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Politics of Islamic Reform in Middle East

Works Count: 166111

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This cluster of papers explores the politics of Islamic reform, including topics such as secularism, hermeneutics, empire, feminism, and gender equality in the context of the Middle East, with a focus on the Ottoman Empire and Iran. It delves into the complex interplay between religious traditions, modernity, and political dynamics in the region.

Keywords

Islamic reform; Middle East; Ottoman Empire; Feminism; Iran; Secularism; Hermeneutics; Empire; Gender equality; Arab nationalism

Qur'an and Woman: Rereading the Sacred Text from a Woman's Perspective

2000-01-01

Gisela Webb , Amina Wadud

Fourteen centuries of Islamic thought have produced a legacy of interpretive readings of the Qu'ran written almost entirely by men. Now, with Qu'ran and Woman, Amina Wadud provides a first … Fourteen centuries of Islamic thought have produced a legacy of interpretive readings of the Qu'ran written almost entirely by men. Now, with Qu'ran and Woman, Amina Wadud provides a first interpretive reading by a woman, a reading which validates the female voice in the Qu'ran and brings it out of the shadows. Muslim progressives have long argued that it is not the religion but patriarchal interpretation and implementation of the Qu'ran that have kept women oppressed. For many, the way to reform is the reexamination and reinterpretation of religious texts. Qu'ran and Woman contributes a gender inclusive reading to one of the most fundamental disciplines in Islamic thought, Qu'ranic exegesis. Wadud breaks down specific texts and key words which have been used to limit women's public and private role, even to justify violence toward Muslim women, revealing that their original meaning and context defy such interpretations. What her analysis clarifies is the lack of gender bias, precedence, or prejudice in the essential language of the Qur'an. Despite much Qu'ranic evidence about the significance of women, gender reform in Muslim society has been stubbornly resisted. Wadud's reading of the Qu'ran confirms womens equality and constitutes legitimate grounds for contesting the unequal treatment that women have experienced historically and continue to experience legally in Muslim communities. The Qu'ran does not prescribe one timeless and unchanging social structure for men and women, Wadud argues lucidly, affirming that the Qu'ran holds greater possibilities for guiding human society to a more fulfilling and productive mutual collaboration between men and women than as yet attained by Muslims or non-Muslims.

The ulama in contemporary Islam: custodians of change

2003-05-01

Muhammad Qasim Zaman

FOREWORD ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii Introduction 1 I: Islamic Law and the 'Ulama in Colonial India: A Legal Tradition in Transition 17 II: Constructions of Authority 38 III: The Rhetoric of … FOREWORD ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii Introduction 1 I: Islamic Law and the 'Ulama in Colonial India: A Legal Tradition in Transition 17 II: Constructions of Authority 38 III: The Rhetoric of Reform and the Religious Sphere 60 IV: Conceptions of the Islamic State 87 V: Refashioning Identities 111 VI: Religiopolitical Activism and the 'Ulama: Comparative Perspectives 144 Epilogue: The 'Ulama in the Twenty-First Century 181 NOTES 193 GLOSSARY 259 BIBLIOGRAPHY 263 INDEX 287

Elections and Distributive Politics in Mubarak&#8217;s Egypt

2010-01-01

Lisa Blaydes

Despite its authoritarian political structure, Egypt's government has held competitive, multi-party parliamentary elections for more than 30 years. This book argues that, rather than undermining the durability of the Mubarak … Despite its authoritarian political structure, Egypt's government has held competitive, multi-party parliamentary elections for more than 30 years. This book argues that, rather than undermining the durability of the Mubarak regime, competitive parliamentary elections ease important forms of distributional conflict, particularly conflict over access to spoils. In a comprehensive examination of the distributive consequences of authoritarian elections in Egypt, Lisa Blaydes examines the triadic relationship between Egypt's ruling regime, the rent-seeking elite that supports the regime, and the ordinary citizens who participate in these elections. She describes why parliamentary candidates finance campaigns to win seats in a legislature that lacks policymaking power, as well as why citizens engage in the costly act of voting in such a context.

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An economic and social history of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914

1995-11-01

Halil İnalcık , Donald Quataert , Suraiya Faroqhi +2 more

List of maps List of figures List of tables Genealogy of the Ottoman dynasty Chronology of Ottoman history, 1260-1923 Preface List of abbreviations General maps General introduction Halil Inalcik and … List of maps List of figures List of tables Genealogy of the Ottoman dynasty Chronology of Ottoman history, 1260-1923 Preface List of abbreviations General maps General introduction Halil Inalcik and Donald Quataert Part I: The Ottoman State: Economy and Society, 1300-1600 Halil Inalcik Introduction A. The economic mind B. State revenues and expenditures: 1. Sources of revenue 2. The state treasury and budgets C. State, land and peasant: 3. State-owned lands (miri) 4. Land possession outside the miri system 5. Land surveying 6. The cift-hane system: the organization of Ottoman rural society 7. Settlements D. Trade: 8. Istanbul and the imperial economy 9. International trade: general conditions 10. Bursa and the silk trade 11. Dubrovnik and the Balkans 12. The Black Sea and Eastern Europe 13. The India trade 14. Northerners in the Mediterranean Bibliography List of weights and measures Glossary Index.

Alief and Belief

2008-01-01

Tamar Szabó Gendler

Formations of the Secular

2020-07-13

Talal Asad

Opening with the provocative query "what might an anthropology of the secular look like?" this book explores the concepts, practices, and political formations of secularism. The focus is on major … Opening with the provocative query "what might an anthropology of the secular look like?" this book explores the concepts, practices, and political formations of secularism. The focus is on major historical shifts that have shaped secular sensibilities and attitudes towards Islam in the modern West and the Middle East.

Totalitarian and authoritarian regimes

2001-06-01

Juan J. Linz

In this classic work, noted political sociologist Juan Linz provides an unparalleled study of the nature of nondemocratic regimes. Linz's seminal analysis develops the fundamental distinction between totalitarian and authoritarian … In this classic work, noted political sociologist Juan Linz provides an unparalleled study of the nature of nondemocratic regimes. Linz's seminal analysis develops the fundamental distinction between totalitarian and authoritarian systems. It also presents a pathbreaking discussion of the personalistic, lawless, nonideological type of authoritarian rule that he calls (following Weber) the sultanistic regime. The core of the book (including a 40-page bibliography) was published in 1975 as a chapter in the Handbook of Political Science, long out of print. The author has chosen not to change the original text for this new edition, but instead has added an extensive introduction reflecting on some of the contributions to the literature and the changes that have taken place in world politics and in the nature of regimes since the 1970s.

On Shame And The Search For Identity

2013-08-21

Helen Merrell Lynd

Modern Iran: roots and results of revolution

2004-04-01

Nikki R. Keddie , Yann Richard

In this revised and expanded version of Nikki Keddie's work, Roots of Revolution, the author brings the story of modern Iran to the present day, exploring the political, cultural, and … In this revised and expanded version of Nikki Keddie's work, Roots of Revolution, the author brings the story of modern Iran to the present day, exploring the political, cultural, and social changes of the past quarter century. Keddie provides insightful commentary on the Iran-Iraq war, the Persian Gulf War, and the effects of 9/11 and Iran's strategic relationship with the US. She also discusses developments in education, health care, the arts and the role of women.

Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject

2006-07-26

Salwa Ismail

Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject. Saba Mahmood. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. 233 pages. Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject. Saba Mahmood. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. 233 pages.

the romance of resistance: tracing transformations of power through Bedouin women

1990-02-01

Lila Abu‐Lughod

Resistance has become in recent years a popular focus for work in the human sciences. Despite the theoretical sophistication of many anthropological and historical studies of everyday resistance, there remains … Resistance has become in recent years a popular focus for work in the human sciences. Despite the theoretical sophistication of many anthropological and historical studies of everyday resistance, there remains a tendency to romanticize it. I argue instead that resistance should be used as a diagnostic of power, and I show what the forms of Awlad ‘Ali Bedouin women's resistance can reveal about the historically changing relations of power in which they are enmeshed as they become increasingly incorporated into the Egyptian state and economy. [resistance, power, Bedouins, women, the state, Egypt]

Honor and Shame and the Unity of the Mediterranean

1988-07-01

George Saunders , David D. Gilmore

Critical terrains: French and British orientalisms

1992-07-01

Lisa Lowe

Examining and historicizing the concept of otherness in both literature and criticism, Lisa Lowe explores representations of non-European cultures in British and French writings from the eighteenth through the twentieth … Examining and historicizing the concept of otherness in both literature and criticism, Lisa Lowe explores representations of non-European cultures in British and French writings from the eighteenth through the twentieth century. Lowe traces the intersections of culture, class, and sexuality in Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's Turkish Embassy Letters and Montesquieu's Lettres persanes and discusses tropes of orientalism, racialism, and romanticism in Flaubert. She then turns to debates in Anglo-American and Indian criticism on Forster's Passage to India and on the utopian projection of China in the poststructuralist theories of Julia Kristeva and Roland Barthes and in the journal Tel Quel.

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Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity

2005-05-23

Michael Lambek

Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in a Bedouin Society

1988-01-01

Sheila K. Webster-Jain , Lila Abu‐Lughod

This updated edition is presented with a new Preface. Lila Abu-Lughod lived with a community of Bedouins in the Western Desert of Egypt for nearly two years, studying gender relations … This updated edition is presented with a new Preface. Lila Abu-Lughod lived with a community of Bedouins in the Western Desert of Egypt for nearly two years, studying gender relations and the oral lyric poetry through which women and young men express personal feelings. The poems are haunting, the evocation of emotional life vivid. But her analysis also reveals how deeply implicated poetry and sentiment are in the play of power and the maintenance of a system of social hierarchy. What begins as a puzzle about a single poetic genre becomes a reflection on the politics of sentiment and the relationship between ideology and human experience.

The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence

1952-01-01

J. N. D. Anderson , Joseph Schacht

The origins of Muhammadan jurisprudenc , The origins of Muhammadan jurisprudenc , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران The origins of Muhammadan jurisprudenc , The origins of Muhammadan jurisprudenc , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران

Islam and Liberal Democracy: A Historical Overview

1996-04-01

Bernard Lewıs

Islam and Liberal DemocracyA Historical Overview Bernard Lewis (bio) In a necessarily brief discussion of major issues, it is fatally easy to go astray by misuse or misinterpretation of some … Islam and Liberal DemocracyA Historical Overview Bernard Lewis (bio) In a necessarily brief discussion of major issues, it is fatally easy to go astray by misuse or misinterpretation of some of the words that one uses. Therefore, I ought to say first what I mean by the terms "Islam" and "liberal democracy." Democracy nowadays is a word much used and even more misused. It has many meanings and has turned up in surprising places—the Spain of General Franco, the Greece of the colonels, the Pakistan of the generals, the Eastern Europe of the commissars—usually prefaced by some qualifying adjective such as "guided," "basic," "organic," "popular," or the like, which serves to dilute, deflect, or even to reverse the meaning of the word. Another definition of democracy is embraced by those who claim that Islam itself is the only authentic democracy. This statement is perfectly true, if one accepts the notion of democracy presupposed by those who advance this view. Since it does not coincide with the definition of democracy that I take as the basis of this discussion, I will leave it aside as irrelevant for present purposes. The kind of democracy I am talking about is none of these. By liberal democracy, I mean primarily the general method of choosing or removing governments that developed in England and then spread among English-speaking peoples and beyond. In 1945, the victors of the Second World War imposed parliamentary democracy on the three major Axis powers. It survives in all three, [End Page 52] precariously, perhaps, in one. In none of them has it yet confronted any crisis of truly major proportions. Among the Allies, Britain and France bequeathed their own brands of democracy—with varying success—to their former colonies during the postwar retreat from empire. Perhaps the best rule of thumb by which one can judge the presence of the kind of democracy I mean is Samuel P. Huntington's dictum that you can call a country a democracy when it has made two consecutive, peaceful changes of government via free elections. By specifying two elections, Huntington rules out regimes that follow the procedure that one acute observer has called "one man, one vote, once." So I take democracy to mean a polity where the government can be changed by elections as opposed to one where elections are changed by the government. Americans tend to see democracy and monarchy as antithetical terms. In Europe, however, democracy has fared better in constitutional monarchies than in republics. It is instructive to make a list of those countries in Europe where democracy has developed steadily and without interruption over a long period, and where there is every prospect that it will continue to do so in the foreseeable future. The list of such countries is short and all but one of them are monarchies. The one exception, Switzerland, is like the United States in that it is a special case due to special circumstances. In the French Republic, established by revolution more than two centuries ago, the march of democracy has been punctuated by interruptions, reverses, and digressions. In most of the other republics of Europe, and, for that matter, in the rest of the world, the record is incomparably worse. In all this, there may be some lesson for the Middle East, where the dynastic principle is still remarkably strong. The most purely Arab and Muslim of Middle Eastern states, Saudi Arabia, derives its name and its identity from its founding and ruling dynasty. So, too, did the Ottoman Empire—the most recent and by far the most enduring of all the Islamic empires. Even such radical revolutionary leaders as Hafiz al-Assad in Syria and Saddam Hussein in Iraq endeavor to secure the succession of their sons. In a political culture where the strain of dynastic legitimacy is so strong, democracy might in some places fare better by going with it rather than against it. What of our other term, "Islam"? It too has multiple meanings. In one sense, it denotes a religion—a system of belief, worship, doctrine, ideals, and ideas—that belongs to the family of monotheistic, scriptural religions that includes Judaism and Christianity. In...

The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality?

2000-01-01

Harold Vogelaar , John L. Esposito

With the death of communism as a global force, does - embraced by one-fifth of the world's population - now pose the greatest threat to the West? From the Ayatollah … With the death of communism as a global force, does - embraced by one-fifth of the world's population - now pose the greatest threat to the West? From the Ayatollah Khomeini to Saddam Hussein, the image of as a militant, expansionist, rabidly anti-Western force has gripped the popular imagination. This volume aims to show that these perceptions are rooted in a long history of mutual mistrust and represent an over-simplification. Placing in critical perspective, the book explores both its current resurgence and its troubled relationship with the West. The author offers a systematic assessment of Islamic politics in key nations including Iran, Libya, Lebanon, Egypt and Algeria, focusing in particular on Islamic movements, both moderate and radical. A picture of emerges which is not hostile and monolithic, but diverse and complex. In addition to examining recent historical events such as the Gulf War and the Rushdie affair, this new addition takes account of recent developments in Algeria, and contains a completely revised concluding chapter, Islam and the West: Conflict or Clash of the Civilizations?.

The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization

1976-06-01

Frederick Mathewson Denny , Marshall G. S. Hodgson

In this concluding volume of the venture of islam, Marshall G. S. Hodgson describes the second flowering of islam: the Safavi, Tmuri, and Ottoman empires. The final part of the … In this concluding volume of the venture of islam, Marshall G. S. Hodgson describes the second flowering of islam: the Safavi, Tmuri, and Ottoman empires. The final part of the volume analyzes the widespread islamic heritage in today's world.

Beyond the Veil: Male-Female Dynamics in a Modern Muslim Society.

1977-05-01

Janet Abu‐Lughod , Fátima Mernissi

Muslim Women and Fundamentalism: Introduction to the Revised Edition Preface: A Note to the Western Reader Introduction: Roots of the Modern Situation Part One: The Traditional Muslim View of Women … Muslim Women and Fundamentalism: Introduction to the Revised Edition Preface: A Note to the Western Reader Introduction: Roots of the Modern Situation Part One: The Traditional Muslim View of Women and Their Place in the Social Order 1. The Muslim Concept of Active Female Sexuality 2. Regulation of Female Sexuality in the Muslim Social Order 3. Sex and Marriage Before Islam Part Two: Anomic Effects of Modernization on Male-Female Dynamics 4. The Modern Situation: Moroccan Data 5. Sexual Anomie As Revealed by the Data 6. Husband and Wife 7. The Mother-in-Law 8. The Meaning of Spatial Boundaries 9. The Economic Basis of Sexual Annomie in Moroco Conclusion: Women's Liberation in Muslim Countries Notes Suggested Supplementary Reading Compiled by Mary Jo Lakeland Index

Women and gender in Islam: historical roots of a modern debate

1992-10-01

Leila Ahmed

PART I: The Pre-Islamic Middle East Chapter 1 Mesopotamia Chapter 2 The Mediterranean Middle East PART II: Founding Discourses Chapter 3 Women and the Rise of Islam Chapter 4 The … PART I: The Pre-Islamic Middle East Chapter 1 Mesopotamia Chapter 2 The Mediterranean Middle East PART II: Founding Discourses Chapter 3 Women and the Rise of Islam Chapter 4 The Transitional Age Chapter 5 Elaboration of the Founding Discourses Chapter 6 Medieval Islam PART III: New Discourses Chapter 7 Social and Intellectual Change Chapter 8 The Discourse of the Veil Chapter 9 The First Feminists Chapter 10 Divergent Voices Chapter 11 The Struggle for the Future Conclusion Notes Index.

Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power

1958-04-01

N. S. Timasheff , Karl H. Wittfogel

Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed?

1984-03-01

Wael B. Hallaq

As conceived by classical Muslim jurists, ijtihād is the exertion of mental energy in the search for a legal opinion to the extent that the faculties of the jurist become … As conceived by classical Muslim jurists, ijtihād is the exertion of mental energy in the search for a legal opinion to the extent that the faculties of the jurist become incapable of further effort. In other words, ijtihad is the maximum effort expended by the jurist to master and apply the principles and rules of uṣūl alfiqh (legal theory) for the purpose of discovering God's law. 1 The activity of ijtihad is assumed by many a modern scholar to have ceased about the end of the third/ninth century, with the consent of the Muslim jurists themselves. This process, known as ‘closing the gate of ijtihad’ (in Arabic: ‘insidād bāb al-ijtihād’), was described by Joseph Schacht as follows:

Iran: From Religious Dispute to Revolution

1980-10-01

Soraya Noland , Michael M. J. Fischer

Iran : from religious dispute to revolution , Iran : from religious dispute to revolution , کتابخانه دانشگاه امام صادق(ع) Iran : from religious dispute to revolution , Iran : from religious dispute to revolution , کتابخانه دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)

Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject

2012-12-30

Ayşen Baylak

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Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate.

1993-02-01

Lidwien Kapteijns , Leila Ahmed

Over-stating the Arab state: politics and society in the Middle East

1996-03-01

Part 1 The Middle East and the debate - a conceptual framework: the debate the in comparative perspective the non-individualistic path to the the Arabs and the issue of the … Part 1 The Middle East and the debate - a conceptual framework: the debate the in comparative perspective the non-individualistic path to the the Arabs and the issue of the schematic argument and conceptual framework. Part 2 Modes of and the origins of the Arabo-Islamic state: modes of and social formations the ancient Near-Eastern and the Asiatic mode of production early Islamic Arabia and the nomadic/conquestal mode of the Umayyads and the lineage/iqta'i symbiosis the Abbasids and the iqta'i/mercantile symbiosis the Ottomans and the military/iqta'i symbiosis the articulation of modes of in the historical Arabo-Islamic politics and ideology in the historical Arabo-Islamic state. Part 3 State formation in the modern era - the colonial/indigenous mix: the European encroachment a colonial mode of production? formation in Egypt formation in the Levant formation in North Africa formation in Arabia and the Gulf. Part 4 The Arab - territorial or pan-Arabist?: the pan-Arabist ideology pan-Arabism and the state the regional/functional approach the missing bourgeoisie and the future of Arab unity. Part 5 The sociology of articulated modes - community, class and polity: culture or economy? social correlates of articulated modes a closer look at social class corporatism and - society relations. Part 6 The system of articulated forms - the radical, populist republics: socialism or elatisme? corporatist devices - macro and micro Arab populisms in comparative perspective. Part 7 The system of articulated forms - the conservative, kin-ordered monarchies: rentier economies, rentier states politics and ideology - the kinship/religion symbiosis political tribalism - or corporatism Gulf-style. Part 8 Civil-military relations: causes for military intervention explaining the decline in coups the radical republics and the military-industrial complex the conservative monarchies and the military-tribal complex. Part 9 Bureaucratic growth - development versus control: expansion in the economic role of the bureaucratic growth in the Arab countries explaining the expansion the control functions of Arab bureaucracies. Part 10 Economic liberalization and privatization - is the Arab contracting?: modalities or privatization domestic versus international stimuli country cases Arab liberalizations in comparative perspective the politics of economic adjustment. Part 11 Prospects for democracy - is the civil society striking back?: cultural and intellectual requisites for democracy socio-economic requisites for democracy correlates of economic liberalization country cases the Yemeni adventure public/private, civil/civic. Part 12 Conclusion - the strong, the hard and the fierce.

The veil and the male elite: a feminist interpretation of women's rights in Islam

1992-02-01

Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence

2000-01-01

Asifa Quraishi-Landes , Mohammad Hāshim Kamali

Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate.

1993-09-01

Deniz Kandiyoti , Leila Ahmed

Muslim Politics

1996-12-31

Dale F. Eickelman , James Piscatori

Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in a Bedouin Society

1987-01-01

Rolf Herzog , Lila Abu‐Lughod

Iran Between Two Revolutions

1982-12-31

Ervand Abrahamian

Oriental Despotism-A Comparative Study of Total Power.

1958-10-01

Carl J. Friedrich , Karl A. Wittfogel

DJH

2018-01-01

Registry-Migration.Gbif.Org

This dataset holds the observations recorded during the GEO Biodiversity Day "DJH" in Grävenwiesbach This dataset holds the observations recorded during the GEO Biodiversity Day "DJH" in Grävenwiesbach

"Believing women" in Islam: unreading patriarchal interpretations of the Qur'an

2003-02-01

Asma Barlas

Preface Acknowledgments 1. The Qur~an and Muslim Women: Reading Patriarchy, Reading Liberation Part I 2. Texts and Textualities: The Qur~an, Tafsir, and Ahadith 3. Intertextualities, Extratextual Contexts: The Sunnah, Shari'ah, … Preface Acknowledgments 1. The Qur~an and Muslim Women: Reading Patriarchy, Reading Liberation Part I 2. Texts and Textualities: The Qur~an, Tafsir, and Ahadith 3. Intertextualities, Extratextual Contexts: The Sunnah, Shari'ah, and the State Part II 4. The Patriarchal Imaginary of Father/s: Divine Ontology and the Prophets 5. The Qur~an, Sex/Gender, and Sexuality: Sameness, Difference, Equality 6. The Family and Marriage: Retrieving the Qur~an's Egalitarianism 7. Postscript Notes Glossary Select Bibliography Index

Evil, hiddenness, and nonbelief in Abu al-Barakat al-Baghdadi’s Commentary on Ecclesiastes

2025-06-25

Bakinaz Abdalla | TheoLogica An International Journal for Philosophy of Religion and Philosophical Theology

The problem of evil has consistently challenged theistic belief. This challenge appears in both contemporary and medieval philosophical sources, including those written by Jewish and Muslim philosophers and theologians. Treatments … The problem of evil has consistently challenged theistic belief. This challenge appears in both contemporary and medieval philosophical sources, including those written by Jewish and Muslim philosophers and theologians. Treatments of the problem vary across historical contexts. This study examines a significant, yet understudied, engagement with this problem by Abū al-Barakāt al-Baghdādī (a 12th-century Jewish philosopher who converted to Islam) in his commentary on Ecclesiastes, proposing to contribute to research on both intellectual history, within the realms of Islamic and Jewish philosophy and theology, and philosophy of religion. First, I reconstruct the problem of evil as presented in Abū al-Barakāt’s Judeo-Arabic commentary on Ecclesiastes (extant in manuscript form), highlighting the surrounding philosophical and theological trends that shaped its overall perspective. Second, reflecting a deeper philosophical dimension of the reconstructed problem of evil, I analyze it through the lens of contemporary philosophy of religion, particularly the evidential argument from evil and relevant aspects of the problem of divine hiddenness. I argue that Abū al-Barakāt’s formulation, distinct from customary articulations of the problem in his intellectual milieu, anticipates atheistic challenges posed by the evidential argument and divine hiddenness. Finally, I propose that potential complementary responses to these challenges can be developed by analyzing (1) Abū al-Barakāt’s conception of taqlīd (conformism) in light of Alvin Plantinga’s concept of the basicality of belief, and (2) his use of the Islamic doctrine of al-Qaḍāʾ wa al-Qadar (divine Decree and Predestination), which allows for a skeptical response.

A Perspective on Encouragement and Deterrence Hadiths in Zaydi Hadith Interpretation: An Analysis of Erba'una Hadithan al-Saylakiyya

2025-06-25

Semih Yolaçan | Pamukkale Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi

This article examines the approach of the Zaydi school of thought in interpreting hadiths related to encouragement (targhib) and deterrence (tarhib) and, in this context, analyzes the work of Imam … This article examines the approach of the Zaydi school of thought in interpreting hadiths related to encouragement (targhib) and deterrence (tarhib) and, in this context, analyzes the work of Imam al-Mu'ayyad Billah Yahya b. Hamza, titled al-Anwar al-Mudi'a fi Sharh al-Arba'in al-Silkiyya. The study explores the fundamental principles of Yahya b. Hamza’s commentary methodology, the scientific disciplines he employs, and his approach to hadith interpretation. Additionally, the literary, grammatical, and semantic aspects of his commentary are assessed to uncover the core dynamics of Zaydi hadith understanding. The article first identifies the position of encouragement and deterrence hadiths within Zaydi hadith literature and evaluates how Zaydi scholars have approached these types of reports. Yahya b. Hamza’s commentary is based on six fundamental stages of textual interpretation: explaining the lexical meanings of words, analyzing sentence structures in terms of grammatical parsing (i'rab), evaluating the hadith within the framework of ilm al-ma’ani, considering it within the scope of ilm al-bayan, interpreting the intended meanings of the Prophet’s statements, and identifying rhetorical devices within ilm al-badi'. This methodology not only examines the literal meanings of the hadiths but also uncovers their deeper semantic layers. Furthermore, Yahya b. Hamza’s approach to these reports is observed to be rational, grounded in the Quran. The research finds that Yahya b. Hamza gives significant attention to the origins, contextual usages, and theological dimensions of words. By conducting detailed grammatical analyses, he strengthens the understanding of the text. It is evident that he extensively employs the three primary branches of Arabic rhetoric (ilm al-ma’ani, ilm al-bayan, ilm al-badi'). His effort to uncover the metaphorical and allegorical meanings of words enhances the expressive power and moral messages of the hadiths. Additionally, a detailed discussion is provided on how linguistic rules function in hadith interpretation and contribute to meaning. The article highlights that Yahya b. Hamza adopts a wisdom-centered approach in his commentary, treating hadiths not only from a literal perspective but also through ethical and spiritual lenses. The commentator situates the hadiths within historical and Sufi contexts, offering lessons on individual and social responsibilities. Furthermore, through the use of rhetorical devices such as parallelism (tasjee’), antithesis (tibaq), and intertextual references (iqtibas), he enhances the linguistic and semantic richness of the hadiths. The method he employs provides important insights into how hadiths can be understood by contemporary readers. In conclusion, Yahya b. Hamza’s commentary reflects the fundamental principles of Zaydi hadith interpretation, demonstrating a methodology centered on the Quran, authentic Sunnah, and rational analysis. This study contributes significantly to the field of hadith studies by illustrating the Zaydi commentary tradition and its rhetorical approach through concrete examples. Yahya b. Hamza’s textual analysis technique is regarded as an exemplary commentary method within classical Islamic sciences due to its theological and philological depth. In this regard, the study offers important perspectives on Zaydi tradition in terms of hadith scholarship and rhetoric.

Elnaz Seyedi - Elnaz Seyedi, A Sun of One’s Own. German Music Council/Contemporary Music Edition, Wergo, WER 64442.

2025-06-25

Julie Zhu | Tempo

Imagining the Ideal House in Late Ottoman Household Management Books (1885–1915)

2025-06-25

Derya Düzgün Top , Hatice Gökçen Özkaya | Home Cultures

Divine Omnipresence in the Arabic-Islamic Intellectual Tradition

2025-06-24

O.L. Lizzini | Oxford University Press eBooks

Abstract One finds different expressions of divine omnipresence in the Arabic-Islamic tradition. In the Qur’an, the suggestion of a superior divine world is counterbalanced by the notion of God as … Abstract One finds different expressions of divine omnipresence in the Arabic-Islamic tradition. In the Qur’an, the suggestion of a superior divine world is counterbalanced by the notion of God as continuously active and omnipresent, and Kalām, mysticism, and philosophy interpret this idea in various ways. The Absolute is both present and transcendent. Omnipresence, in so far as it is presence, must necessarily be thought ‘in’ or ‘in relation to’ something and transcendence necessarily refers to the divine presence in the world. The major difficulty that authors (e.g. Avicenna and Ibn ‘Arabī) have to face is then reconciling the otherness of the Principle with Its (omni-)presence in the world: the thought of God is about continuity, and includes mediation, but also about the caesura between God and the created world.

al-Yaʿqūbī as a Global Historian

2025-06-24

Matthew Gordon | Oxford University Press eBooks

Abstract The works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ al-Yaʿqūbī are among the key Arabic-language sources for the first period of Islamic history (c.600–900 ce). The period witnessed the emergence of the Islamic … Abstract The works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ al-Yaʿqūbī are among the key Arabic-language sources for the first period of Islamic history (c.600–900 ce). The period witnessed the emergence of the Islamic religious tradition alongside the consolidation then fragmentation of the Arab-Islamic Empire. The Islamic realm, by the ninth century ce, encompassed a sweep of territories, from Iberia to Central Asia. The concern of this chapter is al-Yaʿqūbī’s generous worldview. It begins with a brief look at al-Yaʿqūbī’s career for which, however, we possess only fragmentary information. The chapter then turns to the Geography (Kitāb al-buldān) and the History (Ta’rīkh), with the view that the two works are best read together. Each represents a particular discipline of early Arab-Islamic scholarship, thus evincing al-Yaʿqūbī’s detailed assessment of what became a major global civilization.

Early Islamic Universal Histories

2025-06-24

Abed el‐Rahman Tayyara | Oxford University Press eBooks

Abstract The chapter examines early Islamic universal histories between the ninth and tenth centuries, focusing on their content, models, intellectual evolution, and religious-political objectives. The inception of Islamic universal historical … Abstract The chapter examines early Islamic universal histories between the ninth and tenth centuries, focusing on their content, models, intellectual evolution, and religious-political objectives. The inception of Islamic universal historical thought appeared in prophetic-biblical narratives, aiming to demonstrate the distinctiveness of Muḥammad’s prophet-hood and the unique place of Islam in human history. The study identifies four major models of universal histories that dominated the evolution of Islamic historiography: Providential-monarchical, cyclical-imperial, civilizational-geographical, and nationalistic-ethnic. Central to the Providential-monarchical pattern is the use of prophethood and kingship as chronological markers to show God’s intervention in history as a civilizing force leading to a flourishing imperial monarchy. The cyclical-imperial pattern is based on the themes of the rise and fall of dynasties, aiming to suggest practical solutions for successful rulership. The civilizational-geographical pattern, incorporating new sources such as Greco-Roman, signifies efforts to contextualize Islamic achievements historically and geographically within a broader comparative civilizational framework. The nationalistic-ethnic pattern reflects the Shuʿūbiyya controversy, characterized by ethnic and cultural tensions between Arabs and non-Arab Muslims, particularly Persians. These universal writings, therefore, epitomize the process of reorganizing and synthesizing the rich body of materials that Muslims inherited from previous nations.

UNDERSTANDING SATPANTH ISMĀʿĪLĪ IDENTITY:

2025-06-24

Hussain Jasani | Anthem Press eBooks

The Wars of the Three Kingdoms

2025-06-24

| Yale University Press eBooks

Symbolism of Rain in the Qur'an: Semiotic Analysis Based on Charles S. Peirce's theory

2025-06-24

Iffah Fathan Salsabila | IJoIS Indonesian Journal of Islamic Studies

This study analyzes the symbolism of rain in the Qur'an using the semiotic approach developed by Charles S. Peirce. In the Qur'an, rain is often used as an analogy for … This study analyzes the symbolism of rain in the Qur'an using the semiotic approach developed by Charles S. Peirce. In the Qur'an, rain is often used as an analogy for various spiritual and moral concepts such as mercy, sustenance, and signs of Allah's power. Peirce's semiotic theory, which involves the triadic concepts—representamen (the sign itself), object (what the sign refers to), and interpretant (the meaning produced in the observer's mind)—is utilized to explore the meaning behind the symbol of rain in Qur'anic texts. This research identifies and interprets various verses mentioning rain to uncover hidden meanings and the contribution of the rain symbol to the overall message of the Qur'an. By focusing on three verses: QS. Al-Furqan: 48-49 (rain as mercy), QS. Asy-Syu’aro: 173 (rain as disaster), and QS. An-Nur: 43 (rain as a natural phenomenon), this study reveals how the Qur'an uses natural symbols to convey spiritual and ethical messages. The results of this analysis are expected to enrich the interpretation of symbolism in sacred literature and demonstrate the relevance of Peirce's semiotic theory in the study of religious texts.

TÜRK EPİK DESTAN GELENEĞİNDE KAHRAMANIN MUCİZEVİ DOĞUMU

2025-06-24

Ennur Bilecan Karaosmanoğlu , Gülay Mirzaoğlu | FOLKLOR AKADEMİ DERGİSİ

Kültür, hem toplumun hem de bireyin değerlerini, normlarını, inançlarını, dilini, geleneklerini, sanatını ve diğer sosyal pratiklerini kapsayan çok geniş bir şekilde kapsar. Bu, bireylerin toplumsal ilişkilerine yeni bir biçim verir, … Kültür, hem toplumun hem de bireyin değerlerini, normlarını, inançlarını, dilini, geleneklerini, sanatını ve diğer sosyal pratiklerini kapsayan çok geniş bir şekilde kapsar. Bu, bireylerin toplumsal ilişkilerine yeni bir biçim verir, toplumsal yapıyı oluşturur ve bireylerin dünyayı nasıl algıladığını etkiler. Kültür, aynı zamanda toplumun tarihsel, ekonomik ve coğrafi bağlamını da yansıtır. Toplumsal kültür, bireylerin etkileşim içinde bulunduğu ve öğrenerek benimsediği bir dizi pratik ve inançtan oluşur. Bu bağlamda kültür, sadece bir toplumun geçmişine ait bir miras değil, aynı zamanda dinamik bir yapıdır; sürekli olarak evrilir ve değişir. Bir toplumun kültürünü anlamak ve çözümlemek için de destanlar, bir çeşit kültürel kodlar gibi işlev görür. Dolayısıyla, destanlar sadece eğlencelik hikâyeler değil, toplumun iç yapısını, tarihi hatıralarını ve özlemlerini anlatan derin metinlerdir. Ayrıca, destanlar toplumsal kimliğin pekişmesine, toplumsal normların ve ideallerin yayılmasına da katkıda bulunur. Dolayısıyla destanlar kültürün bir aynasıdır ve toplumun dünya görüşünü, inancını, hayallerini, kahramanlık anlayışını, toplumsal değerlerini ve tarihsel birikimini en canlı biçimde yansıtan anlatılardır. Uluslar için destanlar, hem kültürel hem de tarihsel anlamda büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Destanlar, milletlerin geçmişini, kültürünü, yaşam tarzını, kahramanlıklarını, değerlerini, inançlarını ve toplumsal yapısını anlatan sözlü ya da yazılı anlatılardır. Destanlar, ulusların geçmişinde iz bırakan, önemli olayları ve kahramanlıkları kuşaklar arası aktarımda önemli bir araçtır. Destanlar, asıl olarak ulusal kimliğin ve ulus değerlerinin yansıması ve destekleyicisidir. Destan kahramanları, destanın mitik simgelerini her daim kollektif bir kültür belleği ile pekiştirir. Bu sayede ulusal birlik ve beraberliği sağlar. Halkına cesaret aşılar, zor zamanlarda moral sağlar ve toplumların dün ve bugünü olduğu kadar geleceklerini de şekillendirir. Milletlerin destanlarında yer alan motifler ait oldukları milletin kültürünü en iyi şekilde yansıtma kabiliyetine sahiptir. Destanın merkezinde yer alan kahraman da milletinin gücünü, cesaretini, azmini ve adaletini çok etkili biçimde yansıtır. Milletini temsil eder ve milletinin karakterini tanıtır. Kahramanın olağanüstü güçleri, faziletli hareketleri her daim yüksek erdemleri simgeler. Onun yaşarken mizacının güzelliği, yüceliği, kutsiyetinin yanı sıra nasıl var olduğu yani hangi şartlarda dünyaya geldiği de son derece önemlidir. O, nasıl ki benzersiz vasıflara sahipse doğum, yani dünyaya gelme biçimi de olağanüstü ve benzersiz olmalıdır. Araştırmamız çerçevesinde gördük ki destan kahramanlarının bir kısmı ışıktan doğma, yer gök; dağ deniz; orman motifleri, kaya kültleri, iyeler tarafından müjdelenme, ağaçtan doğma, yaşı çok ileri olan veya ölen anneden doğma, mezardan, mağaradan, madenden doğma gibi olağanüstü biçimde dünyaya gelmişlerdir. Birçok destanda olağanüstü doğum motifi kahraman olmak için ön şart gibi kabul edilmiştir. Destanların teşekkül ettiği dönemlerdeki inanış ve yaşam tarzına bağlı olarak, bu motif farklı şekillerde karşımıza çıkabilmektedir. Kahramanın olağan dışı doğumu onun gelecekte göstereceği başarıların habercisi olmuştur. İnsanoğlu, ideallerini gerçekleştirebilecek donanıma sahip olağanüstü kimlikler yaratır. Bu çok güçlü karakterler aynı zamanda asil bir soydan gelmektedir. Bu asil soyun yansıması olan her tutum ve davranış hemen her dönemde kendini göstermektedir. Toplumunun kurtuluş̧ ümidi olarak mucizevî bir şekilde doğan kahramanların doğumlarındaki olağanüstülük, yaptıkları işlerin sıradan bir doğumla dünyaya gelen insanlardan farklı olacağının da bir göstergesi olarak anlaşılabilmektedir. Çalışmada, bu olağanüstülükler doğrultusunda kahramanların farklı “doğum”, “dünyaya geliş” şekilleri destan metin örneklerinden de faydalanılarak ele alınıp tasniflenmektedir.

Before Technopolitics: Approaching the Liminal Character of Ibn Sa'ud's Reign

2025-06-24

Borja W. González Fernández | Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos

Despite his often being maligned as a symbol of traditionalism, King ‘Abd al-‘Aziz Al Sa‘ud, remains an under-researched figure in Middle Eastern political history. This paper argues that, contrary to … Despite his often being maligned as a symbol of traditionalism, King ‘Abd al-‘Aziz Al Sa‘ud, remains an under-researched figure in Middle Eastern political history. This paper argues that, contrary to such perceptions, he was instrumental in setting the foundations of Saudi modernity. Indeed, his reign can be identified as a liminal phase, bridging the gap between the patriarchal state of his forefathers and the technopolitical structures consolidated by his successors. This study also highlights how these transformations predated the arrival of hydrocarbon-generated income and were directly linked to the consolidation of the king’s bi-epochal political project.

Chronotope, Dialogue, and Simulation: A New Perspective on Memet Baydur’s 'Kamyon'

2025-06-24

Ozan Ekin Derin | Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi

This article analyzes Kamyon, the two-act play by Memet Baydur in 1990, and interprets it within its basic structural features. Kamyon deals with the events that develop in the context … This article analyzes Kamyon, the two-act play by Memet Baydur in 1990, and interprets it within its basic structural features. Kamyon deals with the events that develop in the context of the relationships between the workers and the villagers after a cargo truck breaks down on a deserted road; the characters wait in an unresolved situation, and the cycles of waiting bear reflections of Türkiye’s political and social transformations. Within this framework, first, the chronotope structure of the play and the performative, discursive and imaginative elements on which this structure is built, are discussed. Secondly, the dialogical interactions that are the carriers of the discursive content of the play are presented. The sections where dialogical interactions are concentrated and can be called ‘play within the play’ are specifically interpreted in terms of the general socio-cultural context of the play and the political contradictions that the characters are holders of. Since the general structure of the play exhibits simulative features, the roles of structural and content-based features in shaping the simulacra order were examined and their composition in the play in terms of the world of meaning was attempted to be understood. The primary conclusion reached by the research is that the play was established as a critical simulation, in the final analysis, it was shaped around a socio-political background centered on Türkiye after the eighties, and a fin de siècle theme. As a result, in this article, Kamyon is subjected to a text-based analysis and interpretation, and in this manner, the meaning of the play is attempted to be reconstructed for the audience.

A Spiritual Medium

2025-06-24

Yaron Peleg | Oxford University Press eBooks

Abstract This chapter traces the evolution of religious imagery in Israeli cinema and television from 1948 to 2025. It examines three key periods in this development, showing how religious representation … Abstract This chapter traces the evolution of religious imagery in Israeli cinema and television from 1948 to 2025. It examines three key periods in this development, showing how religious representation transformed from obscurity to prominence. During the first period (1948–2000), Israeli filmmakers largely ignored Jewish religiosity, occasionally employing parody, as seen in the Kuni Leml trilogy (1966, 1976, 1983). The second period (2000–2010) marked a shift toward serious engagement with religious themes, exploring both national religious and ultra-Orthodox communities through significant works like Time of Favor (2000) and Kadosh (1999). From 2010 onward, representations have grown increasingly sophisticated, featuring works by Orthodox filmmakers such as Shuli Rand and Rama Burstein, mainstream successes such as Shtisel (2013), and experimental films by David Volach (My Father, My Lord, 2007) and Avishai Sivan (Tikkun, 2015) that integrate religious spirituality into their artistic vision. These changes are analyzed within Israel’s sociopolitical context and through contemporary theoretical frameworks, including postmodern perspectives and current trends in religious representation. The chapter demonstrates how this transformation in media reflects broader changes in Israeli society’s relationship with religion while considering the artistic and cultural implications of these developments.

Deconstructing a Discourse: A Western Critique of the Orientalist Stereotype of the “Soulless Muslim Woman”

2025-06-23

Bahar KARATAŞ | İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi

In 19th-century Western discourse, the assertion that women in Islam had no soul was deeply ingrained, particularly through the recurrent use of the word “soul.” This notion proliferated in European … In 19th-century Western discourse, the assertion that women in Islam had no soul was deeply ingrained, particularly through the recurrent use of the word “soul.” This notion proliferated in European travel literature, missionary reports, and Orientalist writings, where Muslim Turkish women were portrayed as oppressed, invisible, and devoid of individual identity. The term “soul” became an ideological tool to portray Turkish women as closed-off, passive, and objectified beings confined to the domestic sphere. These narratives not only described the position of Ottoman women but also functioned as a rhetorical strategy to depict Islamic societies as backward and in need of Western intervention. Turkish women were often symbolized as emblems of a primitive civilization, instrumentalized to justify the civilizing mission of the West. However, not all Western observers endorsed such reductionist portrayals. Some travellers and writers offered more nuanced accounts, closely observing Ottoman women’s daily lives, social roles, and influence within their families and communities. They highlighted the autonomy and respect women enjoyed, occasionally citing Islamic sources to challenge prevailing narratives. These alternative perspectives helped uncover the complex and dynamic realities of Ottoman womanhood. The findings of this study reveal that a counter-discourse existed within Western travel narratives that resisted Orientalist stereotypes. These writings demonstrated that Ottoman women were not merely passive subjects, but active agents with social visibility, familial authority, and religiously grounded dignity. By bringing these voices to light, the study exposes the multiplicity of gender perceptions in the 19th-century Western gaze and contributes to a deeper understanding of cross-cultural representations and the limitations of Orientalist generalizations.

Reading Marx in Tehran: The Social Sciences in Iran

2025-06-23

Mehran Kamrava | The Muslim World

Elizabeth Kassler-Taub. Review of "Hafsids and Habsburgs in the Early Modern Mediterranean: Facing Tunis" by Cristelle L. Baskins.

2025-06-23

Elizabeth Kassler-Taub | CAA Reviews

Salih Sayilgan. God, Evil, and Suffering in Islam (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2024). Pp. xvii + 224 (Hbk). ISBN 9781009377317.

2025-06-23

Imam Karya Bakti | Religious Studies

Islamic Feminism in Response to the Western Misogyny, and Women Rights in the Islamic context

2025-06-22

H M Mahfuzur Rahman , Jahirul Islam , Nasreen Khan +2 more | Dirasat Human and Social Sciences

Objectives: This study explores the complex interaction between Islamic feminism and Western feminism, focusing on how Islamic feminism addresses claims of gender oppression in Muslim societies and challenges Western feminist … Objectives: This study explores the complex interaction between Islamic feminism and Western feminism, focusing on how Islamic feminism addresses claims of gender oppression in Muslim societies and challenges Western feminist critiques. It also investigates the rights Islam grants to women and the misconceptions surrounding these rights in Western discourse. Methods: Using a qualitative approach, the research examines feminist texts, Islamic scriptures, and historical accounts to analyze how Islamic feminism has developed as a response to Western narratives. It also evaluates feminist critiques and the socio-cultural impact of colonialism and neo-colonialism on gender discourse in Islamic societies. Results: The findings reveal that Islamic feminism emphasizes gender equality rooted in the Qur’an and challenges the patriarchal interpretations of Islamic teachings. It also highlights the misrepresentation of Muslim women in Western feminism, revealing instances of Islamophobia and cultural imperialism. Islamic feminism emerges as a framework that reclaims religious identity while advocating for gender justice. Conclusions: This study concludes that Islamic feminism provides a powerful counter-narrative to Western feminism by asserting the compatibility of gender equality with Islamic values. It underscores the need to recognize the agency of Muslim women and dismantle stereotypes perpetuated by Western frameworks, fostering a more inclusive and culturally sensitive understanding of feminism.

(Re)producing Marriage:

2025-06-22

| State University of New York Press eBooks

Siyasal Şiddetin Teolojik Yüzü: Sünni Düşüncede Cihat ve Radikal Sapmalar

2025-06-21

Umut Turgut YILDIRIM , Fatih TEKİN , Younoussa Kouke Boube | İktisadi ve İdari Yaklaşımlar Dergisi

Bu çalışma, siyasal şiddetin tarihsel sürekliliğe sahip ve çok katmanlı bir olgu olduğunu ortaya koymakta, radikal Selefi cihatçı hareketlerin Sünni İslam düşüncesindeki cihat kavramı çerçevesinde benimsedikleri teolojik anlatıları kapsamlı biçimde … Bu çalışma, siyasal şiddetin tarihsel sürekliliğe sahip ve çok katmanlı bir olgu olduğunu ortaya koymakta, radikal Selefi cihatçı hareketlerin Sünni İslam düşüncesindeki cihat kavramı çerçevesinde benimsedikleri teolojik anlatıları kapsamlı biçimde analiz etmektedir. Çalışmada, siyasal şiddetin yalnızca modernliğin bir yan ürünü olmadığı, aksine uzun süredir siyasal ve toplumsal dönüşüm süreçlerinin merkezinde yer aldığı ileri sürülmektedir. Özellikle çağdaş bağlamlarda dinî referansların şiddeti meşrulaştırma aracı olarak giderek daha fazla öne çıktığına dikkat çekilmektedir. Çalışmanın temel varsayımı, radikal hareketlerin İslam’ın temel metinlerini tarihsel ve bağlamsal referanslardan kopararak yorumladığı ve bu yolla cihat kavramını ideolojik bir şiddet aracına dönüştürdüğüdür. Bu kapsamda klasik ve modern kaynaklardan hareketle cihat kavramının Sünni gelenek içerisinde tarih boyunca savaş ile barış arasında nasıl salındığı incelenmekte; bu kavramın özgün temellerinin manevi disiplin ve toplumsal adalet ilkelerine dayandığı ortaya koyulmaktadır. Ayrıca El-Kaide, IŞİD, Boko Haram ve Eş-Şebab gibi çağdaş örnekleri analiz ederek bu yapıların dinî söylemi araçsallaştırdığı ve şiddeti söylemsel ve sembolik bir araç olarak kullanarak küresel güvenliğe ciddi bir tehdit oluşturduğu gösterilmektedir. Bu yönüyle çalışma, siyasal şiddetin teolojik temellerini pratik örneklerle birleştirerek literatüre özgün bir katkı sunmaktadır.

Qiṣṣat ḥayāt al-Bukhārī: Sīra tārīkhiyya jadīda

2025-06-20

Mehfuz Zaman | American Journal of Islam and Society

Few works in Islamic intellectual history have received as much attention as Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. With hundreds of premodern and modern studies dedicated to its name, one might assume that little … Few works in Islamic intellectual history have received as much attention as Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. With hundreds of premodern and modern studies dedicated to its name, one might assume that little room remains for groundbreaking insights. Khaldūn al-Aḥdab’s recently revised study and the introduction to the Bayt al-Sunna edition of Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī have made significant contributions to our understanding of Imam al-Bukhārī’s life and works. Yet, Aḥmad al-Aqṭash’s highly anticipated monograph manages to push the boundaries of an extensively studied subject even further. If al-Aqṭash’s gloss on Abū Masʿūd al-Dimashqī’s Jawāb is any indication, he possesses an exceptional mastery of the hadith sciences and is thus well-equipped to engage with the subject at hand.

Editorial Note

2025-06-20

David H. Warren | American Journal of Islam and Society

This issue of the American Journal of Islam and Society comprises three primary research articles, which respectively engage the themes of political obedience, the relationship between religiosity and sustainable behavior, … This issue of the American Journal of Islam and Society comprises three primary research articles, which respectively engage the themes of political obedience, the relationship between religiosity and sustainable behavior, and the interpretation of texts. First, we have Bachar Bakour’s article, “Reconceptualizing Political Obedience in Islamic Thought: An Analytical study of Ḥadīth Literature.” Bakour examines the highly important question – both historically and today – of obedience to the ruler in the Islamic tradition. Next, we have the intriguing and exhaustively researched work by Sahibzada Muhammad Hamza and Nasim Shah Shirazi, “The Role of Religiosity in Shaping Sustainable Behavior: A Global Perspective.” Their article provides an important contribution to the current literature on sustainable behavior and religiosity by moving beyond small studies of local contexts to provide a global analysis over several decades. Our third research article for this issue is Naveed Anjum’s study, “Textual Authority and Modern Urdū Exegetical Interpretations: A Case Study of Q.4:34.” Here, Anjum provides a thoroughgoing exploration of key South Asian exegetes writing in Urdū in the modern period, ranging from the 20th century to today. Lastly, this issue also includes an insightful forum piece by Ismail Hashim Abubakar on scholarly debates in Nigeria around the phenomenon of the Boko Haram insurgency. Taken together, these contributions offer a wide range of thought-provoking and insightful points of departures for further exploration in a diversity of fields.

The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Women

2025-06-20

Nevin Reda | American Journal of Islam and Society

There is no doubt that the topic of Islam and women has received a great deal of scholarly attention from different vantage points that serve competing interests and claims. Amidst … There is no doubt that the topic of Islam and women has received a great deal of scholarly attention from different vantage points that serve competing interests and claims. Amidst this plethora of discourses, Asma Afsaruddin’s edited volume The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Women sheds light on the multi-faceted and diverse nature of Muslim women’s lives in the past and in the present. As Afsaruddin points out in the introduction, the volume is in conversation with some of the politicization and the idealization that the topic has encountered in both lay and academic circles, and attempts to provide a more nuanced and historicized approach that better reflects Muslim women’s lived experiences, perspectives, and manifold contributions to the Islamic tradition. It makes for a valuable reference work that helps readers navigate the minefield of political and other ideologies that revolve around Muslim women.

Reconceptualizing Political Obedience in Islamic Thought

2025-06-20

Bachar Bakour | American Journal of Islam and Society

This study examines the concept of obedience to the ruler in Islam focusing on prominent ḥadīth collections, primarily Ibn al-Athīr’s Jāmiʿ al-Uṣūl fī Aḥādīth al-Rasūl. It conducts a comprehensive textual … This study examines the concept of obedience to the ruler in Islam focusing on prominent ḥadīth collections, primarily Ibn al-Athīr’s Jāmiʿ al-Uṣūl fī Aḥādīth al-Rasūl. It conducts a comprehensive textual and contextual analysis, extending its exploration to classical and contemporary works of Islamic political thought. The primary objective is to unveil insightful clues that contribute to a profound understanding of the concept of obedience, synthesizing original Islamic sources, historical experiences of the ummah, and the current realities of the Islamic world. The study argues that the concept of obedience emerges as conditional and contextual, balancing the rights of the ruler and the people. Also, the term ulū al-amr, symbolizing the joint effort of legislation, law enforcement, and adjudication, rejects autocratic power and political tyranny. Rulers are expected to consult with scholars, emphasizing a reciprocal relationship for the benefit of the ummah. The study further identifies a three-tiered classification of obedience: normative obedience rooted in love and respect for just rulers, obedience of necessity applied to corrupt rulers in Muslim history prior to the collapse of the Caliphate, and a form of emergency obedience to leaders in the contemporary era. On the basis of “averting harm takes priority over bringing the benefit” dictum, Islamic law has ordered that the despotism of the ruler, viewed as a fait accompli, is something that ought to be endured, and obedience given till the time is ripe for change.

EXPLORING THE INTERSECTION OF SHARIA AND SUFISM IN IMĀM RABBĀNĪ AḤMAD SIRHINDĪ’S MAKTŪBĀT RABBĀNĪ

2025-06-20

Saeyd Rashed Hasan Chowdury | Kanz Philosophia A Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism

with a particular focus on the writings of Imām Rabbānī Aḥmad Sirhindī as articulated in Maktūbāt Rabbānī. While specific Islamic reformist movements posit a fundamental dichotomy between these two domains, … with a particular focus on the writings of Imām Rabbānī Aḥmad Sirhindī as articulated in Maktūbāt Rabbānī. While specific Islamic reformist movements posit a fundamental dichotomy between these two domains, Sirhindī contends that sufism and sharia are inseparable, with the former serving as an extension of the latter. This research seeks to analyze Sirhindī’s reconciliation of Islam’s mystical and legal dimensions, demonstrating that proper spiritual purification must occur within the framework of sharia rather than in opposition to it. Methodologically, this study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing textual analysis of Maktūbāt Rabbānī, particularly its first three volumes—to explore Sirhindī’s discourse on the necessity of legal adherence in the spiritual journey. The research also engages in comparative analysis with the works of Ibn al-‘Arabī, al-Ḥallāj, and al-Ghazālī to contextualize Sirhindī’s position within broader sufi thought. The findings reveal that Sirhindī’s model of tasawwuf is rooted in doctrinal orthodoxy, critiquing mystical deviations that detach spirituality from religious law. The study concludes that Sirhindī’s work offers a systematic framework for understanding sufism within Islamic jurisprudence, challenging perspectives that perceive a dichotomy between mystical practice and legal adherence. By addressing contemporary misconceptions, this research contributes to ongoing debates on the role of spirituality in Islamic law, reaffirming Maktūbāt Rabbānī as a seminal text in the discourse on the harmonious integration of sharia and tasawwuf.

“Vernacular” security, religion, and local imams

2025-06-20

Fabrizio Leonardo Cuccu | Routledge eBooks

Reinterpreting Female Sexuality in Islam: A Maqāṣidī Exegesis of QS Āli ‘Imrān:14 toward Gender-Just Hermeneutics

2025-06-20

Sarwanih | Al Furqan Jurnal Ilmu Al Quran dan Tafsir

This study analyzes the issue of female sexuality in Islam through a maqāṣidī exegesis of QS Āli ʿImrān verse 14. Sexuality, often interpreted through patriarchal and biased lenses, poses a … This study analyzes the issue of female sexuality in Islam through a maqāṣidī exegesis of QS Āli ʿImrān verse 14. Sexuality, often interpreted through patriarchal and biased lenses, poses a significant challenge to developing a gender-just Islamic perspective. This research employs a library-based method, drawing from classical and contemporary tafsir works as well as scholarly literature on sexuality in Islam. The findings indicate that conventional interpretations frequently portray women as sources of temptation (fitnah). In contrast, the maqāṣidī approach understands the verse as a universal reminder of worldly attractions for all human beings. Sexual desire is viewed as a divine gift that supports family formation, preserves human dignity (ḥifẓ al-ʿirḍ), life (ḥifẓ al-nafs), and intellect (ḥifẓ al-ʿaql). This study emphasizes the equal moral responsibility of men and women and the need to develop a more inclusive and humanistic tafsir methodology. The findings aim to contribute to the advancement of gender-sensitive hermeneutics in contemporary Qur'anic studies.

Ebu’l-Muzaffer el-Ebîverdî’nin Kudüs Mersiyesi

2025-06-20

Eyyüp Tanrıverdi | Istanbul Journal of Arabic Studies

XI. yüzyılın Bağdat’ında bütünüyle Selçuklu ilim kültür sahasının inşasına katılan ve temsilini üstlenen isimlerden biri olarak Ebu’l-Muzaffer el-Ebîverdî zamanının sürükleyici müstesna kişilikleri arasında yer almıştır. el-Ebîverdî’nin saltanat, vezaret ve hilafet … XI. yüzyılın Bağdat’ında bütünüyle Selçuklu ilim kültür sahasının inşasına katılan ve temsilini üstlenen isimlerden biri olarak Ebu’l-Muzaffer el-Ebîverdî zamanının sürükleyici müstesna kişilikleri arasında yer almıştır. el-Ebîverdî’nin saltanat, vezaret ve hilafet kademelerinin uzun soluklu teveccühlerine mazhar olduğu görülür. Sahip olduğu yetenekleri geniş bir kültür, güçlü bir ilmi müktesebat ve etkili bir edebi üretim ile taçlandırmış, çağının entelektüel gelişimine katılım yapmıştır. Onun yaşadığı dönemde devlet, beylik, emirlik gibi güç odaklarının ayrıklığı ve dağınıklığı, üstelik birbirleriyle düşmanlıkları sebebiyle İslam memleketi zaafa düşmüştür. Bunun sonucunda, ona göre, Haçlılar, İslam memleketini işgal etmiş ve nihayet Kudüs, Haçlıların eline geçmiştir. Şâm’dan Bağdat’a uzanan sivil reaksiyonlar dışında İslam memleketinde etkili bir güç olmak üzere bir somutlaşmanın olmaması, hatta bu yönde emarelerin bile olmaması karşısında el-Ebîverdî’nin sanatını toplumsal tepkinin bir temsilcisi olarak icra etmeye yöneldiği görülür. Klasik kaside formu üzere aynı şekilde o günkü toplumsal duyguların ve değerlerin temsilini sağlamak üzere nazmettiği Kudüs Mersiyesi toplumsal ilgi kadar tarihsel değer de görmüştür. Kaside dönemin İslam memleketlerindeki idari ve askeri mekanizmaların Kudüs’ün düşüşü karşısındaki durumlarını ve toplumsal tezahürleri tescil eden tarihi bir belgedir. Şâm bölgesindeki güç odaklarının özellikle toplum ve ilim adamlarının örgütleyici tasarrufları karşısında onları kendi içinde cezalandırdıkları bir ortamda bu kaside edebî seçeneğin devreye alınmış olmasının bir kanıtı olarak da tarihi bir vesika değeri taşımaktadır. Bu bakış açısıyla el-Ebîverdî’nin Kudüs kasidesi bir araştırma tasarımına dönüştürülmüştür.

A Critical Analysis of Patriarchal Constructs in Ibn Kathir’s Exegesis of Gender-Related Qur’anic Verses

2025-06-20

Muhammad Ridwan , Basri Mahmud | Al Furqan Jurnal Ilmu Al Quran dan Tafsir

Qur’anic interpretation is not a neutral act; it is shaped by the socio-cultural and historical context of the exegete. These contextual factors significantly influence how interpreters understand and represent gender … Qur’anic interpretation is not a neutral act; it is shaped by the socio-cultural and historical context of the exegete. These contextual factors significantly influence how interpreters understand and represent gender roles within Islamic teachings. This study critically analyzes the influence of patriarchal culture in classical tafsir by examining Ibn Kathir’s interpretation of three key verses concerning gender: Qur’an 4:34 (male authority over women), 2:282 (the legal testimony of women), and 4:11 (rules of inheritance). Employing a combination of exegetical analysis and a gender-critical approach, the research explores the extent to which patriarchal social structures are embedded in Ibn Kathir’s tafsir. The findings indicate that his interpretations tend to reflect a hierarchical view of gender, often positioning women as socially and legally subordinate to men, consistent with the dominant norms of his time. This study argues for the importance of reinterpreting Qur’anic texts through a contextual and justice-oriented lens that considers contemporary understandings of gender equality while remaining faithful to Islamic principles.

Islamic West Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean

2025-06-20

Matthew Dimmock , Andrew Hadfield | Oxford University Press eBooks

Abstract It is at least arguable that the Ottoman Empire featured more significantly for the British in the early seventeenth century than areas that were to assume greater importance later, … Abstract It is at least arguable that the Ottoman Empire featured more significantly for the British in the early seventeenth century than areas that were to assume greater importance later, notably the Americas. The Crusades were still an active memory connecting the early modern to the medieval world, and pilgrimages to Jerusalem, while not common as getting there was so dangerous, were notable as travellers’ accounts demonstrate. Cyprus continued to be significant; once the stopping place for Crusader armies, it now assumed importance as the island gateway to the east before long sea voyages became more common. West Asia contained the ancient, fabled cities of Babylon and Persepolis, the former representing the decadent empire that oppressed the Jews, the latter the magnificent achievement of the Persian Empire, eventually conquered by Alexander the Great. The new marvel of the east was Istanbul, once centre of the Byzantine Empire but now Ottoman and standing against the west. The Persian Gulf had always been an important waterway with a mythic status, but in the early seventeenth century it was the site of a number of struggles for mastery over trade routes vital for British commercial interests.

BAVYERA DEVLET KÜTÜPHANESİ’NDE BULUNAN AL-QURʾĀN- BSB COD.ARAB.1 ENVANTER NUMARALI MUSHAF-I ŞERİF’İN TEZHİP ÖZELLİKLERİ

2025-06-20

Burcu Er , Pınar TOKTAŞ , Serpil Müftüoğlu | Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi

Tarihi Orta Asya’ya dayanan İslâm sanatlarının önemli bir kolu ve hat sanatının bütünleyicisi olan tezhip sanatı, altın ve çeşitli renklerdeki boyalar kullanılarak, stilize yahut yarı stilize motiflerle elyazması kitaplara, fermanlara, … Tarihi Orta Asya’ya dayanan İslâm sanatlarının önemli bir kolu ve hat sanatının bütünleyicisi olan tezhip sanatı, altın ve çeşitli renklerdeki boyalar kullanılarak, stilize yahut yarı stilize motiflerle elyazması kitaplara, fermanlara, hüsn-i hat levhalara vd. yapılan bezemelere denilmektedir. Yazma eserlerin içerisinde, en yoğun ve en ince müzehhebli sayfalar ise Mushaf-ı Şerif’lerde görülmektedir. Mushaf-ı Şerif’lerin zahriye, serlevha, sûrebaşları, hatime sayfası, gülleri ve durakları dönem bezeme üslûbu doğrultusunda eşsiz incelik ve güzellikte tezhip örnekleriyle bezenmiştir. Bu araştırma, tarama modelinde bir betimleme çalışmasıdır. Araştırmada, Bavyera Devlet Kütüphanesi’nde Al-Qurʾān- BSB Cod.arab.1 envanter numarasıyla açık erişimde yer alan Mushaf-ı Şerif’in müzehhep sayfalarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda tezhipli alanların teknik, motif, renk ve kompozisyon özellikleri incelenerek bugünkü durumu belgelenmeye çalışılmış, desenlerin bire bir çizimleri yapılmıştır. Mushaf’ın cild özellikleri belirlenmiş ancak desen net biçimde seçilemediğinden çizimleri yapılamamıştır. Sonuç olarak, Mushaf’ın zahriye, serlevha, sûrebaşları, hatime sayfası, gülleri ve durakları müzehhep olup dönem bezeme üslûbunu yansıtmaktadır. Mushaf’ın içinde yer alan bezemeler geometrik bezeme ve rumi üslûptadır. Bezemelerde altın hâkim olup kırmızı, beyaz, siyah, sülyen, yeşil, lacivert, açık mavi, turuncu gibi renkler kullanılmıştır. Sûrebaşı bezemelerinde uygulanan zeminleri kâğıt renginde bırakılmış münhani üslûplu boyama tarzı ile 14. yüzyıl Memlük sanatçısı Sandal ismiyle anılan Ebu Bekir’e atfedilen “Sandal” üslûbuyla benzerlikler gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Textual Authority and Modern Urdū Exegetical Interpretations

2025-06-20

Naveed Anjum | American Journal of Islam and Society

As a result of modernity and the emergence of gender studies, Islamic texts that discuss women and their status in Islam’s broader world-view have been revisited and re-interpreted. Traditional modes … As a result of modernity and the emergence of gender studies, Islamic texts that discuss women and their status in Islam’s broader world-view have been revisited and re-interpreted. Traditional modes of interpretations and cosmologies have been questioned and re-interpretations have been attempted. Modern subcontinental tafsīr literature has also experienced the impact of modernity, which in turn has led to the production of exegetical trends of a diverse and competing nature. Against this backdrop, this article takes up Q.4:34 as a case study because it is one of the most contested of these texts. The article critically evaluates some of the most significant and impactful Urdū exegetical trends in the literature of the modern subcontinent and analyze their methods and conclusions in relation to Q.4:34. This analysis provides us with a greater appreciate of the dynamics of textual authority, text reception and exegetes’ role in the process of meaning making. The article deliberates upon an important yet unexplored modern subcontinent exegetical trends, and attempts to fill the gap in context of Q.4:34.

Revisiting al-Ghazali’s Criticism on Scholastic Theology: An Examination of al-Munqidh Min al-Ḍalāl

2025-06-19

S.Ag. Mohamad Ali , Habeeb Muhammad | Indonesian Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society

The debate surrounding Ilm al-Kalam represents one of the enduring discourses in the Islamic intellectual tradition. While some scholars view it as an essential tool for safeguarding the creed through … The debate surrounding Ilm al-Kalam represents one of the enduring discourses in the Islamic intellectual tradition. While some scholars view it as an essential tool for safeguarding the creed through rational inquiry, others criticize it for prioritizing reason over divine revelation. This study employs a qualitative approach to explore Al-Ghazali’s contributions to the development of Ilm al-Kalam and critically examines his later critiques as articulated in his autobiographical work al-Munqidh min al-Ḍalāl. The findings reveal that Al-Ghazali, a central figure within the Ash‘arite tradition, significantly shaped Islamic theological discourse through his extensive writings and intellectual influence. However, in the latter part of his life, he presented three major criticisms of Ilm al-Kalam: first, the rejection of rationality as a primary source of religious knowledge; second, a critique of theologians’ methods of refutation, which often lack independent reasoning; and third, their tendency toward taqlid (blind imitation). This study concludes that Al-Ghazali’s critiques reflect an epistemological anxiety over the limitations of reason in comprehending divine realities. Therefore, a balanced theological approach is needed—one that integrates rational reflection with the authority of revelation—to navigate the boundaries of Islamic theological thought more effectively.

Democracy in the Framework of Shura: A Conceptual Study of Contemporary Muslim Intellectual Thought

2025-06-19

Ahmad Nabil Amir , Tasnim Abdul Rahman | Journal of Islamic Thought and Philosophy

The article highlights the intellectual response of contemporary Muslims on the philosophical construct and relational concept of democracy and shura. This was traced from selected writings of its advocates that … The article highlights the intellectual response of contemporary Muslims on the philosophical construct and relational concept of democracy and shura. This was traced from selected writings of its advocates that discussed philosophical and epistemological background and current democratic situation in the Muslim countries and its fundamental relations with Islamic political aspiration and its historical manifestation and scientific backdrop. The intellectual debate pertinent to the idea of democracy and its compatibility with Islamic principles were rigorously developed by Muslim activists and democrats represented by Rachid Ghannouchi, Ahmad Raysuni, Fazlur Rahman, Anwar Ibrahim, Siddiq Fadzil, Nurcholish Madjid, Mustafa Akyol, and etcetera. The study is based on qualitative approaches using descriptive and analytical technique. The finding shows the dynamic force of ideas formulated on the theoretical framework of democracy reinforced with textual evidence and in line with Islamic political principles (siyasah syariyyah) and its universal ummatic ideal (pax-Islamica). Its underlying structure was built upon universal ethical values that formed the basis of state ideology. It positively embraces its values and ideals projected in the context of nation-state, which uphold sublime vision toward shaping a sustainable, just and liberal order. Its approaches were in line with the principle of shura and constitutional ideas aiming to safeguard fundamental aspiration of the people and their legitimate right and interest and their collective voice.

MEMLÜKLER DÖNEMİNDE FIKIH-SİYASET İLİŞKİSİ

2025-06-19

Hasan Şakar | Kadim Akademi SBD

İslam hukuku ve siyaset arasındaki etkileşim, İslam medeniyet tarihi boyunca belli ölçüde kendini hep hissettirmiştir. Dönemin siyasal anlayışına ve İslam hukukçularının konumuna bağlı olarak bu etkileşim bazen zayıf, bazen de … İslam hukuku ve siyaset arasındaki etkileşim, İslam medeniyet tarihi boyunca belli ölçüde kendini hep hissettirmiştir. Dönemin siyasal anlayışına ve İslam hukukçularının konumuna bağlı olarak bu etkileşim bazen zayıf, bazen de güçlü bir şekilde vuku bulmuştur. Bu duruma birçok dönem örnek olarak zikredilebilir mahiyettedir. Ancak en bariz dönemlerden biri şüphesiz Memlükler devleti dönemidir. Memlükler dönemi uzun, hareketli ve çok dinamik bir dönem olması hasebiyle dikkat çekmiştir. Nitekim Memlükler, İslam dünyasını Moğol ve Haçlı seferlerine karşı dış cephede korurken, iç cephede de dinin ve siyasal otoritenin bir dengede tutulmasına özen göstermişlerdir. Dolayısıyla böyle aktif ve dinamik süreçler İslam hukuku, İslam tarihi vb. sahalarda özgün çalışma alanları sunmaktadır. İşte, Dr. Mehmet Aziz Yaşar’ın kaleme aldığı ve Doç. Dr. Veysi Ünverdi ile Doç. Dr. Selim Aslan’ın editörlüğünü yaptığı ‘‘Memlükler döneminde fıkıh-siyaset ilişkisi’’ adlı eser sözü edilen bu çalışmalardan bir tanesidir. Bu eser yaklaşık iki buçuk asır hüküm sürmüş (1250-1517) Memlükler’deki bu hareketli ve karmaşık durumu fıkıh-siyaset ilişkisi ekseninde ele almaktadır.

Challenging Gender Inequality through Qur’anic Reinterpretation: The Hermeneutics of Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid

2025-06-19

Maulida Khasanah , Moh. Nor Ichwan , Muhammad Yusuf Pratama | Indonesian Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society

Gender discrimination in contemporary Muslim societies is often rooted in literal interpretations of certain Qur’anic verses perceived as gender-biased, particularly those related to polygamy and inheritance. This study aims to … Gender discrimination in contemporary Muslim societies is often rooted in literal interpretations of certain Qur’anic verses perceived as gender-biased, particularly those related to polygamy and inheritance. This study aims to analyze and evaluate Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid’s hermeneutical approach in addressing gender issues within Qur’anic interpretation. Employing a qualitative method, the research utilizes a critical-comparative hermeneutic textual analysis by examining Abu Zaid’s major works alongside selected classical and modern exegeses. The findings indicate that Abu Zaid’s hermeneutics successfully trace the historical and cultural roots of gender bias in traditional interpretations. His approach provides an alternative framework for reinterpretation that considers socio-historical contexts, allowing for a more equitable and dynamic understanding of Qur’anic messages. Abu Zaid differentiates between the divine text and its historically constructed interpretations, advocating for a reinterpretation that aligns with evolving social realities and the principles of justice and equality. This study affirms that religious texts are inherently dynamic and open to reinterpretation, especially when read through a contextual and gender-conscious lens. Abu Zaid’s hermeneutics contribute significantly to the development of a progressive methodology in Qur’anic exegesis, offering critical insights for addressing gender justice in modern Muslim contexts. Consequently, this research introduces a renewed perspective in the discourse of gender and Islamic hermeneutics that is both theologically grounded and socially responsive

İran’da Muhafazakârlar ve Reformistler Arasında Siyasal Mücadelenin Dönüşen Dinamikleri

2025-06-18

Alper Kasımoğlu | İran Çalışmaları Dergisi

1979 İran İslam Devrimi, ülkeyi monarşiden İslam hukuku ve Şii teolojisine dayalı teokratik bir yapıya dönüştürmüştür. Velayet-i Fakih doktrini temelinde şekillenen bu sistem, muhafazakârlarla reformistler arasındaki çatışmanın merkezi haline gelmiştir. … 1979 İran İslam Devrimi, ülkeyi monarşiden İslam hukuku ve Şii teolojisine dayalı teokratik bir yapıya dönüştürmüştür. Velayet-i Fakih doktrini temelinde şekillenen bu sistem, muhafazakârlarla reformistler arasındaki çatışmanın merkezi haline gelmiştir. Muhafazakârlar, devrimin değerlerini koruma amacıyla yargı, güvenlik güçleri, medya ve çeşitli kurumlar üzerinde güçlü bir kontrol sağlamış; reformistler ise 1980’lerden itibaren demokratik bir yapıya geçiş talepleriyle entelektüel çevrelerden ve farklı toplumsal kesimlerden geniş destek bulmuştur. Hatemi’nin 1997’de cumhurbaşkanı seçilmesiyle, reform hareketi ivme kazanmışsa da bu girişimler muhafazakârların müdahaleleriyle sınırlanmıştır. 2009’daki Yeşil Hareket, rejimin meşruiyetine yönelik ciddi bir meydan okuma olmuş; ancak Ruhani’nin 2013-2021 dönemindeki ılımlı politikaları, muhafazakâr baskılar nedeniyle tam anlamıyla hayata geçirilememiştir. 2021’de Reisi’nin cumhurbaşkanı seçilmesiyle muhafazakârlar, devlet üzerindeki kontrollerini yeniden pekiştirmiştir. 2024’te ise Pezeşkiyan’ın zaferi, reformistlerin yeniden güç kazanma potansiyelini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma, muhafazakârların teokratik meşruiyeti koruma çabaları ile reformistlerin demokratik meşruiyet talebi arasındaki çatışmanın İran’ın siyasal, sosyal ve ideolojik dengeleri üzerindeki etkilerini kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz etmektedir.

Artificial Intelligence and the Islamic Theology of Technology: From “Means” to “Meanings” and from “Minds” to “Hearts”

2025-06-18

Mohammed Gamal Abdelnour | Religions

Muslim responses to Artificial Intellgence (AI) have so far focused mainly on how it challenges the human “mind”. This paper moves from the “mind” to the “heart”, which, in Islam, … Muslim responses to Artificial Intellgence (AI) have so far focused mainly on how it challenges the human “mind”. This paper moves from the “mind” to the “heart”, which, in Islam, is not only a vessel of emotion but a cognitive, moral and spiritual centre. Charting a path between cynicism and optimism, the article proposes a third track: critical, hopeful, and ethically grounded. Utilizing indigenous Islamic concepts (e.g., ijtihād “independent reasoning”, maṣlaḥah mursalah “unrestricted public interest”, and sadd al-dharā’iʿ “blocking the means to harm”), it advocates a bottom-up approach that focuses not just on managing AI, but on shaping “who” we are in the AI age, calling for a moral vision rooted in intentionality (niyyah), moral clarity, and individual-cum-collective responsibility.

İran Devrimi’ni Türkiye’den Okumak: Yeniden Millî Mücadele ve Tevhid Dergileri Özelinde Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz

2025-06-18

Elif Yazıcı | İran Çalışmaları Dergisi

1979 yılında meydana gelen İran İslam Devrimi, şüphesiz 20. yüzyılın dini motivasyonlu önemli siyasi olaylarından biridir. Pehlevi rejimi altında varlık göstermeye çalışan Şii ulemanın Muhafazakârlar, Merkezciler ve Radikaller olarak üç … 1979 yılında meydana gelen İran İslam Devrimi, şüphesiz 20. yüzyılın dini motivasyonlu önemli siyasi olaylarından biridir. Pehlevi rejimi altında varlık göstermeye çalışan Şii ulemanın Muhafazakârlar, Merkezciler ve Radikaller olarak üç ayrı gruba ayrıldığı görülmektedir. Radikaller olarak adlandırılan ve Ayetullah Humeyni’nin baş aktörlüğünü yaptığı grup, öncesinde Ak Devrime karşı çıkmış ve sonrasında yönetime baş kaldırarak 1979 yılında İran İslam Devrimini gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Bu devrimle birlikte İran’da Pehlevi rejiminin mirası olarak görülebilecek birçok unsur, Humeyni’nin getirmiş olduğu Velayet-i Fakih teorisi ve Şii din düşüncesinin lokomotifliğini yaptığı bir dönüşüm kampanyası yaşayarak İran’ın sosyal ve siyasal atmosferinden dışlanmıştır. İran’da devrimin başarılı bir şekilde neticelenmiş olması ve getirdiği yeni din-şeriat eksenli yaşam tarzı, çevre Müslüman toplumları tarafından çeşitli şekillerde değerlendirilmiştir. Dönemin basın yayın organlarında İran İslam Devrimini konu alan çokça yazı ve analiz yayınlanmış ve devrim olumlu ve olumsuz değerlendirmelerle dünya gündemini uzun bir süre meşgul etmiştir. İran Devrimini ilgi ile takip eden ülkelerden biri de Türkiye olup özellikle dönemin İslamcı dergileri, devrim sürecini sayılarında çokça işlemişlerdir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de yayımlanıp devrimi konu edinen 1978-80 arası dergiler taranmış ve aralarından devrime iki farklı bakış açısı getiren Yeniden Millî Mücadele ve Tevhid dergileri seçilerek Türk kamuoyunun bir kısmının devrime olan yaklaşımı ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır.

Gulâm Huseyn Sâidî’nin Top Adlı Romanında İran’da Meşrutiyet Dönemi

2025-06-18

Melike Şeker | İran Çalışmaları Dergisi

İran edebiyatının önemli isimlerinden Gulâm Huseyn Sâidî’nin Top adlı romanı, İran tarihinin meşrutiyete geçiş dönemine ilişkin tarihsel anlatıları farklı bir bağlamda yorumlama imkânı tanıyan edebi bir eserdir. 19. yüzyıl tarihsel … İran edebiyatının önemli isimlerinden Gulâm Huseyn Sâidî’nin Top adlı romanı, İran tarihinin meşrutiyete geçiş dönemine ilişkin tarihsel anlatıları farklı bir bağlamda yorumlama imkânı tanıyan edebi bir eserdir. 19. yüzyıl tarihsel koşullarında günümüz İranı’nın Azerbaycan bölgesinde Meşrutiyet döneminin etkilerini tasvir eden Sâidî romanında değişimi top metaforu ile işlemektedir. Romanda anlatının merkezinde bulunan top metaforu hem çağın yeniliklerini hem de halkın çağın yeniliklerine karşı muhalefetini temsil etmektedir. İran tarihinin önemli bir dönemini işleyen roman ekonomi-politik dönüşümlerin toplumsal süreçlere etkisini konu edinmektedir. İran’a kuzey bölgesinden komşu Çarlık Rusya’nın sömürgeci bir güç olarak nüfuz alanını genişletme politikasının etkisi bağlamında işleyen roman, Avrupa merkezli kapitalist ekonominin Rusya aracılığıyla bölgede neden olduğu dönüşümlerin dinamiklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu yönüyle Sâidî’nin romanı edebi bir eser olmanın ötesinde tarihsel bir döneme ışık tutan önemli kaynak niteliğindedir. Bu makale, Gulâm Huseyn Sâidî’nin Top isimli romanını İran’ın Meşrutiyet dönemine geçiş süreciyle ilişkili ele alarak yaşanan toplumsal ve siyasal dönüşümlerin makro-tarihsel koşullarla ilişkisini kurmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışma, Çarlık Rusya’nın İran coğrafyasındaki sömürgeci etkisini romanın olay örgüsünün geçtiği İran’ın kuzeybatı Azerbaycan bölgesindeki politikaları kapsamında ele almaktadır.

A semiotic analysis of the tolerance boundaries in Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’ān in Fuṣṣilat verse 34

2025-06-17

Devi Suci Windariyah | DIGLOSIA Jurnal Kajian Bahasa Sastra dan Pengajarannya

This research analyzes the limits of tolerance in Sayyid Qutb's Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’ān using Roland Barthes' semiotic approach. The phenomenon of religious tolerance in this tafsir reflects the need for … This research analyzes the limits of tolerance in Sayyid Qutb's Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’ān using Roland Barthes' semiotic approach. The phenomenon of religious tolerance in this tafsir reflects the need for clear boundaries for Muslims in dealing with differences, especially in the midst of conflict over the meaning of tolerance between Western and Islamic perspectives. Roland Barthes' semiotic method is used to identify and interpret the three levels of meaning in the tafsir, namely denotation, connotation, and myth. The main findings show that the limits of tolerance in Islam include the ability to distinguish between good and evil, limiting tolerance to personal issues without involving aqidah, and rejecting evil with good patiently and wisely. The study concludes that the connotative and mythical meanings in this text serve as profound social advice, which not only maintains religious values but also supports social harmony. The contribution of this research is to enrich semiotic studies in Islamic studies, especially in the context of tolerance. This research is relevant for understanding the limits of tolerance that can be applied in a global and multicultural context, as well as strengthening the relationship between semiotic theory and Qur'anic interpretation.

Mohammadhossein Mohammadisiahroudi

2025-06-17

Mohammadhossein Mohammadisiahroudi | Authors group

Spirit and Charm of the Six Dynasties

2025-06-17

Jixiang Peng , Zhang Fa | Routledge eBooks

Constant and Inconstant Political Systems in Radhwa Ashour's Novels

2025-06-17

Nisreen Kayoush Abd Awn , Prof. Dr. Musa Khabit Al-Qaisi | Journal of Posthumanism

The present study tackles an important problem related to the societal structure, namely the problem of the ruler and the ruled and the relationship between them, which is often based … The present study tackles an important problem related to the societal structure, namely the problem of the ruler and the ruled and the relationship between them, which is often based on political tyranny by the authorities and subjugation by the ruled. This problem has resulted in a single authoritarian discourse that does not accept criticism or opposition. Several roots have contributed to its formation, some of which are connected to Eastern civilization and people's beliefs about legislative authority and the enactment of laws as being linked to sacred authority. Others are the result of the residues of colonialism, which contributed to the consolidation of the policy of subjugation. Thus, authority became a symbol of order and stability that could not be rebelled against. Submission to authority became a constant system entrenched in the mental structure of societies, as an absolute truth that cannot be criticized. In its approach, the present study aims to uncover these systems as constants and attempt to build a different awareness that establishes the basis for transformation. The application of this approach is found in the novels of Radhwa Ashour, whose writings address many issues that seek to deconstruct and undermine centralized structures, and to build a different consciousness capable of objective criticism, establishing a different reality where individuals enjoy freedom and creativity.

Ghulam Shams-ur-Rehman (ed. and trans.): The Foundations of Sufism. An Annotated Translation of Qawāʿid al-Taṣawwuf by Shaykh Aḥmad Zarrūq al-Fāsī (d. 899/1493)(Studies on Sufism 10.) xiv, 234 pp. Leiden: Brill, 2025. ISBN 978 90 04 54008 8.

2025-06-17

Knut S. Vikør | Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies