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Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Advanced Photonic Communication Systems

Works Count: 38576

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the intersection of microwave photonics and optical access networks, covering topics such as photonic signal processing, radio over fiber, passive optical networks, millimeter-wave generation, photonic integrated circuits, dynamic bandwidth allocation, fiber-wireless networks, and analog-to-digital converters.

Keywords

Microwave Photonics; Photonic Signal Processing; Optical Access Networks; Radio Over Fiber; Passive Optical Network; Millimeter-Wave Generation; Photonic Integrated Circuits; Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation; Fiber-Wireless Networks; Analog-to-Digital Converters

Programmable photonic signal processor chip for radiofrequency applications

2015-09-24
Leimeng Zhuang , Chris Roeloffzen , Marcel Hoekman +2 more
Integrated microwave photonics, an emerging technology combining radio frequency (RF) engineering and integrated photonics, has great potential to be adopted for wideband analog processing applications.However, it has been a challenge … Integrated microwave photonics, an emerging technology combining radio frequency (RF) engineering and integrated photonics, has great potential to be adopted for wideband analog processing applications.However, it has been a challenge to provide photonic integrated circuits with equal levels of function flexibility as compared with their electronic counterparts.Here, we introduce a disruptive approach to tackle this need, which is analogous to an electronic field-programmable gate array.We use a grid of tunable Mach-Zehnder couplers interconnected in a two-dimensional mesh network, each working as a photonic processing unit.Such a device is able to be programmed into many different circuit topologies and thereby provide a diversity of functions.This paper provides, to the best of our knowledge, the first ever demonstration of this concept and shows that a programmable chip with a free spectral range of 14 GHz enables RF filters featuring continuous, over-two-octave frequency coverage, i.e., 1.6-6 GHz, and variable passband shaping ranging from a 55 dB extinction notch filter to a 1.6 GHz bandwidth flat-top filter.
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Microwave photonics combines two worlds

2007-06-01
J. Capmany , Dalma Novak

OFDM for Next-Generation Optical Access Networks

2011-09-01
Neda Cvijetic
In this tutorial overview, the principles, advantages, challenges, and practical requirements of optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based optical access are presented, with an emphasis on orthogonal frequency division multiple … In this tutorial overview, the principles, advantages, challenges, and practical requirements of optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based optical access are presented, with an emphasis on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) for application in next-generation passive optical networks (PON). General OFDM principles, including orthogonality, cyclic prefix use, frequency-domain equalization, and multiuser OFDMA are summarized, followed by an overview of various optical OFDM(A) transceiver architectures for next-generation PON. Functional requirements are outlined for high-speed digital signal processors (DSP) and data converters in OFDMA-PON. A techno-economic outlook for such a "software-defined," DSP-based optical access platform is also provided.

The optoelectronic oscillator

2011-11-30
Lute Maleki

Optoelectronic oscillator for photonic systems

1996-07-01
X. Steve Yao , Lute Maleki
We describe a novel photonic oscillator that converts continuous-light energy into stable and spectrally pure microwave signals. This optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) consists of a pump laser and a feedback circuit … We describe a novel photonic oscillator that converts continuous-light energy into stable and spectrally pure microwave signals. This optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) consists of a pump laser and a feedback circuit including an intensity modulator, an optical-fiber delay line, a photodetector an amplifier, and a filter. We present the results of a quasi-linear theory for describing the properties of the oscillator and their experimental verifications. Our findings indicate that the OEO can generate ultrastable, spectrally pure microwave-reference signals up to 75 GHz with a phase noise lower than -140 dBc/Hz at 10 KHz. We show that the OEO is a special voltage-controlled oscillator with an optical-output port and can be synchronized to a reference source by means of optical injection locking, electrical injection locking, and a phase-locked loop. Other OEO applications include high-frequency reference regeneration and distribution, high-gain frequency multiplication, comb frequency and pulse generation, carrier recovery, and clock recovery.

Time- and Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON) for Next-Generation PON Stage 2 (NG-PON2)

2012-08-28
Yuanqiu Luo , Xiaoping Zhou , Frank Effenberger +4 more
The next-generation passive optical network stage 2 (NG-PON2) effort was initiated by the full service access network (FSAN) in 2011 to investigate on upcoming technologies enabling a bandwidth increase beyond … The next-generation passive optical network stage 2 (NG-PON2) effort was initiated by the full service access network (FSAN) in 2011 to investigate on upcoming technologies enabling a bandwidth increase beyond 10 Gb/s in the optical access network. The FSAN meeting in April 2012 selected the time- and wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) as a primary solution to NG-PON2. In this paper, we summarize the TWDM-PON research in FSAN by reviewing the basics of TWDM-PON and presenting the world's first full-system 40 Gb/s TWDM-PON prototype. After introducing the TWDM-PON architecture, we explore TWDM-PON wavelength plan options to meet the NG-PON2 requirements. TWDM-PON key technologies and their respective level of development are further discussed to investigate its feasibility and availability. The first full-system 40 Gb/s TWDM-PON prototype is demonstrated to provide 40 Gb/s downstream and 10 Gb/s upstream bandwidth. This full prototype system offers 38 dB power budget and supports 20 km distance with a 1:512 split ratio. It coexists with commercially deployed Gigabit PON (G-PON) and 10 Gigabit PON (XG-PON) systems. The operator-vendor joint test results testify that TWDM-PON is achievable by the reuse and integration of commercial devices and components.

Technique for optical SSB generation to overcome dispersion penalties in fibre-radio systems

1997-01-02
George Smith , Dalma Novak , Z. Ahmed
The authors present a novel method for generating an optical carrier with single sideband modulation using a dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator biased at quadrature. It is proposed and demonstrated experimentally that … The authors present a novel method for generating an optical carrier with single sideband modulation using a dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator biased at quadrature. It is proposed and demonstrated experimentally that this simple technique can be used to reduce dispersion power penalties in fibre-radio systems.

Low-power, chip-based stimulated Brillouin scattering microwave photonic filter with ultrahigh selectivity

2015-01-20
David Marpaung , Blair Morrison , Mattia Pagani +5 more
Highly selective and reconfigurable microwave filters are of great importance in radio-frequency signal processing. Microwave photonic (MWP) filters are of particular interest, as they offer flexible reconfiguration and an order … Highly selective and reconfigurable microwave filters are of great importance in radio-frequency signal processing. Microwave photonic (MWP) filters are of particular interest, as they offer flexible reconfiguration and an order of magnitude higher frequency tuning range than electronic filters. However, all MWP filters to date have been limited by trade-offs between key parameters such as tuning range, resolution, and suppression. This problem is exacerbated in the case of integrated MWP filters, blocking the path to compact, high-performance filters. Here we show the first chip-based MWP bandstop filter with ultrahigh suppression, high resolution in the megahertz range, and 0–30 GHz frequency tuning. This record performance was achieved using an ultralow Brillouin gain from a compact photonic chip and a novel approach of optical resonance-assisted RF signal cancellation. The results point to new ways of creating energy-efficient and reconfigurable integrated MWP signal processors for wireless communications and defence applications.
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An Analysis of the factors which determine signal/noise discrimination in pulsed-carrier systems

1963-01-01
Darren North
The smallest signal discernible through background noise is formulated in terms of the pulse energy, its repetition rate, the receiver design, and the choice of integrating and indicating means. The … The smallest signal discernible through background noise is formulated in terms of the pulse energy, its repetition rate, the receiver design, and the choice of integrating and indicating means. The smallest signal visible on a Type-A scan can be improved upon by the use of electromechanical integrators. Integration before detection is, in theory, ultimately the most effective, but runs into serious practical difficulties. These are avoided when the integration is performed after detection. Optimum predetector selectivity is formulated. The optimum detector (square law) is found, and other detectors compared. A transmitter criterion provides a basis for comparing the effectiveness of transmitters, and shows how, at the expense of range resolution, longer pulses can increase visibility.

Photonic signal processing of microwave signals

2006-02-01
R.A. Minasian
Photonic signal processing offers the prospect of realizing extremely high multigigahertz sampling frequencies, overcoming inherent electronic limitations. This stems from the intrinsic excellent delay properties of optical delay lines. These … Photonic signal processing offers the prospect of realizing extremely high multigigahertz sampling frequencies, overcoming inherent electronic limitations. This stems from the intrinsic excellent delay properties of optical delay lines. These processors provide new capabilities for realizing high time-bandwidth operation and high-resolution performance. In-fiber signal processors are inherently compatible with fiber-optic microwave systems and can provide connectivity with built-in signal conditioning. Fundamental principles of photonic signal processing, including sampling, tuning, and noise, are discussed. Structures that can extend the performance of photonic signal processors are presented, including methods for improving the filter shape characteristics of interference mitigation filters, techniques to increase the stopband attenuation of bandpass filters, and methods to achieve large free spectral range. Several photonic signal processors, including high-resolution microwave filters, widely tunable filters, arbitrary waveform generators, and fast signal correlators, are discussed. Techniques to solve the fundamental noise problem in photonic signal processors are described, and coherence-free structures for few-tap notch filters are discussed. Finally, a new concept for realizing multiple-tap coherence-free processor filters, based on a new frequency-shifting technique, is presented. The structure not only eliminates the phase-induced intensity noise limitation, but can also generate a large number of taps to enable the achievement of processors with high performance and high resolution.

TeraHertz Photonics for Wireless Communications

2014-09-17
A.J. Seeds , Haymen Shams , Martyn J. Fice +1 more
Optical fibre transmission has enabled greatly increased transmission rates with 10 Gb/s common in local area networks. End users find wireless access highly convenient for mobile communication. However, limited spectrum … Optical fibre transmission has enabled greatly increased transmission rates with 10 Gb/s common in local area networks. End users find wireless access highly convenient for mobile communication. However, limited spectrum availability at microwave frequencies results in per-user transmission rates limited to much lower values, e.g., 500 Mb/s for 5-GHz band IEEE 802.11ac. Extending the high data-rate capacity of optical fiber transmission to wireless devices requires greatly increased carrier frequencies. This paper will describe how photonic techniques can enable ultrahigh capacity wireless data distribution and transmission using signals at millimeter-wave and TeraHertz (THz) frequencies.
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Microwave Photonic Signal Processing

2012-10-03
J. Capmany , J. Mora , Ivana Gasulla +3 more
This paper reviews the recent advances in the field of radio frequency signal processing using photonic devices and subsystems or microwave photonic (MWP) signal processing. We focus our attention on … This paper reviews the recent advances in the field of radio frequency signal processing using photonic devices and subsystems or microwave photonic (MWP) signal processing. We focus our attention on the results reported during the last six years, as previous work has been adequately addressed in previous review papers. After a brief introduction to the basic concepts involved in MWP signal processing, we focus our attention on the most significant advances reported by different research groups in overcoming their main limitation factors. Recent advances in the emergent topic of integrated MWP signal processors are also covered and the novel approaches toward the evaluation of the main figures of merit are discussed. New proposed applications and future directions of work are also considered.

A fully photonics-based coherent radar system

2014-03-18
Paolo Ghelfi , Francesco Laghezza , Filippo Scotti +7 more
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Multiloop optoelectronic oscillator

2000-01-01
X. Steve Yao , Lute Maleki
We describe and demonstrate a multiloop technique for single-mode selection in an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). We present experimental results of a dual loop OEO, free running at 10 GHz, that … We describe and demonstrate a multiloop technique for single-mode selection in an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). We present experimental results of a dual loop OEO, free running at 10 GHz, that has the lowest phase noise (-140 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz from carrier) of all free-running room-temperature oscillators to date. Finally, we demonstrate the first fiber-optic implementation of the carrier suppression technique to further reduce the close-to-carrier phase noise of the oscillator by at least 20 dB.

Chromatic dispersion in fiber-optic microwave and millimeter-wave links

1996-01-01
U. Gliese , S. Nørskov , Theodor Nielsen
The influence of chromatic fiber-dispersion on the transmission distance of fiber-optic microwave and millimeter-wave links is analyzed and discussed in this paper. It is shown that dispersion significantly limits the … The influence of chromatic fiber-dispersion on the transmission distance of fiber-optic microwave and millimeter-wave links is analyzed and discussed in this paper. It is shown that dispersion significantly limits the transmission distance in intensity modulated direct detection links operating in the above 20 GHz frequency region by inducing a carrier to noise penalty on the transmitted signal. At 60 GHz, a 1 dB penalty is induced after less than 500 m transmission over standard single-mode fiber with a dispersion of 17 ps/km/spl middot/nm and the signal is completely extinct after 1 km. In remote heterodyne detection links, the dispersion induces both a carrier to noise penalty and a phase noise increase on the transmitted signal. It is shown, however, that the induced carrier to noise penalty is insignificant. At 60 GHz, the induced penalty is less than 0.3 dB after 100 km transmission. The phase noise increase proves more dominant. At 60 GHz, a 150 Mbit/s QPSK signal is limited to around 10 km of transmission.

High-Speed and High-Output InP–InGaAs Unitraveling-Carrier Photodiodes

2004-07-01
Hiroshi Itô , Satoshi Kodama , Y. Muramoto +3 more
The unitraveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) is a novel photodiode that utilizes only electrons as the active carriers. This unique feature is the key for its ability to achieve excellent high-speed and … The unitraveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) is a novel photodiode that utilizes only electrons as the active carriers. This unique feature is the key for its ability to achieve excellent high-speed and high-output characteristics simultaneously. To date, a record 3-dB bandwidth of 310 GHz and a millimeter-wave output power of over 20 mW at 100 GHz have been achieved. The superior capability of the UTC-PD for generating very large high-bit-rate electrical signals as well as a very high RF output power in millimeter/submillimeter ranges can lead to innovations in various systems, such as broadband optical communications systems, wireless communications systems, and high-frequency measurement systems. Accomplishments include photoreceivers of up to 160 Gb/s, error-free DEMUX operations using an integrated UTC-PD driven optical gate of up to 320 Gb/s, a 10-Gb/s millimeter-wave wireless link at 120 GHz, submillimeter-wave generation at frequencies of up to 1.5 THz, and photonic frequency conversion with an efficiency of -8 dB at 60 GHz. For the practical use, various types of modules, such as a 1-mm coaxial connector module, a rectangular-waveguide output module, and a quasi-optic module, have been developed. The superior reliability and stability are also confirmed demonstrating usefulness of the UTC-PD for the system applications.

Dynamic bandwidth allocation for quality-of-service over ethernet PONs

2003-11-01
Chadi Assi , Yinghua Ye , Sudhir Dixit +1 more
Ethernet-based passive optical network (EPON) technology is being considered as a promising solution for next-generation broadband access networks due to the convergence of low-cost Ethernet equipment and low-cost fiber infrastructures. … Ethernet-based passive optical network (EPON) technology is being considered as a promising solution for next-generation broadband access networks due to the convergence of low-cost Ethernet equipment and low-cost fiber infrastructures. A major feature for this new architecture is the use of a shared transmission media between all users; hence, medium access control arbitration mechanisms are essential for the successful implementation of EPON: i.e., to ensure a contention-free transmission and provide end users with equal access to the shared media. We propose to use the multipoint control protocol defined by the IEEE 802.3ah task force to arbitrate the transmission of different users, and we present different dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms to allocate bandwidths effectively and fairly between end users. These DBA algorithms are also augmented to support differentiated services, a crucial requirement for a converged broadband access network with heterogeneous traffic. We show that queueing delays under strict bandwidth allocation algorithms result in an unexpected behavior for certain traffic classes, and we suggest the use of DBA with appropriate local queue management to alleviate this inappropriate behavior. We conduct detailed simulation experiments to study the performance and validate the effectiveness of the proposed protocols.

Fiber-Wireless Networks and Subsystem Technologies

2009-09-04
Christina Lim , Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas , M. Bakaul +5 more
Hybrid fiber-wireless networks incorporating WDM technology for fixed wireless access operating in the sub-millimeter-wave and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency regions are being actively pursued to provide untethered connectivity for ultrahigh bandwidth … Hybrid fiber-wireless networks incorporating WDM technology for fixed wireless access operating in the sub-millimeter-wave and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency regions are being actively pursued to provide untethered connectivity for ultrahigh bandwidth communications. The architecture of such radio networks requires a large number of antenna base-stations with high throughput to be deployed to maximize the geographical coverage with the main switching and routing functionalities located in a centralized location. The transportation of mm-wave wireless signals within the hybrid network is subject to several impairments including low opto-electronic conversion efficiency, fiber chromatic dispersion and also degradation due to nonlinearities along the link. One of the major technical challenges in implementing such networks lies in the mitigation of these various optical impairments that the wireless signals experience within the hybrid network. In this paper, we present an overview of different techniques to optically transport mm-wave wireless signals and to overcome impairments associated with the transport of the wireless signals. We also review the different designs of subsystems for integrating fiber-wireless technology onto existing optical infrastructure.

Photonic time-stretched analog-to-digital converter: fundamental concepts and practical considerations

2003-12-01
Yan Han , Bahram Jalali
Ultra-wide-band analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion is one of the most critical problems faced in communication, instrumentation, and radar systems. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the recently proposed time-stretched A/D … Ultra-wide-band analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion is one of the most critical problems faced in communication, instrumentation, and radar systems. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the recently proposed time-stretched A/D converter. By reducing the signal bandwidth prior to digitization, this technique offers revolutionary enhancements in the performance of electronic converters. The paper starts with a fundamental-physics analysis of the time-wavelength transformation and the implication of time dilation on the signal-to-noise ratio. A detailed mathematical description of the time-stretch process is then constructed. It elucidates the influence of linear and nonlinear optical dispersion on the fidelity of the electrical signal. Design issues of a single-sideband time-stretch system, as they relate to broad-band operation, are examined. Problems arising from the nonuniform optical power spectral density are explained, and two methods for overcoming them are described. As proof of the concept, 120 GSa/s real-time digitization of a 20-GHz signal is demonstrated. Finally, design issues and performance features of a continuous-time time-stretch system are discussed.

Optical millimeter-wave generation or up-conversion using external modulators

2005-12-22
Jianjun Yu , Zhensheng Jia , Lilin Yi +3 more
We have experimentally compared the performances of optical millimeter-wave generation or up-conversion using external modulators based on different modulation schemes. The generated or up-converted optical millimeter wave using the optical … We have experimentally compared the performances of optical millimeter-wave generation or up-conversion using external modulators based on different modulation schemes. The generated or up-converted optical millimeter wave using the optical carrier suppression (OCS) modulation scheme shows the highest receiver sensitivity, highest spectral efficiency, and smallest power penalty over long-distance delivery. Moreover, the OCS modulation scheme has a simple configuration and low-frequency bandwidth requirement for both electrical and optical components. Employing an OCS modulation scheme, 16-channel dense wavelength-division multiplexing signals at 2.5-Gb/s per channel have been up-converted to a 40-GHz carrier simultaneously.

Fiber-to-the-Home Services Based on Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing Passive Optical Network

2004-11-01
Soo‐Jin Park , C.-H. Lee , Ki-Tae Jeong +3 more
It is anticipated that more than 75 Mb/s per subscriber is required for the convergence service such as triple-play service (TPS). Among several types of high-speed access network technologies, wavelength-division-multiplexing … It is anticipated that more than 75 Mb/s per subscriber is required for the convergence service such as triple-play service (TPS). Among several types of high-speed access network technologies, wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) is the most favorable for the required bandwidth in the near future. Furthermore, WDM technologies, such as athermal arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) and low-cost light source, have matured enough to be applied in the access network. In this paper, the authors propose and implement a WDM-PON system as a platform for TPS. The system employs an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE)-injected Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot laser diode scheme. It has 32 channels of 125 Mb/s and adopts Ethernet as Layer 2. Multicast and virtual local area network features are used for the integration of services such as Internet protocol high-definition broadcast, voice-over Internet protocol, video on demand, and video telephone. The services were demonstrated using the WDM-PON system.

Radio Over Fiber Link Design for Next Generation Wireless Systems

2010-03-26
D. Wake , Anthony Nkansah , Nathan J. Gomes
The performance of radio over fiber (RoF) links using low cost optoelectronic components is assessed for distributed antenna applications in next generation wireless systems. Important design issues are discussed and … The performance of radio over fiber (RoF) links using low cost optoelectronic components is assessed for distributed antenna applications in next generation wireless systems. Important design issues are discussed and an example link design is presented for a wireless system requiring the transmission of four radio channels per link direction, each with 100 MHz bandwidth, modulation complexity of 256-QAM and 2048 OFDM subcarriers. We show that the noise introduced by the RoF links does not have a significant impact on wireless range, provided the wireless system has uplink power control. Finally, we compare the cost and performance of RoF links for this application with alternative link types that use digitized radio transmission and show that RoF is the optimum choice from a cost perspective.
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The first demonstration of an optically steered microwave phased array antenna using true-time-delay

1991-01-01
W. Ng , A. Walston , Gregory L. Tangonan +3 more
The concept of true-time-delay steering for phased array antennas and its advantage over phase shifters in broadband applications are described with particular emphasis on the potential advantages offered by fiber-optic … The concept of true-time-delay steering for phased array antennas and its advantage over phase shifters in broadband applications are described with particular emphasis on the potential advantages offered by fiber-optic delay lines. The system architecture of the phased array antenna and the design and performance of the fiber-optic time-shifter networks in the antenna are described. The radiation patterns of the phased array antenna at L and X bands are presented. Using semiconductor laser switching to implement the delay times, the absence of beam squint in the antenna pattern and its frequency was switched from L to X band is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Next-Generation Optical Access Networks

2007-11-01
L.G. Kazovsky , Wei‐Tao Shaw , David Gutierrez +2 more
The main bandwidth bottleneck in today's networks is in the access segment. To address that bottleneck, broadband fiber access technologies such as passive optical networks (PONs) are an indispensable solution. … The main bandwidth bottleneck in today's networks is in the access segment. To address that bottleneck, broadband fiber access technologies such as passive optical networks (PONs) are an indispensable solution. The industry has selected time-division multiplexing (TDM) for current PON deployments. To satisfy future bandwidth demands, however, next-generation PON systems are being investigated to provide even higher performance. In this paper, we first review current TDM-PONs; we designate them as generation C. Next, we review next-generation PON systems, which we categorize into C+1 and C+2 generations. We expect C+1 systems to provide economic near-term bandwidth upgrade by overlaying new services on current TDM-PONs. For the long term, C+2 systems will provide more dramatic system improvement using wavelength division multiplexing technologies. Some C+2 architectures require new infrastructures and/or equipment, whereas others employ a more evolutionary approach. We also review key enabling components and technologies for C+1 and C+2 generations and point out important topics for future research.
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Fiber to the Home/Fiber to the Premises: What, Where, and When?

2006-05-01
A.M.J. Koonen
After conquering the core and metropolitan networks, fiber is now penetrating into the access domain. Its low loss and huge bandwidth enable the delivery of any current and foreseeable set … After conquering the core and metropolitan networks, fiber is now penetrating into the access domain. Its low loss and huge bandwidth enable the delivery of any current and foreseeable set of broadband services, and also make it a nice match to the wireless link to the end user. Cost effectiveness is a key issue, and will be decisive for the network topology choices. Point-to-point may be the most cost-effective for short-reach access, whereas point-to-multipoint may be the most interesting at medium- to long-reach access, or when line terminations in the local exchange become a key issue. A number of optical techniques being deployed for shared-fiber multiple access are discussed, based on time slot multiplexing, frequency slot multiplexing, code division multiplexing, and wavelength multiplexing, including their application in fiber to the home/fiber to the premises (FTTH/FTTP) networks for fast data transfer (asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) or Ethernet based) and for broadband service distribution (such as CATV). In the research laboratories, techniques aiming at next-generation optical access are being studied, such as wavelength routing for flexible capacity allocation and easily adaptable hosting of services and service providers, and radio-over-fiber techniques creating a powerful symbiosis of the fiber world and the wireless world by enabling centralized radio signal processing

Overcoming chromatic-dispersion effects in fiber-wireless systems incorporating external modulators

1997-01-01
George Smith , Dalma Novak , Zabir Ahmed
We demonstrate two techniques to reduce the effects of fiber chromatic dispersion in fiber-wireless systems incorporating external modulators. We theoretically and experimentally show that the achievable link distance can be … We demonstrate two techniques to reduce the effects of fiber chromatic dispersion in fiber-wireless systems incorporating external modulators. We theoretically and experimentally show that the achievable link distance can be increased by varying the chirp parameter of the modulator to give large negative chirp using a dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) biased at quadrature. In addition, we show that dispersion can be almost totally overcome by implementing a simple method using the dual-electrode MZM to generate an optical carrier with single sideband (SSB) modulation. We demonstrate the transmission of a 51.8-Mb/s pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) at 12 GHz over 80 km of standard single-mode fiber using the SSB generator and measure a bit-error-rate (BER) power penalty due to fiber dispersion of less than 0.5 dB for a BER equal to 10/sup -9/.

Wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) technologies for broadband access: a review [Invited]

2005-01-01
Amitabha Banerjee , Youngil Park , Frederick Clarke +5 more
Feature Issue on Optical Access Networks (OAN) The passive optical network (PON) is an optical fiber based network architecture, which can provide much higher bandwidth in the access network compared … Feature Issue on Optical Access Networks (OAN) The passive optical network (PON) is an optical fiber based network architecture, which can provide much higher bandwidth in the access network compared to traditional copper-based networks. Incorporating wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) in a PON allows one to support much higher bandwidth compared to the standard PON, which operates in the "single-wavelength mode" where one wavelength is used for upstream transmission and a separate one is used for downstream transmission. We present a comprehensive review of various aspects of WDM-PONs proposed in the literature. This includes enabling device technologies for WDM-PONs and network architectures, as well as the corresponding protocols and services that may be deployed on a WDM-PON. The WDM-PON will become a revolutionary and scalable broadband access technology that will provide high bandwidth to end users.

Orthogonal-frequency-division multiplexing for dispersion compensation of long-haul optical systems

2006-01-01
Arthur J. Lowery , Jean Armstrong
We show using simulations that a combination of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Optical Single Sideband Modulation (OSSB) can be used to adaptively compensate for chromatic dispersion in ultra-long-haul … We show using simulations that a combination of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Optical Single Sideband Modulation (OSSB) can be used to adaptively compensate for chromatic dispersion in ultra-long-haul 10 Gbps Standard Single-Mode Fiber (S-SMF) links. Additionally, for optical noise limited systems with Forward-Error Correction, OFDM can tolerate an Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) 0.5 dB higher than NRZ systems providing the optical carrier is suppressed.

Fiber to the Home Using a PON Infrastructure

2006-12-01
Changhee Lee , Wayne V. Sorin , Byoung Yoon Kim
Traffic patterns in access networks have evolved from voice- and text-oriented services to video- and image-based services. This change will require new access networks that support high-speed (> 100 Mb/s), … Traffic patterns in access networks have evolved from voice- and text-oriented services to video- and image-based services. This change will require new access networks that support high-speed (> 100 Mb/s), symmetric, and guaranteed bandwidths for future video services with high-definition TV quality. To satisfy the required bandwidth over a 20-km transmission distance, single-mode optical fiber is currently the only practical choice. To minimize the cost of implementing an FTTP solution, a passive optical network (PON) that uses a point-to-multipoint architecture is generally considered to be the best approach. There are several multiple-access techniques to share a single PON architecture, and the authors addressed several of these approaches such as time-division multiple access, wavelength-division multiple access, subcarrier multiple access, and code-division multiple access. Among these multiple techniques, they focus on time-division multiplexing (TDM)-PON and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)-PON, which will be the most promising candidates for practical future systems. A TDM-PON shares a single-transmission channel with multiple subscribers in time domain. Then, there exists tight coupling between subscribers. A WDM-PON provides point-to-point optical connectivity using a dedicated pair of wavelengths per user. While a TDM-PON appears to be a satisfactory solution for current bandwidth demands, the combination of future data-rate projections and traffic patterns coupled with recent advances in WDM technology may result in WDM-PON becoming the preferred solution for a future proof fiber-based access network

PHASAR-based WDM-devices: Principles, design and applications

1996-06-01
M.K. Smit , C. van Dam
Wavelength multiplexers, demultiplexers and routers based on optical phased arrays play a key role in multiwavelength telecommunication links and networks. In this paper, a detailed description of phased-array operation and … Wavelength multiplexers, demultiplexers and routers based on optical phased arrays play a key role in multiwavelength telecommunication links and networks. In this paper, a detailed description of phased-array operation and design is presented and an overview is given of the most important applications.
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Discrete-time optical Processing of microwave signals

2005-02-01
J. Capmany , B. Ortega , D. Pastor +1 more
This paper presents the fundamental principles and recent advances in the field of photonic filtering of microwave signals using discrete-time incoherent processing. We also provide a comprehensive review of the … This paper presents the fundamental principles and recent advances in the field of photonic filtering of microwave signals using discrete-time incoherent processing. We also provide a comprehensive review of the fundamentals, applications, and current state of the art.

Terahertz wireless communications based on photonics technologies

2013-09-30
Tadao Nagatsuma , Shogo Horiguchi , Yusuke Minamikata +6 more
There has been an increasing interest in the application of terahertz (THz) waves to broadband wireless communications. In particular, use of frequencies above 275 GHz is one of the strong … There has been an increasing interest in the application of terahertz (THz) waves to broadband wireless communications. In particular, use of frequencies above 275 GHz is one of the strong concerns among radio scientists and engineers, because these frequency bands have not yet been allocated at specific active services, and there is a possibility to employ extremely large bandwidths for ultra-broadband wireless communications. Introduction of photonics technologies for signal generation, modulation and detection is effective not only to enhance the bandwidth and/or the data rate, but also to combine fiber-optic (wired) and wireless networks. This paper reviews recent progress in THz wireless communications using telecom-based photonics technologies towards 100 Gbit/s.

A tutorial on microwave photonic filters

2006-01-01
J. Capmany , B. Ortega , D. Pastor
Microwave photonic filters are photonic subsystems designed with the aim of carrying equivalent tasks to those of an ordinary microwave filter within a radio frequency (RF) system or link, bringing … Microwave photonic filters are photonic subsystems designed with the aim of carrying equivalent tasks to those of an ordinary microwave filter within a radio frequency (RF) system or link, bringing supplementary advantages inherent to photonics such as low loss, high bandwidth, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), tunability, and reconfigurability. There is an increasing interest in this subject since, on one hand, emerging broadband wireless access networks and standards spanning from universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) to fixed access picocellular networks and including wireless local area network (WLAN), World Interoperability for Microwave Access, Inc. (WIMAX), local multipoint distribution service (LMDS), etc., require an increase in capacity by reducing the coverage area. An enabling technology to obtain this objective is based on radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems where signal processing is carried at a central office to where signals are carried from inexpensive remote antenna units (RAUs). On the other hand, microwave photonic filters can find applications in specialized fields such as radar and photonic beamsteering of phased-arrayed antennas, where dynamical reconfiguration is an added value. This paper provides a tutorial introduction of this subject to the reader not working directly in the field but interested in getting an overall introduction of the subject and also to the researcher wishing to get a comprehensive background before working on the subject.

Receiver Design for Digital Fiber Optic Communication Systems, I

1973-07-08
Stewart D. Personick
This paper is concerned with a systematic approach to the design of the “linear channel” of a repeater for a digital fiber optic communication system. In particular, it is concerned … This paper is concerned with a systematic approach to the design of the “linear channel” of a repeater for a digital fiber optic communication system. In particular, it is concerned with how one properly chooses the front-end preamplifier and biasing circuitry for the photodetector; and how the required power to achieve a desired error rate varies with the bit rate, the received optical pulse shape, and the desired baseband-equalized output pulse shape. It is shown that a proper front-end design incorporates a high-impedance preamplifier which tends to integrate the detector output. This must be followed by proper equalization in the later stages of the linear channel. The baseband signal-to-noise ratio is calculated as a function of the preamplifier parameters. Such a design provides significant reduction in the required optical power and/or required avalanche gain when compared to a design which does not integrate initially. It is shown that, when the received optical pulses overlap and when the optical channel is behaving linearly in power, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> baseband equalization can be used to separate the pulses with a practical but significant increase in required optical power. This required power penalty is calculated as a function of the input and equalized pulse shapes.

Microwave Photonics

2006-12-01
A.J. Seeds , Keith J. Williams
The low-loss wide bandwidth capability of opto-electronic systems makes them attractive for the transmission and processing of microwave signals, while the development of high-capacity optical communication systems has required the … The low-loss wide bandwidth capability of opto-electronic systems makes them attractive for the transmission and processing of microwave signals, while the development of high-capacity optical communication systems has required the use of microwave techniques in optical transmitters and receivers. These two strands have led to the development of the research area of microwave photonics. This paper reviews the development status of microwave photonic devices, describes their systems applications, and suggests some likely areas for future development

Photonic spin-controlled multifunctional shared-aperture antenna array

2016-04-22
Elhanan Maguid , Igor Yulevich , Dekel Veksler +3 more
Multifunction planar optics Specially designed two-dimensional (2D) arrays of nanometer-scale metallic antennas, or metasurfaces, may allow bulky optical components to be shrunk down to a planar device structure. Khorasaninejad et … Multifunction planar optics Specially designed two-dimensional (2D) arrays of nanometer-scale metallic antennas, or metasurfaces, may allow bulky optical components to be shrunk down to a planar device structure. Khorasaninejad et al. show that arrays of nanoscale fins of TiO can function as high-end optical lenses. At just a fraction of the size of optical objectives, such planar devices could turn your phone camera or your contact lens into a compound microscope. Maguid et al. interleaved sparse 2D arrays of metal antennas to get multifunctional behavior from the one planar device structure (see the Perspective by Litchinitser). The enhanced functionality of such designed metasurfaces could be used in sensing applications or to increase the communication capacity of nanophotonic networks. Science , this issue pp. 1190 and 1202 ; see also p. 1177
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Photonics for microwave measurements

2016-07-18
Xihua Zou , Bing Lü , Wei Pan +3 more
Abstract As an emerging topic, photonic‐assisted microwave measurements with distinct features such as wide frequency coverage, large instantaneous bandwidth, low frequency‐dependent loss, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, have been extensively … Abstract As an emerging topic, photonic‐assisted microwave measurements with distinct features such as wide frequency coverage, large instantaneous bandwidth, low frequency‐dependent loss, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, have been extensively studied recently. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in photonic microwave measurements, including microwave spectrum analysis, instantaneous frequency measurement, microwave channelization, Doppler frequency‐shift measurement, angle‐of‐arrival detection, time–frequency analysis, compressive sensing, and phase‐noise measurement. A photonic microwave radar, as a functional measurement system, is also reviewed. The performance of the photonic measurement solutions is evaluated and compared with the electronic solutions. Future prospects using photonic integrated circuits and software‐defined architectures to further improve the measurement performance are also discussed. image
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Photonic crystal nanocavity assisted rejection ratio tunable notch microwave photonic filter

2017-01-09
Yun‐Ze Long , Jinsong Xia , Yong Zhang +2 more
Abstract Driven by the increasing demand on handing microwave signals with compact device, low power consumption, high efficiency and high reliability, it is highly desired to generate, distribute, and process … Abstract Driven by the increasing demand on handing microwave signals with compact device, low power consumption, high efficiency and high reliability, it is highly desired to generate, distribute, and process microwave signals using photonic integrated circuits. Silicon photonics offers a promising platform facilitating ultracompact microwave photonic signal processing assisted by silicon nanophotonic devices. In this paper, we propose, theoretically analyze and experimentally demonstrate a simple scheme to realize ultracompact rejection ratio tunable notch microwave photonic filter (MPF) based on a silicon photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity with fixed extinction ratio. Using a conventional modulation scheme with only a single phase modulator (PM), the rejection ratio of the presented MPF can be tuned from about 10 dB to beyond 60 dB. Moreover, the central frequency tunable operation in the high rejection ratio region is also demonstrated in the experiment.
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Integrated microwave photonics

2013-01-16
David Marpaung , Chris Roeloffzen , René Heideman +3 more
Microwave photonics (MWP) is an emerging field in which radio frequency (RF) signals are generated, distributed, processed and analyzed using the strength of photonic techniques. It is a technology that … Microwave photonics (MWP) is an emerging field in which radio frequency (RF) signals are generated, distributed, processed and analyzed using the strength of photonic techniques. It is a technology that enables various functionalities which are not feasible to achieve only in the microwave domain. A particular aspect that recently gains significant interests is the use of photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technology in the MWP field for enhanced functionalities and robustness as well as the reduction of size, weight, cost and power consumption. This article reviews the recent advances in this emerging field which is dubbed as integrated microwave photonics. Key integrated MWP technologies are reviewed and the prospective of the field is discussed.
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Toward an Efficient C-RAN Optical Fronthaul for the Future Networks: A Tutorial on Technologies, Requirements, Challenges, and Solutions

2017-11-16
Isiaka A. Alimi , A. Teixeira , Paulo P. Monteiro
The exponential traffic growth, demand for high speed wireless data communications, as well as incessant deployment of innovative wireless technologies, services, and applications, have put considerable pressure on the mobile … The exponential traffic growth, demand for high speed wireless data communications, as well as incessant deployment of innovative wireless technologies, services, and applications, have put considerable pressure on the mobile network operators (MNOs). Consequently, cellular access network performance in terms of capacity, quality of service, and network coverage needs further considerations. In order to address the challenges, MNOs, as well as equipment vendors, have given significant attention to the small-cell schemes based on cloud radio access network (C-RAN). This is due to its beneficial features in terms of performance optimization, cost-effectiveness, easier infrastructure deployment, and network management. Nevertheless, the C-RAN architecture imposes stringent requirements on the fronthaul link for seamless connectivity. Digital radio over fiber-based common public radio interface (CPRI) is the fundamental means of distributing baseband samples in the C-RAN fronthaul. However, optical links which are based on CPRI have bandwidth and flexibility limitations. Therefore, these limitations might constrain or make them impractical for the next generation mobile systems which are envisaged not only to support carrier aggregation and multi-band but also envisioned to integrate technologies like millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and massive multiple-input multiple-output antennas into the base stations. In this paper, we present comprehensive tutorial on technologies, requirements, architectures, challenges, and proffer potential solutions on means of achieving an efficient C-RAN optical fronthaul for the next-generation network such as the fifth generation network and beyond. A number of viable fronthauling technologies such as mm-wave and wireless fidelity are considered and this paper mainly focuses on optical technologies such as optical fiber and free-space optical. We also present feasible means of reducing the system complexity, cost, bandwidth requirement, and latency in the fronthaul. Furthermore, means of achieving the goal of green communication networks through reduction in the power consumption by the system are considered.

Photonic analog-to-digital converters

2007-01-01
George C. Valley
This paper reviews over 30 years of work on photonic analog-to-digital converters. The review is limited to systems in which the input is a radio-frequency (RF) signal in the electronic … This paper reviews over 30 years of work on photonic analog-to-digital converters. The review is limited to systems in which the input is a radio-frequency (RF) signal in the electronic domain and the output is a digital version of that signal also in the electronic domain, and thus the review excludes photonic systems directed towards digitizing images or optical communication signals. The state of the art in electronic ADCs, basic properties of ADCs and properties of analog optical links, which are found in many photonic ADCs, are reviewed as background information for understanding photonic ADCs. Then four classes of photonic ADCs are reviewed: 1) photonic assisted ADC in which a photonic device is added to an electronic ADC to improve performance, 2) photonic sampling and electronic quantizing ADC, 3) electronic sampling and photonic quantizing ADC, and 4) photonic sampling and quantizing ADC. It is noted, however, that all 4 classes of "photonic ADC" require some electronic sampling and quantization. After reviewing all known photonic ADCs in the four classes, the review concludes with a discussion of the potential for photonic ADCs in the future.

Microwave Photonic Radars

2020-05-07
Shilong Pan , Yamei Zhang
As the only method for all-weather, all-time and long-distance target detection and recognition, radar has been intensively studied since it was invented, and is considered as an essential sensor for … As the only method for all-weather, all-time and long-distance target detection and recognition, radar has been intensively studied since it was invented, and is considered as an essential sensor for future intelligent society. In the past few decades, great efforts were devoted to improving radar's functionality, precision, and response time, of which the key is to generate, control and process a wideband signal with high speed. Thanks to the broad bandwidth, flat response, low loss transmission, multidimensional multiplexing, ultrafast analog signal processing and electromagnetic interference immunity provided by modern photonics, implementation of the radar in the optical domain can achieve better performance in terms of resolution, coverage, and speed which would be difficult (if not impossible) to implement using traditional, even state-of-the-art electronics. In this tutorial, we overview the distinct features of microwave photonics and some key microwave photonic technologies that are currently known to be attractive for radars. System architectures and their performance that may interest the radar society are emphasized. Emerging technologies in this area and possible future research directions are discussed.
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RF and Microwave Fractional Differentiator Based on Photonics

2020-01-09
Mengxi Tan , Xingyuan Xu , Bill Corcoran +7 more
We report a photonic radio frequency (RF) fractional differentiator based on an integrated Kerr micro-comb source. The micro-comb source has a free spectral range (FSR) of 49 GHz, generating a … We report a photonic radio frequency (RF) fractional differentiator based on an integrated Kerr micro-comb source. The micro-comb source has a free spectral range (FSR) of 49 GHz, generating a large number of comb lines that serve as a high-performance multi-wavelength source for the differentiator. By programming and shaping the comb lines according to calculated tap weights, arbitrary fractional orders ranging from 0.15 to 0.90 are achieved over a broad RF operation bandwidth of 15.49 GHz. We experimentally characterize the frequency-domain RF amplitude and phase responses as well as the temporal responses with a Gaussian pulse input. The experimental results show good agreement with theory, confirming the effectiveness of our approach towards high-performance fractional differentiators featuring broad processing bandwidth, high reconfigurability, and potentially greatly reduced size and cost.
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Microwave Photonics

2009-02-01
Jianping Yao
Broadband and low loss capability of photonics has led to an ever-increasing interest in its use for the generation, processing, control and distribution of microwave and millimeter-wave signals for applications … Broadband and low loss capability of photonics has led to an ever-increasing interest in its use for the generation, processing, control and distribution of microwave and millimeter-wave signals for applications such as broadband wireless access networks, sensor networks, radar, satellite communitarians, instrumentation and warfare systems. In this tutorial, techniques developed in the last few years in microwave photonics are reviewed with an emphasis on the systems architectures for photonic generation and processing of microwave signals, photonic true-time delay beamforming, radio-over-fiber systems, and photonic analog-to-digital conversion. Challenges in system implementation for practical applications and new areas of research in microwave photonics are also discussed.

Microwave photonics

2002-03-01
A.J. Seeds
The low-loss wide-bandwidth capability of optoelectronic systems makes them attractive for the transmission and processing of microwave signals, while the development of high-capacity optical communication systems has required the use … The low-loss wide-bandwidth capability of optoelectronic systems makes them attractive for the transmission and processing of microwave signals, while the development of high-capacity optical communication systems has required the use of microwave techniques in optical transmitters and receivers. These two strands have led to the development of the research area of microwave photonics. This paper describes the development of microwave photonic devices, describes their systems applications, and suggests likely areas for future development.

Microwave Photonics

2006-12-01
A.J. Seeds , Keith J. Williams
The low-loss wide bandwidth capability of opto-electronic systems makes them attractive for the transmission and processing of microwave signals, while the development of high-capacity optical communication systems has required the … The low-loss wide bandwidth capability of opto-electronic systems makes them attractive for the transmission and processing of microwave signals, while the development of high-capacity optical communication systems has required the use of microwave techniques in optical transmitters and receivers. These two strands have led to the development of the research area of microwave photonics. This paper reviews the development status of microwave photonic devices, describes their systems applications, and suggests some likely areas for future development

Advanced radio-over-fiber interfaces and high-speed optical links towards next-generation large-capacity fronthaul networks [Invited]

2025-06-24
Yicheng Xu , Leyan Fei , Yixiao Zhu +3 more | Journal of Optical Communications and Networking

Tunable optical millimeter-wave generation using digitally programmable optical frequency comb

2025-06-23
Mengyuan Ru , Yulong Huang , Jiayin Xue +3 more | Journal of Optics
Abstract In this paper, we propose the design and present a simulation demonstration of a system for tunable optical generation of microwave/millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signals using digitally programmable optical frequency comb … Abstract In this paper, we propose the design and present a simulation demonstration of a system for tunable optical generation of microwave/millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signals using digitally programmable optical frequency comb (OFC). This is the first time that digital signals have been used as an external modulation microwave source. Compared with using sinusoidal signals, the output signal of optical phase modulation driven by digital signals has flat comb lines. The average distribution of spectral energy in this way enables high-order sidebands to have higher energy, thereby reducing the energy loss of mm-wave generated by external modulation methods. By changing the center frequency of the optical narrowband bandpass filter, the frequency of the output mm-wave signal can be easily adjusted, achieving tunable optically generating mm-wave signals. The simulation results demonstrate that mm-wave generation in the Ku/Ka band of satellite communication network has been successfully realized. During the tuning process, the output mm-wave signal power stabilized at -14.5dBm, with an optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) of 43 dB and a radio frequency sideband suppression ratio (RFSSR) of 46 dB.

Announcing an IEEE/Optica Publishing Group Journal of Lightwave Technology Special Issue

2025-06-20
| IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics

Towards Scalable Passive Optically-Powered Fronthaul Networks [Invited, FNWF 2024]

2025-06-20
Egemen Erbayat , Gustavo de Oliveira Figueiredo , Shrinivas Petale +4 more | Journal of Optical Communications and Networking

A comparative study of dual-tone MWP links based on dual-drive MZM and DPMZM for tackling 3IMDs profile

2025-06-19
Pulkit Berwal , Sarika Singh | Journal of Optical Communications
Abstract This paper presents an overlook of different linearization schemes for generating linearized photonic signals of two different microwave photonic links based on dual-drive dual electrode Mach–Zehnder modulator (DE-MZM) and … Abstract This paper presents an overlook of different linearization schemes for generating linearized photonic signals of two different microwave photonic links based on dual-drive dual electrode Mach–Zehnder modulator (DE-MZM) and dual parallel MZM (DP-MZM). Linearization techniques used for respective links is mixed polarization and bias stabilization along with phase shifters. In this paper, problem of third order intermodulation distortion (3IMDs) products is taken into account which can deteriorate performance of the link profoundly. 41 dB improvements in suppression of 3IMDs are reported by launching appropriate values of polarization angles in DE-MZM link when compared to conventional non-linearized single MZM link. Also, suppression of 68 dB in powers of 3IMDs is reported for dual parallel configuration of same optical modulator by adjusting values of phase shifters and bias optimization of sub modulators.

A tone reservation encryption scheme based on Transformer-Long Short Term Memory in photonics-aided fiber wireless seamless integrated transmission system

2025-06-19
Zhiruo Guo , Bo Liu , Jianxin Ren +7 more | Optics Express

Real-time photonic detection of direction and chirp rate for blind microwave LFM signals

2025-06-18
Yuanyuan Yao , Shuna Yang , Fei Xu +3 more | Optics Communications

Widely-tunable optoelectronic oscillator using a microfiber coupler Sagnac loop

2025-06-16
Kajal Shiv Raj Meena , A Thayaba Nausheen , Mandeep Singh | Journal of Optics

INT-MC: Low-Overhead In-Band Network-Wide Telemetry Based on Matrix Completion

2025-06-16
Xin Zeng , Kun Xie , Yanbiao Li +5 more | ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
In-band Network Telemetry (INT) enhances real-time, high-resolution network monitoring capabilities by incorporating fine-grained internal state information into packets. Utilizing INT for network-wide visualization can significantly bolster network management and operation. … In-band Network Telemetry (INT) enhances real-time, high-resolution network monitoring capabilities by incorporating fine-grained internal state information into packets. Utilizing INT for network-wide visualization can significantly bolster network management and operation. Although existing studies have made significant contributions, they have not been able to simultaneously meet the following two objectives: 1) Comprehensive visibility of the network's internal state, which refers to obtaining information on all switch ports and their corresponding link states; 2) Low measurement overhead, which involves reducing measurement bandwidth overhead and minimizing the impact of the measurement process on the network. We designed INT-MC to meet both of these objectives. INT-MC is an efficient and cost-effective network-wide telemetry solution based on matrix completion. By modeling link metadata as a matrix and leveraging its low-rank property, INT-MC selectively measures certain links. It then employs matrix completion algorithms to infer information about unmeasured links, thereby achieving low-overhead network-wide telemetry. Designing paths to cover the target links involves an NP-complete problem, and the high computational complexity may delay the measurement tasks. To circumvent this, we propose an improved scheme based on Eulerian digraph decomposition, transforming the path calculation problem into a high-information path selection problem, significantly reducing computational costs. We have implemented an INT-MC prototype within the NSFNet topology, consisting of 14 Tofino switches and 10 end-hosts, and conducted extensive experiments and evaluations. The results indicate that INT-MC incurs only 16% of the measurement overhead compared to existing network-wide telemetry solutions, while achieving nearly identical accuracy. Even under high-frequency measurements of 20 times per second, the bandwidth overhead of INT-MC is approximately 0.075% of the total bandwidth, exerting minimal impact on the network.

Progress of all-photonic network for 6G mobile network in IOWN Global Forum

2025-06-16
Kenji Miyamoto , Yoshitsugu Sugai , Ryo Inohara | Journal of Optical Communications and Networking

Photoelectric frequency multiplication method

2025-06-13
Xiangrong Zhu , Ying Lin , Wei Ye +2 more | Optical Fiber Technology

Quantum-Enhanced Converged Wireless-Fiber 5G Fronthaul System: Security and Performance Optimization

2025-06-13
Honghui Dong | Applied and Computational Engineering
With the global deployment of 5G networks, the demand for high bandwidth and low latency has driven innovations in fronthaul architectures. However, traditional solutions face challenges related to security and … With the global deployment of 5G networks, the demand for high bandwidth and low latency has driven innovations in fronthaul architectures. However, traditional solutions face challenges related to security and signal interference. This paper proposes an innovative quantum-enhanced converged wireless-fiber 5G fronthaul system that integrates quantum key distribution (QKD) technology with a passive wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) architecture to achieve physical-layer secure communication. The system deploys the quantum transmitter (Alice) at the active antenna unit (AAU) side and the receiver (Bob) at the distribution unit (DU) side, leveraging the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, quantum measurement collapse theory, and the no-cloning theorem to detect eavesdropping attempts. Simulation results demonstrate the significant impact of noise detection probability, fiber loss, and transmission distance on both the secure key rate and quantum bit error rate (QBER). Key findings highlight the need to minimize fiber loss, reduce transmission distance, lower filter loss, decrease noise detection probability, and improve detection efficiency. These optimizations collectively enhance the secure key rate while reducing the QBER, thereby improving overall system reliability. Remarkably, this solution achieves these security enhancements without requiring large-scale modifications to existing infrastructure, offering a practical and cost-effective upgrade path for current 5G deployments while providing a future-proof foundation for emerging 6G networks. The architectures inherent scalability and compatibility make it particularly suitable for high-security applications, including government communications, financial transactions, and critical infrastructure protectionbridging the gap between theoretical quantum security and practical wireless network implementation.

Mechanisms of signal loss and reflection in optical fibers and their impact on radio direction finding efficiency in bent cable routes

2025-06-10
Аскар Абдыкадыров , Mereke Yerishova , Ainur Kuttybayeva +2 more | International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies
This scientific research investigates the mechanisms of signal loss and reflection in bent optical fiber routes and analyzes their impact on the efficiency of radio direction-finding systems based on numerical … This scientific research investigates the mechanisms of signal loss and reflection in bent optical fiber routes and analyzes their impact on the efficiency of radio direction-finding systems based on numerical and experimental data. The study revealed that at bending angles from 30° to 90°, signal loss increased from 0.05 dB to 0.25 dB, and the reflection coefficient rose from 1.2% to 4.8%, leading to a decrease in system sensitivity from 95.4% to 81.7%. Engineering solutions proposed include the use of bend-insensitive fibers, maintaining a minimum bending radius of the route, OTDR monitoring, and integration of regenerators. Additionally, channel capacity is enhanced through DWDM technology. The research results provide a scientific foundation aimed at improving the reliability and performance of optical communication and radio direction-finding systems.

Single-chip silicon photonic engine for analog optical and microwave signals processing

2025-06-01
Hong Deng , Jing Zhang , Emadreza Soltanian +7 more | Nature Communications
We present a photonic engine that processes both optical and microwave signals, and can convert signals between the two domains. Our photonic chip, fabricated in IMEC's iSiPP50G silicon photonics process, … We present a photonic engine that processes both optical and microwave signals, and can convert signals between the two domains. Our photonic chip, fabricated in IMEC's iSiPP50G silicon photonics process, is capable of both generation and detection of analog electrical and optical signals, and can program user-defined filter responses in both domains. This single chip integrates all essential photonic integrated components like modulators, optical filters, and photodetectors, as well as tunable lasers enabled by transfer-printed indium phosphide optical amplifiers. This makes it possible to operate the chip as a black-box microwave photonics processor, where the user can process high-frequency microwave signals without being exposed to inner optical operation of the chip. The system's configuration is locally programmed through thermo-optic phase shifters and monitored by photodetectors, and can select any combination of optical or microwave inputs and outputs. We construct multiple systems with this engine to demonstrate its capabilities for different RF and optical signal processing functions, including optical and RF signal generation and filtering. This represents a key step towards compact and affordable microwave photonic systems that can enable higher-speed wireless communication networks and low-cost microwave sensing applications.

Announcing an IEEE/Optica Publishing Group Journal of Lightwave Technology Special Issue on: OFS-29

2025-06-01
| IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability

Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) in Aerospace: A New Frontier for High-Speed Data Transmission

2025-05-31
Abhinav Keshary | International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology
The demand for high-speed, secure, and interference-free data communication in aerospace systems has accelerated the search for alternatives to traditional radio frequency (RF) technologies. Light Fidelity (Li-Fi), a wireless communication … The demand for high-speed, secure, and interference-free data communication in aerospace systems has accelerated the search for alternatives to traditional radio frequency (RF) technologies. Light Fidelity (Li-Fi), a wireless communication system that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to transmit data, has emerged as a promising solution. Li-Fi offers significantly higher bandwidth, enhanced data security, and immunity to electromagnetic interference—qualities that are critical in aerospace environments such as aircraft cabins, satellites, and space stations. During my year-long study of Li-Fi, I found that light-based communication not only increases the speed of communication but is also faster than the current medium for communication, whether be it on land or high altitudes or even space. This paper explores the fundamentals of Li-Fi technology, its advantages over existing systems, its application in aerospace communication, and the current challenges to implementation. Through this research, I aim to highlight the deployment of Li-Fi at high altitudes and space-based communications henceforth making it ideal for next-gen aerospace systems

Demonstration of an SDN-enabled, Resilient, Rate-Adaptable Hybrid Fiber/outdoor FSO/mmWave Transport for 6G X-haul Architecture

2025-05-30
Evrydiki Kyriazi , Panagiotis Toumasis , George Brestas +7 more | Journal of Optical Communications and Networking

Full-Photonics Up- and Down-Conversions for W-band 16-QAM Signal Wireless Delivery Over 30.4-kilometers with Advanced Equalizations

2025-05-30
Dianyuan Ping , Qichao Lu , Junhao Zhao +7 more | Optics Letters

Automated fibre channel device onboarding using FIDO protocol: Transforming SAN infrastructure management

2025-05-29
Derek Asir Muthurajan Caleb | World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences
The onboarding of Fibre Channel (FC) devices in Storage Area Network (SAN) environments presents significant operational challenges for data center administrators, involving multiple manual configuration steps that create bottlenecks in … The onboarding of Fibre Channel (FC) devices in Storage Area Network (SAN) environments presents significant operational challenges for data center administrators, involving multiple manual configuration steps that create bottlenecks in infrastructure expansion. This article explores how adapting the FIDO protocol—originally developed for IoT device authentication—can revolutionize FC device provisioning by enabling automated, secure onboarding processes. Through a comprehensive article of current onboarding workflows and their limitations, it presents a technical framework for implementing FIDO-based zero-touch provisioning that eliminates the need for manual IP assignment, firewall configuration, management system discovery, monitoring setup, and switch parameter synchronization. The proposed methodology substantially reduces deployment timeframes while maintaining security compliance and operational consistency across SAN infrastructures.

Photonic approach to multi-band dual-chirp microwave waveform generation with improved time-bandwidth product

2025-05-29
Hongshi Zhao , Jialing Yang , Zengping Zhang | Photonic Network Communications

A multiband microwave photonic radar with increased target detection ability

2025-05-27
Jinxin Li , Yuhang Xie , Jianghai Wo +2 more
We propose and demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, multiband microwave photonic radar, with increased target detection ability. An optical frequency shifting loop (OFSL) is employed in … We propose and demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, multiband microwave photonic radar, with increased target detection ability. An optical frequency shifting loop (OFSL) is employed in which a pulsed optical carrier modulated by a linearly frequency-modulated (LFM) waveform is recirculating in the loop to generate a series of optical waveforms with increased central frequencies and bandwidths. By beating the optical waveforms at the output of the OFSL with the optical carrier, a multiband LFM microwave waveform is generated, which is transmitted to free space via an antenna. At the same time, a portion of the multiband microwave waveform is sent to the radar receiver as a reference waveform. At the radar receiver, the multiband microwave waveform reflected by a target is received, which is de-chirped by mixing it with the reference waveform. Experimental verification of a radar system consisting of three-band (C-band, X-band, and Ku-band) LFM waveforms with instantaneous bandwidths of 1, 2, and 3 GHz, respectively, is performed. The range resolutions for the three bands are measured to be 15.98, 8.39, and 5.64 cm, respectively. By leveraging different frequency bands, the multiband radar can mitigate the limitations of single-band radars, such as material absorption and resolution constraints, to provide optimal performance in terms of detection range, range resolution, and detectability.

Simple photonics-based microwave frequency and power measurement system

2025-05-26
Chongjia Huang , Han Zhang , Kun Zhi +3 more

Vibration area localization and event recognition for underground power optical cable in multiple laying scenarios based on deep learning

2025-05-23
Wanchang Jiang , Chunzhen Li , Wenlong Zhang +1 more

Advances in and Applications of Microwave Photonics in Radar Systems: A Review

2025-05-23
Luka Podbregar , Boštjan Batagelj , Aljaž Blatnik +1 more
Modern radar systems frequently encounter constraints on bandwidth, transmission speed, and resolution, particularly within complex electromagnetic settings. Microwave photonics (MWP) provides solutions through the integration of photonic elements to improve … Modern radar systems frequently encounter constraints on bandwidth, transmission speed, and resolution, particularly within complex electromagnetic settings. Microwave photonics (MWP) provides solutions through the integration of photonic elements to improve radar’s functionalities. This review paper examines the question of how to improve radar performance by using MWP-based radar components for signal transmission, local oscillator signal generation, radar waveforming, optical beamforming networks, mixing, filtering, co-site interference suppression, real-time Fourier transformation, and analog-to-digital conversion. MWP radar systems achieve wider bandwidths, greater resistance to electromagnetic interference, and reduced phase noise, size, weight, and power consumption. Consequently, the integration of MWP into radar systems has the potential to increase the accuracy of these systems.

Announcing an IEEE/Optica Publishing Group Journal of Lightwave Technology Special Issue on: OFS-29

2025-05-23

Intelligent configuration of integrated microwave photonic filter with programmable response and self-stabilization

2025-05-23
Yuan Yu , Yutong Shi , Yifan Liu +5 more
<title>Abstract</title> Integrated microwave photonic filters (IMPFs) have emerged as promising candidates for advanced microwave systems owing to their distinctive combination of wide operational bandwidth, reconfigurable functionality, and compact size. Nevertheless, … <title>Abstract</title> Integrated microwave photonic filters (IMPFs) have emerged as promising candidates for advanced microwave systems owing to their distinctive combination of wide operational bandwidth, reconfigurable functionality, and compact size. Nevertheless, the complex and time-consuming manual manipulation of IMPFs remains a significant impediment to their widespread applications. Here, to the best of our knowledge, we experimentally demonstrate the first intelligent configuration of IMPF featuring wideband center frequency tunability, flexible bandwidth reconfigurability, self-stabilization, and excellent channel equalization simultaneously. The configuration strategy is enabled by our proposed universal hybrid collaboration algorithm, which can fully unleash the hardware potential of the optical device, thus enabling comprehensive synergy of multiple properties. Results show that the center frequency of IMPF is tuned from 2 to 48 GHz, and the bandwidth is reconfigured from 0.66 to 4.15 GHz, with a rejection ratio of up to 37.67 dB. The roll-off rate and shape factor reach as high as 17.50 dB/GHz and 0.78, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum center frequency drift of IMPF in 3 hours is reduced from 11.950 to 0.051 GHz even without a thermo-electric cooler, indicating that the center frequency stability is enhanced by 234 times. The passband shape of the IMPF can also be dynamically adjusted to equalize frequency-dependent fading, achieving up to 2.42 dB compensation of intra-channel fading. Our work highlights the potential of IMPFs based on intelligent configuration, unlocking new avenues for practical applications of microwave photonic signal processing.

Intelligent Resource Allocation for Immersive VoD Multimedia in NG-EPON and B5G Converged Access Networks

2025-05-22
Razat Kharga , AliAkbar Nikoukar , I‐Shyan Hwang
Immersive content streaming services are becoming increasingly popular on video on demand (VoD) platforms due to the growing interest in extended reality (XR) and spatial experiences. Unlike traditional VoD, immersive … Immersive content streaming services are becoming increasingly popular on video on demand (VoD) platforms due to the growing interest in extended reality (XR) and spatial experiences. Unlike traditional VoD, immersive VoD (IVoD) offers more engaging and interactive content beyond conventional 2D video. IVoD requires substantial bandwidth and minimal latency to deliver its interactive XR experiences. This research examines intelligent resource allocation for IVoD services across NG-EPON and B5G X-haul converged networks. A proposed software-defined networking (SDN) framework employs artificial neural networks (ANN) with a backpropagation technique to predict bandwidth control based on traffic patterns and network conditions. The new immersive video storage, field-programmable gate array (FPGA), Queue Manager, and logical layer components are added to the existing OLT and ONU hardware architecture to implement the SDN framework. The SDN framework manages the entire network, predicts bandwidth requirements, and operates the immersive media dynamic bandwidth allocation (IMS-DBA) algorithm to efficiently allocate bandwidth to IVoD network traffic, ensuring that QoS metrics are met for IM services. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly enhances mean packet delay by up to 3% and improves packet drop probability by up to 4% as the traffic load varies from light to high across different scenarios, leading to enhanced overall QoS performance.

Long range Brillouin optical time-domain analysis using cyclic m-sequence

2025-05-22
Yang Zhang , Jiageng Chen , Hanzhao Li +3 more

DC-220 GHz Well-Impedance Matched Ultra-Broadband Photodetector for high symbol rate advanced optical fiber communication

2025-05-21
Toshimasa Umezawa , Shinya Nakajima , Atsushi Matsumoto +2 more

Self-Adaptive Hybrid Data-Model Optimization for Secure End-to-End Radio-over-Fiber Transmission

2025-05-20
Yue Zhu , Jia Ye , Lianshan Yan +3 more
A novel self-adaptive secure end-to-end (E2E) transmission approach is proposed for a radio-over-fiber (RoF) system. The system integrates deep learning (DL) and traditional models across the transmitter, channel, and receiver, … A novel self-adaptive secure end-to-end (E2E) transmission approach is proposed for a radio-over-fiber (RoF) system. The system integrates deep learning (DL) and traditional models across the transmitter, channel, and receiver, forming an E2E transmission framework. The encryption function of the system is embedded into modulation (TransNN) and demodulation (ReceivNN) via E2E optimization. Training-phase randomization and noise perturbations ensure incompatibility between modulation and demodulation models across different training rounds. An adversarial training strategy enhances physical-layer security by adapting the demodulation model to the legal channel while restricting its effectiveness on illegal ones. Numerical simulations indicate that under white-box attacks, only the matched ReceivNN correctly demodulates TransNN signals, while under gray-box attacks, ReceivNN demodulation performance degrades due to mismatched channel conditions. These results validate the scheme's effectiveness against both white-box and gray-box attacks, offering a secure and adaptive solution for RoF systems.

Predicting lumen maintenance of phosphor-converted light emitting diodes in Indian tropical conditions using machine learning

2025-05-19
Arindam Chakraborty , Chiradeep Mukherjee , Rajiv Ganguly +1 more