby expediting wound closure. CMA-DPPA bioink enables precise, robust scaffold fabrication, showing great promise for DLP-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Multiscale mechanics of granular biofilms

2025-06-21

Lisa K Månsson , Anna E Warsaw , Elizabeth G. Wilbanks +1 more | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Many hydrated and soft materials, including biological tissues and assemblies, permit fluid flow while retaining form and function. However, fundamental investigations of these complex materials are challenged by multiscale structural … Many hydrated and soft materials, including biological tissues and assemblies, permit fluid flow while retaining form and function. However, fundamental investigations of these complex materials are challenged by multiscale structural heterogeneity. Here, we characterized the structural and mechanical landscape of "pink berry" granular biofilms to determine the extent to which microscale heterogeneity influences macroscale material properties. We performed mechanical indentation measurements on intact granules as well as nanoindentation measurements on thin sections. We employed advanced imaging to correlate the internal structure and spatial organization of granules with quantitative measurements of their multiscale mechanical properties. We found that pink berries behave like soft (≈1 kPa), strain-rate dependent materials with fast relaxation times (≈1 s), indicating rapid transport of fluids with nutrients and other substances through the granule. Additionally, microscale mechanical measurements revealed individual contributions from the cell microcolonies and the extracellular matrix of the composite, summing to the observed macroscopic mechanical properties by applying the rule of mixtures based on structural composition obtained from imaging with fluorescence light sheet microscopy (≈34% cell microcolonies). This multiscale approach combining imaging and mechanics may be broadly applicable to investigations of other complex soft materials, from synthetic hydrogel composites to biologically heterogeneous spheroids, organoids, and tissues.

ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES IN THE USE OF BACTERIAL CELLULOSE AS A BIO-INK FOR BIOPRINTING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES

2025-06-21

Creciana Maria Endres , Rubieli Carla Frezza Zeferino , Joseane Cristina Bassani +7 more | Revista E-Tech Tecnologias para Competitividade Industrial - ISSN - 1983-1838

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been explored as a promising biomaterial for the formulation of bioinks applied to 3D bioprinting, standing out for its unique physicochemical properties, such as purity, biocompatibility, … Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been explored as a promising biomaterial for the formulation of bioinks applied to 3D bioprinting, standing out for its unique physicochemical properties, such as purity, biocompatibility, nanofibrillar structure and excellent water retention capacity. This work presents a comprehensive review on the use of BC as a base for bioinks, addressing from its production, optimization and chemical modification to its practical applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, food and cosmetic industries. BC demonstrates compatibility with several cell types and can be functionalized to promote cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Bioprinting techniques compatible with BC bioinks, such as extrusion, inkjet, laser-assisted and stereolithography, and the challenges associated with rheology, porosity, vascularization and production scale-up are discussed. Recent strategies include the use of porogenic agents, angiogenic factors, cell co-cultures and in situ modification of BC during its biosynthesis. The sustainability of CB is also highlighted, with emphasis on its biodegradability, low toxicity and potential for production from agro-industrial waste. Finally, the article emphasizes the strategic role of CB in the advancement of sustainable technological solutions, highlighting the need for further research to overcome technical limitations and enable its large-scale application in the medical, pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic areas.

Development of Novel Low-DMSO Cryoprotectant for Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Preservation

2025-06-20

Zhi Guo , Mingxin He , Yidan Zhang +2 more | Journal of Visualized Experiments

Printing and Rerouting of Elastic and Protease Responsive Shape Memory Hydrogel Filaments

2025-06-20

Philip Lifwergren , Viktoria Schoen , Sajjad Naeimipour +7 more | Advanced Healthcare Materials

Abstract The fabrication of mechanically robust and reconfigurable hydrogel filaments remains a major challenge in biofabrication of perfusable architectures, dynamic tissue models, and complex 3D cell‐laden constructs. Conventional extrusion‐based bioprinting … Abstract The fabrication of mechanically robust and reconfigurable hydrogel filaments remains a major challenge in biofabrication of perfusable architectures, dynamic tissue models, and complex 3D cell‐laden constructs. Conventional extrusion‐based bioprinting techniques generate filaments that are soft and fragile, limiting post‐processing, scalability, and functional adaptability. Rerouting of Free‐Floating Suspended Hydrogel Filaments (REFRESH) is introduced as a biofabrication strategy that integrates an aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS)‐compatible elastic extracellular matrix mimicking bioink material with a flexible printing and post‐processing approach to overcome these constraints. This method enables the formation of highly elastic hydrogel filaments cross‐linked via strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) of bicyclo[6.1.0]non‐4‐yne‐functionalized hyaluronan, exhibiting a strain at break exceeding 100%. The printed filaments maintain mechanical integrity during manual handling and post‐processing using textile‐inspired techniques, such as knotting and braiding, into reconfigurable 3D architectures. A distinct shape memory function enables programmed mechanical actuation and recovery of deformed structures. The hydrogel system supports high cell viability across multiple cell types and enables the fabrication of multicellular constructs with spatially defined organization. By incorporating protease‐degradable cross‐linkers, REFRESH‐generated filaments function as sacrificial templates for perfusable tubular structures. This approach significantly expands the biofabrication design space, offering new possibilities for engineering vascularized tissues and complex hydrogel‐based architectures.

Strategies for the vascular patterning of engineered tissues for organ repair

2025-06-20

Kevin D. Janson , Siavash Parkhideh , Joseph W. R. Swain +3 more | Nature Biomedical Engineering

Assessment of Anticancer Effects of <i>Aloe vera</i> on 3D Liver Tumor Spheroids in a Microfluidic Platform

2025-06-20

Atakan Tevlek , Güneş Kibar , Barbaros Çetin | Biotechnology and Bioengineering

ABSTRACT The search for effective anticancer therapies has increasingly focused on natural compounds like Aloe vera , renowned for its therapeutic properties. This study investigates the anticancer properties of Aloe … ABSTRACT The search for effective anticancer therapies has increasingly focused on natural compounds like Aloe vera , renowned for its therapeutic properties. This study investigates the anticancer properties of Aloe vera on 3D liver tumor spheroids via a PDMS‐based microfluidic device, providing a more physiologically realistic model compared to traditional 2D cultures. HepG2 cells were cultivated to generate 3D spheroids on‐chip, thereafter subjected to different concentrations of Aloe vera and the chemotherapeutic drug Doxorubicin to evaluate cytotoxic effects. The microfluidic system, validated by COMSOL simulations, facilitated continuous perfusion and real‐time assessment of cell viability over a duration of 10 days. The results indicated that Aloe vera markedly diminished cell viability by triggering apoptosis at concentrations over 12.5 mg/mL. IC50 values were determined at 72 h: 25 ± 0.10 mg/mL for Aloe vera and 5.47 ± 0.03 µg/mL for Doxorubicin in 2D cultures, but in 3D cultures, the IC50 values were 31.25 ± 0.14 mg/mL for Aloe vera and 8.33 ± 0.05 µg/mL for Doxorubicin. This study underscores the promise of Aloe vera as a natural anticancer agent and illustrates the efficacy of microfluidic platforms for enhanced drug screening and customized medicine applications.

Utilising design of experiment to design an optimised bioink for 3D bioprinting

2025-06-20

A. M. C. Upton , Athina Mylona , Georgina Zimbitas | Journal of Materials Science

Abstract The advancement of bioinks for 3D bioprinting is vital for tissue engineering, requiring precise tailoring of rheological and structural properties. This study employs integration of rheological analysis with a … Abstract The advancement of bioinks for 3D bioprinting is vital for tissue engineering, requiring precise tailoring of rheological and structural properties. This study employs integration of rheological analysis with a design of experiment (DoE) approach, with the aim being the optimisation of bioink formulations comprising of hyaluronic acid, sodium alginate, and dextran-40. A factorial DoE identified sodium alginate as the primary determinant of the bioinks' viscosity, while the mixture DoE established an optimal formulation with a viscosity of 3.275 Pa·s, matching the viscosity of the commercial benchmark. Rheological assessments confirmed the optimised bioink's shear-thinning properties and structural integrity, essential for printability and cellular support. Capability analysis of multiple batches demonstrated process reliability, whereby viscosities were consistently within defined boundaries, emphasising the robustness of the DoE-guided formulation process. This research highlights the potential of combining statistical and rheological methodologies to develop bioinks tailored for specific tissue applications, paving the way for improved 3D bioprinting outcomes.

Developing a Tumor Microenvironment in Rotating Human Melanoma Cell Cultures: Study of a Novel Preclinical Model

2025-06-20

Kamil Wawrowicz , Martyna Durak-Kozica , Mateusz Wierzbicki +1 more | ACS Omega

Developing Bioengineered 3D-Printed Composite Scaffolds with Antimicrobial Potential for Bone Tissue Regeneration

2025-06-19

Andreea Trifan , Eduard Liciu , Cristina Busuioc +7 more | Journal of Functional Biomaterials

This research activity proposes to produce composite hydrogel-bioactive glass. The primary purpose of this research is to develop and optimize 3D-printed scaffolds using doped bioglass, aimed at enhancing bone regeneration … This research activity proposes to produce composite hydrogel-bioactive glass. The primary purpose of this research is to develop and optimize 3D-printed scaffolds using doped bioglass, aimed at enhancing bone regeneration in bone defects. The bioglass, a bioactive material known for its bone-bonding ability (SiO2-P2O5-CaO-Na2O), co-doped with europium and silver was synthesized and doped to improve its biological properties. This doped bioglass was then combined with a biocompatible hydrogel, chosen for its adequate cellular response and printability. The composite material was printed to form a scaffold, providing a structure that not only supports the damaged bone but also encourages osteogenesis. A variety of methods were employed to assess the rheological, compositional, and morphological characteristics of the samples: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Additionally, simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion for bioactivity monitoring and immunocytochemistry for cell viability were used to evaluate the biological response of the scaffolds.

Activation of bone tumor-eating macrophages via assembling and co-delivering 3D printed scaffold

2025-06-19

Cuidi Li , Zhenjiang Ma , Xin Sun +6 more | Biomaterials

Pharmacists’ Perceptions of 3D Printing and Bioprinting as Part of Personalized Pharmacy: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study in Bulgaria

2025-06-19

Anna Mihaylova , Antoniya Yaneva , Dobromira Shopova +7 more | Pharmacy

Advances in pharmaceutical technology have positioned 3D printing and bioprinting as promising tools for developing personalized drug therapies. These innovations may redefine compounding practices by enabling precise, patient-specific drug formulations. … Advances in pharmaceutical technology have positioned 3D printing and bioprinting as promising tools for developing personalized drug therapies. These innovations may redefine compounding practices by enabling precise, patient-specific drug formulations. Evaluating pharmacists' readiness to adopt such technologies is therefore becoming increasingly important. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers regarding the application of 3D printing and bioprinting technologies, as well as their perspectives on the regulation and implementation of these technologies in the context of personalized pharmacy. Materials and Methods: A custom-designed questionnaire was developed for the purposes of this pilot study, based on a review of the existing literature and informed by expert consultation to ensure conceptual relevance and clarity. The survey was conducted between September and December 2024. The data collection instrument comprises three main sections: (1) sociodemographic and professional characteristics, (2) knowledge regarding the applications of 3D printing and bioprinting in pharmacy, and (3) attitudes toward the regulatory framework and implementation of these technologies. Results: A total of 353 respondents participated, and 65.5% of them (n = 231) correctly distinguished between the concepts of "3D printing" and "bioprinting." More than 25% (n = 88) were uncertain, and 8.5% (n = 30) were unable to differentiate between the two. Regarding the perceived benefits of personalized pharmacy, 83% (n = 293) of participants identified "the creation of personalized medications tailored to individual needs" as the main advantage, while 66% (n = 233) highlighted the "optimization of drug concentration to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize toxicity and adverse effects." Approximately 60% (n = 210) of the pharmacists surveyed believed that the introduction of 3D-bioprinted pharmaceuticals would have a positive impact on the on-site preparation of customized drug formulations in community and hospital pharmacies. Lack of regulatory guidance and unresolved ethical concerns were identified as primary barriers. Notably, over 40% (n = 142) of respondents expressed concern that patients could be subjected to treatment approaches resembling "laboratory experimentation." Nearly 90% (n = 317) of participants recognized the need for specialized training and expressed a willingness to engage in such educational initiatives. Conclusions: Three-dimensional printing and bioprinting technologies are considered cutting-edge instruments that may contribute to the advancement of pharmaceutical practice and industry, particularly in the field of personalized medicine. However, respondents' views suggest that successful integration may require improved pharmacist awareness and targeted educational initiatives, along with the development and adaptation of appropriate regulatory frameworks to accommodate these novel technologies in drug design and compounding.

Engineering Polysaccharide Biomaterials: Modifications and Crosslinking Strategies for Soft Tissue Bioprinting

2025-06-19

Sagar Tembadamani , Tarun Shyam Mohan , Greeshma Thrivikraman +2 more | Macromolecular Rapid Communications

ABSTRACT Polysaccharides have emerged as promising bioink candidates for three dimensional (3D) bioprinting owing to their outstanding biocompatibility and structural adaptability. Nonetheless, their utilization for soft tissue regeneration has been … ABSTRACT Polysaccharides have emerged as promising bioink candidates for three dimensional (3D) bioprinting owing to their outstanding biocompatibility and structural adaptability. Nonetheless, their utilization for soft tissue regeneration has been limited due to their intrinsic drawbacks, such as inadequate mechanical strength, poor printability, and rapid degradation rate. Recently, various modifications and crosslinking strategies have been adopted to improve the suitability of natural polysaccharides for printing robust soft tissue constructs with improved precision and functionality. This review delves into the state‐of‐the‐art modified polysaccharide bioinks utilized for fabricating soft tissue scaffolds. The primary focus of this review is to highlight the key chemical modification approaches, including methacrylation, sulfation, and thiolation, extensively used to alter the properties of polysaccharides for achieving optimal printability and mechanical resilience. By introducing the importance of crosslinking strategies, an important distinction between covalent and non‐covalent crosslinking is discussed. Effective modification and crosslinking of the polysaccharides also allow for explicit modulation of their biofunctionality, promoting cell fate processes and facilitating the regeneration of soft tissues such as skin, cartilage, muscles, and neural tissue. We aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current advancements in the field and underline future perspectives in fabricating personalized tissue scaffolds for next‐generation regenerative solutions.

Evaluation of fused deposition modeling (FDM)-printed devices for microfluidic-based cell culture studies

2025-06-19

Samuel Azibere , Michael Borovik , A.F. Hall +2 more | Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

Three-dimensional patient-derived cell models represent an emerging frontier in the study of neurodegenerative diseases

2025-06-19

Rachel J. Boyd , Vasiliki Mahairaki | Neural Regeneration Research

Cell fate regulation by hyperthermia: Cancer, stem cells, and immune system

2025-06-19

Madineh Moradialvand , Sajad Farashi , Asmita Deka Dey +7 more | Alexandria Engineering Journal

Evaluation of thermoresponsive biopolymers-based composite bioinks for cartilage engineering

2025-06-18

Yawei Gu , Gangyu Zhang , Sébastien Pigeot +5 more | Materials & Design

There’s more to the (biomaterial) surface than meets the eye

2025-06-18

Ben Ikenson | Scilight

Putting protein interaction under the microscope to advance tissue engineering and more Putting protein interaction under the microscope to advance tissue engineering and more

High‐Throughput 96‐Well Nanogroove‐Enhanced Electrical Impedance Biosensor for Real‐Time Label‐Free Cancer Drug Screening

2025-06-18

Jong Seob Choi , Hye-bin Park , Su Han Lee +7 more | PubMed

Abstract This study advances bioelectronic platforms and cellular behavior analysis by enhancing the precision and scalability of nanopatterned membranes integrated with electrode arrays for real‐time, high‐throughput monitoring. By employing self‐assembled … Abstract This study advances bioelectronic platforms and cellular behavior analysis by enhancing the precision and scalability of nanopatterned membranes integrated with electrode arrays for real‐time, high‐throughput monitoring. By employing self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) and optimizing imprinting parameters, uniform large‐area nanopatterns are successfully fabricated, overcoming challenges such as the “rabbit ears” effect and inconsistent pattern fidelity. The nanopatterned substrates, integrated within 96‐well plates with electrode arrays, enable real‐time impedance spectroscopy, providing a dynamic assessment of cellular behavior under chemotherapeutic drug exposure. The developed NanoIEA platform facilitates comprehensive investigations into cellular growth and drug interactions. RNA sequencing of MCF‐7 cells cultured on nanopatterned substrates reveals significant differential gene expression, suggesting that traditional flat‐surface cultures may induce artificial gene regulation, potentially biasing drug screening results. Patterned cell cultures that mimic physiological conditions yield more accurate and predictive outcomes for anticancer drug screening. This research underscores the critical role of nanopatterning in recapitulating in vivo‐like gene expression and highlights the profound impact of microenvironmental cues on cellular behavior. By integrating advanced nanofabrication with precise real‐time monitoring, this approach addresses technical limitations in bioelectronic sensing while providing deeper insights into dynamic cellular responses, reinforcing the importance of substrate design in tissue engineering and drug development.

Selective Laser Sintering of Atomoxetine Tablets: An Innovative Approach for Small-Scale, Personalized Production

2025-06-18

Gordana Stanojević , Ivana Adamov , Snežana Mugoša +2 more | Pharmaceutics

Background/Objectives: The growing interest in personalized medicine has accelerated the exploration of three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies in pharmaceutical applications. This study investigates the potential of selective laser sintering (SLS) as … Background/Objectives: The growing interest in personalized medicine has accelerated the exploration of three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies in pharmaceutical applications. This study investigates the potential of selective laser sintering (SLS) as a flexible, small-scale manufacturing method for atomoxetine tablets tailored for individualized therapy, comparing it with conventional direct compression. Methods: Atomoxetine tablets were produced using SLS 3D printing with varying laser scanning speeds and compared to tablets made via a compaction simulator. Formulations were based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as the primary matrix former. The physical properties, drug content, disintegration time, and dissolution profiles were evaluated. The structural and chemical integrity were assessed using SEM, FTIR, DSC, and XRPD. Results: The SLS tablets exhibited comparable mechanical properties and drug content to those made by compaction. Lower laser speeds produced harder tablets with slower disintegration, while higher speeds yielded more porous tablets with ultra-rapid drug release (>85% in 15 min). All tablets met the European Pharmacopoeia dissolution criteria. No significant drug-excipient interactions or changes in crystallinity were detected. Conclusions: SLS printing is a viable alternative to traditional tablet manufacturing, offering control over drug release profiles through parameter adjustment. The technique supports the development of high-quality, patient-specific dosage forms and shows promise for broader implementation in personalized pharmaceutical therapy.

3D Printing of chewable oral tablets using drug nanosuspension inks: an experimental and machine learning study

2025-06-18

Ha-Nam Truong , Nikki Rodriguez , Alperen Abaci +4 more | Virtual and Physical Prototyping

Fabrication and in vivo characterization of FRESH-based 3D printed chitosan construct for small intestine regeneration

2025-06-18

Parul Chaurasia , Richa Singh , Rishabh Rai Kaushik +2 more | Biomedical Materials

Abstract This study demonstrates the implantation of a 3D-printed small intestine construct using chitosan bioink and freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) bioprinting technology. The research addresses the significant … Abstract This study demonstrates the implantation of a 3D-printed small intestine construct using chitosan bioink and freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) bioprinting technology. The research addresses the significant clinical challenges posed by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and short bowel syndrome (SBS), which often require surgical interventions leading to substantial loss of small intestine (SI) surface area. High costs, side effects, and donor shortages limit traditional treatments such as total parenteral nutrition and small bowel transplantation. Therefore, developing an engineered artificial intestine represents a critical need. The study employed a natural biopolymer, i.e., chitosan, known for its biocompatibility and blood compatibility, as the primary material for the bioink. The 3D-bioprinted constructs were evaluated through mechanical characterization, blood biocompatibility tests, and antibacterial assays. The mechanical properties indicated the constructs' ability to withstand significant deformation, while the blood compatibility tests showed minimal hemolysis, supporting the material's suitability for implantation. Antibacterial tests revealed that the constructs could inhibit bacterial growth, reducing the risk of implant-associated infections. Following the implantation of the prepared constructs in rats, the post-implantation analysis indicated successful integration and biocompatibility with no significant adverse reactions. The biochemical parameters, like inflammatory markers, were found to be slightly higher than the normal range. All other parameters, like bilirubin and albumins, etc, were in the normal range. This study highlights the potential of 3D-bioprinted chitosan-based constructs in organ regeneration and presents a promising solution for treating SBS and IBD. The findings support further exploration of the fabricated 3D printed biocompatible materials for medical applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.&#xD;