Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure

Works Count: 58349

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Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the integration of electric vehicles into power systems, including topics such as vehicle-to-grid technology, charging infrastructure, renewable energy integration, grid impact, battery technology, consumer adoption, smart grid interactions, life cycle assessment, and sustainability.

Keywords

Electric Vehicles; Vehicle-to-Grid; Charging Infrastructure; Renewable Energy Integration; Grid Impact; Battery Technology; Consumer Adoption; Smart Grid; Life Cycle Assessment; Sustainability

Transportation energy data book

2008-01-01

Stacy Cagle Davis , Susan W Diegel , Robert Gary Boundy

The Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 11 is a statistical compendium prepared and published by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) under contract with the Office of Transportation Technologies in the … The Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 11 is a statistical compendium prepared and published by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) under contract with the Office of Transportation Technologies in the Department of Energy (DOE). Designed for use as a desk-top reference, the data book represents an assembly and display of statistics and information that characterize transportation activity, and presents data on other factors that influence transportation energy use. The purpose of this document is to present relevant statistical data in the form of tables and graphs. Each of the major transportation modes - highway, air, water, rail, pipeline - is treated in separate chapters or sections. Chapter 1 compares US transportation data with data from seven other countries. Aggregate energy use and energy supply data for all modes are presented in Chapter 2. The highway mode, which accounts for over three-fourths of total transportation energy consumption, is dealt with in Chapter 3. Topics in this chapter include automobiles, trucks, buses, fleet automobiles, federal standards, fuel economies, and household data. Chapter 4 is a new addition to the data book series, containing information on alternative fuels and alternatively-fueled vehicles. The last chapter, Chapter 5, covers each of the nonhighway modes: air,more » water, pipeline, and rail, respectively. 92 figs., 112 tabs.« less

Electric vehicles and smart grid interaction: A review on vehicle to grid and renewable energy sources integration

2014-04-03

Francis Mwasilu , Jackson J. Justo , Eun‐Kyung Kim +2 more

Life Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles: Implications for Policy

2008-04-05

Constantine Samaras , Kyle Meisterling

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), which use electricity from the grid to power a portion of travel, could play a role in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport … Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), which use electricity from the grid to power a portion of travel, could play a role in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector. However, meaningful GHG emissions reductions with PHEVs are conditional on low-carbon electricity sources. We assess life cycle GHG emissions from PHEVs and find that they reduce GHG emissions by 32% compared to conventional vehicles, but have small reductions compared to traditional hybrids. Batteries are an important component of PHEVs, and GHGs associated with lithium-ion battery materials and production account for 2–5% of life cycle emissions from PHEVs. We consider cellulosic ethanol use and various carbon intensities of electricity. The reduced liquid fuel requirements of PHEVs could leverage limited cellulosic ethanol resources. Electricity generation infrastructure is long-lived, and technology decisions within the next decade about electricity supplies in the power sector will affect the potential for large GHG emissions reductions with PHEVs for several decades.

A Survey on the Electrification of Transportation in a Smart Grid Environment

2011-10-18

Wencong Su , Habiballah Rahimi-Eichi , Wente Zeng +1 more

Economics and environmental incentives, as well as advances in technology, are reshaping the traditional view of industrial systems. The anticipation of a large penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) … Economics and environmental incentives, as well as advances in technology, are reshaping the traditional view of industrial systems. The anticipation of a large penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) into the market brings up many technical problems that are highly related to industrial information technologies within the next ten years. There is a need for an in-depth understanding of the electrification of transportation in the industrial environment. It is important to consolidate the practical and the conceptual knowledge of industrial informatics in order to support the emerging electric vehicle (EV) technologies. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the electrification of transportation in an industrial environment. In addition, it provides a comprehensive survey of the EVs in the field of industrial informatics systems, namely: 1) charging infrastructure and PHEV/PEV batteries; 2) intelligent energy management; 3) vehicle-to-grid; and 4) communication requirements. Moreover, this paper presents a future perspective of industrial information technologies to accelerate the market introduction and penetration of advanced electric drive vehicles.

Rapidly falling costs of battery packs for electric vehicles

2015-03-20

Björn Nykvist , Måns Nilsson

Mainstream consumers driving plug-in battery-electric and plug-in hybrid electric cars: A qualitative analysis of responses and evaluations

2011-10-18

Ella Graham-Rowe , Benjamin Gardner , Charles Abraham +4 more

Beyond batteries: An examination of the benefits and barriers to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) transition

2008-12-31

Benjamin K. Sovacool , Richard F. Hirsh

Development of an Optimal Vehicle-to-Grid Aggregator for Frequency Regulation

2010-04-14

Sekyung Han , Soohee Han , Kaoru Sezaki

For vehicle-to-grid (V2G) frequency regulation services, we propose an aggregator that makes efficient use of the distributed power of electric vehicles to produce the desired grid-scale power. The cost arising … For vehicle-to-grid (V2G) frequency regulation services, we propose an aggregator that makes efficient use of the distributed power of electric vehicles to produce the desired grid-scale power. The cost arising from the battery charging and the revenue obtained by providing the regulation are investigated and represented mathematically. Some design considerations of the aggregator are also discussed together with practical constraints such as the energy restriction of the batteries. The cost function with constraints enables us to construct an optimization problem. Based on the developed optimization problem, we apply the dynamic programming algorithm to compute the optimal charging control for each vehicle. Finally, simulations are provided to illustrate the optimality of the proposed charging control strategy with variations of parameters.

The impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on distribution networks: A review and outlook

2010-08-31

Robert Green , Lingfeng Wang , Mansoor Alam

Battery energy storage technology for power systems—An overview

2008-12-12

K. Divya , Jacob Østergaard

Optimal Scheduling of Vehicle-to-Grid Energy and Ancillary Services

2011-09-23

Eric Sortomme , M.A. El-Sharkawi

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G), the provision of energy and ancillary services from an electric vehicle (EV) to the grid, has the potential to offer financial benefits to EV owners and system benefits … Vehicle-to-grid (V2G), the provision of energy and ancillary services from an electric vehicle (EV) to the grid, has the potential to offer financial benefits to EV owners and system benefits to utilities. In this work a V2G algorithm is developed to optimize energy and ancillary services scheduling. The ancillary services considered are load regulation and spinning reserves. The algorithm is developed to be used by an aggregator, which may be a utility or a third party. This algorithm maximizes profits to the aggregator while providing additional system flexibility and peak load shaving to the utility and low costs of EV charging to the customer. The formulation also takes into account unplanned EV departures during the contract periods and compensates accordingly. Simulations using a hypothetical group of 10 000 commuter EVs in the ERCOT system using different battery replacement costs demonstrate these significant benefits.

Electric vehicles as a new power source for electric utilities

1997-09-01

Willett Kempton , Steven Letendre

Barriers to widespread adoption of electric vehicles: An analysis of consumer attitudes and perceptions

2012-06-27

Ona Egbue , Suzanna Long

Review of the Impact of Vehicle-to-Grid Technologies on Distribution Systems and Utility Interfaces

2012-11-15

Murat Yılmaz , Philip T. Krein

Plug-in vehicles can behave either as loads or as a distributed energy and power resource in a concept known as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) connection. This paper reviews the current status and … Plug-in vehicles can behave either as loads or as a distributed energy and power resource in a concept known as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) connection. This paper reviews the current status and implementation impact of V2G/grid-to-vehicle (G2V) technologies on distributed systems, requirements, benefits, challenges, and strategies for V2G interfaces of both individual vehicles and fleets. The V2G concept can improve the performance of the electricity grid in areas such as efficiency, stability, and reliability. A V2G-capable vehicle offers reactive power support, active power regulation, tracking of variable renewable energy sources, load balancing, and current harmonic filtering. These technologies can enable ancillary services, such as voltage and frequency control and spinning reserve. Costs of V2G include battery degradation, the need for intensive communication between the vehicles and the grid, effects on grid distribution equipment, infrastructure changes, and social, political, cultural, and technical obstacles. Although V2G operation can reduce the lifetime of vehicle batteries, it is projected to become economical for vehicle owners and grid operators. Components and unidirectional/bidirectional power flow technologies of V2G systems, individual and aggregated structures, and charging/recharging frequency and strategies (uncoordinated/coordinated smart) are addressed. Three elements are required for successful V2G operation: power connection to the grid, control and communication between vehicles and the grid operator, and on-board/off-board intelligent metering. Success of the V2G concept depends on standardization of requirements and infrastructure decisions, battery technology, and efficient and smart scheduling of limited fast-charge infrastructure. A charging/discharging infrastructure must be deployed. Economic benefits of V2G technologies depend on vehicle aggregation and charging/recharging frequency and strategies. The benefits will receive increased attention from grid operators and vehicle owners in the future.

Vehicle-to-grid power implementation: From stabilizing the grid to supporting large-scale renewable energy

2005-04-13

Willett Kempton , J. Tomić

Advances in consumer electric vehicle adoption research: A review and research agenda

2014-11-14

Zeinab Rezvani , Johan Jansson , Jan Bodin

In spite of the purported positive environmental consequences of electrifying the light duty vehicle fleet, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) in use is still insignificant. One reason for the … In spite of the purported positive environmental consequences of electrifying the light duty vehicle fleet, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) in use is still insignificant. One reason for the modest adoption figures is that the mass acceptance of EVs to a large extent is reliant on consumers' perception of EVs. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the drivers for and barriers against consumer adoption of plug-in EVs, as well as an overview of the theoretical perspectives that have been utilized for understanding consumer intentions and adoption behavior towards EVs. In addition, we identify gaps and limitations in existing research and suggest areas in which future research would be able to contribute.

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Electric vehicles and the electric grid: A review of modeling approaches, Impacts, and renewable energy integration

2012-12-11

David B. Richardson

An Optimized EV Charging Model Considering TOU Price and SOC Curve

2011-08-15

Yijia Cao , Shengwei Tang , Canbing Li +4 more

Large-scale deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) is anticipated in the foreseeable future. Heavy intermittent charging load of EVs will create bottlenecks in supplying capacity and expose power system to severe … Large-scale deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) is anticipated in the foreseeable future. Heavy intermittent charging load of EVs will create bottlenecks in supplying capacity and expose power system to severe security risks. In this paper, we propose an intelligent method to control EV charging loads in response to time-of-use (TOU) price in a regulated market. First, an optimized charging model is formulated to minimize the charging cost. Then, a heuristic method is implemented to minimize the charging cost considering the relation between the acceptable charging power of EV battery and the state of charge (SOC). Finally, the charging cost and energy demand in different time intervals are compared for both typical charging pattern and optimized charging pattern. Results show that the optimized charging pattern has great benefit in reducing cost and flatting the load curve if the peak and valley time periods are partitioned appropriately.

A conceptual framework for the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) implementation

2009-06-14

Christophe Guille , George Gross

Opportunities and Challenges of Vehicle-to-Home, Vehicle-to-Vehicle, and Vehicle-to-Grid Technologies

2013-07-30

Chunhua Liu , K. T. Chau , Diyun Wu +1 more

Electric vehicles (EVs) are regarded as one of the most effective tools to reduce the oil demands and gas emissions. And they are welcome in the near future for general … Electric vehicles (EVs) are regarded as one of the most effective tools to reduce the oil demands and gas emissions. And they are welcome in the near future for general road transportation. When EVs are connected to the power grid for charging and/or discharging, they become gridable EVs (GEVs). These GEVs will bring a great impact to our society and thus human life. This paper investigates and discusses the opportunities and challenges of GEVs connecting with the grid, namely, the vehicle-to-home (V2H), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies. The key is to provide the methodologies, approaches, and foresights for the emerging technologies of V2H, V2V, and V2G.

Decentralized Charging Control of Large Populations of Plug-in Electric Vehicles

2011-11-17

Zhongjing Ma , Duncan S. Callaway , Ian A. Hiskens

This paper develops a strategy to coordinate the charging of autonomous plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) using concepts from non-cooperative games. The foundation of the paper is a model that assumes … This paper develops a strategy to coordinate the charging of autonomous plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) using concepts from non-cooperative games. The foundation of the paper is a model that assumes PEVs are cost-minimizing and weakly coupled via a common electricity price. At a Nash equilibrium, each PEV reacts optimally with respect to a commonly observed charging trajectory that is the average of all PEV strategies. This average is given by the solution of a fixed point problem in the limit of infinite population size. The ideal solution minimizes electricity generation costs by scheduling PEV demand to fill the overnight non-PEV demand "valley". The paper's central theoretical result is a proof of the existence of a unique Nash equilibrium that almost satisfies that ideal. This result is accompanied by a decentralized computational algorithm and a proof that the algorithm converges to the Nash equilibrium in the infinite system limit. Several numerical examples are used to illustrate the performance of the solution strategy for finite populations. The examples demonstrate that convergence to the Nash equilibrium occurs very quickly over a broad range of parameters, and suggest this method could be useful in situations where frequent communication with PEVs is not possible. The method is useful in applications where fully centralized control is not possible, but where optimal or near-optimal charging patterns are essential to system operation.

Integration of Electric Vehicles in the Electric Power System

2010-10-05

João Peças Lopes , Filipe Soares , P. M. Rocha Almeida

This paper presents a conceptual framework to successfully integrate electric vehicles into electric power systems. The proposed framework covers two different domains: the grid technical operation and the electricity markets … This paper presents a conceptual framework to successfully integrate electric vehicles into electric power systems. The proposed framework covers two different domains: the grid technical operation and the electricity markets environment. All the players involved in both these processes, as well as their activities, are described in detail. Additionally, several simulations are presented in order to illustrate the potential impacts/benefits arising from the electric vehicles grid integration under the referred framework, comprising steady-state and dynamic behavior analysis.

Plug-in Vehicles and Renewable Energy Sources for Cost and Emission Reductions

2010-04-14

Ahmed Yousuf Saber , Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy

The electricity and transportation industries are the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions on Earth. Renewable energy, mainly wind and solar, can reduce emission from the electricity industry (mainly from … The electricity and transportation industries are the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions on Earth. Renewable energy, mainly wind and solar, can reduce emission from the electricity industry (mainly from power plants). Likewise, next-generation plug-in vehicles, which include plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EVs) and EVs with vehicle-to-grid capability, referred to as "gridable vehicles" (GVs) by the authors, can reduce emission from the transportation industry. GVs can be used as loads, energy sources (small portable power plants), and energy storages in a smart grid integrated with renewable energy sources (RESs). Smart grid operation to reduce both cost and emission simultaneously is a very complex task considering smart charging and discharging of GVs in a distributed energy source and load environment. If a large number of GVs is connected to the electric grid randomly, peak load will be very high. The use of traditional thermal power plants will be economically and environmentally expensive to support the electrified transportation. The intelligent scheduling and control of GVs as loads and/or sources have great potential for evolving a sustainable integrated electricity and transportation infrastructure. Cost and emission reductions in a smart grid by maximum utilization of GVs and RESs are presented in this paper. Possible models for GV applications, including the smart grid model, are given, and results are presented. The smart grid model offers the best potential for maximum utilization of RESs to reduce cost and emission from the electricity industry.

Using fleets of electric-drive vehicles for grid support

2007-03-13

J. Tomić , Willett Kempton

Real-Time Coordination of Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging in Smart Grids to Minimize Power Losses and Improve Voltage Profile

2011-08-25

Sara Deilami , Amir S. Masoum , Paul Moses +1 more

This paper proposes a novel load management solution for coordinating the charging of multiple plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in a smart grid system. Utilities are becoming concerned about the potential … This paper proposes a novel load management solution for coordinating the charging of multiple plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in a smart grid system. Utilities are becoming concerned about the potential stresses, performance degradations and overloads that may occur in distribution systems with multiple domestic PEV charging activities. Uncontrolled and random PEV charging can cause increased power losses, overloads and voltage fluctuations, which are all detrimental to the reliability and security of newly developing smart grids. Therefore, a real-time smart load management (RT-SLM) control strategy is proposed and developed for the coordination of PEV charging based on real-time (e.g., every 5 min) minimization of total cost of generating the energy plus the associated grid energy losses. The approach reduces generation cost by incorporating time-varying market energy prices and PEV owner preferred charging time zones based on priority selection. The RT-SLM algorithm appropriately considers random plug-in of PEVs and utilizes the maximum sensitivities selection (MSS) optimization. This approach enables PEVs to begin charging as soon as possible considering priority-charging time zones while complying with network operation criteria (such as losses, generation limits, and voltage profile). Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of SLM for the modified IEEE 23 kV distribution system connected to several low voltage residential networks populated with PEVs.

Coordinated Charging of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles to Minimize Distribution System Losses

2010-12-14

Eric Sortomme , M. M. Hindi , Scott Macpherson +1 more

As the number of plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) increases, so might the impacts on the power system performance, such as overloading, reduced efficiency, power quality, and voltage regulation particularly at … As the number of plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) increases, so might the impacts on the power system performance, such as overloading, reduced efficiency, power quality, and voltage regulation particularly at the distribution level. Coordinated charging of PHEVs is a possible solution to these problems. In this work, the relationship between feeder losses, load factor, and load variance is explored in the context of coordinated PHEV charging. From these relationships, three optimal charging algorithms are developed which minimize the impacts of PHEV charging on the connected distribution system. The application of the algorithms to two test systems verifies these relationships approximately hold independent of system topology. They also show the additional benefits of reduced computation time and problem convexity when using load factor or load variance as the objective function rather than system losses. This is important for real-time dispatching of PHEVs.

Modeling of Load Demand Due to EV Battery Charging in Distribution Systems

2010-08-05

Kejun Qian , Chengke Zhou , Malcolm Allan +1 more

This paper presents a methodology for modeling and analyzing the load demand in a distribution system due to electric vehicle (EV) battery charging. Following a brief introduction to the common … This paper presents a methodology for modeling and analyzing the load demand in a distribution system due to electric vehicle (EV) battery charging. Following a brief introduction to the common types of EV batteries and their charging characteristics, an analytical solution for predicting the EV charging load is developed. The method is stochastically formulated so as to account for the stochastic nature of the start time of individual battery charging and the initial battery state-of-charge. A comparative study is carried out by simulating four EV charging scenarios, i.e., uncontrolled domestic charging, uncontrolled off-peak domestic charging, "smart" domestic charging and uncontrolled public charging-commuters capable of recharging at the workplace. The proposed four EVs charging scenarios take into account the expected future changes to the electricity tariffs in the electricity market place and appropriate regulation of EVs battery charging loads. A typical U.K. distribution system is adopted as an example. The time-series data of EV charging loads is taken from two commercially available EV batteries: lead-acid and lithium-ion. Results show that a 10% market penetration of EVs in the studied system would result in an increase in daily peak demand by up to 17.9%, while a 20% level of EV penetration would lead to a 35.8% increase in peak load, for the scenario of uncontrolled domestic charging-the "worst-case" scenario.

Optimal decentralized protocol for electric vehicle charging

2013-05-01

Lingwen Gan , Ufuk Topcu , Steven H. Low

Motivated by the power-grid-side challenges in the integration of electric vehicles, we propose a decentralized protocol for negotiating day-ahead charging schedules for electric vehicles.The overall goal is to shift the … Motivated by the power-grid-side challenges in the integration of electric vehicles, we propose a decentralized protocol for negotiating day-ahead charging schedules for electric vehicles.The overall goal is to shift the load due to electric vehicles to fill the overnight electricity demand valley.In each iteration of the proposed protocol, electric vehicles choose their own charging profiles for the following day according to the price profile broadcast by the utility, and the utility updates the price profile to guide their behavior.This protocol is guaranteed to converge, irrespective of the specifications (e.g., maximum charging rate and deadline) of electric vehicles.At convergence, the l2 norm of the aggregated demand is minimized, and the aggregated demand profile is as "flat" as it can possibly be.The proposed protocol needs no coordination among the electric vehicles, hence requires low communication and computation capability.Simulation results demonstrate convergence to optimal collections of charging profiles within few iterations.

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Integration of renewable energy into the transport and electricity sectors through V2G

2008-07-22

Henrik Lund , Willett Kempton

Assessment of the Impact of Plug-in Electric Vehicles on Distribution Networks

2010-05-28

Luis Pieltain Fernandez , Tomás Gómez San Román , Rafael Cossent +2 more

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) present environmental and energy security advantages versus conventional gasoline vehicles. In the near future, the number of plug-in electric vehicles will likely grow significantly in the … Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) present environmental and energy security advantages versus conventional gasoline vehicles. In the near future, the number of plug-in electric vehicles will likely grow significantly in the world. Despite the aforementioned advantages, the connection of PEV to the power grid poses a series of new challenges for electric utilities. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach for evaluating the impact of different levels of PEV penetration on distribution network investment and incremental energy losses. The proposed approach is based on the use of a large-scale distribution planning model which is used to analyze two real distribution areas. Obtained results show that depending on the charging strategies, investment costs can increase up to 15% of total actual distribution network investment costs, and energy losses can increase up to 40% in off-peak hours for a scenario with 60% of total vehicles being PEV.

Optimal Charge Control of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Deregulated Electricity Markets

2010-11-18

Niklas Rotering , Marija Ilić

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are a midterm solution to reduce the transportation sector's dependency on oil. However, if implemented in a large scale without control, peak load increases significantly and … Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are a midterm solution to reduce the transportation sector's dependency on oil. However, if implemented in a large scale without control, peak load increases significantly and the grid may be overloaded. Two algorithms to address this problem are proposed and analyzed. Both are based on a forecast of future electricity prices and use dynamic programming to find the economically optimal solution for the vehicle owner. The first optimizes the charging time and energy flows. It reduces daily electricity cost substantially without increasing battery degradation. The latter also takes into account vehicle to grid support as a means of generating additional profits by participating in ancillary service markets. Constraints caused by vehicle utilization as well as technical limitations are taken into account. An analysis, based on data of the California independent system operator, indicates that smart charge timing reduces daily electricity costs for driving from $0.43 to $0.2. Provision of regulating power substantially improves plug-in hybrid electric vehicle economics and the daily profits amount to $1.71, including the cost of driving.

The influence of financial incentives and other socio-economic factors on electric vehicle adoption

2014-02-15

William Sierzchula , Sjoerd Bakker , Kees Maat +1 more

Optimal Planning of Electric-Vehicle Charging Stations in Distribution Systems

2012-11-27

Zhipeng Liu , Fushuan Wen , Gerard Ledwich

With the progressive exhaustion of fossil energy and the enhanced awareness of environmental protection, more attention is being paid to electric vehicles (EVs). Inappropriate siting and sizing of EV charging … With the progressive exhaustion of fossil energy and the enhanced awareness of environmental protection, more attention is being paid to electric vehicles (EVs). Inappropriate siting and sizing of EV charging stations could have negative effects on the development of EVs, the layout of the city traffic network, and the convenience of EVs' drivers, and lead to an increase in network losses and a degradation in voltage profiles at some nodes. Given this background, the optimal sites of EV charging stations are first identified by a two-step screening method with environmental factors and service radius of EV charging stations considered. Then, a mathematical model for the optimal sizing of EV charging stations is developed with the minimization of total cost associated with EV charging stations to be planned as the objective function and solved by a modified primal-dual interior point algorithm (MPDIPA). Finally, simulation results of the IEEE 123-node test feeder have demonstrated that the developed model and method cannot only attain the reasonable planning scheme of EV charging stations, but also reduce the network loss and improve the voltage profile.

Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: Calculating capacity and net revenue

2005-04-13

Willett Kempton , J. Tomić

Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security

2008-12-02

Mark Z. Jacobson

This paper reviews and ranks major proposed energy-related solutions to global warming, air pollution mortality, and energy security while considering other impacts of the proposed solutions, such as on water … This paper reviews and ranks major proposed energy-related solutions to global warming, air pollution mortality, and energy security while considering other impacts of the proposed solutions, such as on water supply, land use, wildlife, resource availability, thermal pollution, water chemical pollution, nuclear proliferation, and undernutrition. Nine electric power sources and two liquid fuel options are considered. The electricity sources include solar-photovoltaics (PV), concentrated solar power (CSP), wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, wave, tidal, nuclear, and coal with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. The liquid fuel options include corn-ethanol (E85) and cellulosic-E85. To place the electric and liquid fuel sources on an equal footing, we examine their comparative abilities to address the problems mentioned by powering new-technology vehicles, including battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs), and flex-fuel vehicles run on E85. Twelve combinations of energy source-vehicle type are considered. Upon ranking and weighting each combination with respect to each of 11 impact categories, four clear divisions of ranking, or tiers, emerge. Tier 1 (highest-ranked) includes wind-BEVs and wind-HFCVs. Tier 2 includes CSP-BEVs, geothermal-BEVs, PV-BEVs, tidal-BEVs, and wave-BEVs. Tier 3 includes hydro-BEVs, nuclear-BEVs, and CCS-BEVs. Tier 4 includes corn- and cellulosic-E85. Wind-BEVs ranked first in seven out of 11 categories, including the two most important, mortality and climate damage reduction. Although HFCVs are much less efficient than BEVs, wind-HFCVs are still very clean and were ranked second among all combinations. Tier 2 options provide significant benefits and are recommended. Tier 3 options are less desirable. However, hydroelectricity, which was ranked ahead of coal-CCS and nuclear with respect to climate and health, is an excellent load balancer, thus recommended. The Tier 4 combinations (cellulosic- and corn-E85) were ranked lowest overall and with respect to climate, air pollution, land use, wildlife damage, and chemical waste. Cellulosic-E85 ranked lower than corn-E85 overall, primarily due to its potentially larger land footprint based on new data and its higher upstream air pollution emissions than corn-E85. Whereas cellulosic-E85 may cause the greatest average human mortality, nuclear-BEVs cause the greatest upper-limit mortality risk due to the expansion of plutonium separation and uranium enrichment in nuclear energy facilities worldwide. Wind-BEVs and CSP-BEVs cause the least mortality. The footprint area of wind-BEVs is 2–6 orders of magnitude less than that of any other option. Because of their low footprint and pollution, wind-BEVs cause the least wildlife loss. The largest consumer of water is corn-E85. The smallest are wind-, tidal-, and wave-BEVs. The US could theoretically replace all 2007 onroad vehicles with BEVs powered by 73 000–144 000 5 MW wind turbines, less than the 300 000 airplanes the US produced during World War II, reducing US CO2 by 32.5–32.7% and nearly eliminating 15 000/yr vehicle-related air pollution deaths in 2020. In sum, use of wind, CSP, geothermal, tidal, PV, wave, and hydro to provide electricity for BEVs and HFCVs and, by extension, electricity for the residential, industrial, and commercial sectors, will result in the most benefit among the options considered. The combination of these technologies should be advanced as a solution to global warming, air pollution, and energy security. Coal-CCS and nuclear offer less benefit thus represent an opportunity cost loss, and the biofuel options provide no certain benefit and the greatest negative impacts.

Optimal Charging Strategies for Unidirectional Vehicle-to-Grid

2010-12-14

Eric Sortomme , M.A. El-Sharkawi

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) has been proposed as a way to increase the adoption rate of electric vehicles (EVs). Unidirectional V2G is especially attractive because it requires little if any additional infrastructure … Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) has been proposed as a way to increase the adoption rate of electric vehicles (EVs). Unidirectional V2G is especially attractive because it requires little if any additional infrastructure other than communication between the EV and an aggregator. The aggregator in turn combines the capacity of many EVs to bid into energy markets. In this work an algorithm for unidirectional regulation is developed for use by an aggregator. Several smart charging algorithms are used to set the point about which the rate of charge varies while performing regulation. An aggregator profit maximization algorithm is formulated with optional system load and price constraints analogous to the smart charging algorithms. Simulations on a hypothetical group of 10 000 commuter EVs in the Pacific Northwest verify that the optimal algorithms increase aggregator profits while reducing system load impacts and customer costs.

Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles

2012-10-04

Troy R. Hawkins , Bhawna Singh , Guillaume Majeau‐Bettez +1 more

Summary Electric vehicles (EVs) coupled with low‐carbon electricity sources offer the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and exposure to tailpipe emissions from personal transportation. In considering these benefits, it … Summary Electric vehicles (EVs) coupled with low‐carbon electricity sources offer the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and exposure to tailpipe emissions from personal transportation. In considering these benefits, it is important to address concerns of problem‐shifting. In addition, while many studies have focused on the use phase in comparing transportation options, vehicle production is also significant when comparing conventional and EVs. We develop and provide a transparent life cycle inventory of conventional and electric vehicles and apply our inventory to assess conventional and EVs over a range of impact categories. We find that EVs powered by the present European electricity mix offer a 10% to 24% decrease in global warming potential (GWP) relative to conventional diesel or gasoline vehicles assuming lifetimes of 150,000 km. However, EVs exhibit the potential for significant increases in human toxicity, freshwater eco‐toxicity, freshwater eutrophication, and metal depletion impacts, largely emanating from the vehicle supply chain. Results are sensitive to assumptions regarding electricity source, use phase energy consumption, vehicle lifetime, and battery replacement schedules. Because production impacts are more significant for EVs than conventional vehicles, assuming a vehicle lifetime of 200,000 km exaggerates the GWP benefits of EVs to 27% to 29% relative to gasoline vehicles or 17% to 20% relative to diesel. An assumption of 100,000 km decreases the benefit of EVs to 9% to 14% with respect to gasoline vehicles and results in impacts indistinguishable from those of a diesel vehicle. Improving the environmental profile of EVs requires engagement around reducing vehicle production supply chain impacts and promoting clean electricity sources in decision making regarding electricity infrastructure.

Integration of electric vehicles in smart grid: A review on vehicle to grid technologies and optimization techniques

2015-10-01

Kang Miao Tan , Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy , Jia Ying Yong

Electricity market design for the prosumer era

2016-03-21

Yael Parag , Benjamin K. Sovacool

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City-integrated renewable energy for urban sustainability

2016-05-20

Daniel M. Kammen , Deborah A. Sunter

To prepare for an urban influx of 2.5 billion people by 2050, it is critical to create cities that are low-carbon, resilient, and livable. Cities not only contribute to global … To prepare for an urban influx of 2.5 billion people by 2050, it is critical to create cities that are low-carbon, resilient, and livable. Cities not only contribute to global climate change by emitting the majority of anthropogenic greenhouse gases but also are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change and extreme weather. We explore options for establishing sustainable energy systems by reducing energy consumption, particularly in the buildings and transportation sectors, and providing robust, decentralized, and renewable energy sources. Through technical advancements in power density, city-integrated renewable energy will be better suited to satisfy the high-energy demands of growing urban areas. Several economic, technical, behavioral, and political challenges need to be overcome for innovation to improve urban sustainability.

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Energy Management in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Recent Progress and a Connected Vehicles Perspective

2016-06-23

Clara Marina Martínez , Xiao Hu , Dongpu Cao +3 more

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) offer an immediate solution for emissions reduction and fuel displacement within the current infrastructure. Targeting PHEV powertrain optimization, a plethora of energy management strategies (EMSs) … Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) offer an immediate solution for emissions reduction and fuel displacement within the current infrastructure. Targeting PHEV powertrain optimization, a plethora of energy management strategies (EMSs) have been proposed. Although these algorithms present various levels of complexity and accuracy, they find a limitation in terms of availability of future trip information, which generally prevents exploitation of the full PHEV potential in real-life cycles. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of EMS evolution toward blended mode (BM) and optimal control, providing a thorough survey of the latest progress in optimization-based algorithms. This is performed in the context of connected vehicles and highlights certain contributions that intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), traffic information, and cloud computing can provide to enhance PHEV energy management. The study is culminated with an analysis of future trends in terms of optimization algorithm development, optimization criteria, PHEV integration in the smart grid, and vehicles as part of the fleet.

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Consumer preferences for electric vehicles: a literature review

2016-09-17

Fanchao Liao , Eric Molin , Bert van Wee

Widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) may contribute to the alleviation of problems such as environmental pollution, global warming and oil dependency. However, the current market penetration of EV is … Widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) may contribute to the alleviation of problems such as environmental pollution, global warming and oil dependency. However, the current market penetration of EV is relatively low in spite of many governments implementing strong promotion policies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on consumer preferences for EV, aiming to better inform policy-makers and give direction to further research. First, we compare the economic and psychological approach towards this topic, followed by a conceptual framework of EV preferences which is then implemented to organise our review. We also briefly review the modelling techniques applied in the selected studies. Estimates of consumer preferences for financial, technical, infrastructure and policy attributes are then reviewed. A categorisation of influential factors for consumer preferences into groups such as socio-economic variables, psychological factors, mobility condition, social influence, etc. is then made and their effects are elaborated. Finally, we discuss a research agenda to improve EV consumer preference studies and give recommendations for further research.Abbreviations: AFV: alternative fuel vehicle; BEV: battery electric vehicle; CVs: conventional vehicles; EVs: electric vehicles; FCV: fuel cell vehicle; HCM: hybrid choice model; HEV: hybrid electric vehicle (non plug-in); HOV: high occupancy vehicle; MNL: MultiNomial logit; MXL: MiXed logit model; PHEV: plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; RP: revealed preference; SP: stated preference.

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A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development

2017-08-17

Fuad Un-Noor , Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban , Lucian Mihet‐Popa +2 more

Electric vehicles (EV), including Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), are becoming more commonplace in the transportation sector … Electric vehicles (EV), including Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), are becoming more commonplace in the transportation sector in recent times. As the present trend suggests, this mode of transport is likely to replace internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in the near future. Each of the main EV components has a number of technologies that are currently in use or can become prominent in the future. EVs can cause significant impacts on the environment, power system, and other related sectors. The present power system could face huge instabilities with enough EV penetration, but with proper management and coordination, EVs can be turned into a major contributor to the successful implementation of the smart grid concept. There are possibilities of immense environmental benefits as well, as the EVs can extensively reduce the greenhouse gas emissions produced by the transportation sector. However, there are some major obstacles for EVs to overcome before totally replacing ICE vehicles. This paper is focused on reviewing all the useful data available on EV configurations, battery energy sources, electrical machines, charging techniques, optimization techniques, impacts, trends, and possible directions of future developments. Its objective is to provide an overall picture of the current EV technology and ways of future development to assist in future researches in this sector.

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The future cost of electrical energy storage based on experience rates

2017-07-10

Oliver Schmidt , Adam Hawkes , Ajay Gambhir +1 more

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A review of consumer preferences of and interactions with electric vehicle charging infrastructure

2018-04-09

Scott Hardman , Alan Jenn , Gil Tal +7 more

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Electric vehicles standards, charging infrastructure, and impact on grid integration: A technological review

2019-12-02

Himadry Shekhar Das , Mohammad Mominur Rahman , Shuhui Li +1 more

Adoption of electric vehicle: A literature review and prospects for sustainability

2019-12-29

Rajeev Ranjan Kumar , Alok Kumar

Grid of the future

2009-02-26

Ali Ipakchi , F. Albuyeh

Many believe the electric power system is undergoing a profound change driven by a number of needs. There's the need for environmental compliance and energy conservation. We need better grid … Many believe the electric power system is undergoing a profound change driven by a number of needs. There's the need for environmental compliance and energy conservation. We need better grid reliability while dealing with an aging infrastructure. And we need improved operational effi ciencies and customer service. The changes that are happening are particularly signifi cant for the electricity distribution grid, where "blind" and manual operations, along with the electromechanical components, will need to be transformed into a "smart grid." This transformation will be necessary to meet environmental targets, to accommodate a greater emphasis on demand response (DR), and to support plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) as well as distributed generation and storage capabilities. It is safe to say that these needs and changes present the power industry with the biggest challenge it has ever faced. On one hand, the transition to a smart grid has to be evolutionary to keep the lights on; on the other hand, the issues surrounding the smart grid are signifi cant enough to demand major changes in power systems operating philosophy.

A review on the state-of-the-art technologies of electric vehicle, its impacts and prospects

2015-05-15

Jia Ying Yong , Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy , Kang Miao Tan +1 more

Analyzing Marketing Strategies And Consumer Perceptions For Electric And Hybrid Vehicle Adoption In India'S National Capital Region

2025-06-24

Yogita Sharma Vinay Kumar | European Economic Letters (EEL)

This research paper explores how marketing strategies affect the use of electric and hybrid vehicles in India’s National Capital Region, focusing on what consumers think. The study surveyed 397 people … This research paper explores how marketing strategies affect the use of electric and hybrid vehicles in India’s National Capital Region, focusing on what consumers think. The study surveyed 397 people and used a tool called SPSS to analyze the data. It looked at four main things: marketing strategies, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and reasons people choose these vehicles. The findings show that people like the marketing efforts, giving scores between 3.80 and 5.25 out of 7, with two key marketing ideas explaining 67.56% of their opinions. People are also happy with the vehicles, scoring them from 4.02 to 5.42, with two big factors driving 76.62% of their satisfaction. Loyalty to these brands is high, with scores from 4.33 to 5.24, mostly due to one main reason (74.22%). When choosing these vehicles, one or two factors matter most (69.67%). The study also found different groups of people think differently (p-value = 0.000), and the survey was very reliable (scores from 0.909 to 0.971). It suggests companies and leaders focus on better ads, service, trust, and more charging stations to help people overcome high costs and limited facilities.

Infrastructure and Development for Electrical Vehicles in Mexico: Bases and Feasibility for a Greener Country.

2025-06-24

Jorge Uribe , Javier Rodriguez , José Castillo +1 more | Quimica Hoy

El calentamiento global es un tema muy conocido y un problema que nos afecta a todos. Desde 1992, varios países han firmado acuerdos para frenar este fenómeno, como el Protocolo … El calentamiento global es un tema muy conocido y un problema que nos afecta a todos. Desde 1992, varios países han firmado acuerdos para frenar este fenómeno, como el Protocolo de Kioto y, más recientemente, el Acuerdo de París. Los países europeos han tomado varias medidas para contrarrestar el cambio climático, como prohibir los vehículos diésel en un futuro próximo y aumentar la generación de energía verde. El principal contribuyente al calentamiento global es el dióxido de carbono emitido en cada ciclo de combustión, y una de las medidas que han tomado los países desarrollados es reducir estas emisiones sustituyendo los vehículos de gasolina/diésel por otros eléctricos. México es un país en desarrollo y, en la actualidad, no tiene la capacidad para llevar a cabo este cambio; sin embargo, en este trabajo se presentan las bases para un plan de desarrollo de vehículos eléctricos en este país.

Techno-economic analysis of battery storage technologies in distribution networks with integrated electric vehicles and solar PV systems

2025-06-24

Chukwuemeka Emmanuel Okafor , Saheed Lekan Gbadamosi , Senthil Krishnamurthy +2 more | Energy Reports

Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: Impacts and Future Challenges of Photovoltaic Integration with Examples from a Tunisian Case

2025-06-24

Noura Mansouri , Sihem Nasri , Aymen Mnassri +4 more | World Electric Vehicle Journal

The challenges of global warming and other environmental concerns have prompted governments worldwide to transition from fossil-fuel vehicles to low-emission electric vehicles (EVs). The energy crisis, coupled with environmental issues … The challenges of global warming and other environmental concerns have prompted governments worldwide to transition from fossil-fuel vehicles to low-emission electric vehicles (EVs). The energy crisis, coupled with environmental issues like air pollution and climate change, has been a driving force behind the development of EVs. In recent years, EVs have emerged as one of the most innovative and vital advancements in clean transportation. According to recent reports, EVs are gradually replacing traditional automobiles, offering benefits such as pollution reduction and the conservation of natural resources. This research focuses on analyzing and reviewing the impact of EV integration on electrical networks, with particular attention to photovoltaic (PV) energy as a sustainable charging solution. It examines both current and anticipated challenges, especially those related to power quality, harmonics, and voltage imbalance. A special emphasis is placed on Tunisia, a country with high solar energy potential and increasing interest in EV deployment. By exploring the technical and infrastructural readiness of Tunisia for PV-based EV charging systems, this paper aims to inform regional strategies and contribute to the broader goal of sustainable energy integration in developing countries as part of future work.

Edge-Intelligent Electric Vehicle Charging Coordination for Grid Load Balancing and Renewable Integration

2025-06-24

Abdulkadir Gozuoglu , Zafer Doğan | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> The increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) into modern power systems introduces new challenges for grid load balancing and renewable energy integration. Traditional EV charging infrastructures rely on centralized … <title>Abstract</title> The increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) into modern power systems introduces new challenges for grid load balancing and renewable energy integration. Traditional EV charging infrastructures rely on centralized cloud-based control, resulting in high communication latency, reduced scalability, and limited responsiveness to dynamic grid conditions. This study proposes an edge-intelligent framework for real-time EV charging coordination, leveraging IoT-enabled sensing and localized AI inference to optimize grid load distribution and enhance renewable energy utilization. The framework deploys lightweight deep learning models (CNN + LSTM, XGBoost, Random Forest) on edge devices such as Jetson Orin Nano and Raspberry Pi 5. The application enables behavior-aware scheduling and dynamic pricing adjustments directly at charging stations. A large-scale U.S. Department of Energy dataset is used to train and validate the models. Experimental results demonstrate that the system improves charging station utilization by 27.6%, reduces peak grid load by 24.5%, and lowers user charging costs by 29.8% while maintaining high prediction accuracy (R² > 0.92, MAE = 0.0182 kWh). Furthermore, the decentralized architecture reduces communication overhead by approximately 80%, supporting faster decision-making and improved grid responsiveness. By intelligently coordinating EV charging based on real-time user behavior, grid conditions, and renewable availability, the proposed approach offers a scalable and practical solution for sustainable smart grid operation.

Data Siting and Capacity Optimization of Photovoltaic–Storage–Charging Stations Considering Spatiotemporal Charging Demand

2025-06-24

Dandan Hu , Doudou Yang , Zhi‐Wei Liu | Energies

To address the charging demand challenges brought about by the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, integrated photovoltaic–storage–charging stations (PSCSs) enhance energy utilization efficiency and economic viability by combining photovoltaic (PV) … To address the charging demand challenges brought about by the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, integrated photovoltaic–storage–charging stations (PSCSs) enhance energy utilization efficiency and economic viability by combining photovoltaic (PV) power generation with an energy storage system (ESS). This paper proposes a two-stage data-driven holistic optimization model for the siting and capacity allocation of charging stations. In the first stage, the location and number of charging piles are determined by analyzing the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of charging demand using ST-DBSCAN and K-means clustering methods. In the second stage, charging load results from the first stage, photovoltaic generation forecast, and electricity price are jointly considered to minimize the operator’s total cost determined by the capacity of PV and ESS, which is solved by the genetic algorithm. To validate the model, we leverage large-scale GPS trajectory data from electric taxis in Shenzhen as a data-driven source of spatiotemporal charging demand. The research results indicate that the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of different charging demands determine whether a charging station can become a PSCS and the optimal capacity of PV and battery within the station, rather than a fixed configuration. Stations with high demand volatility can achieve a balance between economic benefits and user satisfaction by appropriately lowering the peak instantaneous satisfaction rate (set between 70 and 80%).

Influencing Factors of Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Hail City, Saudi Arabia

2025-06-24

Abdulmohsen A. Al-fouzan , Radwan A. Almasri | Applied Sciences

As part of the global endeavor to encourage sustainable urban growth and lower carbon emissions, Hail City is leading the way in implementing cutting-edge technologies with which to improve its … As part of the global endeavor to encourage sustainable urban growth and lower carbon emissions, Hail City is leading the way in implementing cutting-edge technologies with which to improve its urban infrastructure. Initiatives for energy resilience and the environment heavily rely on shifting to electric vehicles (EVs). This work describes the strategic planning required to implement a network of solar charging stations and analyzes the parameters that affect this, supporting cleaner transport options. In addition to meeting the growing demand from an increased number of EVs, constructing a network of solar charging stations positions the city as a leader in integrating renewable energy sources into urban areas. A solar electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) will also be designed. This study highlights a competitive attitude in establishing international standards for sustainable practices and critically examines the technical factors affecting the required charging stations. Regarding the latter, the following results were obtained. The ideal number of station slots is 200. Less efficient vehicles with higher consumption rates require a more comprehensive charging infrastructure, and increasing the charging power leads to an apparent decrease in the number of stations. The influence of battery capacity on the required NSs is limited, especially at charger power values above 30 kWh. By taking proactive measures to address these factors, Hail City hopes to improve its infrastructure effectively and sustainably, keeping it competitive in a world where cities are increasingly judged on their ability to adopt new technology and green projects. A solar station was designed to supply the EVCS with a capacity of 700.56 kWp.

Toward Sustainable Electricity Markets: Capacity-Based Pricing for Electric Vehicle Smart Charging

2025-06-24

Konstantina Valogianni , Wolfgang Ketter , John Collins +1 more | Information Systems Research

As electric vehicles (EVs) become more widespread, cities face the growing challenge of managing charging demand without overloading the grid. This study presents a novel information systems (IS) solution that … As electric vehicles (EVs) become more widespread, cities face the growing challenge of managing charging demand without overloading the grid. This study presents a novel information systems (IS) solution that supports smart and sustainable EV integration. The authors develop a capacity-based pricing model that adjusts in real time based on charging rates and grid capacity. Unlike many existing approaches, it avoids “avalanche effects” where synchronized charging behavior creates new demand peaks. The presented solution is also computationally efficient, making it practical for real-world use. Evaluated through simulations based on realistic urban scenarios, the model reduces demand volatility, aligns EV charging with renewable energy availability, and maintains overall charging costs for users. This work offers policy makers and energy providers a concrete tool to balance environmental goals with energy system reliability. For urban mobility planners, it provides a scalable, adaptive method to support the transition to cleaner urban mobility.

A novel coordinative spatio-temporal operation strategy for EV battery swapping-charging system based on mobile battery energy storage

2025-06-24

Zhijian Liu , D Li , Jing Dai +2 more | International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

Harnessing wind and solar power for electric vehicle charging: a feasibility study at Ikas supermarket, Lefkosa, Northern Cyprus

2025-06-24

Youssef Kassem , Hüseyin Çamur , Ahmad Hussein Abdul Hamid | Future Technology

Electric vehicles (EVs) have replaced conventional bio-fuel cars over the past ten years. Electric vehicles, or EVs, have become popular for both financial and environmental reasons. One of the most … Electric vehicles (EVs) have replaced conventional bio-fuel cars over the past ten years. Electric vehicles, or EVs, have become popular for both financial and environmental reasons. One of the most significant challenges facing humanity today is environmental degradation. From both an economic and ecological perspective, it would be highly beneficial if electric automobiles could be charged using renewable energy. The use of EVs in Northern Cyprus remains in its early stages. Thus, the viability of charging from renewable sources is investigated. In addition to comparing fuel-based and electric vehicles and determining the economic viability of charging using renewable sources, the study explains ways to charge electric vehicles using hybrid wind and solar power systems. The costs of the required components have been obtained from manufacturers, and the average cost is then taken into account. The results demonstrated that the developed system achieved a maximum monthly energy output of 13,500 kWh in March and ensured stable production throughout the seasons by utilizing solar and wind resources in combination. Additionally, it has the capacity to support 58 EV chargers per day, which can charge approximately 1,700 EVs per month, including the GÜNSEL B9 model. Economically, the system was extremely viable with a payback time of just 3.34 years when electricity was sold at $0.31/kWh. Moreover, the proposed system offered a significant 96% reduction in carbon emissions compared to conventional grid electricity. These results demonstrate the hybrid system's success in facilitating sustainable, high-capacity EV charging, yielding significant environmental and economic benefits. Additionally, compared to fuel vehicles, EVs are almost twice as advantageous and environmentally friendly.

The impact of satisfaction with plug-in electric vehicles on future vehicle choice decisions: A hybrid choice modeling framework

2025-06-24

Mohammad Maghrour Zefreh , Domokos Esztergár-Kiss | Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Coordinated Control of Photovoltaic Resources and Electric Vehicles in a Power Distribution System to Balance Technical, Environmental, and Energy Justice Objectives

2025-06-23

Abdulrahman Almazroui , Salman Mohagheghi | Processes

Recent advancements in photovoltaic (PV) and battery technologies, combined with improvements in power electronic converters, have accelerated the adoption of rooftop PV systems and electric vehicles (EVs) in distribution networks, … Recent advancements in photovoltaic (PV) and battery technologies, combined with improvements in power electronic converters, have accelerated the adoption of rooftop PV systems and electric vehicles (EVs) in distribution networks, while these technologies offer economic and environmental benefits and support the transition to sustainable energy systems, they also introduce operational challenges, including voltage fluctuations, increased system losses, and voltage regulation issues under high penetration levels. Traditional Voltage and Var Control (VVC) strategies, which rely on substation on-load tap changers, voltage regulators, and shunt capacitors, are insufficient to fully manage these challenges. This study proposes a novel Voltage, Var, and Watt Control (VVWC) framework that coordinates the operation of PV and EV resources, conventional devices, and demand responsive loads. A mixed-integer nonlinear multi-objective optimization model is developed, applying a Chebyshev goal programming approach to balance objectives that include minimizing PV curtailment, reducing system losses, flattening voltage profile, and minimizing demand not met. Unserved demand has, in particular, been modeled while incorporating the concepts of distributional and recognition energy justice. The proposed method is validated using a modified version of the IEEE 123-bus test distribution system. The results indicate that the proposed framework allows for high levels of PV and EV integration in the grid, while ensuring that EV demand is met and PV curtailment is negligible. This demonstrates an equitable access to energy, while maximizing renewable energy usage.

The industrial prospect of electric vehicles—time delay stochastic evolutionary game evidence from the U.S., China, the EU, and Japan

2025-06-23

Yazhi Song , Li Yin , Jingjing Jiang +1 more | Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

Optimization and Trends in EV Charging Infrastructure: A PCA-Based Systematic Review

2025-06-23

Javier Alexander Guerrero-Silva , Jorge Iván Romero-Gélvez , Andrés Julián Aristizábal +1 more | World Electric Vehicle Journal

The development of a robust and efficient electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure is essential for accelerating the transition to sustainable transportation. This systematic review analyzes recent research on EV charging … The development of a robust and efficient electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure is essential for accelerating the transition to sustainable transportation. This systematic review analyzes recent research on EV charging network planning, with a particular focus on optimization techniques, machine learning applications, and sustainability integration. Using bibliometric methods and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we identify key thematic clusters, including smart grid integration, strategic station placement, renewable energy integration, and public policy impacts. This study reveals a growing trend toward hybrid models that combine artificial intelligence and optimization methods to address challenges such as grid constraints, range anxiety, and economic feasibility. We provide a taxonomy of computational approaches—ranging from classical optimization to deep reinforcement learning—and synthesize practical insights for researchers, policymakers, and urban planners. The findings highlight the critical role of coordinated strategies and data-driven tools in designing scalable and resilient EV charging infrastructures, and point to future research directions involving intelligent, adaptive, and sustainable charging solutions.

Long-term efficient energy management for multi-station collaborative electric vehicle charging: A transformer-based multi-agent reinforcement learning approach

2025-06-23

Ge Song , Hongbin Xie , Jingyuan Zhang +5 more | Applied Energy

Stalled standardization: the conflicting impact of economy and environment on the electric vehicle mobility transition

2025-06-23

Petra A. Nylund , Alexander Brem | Management Review Quarterly

Abstract A dominant design for the electric vehicle would propel this technology towards the mass market. Yet, we are not seeing such an overall architectural convergence, nor an emergence of … Abstract A dominant design for the electric vehicle would propel this technology towards the mass market. Yet, we are not seeing such an overall architectural convergence, nor an emergence of underlying standards for key components related to batteries and charging. We therefore review the literature on electric vehicles and standardization to understand the mechanisms delaying the technology transition towards a more sustainable mobility. We also contrast the identified transition logics, framing, and strategic directions to those of technology in artificial intelligence. We find that the dual economic and environmental goals hinder a reframing of the electric vehicle as a complementary technology to existing mobility solutions. Hence, electric-vehicle initiatives meet combustion-engine incumbents in head-to-head competition. A window of opportunity for a mobility regime shift based on an electric-vehicle standard may, however, be triggered by the climate crisis during an economic upturn.

Multi-objective optimization framework for strategic placement of electric vehicle charging stations and shunt capacitors in a distribution network considering traffic flow

2025-06-23

B Vinod Kumar , Aneesa Farhan M A | Applied Energy

Aggregator-driven optimisation of electric vehicle charging stations in Shenzhen: Synergising smart charging, renewable energy integration and energy storage

2025-06-23

Wentao Xin , Zhenwei Lu , Zhe Yu +3 more | Applied Energy

Optimal Allocation of Shared Energy Storage in Low-Carbon Parks Taking into Account the Uncertainty of Photovoltaic Output and Electric Vehicle Charging

2025-06-23

Shang Jiang , Jiacheng Li , Wenlong Shen +2 more | Energies

The growing integration of renewable energy and electric vehicle loads in parks has intensified the intermittency of photovoltaic (PV) output and demand-side uncertainty, complicating energy storage system design and operation. … The growing integration of renewable energy and electric vehicle loads in parks has intensified the intermittency of photovoltaic (PV) output and demand-side uncertainty, complicating energy storage system design and operation. Meanwhile, under carbon neutrality goals, the energy system must balance economic efficiency with emission reductions, raising the bar for storage planning. To address these challenges, this study proposes a two-stage robust optimization method for shared energy storage configuration in a park-level integrated PV–storage–charging system (PV-SESS-CS). The method considers the uncertainties of PV and electric vehicle (EV) loads and incorporates carbon emission reduction benefits. First, a configuration model for shared energy storage that accounts for carbon emission reduction is established. Then, a two-stage robust optimization model is developed to characterize the uncertainties of PV output and EV charging demand. Typical PV output scenarios are generated using Latin Hypercube Sampling, and representative PV profiles are extracted via K-means clustering. For EV charging loads, uncertainty scenarios are generated using Monte Carlo Sampling. Finally, simulations are conducted based on real-world industrial park data. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively mitigate the negative impact of source-load fluctuations, significantly reduce operating costs, and enhance carbon emission reductions. This study provides strong methodological support for optimal energy storage planning and low-carbon operation in park-level PV-SESS-CS.

OPTIMIZING THE OPERATION OF MODERN CHARGING EQUIPMENT FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES: ANALYSIS OF CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT

2025-06-23

Д. С. Булгаков , Denis Tugashov , В. И. Евдокимов | Moscow Economic Journal

The study is devoted to the analysis of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in the context of land management and sustainable development of rural regions. Economic indicators (CAPEX, OPEX) and … The study is devoted to the analysis of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in the context of land management and sustainable development of rural regions. Economic indicators (CAPEX, OPEX) and payback periods for alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) stations are considered. It is found that AC stations are more economical and environmentally friendly, which is especially important for rural areas where traffic density is lower. DC stations, despite their high costs, may be in demand in logistics and transportation hubs. Special attention is paid to energy efficiency, reducing the load on power grids and minimizing carbon footprint. Practical recommendations for the introduction of charging stations are proposed, taking into account the specifics of land use and land monitoring requirements.

Coordinated Scheduling Strategy for Campus Power Grid and Aggregated Electric Vehicles Within the Framework of a Virtual Power Plant

2025-06-23

Xiao Zhou , Changzhe Li , Zhongqi Pan +5 more | Processes

The inherent intermittency and uncertainty of renewable energy generation pose significant challenges to the safe and stable operation of power grids, particularly when power demand does not match renewable energy … The inherent intermittency and uncertainty of renewable energy generation pose significant challenges to the safe and stable operation of power grids, particularly when power demand does not match renewable energy supply, leading to issues such as wind and solar power curtailment. To effectively promote the consumption of renewable energy while leveraging electric vehicles (EVs) in virtual power plants (VPPs) as distributed energy storage resources, this paper proposes an ordered scheduling strategy for EVs in campus areas oriented towards renewable energy consumption. Firstly, to address the uncertainty of renewable energy output, this paper uses Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN) technology to generate a series of typical scenarios. Subsequently, a mathematical model for EV aggregation is established, treating the numerous dispersed EVs within the campus as a collectively controllable resource, laying the foundation for their ordered scheduling. Then, to maximize renewable energy consumption and optimize EV charging scheduling, an improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is adopted to solve the problem. Finally, case studies using a real-world testing system demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. By introducing a dynamic inertia weight adjustment mechanism and a multi-population cooperative search strategy, the algorithm’s convergence speed and global search capability in solving high-dimensional non-convex optimization problems are significantly improved. Compared with conventional algorithms, the computational efficiency can be increased by up to 54.7%, and economic benefits can be enhanced by 8.6%.

Advancing Energy Storage Technologies and Governance in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Review of International Frameworks, Research Insights, and Regional Case Studies

2025-06-23

Chung-Han Yang , Jincheng Huang | Energy storage and applications

This review explores the development of energy storage technologies and governance frameworks in the Asia-Pacific region, where rapid economic growth and urbanisation drive the demand for sustainable energy solutions. Energy … This review explores the development of energy storage technologies and governance frameworks in the Asia-Pacific region, where rapid economic growth and urbanisation drive the demand for sustainable energy solutions. Energy storage systems (ESS) are integral to balancing renewable energy fluctuations, improving grid resilience, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This paper examines the role of international organisations, including the United Nations, International Energy Agency (IEA), and International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), in promoting energy storage advancements through strategic initiatives, policy frameworks, and funding mechanisms. Regionally, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) have launched programs fostering collaboration, technical support, and knowledge sharing. Detailed case studies of Japan, Thailand, and China highlight the diverse policy approaches, technological innovations, and international collaborations shaping energy storage advancements. While Japan emphasises cutting-edge innovation, Thailand focuses on regional integration, and China leads in large-scale deployment and manufacturing. This analysis identifies key lessons from these frameworks and case studies, providing insights into governance strategies, policy implications, and the challenges of scaling energy storage technologies. It offers a roadmap for advancing regional and global efforts toward achieving low-carbon, resilient energy systems aligned with sustainability and climate goals.

A Game Theoretic Approach to Electric Vehicle Promotion Policy Selection from the Consumer Side

2025-06-23

Lulu Shao , Jingxi Zhou , Peng Li +2 more | Systems

With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) through purchase subsidy (PS) policies, the personal carbon tax (PCT) policy has been adopted by some countries due to its characteristics of … With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) through purchase subsidy (PS) policies, the personal carbon tax (PCT) policy has been adopted by some countries due to its characteristics of restraining the diffusion of fuel vehicles (FVs) from the consumer side. This paper constructs a three-stage game model consisting of government, manufacturers, and consumers to investigate the impact of basic utility valuation heterogeneity differences on the optimal decisions and to compare the implementation effects of two policies. The results are as follows. First, conventional wisdom suggests that EV consumer surplus under PS policy will exceed that under PCT policy. Surprisingly, our results show that when the basic utility valuation difference is small, the EV consumer surplus under PCT policy exceeds that under PS policy. Second, for manufacturers, it is interesting to note that the sustained impact of PCT policy on promoting the diffusion of the EV market and the profit of the EV manufacturer is related to the basic utility valuation heterogeneity difference. However, compared with PS policy, the implementation of PCT policy has a better restraining effect on the diffusion of the FV market, effectively reducing the demand for FV and the profit of FV manufacturers. Finally, contrary to the common belief that increasing subsidies or raising carbon taxes can increase overall social welfare, this paper shows that subsidies and carbon taxes have a dual impact on overall social welfare, and only when their positive effects outweigh the negative ones can such policies become effective ways of promoting industrial transformation.

Optimizing EV Energy Management Using Monarch ‎Butterfly and Quantum Genetic Algorithms

2025-06-22

Bharath Ramesh , Vivek Kulkarni , Ashwini Shinde +7 more | International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

In the evolving energy landscape, the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) presents both challenges and opportunities for efficient ‎energy management. This study introduces a hybrid optimization framework that combines Monarch … In the evolving energy landscape, the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) presents both challenges and opportunities for efficient ‎energy management. This study introduces a hybrid optimization framework that combines Monarch Butterfly Optimization (MBO) ‎and Quantum Genetic Algorithm (QGA) to address the multi-objective problem of EV charging/discharging scheduling and energy ‎storage management in the context of dynamic market transactions. By leveraging the complementary strengths of MBO and QGA, ‎the proposed method delivers robust and adaptive solutions to complex optimization scenarios. The framework aims to minimize ‎charging costs, reduce peak electricity demand, and enhance grid stability, while accounting for the stochastic nature of EV usage ‎patterns and fluctuating energy prices. Extensive simulations and comparative analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of the ‎approach in diverse market environments. The results underscore the potential of integrating nature-inspired and quantum-inspired ‎algorithms for smart grid applications, offering a promising pathway for sustainable and intelligent EV energy management. The ‎integration of MBO and QGA improves the optimization process by using the inherent merits of both algorithms, allowing for ‎robust solutions to complicated optimization issues‎.

Research on Demand Response Strategies for Photovoltaic – Energy Storage – Charging Integrated Power Stations Based on the Elasticity of Power Supply and Demand

2025-06-22

Fu Han , Yifei Ni , Hong Zheng +2 more | Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment

With the rapid development of renewable energy and electric vehicles, the application of integrated photovoltaic storage and charging power stations in smart grids is becoming increasingly widespread. Improving the supply … With the rapid development of renewable energy and electric vehicles, the application of integrated photovoltaic storage and charging power stations in smart grids is becoming increasingly widespread. Improving the supply and demand balance capacity and response speed of the power system has become a key issue that urgently needs to be solved at present. Based on the theory of power supply and demand elasticity, where the elasticity coefficient ranges from 0.2 to 1.8 and the time scale is 15 minutes, this paper proposes a demand response strategy for integrated photovoltaic storage and charging power stations. Firstly, by analyzing the characteristics of supply and demand elasticity changes, a dynamic model describing the interaction between photovoltaic power generation, energy storage systems and electric vehicle charging loads was constructed; Then, based on different assumptions of supply and demand elasticity, an optimized demand response strategy aimed at improving the economic benefits of the system and the stability of power supply and demand balance is proposed. The effectiveness of the demand response strategy under different supply and demand elasticity scenarios was verified through simulation analysis. The results show that reasonable adjustment of supply and demand elasticity can significantly improve the dispatching flexibility and response capacity of the power system, and promote the efficient utilization of green energy at the same time.

Contextual Analysis of Battery Electric Vehicles’ Adoption in Italy

2025-06-22

Federico Silvestri , Seyed Mahdi Miraftabzadeh , Michela Longo +1 more | Energies

This study investigates the context in which the adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) takes place in Italy. Several region-specific characteristics pertaining to socioeconomic conditions, transportation, and infrastructure are studied … This study investigates the context in which the adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) takes place in Italy. Several region-specific characteristics pertaining to socioeconomic conditions, transportation, and infrastructure are studied and combined by means of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and k-means clustering. The model acts as a tool able to provide a 3D visualization of the relative states of the 20 regions analyzed. Three Principal Components are computed, and seven clusters are identified and described, with Lombardy, Trentino-South Tyrol, Aosta Valley, and Lazio showing an advanced level of adoption compared to the rest of Italy. Key findings indicate that regional incentives are necessary to accelerate adoption in underperforming regions, and that incentives targeting the scrapping of old vehicles might not always be useful. To address the emerging disparities, recommendations tailored to the individual territories are provided.

Hierarchical Charging Scheduling Strategy for Electric Vehicles Based on NSGA-II

2025-06-22

Yikang Chen , Zhejing Bao , Yihang Tan +4 more | Energies

Electric vehicles (EVs) are gradually gaining high penetration in transportation due to their low carbon emissions and high power conversion efficiency. However, the large-scale charging demand poses significant challenges to … Electric vehicles (EVs) are gradually gaining high penetration in transportation due to their low carbon emissions and high power conversion efficiency. However, the large-scale charging demand poses significant challenges to grid stability, particularly the risk of transformer overload caused by random charging. It is necessary that a coordinated charging strategy be carried out to alleviate this challenge. We propose a hierarchical charging scheduling framework to optimize EV charging consisting of demand prediction and hierarchical scheduling. Fuzzy reasoning is introduced to predict EV charging demand, better modeling the relationship between travel distance and charging demand. A hierarchical model was developed based on NSGA-II, where the upper layer generates Pareto-optimal power allocations and then the lower layer dispatches individual vehicles under these allocations. A simulation under this strategy was conducted in a residential scenario. The results revealed that the coordinated strategy reduced the user costs by 21% and the grid load variance by 64% compared with uncoordinated charging. Additionally, the Pareto front could serve as a decision-making tool for balancing user economic interest and grid stability objectives.

An Integrated Study on Electric Vehicle Adoption and Consumer Satisfaction in Tumkur District: Exploring Usage Behavior, Influencing Factors and Perceptions Across Technological, Economic and Environmental Dimensions

2025-06-22

B Ismail Zabivullah | International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management

Abstract: The rapid transition towards sustainable mobility has positioned electric vehicles (EVs) as a key solution to reducing environmental impact and promoting clean transportation. This research undertakes an integrated study … Abstract: The rapid transition towards sustainable mobility has positioned electric vehicles (EVs) as a key solution to reducing environmental impact and promoting clean transportation. This research undertakes an integrated study to examine both the adoption of electric vehicles and the satisfaction levels of EV users in Tumkur District, Karnataka. The study aims to analyze usage behavior and the key factors influencing the decision to adopt EVs among urban and rural consumers. Further, it evaluates consumer satisfaction based on technological aspects (battery performance, charging infrastructure, vehicle range), economic considerations (cost of ownership, maintenance expenses, subsidies), and environmental consciousness (carbon footprint awareness, eco-friendly attitudes). A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving structured surveys and in-depth interviews with EV owners, dealerships, and stakeholders. The findings reveal a significant correlation between awareness levels, government incentives, and adoption rates, while satisfaction varies based on user expectations, availability of charging stations, and perceived performance. The study offers strategic insights for policymakers, manufacturers, and service providers to enhance the EV ecosystem and improve customer experience in semi-urban and rural contexts. Keywords: Electric Vehicle (EV) Adoption, Consumer Satisfaction, Usage Behavior, Technological Factors, Economic Factors, Environmental Awareness, Charging Infrastructure, Rural and Urban Consumers, Sustainable Transportation, Tumkur District, Customer Perception, Government Incentives, Green Mobility, EV Market Penetration, Post-Adoption Experience

Consumer Acceptance and Perceptions of Electric Vehicles in Malaysia Using Sentiment Analysis

2025-06-21

| Deleted Journal

A Bio-Inspired Optimization Approach for Low-Carbon Dispatch in EV-Integrated Virtual Power Plants

2025-06-21

Renfei Gao , Kaixin Song , Binhai Zhu +1 more | Processes

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy and the large-scale integration of electric vehicles (EVs), the economic optimization dispatch of EV-integrated virtual power plants (VPPs) faces multiple uncertainties and challenges. … With the increasing penetration of renewable energy and the large-scale integration of electric vehicles (EVs), the economic optimization dispatch of EV-integrated virtual power plants (VPPs) faces multiple uncertainties and challenges. This paper first proposes an optimized dispatching model for EV clusters to form large-scale coordinated regulation capabilities. Subsequently, considering diversified resources such as energy storage systems and photovoltaic (PV) generation within VPPs, a low-carbon economic optimization dispatching model is established to minimize the total system operation costs and polluted gas emissions. To address the limitations of traditional algorithms in solving high-dimensional, nonlinear dispatching problems, this paper introduces a plant root-inspired growth optimization algorithm. By simulating the nutrient-adaptive uptake mechanism and branching expansion strategy of plant roots, the algorithm achieves a balance between global optimization and local fine-grained search. Compared with the genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm and bat algorithm, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively enhance the low-carbon operational economy of VPPs with high PV, ESS, and EV penetration. The research findings provide theoretical support and practical references for optimal dispatch of multi-stakeholder VPPs.

Challenges in Embracing Electric Vehicles: Exploring the Policy Landscape and Way Forward

2025-06-21

Satyajit Mondal , Nikhil Kumar Suman | Transportation in Developing Economies

Marketing strategies and consumer adoption of electric vehicles: A global perspective on driving sustainable mobility transitions

2025-06-21

Akshay Kamble | Journal of Informatics Education and Research

The shift to electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide is pivotal for clean transport, yet in India, their uptake remains uneven due to economic, psychosocial, and infrastructural issues. It explored the dominant … The shift to electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide is pivotal for clean transport, yet in India, their uptake remains uneven due to economic, psychosocial, and infrastructural issues. It explored the dominant determinants of EV adoption, policy responses, and consumer sentiment. Data were collected using mixed-methods research comprising surveys (435) and qualitative interviews (15–20 stakeholders) from urban, semi-urban, and rural areas. Multiple regression, structural equation modelling (SEM), and one-way ANOVA were used to analyse.

A decision support system for prioritizing electric vehicles transition policies

2025-06-21

Mouhamed Bayane Bouraima , Jakub Więckowski , Qian Su | Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment

Electric or gasoline vehicle? Determinants of vehicle ownership in 247 Chinese cities

2025-06-21

Xinwei Ma , Yuwei Wang , Mingjia He +3 more | Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment

Advancements, Challenges, and Future Trends of Vehicle‐to‐Grid Technologies: A Review

2025-06-21

Sheng Dong , Shaohui Guo | Energy Technology

Within the evolving energy framework, vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) technologies are demonstrating operational integration capabilities in modern power systems, blending sustainability with technological innovation and economic opportunity. This article presents a comprehensive … Within the evolving energy framework, vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) technologies are demonstrating operational integration capabilities in modern power systems, blending sustainability with technological innovation and economic opportunity. This article presents a comprehensive investigation into V2G technologies, offering insights into bidirectional power flow, seamless integration of renewable sources, and intelligent charging strategies. It critically examines the challenges associated with V2G implementation, including technical complexities, infrastructure demands, battery management, and the need for standardized protocols. Furthermore, the article explores emerging trends such as vehicle‐to‐home (V2H) and vehicle‐to‐building (V2B) concepts, the role of artificial intelligence and predictive analytics in optimizing V2G systems, and the symbiotic relationship between V2G and the electrification of public transportation. By analyzing these multifaceted dimensions, this article provides a roadmap to harnessing V2G's potential, reshaping energy distribution dynamics, fostering sustainability across sectors, and redefining the future of transportation and energy management.

Solving the Conundrum of Battery Electric Cars Versus HydrogenElectric Vehicles

2025-06-21

Kevin Kendall | Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences Research

The hydrogen powered vehicle was invented long before the battery electric car but both were beaten by the petrol/diesel combustion engine that is now being chopped as the zero-emission transition … The hydrogen powered vehicle was invented long before the battery electric car but both were beaten by the petrol/diesel combustion engine that is now being chopped as the zero-emission transition of many nations is aiming for net zero in 2050. The conundrum is that present designs of vehicles might be pure battery or could instead be hydrogen-fuel-cell-battery drive train, allowing much more onboard energy storage. The success of the lithium battery that started near 2008 has been extended in many countries, giving exponential rise in pure battery designs, but there are several snags that still need to be solved. In contrast, the hydrogen-fuel-cell-battery-electric-vehicle only became economically viable near 2018, giving a decade lag, but with numerous advantages such as low price, less weight, long range and rapid refuelling. The purpose of this paper is to outline key difficulties, mainly of infrastructure, before attempting to predict the future advances of both technologies.

Barriers and policy solutions for electric vehicle adoption in Spain: a multidimensional analysis

2025-06-21

Bianca Cid , María Teresa García-Álvarez | European Journal of Government and Economics

In Spain, the transport sector is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, primarily due to the widespread use of fossil fuels. Electric vehicles (EVs) are a … In Spain, the transport sector is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, primarily due to the widespread use of fossil fuels. Electric vehicles (EVs) are a key component in transitioning towards sustainable mobility and transport decarbonization. The article presents novel insights into the interplay between economic, technical, regulatory, and social factors affecting EV uptake in Spain, distinguishing itself from previous studies, using a multidimensional approach. It not only identifies the main challenges but also proposes actionable solutions based on successful international case studies. These include enhancing financial incentives, expanding nationwide charging networks, ensuring consistent regulatory frameworks and promoting public awareness campaigns to dispel misconceptions about EVs, among others. By integrating these aspects, the research contributes significantly to the discourse on sustainable transport in Spain, aiming to provide a roadmap for policymakers and stakeholders in achieving national climate targets.

Electric vehicle scheduling problem considering time-of-use electricity price

2025-06-20

Zhaofang Mao , Zhao Zhao , Mingyang Song +1 more | International Journal of Production Research

Author Correction: Impact of EV interfacing on peak-shelving and frequency regulation in a microgrid

2025-06-20

Sarika Shrivastava , Saifullah Khalid , Dinesh Kumar Nishad | Scientific Reports

Data-driven probabilistic evaluation of electric-vehicle integration in distribution systems: charging behavior, hosting capacity, and grid impact

2025-06-20

Priscila Costa Nascimento , Silvia Trevisan , Monika Topel +1 more | Sustainable Energy Grids and Networks

A brief comparison of algorithms and methods for optimization of electric vehicles charging strategies

2025-06-20

Arpita Bharti , Rajeev Kumar Chauhan | Deleted Journal

Two-Layer Distributionally Robust Planning for Hydro-Wind-Solar-Storage Systems Based on Reinforcement Learning

2025-06-20

Xiaodong Zhang , Kang Yu , Jingwei Zhu +2 more | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> Under the large-scale integration of wind turbine and photovoltaic into the grid, the power system faces the challenge of insufficient flexibility for regulation. Coordinated planning of hydro-wind-solar-storage systems can … <title>Abstract</title> Under the large-scale integration of wind turbine and photovoltaic into the grid, the power system faces the challenge of insufficient flexibility for regulation. Coordinated planning of hydro-wind-solar-storage systems can effectively mitigate the output volatility of renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a distributionally robust planning method for hydro-wind-solar-storage systems based on the Wasserstein distance. First, taking into account the spatiotemporal correlations of factors such as wind speed and solar irradiance, an auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network (AC-GAN) is employed to generate a set of wind turbine and photovoltaic output scenarios. Then, a bilevel capacity planning model is constructed for the integrated system. The upper level aims to minimize investment costs by determining the optimal energy storage capacity, while the lower level focuses on minimizing operational costs through optimizing storage operation states and the output of various devices. Subsequently, an improved proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm, grounded in the Markov decision process framework, is used to solve the model. Finally, an actual case study based on a hydro-wind-solar system in Qinghai China is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Life-cycle Environmental Impacts of Passenger and Freight Transport: a Comparison between the Global North and South

2025-06-20

Jacid Montoya-Torres , Kevin Joseph Dillman , Jukka Heinonen | Circular Economy and Sustainability

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of seven vehicle types, including passenger and freight transport options, to evaluate the environmental impacts of different propulsion technologies such … Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of seven vehicle types, including passenger and freight transport options, to evaluate the environmental impacts of different propulsion technologies such as electric, natural gas, petrol, and diesel across two urban settings: Reykjavík, Iceland (Global North) and Bogotá, Colombia (Global South). The study analyzes 18 distinct environmental impact categories, focusing on Global Warming Potential (GWP), particulate matter formation (PMFP), fossil fuel potential (FFP), and human toxicity potential (HTPc). The findings showed that Electric Vehicles (EVs) had a significantly higher impact in the category of Surplus Ore Potential (SOP), where busses were significantly lower due to their much higher occupancy rates than that of other passenger vehicles. For the PMFP impact category, EVs also had the highest impact, speaking to the PMFP of the electricity used, though this was to a smaller extent than the other categories. For freight transit, the vehicles studied included a diesel freight lorry and FAME diesel freight lorry. It could be seen that the regular diesel lorry had a higher GWP potential (by 38.35%), but the FAME diesel had higher impacts (and in some cases significantly higher) in most other impact categories. It was also detected that the GHG potential is lowest in Iceland with electric vehicles, while in Bogotá, buses have the lowest emissions due to the renewable energy mix in Iceland and higher public transit occupancy rates in Colombia. This illustrates the importance of context-specific environmental policies in reducing the negative impacts from transportation. Graphical Abstract

Energy consumption prediction of electric vehicles for data-scarce scenarios using pre-trained model

2025-06-20

Haichao Huang , Hong-di He , Yizhou Wang +2 more | Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment

Integrated analysis of the market diffusion of battery electric passenger cars and motorcycles in emerging markets: An agent-based modeling approach

2025-06-20

Rizqi Ilma Nugroho , Till Gnann , Daniel Speth +3 more | Energy Sustainable Development/Energy for sustainable development

The Impact Path of New Energy Vehicle Promotion on Green Development—Empirical Research from the Provincial Level in China

2025-06-20

Jiang Wu , Huan Yi , Xi Zheng +1 more | Sustainability

The new energy vehicle (NEV) industry has become one of the most important industries in China’s economic development. Based on the panel data of 27 provincial administrative regions in China … The new energy vehicle (NEV) industry has become one of the most important industries in China’s economic development. Based on the panel data of 27 provincial administrative regions in China from 2011 to 2022, combined with the random effect panel of the Tobit model and the Bootstrap method to test the multiple intermediary paths, this paper studies the impact of new energy vehicle promotion (NEVP) in China on regional green development, taking into account the intermediary effect and regional heterogeneity of NEVP on the green development level (GDL). The results show that NEVP significantly promotes the GDL. The mediating effect of NEVP to improve local-level green development through the digital economy level is significant in the eastern region, while in the central and western regions, it is not significant. NEVP can significantly promote the upgrading of regional industrial structure and the construction of transportation infrastructure in the eastern, central, and western regions so as to improve the local GDL.

Mac-dp: multi-agent control for dynamic placement of electric vehicle charging stations

2025-06-20

Lo Pang-Yun Ting , Yanshu Guo , Chi-Chun Lin +2 more | International Journal of Data Science and Analytics