Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics

Economic and Environmental Valuation

Works Count: 67119

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the application of discrete choice models, such as mixed logit and conjoint analysis, in economics and health care. It explores topics related to willingness to pay, preference elicitation, experimental design, and environmental valuation. The papers also discuss the use of stated preference methods to understand consumer preferences and decision-making processes.

Keywords

Discrete Choice Models; Conjoint Analysis; Willingness to Pay; Health Economics; Preference Elicitation; Environmental Valuation; Mixed Logit Models; Experimental Design; Consumer Preferences; Stated Preference Methods

Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation

2003-01-01

Kenneth Train

This book describes the new generation of discrete choice methods, focusing on the many advances that are made possible by simulation. Researchers use these statistical methods to examine the choices … This book describes the new generation of discrete choice methods, focusing on the many advances that are made possible by simulation. Researchers use these statistical methods to examine the choices that consumers, households, firms, and other agents make. Each of the major models is covered: logit, generalized extreme value, or GEV (including nested and cross-nested logits), probit, and mixed logit, plus a variety of specifications that build on these basics. Simulation-assisted estimation procedures are investigated and compared, including maximum simulated likelihood, method of simulated moments, and method of simulated scores. Procedures for drawing from densities are described, including variance reduction techniques such as anithetics and Halton draws. Recent advances in Bayesian procedures are explored, including the use of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and its variant Gibbs sampling. No other book incorporates all these fields, which have arisen in the past 20 years. The procedures are applicable in many fields, including energy, transportation, environmental studies, health, labor, and marketing.

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Monopolistic competition and optimum product diversity

1977-06-01

Avinash Dixit , Joseph E. Stiglitz

Pettengill tests whether there is an excessive number of firms in a monopolistically competitive equilibrium by a device of considerable expository merit. He removes one firm, and redistributes the resources … Pettengill tests whether there is an excessive number of firms in a monopolistically competitive equilibrium by a device of considerable expository merit. He removes one firm, and redistributes the resources thus released equally over the remaining firms in the sector, to see if welfare can be improved. To do this correctly, we write n, for the equilibrium number of firms and xe for the output of each. With fixed cost a and constant average variable cost c, removing one firm releases (a + Cxe) of resources, and this enables the output of each of the remaining ( I) firms to be increased (a + c Xe )/(1fl 1)}. The quantity xo of the numeraire good is unaffected by this, and the utility function (equation (31) of our paper) is

MODELING THE CHOICE OF RESIDENTIAL LOCATION

1978-01-01

Daniel McFadden

The problem of translating the theory of economic choice behavior into concrete models suitable for analyzing housing location is discussed. The analysis is based on the premise that the classical, … The problem of translating the theory of economic choice behavior into concrete models suitable for analyzing housing location is discussed. The analysis is based on the premise that the classical, economically rational consumer will choose a residential location by weighing the attributes of each available alternative and by selecting the alternative that maximizes utility. The assumption of independence in the commonly used multinomial logit model of choice is relaxed to permit a structure of perceived similarities among alternatives. In this analysis, choice is described by a multinomial logit model for aggregates of similar alternatives. Also discussed are methods for controlling the size of data collection and estimation tasks by sampling alternatives from the full set of alternatives. /Author/

Contingent Valuation: Is Some Number Better than No Number?

1994-11-01

Peter Diamond , Jerry A. Hausman

Without market outcomes for comparison, internal consistency tests, particularly adding-up tests, are needed for credibility. When tested, contingent valuation has failed. Proponents find surveys tested poorly done. To the authors’ … Without market outcomes for comparison, internal consistency tests, particularly adding-up tests, are needed for credibility. When tested, contingent valuation has failed. Proponents find surveys tested poorly done. To the authors’ knowledge, no survey has passed these tests. The ‘embedding effect’ is the similarity of willingness-to-pay responses that theory suggests (and sometimes requires) be different. This problem has long been recognized but not solved. The authors conclude that current methods are not suitable for damage assessment or benefit-cost analysis. They believe the problems come from an absence of preferences, not a flaw in survey methodology, making improvement unlikely.

Accounting for common method variance in cross-sectional research designs.

2001-01-01

Michael K. Lindell , David J. Whitney

Cross-sectional studies of attitude-behavior relationships are vulnerable to the inflation of correlations by common method variance (CMV). Here, a model is presented that allows partial correlation analysis to adjust the … Cross-sectional studies of attitude-behavior relationships are vulnerable to the inflation of correlations by common method variance (CMV). Here, a model is presented that allows partial correlation analysis to adjust the observed correlations for CMV contamination and determine if conclusions about the statistical and practical significance of a predictor have been influenced by the presence of CMV. This method also suggests procedures for designing questionnaires to increase the precision of this adjustment.

Robust variance estimation in meta‐regression with dependent effect size estimates

2010-01-01

Larry V. Hedges , Elizabeth Tipton , Matthew C. Johnson

Conventional meta-analytic techniques rely on the assumption that effect size estimates from different studies are independent and have sampling distributions with known conditional variances. The independence assumption is violated when … Conventional meta-analytic techniques rely on the assumption that effect size estimates from different studies are independent and have sampling distributions with known conditional variances. The independence assumption is violated when studies produce several estimates based on the same individuals or there are clusters of studies that are not independent (such as those carried out by the same investigator or laboratory). This paper provides an estimator of the covariance matrix of meta-regression coefficients that are applicable when there are clusters of internally correlated estimates. It makes no assumptions about the specific form of the sampling distributions of the effect sizes, nor does it require knowledge of the covariance structure of the dependent estimates. Moreover, this paper demonstrates that the meta-regression coefficients are consistent and asymptotically normally distributed and that the robust variance estimator is valid even when the covariates are random. The theory is asymptotic in the number of studies, but simulations suggest that the theory may yield accurate results with as few as 20-40 studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Intervention Analysis with Applications to Economic and Environmental Problems

1975-03-01

George E. P. Box , George C. Tiao

Abstract This article discusses the effect of interventions on a given response variable in the presence of dependent noise structure. Difference equation models are employed to represent the possible dynamic … Abstract This article discusses the effect of interventions on a given response variable in the presence of dependent noise structure. Difference equation models are employed to represent the possible dynamic characteristics of both the interventions and the noise. Some properties of the maximum likelihood estimators of parameters measuring level changes are discussed. Two applications, one dealing with the photochemical smog data in Los Angeles and the other with changes in the consumer price index, are presented.

Mixed Logit with Repeated Choices: Households' Choices of Appliance Efficiency Level

1998-11-01

David Revelt , Kenneth Train

Mixed logit models, also called random-parameters or error-components logit, are a generalization of standard logit that do not exhibit the restrictive “independence from irrelevant alternatives” property and explicitly account for … Mixed logit models, also called random-parameters or error-components logit, are a generalization of standard logit that do not exhibit the restrictive “independence from irrelevant alternatives” property and explicitly account for correlations in unobserved utility over repeated choices by each customer. Mixed logits are estimated for households' choices of appliances under utility-sponsored programs that offer rebates or loans on high-efficiency appliances.

Some empirical evidence on dynamic inconsistency

1981-01-01

Richard H. Thaler

Specification and testing of some modified count data models

1986-12-01

John Mullahy

Elimination by aspects: A theory of choice.

1972-07-01

Amos Tversky

The structure of random utility models

1977-07-01

Charles F. Manski

A latent class model for discrete choice analysis: contrasts with mixed logit

2003-03-26

William H. Greene , David A. Hensher

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Choice Based on Reasons: The Case of Attraction and Compromise Effects

1989-09-01

Itamar Simonson

Journal Article Choice Based on Reasons: The Case of Attraction and Compromise Effects Get access Itamar Simonson Itamar Simonson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed … Journal Article Choice Based on Reasons: The Case of Attraction and Compromise Effects Get access Itamar Simonson Itamar Simonson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 16, Issue 2, September 1989, Pages 158–174, https://doi.org/10.1086/209205 Published: 01 September 1989 Article history Received: 01 January 1988 Revision received: 01 March 1989 Published: 01 September 1989

Optimal Replacement of GMC Bus Engines: An Empirical Model of Harold Zurcher

1987-09-01

John Rust

This paper formulates a simple, regenerative, optimal-stopping model of bus-engine replacement to describe the behavior of Harold Zurcher, superintendent of maintenance at the Madison (Wisconsin) Metropolitan Bus Company. Admittedly, few … This paper formulates a simple, regenerative, optimal-stopping model of bus-engine replacement to describe the behavior of Harold Zurcher, superintendent of maintenance at the Madison (Wisconsin) Metropolitan Bus Company. Admittedly, few people are likely to take particular interest in Harold Zurcher and bus engine replacement per se. The author focuses on a specific individual and capital good because it provides a simple, concrete framework to illustrate two ideas: (1) a bottom-up approach for modeling replacement investment and (2) a nested fixed point algorithm for estimating dynamic programming models of discrete choice.

Conjoint Analysis in Marketing: New Developments with Implications for Research and Practice

1990-10-01

Paul E. Green , V. Srinivasan

The authors update and extend their 1978 review of conjoint analysis. In addition to discussing several new developments, they consider alternative approaches for measuring preference structures in the presence of … The authors update and extend their 1978 review of conjoint analysis. In addition to discussing several new developments, they consider alternative approaches for measuring preference structures in the presence of a large number of attributes. They also discuss other topics such as reliability, validity, and choice simulators.

Sensitivity Analysis in Practice: A Guide to Assessing Scientific Models

2005-03-01

Andrew McCulloch

Valuing public goods: The purchase of moral satisfaction

1992-01-01

Daniel Kahneman , Jack L. Knetsch

Modeling multiple ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, commodity production, and tradeoffs at landscape scales

2009-02-01

Erik Nelson , Guillermo Mendoza , James Regetz +7 more

Nature provides a wide range of benefits to people. There is increasing consensus about the importance of incorporating these “ecosystem services” into resource management decisions, but quantifying the levels and … Nature provides a wide range of benefits to people. There is increasing consensus about the importance of incorporating these “ecosystem services” into resource management decisions, but quantifying the levels and values of these services has proven difficult. We use a spatially explicit modeling tool, Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST), to predict changes in ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, and commodity production levels. We apply InVEST to stakeholder‐defined scenarios of land‐use/land‐cover change in the Willamette Basin, Oregon. We found that scenarios that received high scores for a variety of ecosystem services also had high scores for biodiversity, suggesting there is little tradeoff between biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. Scenarios involving more development had higher commodity production values, but lower levels of biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. However, including payments for carbon sequestration alleviates this tradeoff. Quantifying ecosystem services in a spatially explicit manner, and analyzing tradeoffs between them, can help to make natural resource decisions more effective, efficient, and defensible.

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Statistical Efficiency of Double‐Bounded Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation

1991-11-01

W. Michael Hanemann , John B. Loomis , Barbara Kanninen

Abstract The statistical efficiency of conventional dichotomous choice contingent valuation surveys can be improved by asking each respondent a second dichotomous choice question which depends on the response to the … Abstract The statistical efficiency of conventional dichotomous choice contingent valuation surveys can be improved by asking each respondent a second dichotomous choice question which depends on the response to the first question—if the first response is “yes,” the second bid is some amount greater than the first bid; while, if the first response is “no,” the second bid is some amount smaller. This “double‐bounded” approach is shown to be asymptotically more efficient than the conventional, “singlebounded” approach. Using data from a survey of Californians regarding their willingness to pay for wetlands in the San Joaquin Valley, we show that, in a finite sample, the gain in efficiency can be very substantial.

The Measurement of Environmental and Resource Values

2014-06-05

A. Myrick Freeman , Joseph A. Herriges , Catherine L. Kling

Freeman's Benefits of Environmental Improvement: Theory and Practice, published in 1979, examined the relationship between benefits and environmental decision-making and the problems involved in measuring the values of environmental changes. … Freeman's Benefits of Environmental Improvement: Theory and Practice, published in 1979, examined the relationship between benefits and environmental decision-making and the problems involved in measuring the values of environmental changes. The years following the publication of this study have seen a virtual explosion of new theoretical developments and empirical applications in resource and environmental valuation. This work presents a comprehensive treatment of benefit measurement that includes entirely reworked analyses of such topics as the contingent valuation technique, valuing improved health, property value models, and the travel cost approach. New topics include intertemporal welfare measures, the use of discrete choice models, the valuation of risk changes, hedonic wage models, non-use values, and measurement of the cost of environmental policies. Measurement of Environmental and Resource Values aims to provide an introduction to the principal methods and techniques of resource and environmental valuation to professional economists and graduate students who are not directly engaged in the field. Practitioners in the field should find the work an up-do-date reference on recent developments in the theory and methods underlying the practice of resource valuation.

Valuing the Environment Through Contingent Valuation

1994-11-01

W. Michael Hanemann

Contingent valuation is now used around the world to value many types of public goods, including transportation, sanitation, health, and education, as well as the environment. The author describes how … Contingent valuation is now used around the world to value many types of public goods, including transportation, sanitation, health, and education, as well as the environment. The author describes how researchers go about making such surveys reliable, mentioning recent innovations in sampling, questionnaire design, and data analysis, including formulating the valuation as a closed-ended question about voting in a referendum to raise taxes for a particular purpose. He addresses various objections that contingent valuation results are incompatible with economic theory. Even without a market, there still exists a latent demand curve for nonmarket goods; contingent valuation represents a way to tease this out.

Combination of direct and indirect evidence in mixed treatment comparisons

2004-09-24

G. Lu , A. E. Ades

Abstract Mixed treatment comparison (MTC) meta‐analysis is a generalization of standard pairwise meta‐analysis for A vs B trials, to data structures that include, for example, A vs B, B vs … Abstract Mixed treatment comparison (MTC) meta‐analysis is a generalization of standard pairwise meta‐analysis for A vs B trials, to data structures that include, for example, A vs B, B vs C, and A vs C trials. There are two roles for MTC: one is to strengthen inference concerning the relative efficacy of two treatments, by including both ‘direct’ and ‘indirect’ comparisons. The other is to facilitate simultaneous inference regarding all treatments, in order for example to select the best treatment. In this paper, we present a range of Bayesian hierarchical models using the Markov chain Monte Carlo software WinBUGS. These are multivariate random effects models that allow for variation in true treatment effects across trials. We consider models where the between‐trials variance is homogeneous across treatment comparisons as well as heterogeneous variance models. We also compare models with fixed (unconstrained) baseline study effects with models with random baselines drawn from a common distribution. These models are applied to an illustrative data set and posterior parameter distributions are compared. We discuss model critique and model selection, illustrating the role of Bayesian deviance analysis, and node‐based model criticism. The assumptions underlying the MTC models and their parameterization are also discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Adding Asymmetrically Dominated Alternatives: Violations of Regularity and the Similarity Hypothesis

1982-06-01

Joel Huber , John W. Payne , Christopher P. Puto

Journal Article Adding Asymmetrically Dominated Alternatives: Violations of Regularity and the Similarity Hypothesis Get access Joel Huber, Joel Huber Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed … Journal Article Adding Asymmetrically Dominated Alternatives: Violations of Regularity and the Similarity Hypothesis Get access Joel Huber, Joel Huber Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John W. Payne, John W. Payne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christopher Puto Christopher Puto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 9, Issue 1, June 1982, Pages 90–98, https://doi.org/10.1086/208899 Published: 01 June 1982 Article history Received: 01 July 1981 Revision received: 01 December 1981 Published: 01 June 1982

Conjoint Analysis Applications in Health—a Checklist: A Report of the ISPOR Good Research Practices for Conjoint Analysis Task Force

2011-06-01

John F. P. Bridges , Brett Hauber , Deborah A. Marshall +5 more

Welfare Evaluations in Contingent Valuation Experiments with Discrete Responses

1984-08-01

W. Michael Hanemann

Abstract Since the work of Bishop and Heberlein, a number of contingent valuation experiments have appeared involving discrete responses which are analyzed by logit or similar techniques. This paper addresses … Abstract Since the work of Bishop and Heberlein, a number of contingent valuation experiments have appeared involving discrete responses which are analyzed by logit or similar techniques. This paper addresses the issues of how the logit models should be formulated to be consistent with the hypothesis of utility maximization and how measures of compensating and equivalent surplus should be derived from the fitted models. Two distinct types of welfare measures are introduced and then estimated from Bishop and Heberlein's data.

Changes in the global value of ecosystem services

2014-05-01

Robert Costanza , R.S. de Groot , Paul C. Sutton +5 more

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Mixed MNL models for discrete response

2000-01-01

Daniel McFadden , Kenneth Train

This paper considers mixed, or random coefficients, multinomial logit (MMNL) models for discrete response, and establishes the following results. Under mild regularity conditions, any discrete choice model derived from random … This paper considers mixed, or random coefficients, multinomial logit (MMNL) models for discrete response, and establishes the following results. Under mild regularity conditions, any discrete choice model derived from random utility maximization has choice probabilities that can be approximated as closely as one pleases by a MMNL model. Practical estimation of a parametric mixing family can be carried out by Maximum Simulated Likelihood Estimation or Method of Simulated Moments, and easily computed instruments are provided that make the latter procedure fairly efficient. The adequacy of a mixing specification can be tested simply as an omitted variable test with appropriately defined artificial variables. An application to a problem of demand for alternative vehicles shows that MMNL provides a flexible and computationally practical approach to discrete response analysis. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Time Discounting and Time Preference: A Critical Review

2002-06-01

Shane Frederick , George Loewenstein , Ted O’Donoghue

This paper discusses the discounted utility (DU) model: its historical development, underlying assumptions, and anomalies - the empirical regularities that are inconsistent with its theoretical predictions. We then summarize the … This paper discusses the discounted utility (DU) model: its historical development, underlying assumptions, and anomalies - the empirical regularities that are inconsistent with its theoretical predictions. We then summarize the alternate theoretical formulations that have been advanced to address these anomalies. We also review three decades of empirical research on intertemporal choice, and discuss reasons for the spectacular variation in implicit discount rates across studies. Throughout the paper, we stress the importance of distinguishing time preference, per se, from many other considerations that also influence intertemporal choices.

Designing payments for environmental services in theory and practice: An overview of the issues

2008-04-18

Stefanie Engel , Stefano Pagiola , Sven Wunder

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Resource Limitation in Plants-An Economic Analogy

1985-11-01

Arnold J. Bloom , F. Stuart Chapin , Harold A. Mooney

Species distribution models (SDMs) are numerical tools that combine observations of species occurrence or abundance with environmental estimates. They are used to gain ecological and evolutionary insights and to predict … Species distribution models (SDMs) are numerical tools that combine observations of species occurrence or abundance with environmental estimates. They are used to gain ecological and evolutionary insights and to predict distributions across landscapes, ...Read More

Generalized Ordered Logit/Partial Proportional Odds Models for Ordinal Dependent Variables

2006-02-01

Richard Williams

This article describes the gologit2 program for generalized ordered logit models. gologit2 is inspired by Vincent Fu's gologit routine (Stata Technical Bulletin Reprints 8: 160–164) and is backward compatible with … This article describes the gologit2 program for generalized ordered logit models. gologit2 is inspired by Vincent Fu's gologit routine (Stata Technical Bulletin Reprints 8: 160–164) and is backward compatible with it but offers several additional powerful options. A major strength of gologit2 is that it can fit three special cases of the generalized model: the proportional odds/parallel-lines model, the partial proportional odds model, and the logistic regression model. Hence, gologit2 can fit models that are less restrictive than the parallel-lines models fitted by ologit (whose assumptions are often violated) but more parsimonious and interpretable than those fitted by a nonordinal method, such as multinomial logistic regression (i.e., mlogit). Other key advantages of gologit2 include support for linear constraints, survey data estimation, and the computation of estimated probabilities via the predict command.

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Individual Choice Behavior

1962-01-01

J. Pfanzagl , R. Duncan Luce

Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation.

1952-09-01

C. F. Carter , T. C. Koopmans

Journal Article Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation Get access Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation. Edited by T. C. KOOPMANS. Cowles Commission Monograph No. 13. (New York : John … Journal Article Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation Get access Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation. Edited by T. C. KOOPMANS. Cowles Commission Monograph No. 13. (New York : John Wiley (London : Chapman and Hall), 1951. Pp. xiv + 414. 36s.) C. F. Carter C. F. Carter The Queen's University, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 62, Issue 247, 1 September 1952, Pages 625–628, https://doi.org/10.2307/2226909 Published: 01 September 1952

Using surveys to value public goods: the contingent valuation method

1989-09-01

Economists and others have long believed that by balancing the costs of such public goods as air quality and wilderness areas against their benefits, informed policy choices can be made. … Economists and others have long believed that by balancing the costs of such public goods as air quality and wilderness areas against their benefits, informed policy choices can be made. But the problem of putting a dollar value on cleaner air or water and other goods not sold in the marketplace has been a major stumbling block. Mitchell and Carson, for reasons presented in this book, argue that at this time the contingent valuation (CV) method offers the most promising approach for determining public willingness to pay for many public goods---an approach likely to succeed, if used carefully, where other methods may fail. The result of ten years of research by the authors aimed at assessing how surveys might best be used to value public goods validly and reliably, this book makes a major contribution to what constitutes best practice in CV surveys. Mitchell and Carson begin by introducing the contingent valuation method, describing how it works and the nature of the benefits it can be used to measure, comparing it to other methods for measuring benefits, and examining the data-gathering technique on which it is based---survey research. Placing contingent valuation in the larger context of welfare theory, the authors examine how the CV method impels a deeper understanding of willingness-to-pay versus willingness-to-accept compensation measures, the possibility of existence values for public goods, the role of uncertainty in benefit valuation, and the question of whether a consumer goods market or a political goods market (referenda) should be emulated. In developing a CV methodology, the authors deal with issues of broader significance to survey research. Their model of respondent error is relevant to current efforts to frame a theory of response behavior and bias typology will interest those considering the cognitive aspects of answering survey questions. Mitchell and Carson conclude that the contingent valuation method can obtain valid valuation information on public goods, but only if the method is applied in a way that addresses the potential sources of error and bias. They end their book by providing guidelines for CV practitioners, a list of questions that should be asked by any decision maker who wishes to use the findings of a CV study, and suggestions for new applications of contingent valuation. Additional features include a comprehensive bibliography of the CV literature and an appendix summarizing more than 100 CV studies.

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An empirical comparison of the efficacy of covariance-based and variance-based SEM

2009-09-16

Werner Reinartz , Michael Haenlein , Jörg Henseler

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Do Defaults Save Lives?

2003-11-21

Eric J. Johnson , Daniel G. Goldstein

Default options can lead to striking differences in preferences, with significant economic impact. The authors of this Policy Forum use natural and experimental data to examine the impact of simple … Default options can lead to striking differences in preferences, with significant economic impact. The authors of this Policy Forum use natural and experimental data to examine the impact of simple policy defaults on the decision to become an organ donor, finding large effects that significantly increase donation rates.

Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation

2009-01-01

Kenneth Train

This book describes the new generation of discrete choice methods, focusing on the many advances that are made possible by simulation. Researchers use these statistical methods to examine the choices … This book describes the new generation of discrete choice methods, focusing on the many advances that are made possible by simulation. Researchers use these statistical methods to examine the choices that consumers, households, firms, and other agents make. Each of the major models is covered: logit, generalized extreme value, or GEV (including nested and cross-nested logits), probit, and mixed logit, plus a variety of specifications that build on these basics. Recent advances in Bayesian procedures are explored, including the use of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and its variant Gibbs sampling. This second edition adds chapters on endogeneity and expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms. No other book incorporates all these fields, which have arisen in the past 25 years. The procedures are applicable in many fields, including energy, transportation, environmental studies, health, labor, and marketing.

Econometric methods for fractional response variables with an application to 401(k) plan participation rates

1996-11-01

Leslie E. Papke , Jeffrey M. Wooldridge

We develop attractive functional forms and simple quasi-likelihood estimation methods for regression models with a fractional dependent variable. Compared with log-odds type procedures, there is no difficulty in recovering the … We develop attractive functional forms and simple quasi-likelihood estimation methods for regression models with a fractional dependent variable. Compared with log-odds type procedures, there is no difficulty in recovering the regression function for the fractional variable, and there is no need to use ad hoc transformations to handle data at the extreme values of zero and one. We also offer some new, robust specification tests by nesting the logit or probit function in a more general functional form. We apply these methods to a data set of employee participation rates in 401(k) pension plans.

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What are ecosystem services? The need for standardized environmental accounting units

2007-03-01

James Boyd , Spencer Banzhaf

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Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation

2001-01-01

Kenneth Train

This book describes the new generation of discrete choice methods, focusing on the many advances that are made possible by simulation. Researchers use these statistical methods to examine the choices … This book describes the new generation of discrete choice methods, focusing on the many advances that are made possible by simulation. Researchers use these statistical methods to examine the choices that consumers, households, firms, and other agents make. Each of the major models is covered: logit, generalized extreme value, or GEV (including nested and cross-nested logits), probit, and mixed logit, plus a variety of specifications that build on these basics. Recent advances in Bayesian procedures are explored, including the use of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and its variant Gibbs sampling. This second edition adds chapters on endogeneity and expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms. No other book incorporates all these fields, which have arisen in the past 25 years. The procedures are applicable in many fields, including energy, transportation, environmental studies, health, labor, and marketing.

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Environmental and Ecosystem Services in Benefit–Cost Analysis

2025-06-24

Eli P. Fenichel , Lydia Olander , Heather Tallis | Review of Environmental Economics and Policy

A closed-form bounded route choice model accounting for heteroscedasticity, overlap, and choice set formation

2025-06-24

Laurent Cazor , Lawrence Christopher Duncan , David Watling +2 more | Transportation Research Part B Methodological

Preferences for HIV PrEP Products and Delivery Models Among Cisgender Men, Transgender Persons, and Non-binary Individuals Who Have Sex with Men in Seattle, Washington: A Discrete Choice Experiment

2025-06-24

Lauren R. Violette , Jakar Delacruz , Lisa Niemann +3 more | JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Understanding preferences for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) products and delivery models could better meet the needs of populations likely to benefit from PrEP and ultimately increase uptake. Public Health - … Understanding preferences for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) products and delivery models could better meet the needs of populations likely to benefit from PrEP and ultimately increase uptake. Public Health - Seattle & King County Sexual Health Clinic. Between August 2022-December 2023, a convenience sample of individuals seeking HIV testing and participating in Project DETECT2 completed a discrete choice experiment (DCE). We used a D-efficient blocked fractional design and asked participants to choose between two hypothetical PrEP options composed of five attributes (modality, efficacy, dosing frequency, prescriber, and monitoring appointment format). We used multinomial logistic regression to estimate preference weights and relative importance overall and stratified by PrEP experience. 325 participants completed the DCE; 96 (29.5%) were PrEP-naïve and 229 (70.5%) were PrEP-experienced. Ninety-nine percent efficacy (weight=0.848, 95%CI= 0.769-0.927), 6-month dosing interval (weight=0.381, 95%CI= 0.293-0.469) and pills (weight=0.173, 95%CI= 0.085-0.261) were most preferred. There was a strong preference for PrEP delivery within a pharmacy (weight=0.144, 95%CI= 0.059-0.228) or community-based organization (weight=0.097, 95%CI= 0.011-0.183). Preference for combination online/in-person (weight=0.086, 95%CI= 0.017-0.154) and in-person only monitoring appointments (weight=0.061, 95%CI= -0.023-0.144) was similar. Efficacy had the highest relative importance (52.1%). Stratifying by PrEP experience did not change preference. Participants preferred products with high efficacy and longer dosing intervals delivered in non-clinical spaces with in-person or online follow-up appointments. These data suggest that, while highly efficacious, longer-acting products are preferred, a range of different modalities, prescribers, and monitoring methods may be needed to reach everyone who may benefit from PrEP.

Ownership Patterns and Landscape Diversity: Conservation Implications in Maryland

2025-06-24

Luke Macaulay , Y. R. Reddy , Ellis Griffiths | Land

Land management decisions and conservation value are heavily influenced by land ownership, land cover, and land use. Our research aimed to examine ownership and land cover distribution, classify landowners based … Land management decisions and conservation value are heavily influenced by land ownership, land cover, and land use. Our research aimed to examine ownership and land cover distribution, classify landowners based on land cover composition, and evaluate the ability of land cover clustering to be predictive of landowner motivations and behaviors in Maryland, USA. We tabulated a high-resolution land cover map against ownership boundaries, applied hierarchical clustering, and identified five landowner types characterized by a dominant land cover: (1) forest, (2) turf grass, (3) developed, (4) hay/pasture, and (5) crops. We analyzed a landowner survey of 3344 respondents to reveal how clusters predicted recreation, conservation, income, and other motivations. We found a skewed ownership distribution: 95.3% of smaller ownerships (<5 acres) cover 27.3% of the land, while 4.7% of larger owners hold 72.7%. Ownership patterns vary by cover, with forests and wetlands showing bimodal distributions, unimodal for cropland and hay/pasture, and turf grass concentrated in smaller properties. Survey analysis showed that crop, hay/pasture, and forest clusters had income percentages increasing with property size, with crop and hay/pasture accelerating more; conservation interest rose with size for forest and crop, but not hay/pasture; hunting motivation was highest in forest but increased with size similarly across clusters; non-hunting recreation motivation was highest in smaller hay/pasture properties, but decreased with size for all. Although each landowner has unique motivations and goals, our results reveal trends mediated by size of property and land cover that can be used to target outreach and improve conservation outcomes across Maryland’s diverse landscape.

An Exploratory Estimation of the Willingness to Pay for and Perceptions of Nature-Based Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases

2025-06-23

Aisling Sealy Phelan , Elena Pisani , Chiara Tessari +1 more | Sustainability

There is increasing evidence of the benefits of natural environments for human health. Interest is growing in nature-based therapy (NBT), organised initiatives that promote human–nature interactions with the aim of … There is increasing evidence of the benefits of natural environments for human health. Interest is growing in nature-based therapy (NBT), organised initiatives that promote human–nature interactions with the aim of achieving positive health outcomes. Although the benefits of spending time in nature are now widely recognised, the public’s perspective of NBTs is still not well understood nor quantified. At the same time, chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease are on the rise, increasing costs and pressure for public health services. Using a sample of 96 respondents in Italy, this exploratory study investigates the economic value and perceptions of an NBT for cardiovascular disease. We employed the contingent valuation method to estimate marginal willingness to pay (WTP) for a nature-based rehabilitation programme compared to a standard indoor clinic-based programme. Logistic regression was used to estimate median WTP and influencing factors. We investigated the preferences of patients for the features and potential benefits of nature-based rehabilitation. We show that patients with cardiovascular disease in Italy have a positive WTP between EUR 14.01 to EUR 42.69 per day (median value EUR 27.26). Our findings indicate that NBTs could offer a promising alternative to standard indoor programmes. We provide recommendations for designing NBTs based on the preferences of our sample, aiming to contribute to sustainable health and land management policies.

A new flexible multiple discrete–continuous extreme value (MDCEV) choice model: exploring non-monotonic preference in time use decisions

2025-06-23

Mengyi Wang , Xin Ye , Michel Bierlaire | Transportation

The spatial distribution of tests of conservation interventions does not align with global conservation needs

2025-06-21

Anindita Anjan , Jonas Geldmann , Mike Harfoot +1 more | Biological Conservation

Preferences for attributes of running events: evidence from a choice experiment among recreational runners

2025-06-21

Kai Rommel , Jürgen Meyerhoff | International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship

Purpose The paper contributes to research on runners’ preferences for attributes of running events. The number of events has increased significantly due to increased demand. In this popular sport, there … Purpose The paper contributes to research on runners’ preferences for attributes of running events. The number of events has increased significantly due to increased demand. In this popular sport, there are a variety of ways to design running event profiles to meet the heterogeneous demand. It is therefore important for event organizers to be able to assess the preference structure of their target groups as accurately as possible. A key goal of this study is therefore to estimate the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP), which reflects the preferences for characteristics of running events. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 214 recreational runners in Germany, this study employs a discrete choice experiment based on McFadden’s random utility theory (RUM). Respondents were asked to reveal their preferences by making trade-offs among the following event characteristics: distance, altitude difference, route profile, service, distance to home and participation fee. Findings The distance in running competitions is the decisive factor that determines preferences. The increasing demand for running events will tend to be for short- and medium-distance events. Research limitations/implications A limitation that applies in general is the hypothetical nature of the responses that could lead to the so-called hypothetical bias. Future studies should also investigate whether the assumptions underlying the RUM are fulfilled or whether other conceptual frameworks such as random regret minimization are more suitable to capture the preferences of runners or other athletes. Practical implications The heterogeneous MWTP values for each attribute are an indication that organizers can achieve competitive advantages if they succeed in identifying the target groups of runners of short-term and medium-term distances and aligning the respective event with the corresponding preference structures. At running competitions, the selection of different running distances should include the very heterogeneous preference structure for this attribute as precisely as possible. A practical implication here is, e.g. the change in the offer structure through the inclusion of new or the termination of previous run offers. Originality/value The results show clear preferences for the landscape around the running route. It also becomes clear that personal experiences with the event, such as the environment and the running route profile, strengthen self-satisfaction and long-term commitment to individual running events. The results provide useful input for designing running tracks and for the development of a strategy concept for the marketing of running events.

Can conservation covenants help sustain nature and livelihoods? Factors associated with conservation covenant adopters in Australia

2025-06-20

Carla L. Archibald , Kelly S. Fielding , Sarah A. Bekessy +5 more | People and Nature

Abstract Biodiversity conservation on privately owned land often relies on the actions of individual landholders, such as participating in conservation covenant programs. Landholders' participation in conservation covenant programs depends on … Abstract Biodiversity conservation on privately owned land often relies on the actions of individual landholders, such as participating in conservation covenant programs. Landholders' participation in conservation covenant programs depends on many financial and non‐financial factors and in many cases is closely linked to landholder livelihoods. We investigated whether landholders who participate in conservation covenant programs have different perceptions of their livelihood‐supporting assets compared to non‐adopters, focusing on New South Wales, Australia. Our findings show that four key variables explained participation in conservation covenants, including the availability of physical and human assets, the percentage of income derived from the land and involvement in other conservation programs (e.g. Land for Wildlife). As conservation covenant adoption increases, ensuring that it aligns with biodiversity goals and supports landholders' livelihoods will enhance their effectiveness in promoting sustainable livelihoods and landscapes. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Social Perception and Willingness to Pay in Peruvian High Andean Lakes: A Study of Lake Patarcocha with Anthropogenic Contamination and Lake Parón Impacted by Glacial Retreat

2025-06-20

Luigi Bravo-Toledo , Yesmira Hijar Sifuentes , Evelin Chingay Torres +7 more | Environmental Research Engineering and Management

The lakes of the high Andean zones of Peru are ecosystems of great strategic importance, and they are being affected by climate change or anthropogenic impacts. The aim of this … The lakes of the high Andean zones of Peru are ecosystems of great strategic importance, and they are being affected by climate change or anthropogenic impacts. The aim of this research was to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for the restoration of Lake Patarcocha, which was conducted by activities of the population Chaupimarca, Pasco, and Lake Parón. In both cases, the contingent valuation method was applied to find the WTP. For Lake Patarcocha, a survey was conducted among 370 households near Lake Patarcocha, asking residents about the environmental impacts on water quality, flora, fauna, landscape, the importance of the lake in their daily lives, as well as the WTP for the recovery of the lake. For Lake Parón, a survey was conducted among 297 residents, who were asked about the services and environmental value provided by the lake. The data collected was then analyzed with the LOGIT model using STATA 16 statistical software. The results showed that households directly or indirectly affected by pollution in Lake Patarcocha had the WTP of $3.7 per inhabitant/month, estimating 1 136 773.1 million/year. While for Lake Parón, respondents revealed an average WTP of $23.9 per inhabitant/month, estimated at $1.4 million/year. The difference in the WTP between the two high Andean lakes is influenced by social belief and the local context, showing that the percept of Lake Parón, affected by glacial retreat in the basin, has a higher economic value than Lake Patarcocha, which has been affected by anthropogenic activities.

How environmental fairness concerns impact the effectiveness of watershed ecological compensation mechanisms?

2025-06-20

Ke Jiang , Xueqing Chen , Chai Qiang | Ocean & Coastal Management

ESTIMATING THE WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR FLOODPROOFING OF SINGLE-FAMILY HOMES USING CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD

2025-06-19

Shuichi TAKEYA , Taku Nakano , Nozomu Kiuchi +1 more | AIJ Journal of Technology and Design

Analysis of factors influencing the adoption of improved land management practices in the Great Barrier Reef catchments

2025-06-19

Praseed Thapa , John Rolfe | Marine Pollution Bulletin

The World Heritage listed Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is impacted by land-based pollutants, largely but not only from agriculture. We review evidence of the barriers and drivers for landholders to … The World Heritage listed Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is impacted by land-based pollutants, largely but not only from agriculture. We review evidence of the barriers and drivers for landholders to adopt better management practices and explore how adoption rates can be improved in the GBR catchments. A total of thirty primary studies was identified from Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Several adoption factors are identified, including economic returns, risk and uncertainty, transaction costs, and trust. While the studies provide a comprehensive list of the factors that might be important, they are not very helpful in identifying what should be done. We suggest that more attention should be paid to adoption processes rather than just focusing on the factors that drive or inhibit practice change. To guide this, we group the various adoption factors into four overarching constructs: financial, risks, personal norms and social norms, placing much more attention on the role of norms in adoption than other frameworks have. It is the combination of constructs that encourages adoption. We recommend that programs not only focus on financial factors but also address risks, as well as personal and social norms, as these approach are more likely to succeed.

Consumer surplus and macro valuation of tourism projects

2025-06-18

Norbert Vanhove | Economics and Business Review/The Poznań University of Economics Review

There cannot be a tourism industry without projects. These projects can take different forms, such as development of attractions, accommodation, entertainment, transport, new resorts, congress centre, events, ski infrastructure, etc.. … There cannot be a tourism industry without projects. These projects can take different forms, such as development of attractions, accommodation, entertainment, transport, new resorts, congress centre, events, ski infrastructure, etc.. They all involve considerable investment. This paper focuses on five topics. First, it focuses on the nature of investment appraisal and explores the difference between micro and macro approaches. Secondly, attention is paid to externalities in tourism. Indeed many projects belong to the general tourism infrastructure, and the benefi ts do not only accrue to the paymaster, who may not consider the negative effects. In other words, externalities must be taken into account. A third section deals with the identifi cation of cost and benefit items or the cost-benefit scheme. Environmental costs are an important part of the scheme.

Assessing residents’ preference and willingness to pay for waste classification service modes: Evidence from discrete choice experiments in Beijing

2025-06-18

Shufen Dai , Di Zhang , Chen Wang +2 more | Waste Management

Valuation of household preferences for improved electricity services

2025-06-18

Raúl Jimenez Mori | Empirical Economics

A comparison of combined <i>p</i>-value functions for meta-analysis

2025-06-18

Leonhard Held , Felix Hofmann , Samuel Pawel | Research Synthesis Methods

Abstract P -value functions are modern statistical tools that unify effect estimation and hypothesis testing and can provide alternative point and interval estimates compared to standard meta-analysis methods, using any … Abstract P -value functions are modern statistical tools that unify effect estimation and hypothesis testing and can provide alternative point and interval estimates compared to standard meta-analysis methods, using any of the many p -value combination procedures available (Xie et al., 2011, JASA). We provide a systematic comparison of different combination procedures, both from a theoretical perspective and through simulation. We show that many prominent p -value combination methods (e.g. Fisher’s method) are not invariant to the orientation of the underlying one-sided p -values. Only Edgington’s method, a lesser-known combination method based on the sum of p -values, is orientation-invariant and still provides confidence intervals not restricted to be symmetric around the point estimate. Adjustments for heterogeneity can also be made and results from a simulation study indicate that Edgington’s method can compete with more standard meta-analytic methods.

Selecting among counterfactual methods to evaluate conservation interventions

2025-06-17

Tanya O’Garra , Rachel Martin , Edwin Pynegar +2 more | Conservation Science and Practice

Abstract Effective conservation that benefits biodiversity and human well‐being is imperative for global sustainability. Achieving this requires rigorous evaluation of conservation policies and programs to understand their causal effects on … Abstract Effective conservation that benefits biodiversity and human well‐being is imperative for global sustainability. Achieving this requires rigorous evaluation of conservation policies and programs to understand their causal effects on environmental and social outcomes. Counterfactual impact evaluation methods offer a robust framework for assessing intervention impacts by comparing observed outcomes with hypothetical alternative scenarios (the ‘counterfactual’). Despite recent advances, a significant research‐implementation gap persists in applying these methods within conservation practice. This paper is intended to help conservation practitioners, scientists, and funders respond to the growing demand for causal evaluations by providing an introductory overview of key counterfactual evaluation methods. It introduces a decision framework to guide the selection of appropriate evaluation methods according to project‐specific parameters, such as project goals and timing. Application of the framework is illustrated through examples including community‐managed fisheries, camera traps, and payments for ecosystem services. These examples highlight that the most appropriate evaluation method depends on various factors, such as whether the intervention can be randomized, available sample size, and data availability from both intervention and non‐intervention sites. By providing a structured approach to selecting counterfactual methods for specific conservation projects, this paper aims to stimulate broader adoption of evidence‐based practices in conservation.

Who Are the Farmers Participating in a Carbon Sequestration Program? Results of a Discrete Choice Experiment in Germany

2025-06-16

Julia B. Block , Michael Danne , Oliver Mußhoff | Agribusiness

ABSTRACT Agricultural soils offer great potential for carbon sequestration through humus formation. One way to motivate farmers to build up humus is through humus programs. These are still at an … ABSTRACT Agricultural soils offer great potential for carbon sequestration through humus formation. One way to motivate farmers to build up humus is through humus programs. These are still at an early stage of development, poorly explored, and the number of participating farmers is low. Our aim is to explain the heterogeneity of farmers' willingness to participate in humus programs by typologizing them according to different design preferences and socioeconomic backgrounds. To this end, we conducted a survey with German farmers including a discrete choice experiment and questions about environmental awareness, profit orientation and farm characteristics. We summarized farmers' attitudes towards for example, climate change with a factor analysis and included the results into the latent class model we used to analyze the discrete choice experiment. The farmers surveyed can be divided into four classes. The results show that the classes differ in the farmers' preferences for the characteristics of a humus program, for example, type of reference value and program duration, and according to the factors of the factor analysis, for example, advocacy of humus programs. The classes distinguish between disinterested and motivated farmers, farmers focusing on safe money and farmers focusing on quick money. With this study, we improve the understanding of farmers' acceptance of humus programs, which is essential before starting targeted (political) efforts.

Exploring the Uneven Terrain of Perceived Benefits from Protected Areas

2025-06-16

Jessica L’Roe , Diane Detoeuf , Michelle Wieland +7 more | Annals of the American Association of Geographers

Optimal DCE design for modelling nonlinear time preferences in EQ-5D-5L valuation studies: exploration of data from Denmark and Peru

2025-06-15

Alice Yu , Deborah J. Street , Marcel F. Jonker +7 more | Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

U.S. Consumer Preferences for Cage‐Free Eggs and Hen Housing Policies

2025-06-13

Vincenzina Caputo , Aaron J. Staples , Jayson L. Lusk +1 more | Agribusiness

ABSTRACT Farm animal welfare (FAW) continues to be a divisive issue in the egg industry. In the United States, 10 states and most major retailers have implemented policies or voluntary … ABSTRACT Farm animal welfare (FAW) continues to be a divisive issue in the egg industry. In the United States, 10 states and most major retailers have implemented policies or voluntary pledges to transition to 100% cage‐free egg sales. We use best‐worst scaling and discrete choice experiments to evaluate U.S. consumer preferences for various FAW policies, calculate willingness to pay for cage‐free eggs, and simulate the effects of policy implementations on consumers. Our results suggest that consumers generally prefer implementing less restrictive FAW policies, such as farm subsidies and mandatory labeling programs, relative to more restrictive bans on housing practices. However, many consumers still support implementing more stringent policies like bans on cage egg sales when put to a dichotomous choice. In terms of market preferences, results indicate that consumers, on average, are willing to pay premiums for eggs from hens raised in less confined settings. Yet, cage‐free captures the lowest premium if not accompanied by other labels. Simulation of market choices reveals that banning conventional eggs could increase market opt‐out rates by as much as 20% points, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the conventional option to some consumers. These results have marketing and policy implications that can inform stakeholders as they navigate evolving FAW standards.

A two-stage random-effects estimator for meta-analyses of the value per statistical life

2025-06-13

Stephen C. Newbold , Chris Dockins , Nathalie B. Simon +2 more | PLoS ONE

We developed and examined the performance of a two-stage random-effects meta-analysis estimator for synthesizing published estimates of the value per statistical life (VSL). The meta-estimation approach accommodates unbalanced panels with … We developed and examined the performance of a two-stage random-effects meta-analysis estimator for synthesizing published estimates of the value per statistical life (VSL). The meta-estimation approach accommodates unbalanced panels with one or multiple observations from each independent group of primary estimates, and distinguishes between sampling and non-sampling sources of error, both within and between groups. We used Monte Carlo simulation experiments to test the performance of the meta-estimator on constructed datasets. Simulation results indicate that, when applied to datasets of modest size, the approach performs best when the within-group non-sampling error variances are assumed to be homogeneous among groups. This allows for two levels of non-sampling errors while preserving degrees of freedom and therefore increasing statistical efficiency. Simulation results also show that the estimator compares favorably to several other commonly used meta-analysis estimators, including other two-stage estimators. As a demonstration, we applied the approach to a pre-existing meta-dataset including 113 VSL estimates assembled from 10 revealed preference and 9 stated preference studies conducted in the U.S. and published between 1999 and 2019.

Choice overload on travel decisions: the paradox of variety

2025-06-13

Camila Vaz Mattos Fraga Vieira , Verônica Feder Mayer , Glauber Eduardo de Oliveira Santos +1 more | Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing

Assessing ecological efficiency, spatial spillovers, and configurational drivers of recreational fisheries in the United States

2025-06-13

Yang Yaoyu , Zhang You-yin , Lei Jiang +1 more | Ocean & Coastal Management

Mitigating hypothetical bias in choice Experiments: An in-depth review on the use of cheap talk

2025-06-13

Vilma Xhakollari , Daniele Asioli , Rodolfo M. Nayga | Journal of Choice Modelling

Preferences and willingness to pay for early childhood healthy lifestyle initiative outcomes: A discrete choice experiment

2025-06-12

Vicki Brown , Brittany J. Johnson , Thomas Lung +4 more | Pediatric Obesity

Summary Background Understanding stakeholder preferences and values for early childhood initiatives to support healthy diets, physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour is key for effective intervention design and resource allocation. … Summary Background Understanding stakeholder preferences and values for early childhood initiatives to support healthy diets, physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour is key for effective intervention design and resource allocation. This study aims to estimate the preferences for and value of outcomes from the perspectives of parents/caregivers of Australian children aged from birth to 5 years. Methods Discrete choice experiment, 466 parent/caregivers recruited from online platform. Participants selected between two healthy lifestyle initiatives or a “neither” option. Initiatives were described by attributes including cost, participation and outcomes. Mixed multinomial logistic models were used to determine preferences and willingness‐to‐pay per annum framed as an increase in income taxes. Results Effect on diet was the most important influence on parent/caregiver choice to participate ( p < 0.01), followed by effect on physical activity ( p < 0.01), wellbeing ( p < 0.01) and healthy growth ( p < 0.01). Parents/caregivers were less sensitive to cost for initiatives aimed at specific children (e.g., targeted initiatives for a priority population). Willingness‐to‐pay estimates ranged from AUD$176 for improved wellbeing to $219 for healthier diets. Conclusions Results suggest that leveraging the potential for healthier diets, followed by healthier physical activity behaviours, as a key benefit of participation may be particularly attractive to parents/caregivers. In addition, some level of equity preference could be acceptable to parents/caregivers in the allocation of scarce resources.

Does individuals' expected policy utility drive watershed ecological compensation in China's Xin'an river basin pilot?

2025-06-12

X. Q. Dong , Ke Jiang | Ocean & Coastal Management

The Value of a Statistical Life of a Cat: Owner Demographics and Management Practices Impacting Willingness to Pay for Welfare Measures

2025-06-12

Denise King , Panagiotis Tsigaris | Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science

This study estimates the Value of a Statistical Life of a cat (VSLC) in Kamloops, British Columbia, to inform animal welfare policies and community-level interventions. Using a contingent valuation survey, … This study estimates the Value of a Statistical Life of a cat (VSLC) in Kamloops, British Columbia, to inform animal welfare policies and community-level interventions. Using a contingent valuation survey, we assessed cat owners' willingness to pay (WTP) for control measures aimed at reducing the risk of premature death among outdoor cats. We compared WTP between indoor and outdoor cat owners and examined how demographic and attitudinal factors influenced WTP. The mean VSLC was approximately $8,000 among those willing to pay, and about $4,000 when non-payers were included. Notably, VSLC estimates were similar for both indoor and outdoor cat owners, suggesting that WTP reflects broader community concern for cat welfare rather than individual pet ownership circumstances. Regression results indicated that higher WTP was significantly associated with female gender, household income, concern for local wildlife, and support for cat licensing. These findings provide an economic basis for policies promoting responsible pet ownership and risk reduction for outdoor cats.

Understanding Farmers' Policy Preferences for Solar‐Powered Irrigation Systems in Karnataka, India: A Choice Experiment Approach

2025-06-08

Aditya Korekallu Srinivasa , Dagmar Mithöfer | Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics

ABSTRACT Solar‐Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS) are an important component of India's effort towards sustainable energy transition and are promoted with financial support under the PM‐KUSUM program. In spite of the … ABSTRACT Solar‐Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS) are an important component of India's effort towards sustainable energy transition and are promoted with financial support under the PM‐KUSUM program. In spite of the promise and the policy push, adoption of SPIS has been low. In this paper, we use a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) to evaluate the policy attributes in the promotion of SPIS. We selected five attributes of SPIS: cost of the pump; terms of the loan; grid connection; service provision (repair services); and multiple uses of energy (generated from solar panels) with different levels for each attribute. D‐efficient, non‐zero prior design was used to design the choice combinations used in the study. The data was collected from 500 farmers randomly chosen from 31 villages across Mysore district, Karnataka, India, and analysed using the random parameter logit model. For a nuanced interpretation and contextualisation of the results, we conducted follow‐up qualitative interviews. The results highlight that farmer preferences, indicated by the highest part worth, are for a loan with a longer repayment period (WTP of US$ 1905), followed by guaranteed service provision for 10 years (WTP of US$ 1498). Given that SPIS is a new technology with high initial investment, easing liquidity constraints and assuring farmers of guaranteed repair services are strong incentives to adopt it. These findings can be incorporated into existing policies so that they align well with farmers' preferences.

Preference Transparency and Statistical Discrimination in Employees Relocation Decisions

2025-06-06

Lolita Moorena | AEA Randomized Controlled Trials

Influence and Preservation

2025-06-06

Paraskevi A. Evangelou , Georgia Broni | Dia-noesis.

Cultural Heritage defines a country. The preservation of Cultural Heritage is linked to the principles it has as a country and as a society. Citizens, based on these values, feel … Cultural Heritage defines a country. The preservation of Cultural Heritage is linked to the principles it has as a country and as a society. Citizens, based on these values, feel safe and stable. Tangible cultural assets are physical objects or structures that have artistic, historical or cultural significance. In Greece, according to the law, the protection and preservation of Cultural Heritage is assigned to the Ministry of Culture. The responsibility for achieving this goal lies entirely with the Ministry. By extension, the burden of this responsibility falls on the employees of the Ministry and its services throughout the territory. This study investigates the influence and protection of Tangible Cultural Heritage through the utilisation of Human Resources. The qualitative research tools of questionnaires are combined in the research, so as to explore the contribution of Human Resources to the protection of culture. The research sample consisted of employees of the Ministry of Culture in Greece who work to preserve the Cultural Heritage. The study utilised 603 anonymous Greek respondents. It also involved a survey that took place online using Google Forms. SPSS software was used to process and analyse the primary data. These findings provide valuable insights for the Ministry of Culture and its directors to better support and sustain Tangible Cultural Heritage by leveraging Human Resources, to develop partnerships with institutions and citizens using innovations, while also further expanding the understanding of the need to utilize staff and external factors, as on this issue limited research has been conducted.