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Chemistry › Organic Chemistry

Fullerene Chemistry and Applications

Works Count: 45260

Description

This cluster of papers explores the chemistry, properties, and diverse applications of fullerenes, including endohedral fullerenes, photosensitization, nanoscience, photovoltaic devices, electron transfer processes, biomedical applications, and supramolecular chemistry. The research covers topics such as excited-state properties, functionalization in water, organic photovoltaic devices, and the potential use of fullerenes in artificial photosynthetic systems.

Keywords

Fullerenes; Endohedral Fullerenes; Photosensitization; Nanoscience; Photovoltaic Devices; Molecular Systems; Electron Transfer; Biomedical Applications; Supramolecular Chemistry; Carbon Nanotubes

C60: Buckminsterfullerene

1985-11-01
Harold W. Kroto , J. R. Heath , Sean C. O’Brien +2 more

Solubility of fullerene (C60) in a variety of solvents

1993-04-01
Rodney S. Ruoff , Doris S. Tse , Ripudaman Malhotra +1 more
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility of fullerene (C60) in a variety of solventsR. S. Ruoff, Doris S. Tse, Ripudaman Malhotra, and Donald C. LorentsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13, … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility of fullerene (C60) in a variety of solventsR. S. Ruoff, Doris S. Tse, Ripudaman Malhotra, and Donald C. LorentsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13, 3379–3383Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100115a049https://doi.org/10.1021/j100115a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9962Altmetric-Citations945LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

An atlas of fullerenes

1995-03-02
P. W. Fowler , David E. Manolopoulos
Introduction. 1: Fullerene cages. 2: Electronic structure. 3: Steric strain. 4: Symmetry and spectroscopy. 5: Fullerene isomerisation. 6: Carbon gain and loss. Appendix: The spiral computer program. Atlas tables Introduction. 1: Fullerene cages. 2: Electronic structure. 3: Steric strain. 4: Symmetry and spectroscopy. 5: Fullerene isomerisation. 6: Carbon gain and loss. Appendix: The spiral computer program. Atlas tables

Small-bandgap endohedral metallofullerenes in high yield and purity

1999-09-02
Steven Stevenson , Gary W. Rice , Tom Glass +7 more

Encapsulated C60 in carbon nanotubes

1998-11-01
Brian W. Smith , Marc Monthioux , David E. Luzzi

Photophysical properties of sixty atom carbon molecule (C60)

1991-01-01
James W. Arbogast , Aleksander P. Darmanyan , Christopher S. Foote +5 more
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotophysical properties of sixty atom carbon molecule (C60)James W. Arbogast, Aleksander P. Darmanyan, Christopher S. Foote, F. N. Diederich, R. L. Whetten, Y. Rubin, Marcos M. Alvarez, … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotophysical properties of sixty atom carbon molecule (C60)James W. Arbogast, Aleksander P. Darmanyan, Christopher S. Foote, F. N. Diederich, R. L. Whetten, Y. Rubin, Marcos M. Alvarez, and Samir J. AnzCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 1, 11–12Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100154a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j100154a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4324Altmetric-Citations1083LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

Cohesive mechanism and energy bands of solid<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>

1991-05-20
Susumu Saito , Atsushi Oshiyama
We present microscopic total-energy calculations which provide a cohesive property and electronic structures of a new form of solid carbon, the face-centered-cubic ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ crystal (fcc ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$). We find that ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ … We present microscopic total-energy calculations which provide a cohesive property and electronic structures of a new form of solid carbon, the face-centered-cubic ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ crystal (fcc ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$). We find that ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ clusters are condensed by van der Waals force, and that the resulting fcc ${\mathrm{O}}_{60}$ is a novel semiconductor with direct energy gap of 1.5 eV at the Brillouin-zone boundary (X point). We also find that an ``impurity'' ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$K cluster induces a shallow donor state in fcc ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$.

Pentagons, heptagons and negative curvature in graphite microtubule growth

1992-04-01
Sumio lijima , Toshinari Ichihashi , Yukio Ando

Chemistry of the Fullerenes: The Manifestation of Strain in a Class of Continuous Aromatic Molecules

1993-09-17
Robert C. Haddon
Within the π-orbital axis vector theory, the total rehybridization required for closure of the fullerenes is approximately conserved. This result allows the development of a structure-based index of strain in … Within the π-orbital axis vector theory, the total rehybridization required for closure of the fullerenes is approximately conserved. This result allows the development of a structure-based index of strain in the fullerenes, and it is estimated that about 80 percent of the heat of formation of the carbon atoms in C 60 may be attributed to a combination of σ strain and steric inhibition of resonance. Application of this analysis to the geometries of structurally characterized organometallic derivatives of C 60 and C 70 shows that the reactivity exhibited by the fullerenes may be attributed to the relief of a combination of local and global strain energy. C 60 is of ambiguous aromatic character with anomalous magnetic properties but with the reactivity of a continuous aromatic molecule, moderated only by the tremendous strain inherent in the spheroidal structure.

Radical Reactions of C <sub>60</sub>

1991-11-22
Paul J. Krusic , E. Wasserman , Petra N. Keizer +2 more
Photochemically generated benzyl radicals react with C(60) producing radical and nonradical adducts Rn C(60) (R = C(6)H(5)CH(2)) with n = 1 to at least 15. The radical adducts with n … Photochemically generated benzyl radicals react with C(60) producing radical and nonradical adducts Rn C(60) (R = C(6)H(5)CH(2)) with n = 1 to at least 15. The radical adducts with n = 3 and 5 are stable above 50 degrees C and have been identified by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy as the allylic R(3)C(60)(.) (3) and cyclopentadienyl R(5)C(60)(.) (5) radicals. The unpaired electrons are highly localized on the C(60) surface. The extraordinary stability of these radicals can be attributed to the steric protection of the surface radical sites by the surrounding benzyl substituents. Photochemically generated methyl radicals also add readily to C(60). Mass spectrometric analyses show the formation of (CH(3))nC(60) with n = 1 to at least 34.

Organic Molecular Soft Ferromagnetism in a Fullerene C <sub>60</sub>

1991-07-19
Pierre-Marc Allemand , K. C. Khemani , Andrew S. Koch +5 more
The properties of an organic molecular ferromagnet [C(60)TDAE(0.86); TDAE is tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene] with a Curie temperature ;T(c) = 16.1 kelvin are described. The ferromagnetic state shows no remanence, and the temperature … The properties of an organic molecular ferromagnet [C(60)TDAE(0.86); TDAE is tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene] with a Curie temperature ;T(c) = 16.1 kelvin are described. The ferromagnetic state shows no remanence, and the temperature dependence of the magnetization below ;T(c) does not follow the behavior expected of a conventional ferromagnet. These results are interpreted as a reflection of a three-dimensional system leading to a soft ferromagnet.

Superconductivity at 28 K in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Rb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:…

1991-05-27
Matthew J. Rosseinsky , A. P. Ramirez , S. H. Glarum +7 more
Meissner-effect and microwave-absorption measurements on bulk samples show that ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ is superconducting with a maximum transition temperature of 28 K. This is a 10-K (60%) increase over the K-doped material. … Meissner-effect and microwave-absorption measurements on bulk samples show that ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ is superconducting with a maximum transition temperature of 28 K. This is a 10-K (60%) increase over the K-doped material. Only ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{0.6}$${\mathrm{K}}_{0.4}$${\mathrm{BiO}}_{3}$ and the cuprate superconductors have higher transition temperatures.
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Superconductivity at 18 K in potassium-doped C60

1991-04-01
A. F. Hebard , Matthew J. Rosseinsky , Robert C. Haddon +5 more
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Science of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes

1997-01-01
Lawrence B. Ebert

Self-consistent order-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:math>density-functional calculations for very large systems

1996-04-15
Pablo Ordejón , Emilio Artacho , José M. Soler
We present a method to perform fully self-consistent density-functional calculations that scales linearly with the system size and which is well suited for very large systems. It uses strictly localized … We present a method to perform fully self-consistent density-functional calculations that scales linearly with the system size and which is well suited for very large systems. It uses strictly localized pseudoatomic orbitals as basis functions. The sparse Hamiltonian and overlap matrices are calculated with an $O(N)$ effort. The long-range self-consistent potential and its matrix elements are computed in a real-space grid. The other matrix elements are directly calculated and tabulated as a function of the interatomic distances. The computation of the total energy and atomic forces is also done in $O(N)$ operations using truncated, Wannier-like localized functions to describe the occupied states, and a band-energy functional which is iteratively minimized with no orthogonality constraints. We illustrate the method with several examples, including carbon and silicon supercells with up to 1000 Si atoms and supercells of $\ensuremath{\beta}$-${\mathrm{C}}_{3}$${\mathrm{N}}_{4}$. We apply the method to solve the existing controversy about the faceting of large icosahedral fullerenes by performing dynamical simulations on ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$, ${\mathrm{C}}_{240}$, and ${\mathrm{C}}_{540}$.
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Efficient production of C60 (buckminsterfullerene), C60H36, and the solvated buckide ion

1990-11-01
R. E. Haufler , J. Conceição , L. P. F. Chibante +7 more
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient production of C60 (buckminsterfullerene), C60H36, and the solvated buckide ionR. E. Haufler, J. Conceicao, L. P. F. Chibante, Y. Chai, N. E. Byrne, S. Flanagan, M. … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient production of C60 (buckminsterfullerene), C60H36, and the solvated buckide ionR. E. Haufler, J. Conceicao, L. P. F. Chibante, Y. Chai, N. E. Byrne, S. Flanagan, M. M. Haley, S. C. O'Brien, C. Pan, and . et al.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 24, 8634–8636Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100387a005https://doi.org/10.1021/j100387a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2581Altmetric-Citations872LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

Electrochemical detection of C606- and C706-: Enhanced stability of fullerides in solution

1992-05-01
Qingshan Xie , Eduardo Pérez‐Cordero , Luís Echegoyen
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical detection of C606- and C706-: Enhanced stability of fullerides in solutionQingshan Xie, Eduardo Perez-Cordero, and Luis EchegoyenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10, 3978–3980Publication … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical detection of C606- and C706-: Enhanced stability of fullerides in solutionQingshan Xie, Eduardo Perez-Cordero, and Luis EchegoyenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10, 3978–3980Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00036a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00036a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3120Altmetric-Citations862LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Curling and closure of graphitic networks under electron-beam irradiation

1992-10-01
D. Ugarte

Reduced HOMO−LUMO Gap as an Index of Kinetic Stability for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

1999-08-31
Jun‐ichi Aihara
A reduced HOMO−LUMO gap, which is defined as the HOMO−LUMO energy separation of a molecule divided by that of the hypothetical polyene reference, can be used as an index of … A reduced HOMO−LUMO gap, which is defined as the HOMO−LUMO energy separation of a molecule divided by that of the hypothetical polyene reference, can be used as an index of kinetic stability for a variety of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The reduced HOMO−LUMO gap < 1.00 indicates that the HOMO contributes to the decrease in the topological resonance energy. In general, PAHs with reduced HOMO−LUMO gaps < 1.30 are chemically very reactive. Fully benzenoid hydrocarbons are kinetically very stable with very large reduced HOMO−LUMO gaps. Many of the PAH molecules with large reduced HOMO−LUMO gaps are closed-shell substructures of nonmetallic one-dimensional benzenoid polymers.

Superconductivity at 33 K in CsxRbyC60

1991-07-01
Katsumi Tanigaki , Thomas W. Ebbesen , Susumu Saito +4 more

Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon

1991-11-01
Sumio Iijima

Theoretical studies of icosahedral C60 and some related species

1986-08-01
Anthony J. Stone , David J. Wales

Orientational ordering transition in solid<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>

1991-06-03
Paul A. Heiney , J. E. Fischer , A. R. McGhie +5 more
Synchrotron-x-ray powder-diffraction and differential-scanning-calorimetry measurements on solid ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ reveal a first-order phase transition from a low-temperature simple-cubic structure with a four-molecule basis to a face-centered-cubic structure at 249 K. The … Synchrotron-x-ray powder-diffraction and differential-scanning-calorimetry measurements on solid ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ reveal a first-order phase transition from a low-temperature simple-cubic structure with a four-molecule basis to a face-centered-cubic structure at 249 K. The free-energy change at the transition is approximately 6.7 J/g. Model fits to the diffraction intensities are consistent with complete orientational disorder at room temperature, and with the development of orientational order rather than molecular displacements or distortions at low temperature.

Inhibition of the HIV-1 protease by fullerene derivatives: model building studies and experimental verification

1993-07-01
Simon H. Friedman , Dianne L. DeCamp , Rint P. Sijbesma +3 more
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition of the HIV-1 protease by fullerene derivatives: model building studies and experimental verificationSimon H. Friedman, Dianne L. DeCamp, Rint P. Sijbesma, Gordana Srdanov, Fred Wudl, and … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition of the HIV-1 protease by fullerene derivatives: model building studies and experimental verificationSimon H. Friedman, Dianne L. DeCamp, Rint P. Sijbesma, Gordana Srdanov, Fred Wudl, and George L. KenyonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 15, 6506–6509Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00068a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00068a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2475Altmetric-Citations843LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Addition of azomethine ylides to C60: synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of fullerene pyrrolidines

1993-10-01
Michele Maggini , Gianfranco Scorrano , Maurizio Prato
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition of azomethine ylides to C60: synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of fullerene pyrrolidinesMichele Maggini, Gianfranco Scorrano, and Maurizio PratoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 21, … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition of azomethine ylides to C60: synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of fullerene pyrrolidinesMichele Maggini, Gianfranco Scorrano, and Maurizio PratoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 21, 9798–9799Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00074a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00074a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7659Altmetric-Citations1157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

Origin of the Open Circuit Voltage of Plastic Solar Cells

2001-10-01
Christoph J. Brabec , Antonio Cravino , D Meißner +5 more
A series of highly soluble fullerene derivatives with varying acceptor strengths (i.e., first reduction potentials) was synthesized and used as electron acceptors in plastic solar cells. These fullerene derivatives, methanofullerene … A series of highly soluble fullerene derivatives with varying acceptor strengths (i.e., first reduction potentials) was synthesized and used as electron acceptors in plastic solar cells. These fullerene derivatives, methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), a new azafulleroid, and a ketolactam quasifullerene, show a variation of almost 200 mV in their first reduction potential. The open circuit voltage of the corresponding devices was found to correlate directly with the acceptor strength of the fullerenes, whereas it was rather insensitive to variations of the work function of the negative electrode. These observations are discussed within the concept of Fermi level pinning between fullerenes and metals via surface charges.
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The stability of the fullerenes Cn, with n = 24, 28, 32, 36, 50, 60 and 70

1987-10-01
Harold W. Kroto

Conducting films of C60 and C70 by alkali-metal doping

1991-03-01
Robert C. Haddon , A. F. Hebard , Matthew J. Rosseinsky +7 more

Photoinduced Electron Transfer from a Conducting Polymer to Buckminsterfullerene

1992-11-27
Niyazi Serdar Sariçiftçi , Laura Smilowitz , A. J. Heeger +1 more
Evidence for photoinduced electron transfer from the excited state of a conducting polymer onto buckminsterfullerene, C(60), is reported. After photo-excitation of the conjugated polymer with light of energy greater than … Evidence for photoinduced electron transfer from the excited state of a conducting polymer onto buckminsterfullerene, C(60), is reported. After photo-excitation of the conjugated polymer with light of energy greater than the pi-pi* gap, an electron transfer to the C(60) molecule is initiated. Photoinduced optical absorption studies demonstrate a different excitation spectrum for the composite as compared to the separate components, consistent with photo-excited charge transfer. A photoinduced electron spin resonance signal exhibits signatures of both the conducting polymer cation and the C(60) anion. Because the photoluminescence in the conducting polymer is quenched by interaction with C(60), the data imply that charge transfer from the excited state occurs on a picosecond time scale. The charge-separated state in composite films is metastable at low temperatures.

The infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra of laboratory-produced carbon dust: evidence for the presence of the C60 molecule

1990-07-01
Wolfgang Krätschmer , K. Fostiropoulos , Donald R. Huffman
In carbon smoke samples prepared from vaporized graphite at elevated quenching gas pressures (e.g. > 100 Torr He) new absorption features have been observed in the infrared (the strongest at … In carbon smoke samples prepared from vaporized graphite at elevated quenching gas pressures (e.g. > 100 Torr He) new absorption features have been observed in the infrared (the strongest at 1429, 1183, 577, and 528 cm−1). Broader features also have been observed in the ultraviolet (the strongest at 340, 270, and 220 nm). By studying 13C-enriched samples we have shown that the infrared absorptions are produced by large, pure carbon molecules. The evidence supports the idea that the features are produced by the icosahedral C60 molecule.

High-Rate, Gas-Phase Growth of MoS <sub>2</sub> Nested Inorganic Fullerenes and Nanotubes

1995-01-13
Yishay Feldman , E. Wasserman , David J. Srolovitz +1 more
The gas-phase reaction between MoO3-x and H(2)S in a reducing atmosphere at elevated temperatures (800 degrees to 950 degrees C) has been used to synthesize large quantities of an almost … The gas-phase reaction between MoO3-x and H(2)S in a reducing atmosphere at elevated temperatures (800 degrees to 950 degrees C) has been used to synthesize large quantities of an almost pure nested inorganic fullerene (IF) phase of MoS(2). A uniform IF phase with a relatively narrow size distribution was obtained. The synthesis of IFs appears to require, in addition to careful control over the growth conditions, a specific turbulent flow regime. The x-ray spectra of the different samples show that, as the average size of the IF decreases, the van der Waals gap along the c axis increases, largely because of the strain involved in folding of the lamella. Large quantities of quite uniform nanotubes were obtained under modified preparation conditions.

Fullerenes with metals inside

1991-10-01
Y. Chai , Ting Guo , C. Jin +6 more
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFullerenes with metals insideYan Chai, Ting Guo, Changming Jin, Robert E. Haufler, L. P. Felipe Chibante, Jan Fure, Lihong Wang, J. Michael Alford, and Richard E. SmalleyCite … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFullerenes with metals insideYan Chai, Ting Guo, Changming Jin, Robert E. Haufler, L. P. Felipe Chibante, Jan Fure, Lihong Wang, J. Michael Alford, and Richard E. SmalleyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 20, 7564–7568Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100173a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j100173a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3250Altmetric-Citations1146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

Excited-State Properties of C<sub>60</sub> Fullerene Derivatives

2000-07-21
Dirk M. Guldi , Maurizio Prato
This Account reviews our main achievements in the field of excited-state properties of fullerene derivatives. The photosensitizing and electron-acceptor features of some relevant classes of functionalized fullerene materials are highlighted, … This Account reviews our main achievements in the field of excited-state properties of fullerene derivatives. The photosensitizing and electron-acceptor features of some relevant classes of functionalized fullerene materials are highlighted, considering the impact of functionalization on fullerene characteristics. In addition, the unique optimization in terms of redox potentials, water-solubility, and singlet oxygen generation is presented for several novel fullerene-based materials.

Fullerene–porphyrin architectures; photosynthetic antenna and reaction center models

2001-12-18
Dirk M. Guldi
Fullerenes and porphyrins are molecular architectures ideally suited for devising integrated, multicomponent model systems to transmit and process solar energy. Implementation of C60 as a 3-dimensional electron acceptor holds great … Fullerenes and porphyrins are molecular architectures ideally suited for devising integrated, multicomponent model systems to transmit and process solar energy. Implementation of C60 as a 3-dimensional electron acceptor holds great expectations on account of their small reorganization energy in electron transfer reactions and has exerted a noteworthy impact on the improvement of light-induced charge-separation. This article describes how the specific compositions of porphyrin chromophores linked to C60—yielding artificial light harvesting antenna and reaction center mimics—have been elegantly utilized to tune the electronic couplings between donor and acceptor sites and the total reorganization energy. Specifically, the effects that these parameters have on the rate, yield and lifetime of the energetic charge-separated states are considered.

Are fullerene tubules metallic?

1992-02-03
J. W. Mintmire , Brett I. Dunlap , C. T. White
We have calculated the electronic structure of a fullerene tubule using a first-principles, self-consistent, all-electron Gaussian-orbital based local-density-functional approach. Extending these results to a model containing an electron-lattice interaction, we … We have calculated the electronic structure of a fullerene tubule using a first-principles, self-consistent, all-electron Gaussian-orbital based local-density-functional approach. Extending these results to a model containing an electron-lattice interaction, we estimate that the mean-field transition temperature from a Peierls-distorted regime to a high-temperature metallic regime should be well below room temperature. Such fullerene tubules should have the advantages (compared to the other conjugated carbon systems) of a carrier density similar to that of metals and zero band gap at room temperature.

Crystal structure and bonding of ordered C60

1991-09-01
William I. F. David , R.M. Ibberson , J. C. Matthewman +6 more

Superconductivity in fullerides

1997-04-01
O. Gunnarsson
Experimental studies of the superconductive properties of fullerides are briefly reviewed. Theoretical calculations of the electron-phonon coupling, in particular for the intramolecular phonons, are discussed extensively. The calculations are compared … Experimental studies of the superconductive properties of fullerides are briefly reviewed. Theoretical calculations of the electron-phonon coupling, in particular for the intramolecular phonons, are discussed extensively. The calculations are compared with coupling constants deduced from a number of different experimental techniques. It is discussed why ${\mathrm{A}}_{3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ are not Mott-Hubbard insulators, in spite of the large Coulomb interaction. Estimates of the Coulomb pseudopotential ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$, describing the effect of the Coulomb repulsion on the superconductivity, as well as possible electronic mechanisms for the superconductivity, are reviewed. The calculation of various properties within the Migdal-Eliashberg theory and attempts to go beyond this theory are described.
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Photoinduced Polymerization of Solid C <sub>60</sub> Films

1993-02-12
Apparao M. Rao , Ping Zhou , Kai‐An Wang +7 more
The irradiation of oxygen-free, face-centered-cubic C 60 films with visible or ultraviolet light phototransformed C 60 into a different solid phase. Results from laser desorption mass spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, … The irradiation of oxygen-free, face-centered-cubic C 60 films with visible or ultraviolet light phototransformed C 60 into a different solid phase. Results from laser desorption mass spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman and infrared spectroscopy, optical absorption, and luminescence indicate that a photopolymerization of the fullerene molecules within the film occurred.

Preparation and Characterization of Fulleroid and Methanofullerene Derivatives

1995-02-01
Jan C. Hummelen , Brian Knight , F. LePeq +3 more
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Characterization of Fulleroid and Methanofullerene DerivativesJan C. Hummelen, Brian W. Knight, F. LePeq, Fred Wudl, Jie Yao, and Charles L. WilkinsCite this: J. Org. Chem. … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Characterization of Fulleroid and Methanofullerene DerivativesJan C. Hummelen, Brian W. Knight, F. LePeq, Fred Wudl, Jie Yao, and Charles L. WilkinsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 3, 532–538Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00108a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00108a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10037Altmetric-Citations1102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Solid C60: a new form of carbon

1990-09-27
Wolfgang Krätschmer , Lowell D. Lamb , K. Fostiropoulos +1 more

Molecular Geometry Optimization with a Genetic Algorithm

1995-07-10
D. M. Deaven , K. M. Ho
We present a method for reliably determining the lowest energy structure of an atomic cluster in an arbitrary model potential. The method is based on a genetic algorithm, which operates … We present a method for reliably determining the lowest energy structure of an atomic cluster in an arbitrary model potential. The method is based on a genetic algorithm, which operates on a population of candidate structures to produce new candidates with lower energies. Our method dramatically outperforms simulated annealing, which we demonstrate by applying the genetic algorithm to a tight-binding model potential for carbon. With this potential, the algorithm efficiently finds fullerene cluster structures up to ${\rm C}_{60}$ starting from random atomic coordinates.
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The Differential Cytotoxicity of Water-Soluble Fullerenes

2004-09-11
Christie M. Sayes , John D. Fortner , Wenh Guo +7 more
We show that the cytotoxicity of water-soluble fullerene species is a sensitive function of surface derivatization; in two different human cell lines, the lethal dose of fullerene changed over 7 … We show that the cytotoxicity of water-soluble fullerene species is a sensitive function of surface derivatization; in two different human cell lines, the lethal dose of fullerene changed over 7 orders of magnitude with relatively minor alterations in fullerene structure. In particular, an aggregated form of C60, the least derivatized of the four materials, was substantially more toxic than highly soluble derivatives such as C3, Na+2-3[C60O7-9(OH)12-15](2-3)-, and C60(OH)24. Oxidative damage to the cell membranes was observed in all cases where fullerene exposure led to cell death. We show that under ambient conditions in water fullerenes can generate superoxide anions and postulate that these oxygen radicals are responsible for membrane damage and subsequent cell death. This work demonstrates both a strategy for enhancing the toxicity of fullerenes for certain applications such as cancer therapeutics or bactericides, as well as a remediation for the possible unwarranted biological effects of pristine fullerenes.

Cyclopropanierung von Fullerenen

1993-08-01
Carsten Bingel
Cyclopropylation of Fullerenes Cyclopropylation of fullerenes C 60 and C 70 is achieved by a tandem process. Michael addition of a stabilized α‐halocarbanion to fullerenes followed by intramolecular substitution of … Cyclopropylation of Fullerenes Cyclopropylation of fullerenes C 60 and C 70 is achieved by a tandem process. Michael addition of a stabilized α‐halocarbanion to fullerenes followed by intramolecular substitution of the halogen yields fullerene derivatives with functional groups.

Functionalized Fullerenes in Water. The First 10 Years of Their Chemistry, Biology, and Nanoscience

2003-10-30
Eiichi Nakamura , Hiroyuki Isobe
Fullerenes are entirely insoluble in water, but suitable functionalization makes the molecules soluble. Studies on water-soluble fullerene derivatives led to the discovery of the interaction of organofullerenes with DNA, proteins, … Fullerenes are entirely insoluble in water, but suitable functionalization makes the molecules soluble. Studies on water-soluble fullerene derivatives led to the discovery of the interaction of organofullerenes with DNA, proteins, and living cells, which was first reported in the summer of 1993. Subsequent studies have revealed interesting biological activity aspects of organofullerenes owing to their photochemistry, radical quenching, and hydrophobicity to form one- to three-dimensional supramolecular complexes. In these areas of research, synthetic organic chemistry has played an important role in the creation of tailor-made molecules.

The era of carbon allotropes

2010-10-22
Andreas Hirsch

Nanochemistry: Synthesis in diminishing dimensions

1992-10-01
Geoffrey A. Ozin
Atomic and molecular size devices are the ultimate goal of those working on, for example, nanoscale patterning and templating techniques. The various approaches to nanophase materials with stringent requirements of … Atomic and molecular size devices are the ultimate goal of those working on, for example, nanoscale patterning and templating techniques. The various approaches to nanophase materials with stringent requirements of size, shape, and dimensionality are discussed, recent highlights are described, and teh advantages to be gained by working on this scale with zeolites (see figure), LB films, fullerenes, organic polymer hosts, semiconductor clusters, porous silicon, STM technology and much more are reviewed. magnified image

Organic Superconductors

2006-02-24

Endohedral metallofullerenes

2000-05-26
Hisanori Shinohara
Endohedral metallofullerenes (fullerenes with metal atom(s) encapsulated) are novel forms of fullerene-based materials which have attracted wide interest during the past eight years, not only in physics and chemistry but … Endohedral metallofullerenes (fullerenes with metal atom(s) encapsulated) are novel forms of fullerene-based materials which have attracted wide interest during the past eight years, not only in physics and chemistry but also in such interdisciplinary areas as materials and biological sciences. In this paper, advances in the production, separation (isolation) and various spectroscopic characterizations of endohedral metallofullerenes are presented in an attempt to clarify their structural, electronic and solid state properties. Endohedral metallofullerenes are normally produced by DC electric arc discharge of metal/graphite composite rods used as positive electrodes. The metallofullerenes can also be produced by the so-called laser furnace method which incorporates laser vaporization of the composite rods under high temperature (ca 1000 °C). The endohedral metallofullerenes so far produced are centred on group 2 and 3 metallofullerenes such as Sc, Y, La, Ca, Sr and Ba as well as lanthanide metallofullerenes (Ce-Lu). These metal atoms have been encapsulated in higher fullerenes, especially in C82. These metallofullerenes have easily been extracted by solvents from primary soot. By using an elaborate high-performance liquid chromatography technique, the metallofullerenes are completely purified and isolated like C60 and C70. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction, 13C NMR and ultra-high vacuum scanning tunnelling microscopy (UHV-STM) studies have revealed that metal atoms are indeed encapsulated by the carbon cage and that the metal atoms are not in the centre of the fullerene cage but very close to the carbon cage, indicating the presence of a strong metal-cage interaction. It has been revealed by electron spin resonance and also by theoretical calculations that substantial electron transfers take place from the encaged metal atom to the carbon cage: intrafullerene electron transfers. Good examples are lanthanum and yttrium metallofullerenes which have the charge states of La3+@C823- and Y3+@C823-. One of the most distinct features of such a metallofullerene is superatom character, by which the metallofullerene can be viewed as a positively charged core metal surrounded by a negatively charged carbon cage. Such a molecule has a great similarity to the superatom concept first proposed by Watanabe and Inoshita in a semiconductor heterostructure comprising a spherically symmetric positively charged core. Structural and electronic analyses based on x-ray diffraction and UHV-STM measurements indeed provide evidence of such character. Other electronic and magnetic properties of the metallofullerenes are also intriguing. Endohedral metallofullerenes will be metal, small-gap semiconductors or insulators depending upon the fullerene size and the kind and the number of metal atom encapsulated. Finally, some prospective applications of metallofullerenes are presented.

Endohedral Fullerenes

2013-05-02
Alexey A. Popov , Shangfeng Yang , Lothar Dunsch
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTEndohedral FullerenesAlexey A. Popov*†, Shangfeng Yang*‡, and Lothar Dunsch*†View Author Information† Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, D-01171 … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTEndohedral FullerenesAlexey A. Popov*†, Shangfeng Yang*‡, and Lothar Dunsch*†View Author Information† Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany‡ Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China*E-mail: [email protected] (L.D.); [email protected] (A.A.P.); [email protected] (S.Y.).Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 8, 5989–6113Publication Date (Web):May 2, 2013Publication History Received24 July 2012Published online2 May 2013Published inissue 14 August 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr300297rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr300297rreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views17404Altmetric-Citations1089LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbon,Carbon nanomaterials,Metals,Molecular structure,Nanospheres Get e-Alerts

C60: Buckminsterfullerene

1991-09-01
H.W. Kroto , A.W. Allaf , S. P. Balm
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTC60: BuckminsterfullereneH. W. Kroto, A. W. Allaf, and S. P. BalmCite this: Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 6, 1213–1235Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTC60: BuckminsterfullereneH. W. Kroto, A. W. Allaf, and S. P. BalmCite this: Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 6, 1213–1235Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00006a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00006a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5776Altmetric-Citations842LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Degradation of Folic Acid in the Composition of a Conjugate with Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Fullerene C60 Under UV and E-Beam Irradiation

2025-06-24
Alina A. Borisenkova , Dmitriy V. Baykov , Anna V. Titova +6 more | Molecules
Folic acid (FA) is used as a targeting ligand for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells, some types of which overexpress folate receptors on their surface. However, while the preparation … Folic acid (FA) is used as a targeting ligand for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells, some types of which overexpress folate receptors on their surface. However, while the preparation of conjugates containing FA may comprise a multi-step process, FA presents low photostability under UV irradiation. In addition, FA undergoes radiolysis under the action of ionizing radiation, which is utilized for drug sterilization. In this study, we investigate the stability of FA in a conjugate (FA-PVP-C60) with fullerene C60 and polyvinylpyrrolidone under the action of UV (205–400 nm) and electron irradiation (doses from 2 to 8 kGy) at different pH (4.5, 7.2, 10.7). The degradation of FA is studied using fluorescence and UV–Vis spectroscopy. It is found that the fullerene C60 in the FA-PVP-C60 conjugate suppresses the degradation of FA during both photolysis and radiolysis, which is confirmed by the decrease in the quantum yield of fluorescence and the radiation chemical yield of FA destruction accompanied by increasing fullerene content in the conjugate (from 2.8 to 10 wt.%).

Synthesis and Characterization of a Water-Soluble Nanomaterial via Deep Nitration of Light Fullerene C60

2025-06-24
N. A. Kulenova , Marzhan Anuarbekovna Sadenova , Bagdat Azamatov +4 more | Inorganics
A direct non-catalytic synthesis of a new water-soluble polynitro-hydroxylated fullerene derivative, C60(NO2)18(OH)2, was carried out using a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. The resulting poly-nitro adduct was comprehensively … A direct non-catalytic synthesis of a new water-soluble polynitro-hydroxylated fullerene derivative, C60(NO2)18(OH)2, was carried out using a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. The resulting poly-nitro adduct was comprehensively characterized by elemental C-H-N analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, infrared (IR) and electron spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A detailed investigation of the physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions of C60(NO2)18(OH)2 demonstrated that the synthesized compound is a previously undescribed mixed polynitro-hydroxyl adduct of light fullerene C60, featuring a high degree of nitration (18 nitro groups per fullerene core). The composition and structure of the adduct were confirmed by spectroscopic and refractometric analyses. In terms of redox behavior, the compound exhibits significant reducing and antioxidant properties. These physicochemical characteristics suggest the potential of C60(NO2)18(OH)2 for further development as a biocompatible nanomaterial suitable for medical applications.

Spiro sp3 Carbon Center Formation in One Step

2025-06-23
| Synfacts

Pyrrolidinium Fullerenes as YTHDF1 Inhibitors for Targeted Tumor Therapy

2025-06-23
Xin Wang , Weixin Zhang , Jiawei Huo +7 more | Advanced Healthcare Materials
Abstract Cancer remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, necessitating the development of novel targeted therapies. This study explores the therapeutic potential of pyrrolidinium fullerenes as YTH N … Abstract Cancer remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, necessitating the development of novel targeted therapies. This study explores the therapeutic potential of pyrrolidinium fullerenes as YTH N 6 ‐methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 (YTHDF1) inhibitors for cancer treatment. A series of functionalized pyrrolidinium fullerenes is synthesized and characterized, including C 60 ‐(N,N‐dimethyl‐pyrrolidinium iodide) (NDMPFI), C 60 ‐(N‐methyl‐N‐benzyl‐pyrrolidinium iodide) (NMBPFI), and C 60 ‐(N‐methyl‐N‐hydroxyethyl‐pyrrolidinium iodide) (NMHPFI). These compounds exhibited strong binding affinity to YTHDF1, as confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that NDMPFI effectively suppressed cancer cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, downregulating key cell cycle regulators, including Cyclin D1, CDK4, and c‐Myc, while also inhibiting epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, NDMPFI promoted proteasome‐mediated degradation of YTHDF1, reducing the expression of downstream targets such as E2F8 and contributing to tumor growth inhibition. In vivo studies further validated its efficacy, showing significant tumor suppression in a lung cancer model without observable systemic toxicity. Collectively, these findings highlight pyrrolidinium fullerenes as promising candidates for targeted cancer therapy, paving the way for further development of YTHDF1 inhibitors as novel anticancer agents.

Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of a C20 fullerene structure: Monte Carlo study

2025-06-23
A. Jabar , S. Benyoussef , L. Bahmad | Journal of Computational Electronics
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A lanthanide–carbon triple bond stabilized within a fullerene cage

2025-06-19
Hongjie Jiang , Jing Zhao , Qingyu Meng +5 more | Nature Chemistry

Self-Assembled Fullerene-Based Materials for Energy-Related Applications

2025-06-19
Weiyi Li , Xiaoyi Kuang , Jinyuan Tang +7 more | ACS Applied Energy Materials

Probing Transition Metal–Fullerene Bonds: EDA–NOCV Analyses

2025-06-17
Sonam Suthar , Ritu Kaushik , Kartik Chandra Mondal | Organometallics

A Nitrogen‐Containing Graphenic Buckybowl for Photocatalysis and Assembly with Fullerenes

2025-06-16
Huiling Liu , Jimin Guo , Tao Che +3 more | Angewandte Chemie
A nitrogen‐containing graphenic buckybowl (3N‐HBC) has been synthesized through pentagonal cyclization at the bay positions of hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (p‐HBC) using a Pd‐catalyzed dehydrogenative cycloamination as a key step. The incorporation of … A nitrogen‐containing graphenic buckybowl (3N‐HBC) has been synthesized through pentagonal cyclization at the bay positions of hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (p‐HBC) using a Pd‐catalyzed dehydrogenative cycloamination as a key step. The incorporation of three pyrrole rings to the periphery of the bowl endows it with strong electron‐rich character, showing three reversible oxidations in cyclic voltammetry (CV), and thus could be progressively oxidized into cationic radical and high‐charged species upon gradual addition of the oxidant. Interestingly, the cationic radical was also generated by acids, which could be significantly accelerated by light, whether under an air or inert atmosphere. 3N‐HBC exhibits interesting properties that arise from its electron‐rich character and the unique curved geometry. 3N‐HBC proved to be a superior organic photocatalyst for the conversion of 2‐isocyanobiphenyl to phenanthridine derivatives at 1.0 mol% catalytic loading under blue LEDs irradiation. Furthermore, the electron‐donating nature and curved π‐surface of 3N‐HBC enable its association with fullerenes (C60 and C70) in solution and solid states. This work also demonstrates that nanographene sheets can be bent to π‐bowls through introduction of few pentagons containing small‐sized heteroatom to their bay regions.

A Nitrogen‐Containing Graphenic Buckybowl for Photocatalysis and Assembly with Fullerenes

2025-06-16
Huiling Liu , Jimin Guo , Tao Che +3 more | Angewandte Chemie International Edition
A nitrogen‐containing graphenic buckybowl (3N‐HBC) has been synthesized through pentagonal cyclization at the bay positions of hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (p‐HBC) using a Pd‐catalyzed dehydrogenative cycloamination as a key step. The incorporation of … A nitrogen‐containing graphenic buckybowl (3N‐HBC) has been synthesized through pentagonal cyclization at the bay positions of hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (p‐HBC) using a Pd‐catalyzed dehydrogenative cycloamination as a key step. The incorporation of three pyrrole rings to the periphery of the bowl endows it with strong electron‐rich character, showing three reversible oxidations in cyclic voltammetry (CV), and thus could be progressively oxidized into cationic radical and high‐charged species upon gradual addition of the oxidant. Interestingly, the cationic radical was also generated by acids, which could be significantly accelerated by light, whether under an air or inert atmosphere. 3N‐HBC exhibits interesting properties that arise from its electron‐rich character and the unique curved geometry. 3N‐HBC proved to be a superior organic photocatalyst for the conversion of 2‐isocyanobiphenyl to phenanthridine derivatives at 1.0 mol% catalytic loading under blue LEDs irradiation. Furthermore, the electron‐donating nature and curved π‐surface of 3N‐HBC enable its association with fullerenes (C60 and C70) in solution and solid states. This work also demonstrates that nanographene sheets can be bent to π‐bowls through introduction of few pentagons containing small‐sized heteroatom to their bay regions.

Excited State Dynamics of Odd [<i>n</i>]Cumulenes: Chain Length and Conformational Effects

2025-06-16
Tobias Ullrich , Bozheng Sun , Yanwen Yang +7 more | Journal of the American Chemical Society
Over the past decades, carbon allotropes have been extensively studied and applied to various technological applications due to their unique electronic and optical properties. Contemporary research has focused on quasi-1D, … Over the past decades, carbon allotropes have been extensively studied and applied to various technological applications due to their unique electronic and optical properties. Contemporary research has focused on quasi-1D, 2D, and 3D materials. On the other hand, the synthesis and isolation of carbyne as the 1D sp-hybridized carbon nanostructure remains elusive. Significant effort has been directed toward synthesis and study of carbon atomic wires (CAWs) as finite analogues of carbyne. The properties of CAWs composed of alkyne building blocks (oligoynes and polyynes) have provided glimpses of the potential properties of carbyne, while the synthesis and study of the alternative structure of CAWs, [n]cumulenes, remains in its infancy. Herein, we present an in-depth photophysical investigation of three odd [n]cumulenes (n = 3, 5, 7) assisted by quantum-chemical calculations. In contrast to the oligoynes, the photophysical properties of cumulenic carbon chains are dramatically impacted by both length and conformational effects of terminal end groups. We demonstrate how the subtle control over rotational motion with respect to the terminal CC bonds of cumulenes alters their electronic ground and excited states as well as dominating the photophysical deactivation cascade.

A.G. IBRAGIMOV – THE FOUNDER OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OF FULLERENES IN UFA

2025-06-16
V.R. AKHMETOVA , Denis Sh. Sabirov | Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN
In the mini-review, using the example of the first systematic works on synthetic organic chemistry under the supervision of Professor A.G. Ibragimov, the possibilities of using metal complex catalysis for … In the mini-review, using the example of the first systematic works on synthetic organic chemistry under the supervision of Professor A.G. Ibragimov, the possibilities of using metal complex catalysis for obtaining new fullerene compounds in their reactions with organoaluminum reagents, N-, S- and O-nucleophiles are demonstrated.

ISOMERIZATION OF FULLEROID C60 CONTAINING AN ADAMANTANE FRAGMENT, INTO METHANOFULLERENE UNDER THE ACTION OF ULTRASOUND

2025-06-16
Z. S. Kinzyabaeva , Arslan R. Akhmetov , E.V. Borovik +2 more | Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN
The synthesis of a fullerene derivative conjugated with adamantane is based on an original catalytic selective method for the functionalization of carbon clusters with the participation of diazo compounds, previously … The synthesis of a fullerene derivative conjugated with adamantane is based on an original catalytic selective method for the functionalization of carbon clusters with the participation of diazo compounds, previously devel oped in the laboratory of catalytic synthesis of the Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In the cycloaddition reaction of adamantane derivative hy drazone to fullerene C60 under metal complex catalysis conditions in the presence of Pd(PPh3)2Cl2, a single [5,6] open isomer was obtained: a hexaadduct of fulleroid containing ethyl and adamantane fragments on the methylene bridge with a quantitative yield (the molar ratio of reagents C60:Pd(PPh3)2Cl2:adamantane hydrazone 7:MnO2 = 1:0.05:10:30). The scheme of synthesis of the initial hydrazone of adamantane derivative includes three succes sive stages based on the synthesis of adamantanecarboxylic acid chloride, its interaction with C2H5MgBr and the condensation reaction of the obtained adamantane ketone with hydrazine hydrate. The hydrazone of the adamantane derivative plays a dual role in this reaction: firstly, it is a reducing agent for the divalent palladium ion in Pd(PPh3)2Cl2, i.e. it generates the active form of the catalyst; secondly, it is a reagent from which a diazo compound is formed in situ in the presence of the oxidizer MnO2, which is attached to the fullerene framework to form a single [5,6]-open isomer. It was found that the resulting compound does not undergo isomerization into the [6,6]-closed one under thermal conditions (100 hours, 180°C), but undergoes isomerization under mild conditions under the action of ultrasound (air, room temperature, 1.5 hours). Atmospheric oxygen does not affect the sonochemical isomerization reaction: conducting reactions under anaerobic conditions does not change the yield of the reaction product. The obtained compounds were identified by the combined use of mass, UV, one- and two-dimensional NMR spectrometry. Identification of two isomeric forms of adamantane adducts of fullerene C60 ([5,6]-open and [6,6]-closed) was carried out using 13C NMR spectra: the [5,6]-open isomer does not have signals of sp3-hybridized carbon atoms in the 70–90 ppm region; the [6,6]-closed isomer contains two signals of sp3-hybridized atoms of the fullerene sphere in the 70–90 ppm region.

Synthesis, Photophysical, and Chemiexcitation Properties of Luminol‐Fullerene Dyads: Towards Chemiexcitation Electron Transfer

2025-06-15
Theodoros Mikroulis , Gemma M. Rodríguez‐Muñiz , Demeter Tzeli +3 more | Chemistry - A European Journal
Fullerene‐based donor‐acceptor (D‐A) dyads have been extensively studied for their unique electronic properties, with applications in photoinduced energy conversion devices. In these systems, dynamic quenching of the excited donor’s emission … Fullerene‐based donor‐acceptor (D‐A) dyads have been extensively studied for their unique electronic properties, with applications in photoinduced energy conversion devices. In these systems, dynamic quenching of the excited donor’s emission occurs, via energy or electron transfer to the fullerene acceptor. However, there are no reports on fullerene dyads bearing chemiluminescent donor analogues. In this context, the synthesis of two luminol‐fullerene D‐A dyads, bridged with alkyl chains of different lengths, is reported herein. The electronic communication between the two moieties was thoroughly evaluated, following either the photo‐ or chemi‐excitation of the linked units. Steady state and time‐resolved absorption studies, combined with emission techniques, were employed to monitor the deactivation fate of excited species. In general, a significant quenching of the excited luminol‐derived emission signals was observed, revealing detectable intramolecular interactions between the two moieties. Unlike what is usually observed in other luminol‐based D‐A systems, quenching of the excited species generated upon photo‐ and chemi‐excitation of the luminol‐fullerene dyads is attributed to electron rather than energy transfer. This was found to be consistent with the estimated Gibbs energy of photoinduced electron transfer and with DFT theoretical calculations.

Modulating the Binding Strength of Multiple Intermediates by Few‐Layer Fullerene Network Electron Buffer for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution

2025-06-13
Xing Wang , Xiang Chen , Rongyao Lv +7 more | Small
Abstract The reaction kinetics for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an alkaline medium is more sluggish than in acid because it involves extraordinary adsorption and desorption of multiple oxygenated … Abstract The reaction kinetics for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an alkaline medium is more sluggish than in acid because it involves extraordinary adsorption and desorption of multiple oxygenated intermediates. Herein, by using covalently bonded 2D fullerene C 60 network (abbreviated 2D‐C 60 ) as a unique support of Ru nanoparticles (NPs), the binding strengths of the key intermediates in the alkaline HER process are successfully modulated owing to the electron buffering effect of 2D‐C 60 , which can dynamically buffer the change of charge density on metal active sites resulted from the adsorption and desorption of intermediates. The as‐prepared Ru NPs/2D‐C 60 catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 24 mV at 10 mA cm −1 and eight times higher intrinsic activity than Ru NPs toward the alkaline HER. The kinetics studies and theoretical calculations reveal that, thanks to the reversible charge transfer among 2D‐C 60 , metal, and intermediates during the HER process, the binding strengths of both H and OH species on the Ru surface are weakened, affording an accelerated HER kinetics process and improved HER activity.

Excited-state decay dynamics of endohedral metal–metal-bonding fullerenes

2025-06-12
Chenkai Zhang , Dong Liu , Tao Yang | The Journal of Chemical Physics
Endohedral metal–metal-bonding fullerenes, in which the endohedral metal atoms form covalent metal–metal bonds, are typical models for studying the confined metal–metal bonds. Herein, utilizing time-dependent ab initio nonadiabatic dynamic simulations, … Endohedral metal–metal-bonding fullerenes, in which the endohedral metal atoms form covalent metal–metal bonds, are typical models for studying the confined metal–metal bonds. Herein, utilizing time-dependent ab initio nonadiabatic dynamic simulations, we explore the electron excited-state decay dynamics in endohedral metal–metal-bonding fullerenes M2@C82 (M = Sc, Y, La). The calculation results revealed that the electron relaxation time decreases with initial excited energy, with saturation occurring for excess energies starting from 2.1 eV. Y2@C82 exhibits a significantly longer electron decay time compared to Sc2@C82 and La2@C82. The reasons are attributed to the unique electronic structure and dynamics associated with the Y atoms, which modify the density of states and impact motion. Those findings enhance our understanding of the intricate dynamics within endohedral fullerenes and highlight the importance of metal elements in tailoring their physical properties for advanced applications.

A Regulatory-Compliant Genotoxicity Study of a Mixture of C60 and C70 Fullerenes Dissolved in Olive Oil Using the Mammalian Micronucleus Test

2025-06-05
Fathi Moussa | Nanomaterials
Although they show great promise in the medical field, the safety of fullerenes—discovered forty years ago—is still uncertain, according to regulatory experts at the European Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety. … Although they show great promise in the medical field, the safety of fullerenes—discovered forty years ago—is still uncertain, according to regulatory experts at the European Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety. This is a major obstacle to progress in the field. Meanwhile, oily solutions of fullerenes intended for human and pet consumption can be purchased online, without any marketing authorization. Therefore, to avoid any potential public health issues, regulatory-compliant preclinical studies on fullerene oily solutions are urgently needed. We present the first in vivo genotoxicity study of a C60/C70 fullerene mixture (4.1/1, w/w) dissolved in extra virgin olive oil (0.8 mg/mL). The study was conducted using the Mammalian Micronucleus Test (MMT) in an independent GLP-laboratory, in compliance with the OECD and EPA guidelines. The MMT was performed on NMRI mice following the oral administration of fullerenes at doses of up to 3.6 mg/kg. This dose is almost the maximum dose that can be administered to rodents. The data obtained clearly show that fullerene oily solutions have no genotoxic activity under these conditions. This should pave the way for further regulatory investigations of fullerene oily solutions.

Constructing of functional hydrogel coatings via combined surface laser ablation with surface-initiated polymerization

2025-06-01
Luxing Wei , Liuguang Song , Yonggan Yan +6 more | Chemical Engineering Journal

[7]Cyclophenoxathiin: A heptagonal frustum-shaped nanobelt container for fullerenes

2025-06-01
Zhenglin Du , Weijie Zhang , Yisong Tang +3 more | Chinese Chemical Letters

Cryoscopic study of aqueous solutions of sulfur-containing amino acids adducts of fullerene C <sub>60</sub>

2025-06-01
Ali Mlhem , Gleb O. Iurev , Yurii A. Anufricov +7 more | Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures

The nature of the N → C dative bonds in the complexes between piperidine and fullerenes

2025-06-01
Weizhou Wang , Yu Zhang , Ming Zou +1 more | Computational and Theoretical Chemistry

Quantum confinement and carbon nanodots. A conceptual view of the origin of diffuse interstellar bands

2025-05-30
Adrian Jones | Astronomy and Astrophysics
The nature of the diffuse interstellar band (DIB) carriers is perhaps the most studied and longest-standing unresolved problem in astronomy. While four bands have been associated with the fullerene cation … The nature of the diffuse interstellar band (DIB) carriers is perhaps the most studied and longest-standing unresolved problem in astronomy. While four bands have been associated with the fullerene cation (C^+_60), the vast majority ($&gt; 550$) remain unidentified. This work is an attempt to provide a conceptual framework for the typical energy transitions that are central to explaining the origin of DIBs; however, it does not make an association between these transitions and any particular DIBs. The effect of quantum confinement on excitons, including charge transfer excitons, was used to construct a generic basis for the electronic transitions that could, in principle, be coherent with the energies associated with DIBs. In this model the carriers are carbon nanodots (CNDs) modelled as nanodiamonds and a-C(:H) nanoparticles. These preliminary results seem to show that particle size dependent effects in nanodiamond and a-C(:H) CNDs could be consistent with the positions of, and intervals between, some of the DIBs. One particular strength of the model is that it predicts single bands from the majority of single-size particles, and at most two bands from some of these same carriers. In the latter case, the two bands come from different transitions and may or may not correlate, depending upon the local environment. This generic framework indicates that the size-dependent fundamental transitions in CNDs could provide a viable scenario for the origin of some DIB-type bands. While this work does not identify a single DIB, it furnishes a conceptual view of the DIB origin, and suggests that a more refined exploration of quantum confinement size effects and exciton physics within the astronomical domain might prove fruitful. This work also hints at the requirement for stable configurations for particular size domains in order to explain DIB wavelength stability.

Investigating the protective effects of fullerenol-C60 on kidney and lung tissues in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with cecal sepsis

2025-05-30
Ömer Kubat , Kürşat Dіkmen , Hasan Bostancı +5 more | Scientific Reports
This study aimed to investigate the effects of sepsis on distant organs, such as the kidneys and lungs, using an experimental diabetic sepsis model, as well as to explore the … This study aimed to investigate the effects of sepsis on distant organs, such as the kidneys and lungs, using an experimental diabetic sepsis model, as well as to explore the role of fullerenol-C60 in these effects. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (group C), diabetes (group D), diabetes sepsis (group DS), and diabetes-sepsis-fullerenol-C60 (group DS-FC60). Diabetes was induced in the diabetes groups by intraperitoneal administration of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin. Rats with blood glucose levels above 250 mg/dL at 72 h were considered diabetic. After 4 weeks, all groups underwent laparotomy under anesthesia. Fullerenol-C60 was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg/kg 30 min after the procedure. The sham group was sacrificed 24 h after abdominal incision. In the diabetes group, the abdomen was closed after the incision, and the rats were sacrificed 24 h later. In the DS and DS-FC60 groups, following the abdominal incision, cecal ligation and puncture were performed, the abdomen was closed, and the rats were sacrificed 24 h later. The left kidneys and lungs of the sacrificed rats from all groups were fixed in formalin for histological examination, while the right lungs and kidneys were stored in nitrogen tubes at - 80 °C for biochemical analysis. Vascular vacuolization and hypertrophy, as well as tubular cell degeneration and necrosis, which were observed in the histological evaluation of the kidneys, were significantly lower in group DS-FC60 than in group DS. Similarly, in the biochemical examination of the kidneys, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and catalase (CAT) activity were significantly lower in groups DS-FC60 and DS than in group C. In the histological examination of the lungs, neutrophil infiltration/aggregation and the total damage score were significantly lower in group DS-FC60 than in group DS. Significant differences were also observed between groups DS-FC60 and DS in terms of CAT activity and TBARS levels in the biochemical analysis of the lungs. We found that fullerenol-C60, when administered 30 min after sepsis, reduced oxidative stress and improved sepsis-induced damage in the lung and kidney tissues of rats with diabetes mellitus. Our results suggest that fullerenol-C60 administered after sepsis provides protective effects on distant organs.

Fullerene hits for green energy—Marching towards solar cells

2025-05-29
Ayesha Kausar
Since discovery and after decades of scientific endeavors on fullerene and derived nanomaterials, we note wide-span high-tech applications in the fields of energy/electronic devices—to—space/defense/engineering—to—medical areas. These days, conformist explorations on … Since discovery and after decades of scientific endeavors on fullerene and derived nanomaterials, we note wide-span high-tech applications in the fields of energy/electronic devices—to—space/defense/engineering—to—medical areas. These days, conformist explorations on carbon nanoparticles, like fullerene, trend towards the use of green synthesis methods and sources, leading to the development of environmentally friendly nanomaterials and applications. Fullerene, as one of the most remarkable nanotechnological breakthroughs, has emerged as a leading competitor for designing ecofriendly or green energy devices and systems. Looking at the current scientific demand for fullerene in one of the most efficient ecological energy conversion systems, like solar cells, we plan this perspective manuscript to unveil the true state-of-the-art and progress on green-sourced fullerene nanomaterials for photovoltaics. As per expanded research over the past few decades, manufacturing/application of fullerene nanomaterials via sustainable ecological sources/techniques led to next-level utilization for green energy devices, especially for high-performance solar cells with notably high power conversion efficiencies, photovoltaic parameters, low price, light weight, nontoxicity, and fine processability. Despite the research progress so far, commercialization and real-world utilization of fullerene-derived green solar cells seem to be reliant upon overcoming challenges for integrating these nanomaterials into today’s most scorching next-generation green energy devices or assemblies.

Nano-selenium and the SRC family kinases pathway: Redefining gene expression dynamics in major depressive disorder based on a randomized controlled trial

2025-05-27
Morvarid Noormohammadi , Farnaz Etesam , Ali Amini +3 more
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition. Dysregulation of signaling pathways interacting with SRC family kinases has been implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD through inflammation. Nano-selenium, … Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition. Dysregulation of signaling pathways interacting with SRC family kinases has been implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD through inflammation. Nano-selenium, a nanoscale form of selenium with enhanced bioavailability, has the potential to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation, which are implicated in MDD. To the best of our knowledge, in this study, for the first time we aimed to examine whether nano-selenium supplementation would decrease c-SRC gene expression. Methods: This triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran. Using block randomization, fifty participants diagnosed with MDD per Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) criteria were randomly assigned to receive nano-selenium (55 µg/day, n = 25) or placebo (n = 25) for 12 weeks alongside sertraline (50 mg/day). c-SRC gene expression was assessed using real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) from peripheral blood samples collected at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results: Twenty-one participants in each group completed the study, with an 84% retention rate in both groups. No serious adverse events were reported. There was no significant difference between groups at baseline. Post-intervention, c-SRC gene expression levels decreased in both the nano-selenium and placebo groups [median change (Q1, Q3): -0.0031, (-0.0065, -0.0005) vs. -0.0021 (-0.0085, 0), respectively; P &lt; 0.05]; however, no significant differences were observed between the two groups (P = 0.606). Conclusion: Nano-selenium supplementation did not significantly modulate c-SRC gene expression. Limitations included a short duration. Future studies should explore alternative molecular pathways, higher supplementation doses, and treatment-naïve populations to better understand nano-selenium’s therapeutic potential in MDD.

A Highly Water-Soluble C<sub>60</sub>-Oligo-Lysine Conjugate as a Type I and Type II Photosensitizer with Enhanced ROS Generation and Photocytotoxicity

2025-05-27
Yue Ma , L. Persi , Kateryna A. Tolmachova +6 more

Anharmonic effects control interaction of carbyne confined in carbon nanotubes shaping their vibrational properties

2025-05-26
Emil Parth , Andrea Corradini , Weili Cui +7 more

A Computational Study of Organosulfur Adsorption on Silicon Fullerenes: Implications for Improving Environmental Safety

2025-05-26
Kama Hosea Gobak , Saika Alamin A. , Musa Runde +2 more